FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Shender, BS Paskoff, GR AF Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Pintar, Frank A. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn R. TI Physical Effects of Ejection on the Head-Neck Complex: Demonstration of a Cadaver Model SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; cervical spine; ejection; compression; flexion; trauma ID HUMAN CERVICAL-SPINE; FACET JOINT KINEMATICS; AIR-FORCE; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; WHIPLASH INJURY; VERTICAL IMPACT; AIRCRAFT; EXPERIENCE; PILOTS AB STEMPER BD, YOGANANDAN N. PINTAR FA, SHENDER BS, PASKOFF GR. Physical effects of ejection on the head-neck complex demonstration of a cadaver model. Aviat Space Environ Med 2009; 80:489-94. Vertebral fracture is the most common severe injury during highspeed pilot ejection. However, the loading paradigm experienced by pilots may also lead to soft-tissue spinal injuries that are more difficult to quantify and can lead to long-term deficits. This manuscript describes a new experimental protocol to simulate the effects of pilot ejection on the tissues of the head-neck complex. The model permits precise control of head-neck complex initial positioning, detailed analysis of head and spinal kinematics and upper and lower neck loads, and the ability to thoroughly investigate and identify soft-tissue injuries through upper and lower neck injury criteria, radiography, manual palpation, and cryomicrotomy. For the current test, peak acceleration of + 14.8 G(2) was similar to actual ejection events and duration of the acceleration pulse was approximately 100 ms. The specimen was oriented in flexion prior to initiation of inferior-to-superiorly directed acceleration. Subfailure ligamentum flavum injuries were sustained at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 cervical spinal levels and identified by increased segmental motions during the simulated ejection, increased laxity following testing, and cryomicrotomy. Upper and lower neck injury criteria did not predict these soft-tissue injuries. This experimental model can be used for detailed analysis of the effects of gender, head-neck orientation, helmet instrumentation, and acceleration pulse characteristics on cervical spine injury potential during pilot ejection events. C1 [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn R.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Stemper, BD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM stemps@mcw.edu FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division [N00421-02-C-3005]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division contract N00421-02-C-3005 and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2422.2009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 438JD UT WOS:000265550800011 PM 19456013 ER PT J AU Pravica, MG Guardala, NA Price, JL AF Pravica, Michael G. Guardala, Noel A. Price, Jack L. TI A novel method to dope diamond - Ion Beam Nuclear Transmutation Doping (IBNTD) SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Garbide CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Sitges, SPAIN ID ENERGIES; FILMS; B-10 AB Using MeV-range protons to transmute a small fraction of host nuclei into n- or p-type dopants, we have demonstrated a novel method to dope challenging wide bandgap semiconductors. In particular, we have doped isotopically-enriched (13)C diamond and AlGaN films using this method focusing on the (13)C + (1)H -> (14)N + gamma, radiative proton capture resonance at 1.75 MeV and (27)Al + (1)H -> (28)Si + gamma proton capture resonance at 0.997 MeV. Both samples sustained primarily end-of-range damage which was annealable in AlGaN. We have performed a variety of measurements to characterize the doped samples including Raman spectroscopy. STM, and X-ray diffraction on the doped samples which suggest the viability of IBNTD as a doping method. Calculations indicate that doping layer thicknesses of the order of 10 nm are achievable. Possible doping concentrations using this technique are also estimated. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pravica, Michael G.] Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Pravica, Michael G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Guardala, Noel A.; Price, Jack L.] Carderock NSWCCD, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Pravica, MG (reprint author), Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM pravica@physics.unlv.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAY-AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5-8 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2009.01.007 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 467KG UT WOS:000267737000036 ER PT J AU Magill, JC Cataldi, P Morency, JR Hammer, DX Burgess, R Jeter, E AF Magill, John C. Cataldi, Paolo Morency, Joseph R. Hammer, Daniel X. Burgess, Riley Jeter, Edward TI Demonstration of a Wire Suspension for Wind-Tunnel Virtual Flight Testing SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the development of a wire suspension system for dynamic testing of missiles in a wind tunnel. The system restrains the missile, permits motion in 3 rotational degrees of freedom, and measures forces on the model. The apparatus allows testing of missile control systems in the wind tunnel, reducing the cost and risk of a flight-test program. Hydraulic actuators control cable tension and model position. Bearings provide free roll and pitch, whereas yaw motion is created by the cable actuation system and a repetitive-learning controller. The paper describes the cable arrangement, force balance, bearings, closed-loop hydraulic control, and the repetitive-learning controller. Two sets of tests were conducted with the broad ocean area missile (a sidewinder variant) in the High-Velocity Air Stream facility at the China Lake Naval Weapons Center. The tests, conducted at M = 0.4-0.6, demonstrate functionality of the system in a series of missile pitch and yaw maneuvers. The learning controller is shown to learn an s maneuver in the yaw plane. C1 [Magill, John C.; Hammer, Daniel X.] Phys Sci Inc, Biomed Imaging, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Burgess, Riley; Jeter, Edward] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Magill, JC (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, Biomed Imaging, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) [F40600-01-C-0015] FX This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) under contract no. F40600-01-C-0015. The contract monitor is Ronald Bishel. The authors thank Frank Steinle, Clark Lawrence, and Ben Mills of Sverdrup Technology, Inc./AEDC lor their helpful input. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recorn mend atio n s expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.2514/1.39188 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZX UT WOS:000266895100014 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Rapp, Robert A. Opeka, Mark Kerans, Ronald J. TI Effects of Phase Change and Oxygen Permeability in Oxide Scales on Oxidation Kinetics of ZrB2 and HfB2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIA-HAFNIA; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; COMPOSITES; VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT; CERAMICS; DIBORIDE; MODEL AB A wide range of experimental data on the oxidation of ZrB2 and HfB2 as a function of temperature (800 degrees-2500 degrees C) is interpreted using a mechanistic model that relaxes two significant assumptions made in prior work. First, inclusion of the effect of volume change associated with monoclinic to tetragonal phase change of the MeO2 phases is found to rationalize the observations by several investigators of abrupt changes in weight gain, recession, and oxygen consumed, as the temperature is raised through the transformation temperatures for ZrO2 and HfO2. Second, the inclusion of oxygen permeability in ZrO2 is found to rationalize the enhancement in oxidation behavior at very high temperatures (>1800 degrees C) of ZrB2, while the effect of oxygen permeability in HfO2 is negligible. Based on these considerations, the significant advantage of HfB2 over ZrB2 is credited to the higher transformation temperature and lower oxygen permeability of HfO2 compared with ZrO2. C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, Robert A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Opeka, Mark] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. [Kerans, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU USAF [FA8650-04-D-5233] FX This work was supported in part by USAF Contract # FA8650-04-D-5233. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03031.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 444WT UT WOS:000266012300019 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Ryan, MAK AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Baseline self reported functional health and vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder after combat deployment: prospective US military cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS; TRAUMATIC EVENTS; IRAQ WAR AB Objective To determine if baseline functional health status, as measured by SF-36 (veterans), predicts new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder among deployed US military personnel with combat exposure. Design Prospective cohort analysis. Setting Millennium Cohort. Participants Combat deployed members who completed baseline (2001-3) and follow-up (2004-6) questionnaires. Self reported and electronic data used to examine the relation between functional health and post-traumatic stress disorder. Main outcome measures New onset post-traumatic stress disorder as measured by either meeting the DSM-IV criteria with the 17 item post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version or self report of a physician diagnosis at follow- up with the absence of both at baseline. Results Of the 5410 eligible participants, 395 (7.3%) had new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder at the time of follow- up. Individuals whose baseline mental or physical component summary scores were below the 15th centile had two to three times the risk of symptoms or a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder by follow- up compared with those in the 15th to 85th centile. Of those with new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, over half (58%) of cases occurred among participants with scores below the 15th centile at baseline. Conclusions Low mental or physical health status before combat exposure significantly increases the risk of symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after deployment. More vulnerable members of a population could be identified and benefit from interventions targeted to prevent new onset post-traumatic stress disorder. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] AF Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Cynthia.LeardMann@med.navy.mil FU Naval Health Research Center [08-07]; US Department of Defense [60002]; US Department of the Navy; US Department of the Army; US Department of the Air Force; US Department of Defense; US Department of Veterans Affairs; US Government FX This represents Naval Health Research Center report 08-07, supported by the US Department of Defense, under work unit No 60002. Funding sources did not play any other role. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Department of the Navy, US Department of the Army, US Department of the Air Force, US Department of Defense, US Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government. NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 16 PY 2009 VL 338 AR b1273 DI 10.1136/bmj.b1273 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 434TK UT WOS:000265296800001 PM 19372117 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Yoo, JH Cullen, JR Wun-Fogle, M Petculescu, G Flatau, A AF Clark, A. E. Yoo, J. -H. Cullen, J. R. Wun-Fogle, M. Petculescu, G. Flatau, A. TI Stress dependent magnetostriction in highly magnetostrictive Fe100-xGax, 20 < x < 30 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Saturation magnetostriction measurements along the [100] axis of Fe100-xGax single crystal rods (similar to 25X6 mm diameter) were observed to have a linear dependence on [100] applied compressive stresses for 2087.5%), therefore indicating that the approach is feasible. C1 [Fan, Richard E.; Wottawa, Christopher; Mulgaonkar, Amit] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Biomed Engn IDP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Boryk, Richard J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Rehabil Serv Dept, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sander, Todd C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Wyatt, Marilynn P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Dutson, Erik; Grundfest, Warren S.; Culjat, Martin O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, CASIT, Dept Bioengn &Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Fan, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Biomed Engn IDP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rfan@ucla.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3315-5 PY 2009 BP 476 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BMF84 UT WOS:000272211300094 ER PT B AU Preiss, SA Roderick, A AF Preiss, Stephen A. Roderick, Andrea GP IEEE TI Handheld Radar Simulator: The Future of RF Testing SO 2009 IEEE AUTOTESTCON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 14-17, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Radio Frequency; Handheld Radar Simulator; RF Testing; Radar Warning Receiver; Electronic Support Measure; JSECST; Electronic Warfare AB Due to budgetary and economic constraints, the Department of Defense (DOD) has taken the "neck down" approach to all areas of military procurement. Commonality has been the buzzword across all services from major aircraft and weapon systems down to the Support Equipment (SE) used to maintain those systems. In the aircraft world, the Joint Service Electronic Combat System Test Set (JSECST) has proliferated across the world replacing many older systems. In the weapons world, the Common Munitions BIT Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) has performed a similar function. Despite all these efforts, one area that has not been addressed is the need for a common portable Radio Frequency (RF) tester that would eliminate many redundant systems out in the field. However, that was only the first part; there was also a need for the RF portable tester to be able to perform in high Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) environments, which was considered a significant technical challenge. The unit also had to be reprogrammable to provide "threat of the day" testing scenarios. The maintainer in the field has never before been required to perform this "threat of the day" type of testing. This paper offers insight into the challenges of successful Navy and Marine Corp RF testing of aircraft in the high EMI environment of an aircraft carrier. The Handheld Radar Simulator (HRS) addresses those needs. This paper discusses the management and technical challenges in developing a common test solution that HRS offers as a standardized RF portable tester. Although currently under development and subject to change, the design and concept or operations has already been firmly established. This papers intent is to enlighten the test community of this new and exciting program that will shape the future direction of RF testing for years to come. C1 [Preiss, Stephen A.; Roderick, Andrea] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. RP Preiss, SA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. EM stephen.preiss@navy.mil; andrea.roderick@navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4980-4 PY 2009 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BNK02 UT WOS:000274771300052 ER PT B AU Sauter, JA Mathews, RS Neuharth, K Robinson, JS Moody, J Riddle, S AF Sauter, John A. Mathews, Robert S. Neuharth, Kris Robinson, Joshua S. Moody, John Riddle, Stephanie GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Swarming Control of Unmanned Ground and Air Systems in Surveillance and Infrastructure Protection SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The emergence of new risks to homeland security requires a greater reliance on innovative remote sensing and monitoring systems deployed on Unmanned Vehicles (UxVs) for protecting borders and critical infrastructure. Robust autonomous control technologies that can reliably coordinate these sensors and platforms are needed. We describe a class of algorithms based on digital pheromones that enables robust, complex, intelligent behavior. These algorithms have been implemented on a variety of UxVs and sensor platforms and demonstrated in surveillance and infrastructure protection applications. The algorithms autonomously adapt to a rapidly changing environment as well as failures or changes in the composition of the sensor assets. They can support mixed manned and unmanned teaming environments. An Operator System Interface (OSI) enables a single operator to monitor and manage the system. We describe the results from various tests and the challenges faced in implementing these algorithms on actual hardware. C1 [Sauter, John A.; Mathews, Robert S.; Neuharth, Kris] TechTeam Govt Solut, 3520 Green Court,Suite 250, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Robinson, Joshua S.; Moody, John] Augusta Syst, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Riddle, Stephanie] NAVAIR, St Marys City, MD 20670 USA. RP Sauter, JA (reprint author), TechTeam Govt Solut, 3520 Green Court,Suite 250, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM john.sauter@newvectors.net; robert.matthews@newvectors.net; kris.neuharth@newvectors.net; jrobinson@augustasystems.com; jmoody@augustasystems.com; stephanie.riddle@navy.mil FU NAVAIR FX This paper is based on work supported by NAVAIR with Augusta Systems as the prime contractor. NAVAIR Public Release 09-212. Distribution: Statement A Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The views and conclusions in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, Either expressed or implied, of the Department of Defense,or the US Government NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 51 EP + DI 10.1109/THS.2009.5168014 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900008 ER PT J AU Roesch, SC Aldridge, AA Vickers, RR Helvig, LK AF Roesch, Scott C. Aldridge, Arianna A. Vickers, Ross R., Jr. Helvig, Linda K. TI Testing personality-coping diatheses for negative and positive affect: a longitudinal evaluation SO ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING LA English DT Article DE personality processes; five-factor model; coping; stress; multilevel modeling ID BIG 5 TRAITS; 5-FACTOR MODEL; EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY; DAILY STRESS; NEUROTICISM; EXTROVERSION; STYLE; AGREEABLENESS; PREDICTION; EXPERIENCE AB The current study examined how trait-consistent coping and trait-inconsistent coping were predictive of negative and positive affect. It was hypothesized that coping behaviors (e.g., social support) that were consistent with dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of Personality (e.g., Extraversion) would be associated with positive affect, whereas traits that were inconsistent would be associated with negative affect. Longitudinal data from 673 military recruits revealed that dimensions of the FFM moderated the relationship between coping and affect. Individuals either high on Neuroticism, high on Agreeableness, or low on Conscientiousness who used more avoidance coping experienced more negative affect. Individuals high in Extraversion who used more approach coping and individuals low in Agreeableness who used more avoidance coping experienced more positive affect. The results are discussed with respect to the behavioral concordance model (BCM) (Cote Moskowitz, 1998) and the differential coping choice-effectiveness model (Bolger Zuckerman, 1995). C1 [Roesch, Scott C.; Aldridge, Arianna A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Vickers, Ross R., Jr.; Helvig, Linda K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Roesch, SC (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM scroesch@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-5806 J9 ANXIETY STRESS COPIN JI Anxiety Stress Coping PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 263 EP 281 AR PII 909164466 DI 10.1080/10615800802158419 PG 19 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 434RA UT WOS:000265290600002 PM 19253170 ER PT S AU Merritt, SA AF Merritt, Scott A. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI A Multiframe 2D-to-3D Video Georegistration Algorithm SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XIX CY APR 13-14, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Georegistration; 2D/3D Registration; Video Targeting; Multi-Frame Registration; Image Sequence Registration AB Targeting from video relies upon precise image and video registration. Historically, the technology to automate this georegistration has operated using 2D transform spaces under the often naive assumption that the imaged geometry is planar. The author previously demonstrated a fast 2D-to-3D registration algorithm that removes this assumption, provided a digital elevation model (DEM) is available. Whereas the previous algorithm operated independently on each frame of a video sequence, a new 2D-to-3D algorithm is proposed that exploits the structural consistency of the imaged geometry across frames. This work presents this novel algorithm and explores its efficacy in reducing targeting error. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, SA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7601-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7335 AR 73350S DI 10.1117/12.817804 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVD01 UT WOS:000291156300026 ER PT J AU Groshens, TJ Hollins, RA AF Groshens, Thomas J. Hollins, Richard A. TI New chemical hydrogen storage materials exploiting the self-sustaining thermal decomposition of guanidinium borohydride SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ETHANE 1,2-DIAMINEBORANE; AMMONIA; BORANE AB Guanidinium borohydride (GBH) was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to release more than 10 wt% H(2) as a fairly pure stream during a self-sustaining thermal decomposition reaction both with and without additives that were identified to reduce the concentration of the main ammonia impurity and control the reaction sustainability. C1 [Groshens, Thomas J.; Hollins, Richard A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Groshens, TJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM thomas.groshens@navy.mil NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2009 IS 21 BP 3089 EP 3091 DI 10.1039/b900376b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 448NQ UT WOS:000266269700033 PM 19462096 ER PT B AU Fraser, A Borg, JP Jordan, JL Sutherland, G AF Fraser, A. Borg, J. P. Jordan, J. L. Sutherland, G. GP EDPS TI Micro-mechanical behavior of Al-MnO2-Epoxy under shock loading SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad ID MESOSCALE; STRENGTH AB This work presents a comparison between experimental data and numeric mesoscale simulations. The compaction of a mixture of Al-MnO2-Epoxy was simulated in a one-dimensional flyer plate configuration with the goal of determining the bulk shock Hugoniot. Mesoscale simulations, in which the initial conditions are imported from SEM images, reproduce the experimentally obtained bulk Hugoniot behavior. In addition the formation and evolution of hot spots are observed. C1 [Fraser, A.; Borg, J. P.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Jordan, J. L.] AFRL, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32578 USA. [Sutherland, G.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Fraser, A (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. FU NSF-Navy [CTS-0521602]; Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) FX The computational work was funded under by a joint grant from NSF-Navy, Grant CTS-0521602. In addition, the lead author would like to acknowledge the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) for summer funding and the opportunity to work alongside researchers at NSWC-IH and AFRL. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0473-3 PY 2009 BP 1575 EP + DI 10.1051/dymat/2009222 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO56 UT WOS:000273128000092 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, C LaCaille, G Wright, N Ward, N Shu, C Painter, R Vinquist, C Stoyanov, P Lee, EW Piatkowski, D McLennan, J Ogren, J Kumor, C Es-Said, OS AF Wilhelm, C. LaCaille, G. Wright, N. Ward, N. Shu, C. Painter, R. Vinquist, C. Stoyanov, P. Lee, E. W. Piatkowski, D. McLennan, J. Ogren, J. Kumor, C. Es-Said, O. S. TI Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of coated AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats exposed to simulated thermal blast SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Al 6061-T6; Heat resistant coatings; Degradation of mechanical properties ID HEAT DAMAGE AB The purpose of this study was to test the heat resistance of eight different combinations of coatings that are applied on Marine Corps AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats. The objective was to determine which coating is best suited for use on mats exposed to exhaust from short take off and vertical landing aircraft. Each coating combination was first exposed to the flame of three torches from a constant distance for different periods of time. Then, conductivity, hardness, tensile tests and optical microscopy were conducted. The plate with NiAl bond coating, Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) heat resistance coating, and NiCr-SiC non-skid coating outperformed other coating combinations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilhelm, C.; LaCaille, G.; Wright, N.; Ward, N.; Shu, C.; Painter, R.; Vinquist, C.; Stoyanov, P.; McLennan, J.; Ogren, J.; Kumor, C.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Lee, E. W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Piatkowski, D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0353668] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates Program; Grant number EEC-0353668, Ms. Esther Bolding is the program manager. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.12.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 377ON UT WOS:000261260600001 ER PT B AU Silbert, M AF Silbert, Mark GP IEEE TI A Robust Method for Computing Truth-to-Track Assignments SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Multi-target tracking performance; Multi-sensor tracking performance; truth-to-track assignment; report-identity based assignment; data fusion tracking performance AB Multi-sensor, multi-target tracking is the process of tracking one or more targets given periodic measurement reports of the target locations from one or more sensors. When there are many targets and/or the target density is high, this can be a complex problem. Because of the complexity, it is useful to measure how well the multi-target tracking system is performing. There are many ways to measure the performance but usually no one single measure can encompass the overall performance. Much work has been done on defining useful metrics such as tracking accuracy, track purity, and track continuity. Before any of these metrics can be applied, one must first determine the identity of the target tracks, i.e., the target being tracked by each track. Determining which track corresponds to which target is called the truth-to-track assignment problem. In the past, this assignment has been accomplished using local cost or global cost minimization techniques. While these techniques are useful when using real data, we will show that the assignments it produces can be less than ideal. In the cases where the measurement reports can be identified, such as in computer simulation, we will describe a much more powerful technique, called Report-Identity Based (RIB) assignment that is much more robust and objective. Furthermore, RIB assignment can be applied equally well to both report-to-track and track-to-track tracking systems. The paper will describe how it can be used for all types of tracking systems. C1 NAVAIR, Air 4 5 3 3, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Silbert, M (reprint author), NAVAIR, Air 4 5 3 3, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM mark.silbert@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1658 EP 1664 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001069 ER PT J AU Mujica-Parodi, LR Renelique, R Taylor, MK AF Mujica-Parodi, L. R. Renelique, R. Taylor, M. K. TI Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body fat; cortisol; emotional stress; cognition; body mass index; spatial processing ID MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; SENSATION-SEEKING; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FOOD-INTAKE; HIP RATIO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; OBESITY; WEIGHT; WOMEN AB Objective: Cortisol is elevated in individuals with both increased emotional stress and higher percentages of body fat. Cortisol is also known to affect cognitive performance, particularly spatial processing and working memory. We hypothesized that increased body fat might therefore be associated with decreased performance on a spatial processing task, in response to an acute real-world stressor. Design: We tested two separate samples of participants undergoing their first (tandem) skydive. In the first sample (N = 78), participants were tested for salivary cortisol and state anxiety (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale) during the plane's 15-min ascent to altitude in immediate anticipation of the jump. In a second sample (N = 20), participants were tested for salivary cortisol, as well as cardiac variables (heart rate, autonomic regulation through heart rate variability) and performance on a cognitive task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. Results: In response to the skydive, individuals with greater body fat percentages showed significantly increased reactivity for both cortisol (on both samples) and cognition, including decreased accuracy of our task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. These cognitive effects were restricted to the stress response and were not found under baseline conditions. There were no body fat interactions with cardiac changes in response to the stressor, suggesting that the cognitive effects were specifically hormone mediated rather than secondary to general activation of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, under real-world stress, increased body fat may be associated with endocrine stress vulnerability, with consequences for deleterious cognitive performance. C1 [Mujica-Parodi, L. R.; Renelique, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, L. R.; Renelique, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Taylor, M. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mujica-Parodi, LR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Hlth Sci Ctr T18, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lmujicaparodi@gmail.com OI Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne/0000-0002-3752-5519 FU Office of Naval Research [N0014-04-1-005]; US Army Soldier Systems Center Natick [DAAD16-99-C-1033]; National Institutes of Health [5-MO1-RR-10710] FX This research was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research N0014-04-1-005 (LRMP), the US Army Soldier Systems Center Natick DAAD16-99-C-1033 (LRMP) and the National Institutes of Health 5-MO1-RR-10710 ( Stony Brook University General Clinical Research Center). NR 44 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.218 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 393ML UT WOS:000262377300023 PM 19015661 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Thomas, EL Otani, M Green, ML Tran, TN Caylor, C Dilley, NR Downey, A Edwards, B Elsner, N Ghamaty, S Hogan, T Jie, Q Li, Q Martin, J Nolas, G Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Tritt, T AF Lu, Z. Q. J. Lowhorn, N. D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Green, M. L. Tran, T. N. Caylor, C. Dilley, N. R. Downey, A. Edwards, B. Elsner, N. Ghamaty, S. Hogan, T. Jie, Q. Li, Q. Martin, J. Nolas, G. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Tritt, T. TI Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bismuth telluride; consensus mean curve; Constantan; functional data analysis; Ridge regression modeling; round-robin; Seebeck coefficient; Standard Reference Material; thermoelectric ID BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MERIT AB In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations. C1 [Lu, Z. Q. J.; Lowhorn, N. D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Green, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Caylor, C.; Venkatasubramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dilley, N. R.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Downey, A.; Hogan, T.] Armor Holdings, Sterling Hts, MI 48310 USA. [Downey, A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edwards, B.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Elsner, N.; Ghamaty, S.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Jie, Q.; Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Martin, J.; Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] Gen Motors R& Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov; nlowhorn@gmail.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; zwp@ustc.edu.cn; ethoma7@gmail.com; makoto_ohtani@nifty.com; martin.green@nist.gov; Thanh.N.Tran@navy.mil; ccaylor@rti.org; neil@qdusa.com; adam.downey@stryker.com; bradandjustine@gmail.com; n.elsner@hi-z.com; s.ghamaty@hi-z.com; hogant@msu.edu; qjie@bnl.gov; qiangli@bnl.gov; joshua.martin@nist.gov; gnolas@cas.usf.edu; h.obara@aist.go.jp; jsharp@marlow.com; rama@rti.org; WilligRR@utrc.utc.com; jihui.yang@gm.com; ttritt@clemson.edu RI Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Zhang, Weiping/C-6158-2014; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.114.004 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300004 PM 27504212 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Still, KR Wilfong, ER Johnson, EW McInturf, SM Eggers, JS Schaeffer, DJ Bekkedal, MYV AF Arfsten, D. P. Still, K. R. Wilfong, E. R. Johnson, E. W. McInturf, S. M. Eggers, J. S. Schaeffer, D. J. Bekkedal, M. Y. -V. TI Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Implanted Depleted Uranium (DU) in CD Rats SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID OXIDATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; MICE; PELLETS; SPERM; BRAIN; FETAL AB Depleted uranium (DU) munitions and armor plating have been used in several conflicts over the last 17 yr, including the Persian Gulf War and the Iraq War. Because of its effectiveness and availability, DU will continue to be used in military applications into the foreseeable future. There is much controversy over the use of DU in weapons and equipment because of its potential radiological and toxic hazards, and there is concern over the chronic adverse health effects of embedded DU shrapnel in war veterans and bystanders. This study evaluated the effects of long-term implantation of DU on the reproductive success of F0 generation adults and development and survival of subsequent F1 and F2 generations in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study. F0 generation Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 wk of age, were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 20 DU pellets (1 2 mm). Inert implant control animals were implanted with 12 or 20 tantallum (Ta) pellets. The F0 generation was then mated at 120 d post DU implantation. In the F0 generation, when measured on postimplantation d 27 and 117, uranium was present in the urine of DU-implanted animals in a dose-dependent manner. F0 reproductive success was similar across treatment groups and the maternal retrieval test revealed no changes in maternal behavior. DU implantation exerted no effect on the survival, health, or well-being of the F0 generation. Necropsy results of F0 animals were negative with the exception of a marked inflammatory response surrounding the implanted DU pellets. For the F1 generation, measures of F1 development through postnatal day (PND) 20 were unremarkable and no gross abnormalities were observed in F1 offspring. No uranium was detected in whole-body homogenates of PND 4 or PND 20 pups. Necropsy findings of F1 PND 20 pups were negative and no instances of ribcage malformation were observed in F1 PND 20 pups. Body weight and body weight gain of F1 rats through PND 120 were similar across treatment groups. Eight of 414 F1 animals observed from PND 20 to 120 died of unknown causes; 7 were from litters of DU-implanted F0 mating pairs. F1 mating success at 10 wk of age was an overall 70% compared with 91% for F0 mating pairs. Mating success was similar between F1 animals derived from DU-implanted F0 adults and those derived from F0 implant control adults suggesting that the comparatively low mating success was not due to F1 DU exposure. The gestational index of F1 animals derived from mid-dose F0 mating pairs was found to be lower compared with F1 controls. The average gestation duration of F1 animals derived from high-dose F0 mating pairs was found to be significantly longer than F1 controls. F1 sperm motility analyses did not differ among experimental groups and no gross abnormalities were identified at necropsy among surviving F1 animals at PND 120. Histopathology of kidneys, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, ovaries, and testes of F1 high-dose animals did not differ from F1 controls. F1 high-dose females had significantly higher mean relative liver and heart weights compared with F1 controls; the biological relevance of this finding could not be determined. For the F2 generation, measures of F2 development through PND 20 were unremarkable and no gross abnormalities were observed in F2 offspring. Necropsy findings of F2 PND 20 pups were negative and no instances of ribcage malformation were observed in F2 PND 20 pups. Body weight and body weight gain of F2 rats through PND 90 were similar across treatment groups. Mean relative heart weights of males derived from high-dose F0 parens were significantly lower compared with F2 controls. Sperm motility and concentration analysis of F2 males at PND 90 were similar across F2 groups. Overall, the consistent absence of positive findings in this study seems to suggest that DU is not a significant reproductive or developmental hazard, particularly when one considers that mid- and high-dose rats were implanted with the equivalent of 0.3 and 0.5 lb of DU in a 70-kg human, respectively. However, the findings that seven of eight F1 adults that died postweaning were from DU-implanted F0 mating pairs, and that mean relative heart weights were elevated in high-dose F1 and F2 pups, suggest conservatism is warranted in characterizing the reproductive and teratogenic hazards of embedded DU until further studies are completed. C1 [Arfsten, D. P.] USN, Air Stn Jacksonville, Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Still, K. R.; Wilfong, E. R.; Johnson, E. W.; McInturf, S. M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Eggers, J. S.] Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Bekkedal, M. Y. -V.] Dept Hlth & Family Serv, State Wiscosin Bureau Environm Hlth, Madison, WI USA. [Schaeffer, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Air Stn Jacksonville, Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil FU U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA), Fort Detrick, MD FX This work was made possible by a grant from the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA), 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5014. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policy of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, the U. S. government, or the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. We thank Dr. David E. McClain (Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute) and his staff for providing training on DU pellet implantation to NHRC scientists. We also thank the following personnel for providing technical assistance with the tests and assays described in this article: James E. Miller (HM1), Mila C. Lopez (HM1), Bethany L. Stelle (HM2), Christopher M. Fike (HM2), Angie R. Thitoff, Anne E. Jung, and Dr. Scott R. Lohrke. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 410 EP 427 AR PII 908546018 DI 10.1080/15287390802647344 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 404HX UT WOS:000263143500007 PM 19199148 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Alderton, DL Farmer, WL Highfill-McRoy, R AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Alderton, David L. Farmer, William L. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn TI Risk Factors for Misconduct in a Navy Sample SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIRSCHIS GENERAL-THEORY; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE USE; SELF-CONTROL; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; SENSATION SEEKING; CRIME; CHILDHOOD; ADOLESCENCE; IMPULSIVITY AB Understanding antisocial behavior and organizational misconduct is an important objective, because these maladaptive behaviors are disruptive and costly to organizations and to society as a whole. The objective of this study was to identify psychosocial risk factors for misconduct and antisocial behavior in a sample of Navy personnel. A group of sailors (n = 158) who had engaged in significant misconduct were compared with a demographically similar group of sailors (n = 288) who had not engaged in misconduct and who were in good standing with the Navy. The psychosocial variables that emerged as the most important risk factors for antisocial behavior were alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42), high impulsivity (OR = 2.20), high trait hostility (OR = 1.79), and antisocial behavior of friends (OR = 1.65). The implications of these results for the military and for research on antisocial behavior are discussed. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie; Larson, Gerald E.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie.kewley@med.navy.mil NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 252 EP 269 AR PII 910065845 DI 10.1080/08995600902768776 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 427AR UT WOS:000264752400008 ER PT J AU Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS Stander, VA Merrill, LL AF Crouch, Julie L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Milner, Joel S. Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. TI Heterosexual Intimate Partner Violence among Navy Personnel: Gender Differences in Incidence and Consequences SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; PERPETRATION; CONFLICT; SCALES AB This study examined the incidence and consequences of receipt of intimate partner violence (IPV) as reported by 1,035 (576 female and 459 male) Navy personnel during their second year of service. Overall, 21.1% of respondents reported that they had been victims of some form of IPV during their second year of service, of which 10.5% of respondents experienced moderate IPV only and 10.6% experienced severe (with or without moderate) IPV. Women reported experiencing higher rates of moderate IPV only (12.2 vs. 8.2% of men), whereas men reported higher rates of severe IPV (16.7 vs. 6.2% of women). With regard to injury, slightly more female (54%) than male (45%) IPV victims reported one or more forms of injury. Male victims, compared with female victims, were more likely to report that they were restraining their partner or had touched their partner in a sexual way prior to their partners' violence. After controlling for pre-military levels of trauma symptoms, women with past-year experiences of IPV, compared with those with no past-year IPV, had significantly higher levels of all 10 types of trauma symptoms assessed; for men, IPV was associated with significantly higher scores on all trauma symptom scales except for those related to sexual concerns/behaviors. C1 [Crouch, Julie L.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Stander, Valerie A.; Merrill, Lex L.] USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crouch, JL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM jcrouch@niu.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 SU 2 BP S1 EP S15 DI 10.1080/08995600903249065 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 557AL UT WOS:000274639700001 ER PT J AU Wallace, D White, D Davidson, K AF Wallace, Daniel White, Dennis Davidson, Karole TI Warfighter Inclusion in System Development: The Operational Perspective in Defining Design Requirements SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Human systems integration (HSI) is integral to any comprehensive system engineering process. HSI is defined by the International Conference on System Engineering as "interdisciplinary technical and management processes for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements; an essential enabler to systems engineering practice." But how does one accomplish this interdisciplinary integration? This paper highlights the essential role of the warfighter as an overarching elicitor and integrator of system requirements, and how to effectively exploit this crucial resource. All complex systems are developed to be used and maintained in a specific operational environment by a trained user. It is therefore imperative that the unique operational perspectives of those users are made part of the design and development process. There are several key opportunities within the acquisition process where qualified, representative users play a significant role in refining the system's requirements and defining how the total system will perform. Active participation from the warfighter and user community in the design process will aid in identifying issues early enough to make a meaningful influence on design, fosters warfighter acceptance of the system, reduces the risks associated with warfighter alterations to system configurations, and validates total system performance using human in the loop evaluations. C1 [Wallace, Daniel; Davidson, Karole] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Washington, DC USA. [White, Dennis] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgrens HSI Branch, Washington, DC USA. NAVSEA 05H, Naval Sea Syst Commands Human Syst Integrat & War, Washington, DC USA. RP Wallace, D (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2009.01139.x PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 431QG UT WOS:000265077300003 ER PT S AU DelBalzo, DR Klicka, J AF DelBalzo, Donald R. Klicka, Joseph GP IEEE TI Uncertainty-based Adaptive AXBT Sampling with SPOTS SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Naval operations continue to evolve toward Littoral Warfare as military action shifts to regional conflicts. To accomplish this evolution, new navigation, sensor, and data-analysis capabilities are needed to support operations in the highly variable and complicated near-shore waters of the littoral environment. Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) is often conducted in shallow-water areas, where subsurface enemies pose a constant threat, and where knowledge of ocean thermal data is critical, but lacking. Planning operations in these harsh-environment areas is difficult because accurate predictions of sensor performance depend on detailed knowledge of the local conditions. Tactical mission planning is thus seldom optimal or efficient, often resulting in coverage gaps and increased risk. The Naval Air Systems Command has recently been exploring new environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize the littoral environment. Most designs contain a thermistor string, to measure ocean temperatures, and other environmental sensors. This type of sonobuoy, with a complex set of sensors, would be more expensive than a traditional AXBT but it could provide a more thorough littoral environment assessment. The increased cost implies the need for an Environmental Decision Aid to determine the minimum number and best locations for sensors to meet performance objectives. The work reported here concerns the development and evaluation of Sensor Placement for Optimal Temperature Sampling (SPOTS), which addresses these sampling requirements. The SPOTS process follows the following steps: 1) divide the area of interest into cells with varying volumes of water; 2) estimate the volume-weighted uncertainty of temperatures and the local anisotropic temperature covariance in each cell, based on current optimal interpolation nowcasts; 3) calculate the overall volume-weighted reduction in temperature uncertainty that would result from various sampling patterns; and 4) choose the pattern with the lowest uncertainty. This uncertainty-based approach leads to sampling patterns that produce the highest accuracy temperature characterizations. SPOTS employs three innovations: 1) analysis of remotely-sensed data, confirmed with a numerical model, when needed; 2) adapting the covariance ellipse axes automatically to the predominant coastline features; and 3) using depth-weighted and volume-weighted uncertainty where the depth-dependent uncertainty and volume of water in a cell is considered in the optimization process. SPOTS uses an optimal interpolation technique that weights all input data by their uncertainties and provides uncertainty estimates for the output. That is a significant advantage over other interpolation schemes. Horizontal/vertical smoothing routines remove large discontinuities and produce the final "nowcast." As a result of these innovations, SPOTS sampling recommendations emphasize the upper water column, where most of the dynamic effects occur, and where acoustic variability is greatest. Data from several water-sampling flights in the Sea of Japan off the east coast of Korea were used to develop SPOTS. Approximately 44 AXBTs were dropped on a 15-min grid during each flight. Ten combinations of these AXBT measurements, ranging from three to all of the measurements, were assimilated into the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS). The climatology alone and climatology with assimilated satellite sea surface temperatures brought the number of cases to twelve. These were analyzed to determine the relationship between nowcast accuracy and the number (and placement) of assimilated in-situ measurements. The sub-sampled nowcast estimates were compared with the measured temperatures and reported as RMS temperature errors. The results show that: 1) a small number of well-placed measurements outperforms a larger number of gridded measurements; 2) a small number of poorly-placed measurements can significantly degrade a nowcast; and 3) approximately 3-5 measurements per 10,000 nmi(2) are required to reduce RMS temperature errors by 50% compared to climatology. C1 [DelBalzo, Donald R.] QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Klicka, Joseph] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command FX This work was funded by the Naval Air Systems Command. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1162 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600171 ER PT S AU DelBalzo, DR Klicka, J AF DelBalzo, Donald R. Klicka, Joseph GP IEEE TI Potential Impact of Long-Life Environmental Sonobuoys on Littoral ASW SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The focus of military activity has recently shifted from large area engagements to regional conflicts. Consequently, supportive Naval maritime operations have continued to evolve toward littoral warfare in complicated shallow-water, near-shore environments. This evolution requires new sensors, advanced Concept of Operations, and improved data-analysis capabilities, among others. Planning operations in these harsh-environment areas is difficult because accurate predictions of tactical sensor performance depend on detailed knowledge of the local environmental conditions. Tactical mission planning is thus seldom optimal or efficient, often resulting in coverage gaps, increased risk, and reduced mission success. According to a Navy Mission Need Statement, "Air ASW tactical execution, especially in littoral seas, requires in-situ environmental updates for preflight mission planning. In the conduct of ASW operations, an urgent need for explicit knowledge of environmental variables is required to optimize the effectiveness of operational acoustic sensors, as well as acoustic sensors in development." The Naval Air Systems Command has considered extended-life environmental sonobuoy concepts to better characterize the littoral environment. Most designs contain a thermistor string to measure ocean temperatures and also hydrophones to measure ambient noise. This type of complex sonobuoy would be more expensive than a traditional single-measurement AXBT but it could provide a more thorough littoral environment assessment. This " paper examines the trade-off between increased sensor complexity and improved ASW performance, in terms of cumulative detection probability. Some advantages of an extended-life combined thermistor string/hydrophone approach, compared to AXBTs and tactical hydrophones, are: 1) higher accuracy of the raw data; 2) temporal averaging to smooth out fluctuations; 3) extended area coverage during drift; 4) less chance for surface temperature anomalies (e.g., mixed-layer-depth errors) caused by various electronic and mechanical variability upon impact; 5) opportunities to discover thermal and acoustic feature boundaries during drift; and 6) less need to re-seed thus allowing longer tactical mission times. These advantages are evaluated relative to the following disadvantages: 1) increased cost; 2) potential drift outside the mission area; and 3) need for increased battery life for longer durations. The analysis is tempered by considering how a potential new system might be used. One assumption is that an environmental sampling decision aid is available to determine the minimum number and best initial locations of drifting sensors to meet performance objectives. The November 2007 Requirements Document from the Naval Oceanographic Office states "Sampling guidance: Development of guidance on the hest way to deploy, spatially and temporally, observation systems in order to meet various forecasting, model assimilation, and model evaluation objectives is needed." Work in this area is reported in this Oceans '09 Conference in a paper entitled "Uncertainty-based Adaptive AXBT Sampling with SPOTS", which addresses optimal sampling requirements. For this trade-off analysis, temperature data from watersampling flights in the Sea of Japan off the east coast of Korea were used to simulate expected capability of a long-term drifting thermistor string. Then optimal initial positions for three notional buoys were determined followed by a simulation of drifting positions and data collected over 12 days. Ocean nowcasts were constructed and used to determine acoustic performance of a notional tactical sonobuoy field. The analysis shows that a drifting extended-life thermistor string can provide significant improvement in environmental characterization, tactical planning, and ASW detection performance. C1 [DelBalzo, Donald R.] QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Klicka, Joseph] Naval Air Syst Command, PMA 264, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), QinetiQ North Amer, Technol Solut Grp, 40201 Hwy 190 E, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command FX This on-going work was sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1424 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600208 ER PT S AU Armstrong, B Pentzer, J Odell, D Bean, T Canning, J Pugsley, D Frenzel, J Anderson, M Edwards, D AF Armstrong, Benjamin Pentzer, Jesse Odell, Douglas Bean, Thomas Canning, John Pugsley, Donald Frenzel, James Anderson, Michael Edwards, Dean GP IEEE TI Field Measurement of Surface Ship Magnetic Signature Using Multiple AUVs SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB An effort has been initiated to develop a portable system capable of measuring the magnetic signature of a surface ship. The system will employ a formation of multiple AUVs, each equipped with a magnetometer. The objective is to measure total magnetic field at specified locations relative to the surface ship. In the first step of system development, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) has been equipped with a tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer and used to perform preliminary magnetic field measurements. Measurements of this type will be used to calibrate an individual AUV/magnetometer system. Initial measurements appear to meet necessary measurement requirements on noise floor as the standard deviation of the indicated total magnetic field was observed to be 21nT while the AUV proceeded on a straight, level path. Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) are being developed for on-board AUV navigation and post-processing a best estimate for AUV vehicle position. Navigation experiments were conducted to evaluate AUV navigation and position estimation. In these experiments, an independent high-accuracy topside-track system was used to provide groud-truth for comparison. The average error in the on-board estimated position of the AUV used for navigation was 1.84m. The post processing EKF was designed to use all available sensor data. This EKF had an average position error of 0.74m when compared to the ground-truth. Overall, the AUV was able to navigate to an average distance of 1.95m from its desired waypoint track. C1 [Armstrong, Benjamin; Pentzer, Jesse; Bean, Thomas; Canning, John; Frenzel, James; Anderson, Michael; Edwards, Dean] Univ Idaho, Ctr Intelligent Syst Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Odell, Douglas] Acoust Res Detachment, Bayview, ID 83803 USA. [Pugsley, Donald] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Armstrong, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Intelligent Syst Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, through "Electromagnetic Signature Assessment System Using Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)" [ONR N00014-08-1-0779] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research, through Electromagnetic Signature Assessment System Using Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), ONR N00014-08-1-0779. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1785 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600260 ER PT S AU Mullen, L Laux, A Cochenour, B McBride, W AF Mullen, L. Laux, A. Cochenour, B. McBride, W. GP IEEE TI Extended Range Underwater Imaging using a Time Varying Intensity (TVI) Approach SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB A system based on the time-varying intensity (TVI) approach was built in the early 1970's at the Scripps Visibility Laboratory and experimental data collected by this prototype system showed an imaging capability of between 15 and 20 attenuation lengths at 640 nm. Researchers at the Naval Air Systems Command have developed an updated version of this original system with state-of-the-art components. This new TVI system uses a modulated laser illuminator to convey information about the scan to the distant receiver instead of using a separate optical trigger as was used in the original system. Laboratory water tank experiments were conducted with a prototype modulated TVI system to evaluate the effect of system and environmental variables on the system performance. In parallel with the experiments, an interactive computer simulation was developed to help evaluate the effect of the many variables on the TVI performance. Results from experiments and simulations will be discussed and compared. C1 [Mullen, L.; Laux, A.; Cochenour, B.] USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [McBride, W.] QinetiQ North America, MSAAP, Planning Syst Incorp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2231 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601054 ER PT J AU Lin, YM Gupta, MC Taylor, RE Lei, C Stone, W Spidel, T Yu, M Williams, R AF Lin, Yaomin Gupta, Mool C. Taylor, Robert E. Lei, Charles Stone, William Spidel, Tom Yu, Michael Williams, Reanne TI Nanosecond pulsed laser micromachining for experimental fatigue life study of Ti-3Al-2.5V tubes SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nanosecond pulsed laser; Laser micromachining; Fatigue life; Ti-3Al-2.5V; Notch ID GROWTH; INITIATION; CRACKS AB Defects on external Surface of in-service hydraulic tubes can reduce total life cycles for operation. Evaluation of fatigue life of the tubes with damage is thus critical for safety reasons. A methodology of generating defects in the Ti-3Al-2.5V tube-a widely used pipeline in hydraulic systems of aircrafts-using nanosecond pulsed laser for experimental fatigue life study is described in this paper. Straight tubes of five different sizes were laser micromachined to generate notches of given length and depths on the outside Surface. Approaches were developed to precisely control the notch dimensions. The laser-notched tubes were tested with cyclic internal impulse pressure and fatigue life was measured, The laser notches and fatigue cracks were characterized after the test. It is concluded that laser micromachining generated consistent notches, and the influence of notch depth on fatigue life of the tube is significant. Based on the experimental test results, the relationship between the fatigue life of the Ti-3Al-2.5V tube and the notch depth was revealed. The research demonstrated that laser micromachining is applicable for experimental fatigue life study of titanium tubes. The presented test data are useful for estimating the damage limits of the titanium tubes in service environment and for further theoretical studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Yaomin; Gupta, Mool C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lin, Yaomin] Alfred E Mann Fdn Sci Res, Santa Clara, CA 91355 USA. [Taylor, Robert E.; Lei, Charles; Stone, William; Spidel, Tom; Yu, Michael; Williams, Reanne] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Gupta, MC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Thornton Hall,351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mgupta@virginia.edu OI Lin, Yaomin/0000-0002-6509-308X FU NAVAIR; NSF I/UCRC Laser Center FX Financial Support from NAVAIR and NSF I/UCRC Laser Center are gratefully acknowledged. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2008.07.008 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386WS UT WOS:000261913900018 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Cash, JJ Yandek, GR AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Cash, Jessica J. Yandek, Gregory R. BE Celina, MC Wiggins, JS Billingham, NC TI New Cyanate Ester and Poly(p-phenylene) Resins with Low-Moisture Absorption and Improved Thermal Stability SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND PERFORMANCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Performance Degradation and Materials Selection held at the ACS Spring Meeting CY MAR, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc AB New cyanate ester and poly-p-phenylene (P3) resin materials that exhibit significantly reduced moisture absorption while maintaining thermal stability have been developed and their key properties investigated. The replacement of a single carbon atom by a silicon atom in the repeat unit chemical structure of the di(cyanate ester) of Bisphenol A (BADCy) resulted in a new silicon-containing resin (SiMCy) with a 50% reduction in water uptake and higher char yields in air after curing. Thermosetting Navy P3 resins were found to exhibit moisture uptake similar to poly-p-phenylene thermoplastics, a level which is about 85% lower than thermosetting polyimides. Like their thermoplastic counterparts, the Navy P3 resins exhibit outstanding resistance to high temperature degradation. Unlike their thermoplastic counterparts, these resins form low viscosity melts that are easily formed into carbon fiber reinforced composites. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Petteys, Brian J.; Cash, Jessica J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6978-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1004 BP 198 EP 208 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BQE85 UT WOS:000280805100017 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Alexander, DJ Faucett, DC AF Choi, Sung R. Alexander, Donald J. Faucett, David C. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE VS STATIC INDENTATION DAMAGE IN AN OXIDE/OXIDE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; IMPACT; SURFACES; AMBIENT; SPHERES AB Static indentation was conducted using an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with 1 59 mm diameter steel balls Surface morphology and cross sections of indents were characterized and compared with those of dynamic impact sites Many similar features were in common, such as deformation, densification, and the mode of damage generation, despite some difference in seventy of those variables Impact force subjected to foreign object damage testing was estimated by using the static indentation data to determine at least a first order of approximation C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Alexander, Donald J.; Faucett, David C.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40845-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 203 BP 171 EP 180 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSU33 UT WOS:000285825100016 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Kritz-Silverstein, D Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF AF Smith, Tyler C. Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI PTSD Prevalence, Associated Exposures, and Functional Health Outcomes in a Large, Population-Based Military Cohort SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; III-R CRITERIA; DSM-III; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; GULF-WAR; VIETNAM VETERANS; LONGITUDINAL COURSE; COMBAT EXPOSURE; RAPE VICTIMS AB Objectives. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic, life-threatening events including combat-related experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and diagnosis, self-reported exposures, and functional health in a large cross-section of the U.S. military. Methods. This study used baseline Millennium Cohort data (July 2001 to June 2003) of 75,156 U.S. military members to assess the population-based prevalence of PTSD symptoms, self-reported exposures, and functional health as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V). Results. PTSD diagnosis without current symptoms was reported by 953 respondents (1.2%, weighted), 1,490 respondents (2.1%, weighted) reported no diagnosis but reported PTSD symptoms, and 287 respondents (0.4%, weighted) reported diagnosis and current symptoms. Self-reported exposure to chemical or biological warfare agents, protective countermeasures, or hearing alarms were associated with PTSD symptoms independent of other combat-like exposures. Physical health was similar among those with PTSD diagnosis and current PTSD symptoms. However, compared with the overall cohort, lower mental health summary means; for those reporting current PTSD symptoms (mean = 27.8), current symptoms and diagnosis (mean = 24.6), and diagnosis without current symptoms (mean = 47.5) were found. Conclusions. Results suggest a 2.0% prevalence of PTSD symptoms without diagnosis and that self-reported threatening exposures were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Mental and physical health scores of those with current PTSD symptoms appear diminished, but suggest a return to cohort levels with resolution of PTSD symptoms. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Wingard, Deborah L.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil FU Naval Health Research Center [07-040]; DoD [60002] FX This article represents Naval Health Research Center report 07-040, supported by the DoD, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, DoD, Department of Veterans Affairs, the U.S. Government, or the University of California San Diego. NR 72 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 11 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 124 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 385NI UT WOS:000261820500013 PM 19413031 ER PT S AU Tasker, DG Whitley, VH Lee, RJ AF Tasker, D. G. Whitley, V. H. Lee, R. J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS IN EXPLOSIVES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE SDT; electric field; magnetic field; plasma; explosives; EMV; PDV ID DETONATION-GENERATED PLASMAS; COHESION AB Present and previous research on the effects of electromagnetic fields on the initiation and detonation of explosives and the electromagnetic properties of explosives are reviewed. Among the topics related to detonating explosives are: enhancement of performance; and control of initiation and growth of reaction. Two series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of 1-T magnetic fields on explosive initiation and growth in the modified gap test and on the propagation of explosively generated plasma into air. The results have implications for the control of reactions in explosives and for the use of electromagnetic particle velocity gauges. C1 [Tasker, D. G.; Whitley, V. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J566, MS J566, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, R. J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Los Alamos 20640, MD USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J566, MS J566, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Los Alamos National Laboratory [LA-UR 09-03079] FX This work was funded in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for which the authors are grateful. They also acknowledge many helpful discussions and experimental assistance from Dr. Chris Boswell, NSWC Indian Head; and thank Dennis Herrera, David Torres, John Echave, Steven Hare, Matthew Briggs, and Michael Shinas, all of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, for their experimental assistance. LA-UR 09-03079. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100078 ER PT S AU Piecuch, SR Koch, JD Lightstone, JM Carney, JR AF Piecuch, S. R. Koch, J. D. Lightstone, J. M. Carney, J. R. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI A FAST NIR EMISSION SPECTROMETER FOR EXAMINING EXPLOSIVE EVENTS: EMISSION SPECTRA OF PETN EXPLOSIONS CONTAINING SILVER AND ALUMINUM SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Spectroscopy; detonation; combustion; aluminum ID DETONATION; COMBUSTION AB A fast Near-Infrared (NIR) spectrometer was constructed to make temporally and spectrally resolved emission measurements during post-detonation combustion of pure pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) charges and PETN charges doped with 10% (by mass) Ag and Al microparticles. The post-detonation spectra are observed between 750 nm and 1500 nm at rates up to 46,992-spectra/sec, and key features are identified. Immediately following break-out of the detonation, all measured spectra are highly structured due to atomic and molecular emission. This emission decays within the first 40 mu s following break-out and is found to have lifetimes similar to that of emission from various species collected in the visible (390-600 nm) by a time-resolved streak spectrometer. For the particle-doped charges, broadband NIR emission signals can be used to determine time-resolved gray-body temperatures of the particles. At early time (0-40 mu s after breakout) gray-body temperatures in the range of 3000 to 4500 K are measured, between 60 mu s and 350 mu s after breakout the particle temperature is found to cool significantly to the range of 1200 K to 1800 K. Complementary two-color pyrometry (800 and 1150 nm) temperature measurements are found to be in fair agreement with early time data (0-25 mu s). C1 [Piecuch, S. R.; Koch, J. D.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Lightstone, J. M.; Carney, J. R.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Piecuch, SR (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research FX Funding was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. We thank Mr. Robert N. Hay of Indian Head for his efforts as our energetics technician. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 1297 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100306 ER PT J AU Davis, M AF Davis, Matthew C. TI Convenient Preparation of Hydroxymethyl-Substituted Diaminodiphenyloxybenzenes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Borane; diamine; polyimide; SNAr ID DIARYL ETHERS; POLYIMIDES; REDUCTION; POLYAMIDE; ACID AB Two hydroxymethyl-substituted monomers of diaminodiphenyloxybenzene were synthesized in three or four steps in 95% and 74% overall yields, respectively. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Code 4L4200D,1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Army Research Laboratory FX The generous financial support from the Army Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Mses. Ann M. Moorehead, Cynthia M. Kitchens, and the staff of the NAWC Technical Library (China Lake) for obtaining references 1, 7, and 22. Special thanks to Dr. Yusuke Tajima (RIKEN, Wako Japan) for translating a portion of his patent. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 654 EP 663 AR PII 908208632 DI 10.1080/00397910802419714 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 400HS UT WOS:000262859200010 ER PT J AU McWhorter, SK Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS AF McWhorter, Stephanie K. Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Milner, Joel S. TI Reports of Rape Reperpetration by Newly Enlisted Male Navy Personnel SO VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS LA English DT Article DE sexual assault; longitudinal study; perpetrator AB This study examined the frequency and characteristics of repeated attempted and completed rape (ACR) incidents reported by newly enlisted male navy personnel (N = 1,146) who participated in a longitudinal study during the transition from civilian to military life. Overall, 13% (n = 144) reported engaging in sexual behavior that approximates legal definitions of ACR since the age of 14. Among those men, most (71%) reperpetrated ACR incidents (M = 6.36, SD = 9.55). Demographic variables were unrelated to perpetration history. Regardless of time period, respondents reported perpetrating primarily completed rather than attempted rape, perpetrating multiple ACR incidents rather than a single incident, using substances to incapacitate victims more frequently than force, and knowing their victim rather than targeting a stranger in completed rape incidents. C1 [McWhorter, Stephanie K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP McWhorter, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stephanie.mcwhorter@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0886-6708 J9 VIOLENCE VICTIMS JI Violence Vict. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 204 EP 218 DI 10.1891/0886-6708.24.2.204 PG 15 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA V18ET UT WOS:000207988800006 PM 19459400 ER PT J AU Landwehr, SE Hilmas, GE Fahrenholtz, WG Talmy, IG DiPietro, SG AF Landwehr, Sean E. Hilmas, Gregory E. Fahrenholtz, William G. Talmy, Inna G. DiPietro, Stephen G. TI Microstructure and mechanical characterization of ZrC-Mo cermets produced by hot isostatic pressing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Hot isostatic pressing; Zirconium carbide; Molybdenum; Cermet; Mechanical properties ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ZIRCONIUM CARBIDE; 2-PHASE ALLOYS; FRACTURE; TZM; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH AB Microstructure analysis and mechanical characterization were performed on ZrC-Mo composites with 20, 30, and 40 vol% Mo produced by hot isostatic pressing. The composites reached >98% relative density after processing at 1800 degrees C and 200 MPa for 1 h. The ZrC grain size was similar to 1-2 mu m after densification. The Mo appeared to form clusters that increased in size from 15 to 54 pm with increasing Mo content. Analysis of mechanical property data indicated that the Mo clusters acted as the critical flaws during fracture. Hardness decreased from similar to 17 to similar to 8GPa with increasing Mo content, and was related to the effective hardness of each of the constituent materials. The elastic moduli also decreased with Mo additions from 392 GPa (corrected for porosity) to similar to 380 GPa. Flexure strength and fracture toughness increased with increasing Mo content from 320 to 480 MPa and 1.0 to 6.6 MPa root m, respectively. The elastic moduli, flexure strength, and fracture toughness were all found to follow a volumetric rule of mixtures. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Landwehr, Sean E.; Hilmas, Gregory E.; Fahrenholtz, William G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Talmy, Inna G.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ceram Sci Grp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [DiPietro, Stephen G.] Exothermics Inc, Amherst, NH 03031 USA. RP Hilmas, GE (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ghilmas@mst.edu OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 497 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.07.017 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 388QC UT WOS:000262033300012 ER PT J AU Choi, SR AF Choi, Sung R. TI Foreign object damage behavior in a silicon nitride ceramic by spherical projectiles of steels and brass SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Foreign object damage (FOD); Impact damage; Silicon nitride ceramic; Metallic projectiles; Post-impact strength; Impact test; Mechanical tests ID STRENGTH DEGRADATION; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRUCTURAL CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB Assessments of foreign object damage (FOD) of a commercial, gas-turbine grade, in situ toughened silicon nitride ceramic (AS800) were made using different projectile materials at ambient temperature. AS800 flexure target specimens rigidly supported were impacted at their centers in a velocity range from 100 to 450 m/s by spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1.59 mm. Three different projectile materials were used including hardened steel, annealed steel, and brass. Post-impact strength of each target specimen impacted was determined as a function of impact velocity to appraise the severity of local impact damage. For a given impact velocity, the extent of FOD was greatest for hardened steel projectiles, least for brass projectiles, and intermediate for annealed steel projectiles. The key material parameter affecting FOD the most was identified as the hardness (or yield stress) of projectile materials. Prediction of impact force as a function of impact velocity for each projectile material was made based on a quasi-static plastic model incorporated with the average 'contact yield pressure' determined from static indentation testing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The author would like to acknowledge the support of Office of Naval Research. Experiments were conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland OH. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 497 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.06.041 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 388QC UT WOS:000262033300023 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Bell, NS AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Bell, Nicole S. TI Military Combat Deployment and Alcohol Use Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDATION C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Bell, Nicole S.] Social Sectors Dev Strategies, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM isabel.jacobson@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 22 BP 2607 EP 2607 DI 10.1001/jama.2008.765 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 380YW UT WOS:000261503000014 ER PT J AU Smith, B Ryan, MAK Wingard, DL Patterson, TL Slymen, DJ Macera, CA AF Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. Wingard, Deborah L. Patterson, Thomas L. Slymen, Donald J. Macera, Caroline A. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Cigarette Smoking and Military Deployment A Prospective Evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; US MILITARY; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; WOMEN; MEN; PERSONNEL; SERVICE; TOBACCO; CANCER AB Background: The stress of military deployment may compound Occupational stress experienced in the military and manifest in maladaptive coping behaviors such as cigarette smoking. The current study describes new smoking among never-smokers, smoking recidivism among past smokers, and change in daily smoking among smokers in relation to military deployment. Methods: The Millennium Cohort is a 21-year longitudinal study. The current analysis utilized participants (N=48,304) who submitted baseline data (July 2001-June 2003) before the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and follow-up data (June 2004-January 2006) oil health measures. New smoking was identified among baseline never smokers, smoking recidivism among baseline past smokers, and increased or decreased daily smoking among baseline smokers. Analyses were conducted March 2007-April 2007. Results: Among never-smokers, smoking initiation was identified in 1.3% of nondeployers and 2.3% of deployers. Among past smokers, smoking resumption occurred in 28.7% of nondeployers and 39.4% of those who deployed. Smoking increased 44% among nondeployers and 57% among deployers. Those who deployed and reported combat exposures were at 1.6 times greater odds of initiating smoking among baseline never-smokers (95% CI=1.2, 2.3) and at 1.3 times greater odds of resuming smoking among baseline past smokers when compared to those who did not report combat exposures. Other deployment factors independently associated with postdeployment smoking recidivism included deploying for >9 months and deploying multiple times. Among those who smoked at baseline, deployment was not associated with changes in daily amount smoked. Conclusions: Military deployment is associated with smoking initiation and, more strongly, with smoking recidivism, particularly among those with prolonged deployments, multiple deployments, or combat exposures. Prevention programs should focus on the prevention of smoking relapse during or after deployment. C1 [Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Patterson, Thomas L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Wingard, Deborah L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM besa.smith@med.navy.mil NR 37 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.07.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 375ON UT WOS:000261123300001 PM 18842388 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Wierzba, TF Touch, S Sokhal, B Kasper, MR Williams, M Burgess, TH Putnam, SD AF Blair, Patrick J. Wierzba, Thomas F. Touch, Sok Sokhal, Buth Kasper, Matthew R. Williams, Maya Burgess, Timothy H. Putnam, Shannon D. TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE UNDIFFERENTIATED FEBRILE ILLNESS IN CAMBODIA IN 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Wierzba, Thomas F.] NAMRU, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Touch, Sok] Dept Communicable Dis Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Sokhal, Buth] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Kasper, Matthew R.; Williams, Maya; Burgess, Timothy H.; Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Med Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 426 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644600426 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Wierzba, TF Touch, S Vonthanak, S Garten, RJ Xu, XX Klimov, AI Putnam, SD AF Blair, Patrick J. Wierzba, Thomas F. Touch, Sok Vonthanak, Saphonn Garten, Rebecca J. Xu, Xiyan X. Klimov, Alexander I. Putnam, Shannon D. TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS ENROLLED IN A HOSPITAL-BASED FEBRILE SURVEILLANCE STUDY IN CAMBODIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Wierzba, Thomas F.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Touch, Sok] Communicable Dis Control Dept, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Vonthanak, Saphonn] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Garten, Rebecca J.; Xu, Xiyan X.; Klimov, Alexander I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 802 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601167 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Hess, DM Cash, JJ AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Hess, David M. Cash, Jessica J. TI Morphology development in photopolymerization-induced phase separated mixtures of UV-curable thiol-ene adhesive and low molecular weight solvents SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Photopolymerization-induced phase separation; Thiol-ene; Morphology ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTAL; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; BLENDS; DECOMPOSITION; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; SYSTEM; GLYCOL; WATER AB The influence of photopolymerization rate, solvent quality, and processing parameters on the photopolymerization-induced phase separated morphology of mixtures of thiol-ene based optical adhesive with mixed solvents of diglyme and water or acetone and isopropanol is described. Upon exposure to UV radiation (similar to 50 mW/cm(2), 365 nm) for periods of 10-90 s, homogeneous Solutions of 5-10 wt% NOA65 and NOA81 adhesive formed phase separated structures with characteristic sizes ranging from 400 nm to 10 mu m, with increased photopolymerization rates leading to smaller feature sizes. In the systems containing diglyme and water, morphologies formed by phase separation at a lower degree of photopolymerization were characteristic of spinodal decomposition, while morphologies formed by phase separation at a higher degree of photo polymerization exhibited characteristics of viscoelastic phase separation. In the systems containing acetone and isopropanol, interactions between evaporation and photopolymerization-induced phase separation led to the development of more complicated morphologies, including three-dimensional sparse networks. These morphologies provide a combination of connectivity and low overall volume fraction that can significantly enhance the performance of many multi-functional structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Hess, David M.; Cash, Jessica J.] USN, Weap Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Weap Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society of Engineering Education FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Dan Mine of NAWCWD for providing the SEM images, as well as the Office of Naval Research for its support. DMH wishes to thank the American Society of Engineering Education for its support through the Naval Research Laboratory Post-Doctoral Fellowship program. The software for performing Fast Fourier Transforms was kindly supplied by Dr. H.-W. Chiu. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 24 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 25 BP 5533 EP 5540 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.10.005 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 380JU UT WOS:000261462800023 ER PT J AU Broderick, MP Hansen, CJ Russell, KL AF Broderick, Michael P. Hansen, Christian J. Russell, Kevin L. TI Exploration of the Effectiveness of Social Distancing on Respiratory Pathogen Transmission Implicates Environmental Contributions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY RECRUITS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; HOSPITAL SURFACES; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; POTENTIAL ROLE AB Background. In both military and civilian settings, transmission of respiratory pathogens may be due to person-to-person and environmental contributions. This possibility was explored in a military training setting, where rates of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) often reach epidemic levels. Methods. Population size and FRI rates were monitored over 10 months in the units of 50-90 individuals. Some units were open to the influx of potentially infectious convalescents (hereafter referred to as "open units," and some were closed to such an influx (hereafter referred to as "closed units"). Virologic testing and polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to detect adenovirus on surface structures. Results. The odds ratio (OR) associated with FRI in closed units, compared with open units, was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.28). The OR in units with a population greater than the median size, compared with units with a population lower than the median size was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.23-1.55). Between 5% and 9% of surface samples obtained from selected units harbored viable adenovirus. Conclusions. FRI rates were not reduced in units that were closed to potentially contagious individuals. These findings imply that the primary source of the pathogen is likely environmental rather than human, and they underscore what is known about other virus types. Diligence in identifying the relative roles of different transmission routes is suggested for civilian settings similar to those described in the current study. C1 [Broderick, Michael P.; Hansen, Christian J.; Russell, Kevin L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Broderick, MP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM michael.broderick@med.navy.mil NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 10 BP 1420 EP 1426 DI 10.1086/592711 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 366HW UT WOS:000260472400002 PM 18823270 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Smith, B Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Amoroso, PJ Hooper, TI Boyko, EJ AF Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Besa Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Amoroso, Paul J. Hooper, Tomoko I. Boyko, Edward J. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI RE: "PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES IN HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY MILITARY COHORTS: COMBAT DEPLOYMENT AND THE HEALTHY WARRIOR EFFECT" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; US MILITARY; AFGHANISTAN; SERVICE; IRAQ C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Dept Occupat Hlth, Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 1094 EP U11 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn262 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365BM UT WOS:000260380900020 PM 18775922 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Highfill-McRoy, RM Booth-Kewley, S AF Larson, Gerald E. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie TI RE: "PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES IN HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY MILITARY COHORTS: COMBAT DEPLOYMENT AND THE HEALTHY WARRIOR EFFECT REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ATTRITION; AFGHANISTAN; DUTY; IRAQ; CARE C1 [Larson, Gerald E.; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.; Booth-Kewley, Stephanie] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA USA. [Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA USA. EM Robyn.Highfill@med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 9 BP 1096 EP 1098 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn264 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 365BM UT WOS:000260380900022 ER PT J AU Wei, MY Garland, CF Gorham, ED Mohr, SB Giovannucci, E AF Wei, Melissa Y. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Mohr, Sharif B. Giovannucci, Edward TI Vitamin D and Prevention of Colorectal Adenoma: A Meta-analysis SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Review ID D-RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISM; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; A INTAKE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CANCER INCIDENCE; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; HIP FRACTURE; LARGE BOWEL AB Background: Vitamin D status is associated inversely with risk of colorectal cancer, but the association with adenoma risk is less clear. This meta-analysis examined the overall relationship between circulating (plasma or serum) 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D intake (dietary, supplemental, or total), and colorectal adenoma incidence in published studies. Methods: A meta-analysis composed of 17 epidemiologic studies [1 cross-sectional, 9 case-control, and 7 cohort or nested case-control studies; 7 on 25(OH)D and 12 on vitamin D intake] published before December 2007 was done to examine the association between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake, and colorectal adenomas. Summary Peto odds ratios (OR) were computed for overall and stratified analyses. Results: Circulating 25(OH)D was inversely associated with risk of colorectal adenomas: the OR was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (95% Cl), 0.56-0.87] for high versus low circulating 25(OH)D. The highest quintile of vitamin D intake was associated with an 11% marginally decreased risk of colorectal adenomas compared with low vitamin D intake (OR, 0.89; 95% Cl, 0.78-1.02). For recurrent adenomas, there was a decreased risk of 12% (95% Cl, 0.72-1.07) among individuals with high versus low vitamin D intake. The inverse associations appeared stronger for advanced adenoma [OR, 0.64; 95% Cl, 0.45-0.90 for serum 25(OH)D and OR, 0.77; 95% Cl, 0.63-0.95 for vitamin D intake], but the number of studies was small. Conclusions: Both circulating 25(OH)D and vitamin D intake were inversely associated with colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrent adenomas. These results further support a role of vitamin D in prevention of colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):2958-69) C1 [Wei, Melissa Y.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wei, Melissa Y.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wei, Melissa Y.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.; Mohr, Sharif B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gorham, Edward D.; Mohr, Sharif B.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Giovannucci, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM egiovann@hsph.havard.edu FU Congressional allocation to the Milton S. Hershey Cancer Center of the Pennsylvania State University, Hershey PA, through the Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [60126] FX Grant support: For Dr. Garland, research was supported in part by a Congressional allocation to the Milton S. Hershey Cancer Center of the Pennsylvania State University, Hershey PA, through the Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit No. 60126. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not represent an official position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 54 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2958 EP 2969 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0402 PG 12 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372IY UT WOS:000260896500010 PM 18990737 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Premilitary Adult Sexual Assault Victimization and Perpetration in a Navy Recruit Sample SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE sexual assault; victim; perpetrator; military ID RISK-FACTORS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCES SURVEY; NATIONAL SAMPLE; WOMEN; HEALTH; RAPE; AGGRESSION; PREVALENCE AB Female (n = 5,226) and male (n = 5,969) U. S. Navy recruits completed a survey assessing their premilitary histories of adult sexual assault (SA), defined as attempted or completed rape since the age of 14. The survey was completed under anonymous or identified conditions. Overall, 39% of women reported premilitary SA victimization and 13% of men admitted premilitary SA perpetration. As predicted, rates were significantly higher in the anonymous than in the identified condition. For the sample of women as a whole, marital status, ethnicity, and family income were associated with SA victimization; for men, only marital status was associated with SA perpetration. Compared to previous college samples, Navy recruits were more likely to have previous SA experience. Given the negative consequences associated with SA victimization and perpetration, the present study reinforces the desirability of developing additional treatment, education, and prevention programs to reduce the occurrence of SA among military recruits. C1 [Stander, Valerie A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Navy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Crouch, Julie L.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Navy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1636 EP 1653 DI 10.1177/0886260508314325 PG 18 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 358UB UT WOS:000259941900008 PM 18319371 ER PT J AU McInturf, SM Bekkedal, MYN Wilfong, E Arfsten, D Gunasekar, PG Chapman, GD AF McInturf, Shawn M. Bekkedal, Marni Y-N. Wilfong, Erin Arfsten, Darryl Gunasekar, Palur G. Chapman, Gail D. TI Neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungstate exposure on rats and their progeny SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neurodevelopmental toxicology; Learning and memory; Emotionality ID PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; DIABETIC-RATS; BEHAVIOR; NEVADA; MICE; DOG AB The use of tungsten as a replacement for lead and depleted uranium in munitions began in the mid 1990's. Recent reports demonstrate tungsten solubilizes in soil and can migrate into drinking water supplies and therefore is a potential health risk to humans. This study evaluated the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungstate in Sprague-Dawley rats following 70 days of daily pre- and postnatal exposure. Adult male and female rats were orally dosed with diH(2)O vehicle, 5 or 125 mg/kg/day of sodium tungstate through mating, gestation, and weaning (PND 0-20). Daily administration of sodium tungstate produced no overt evidence of toxicity and had no apparent effect on mating success or offspring physical development. Distress vocalizations were elevated in the highest dose group. There was no treatment related effect on righting reflex latencies, however, the males had significantly shorter latencies than the females. Locomotor activity was affected in both the low and high dose groups of F0 females. Those in the low dose group showed increased distance traveled, more time in ambulatory movements, and less time in stereotypic behavior than controls or high dose animals. The high dose group had more time in stereotypical movements than controls, and less time resting than controls and the lowest exposure group. Maternal retrieval was not affected by sodium tungstate exposure and there were no apparent effects of treatment on F1 acoustic startle response or water maze navigation. Overall, the results of this study suggest pre- and postnatal oral exposure to sodium tungstate may produce subtle neurobehavioral effects in offspring related to motor activity and emotionality. These findings warrant further investigation to characterize the neurotoxicity of sodium tungstate on dams and their developing pups. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McInturf, Shawn M.; Gunasekar, Palur G.; Chapman, Gail D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab NHRC EHEL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bekkedal, Marni Y-N.] Two Steps Forward LLC, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. [Wilfong, Erin] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arfsten, Darryl] USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Chapman, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab NHRC EHEL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gail.chapman@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Health Programs (DHP) reimbursable Work Unit [60768] FX This work was supported by Defense Health Programs (DHP) reimbursable Work Unit # 60768. The animals used in this study were handled in accordance with the principles stated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council, 1996, and the Animal Welfare Act of 1996, as amended. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from vivarium, WPAFB for animal facility. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Defense Health Program. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 30 IS 6 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.07.003 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 368TX UT WOS:000260646500001 PM 18675901 ER PT J AU Bukowinski, AT Ryan, MAK Slymen, DJ Sevick, CJ Alcaraz, JE Smith, TC AF Bukowinski, Anna T. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Slymen, Donald J. Sevick, Carter J. Alcaraz, John E. Smith, Tyler C. TI Haemangiomas and associated congenital malformations in a large population-based sample of infants SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haemangioma; genital anomalies; CNS defects; congenital malformations; maternal age; preterm delivery ID RIGHT AORTIC-ARCH; SUPRAUMBILICAL MIDABDOMINAL RAPHE; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA; CUTANEOUS HEMANGIOMAS; FOSSA MALFORMATIONS; ARTERIAL ANOMALIES; FACIAL HEMANGIOMA; EYE ABNORMALITIES; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Haemangiomas are common, benign, vascular tumours, observed in 4-12% of infants during the first year of life. Most cases progress without complication, yet a small proportion experience life-threatening complications. Concomitant congenital malformations have been reported in a small but significant proportion of haemangioma patients. This study aimed to describe haemangioma cases and to identify patterns of congenital malformations associated with these diagnoses in a large population. Diagnoses of haemangiomas and 21 congenital malformations were extracted from electronic medical records of 467 295 singleton infants born to US military families from 1998 to 2003. Cluster analysis was used to group cases according to these diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to further explore the associations of the 21 congenital malformations with the diagnosis of haemangioma and to assess the adjusted relationships between a number of characteristics of interest and diagnosis of haemangioma. Clusters found to be associated with haemangioma were characterised by anomalies of the cervix, vagina, and external female genitalia, anophthalmia or microphthalmia, hydrocephalus without spina bifida, and reduction deformities of the brain. Logistic regression identified three congenital malformations significantly associated with haemangioma diagnosis: spina bifida without anencephalus, hydrocephalus without spina bifida, and anomalies of the cervix, vagina and external female genitalia. Characteristics significantly associated with haemangioma included female gender, preterm birth, white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity and increasing maternal age. This exploratory study identified a number of important associations between haemangiomas and congenital malformations that may provide insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders and have possible implications for clinical care. C1 [Bukowinski, Anna T.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Sevick, Carter J.; Smith, Tyler C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.; Alcaraz, John E.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Bukowinski, AT (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM anna.bukowinski@med.navy.mil RI Bukowinski, Anna/A-7273-2010 FU DoD [60504] FX This represents Naval Health Research Center report 07-37, supported by the DoD, under work unit no. 60504. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, DoD, Department of Veterans Affairs, the US Government or San Diego State University. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC. 2001.0010). NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00957.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 357AH UT WOS:000259818200004 PM 19000289 ER PT J AU Drusina, N Mahapatra, R Abdul-Latif, A Baleh, R Wilhelm, C Stoyanov, P Es-Said, OS AF Drusina, N. Mahapatra, R. Abdul-Latif, A. Baleh, R. Wilhelm, C. Stoyanov, P. Es-Said, O. S. TI Microstructure analysis of aluminum alloy and copper alloy circular shells after multiaxial plastic buckling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE ACTP; aluminum and copper alloys; cylindrical shells; quasi-static and dynamic plastic buckling ID IMPACT ENERGY ABSORBERS; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; AXIAL IMPACT; COLLAPSE AB Aluminum and copper cylindrical shells were plastically buckled under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions with an Absorption Compression-Torsion Plasticity (ACTP: Patent No. WO 2005090822) combined mechanical testing device. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to study the microscopic evolutions in the mechanically buckled aluminum and copper alloy samples. Optical microscopy showed evidence of the presence of second-phase particles in both the aluminum and copper alloys samples. Under dynamic loading aluminum samples showed more energy absorption as compared to copper samples. Material flow lines were more pronounced in the copper samples when observed by optical microscopy. The evidence that supports the increased energy absorption in the aluminum cylindrical shells can be supported by the TEM analysis more than the optical microscopy analysis. The TEM results showed highly oriented textured morphology with the presence of few dislocation cells structures and sub-structures. C1 [Drusina, N.; Wilhelm, C.; Stoyanov, P.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Mahapatra, R.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Abdul-Latif, A.; Baleh, R.] Univ Paris 08, Lab Mecan Mat & Modelisat L3M, IUT Trembaly, Paris, France. RP Drusina, N (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s11665-008-9216-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 347LG UT WOS:000259142500020 ER PT J AU Holtzclaw, D Toscano, N AF Holtzclaw, Dan Toscano, Nicholas TI Speech Pattern Improvement Following Gingivectomy of Excess Palatal Tissue SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Case report; gingiva; gingivectomy; maxilla; palate; speech-language pathology ID CLEFT-PALATE; GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS; CONTACT; CHILDREN; ENLARGEMENT; OVERGROWTH; DISORDERS AB Background: Speech disruption secondary to excessive gingival tissue has received scant attention in periodontal literature. Although a few articles have addressed the causes of this condition, documentation and scientific explanation of treatment outcomes are virtually non-existent. This case report describes speech pattern improvements secondary to periodontal surgery and provides a concise review of linguistic and phonetic literature pertinent to the case. Methods: A 21-year-old white female with a history of gingival abscesses secondary to excessive palatal tissue presented for treatment. Bilateral gingivectomies of palatal tissues were performed with inverse bevel incisions extending distally from teeth #5 and #12 to the maxillary tuberosities, and large wedges of epithelium/connective tissue were excised. Results: Within the first month of the surgery, the patient noted "changes in the manner in which her tongue contacted the roof of her mouth "and "changes in her speech." Further anecdotal investigation revealed the patient's enunciation of sounds such as, "s," "sh," and "k" was greatly improved following the gingivectomy procedure. Conclusions: Palatometric research clearly demonstrates that the tongue has intimate contact with the lateral aspects of the posterior palate during speech. Gingival excess in this and other palatal locations has the potential to alter linguopalatal contact patterns and disrupt normal speech patterns. Surgical correction of this condition via excisional procedures may improve linguopalatal contact patterns which, in turn, may lead to improved patient speech. J Periodontol 2008;79:2006-2009. C1 [Holtzclaw, Dan] USN, Hosp Pensacola, Dept Periodont, Pensacola, FL USA. [Toscano, Nicholas] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Holtzclaw, D (reprint author), USN, Branch Hlth Clin, Naval Air Stn, 450 Turner St, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2006 EP 2009 DI 10.1902/jop.2008.080090 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 361QL UT WOS:000260142100024 PM 18834258 ER PT J AU Benguigui, N Broderick, MR Baures, R Amorim, MA AF Benguigui, Nicolas Broderick, Michael R. Baures, Robin Amorim, Michel-Ange TI Motion prediction and the velocity effect in children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-TO-CONTACT; COINCIDENCE-ANTICIPATION; IMPENDING COLLISION; INFORMATION; SPEED; BALL; EXTRAPOLATION; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES AB In coincidence-timing studies, children have been shown to respond too early to slower stimuli and too late to faster stimuli. To examine this velocity effect, children aged 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, and adults were tested with two different velocities in a prediction-motion task which consisted of judging, after the occlusion of the final part of its path, the moment of arrival of a moving stimulus towards a specified position. A similar velocity effect, resulting in later responses for the faster velocities than for the slower, was found primarily in the three younger groups of children (for the longer occlusion conditions: 600-1,320 milliseconds). However, this effect was not seen in all children in these groups. Individual analyses showed that this velocity effect, when present, is linked to the use of distance rather than time information, or to the confusion between these in extrapolating the occluded trajectories. The tendency to use one type of information or the other is a good predictor of accuracy and variability in this task and a good indicator of the development stage of the participants. Across development, children tend to initially use distance information with poor accuracy but relative consistency in responses. In a second stage, they use time and distance information alternatively across trials trying to find a better source of information with still poor accuracy and now great variability. In a final stage, they use time information to reach consistency and accuracy in their responses. This chronology follows the stages proposed by Savelesbergh and Van der Kamp (2000) explaining development with an initial stage of 'freezing' non-optimal relationships between information and movement, then a 'freeing' stage during which new solutions are searched for, and finally an 'exploiting' stage with an optimal relationship between information and movement. C1 [Benguigui, Nicolas; Baures, Robin; Amorim, Michel-Ange] Univ Paris 11, Lab Control Moteur & Percept, EA 4042, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Broderick, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Benguigui, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Lab Control Moteur & Percept, EA 4042, Bat 425, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM nicolas.benguigui@u-psud.fr RI Amorim, Michel-Ange/E-7209-2017 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 BP 389 EP 407 DI 10.1348/026151008X295146 PN 3 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338IV UT WOS:000258501800007 ER PT J AU Green, BE AF Green, Bradford E. TI Computational Prediction of Nose-Down Control for F/A-18E at High Alpha SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E Super Hornet configuration with neutral and full nose-down control at high angle of attack, subsonic conditions. Such data contribute to an analysis of the ability of the pilot to recover from extreme angles of attack and are usually obtained and extrapolated from wind-tunnel tests. The current computational study was intended to be an exploratory study of the usefulness of computational fluid dynamics to aid the designer and analysts in predictions of flight behavior. The calculations were made for Mach 0.082 at a Reynolds number of 1.15 x 10(6) based on mean aerodynamic chord at angles of attack between 0 and 60 deg. The F/A-18E was modeled with 34-deg leading-edge flaps, 4-deg trailing-edge flaps, 0-deg aileron deflection, a rudder deflection of 30 deg, a spoiler deflection of 60 deg, and horizontal-tail deflections of 0 and 20 deg. The flow conditions and configuration corresponded to those used in tests of a 15%-scale F/A-18E wind-tunnel model tested at the 30- by 60-ft full-scale wind tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The flow solver used during this project was USM3D, which was developed by the NASA Langley Research Center. The forces and moments predicted by USM3D compared well to the wind-tunnel data for angles of attack between 0 and 40 deg. For angles of attack from 40 to 60 deg, however., the results from USM3D differed from the wind-tunnel data. These differences are attributed to the unsteady nature of the flow and turbulence effects not adequately captured by the computations. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. FU HPCMO through the CST portfolio; NASA Langley Research Center FX The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the funding that was granted for this study by the HPCMO through the CST portfolio. In addition, the author would like to thank David Findlay and James Chung for their guidance and insight. Also, the author would like to thank the HPCMO for the many hours of computer time that was necessary to complete this computational study. Finally, the author acknowledges the advice and guidance of the following individuals: Steve Hynes and Alex Kokolios of the Naval Air Systems Command; Robert Hall, Neal Frink, and Mike Fremaux of NASA Langley Research Center; Joseph Chambers, retired NASA Langley Research Center consultant; and Mohagna Pandya of Analytical Services and Materials. The author would also like to thank Edward Dickes of Bihrle Applied Research forproviding the wind-tunnel test data (with permission of the Navy and the Boeing Company) and information about the test that was used to validate the CFD calculations. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.2514/1.34562 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360RF UT WOS:000260074500020 ER PT J AU Rao, RD Marawar, SV Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Shender, BS AF Rao, Raj D. Marawar, Satyajit V. Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Shender, Barry S. TI Computerized tomographic morphometric analysis of subaxial cervical spine pedicles in young asymptomatic volunteers SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID TRANSPEDICULAR SCREW FIXATION; CERVICOTHORACIC JUNCTION; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE ACCURACY; VERTEBRAE; RECONSTRUCTION; PLACEMENT; COMPLICATIONS; SYSTEMS; MIDDLE AB Background: Although cervical spine pedicle screws have been shown to provide excellent fixation, widespread acceptance of their use is limited because of the risk of injury to the spinal cord, nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. The risks of pedicle screw insertion in the cervical spine can be mitigated by a three-dimensional appreciation of pedicle anatomy. Normative data on three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry from a large, young, and asymptomatic North American population are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to determine three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry in a large group of young volunteers and to determine level and sex-specific morphologic differences. Methods: Helical computerized tomography scans were made from the third cervical to the seventh cervical vertebra in ninety-eight volunteers (sixty-three men and thirty-five women) with an average age of twenty-five years. Pedicle width, height, length, and transverse and sagittal angulations were measured bilaterally. Pedicle screw insertion positions were quantified in terms of mediolateral and superoinferior offsets relative to readily identifiable landmarks. Results: The mean pedicle width and height at all subaxial levels were sufficient to accommodate 3.5-mm screws in 98% of the volunteers. Pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm were rare (observed in association with only 1.7% of the pedicles), with 82% occurring in women and 72% occurring unilaterally. Screw insertion positions generally moved medially and superiorly at caudal levels. Transverse angulation was approximately 450 at the third to fifth cervical levels and was less at more caudal levels. Sagittal angulation changed from a cranial orientation at superior levels to a caudal orientation at inferior levels. Mediolateral and superoinferior insertion positions and sagittal angulations were significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on sex and spinal level. Transverse angulation was significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on spinal level. Conclusions: Pedicle screw insertion points and orientation are significantly different (p < 0.05) at most subaxial cervical levels and between men and women. Preoperative imaging studies should be carefully templated for pedicle size in all patients on a level-specific basis. Although the prevalence was low, women were more likely to have pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm. Clinical Relevance: The present study provides normative data on subaxial cervical pedicle geometry from a large sample of young, healthy men and women. The data may be useful for preoperative planning for pedicle screw fixation. C1 [Rao, Raj D.; Marawar, Satyajit V.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Med Assoc,Code 4656, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Rao, RD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rrao@mcw.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense [N00421-02-C-3005]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX In support of their search for or preparation of this work. one or more of the authors received, in anyone year, outside funding or grants in excess of $10,000 from the United States Office of Naval Research, Department of Defense, through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division contract N00421-02-C-3005 and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. Neither they nor a member of their immediate families received payments or other benefits or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from a commercial entity. No commercial entity paid or directed, or agreed to pay or direct, any benefits to any research fund, foundation, division, center, clinical practice, or other charitable or nonprofit organization with which the authors. or a member of their immediate families. are affiliated or associated. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 90A IS 9 BP 1914 EP 1921 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01166 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 346DT UT WOS:000259049300014 PM 18762652 ER PT J AU Cai, D Blair, D Dufort, FJ Gumina, MR Huang, ZP Hong, G Wagner, D Canahan, D Kempa, K Ren, ZF Chiles, TC AF Cai, Dong Blair, Derek Dufort, Fay J. Gumina, Maria R. Huang, Zhongping Hong, George Wagner, Dean Canahan, D. Kempa, K. Ren, Z. F. Chiles, Thomas C. TI Interaction between carbon nanotubes and mammalian cells: characterization by flow cytometry and application SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; IN-VIVO; DELIVERY; INTERNALIZATION; TRANSPORTERS; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; THERAPY; GROWTH AB We show herein that CNT-cell complexes are formed in the presence of a magnetic field. The complexes were analyzed by flow cytometry as a quantitative method for monitoring the physical interactions between CNTs and cells. We observed an increase in side scattering signals, where the amplitude was proportional to the amount of CNTs that are associated with cells. Even after the formation of CNT-cell complexes, cell viability was not significantly decreased. The association between CNTs and cells was strong enough to be used for manipulating the complexes and thereby conducting cell separation with magnetic force. In addition, the CNT-cell complexes were also utilized to facilitate electroporation. We observed a time constant from CNT-cell complexes but not from cells alone, indicating a high level of pore formation in cell membranes. Experimentally, we achieved the expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein by using a low electroporation voltage after the formation of CNT-cell complexes. These results suggest that higher transfection efficiency, lower electroporation voltage, and miniaturized setup dimension of electroporation may be accomplished through the CNT strategy outlined herein. C1 [Cai, Dong; Blair, Derek; Dufort, Fay J.; Gumina, Maria R.; Chiles, Thomas C.] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Huang, Zhongping; Canahan, D.] NanoLab Inc, Newton, MA 02458 USA. [Hong, George] Millipore Corp, Bioproc Div, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Wagner, Dean] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kempa, K.; Ren, Z. F.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Cai, D (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM caid@bc.edu RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 34 AR 345102 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345102 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 326RJ UT WOS:000257676300002 ER PT J AU Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA Irvin, DJ Steckler, T Reynolds, JR AF Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. Irvin, David J. Steckler, Timothy Reynolds, John R. TI PMSE 387-Supercapacitors/fast batteries: Current status and future needs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Irvin, David J.] USN, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Div Analyt Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Steckler, Timothy; Reynolds, John R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, George & Josephine Butler Polymer Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil; tsteckl@chem.ufl.edu; reynolds@chem.ufl.edu RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 387-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001115 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Sevick, CJ Honner, WK Loach, RA Moore, CA Erickson, JD AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Sevick, Carter J. Honner, William K. Loach, Rosha A. Moore, Cynthia A. Erickson, J. David TI Birth defects among infants born to women who received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; congenital abnormalities; immunization; military personnel; reproductive history; women's health ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SERVICE MEMBERS; SAFETY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; MALFORMATIONS; EXPOSURE; REGISTRY; PROGRAM AB In response to bioterrorism threats, anthrax vaccine has been used by the US military and considered for civilian use. Concerns exist about the potential for adverse reproductive health effects among vaccine recipients. This retrospective cohort evaluated birth defects, in relation to maternal anthrax vaccination, among all infants born to US military service women between 1998 and 2004. Department of Defense databases defined maternal vaccination and infant diagnoses; multivariable regression models described potential associations between anthrax vaccination and birth defects in liveborn infants. Among 115,169 infants born to military women during this period, 37,140 were born to women ever vaccinated against anthrax, and 3,465 were born to women vaccinated in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth defects were slightly more common in first trimester-exposed infants (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.997, 1.41) when compared with infants of women vaccinated outside of the first trimester, but this association was statistically significant only when alternative referent groups were used. Although the small observed association may be unlikely to represent a causal relation between vaccination in early pregnancy and birth defects, this information should be considered when making decisions about administering anthrax vaccine to pregnant women. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.; Sevick, Carter J.; Honner, William K.; Loach, Rosha A.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Moore, Cynthia A.; Erickson, J. David] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 168 IS 4 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn159 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 335XU UT WOS:000258329700012 PM 18599489 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Ryan, MAK Hooper, TI Smith, TC Amoroso, PJ Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD Wells, TS Bell, NS AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Hooper, Tomoko I. Smith, Tyler C. Amoroso, Paul J. Boyko, Edward J. Gackstetter, Gary D. Wells, Timothy S. Bell, Nicole S. TI Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems before and after military combat deployment SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; GENERAL-POPULATION SURVEY; SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; DRINKING PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE AB Context High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflicts, yet investigations of alcohol misuse after return from the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are lacking. Objectives To determine whether deployment with combat exposures was associated with new-onset or continued alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed both a baseline (July 2001 to June 2003; n = 77 047) and followup (June 2004 to February 2006; n = 55 021) questionnaire (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After we applied exclusion criteria, our analyses included 48 481 participants (active duty, n = 26 613; Reserve or National Guard, n = 21 868). Of these, 5510 deployed with combat exposures, 5661 deployed without combat exposures, and 37 310 did not deploy. Main Outcome Measures New- onset and continued heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems at follow-up. Results Baseline prevalence of heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcoholrelated problems among Reserve or National Guard personnel who deployed with combat exposures was 9.0%, 53.6%, and 15.2%, respectively; follow-up prevalence was 12.5%, 53.0%, and 11.9%, respectively; and new-onset rates were 8.8%, 25.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Among active-duty personnel, new-onset rates were 6.0%, 26.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. Reserve and National Guard personnel who deployed and reported combat exposures were significantly more likely to experience new-onset heavy weekly drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.96), binge drinking (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.71), and alcohol-related problems (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01) compared with nondeployed personnel. The youngest members of the cohort were at highest risk for all alcohol-related outcomes. Conclusion Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Smith, Tyler C.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Bell, Nicole S.] Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA13324, R01 AA013324, R01 AA013324-01] NR 79 TC 257 Z9 259 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 6 BP 663 EP 675 DI 10.1001/jama.300.6.663 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 336OM UT WOS:000258374500019 PM 18698065 ER PT J AU Kockar, B Karaman, I Kim, JI Chumlyakov, YJ Sharp, J Yu, CJ AF Kockar, B. Karaman, I. Kim, J. I. Chumlyakov, Y. J. Sharp, J. Yu, C. -J. (Mike) TI Thermomechanical cyclic response of an ultrafine-grained NiTi shape memory alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys; ultrafine-grained materials; equal channel angular extrusion; martensitic transformation; cyclic response ID INDUCED MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; TENSION-COMPRESSION ASYMMETRY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; POLYCRYSTALLINE NITI; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TI-NI; PSEUDOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION AB We focus on the effects of ultrafine grains on the thermomechanical cyclic stability of martensitic phase transformation in Ni49.7Ti50.3 shape memory alloy fabricated using equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The samples were ECAE-processed between 400 and 450 degrees C resulting in average grain sizes of 100-300 nm. Tensile failure experiments demonstrated that the strength differential between the onset of transformation and the macroscopic plastic yielding increases after ECAE. Such increase led to a notable improvement in the thermal cyclic stability under relatively high stresses. The experimental observations are attributed to the increase in critical stress level for dislocation slip due to grain refinement, change in transformation twinning mode in submicron grains, the presence of R-phase, and multi-martensite variants or a small fraction of untransforming grains due to grain boundary constraints. The effects of these microstructural factors on the transformation behavior are discussed in the light of transformation thermodynamics. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kockar, B.; Karaman, I.; Kim, J. I.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chumlyakov, Y. J.] Siberian Phys Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Yu, C. -J. (Mike)] Naval Air Syst Command, Pax River, MD 20670 USA. RP Karaman, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, MS 3123, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ikaraman@tamu.edu RI Karaman, Ibrahim/E-7450-2010; yuriy, chumlyakov/C-6033-2009; Kockar, Benat/H-5630-2013; Chumlyakov, Yuriy/R-6496-2016 OI Karaman, Ibrahim/0000-0001-6461-4958; Kockar, Benat/0000-0001-8261-509X; FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-M-0332]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX07AB56A] FX This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-03-M-0332 and partially by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. NNX07AB56A. NR 59 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 3630 EP 3646 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.001 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 345SJ UT WOS:000259016600033 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Navy workshop aims to cut costs SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 166 IS 8 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 337EV UT WOS:000258419200048 ER PT J AU Yungwirth, CJ Wadley, HNG O'Connor, JH Zakraysek, AJ Deshpande, VS AF Yungwirth, Christian J. Wadley, Haydn N. G. O'Connor, John H. Zakraysek, Alan J. Deshpande, Vikram S. TI Impact response of sandwich plates with a pyramidal lattice core SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE impact; pyramidal truss; air shock waves; energy absorption; ballistic performance ID BALLISTIC RESISTANCE; PROJECTILES; PENETRATION; PERFORATION; TARGETS; BEAMS; PANELS AB The ballistic performance edge clamped 304 stainless-steel sandwich panels has been measured by impacting the plates at mid-span with a spherical steel projectile whose impact velocity ranged from 250 to 1300 m s(-1). The sandwich plates comprised two identical face sheets and a pyramidal truss core: the diameter of the impacting spherical projectile was approximately half the 25 mm truss core cell size. The ballistic behavior has been compared with monolithic 304 stainless-steel plates of approximately equal areal mass and with high-strength aluminum alloy (6061-T6) sandwich panels of identical geometry. The ballistic performance is quantified in terms of the entry and exit projectile velocities while high-speed photography is used to investigate the dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms. The stainless-steel sandwich panels were found to have a much higher ballistic resistance than the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy panels on a per volume basis but the ballistic energy absorption of the aluminum structures was slightly higher on a per unit mass basis. The ballistic performance of the monolithic and sandwich panels is almost identical though the failure mechanics of these two types of structures are rather different. At high impact velocities, the monolithic plates fail by ductile hole enlargement. By contrast, only the proximal face sheet of the sandwich plate undergoes this type of failure. The distal face sheet fails by a petalling mode over the entire velocity range investigated here. Given the substantially higher blast resistance of sandwich plates compared to monolithic plates of equal mass, we conclude that sandwich plates display a potential to outperform monolithic plates in multi-functional applications that combine blast resistance and ballistic performance. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deshpande, Vikram S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [O'Connor, John H.; Zakraysek, Alan J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Yungwirth, Christian J.; Wadley, Haydn N. G.] Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Deshpande, VS (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM vsd@eng.cam.ac.uk RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 920 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.07.001 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 317DO UT WOS:000257000100023 ER PT J AU Uwakweh, ONC Agarwala, VS AF Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Agarwala, Vinod S. TI Mossbauer effect study of room temperature cathodic polarization of AISI321SS austenitic stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE AISI-321 austenitic stainless steel; cathodic hydrogen charging; martensite; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; HYDROGEN; CRACKING AB Room temperature hydrogen charging by cathodic polarization of cold rolled AISI 321SS austenitic stainless steel in appropriate electrolytic medium leads to its decomposition to structural defects and a ferromagnetic alpha'-martensitic phase. The degree of decomposition, and hence the resulting products depends on hydrogen charging time with martensitic transformation yielding up to 14-22% martensite for charging periods of 30 and 96 h, respectively. Based on Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements, the magnetically split portion of the spectra corresponding to the alpha'-martensite phase was resolved in terms of one Fe-site with internal magnetic field in the range of 260-265 +/- 10 kOe. Both the uncharged and retained (after hydrogen charging) austenitic phases were resolved similarly at ambient and sub-ambient cryogenic temperatures. The austenitic phase in both the uncharged and charged states remained stable from ambient down to 4.2 K, where they exhibited singlet broadening suggesting weakly ferro/antifero-magnetic ordering. C1 [Uwakweh, Oswald N. C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Agarwala, Vinod S.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Uwakweh, ONC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9167-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 325IO UT WOS:000257582800013 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Markham, AE Reis, JP Padilla, GA Potterat, EG Drummond, SPA Mujica-Parodi, LR AF Taylor, Marcus K. Markham, Amanda E. Reis, Jared P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean P. A. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. TI Physical fitness influences stress reactions to extreme military training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENTATE GYRUS; EXERCISE; TRAUMA; DISORDER; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; VULNERABILITY; NEUROGENESIS; DEPRESSION; HARDINESS AB Background: Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance and reducing risk of injury in the warfighter. It is not known whether physical fitness plays a causal role in attenuating acute military stress reactions or the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical fitness influences the impact of stressful events during military survival training in 31 men. Methods: Participants self-reported their most recent Physical Readiness Test scores and completed a trait anxiety measure before survival training. Participants also completed the Impact of Events Scale (IES) 24 hours after training. Results: Aerobic fitness was inversely associated with the total IES score (p < 0.01, adjusted R-2 = 0.19). When adjusted for trait anxiety, this relationship was substantially attenuated and no longer significant (p = 0.11). Trait anxiety was inversely associated with aerobic fitness (p < 0.05) and positively related to IES (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Physical fitness may buffer stress symptoms secondary to extreme military stress and its effects may be mediated via fitness-related attenuations in trait anxiety. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Padilla, Genieleah A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, Stress Physiol Res Core, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, Stress Physiol Res Core, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Award [Award N0001406WX20141]; Center for Security Forces-SERE West (San Diego, CA) FX The source of funding for this work was Office of Naval Research Award N0001406WX20141. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research.; Appreciation is extended to Michelle Stoia for editorial expertise and to Sue Sobanski for fiscal expertise. Special appreciation is also extended to the students and staff at the Helicopter Squadron 10, Helicopter Squadron 41, and the Naval Special Warfare Center, San Diego, California. Finally, we wish to thank Center for Security Forces-SERE West (San Diego, CA) for support of our research and for "training the best for the worst." NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 738 EP 742 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DS UT WOS:000258416300005 PM 18751589 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Feng, SM AF Halterman, Klaus Feng, Simin TI Resonant transmission of electromagnetic fields through subwavelength zero-epsilon slits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION AB We theoretically investigate the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a metal plate with a zero-e metamaterial slit, where the permittivity tends towards zero over a given bandwidth. Our analytic results demonstrate that the transmission coefficient can be substantial for a broad range of slit geometries, including subwavelength widths that are many wavelengths long. This resonant effect has features quite unlike the Fabry-Perot-like resonances that have been observed in conductors with deep channels. We further reveal that ultranarrow zero-c channels can have significantly greater transmission compared to slits with no wave impedance difference across them. C1 [Halterman, Klaus; Feng, Simin] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 FU NAVAIR's ILIR program; ARSC at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks FX This work was supported by NAVAIR's ILIR program sponsored by ONR and by a grant of HPC resources from ARSC at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, as part of the DOD HPCMP. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 021805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.021805 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 349EF UT WOS:000259263400021 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI US military service members vaccinated against smallpox in 2003 and 2004 experience a slightly higher risk of hospitalization postvaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; military medicine; hospitalization; myocarditis ID JANUARY-OCTOBER 2003; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; MILLENNIUM COHORT; ARMED-FORCES; FOLLOW-UP; PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH AB This study explores adverse events severe enough to warrant hospitalization that may have been associated with receiving the smallpox vaccine in conjunction with military service. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk of hospitalization among US active-duty military personnel during a 1-year period following receipt of the smallpox vaccine. The reference group consisted of active-duty military personnel who also received the smallpox vaccine after the conclusion of their health care observation period, allowing for comparison to a temporally and demographically similar population. The risk of hospitalization was slightly elevated among the postvaccine group for any-cause hospitalization and for hospitalization in several broad diagnostic categories. Hospitalizations for asthma, autoimmune diseases, and myopericarditis, were more likely in the postvaccine group. The increased risk of hospitalization for varied outcomes does not necessarily imply a cause-effect relationship, but it does offer areas for more focused study, using longitudinal data to explore the long-term impact of smallpox vaccination on the health of young adults. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Isabel.Jacobson@med.navy.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Defense [60002] FX We thank Scott L. Seggerman and Greg D. Boyd from the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey Bay, California. We also thank Dr. Ava Conlin and Michelle Stoia from the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland.; This represents report 07-40 supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC. 2004.0010). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 32 BP 4048 EP 4056 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.044 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 339XP UT WOS:000258610900013 PM 18586364 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Gumbs, GR Conlin, AMS Sevick, CJ Jacobson, IG Snell, KJ Spooner, CN Smith, TC AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Gumbs, Gia R. Conlin, Ava Marie S. Sevick, Carter J. Jacobson, Isabel G. Snell, Katherine J. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Tyler C. CA Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Reg TI Evaluation of preterm births and birth defects in liveborn infants of US military women who received smallpox vaccine SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Force Health Protection Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2008 CL Louisville, KY DE smallpox vaccine; vaccinia; maternal exposures; birth defects; preterm birth ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ACTIVE-DUTY; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; VIETNAM VETERANS; SERVICE MEMBERS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Women serving in the US military have some unique occupational exposures, including exposure to vaccinations that are rarely required in civilian professions. When vaccinations are inadvertently given during pregnancy, such exposures raise special concerns. These analyses address health outcomes, particularly preterm births and birth defects, among infants who appear to have been exposed to maternal smallpox vaccination in pregnancy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 31;420 infants born to active-duty military women during 2003-2004. We used Department of Defense databases to define maternal vaccination and infant health outcomes. Multivariable regression models were developed to describe Associations between maternal smallpox vaccination and preterm births and birth defects in liveborn infants. RESULTS: There were 7,735 infants identified as born to women ever vaccinated against smallpox, and 672 infants born to women vaccinated in the first trimester of pregnancy. In multivariable modeling; maternal smallpox vaccination in pregnancy was not associated with preterm or extreme preterm delivery. Maternal smallpox vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy was not significantly associated with overall birth defects (OR 1.40; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.07), or any of seven specific defects individually modeled. CONCLUSIONS: Results may be reassuring that smallpox vaccine, when inadvertently administered to pregnant women, is not associated with preterm delivery or birth defects in liveborn infants. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Conlin, Ava Marie S.; Sevick, Carter J.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Snell, Katherine J.; Spooner, Christina N.; Smith, Tyler C.; Dept Def Birth Infant Hlth Reg] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res,Dept 164, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res,Dept 164, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 7 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1002/bdra.20470 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 329YP UT WOS:000257906800006 PM 18496830 ER PT J AU Prabhakaran, K Ghosh, D Chapman, GD Gunasekar, PG AF Prabhakaran, K. Ghosh, D. Chapman, G. D. Gunasekar, P. G. TI Molecular mechanism of manganese exposure-induced dopaminergic toxicity SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE manganese; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; transcription factor; apoptosis; dopamine ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; L-DOPA; RAT STRIATUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PC12 CELLS; MPTP MODEL; NEUROTOXICITY; ACTIVATION AB Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is found in varying amounts in aerosols or dust. Exposure to atmospheric Mn at high concentration is a risk factor in humans that can manifest as neuronal degeneration resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). Since the underlying mechanism of Mn and dopamine (DA) interaction-induced cell death remains unclear, here, we showed that Mn exposure alone to mesencephalic cells for 24 h induced minimal apoptotic cell death. However, cells pre-exposed to DA for 2 h accelerated Mn-induced apoptosis. The vulnerability of Mn-induced apoptotic cell death to DA was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ApoptagTUNEL staining (terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase DNA labeling). This was further confirmed by the cell viability assay to support our hypothesis that DA at the cellular level interacts with Mn and causes cells to be more susceptible. Pretreatment with nitric oxide blocker (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI), vitamin E or NF-kappa B inhibitor (SN50) significantly protected the cells from Mn and DA interaction-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that Mn in the presence of DA markedly induced induction of NOS (iNOS) expression. Pretreatment with 7-NI, SN50 or vitamin E significantly attenuated increased iNOS expression indicating that iNOS expression is regulated by ROS and the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Further, the generation of ROS as an early event in Mn and DA interaction is not controlled by NF-kappa B as SN50 pretreatment did not prevent ROS. These findings suggest that NF-kappa B induction and the activation of nitric oxide synthase through ROS represent a proximate mechanism for Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Prabhakaran, K.; Chapman, G. D.; Gunasekar, P. G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ghosh, D.] Texas So Univ, Dept Biol, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Gunasekar, PG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Area B,Bldg 837, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM palur.gunasekar@wpafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.004 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 313EP UT WOS:000256724200005 PM 18502311 ER PT J AU Green, BE AF Green, Bradford E. TI Computational prediction of roll damping for the F/A-18E at transonic speeds SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT-WING-STALL; GENERATION; TURBULENCE; PROGRAM AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the roll-damping characteristics for the F/A-18E Super Hornet at transonic speeds. The calculations were made for Mach 0.8 at both wind-tunnel and flight conditions. Three different wing configurations were analyzed during this study. For the first two configurations, the F/A-18E Super Hornet was modeled with the preproduction wing. The first of these configurations had flap settings of 6 degree leading-edge flaps, 8 degree trailing-edge flaps, and 4 degree aileron, whereas the second configuration had flap settings of 10 degree leading-edge flaps, 10 degree trailing-edge flaps, and 5 degree aileron. The third configuration analyzed was that of the F/A-18E with the wing developed from the Transonic Flying Qualities Improvement Program. This wing includes a sawtooth leading edge and a chordwise fence on the wing box. The sawtooth geometry eliminated the snag that existed on the leading edge of the preproduction wing. The flow solver of the NASA Tetrahedral Unstructured Software System was used during this project. In preparation for this study, the flow solver was modified to simulate a constant-rate rolling motion of the grid so that the roll-damping characteristics of the aircraft could be determined. With this modification to the flow solver, the roll-damping characteristics at each condition could be determined at the expense of a steady-state computational fluid dynamics calculation. This approach to determining roll damping is much simpler and faster than the traditional approach, which required a time-accurate calculation on a moving grid. The results of this study indicate that computational fluid dynamics can be a useful analysis tool for screening a configuration for potential loss of roll damping and the associated deterioration of lateral handling qualities. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Appl Aerodynam & Stores Separat Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Appl Aerodynam & Stores Separat Branch, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.2514/1.34571 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336UF UT WOS:000258389400021 ER PT J AU Chafin, A Irvin, DJ Mason, MH Mason, SL AF Chafin, Andrew Irvin, David J. Mason, Mark H. Mason, Susan L. TI Synthesis of multifunctional hydroxyethyl tetrazoles SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A series of di-, tri-, and tetra-tetrazoloalkanes were synthesized from the corresponding nitrile and sodium azide. These were alkylated to give hydroxy terminated chains for possible use as high energy oligomers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chafin, Andrew; Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Polymer Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Mason, Mark H.; Mason, Susan L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Energet Res Div, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Polymer Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.chafin@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 23 BP 3823 EP 3826 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.125 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 308HI UT WOS:000256378800028 ER PT J AU Lyons, A Longfield, J Kuschner, R Straight, T Binn, L Seriwatana, J Reitstetter, R Froh, IB Craft, D McNabb, K Russell, K Metzgar, D Liss, A Sun, X Towle, A Sun, W AF Lyons, Arthur Longfield, Jenice Kuschner, Robert Straight, Timothy Binn, Leonard Seriwatana, Jitvimol Reitstetter, Raven Froh, Irma B. Craft, David McNabb, Kevin Russell, Kevin Metzgar, David Liss, Alan Sun, Xiao Towle, Andrew Sun, Wellington TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, oral type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccines in adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; vaccine; live; oral; virus; type 4; type 7 ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DIPLOID TISSUE CULTURE; US MILITARY RECRUITS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; NAVAL RECRUITS; SELECTIVE INFECTION; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; LARGE EPIDEMIC AB Adenovirus serotypes 4 (ADV-4) and 7 (ADV-7) are important causes of febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military recruits. Previously licensed vaccines, which effectively controlled adenovirus-associated ARD, are no longer available. In the Fall of 2004 we conducted this Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the live, oral ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines made by a new manufacturer to assess their safety and immunogenicity. The adenovirus vaccines were administered orally together in a single dose to thirty subjects. Twenty eight additional subjects received placebo. Subjects were then observed for 8 weeks. The most commonly reported adverse events were nasal congestion (33%), cough (33%), sore throat (27%), headache (20%), abdominal pain (17%), arthralgia (13%), nausea (13%) and diarrhea (13%). None of these rates differed significantly from placebo. The duration of vaccine virus fecal shedding was 7-21 days. Seventy three percent of vaccine recipients seroconverted to ADV-4 (GMT 23.3) while 63% seroconverted to ADV-7 (GMT 51.1) by Day 28. The new ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines were safe and induced a good immune response in the study population. Expanded trials for safety and efficacy are in progress. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lyons, Arthur; Kuschner, Robert; Straight, Timothy; Binn, Leonard; Seriwatana, Jitvimol; Sun, Wellington] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Longfield, Jenice; Reitstetter, Raven] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Froh, Irma B.; Craft, David] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [McNabb, Kevin] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Russell, Kevin; Metzgar, David] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Naval Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Liss, Alan] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Sun, Xiao] Merck & Co Inc, Cbards Upper Gwynedd, PA USA. [Towle, Andrew] VaccGen Int LLC, Larchmont, NY USA. RP Lyons, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM arthur.lyons@na.amedd.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; OI Reitstetter, Raven/0000-0002-7466-9781 NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 23 BP 2890 EP 2898 DI 10.1016/J.vaccine.2008.03.037 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 312CA UT WOS:000256645500012 PM 18448211 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Highfill-McRoy, RM Booth-Kewley, S AF Larson, Gerald E. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie TI Psychiatric diagnoses in historic and contemporary military cohorts: Combat deployment and the healthy warrior effect SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; incidence; mental disorders; military personnel ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH; ILLNESS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; PREVALENCE; ATTRITION; RATIOS; ONSET AB Research studies have identified heightened psychiatric problems among veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). However, these studies have not compared incidence rates of psychiatric disorders across robust cohorts, nor have they documented psychiatric problems prior to combat exposure. The authors' objectives in this study were to determine incidence rates of diagnosed mental disorders in a cohort of Marines deployed to combat during OIF or OEF in 2001-2005 and to compare these with mental disorder rates in two historical and two contemporary military control groups. After exclusion of persons who had been deployed to a combat zone with a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis, the cumulative rate of post-OIF/-OEF mental disorders was 6.4%. All psychiatric conditions except post-traumatic stress disorder occurred at a lower rate in combat-deployed personnel than in personnel who were not deployed to a combat zone. The findings suggest that psychiatric disorders in Marines are diagnosed most frequently during the initial months of recruit training rather than after combat deployment. The disproportionate loss of psychologically unfit personnel early in training creates a "healthy warrior effect," because only those persons who have proven their resilience during training remain eligible for combat. C1 [Larson, Gerald E.; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.; Booth-Kewley, Stephanie] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.] Sci Applicat Intl Corp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Highfill-McRoy, RM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Robyn.Highfill@med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 BP 1269 EP 1276 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn084 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305HO UT WOS:000256169100001 PM 18436536 ER PT J AU Riley, DT Harmann, WM Barrett, SF Wright, CHG AF Riley, D. T. Harmann, W. M. Barrett, S. F. Wright, C. H. G. TI Musca domestica inspired machine vision sensor with hyperacuity SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID VISUAL SYSTEM; NEURAL SUPERPOSITION; FLY PHOTORECEPTORS; COMPOUND EYE; INFORMATION; INSECTS; NEURONS; RETINA; OPTICS; BRAIN AB A fiber optic sensor inspired by the compound eye of the common housefly, Musca domestica, has been developed. The sensor coupled with analog preprocessing hardware has the potential to extract edge information quickly and in parallel. The design is motivated by the parallel nature of the fly's vision system and its demonstrated hyperacuity or precision of visual localization beyond the conventional resolution limit. The fly's anatomy supporting the design is reviewed, followed by the design of a one-dimensional, cartridge-based sensor. The sensor's ability to locate a line stimulus in a two-dimensional space is demonstrated. Discussion is provided to extend this work in scale, cartridge dimension, information and array processing. C1 [Riley, D. T.; Harmann, W. M.] USN, Sensors & Platform Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. [Barrett, S. F.; Wright, C. H. G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Riley, DT (reprint author), USN, Sensors & Platform Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. EM steveb@uwyo.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015553, P20 RR15640, RR15640] NR 81 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 EI 1748-3190 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR 026003 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/3/2/026003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 310FP UT WOS:000256514600004 PM 18441410 ER PT J AU Polsky, SA Ghee, TA AF Polsky, Susan A. Ghee, Terence A. TI Application and verification of internal boundary conditions for antenna mast wake predictions SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP EXA Corp, Scanivalve Corp, Dantec Dynam, Aiolos Engn Corp, LaVision, CRIEPI, Cobalt Solut LLC DE computational fluid dynamics; validation; wind tunnel; bluff body; ship airwake AB It has been shown through wind tunnel tests that "small" geometric features such as antennas and masts can influence the mean and turbulent wake signature behind large naval vessels. Modeling these geometric features using standard computational fluid dynamics techniques requires wrapping either structured or unstructured computational grids around these very complicated structures. This is a very costly approach for many reasons. As an alternative, internal boundary conditions have been developed with the intention of capturing at least the first-order effects of the presence of the masts and antennas. A test case using a generic naval vessel mast was developed. A wind tunnel model of the antenna mast geometry was created and hot-wire anemometry data were collected. The CFD predictions were shown to compare well with the wind tunnel data for the parameters of concern. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polsky, Susan A.; Ghee, Terence A.] NAVAIR, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Polsky, SA (reprint author), NAVAIR, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Bldg 2187,Suite 1320B, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM susan.polsky@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 817 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 325LS UT WOS:000257591000010 ER PT J AU Koppes, WM Moran, JS Oxley, JC Smith, JL AF Koppes, William M. Moran, Jesse S. Oxley, Jimmie C. Smith, James L. TI Azo bond hydrogenation with hydrazine, R-NHNH(2), and hydrazobenzene SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE; ABSTRACTING REACTION; REDUCTION; EFFICIENT; DIIMIDE; AGENT AB Hydrogenation of azo bonds with hydrazine, mono-substituted hydrazine, and hydrazobenzene was studied with selected diazene compounds under oxygen-free conditions. The reactions proceed rapidly and in high yield in several solvents, utilizing all N-H protons. While the reduction process is accompanied by the evolution of nitrogen gas in the case of N(2)H(4), the intermediacy of diimide could not be confirmed by standard trapping experiments. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koppes, William M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Moran, Jesse S.; Oxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Oxley, JC (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. EM joxley@chm.uri.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 20 BP 3234 EP 3237 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.083 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 300ME UT WOS:000255827100009 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Prospective investigation of complementary and alternative medicine use and subsequent hospitalizations SO BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; HERBAL MEDICINE; CANCER-PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; PREVALENCE; RISKS; THERAPIES; USAGE AB Background: The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been estimated to be as high as 65% in some populations. However, there has been little objective research into the possible risks or benefits of unmanaged CAM therapies. Methods: In this prospective study of active duty US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, the association between self-reported practitioner-assisted or self-administered CAM use and future hospitalization was investigated. Cox regression models were used to examine risk of hospitalization due to any cause over the follow-up period from date of questionnaire submission, until hospitalization, separation from the military, or end of observation period (June 30, 2004), whichever occurred first. Results: After adjusting for baseline health, baseline trust and satisfaction with conventional medicine, and demographic characteristics, those who reported self-administering two or more CAM therapies were significantly less likely to be hospitalized for any cause when compared with those who did not self-administer CAM (HR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.86). Use of multiple practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a significant decrease or increase of risk for future hospitalization (HR = 1.86; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.96-3.63). Conclusion: While there were limitations to these analyses, this investigation utilized an objective measure of health to investigate the potential health effects of CAM therapies and found a modest reduction in the overall risk of hospitalization associated with self-administration of two or more CAM therapies. In contrast, use of practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a protective effect. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil; besa.smith@med.navy.mil; margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6882 J9 BMC COMPLEM ALTERN M JI BMC Complement. Altern. Med. PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1472-6882-8-19 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 398PL UT WOS:000262743900001 PM 18462505 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Kritz-Silverstein, D Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF AF Smith, Tyler C. Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prior assault and posttraumatic stress disorder after combat deployment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; VIETNAM VETERANS; MILITARY SERVICE; RISK-FACTORS; TRAUMA EXPOSURE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; US MILITARY; PTSD AB Background: Factors that make people vulnerable to or resilient against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following overwhelming stress are not well understood. The objective of this study was to prospectively examine the relation between prior assault and new-onset PTSD symptoms in a large US military cohort deployed in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods: Data on exposures and health outcomes were collected in the Millennium Cohort study at enrollment (July 2001 to June 2003) and follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006) from over 55,000 participants. Of these, 5324 were deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, reported combat exposures, and were free of PTSD at baseline (881 women and 4443 men). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to model the odds of new-onset PTSD in relation to prior assault. Results: New-onset PTSD symptoms or diagnosis among deployers reporting combat exposures occurred in 22% of women who reported prior assault and 10% not reporting prior assault. Among men reporting prior assault, rates were 12% and 6%, respectively. Adjusting for baseline factors, the odds of new-onset PTSD symptoms was more than 2-fold higher in both women and men who reported assault prior to deployment. Conclusions: Prior assault appears to confer increased vulnerability for, rather than resilience against, PSTD symptoms among military professionals deployed to recent combat operations. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31816a9dff PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 293DF UT WOS:000255314400025 PM 18414091 ER PT J AU Wei, Z Deshpande, VS Evans, AG Dharmasena, KP Queheillalt, DT Wadley, HNG Murty, YV Elzey, RK Dudt, P Chen, Y Knight, D Kiddy, K AF Wei, Z. Deshpande, V. S. Evans, A. G. Dharmasena, K. P. Queheillalt, D. T. Wadley, H. N. G. Murty, Y. V. Elzey, R. K. Dudt, P. Chen, Y. Knight, D. Kiddy, K. TI The resistance of metallic plates to localized impulse SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metallic sandwich panels; triangular honeycomb core; doubly-corrugated core; DYSMAS-ABAQUS simulation; fluid/structure interaction ID SANDWICH PLATES; STAINLESS-STEEL; PANELS; RANGE; BLAST AB The responses of metallic plates and sandwich panels to localized impulse are examined by using a dynamic plate test protocol supported by simulations. The fidelity of the simulation approach is assessed by comparing predictions of the deformations of a strong-honeycomb-core panel with measurements. The response is interpreted by comparing and contrasting the deformations with those experienced by the same sandwich panel (and an equivalent solid plate) subjected to a planar impulse. Comparisons based on the center point displacement reveal the following paradox. The honeycomb panel is superior to a solid plate when subjected to a planar impulse, but inferior when localized. The insights gained from an interpretation of these results are used to demonstrate that a new design with a doubly-corrugated soft core outperforms solid plates both for planar and localized impulses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wei, Z.; Evans, A. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Deshpande, V. S.; Evans, A. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dharmasena, K. P.; Queheillalt, D. T.; Wadley, H. N. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Murty, Y. V.; Elzey, R. K.] Cellular Mat Int Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dudt, P.; Chen, Y.; Knight, D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kiddy, K.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wei, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM zhensong@engr.ucsb.edu RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 NR 16 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2074 EP 2091 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2007.10.010 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 300DZ UT WOS:000255805800019 ER PT J AU Hascall, JL Heaney, JH Cowan, CL Miller, PW Hodgdon, JA AF Hascall, Jessie L. Heaney, Jay H. Cowan, Courtney L. Miller, Paul W. Hodgdon, James A. TI Physiological Effect of the RTX During Exercise in the Heat SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hascall, Jessie L.; Heaney, Jay H.; Cowan, Courtney L.; Miller, Paul W.; Hodgdon, James A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S237 EP S237 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322513.32689.be PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902272 ER PT J AU Hodgdon, J Terry, J Hascall, J Heaney, J AF Hodgdon, James Terry, Jeffrey Hascall, Jessie Heaney, Jay TI Evaluation of an Oscillating Foil Device Using Energy Expenditure SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodgdon, James; Terry, Jeffrey; Hascall, Jessie; Heaney, Jay] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S237 EP S237 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322514.32689.70 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902273 ER PT J AU Markham, AE Padilla, GA Reis, JP Drummond, S Kim, HW Dial-Ward, M Mujica-Parodi, LR Taylor, MK AF Markham, Amanda E. Padilla, Genieleah A. Reis, Jared P. Drummond, Sean Kim, Hyung W. Dial-Ward, Mike Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Taylor, Marcus K. TI Relationships Between Aerobic Fitness and Limbic Function in Military Men SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Markham, Amanda E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Taylor, Marcus K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, CA USA. [Drummond, Sean] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Kim, Hyung W.; Dial-Ward, Mike] Fleet Aviat Specialized Operat Training Grp Pacif, San Diego, CA USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM amanda.markham@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S89 EP S89 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321835.15725.1c PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901343 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Macera, CA Schmied, EA Han, PP Trone, DW Shaffer, RA AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Macera, Caroline A. Schmied, Emily A. Han, Peggy P. Trone, Daniel W. Shaffer, Richard A. TI Prevalence and Correlates of Menstrual Irregularity Among Female Marine Corps Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Macera, Caroline A.; Schmied, Emily A.; Han, Peggy P.; Trone, Daniel W.; Shaffer, Richard A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM mrauh@rmuohp.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S232 EP S232 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322496.41274.da PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902255 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Markham, AE Reis, JP Padilla, GA Potterat, EG Drummond, S Mujica-Parodi, LR AF Taylor, Marcus K. Markham, Amanda E. Reis, Jared P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. TI Physical Fitness Influences Stress Reactions To Extreme Military Training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Markham, Amanda E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Drummond, Sean] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S18 EP S18 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321522.42150.fa PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901068 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT Barsic, PH AF Halterman, Klaus Valls, Oriol T. Barsic, Paul H. TI Induced triplet pairing in clean s-wave superconductor/ferromagnet layered structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE; FIELD; HE-3 AB We study induced triplet pairing correlations in clean ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures. The pairing state in the superconductor is the conventional singlet s wave, and the angle alpha between the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers is arbitrary. We use a numerical fully self-consistent solution of the microscopic equations and obtain the time-dependent triplet correlations via the Heisenberg equations of motion. We find that in addition to the usual singlet correlations, triplet correlations, which are odd in time as required by the Pauli principle, are induced in both the ferromagnets and the superconductor. These time-dependent correlations are largest at times of order of the inverse of the Debye cutoff frequency omega(D), and we find that within that time scale, they are often spatially very long ranged. We discuss the behavior of the characteristic penetration lengths that describe these triplet correlations. We also find that the ferromagnets can locally magnetize the superconductor near the interface and that the local magnetization then undergoes strongly damped oscillations. The local density of states exhibits a variety of energy signatures, which we discuss, as a function of ferromagnetic strength and alpha. C1 [Halterman, Klaus] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.; Barsic, Paul H.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomputer Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 17 AR 174511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.174511 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 313TV UT WOS:000256763800099 ER PT J AU Cambrea, LR Irvin, D AF Cambrea, Lee R. Irvin, David TI COLL 498-Nanocolloidal substrates for surface enhanced raman spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cambrea, Lee R.; Irvin, David] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM lee.cambrea@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 498-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103499 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Yandek, GR Baldwin, LC Cambrea, LR Jones, C Roberts, MJ AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Yandek, Gregory R. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Cambrea, Lee R. Jones, Conrad Roberts, M. Joseph TI PMSE 417-Discrete hybrid nanoparticles formed by rapid bulk thermal cure of monotethered POSS-bis(cyanate ester) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Petteys, Brian J.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Jones, Conrad; Roberts, M. Joseph] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; Michael.Wright@navy.mil; lee.cambrea@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 417-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109082 ER PT J AU Hess, DM Guenthner, AJ AF Hess, David M. Guenthner, Andrew J. TI PMSE 509-Fabrication and durability of polymer sparse network microstructures formed by viscoelastic phase separation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hess, David M.; Guenthner, Andrew J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 509-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109463 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Witker, DL Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA Closson, AP AF Irvin, David J. Witker, David L. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. Closson, Adam P. TI POLY 609-Poly(3,4-difluorothiophene) as a stable electrochemically n-doping polymer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Irvin, David J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Witker, David L.] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Closson, Adam P.] NAWCWPNS, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Div Analyt Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM david.irvin@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 609-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800474 ER PT J AU Lai, WW Irvin, DJ Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA AF Lai, William W. Irvin, David J. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI PMSE 451-Pyridine derived BBL-like polymer for organic supercapacitor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lai, William W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Stenger-Smith, John D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Analyt Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM william.lai@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 451-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109505 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Lloyd, DW Conlin, AMS Gumbs, GR Keenan, HT AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Lloyd, David W. Conlin, Ava M. S. Gumbs, Gia R. Keenan, Heather T. TI Evaluating the epidemiology of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infants of US military families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME; CHILD MALTREATMENT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CRANIAL INJURIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEAD-INJURY; IMPACT; ABUSE; SHAKING; SOLDIERS AB Background: Evaluating the incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injuries (inflicted TBI) in young children, and encompassing shaken baby syndrome (SBS) and related injuries, is ail epidemiologic challenge. Data available regarding military families in the U.S. may complement other national surveillance efforts. Methods: A protocol was developed to assess the epidemiology of inflicted TBI among infants of U.S. military families, integrating data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry, healthcare utilization databases, child abuse reporting systems, and military personnel databases. The in-progress protocol, and its inherent strengths and limitations, are described here. Discussion: The primary strengths of data from U.S. military families are related to the full characterization of the denominator, such that analyses are person-time and population based. Unique data are available to describe the full population of military parents, including occupational, geographic, and socioeconomic factors, as well as deployment-related potential stressors. The limitations of military data are similar to many other child abuse surveillance systems in that cases are underreported and not fully characterized. Linking abuse reports and medical utilization data to population data, however, will allow unique analyses of "probable" and "possible" cases of inflicted TBI in infants of military families. Conclusions: Data from the U.S. military, when appropriately linked and analyzed, provide opportunities to evaluate important risk factors for inflicted TBI in infants. Although epidemiologic challenges may make incidence rates using military data noncomparable to rates using other data sources, multivariate analyses can evaluate critical and unique risk factors, as well as the effectiveness of prevention initiatives. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Conlin, Ava M. S.; Gumbs, Gia R.] NHRC, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Lloyd, David W.] Mil Community & Family Policy, Off Under Secretary Def Personnel & Readiness, Dept Def, Family Advocacy Program, Washington, DC USA. [Keenan, Heather T.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), NHRC, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM rnargaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 SU S BP S143 EP S147 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.020 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 279TT UT WOS:000254378300009 PM 18374265 ER PT J AU Faix, DJ Harrison, DJ Riddle, MS Vaughn, AF Yingst, SL Earhart, K Thibault, G AF Faix, Dennis J. Harrison, Dustin J. Riddle, Mark S. Vaughn, Andrew F. Yingst, Samuel L. Earhart, Kenneth Thibault, Glenn TI Outbreak of Q fever among US military in Western Iraq, june-july 2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of Q fever occurred in 22 (58%) of 38 Marines deployed to Iraq in 2005. Fever (in 100% of patients), respiratory symptoms (76%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (53%) were common. Possible risk factors included dust and exposure to animals and ticks. C1 [Faix, Dennis J.; Harrison, Dustin J.; Vaughn, Andrew F.] Navy Forward Depolyed Prevent Med Unit W, Al Asad, Iraq. [Riddle, Mark S.; Yingst, Samuel L.; Earhart, Kenneth] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Faix, DJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM dennis.faix@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 5 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP E65 EP E68 DI 10.1086/528866 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271VW UT WOS:000253817800034 PM 18444807 ER PT J AU Gao, XS Joyce, JA Roe, C AF Gao, Xiaosheng Joyce, James A. Roe, Charles TI An investigation of the loading rate dependence of the Weibull stress parameters SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cleavage fracture; fracture toughness; failure probability; Weibull stress; loading rate; pressure vessel ID PLASTIC FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PREDICT CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION; MASTER CURVE ANALYSIS; PROBABILISTIC MODEL; FERRITIC STEELS; LENGTH SCALE; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; CONSTRAINT AB This paper examines the dependence of the Weibull stress parameters on loading rate for a 22NiMoCr37 pressure vessel steel. Extensive fracture tests, including both quasi-static and dynamic tests, are conducted using deep- and shallow-cracked SE(B) specimens. The fracture specimens are carefully prepared to ensure the crack fronts are placed at the location where the material is homogeneous. Three dynamic loading rates (in terms of the stress intensity factor rate, (K) over dot (J)) in the low-to-moderate range are considered. The load-line velocities for the dynamic tests are chosen so that the resulted (K) over dot (J) values for the deep- and shallow-cracked specimens are the same. Independent calibrations performed at each loading rate (quasi-static and the three dynamic loading rates) using deep- and shallow-cracked fracture toughness data show that the Weibull modulus, m, is invariant of loading rate. The calibrated M-value is 7.1 for this material. Rate dependencies of the scale parameter (sigma(u)) and the threshold parameter (sigma(w)-min) are computed using the calibrated m and the results indicate that sigma(u) decreases and sigma(w)-min increases with higher loading rates. The demonstrated loading rate invariant of m, when combined with the master curve for dynamic loading, can provide a practical approach which simplifies the process to estimate sigma(u) as a function of loading rate. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Xiaosheng] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Joyce, James A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Roe, Charles] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gao, XS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xgao@uakron.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1467 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.07.007 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 270WW UT WOS:000253751900012 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Clark, A. E. TI Measurement of d(15) in Fe(100-x)Ga(x) (x=12.5,15,18.4,22), Fe(50)Co(50), and Fe(81)Al(19) highly textured polycrystalline rods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB We report the first measurements of d(15), which relate torsion to an applied field, in the high magnetostriction Galfenol alloys Fe(100-x)Ga(x) (x=12.5,15,18.4,22), Fe(50)Co(50), and Fe(81)Al(19). Measurements were performed on highly textured polycrystalline 6.4x50.8 mm(2) rods by simultaneously applying a longitudinal magnetic field H(parallel to) (-1200 < H(parallel to)< 1200 Oe) along the rod axis and a circumferential magnetic field H(perpendicular to) generated by a current i (-60 < i <+60 A) through the sample. We obtained d(15) from the twist xi using du Tremolet de Lacheisserie's [Magnetostriction (CRC, Boca Raton, 1993), 212] results for H(perpendicular to)< H(parallel to), modified for our nearly cubic samples: d(15)=2 xi/j, where j is the current density in the sample. In the Fe(100-x)Ga(x) system, d(15) (in nm/A) were 4.5 +/- 1, x=12.5 (sample 1); 7 +/- 2, x=12.5 (sample 2); 2.8 +/- 0.5, x=15; 16 +/- 3, x=22 (stress annealed); and 11.4 +/- 0.4, x=22. The Fe(81.6)Ga(18.4) measurements did not yield a value. For Fe(50)Co(50), d(15)=29 +/- 4 and for Fe(81)Al(19), d(15)=8 +/- 1. Estimated values of lambda(111) were obtained by fitting xi to 1/H(parallel to) and are compared to those obtained from single crystal measurements. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clarks Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B305 DI 10.1063/1.2832667 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200201 ER PT J AU Duncan, JE Corwin, CH Sweeney, WB Dunne, JR DeNobile, JW Perdue, PW Galarneau, MR Pearl, JP AF Duncan, James E. Corwin, Christian H. Sweeney, W. Brian Dunne, James R. DeNobile, John W. Perdue, Philil W. Galarneau, Michael R. Pearl, Jonathan P. TI Management of colorectal injuries during operation Iraqi freedom: Patterns of stoma usage SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE colorectal trauma; colostomy; operation Iraqi freedom ID COLOSTOMY CLOSURE; TRAUMA PATIENTS; COLON TRAUMA; MORBIDITY AB Background: Management of penetrating colorectal injuries in the civilian trauma population has evolved away from diversionary stoma into primary repair or resection and primary anastomosis. With this in mind, we evaluated how injuries to the colon and rectum were managed in the ongoing war in Iraq. Methods: The records of Operation Iraqi Freedom patients evacuated to National Naval Medical Center (NNMC) from March 2004 until November 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with colorectal injuries were identified and characterized by the following: (1) injury type; (2) mechanism; (3) associated injuries; (4) Injury Severity Score; (5) levels of medical care involved in patient treatment; (6) time interval(s) between levels of care; (7) management; and (8) outcomes. Results: Twenty-three patients were identified as having either colon or rectal injury. The average ISS was 24.4 (range, 9-54; median 24). On average, patients were evaluated and treated at 2.5 levels of surgically capable medical care (range, 2-3; median 2) between time of injury and arrival at NNMC, with a median of 6 days from initial injury until presentation at NNMC (range, 3-11). Management of colorectal injuries included 7 primary repairs (30.4%), 3 resections with anastomoses (13.0%), and 13 colostomies (56.6%). There was one death (4.3%) and three anastomotic leaks (30%). Total complication rate was 48%. Conclusions: Based upon injury severity, the complex nature of triage and medical evacuation, and the multiple levels of care involved for injured military personnel, temporary stoma usage should play a greater role in military casualties than in the civilian environment for penetrating colorectal injuries. C1 [Duncan, James E.; Corwin, Christian H.; Dunne, James R.; DeNobile, John W.; Perdue, Philil W.; Pearl, Jonathan P.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Duncan, JE (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. EM djduncan@hotmail.com NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318047c064 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 287UN UT WOS:000254942100032 PM 18404073 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Seward, JF AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Seward, Jane F. CA Smallpox Vaccine Pregnancy Registr TI Pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes from the national smallpox vaccine in pregnancy registry, 2003-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES AB When the United States implemented civilian and military smallpox vaccination programs in 2003, the National Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry was established to better evaluate outcomes after the inadvertent vaccination of pregnant women. Women were referred to the registry by vaccine administrators, health care providers, or state health departments or through self-referral. Registry professionals actively follow up with all enrolled women and collect data on pregnancy, birth, and infant health outcomes. As of September 2006, pregnancy outcome data were available from 376 women. Most (77%) were vaccinated near the time of conception, before results of a standard pregnancy test would have been positive. To date, outcome evaluations have not revealed higher-than-expected rates of pregnancy loss (11.9%), preterm birth (10.7%), or birth defects (2.8%), compared with those in healthy referent populations. No cases of fetal vaccinia have been identified. The Smallpox Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry continues to actively enroll women and follow infant and early-childhood health outcomes. C1 [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Seward, Jane F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 46 SU 3 BP S221 EP S226 DI 10.1086/524744 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271PK UT WOS:000253801000009 PM 18284362 ER PT J AU Bhatt, RT Choi, SR Cosgriff, LM Fox, DS Lee, KN AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Choi, Sung R. Cosgriff, Laura M. Fox, Dennis-S. Lee, Kang N. TI Impact resistance of environmental barrier coated SiC/SiC composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impact; EBC coatings; SiC/SiC composites; mechanical properties; NDE ID SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; SILICON-CARBIDE; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; COATINGS; DAMAGE; OXIDATION; MULLITE; MODEL AB Impact performance of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites coated with 225 and 525 mu m thick environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated. The composites were fabricated by melt infiltration and the EBC was deposited by plasma spray. Impact tests were conducted at room temperature and at 1316 degrees C in air using 1.59 mm diameter steel-balls at projectile velocities ranging from 110 to 375 m/s. Both microscopy and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods were used to determine the extent of damage in the substrate and coating with increasing projectile velocity. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. At projectile velocities less than 125 m/s, no detectable internal damage was noticed in the MI SiC/SiC composites coated with 525 mu m EBC. With increase in projectile velocity beyond this value. spallation of EBC layers, delamination of fiber plies, and fiber fracture were detected. At a fixed projectile velocity, the composites coated with 525 mu m EBC showed less damage than those coated with 225 mu m EBC. Both types of coated composites retained a large fraction of the baseline proper-ties of the as-fabricated composites and exhibited non-brittle failure after impact testing. Furnace exposure of impacted specimens in a moisture environment at 1316 degrees C for 500 h indicated that the through-the-thickness cracks in the coating and delamination cracks in the substrate generated after impact testing acted as conduits for internal oxidation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Fox, Dennis-S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Choi, Sung R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cosgriff, Laura M.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Lee, Kang N.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.067 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 270AX UT WOS:000253693200002 ER PT J AU Bhatt, RT Choi, SR Cosgriff, LM Fox, DS Lee, KN AF Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. Choi, Sung R. Cosgriff, Laura M. Fox, Dennis S. Lee, Kang N. TI Impact resistance of uncoated SiC/SiC composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impact; SiC/SiC composite; NDE; mechanical properties ID ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS; SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; SILICON-NITRIDE; DAMAGE BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB Two-dimensional woven SiC/SiC composites fabricated by melt infiltration method were impact tested at room temperature and at 1316 degrees C in air using 1.59-mm diameter steel-ball projectiles at velocities ranging from 115 to 400 m/s. The extent of substrate damage with increasing projectile velocity was imaged and analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as pulsed thermography, and computed tomography. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. Results indicate that at 115 m/s projectile velocity, the composite showed no noticeable surface or internal damage and retained its as-fabricated mechanical properties. As the projectile velocity increased above this value, the internal damage increased and mechanical properties degraded. At velocities >300 m/s, the projectile penetrated through the composite, but the composite retained similar to 50% of the ultimate tensile strength of the as-fabricated composite and exhibited non-brittle failure. Predominant internal damages are delamination of fiber plies, fiber fracture and matrix shearing, (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Fox, Dennis S.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Choi, Sung R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cosgriff, Laura M.] Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Lee, Kang N.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, USA Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.066 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 270AX UT WOS:000253693200003 ER PT J AU Wells, TS LeardMann, CA Smith, TC Smith, B Jacobson, IG Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-reported adverse health events following smallpox vaccination in a large prospective study of US military service members SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; questionnaires; military medicine; longitudinal studies; chronic disease; quality of life ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-DISORDERS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; PROGRAM; VALIDATION; UTILITY; INSTRUMENTS; PREVALENCE AB In December 2002, the Department of Defense re-instituted smallpox vaccination for US military forces following growing concerns that smallpox might be employed as a bioterrorist weapon. More than one million service members have been given the smallpox vaccine since 2002, although there have been concerns about the safety of the vaccine. Using a large self-reported prospective database, this analysis investigated a wide variety of self-reported health outcomes and possible association with smallpox vaccination. After confirming self-reported vaccination history with electronic vaccine data, 40,472 individuals were included in the analyses, 8,793 of whom received the smallpox vaccine and 31,679 who did not. No significant adverse associations between smallpox vaccination and self-reported health outcomes, including mental and physical functioning, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders, were found. These findings complement studies that utilize other data sources, such as electronic hospitalization records, and may be reassuring to health care providers and those who receive the smallpox vaccination. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DY UT WOS:000257001100007 PM 18382134 ER PT J AU Zouris, JM Wade, AL Magno, CP AF Zouris, James M. Wade, Amber L. Magno, Cheryl P. TI Injury and illness casualty distributions among US Army and Marine Corps personnel during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the distributions of U.S. Marine Corps and Army wounded in action (WIA) and disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) casualties during Operation Iraqi Freedom Major Combat Phase (OIF-1) and Support and Stability Phase (OIF-2). A retrospective review of hospitalization data was conducted. chi(2) tests were used to assess the Primary International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), diagnostic category distributions by phase of operation, casualty type, and gender. Of the 13,071 casualties identified for analysis, 3,263 were WIA and 9,808 were DNBI. Overall, the proportion of WIA was higher during OIF-1 (36.6%) than OIF-2 (23.6%). Marines had a higher proportion of WIA and nonbattle injuries than soldiers. Although overall DNBI distributions for men and women were statistically different, their distributions of types of nonbattle injuries were similar. Identifying differences in injury and illness distributions by characteristics of the casualty population is necessary for military medical readiness planning. C1 [Zouris, James M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Wade, Amber L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Magno, Cheryl P.] San Diego State Univ, Res Fdn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Zouris, JM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 271 Catalina Blvd, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273MD UT WOS:000253934100005 PM 18419026 ER PT J AU Yoganandan, N Stemper, BD Pintar, FA Baisden, JL Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Yoganandan, Narayan Stemper, Brian D. Pintar, Frank A. Baisden, Jamie L. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Normative segment-specific axial and coronal angulation corridors of subaxial cervical column in axial rotation SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE subaxial spine; biomechanics; moment-angulation corridors; degeneration-free spine; axial and coronal motion ID LOAD-DISPLACEMENT PROPERTIES; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION; SPINE STABILIZATION; CADAVERIC MODEL; IN-VITRO; KINEMATICS; LAMINECTOMY; FACETECTOMY; TOMOGRAPHY AB Study Design. In contrast to clinical studies wherein loading magnitudes are indeterminate, experiments permit controlled and quantifiable moment applications, record kinematics in multiple planes, and allow derivation of moment-angulation corridors. Axial and coronal moment-angulation corridors were determined at every level of the subaxial cervical spine, expressed as logarithmic functions, and level-specificity of range of motion and neutral zones were evaluated. Objective. Hypothesis: segmental primary axial and coupled coronal motions do not vary by level. Summary of Background Data. Although it is known that cervical spine responses are coupled, segment-specific corridors of axial and coronal kinematics under axial twisting moments from healthy normal spines are not reported. Methods. Ten human cadaver columns (23-44 years, mean: 34 +/- 6.8) were fixed at the ends and targets were inserted to each vertebra to obtain kinematics in axial and coronal planes. The columns were subjected to pure axial twisting moments. Range of motion and neutral zone for primary-axial and coupled-coronal rotation components were determined at each spinal level. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance. Moment-rotation angulations were expressed using logarithmic functions, and mean +/- 1 standard deviation corridors were derived at each level for both components. Results. Moment-angulations responses were nonlinear. Each segmental curve for both components was well represented by a logarithmic function (r(2) > 0.95). Factorial analysis of variance indicated that the biomechanical metrics are spinal level-specific (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Axial and coronal angulations of cervical spinal columns show statistically different level-specific responses. The presentation of moment-angulation corridors for both metrics forms a dataset for the normal population. These segment-specific nonlinear corridors may help clinicians assess dysfunction or instability. These data will assist mathematical models of the spine in improved validation and lead to efficacious design of stabilizing systems. C1 [Yoganandan, Narayan; Stemper, Brian D.; Pintar, Frank A.; Baisden, Jamie L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Yoganandan, N (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, 9200 W Wisconsin Av, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM yoga@mcw.edu NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 490 EP 496 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 270SK UT WOS:000253740300006 PM 18317191 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Wingard, DL Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF Kritz-Silverstein, D AF Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Wingard, Deborah L. Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; IRAQ-WAR; PREVALENCE; VIETNAM; SERVICE; PTSD; CARE; AFGHANISTAN AB Objective To describe new onset and persistence of self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a large population based military cohort, many of whom were deployed in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Design Prospective cohort analysis. Setting and participants Survey enrolment data from the millennium cohort (July 2001 to June 2003) obtained before the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006) data on health outcomes collected from 50 184 participants. Main outcome measures Self reported post-traumatic stress disorder as measured by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. Results More than 40% of the cohort were deployed between 2001 and 2006; between baseline and follow-up, 24% deployed for the first time in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. New incidence rates of 10-13 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder per 1000 person years occurred in the millennium cohort. New onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis were identified in 7.6-8.7% of deployers; who reported combat exposures, 1.4-2.1% of deployers who did not report combat exposures, and 2.3-3.0% of non-deployers. Among those with self reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder at baseline, deployment did not affect persistence of symptoms. Conclusions After adjustment for baseline characteristics, these prospective data indicate a threefold increase in new onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis among deployed military personnel who reported combat exposures. The findings define the importance of post-traumatic stress disorder in this population and emphasise that specific combat exposures, rather than deployment itself, significantly affect the onset of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after deployment. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Wingard, Deborah L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92108 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92108 USA. [Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 320 Z9 321 U1 6 U2 24 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 336 IS 7640 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1136/bmj.39430.638241.AE PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 268AP UT WOS:000253550600039 PM 18198395 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Halterman, K AF Feng, Simin Halterman, Klaus TI Parametrically shielding electromagnetic fields by nonlinear metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDEX; REFRACTION AB An analytical theory is developed for parametric interactions in metamaterial multilayer structures with simultaneous nonlinear electronic and magnetic responses and with a near-zero refractive index. We demonstrate theoretically that electromagnetic fields of certain frequencies can be parametrically shielded by a nonlinear left-handed material slab, where the permittivity and permeability are both negative. The skin depth is tunable, and even in the absence of material absorption, can be much less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic field being shielded. This exotic behavior is a consequence of the intricate nonlinear response in the left-handed materials and vanishing optical refractive index at the pump frequency. C1 [Feng, Simin; Halterman, Klaus] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 AR 063901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.063901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 263TC UT WOS:000253238400029 PM 18352472 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI DeBakey, SF Nagaraj, BE Bellis, KS Smith, B Smith, TC Gackstetter, GD AF Hooper, Tomoko I. DeBakey, Samar F. Nagaraj, Barbara E. Bellis, Kimberly S. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Gackstetter, Gary D. TI The long-term hospitalization experience following military service in the 1991 Gulf War among veterans remaining on active duty, 1994-2004 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL MUNITIONS DESTRUCTION; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; HEALTH-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; AUSTRALIAN VETERANS; ERA VETERANS; US VETERANS; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AB Background: Despite more than a decade of extensive, international efforts to characterize and understand the increased symptom and illness-reporting among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War, concern over possible long-term health effects related to this deployment continue. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term hospitalization experience of the subset of U. S. Gulf War veterans still on active duty between 1994 and 2004. Methods: Gulf War veterans on active duty rosters as of October 1, 1994, were identified (n = 211 642) and compared with veterans who had separated from military service and then assessed for attrition at three-year intervals during a 10-year follow-up period, examining demographic and military service characteristics, Gulf War exposure variables, and hospitalization data. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate independent predictors of all-cause hospitalization among those still on active duty and to estimate cumulative probability of hospitalization, 1994-2004, by service branch. Results: Members of our 1994 active duty cohort were more likely to be officers, somewhat older, and married compared with those who had separated from the military after serving in the 1991 Gulf War. Selected war-related exposures or experiences did not appear to influence separation with the exception of in-theater presence during the brief ground combat phase. Overall the top three diagnostic categories for hospitalizations were musculo-skeletal, injury and poisoning, and digestive disorders. Diseases of the circulatory system and symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions increased proportionately over time. In-theater hospitalization was the only significant independent predictor of long-term hospitalization risk among selected war-related exposures or experiences examined. The cumulative probability of hospitalization was highest for Army and lowest for Marines. Conclusion: Our results were generally consistent with a previous hospitalization study of US Gulf War veterans for the period August 1991 to July 1999. Although lack of a comparison group for our study limits interpretation of overall findings, intra-cohort analyses showed no significant associations between long-term hospitalization and war-related exposures or experiences, with the exception of in-theater hospitalization, within our active duty subset of 1991 Gulf War veterans. C1 [Hooper, Tomoko I.; Gackstetter, Gary D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [DeBakey, Samar F.; Nagaraj, Barbara E.; Bellis, Kimberly S.] Hlth Res & Anal, Rockville, MD USA. [Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Nagaraj, Barbara E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Bellis, Kimberly S.] Altarum Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil; sdebakey@health-ra.com; bnagaraj@hivresearch.org; kimberly.bellis@altarum.org; besa.smith@med.navy.mil; tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil; gary.gackstetter@anser.org NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 60 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-60 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 272PD UT WOS:000253870800001 PM 18271971 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Reis, JP Sausen, KP Padilla, GA Markham, AE Potterat, EG Drummond, SPA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Reis, Jared P. Sausen, Kenneth P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Markham, Amanda E. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean P. A. TI Trait anxiety and salivary cortisol during free living and military stress SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE stress; hormones; diurnal patterns ID METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; DIURNAL RHYTHM; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; WOMEN; DISSOCIATION; REPLICATION AB Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that negative affect is associated with elevated cortisol. Limited research has investigated this association in young, highly functioning, and stress-resilient populations. Methods: We examined the relation of trait anxiety with total and diurnal salivary cortisol during free-living conditions and during a stressful military exercise in 26 military men ages 19-30 yr (M = 21.6, SD = 2.3). Salivary cortisol was assessed at five time points over 2 consecutive days of free-living measurement, and three time points during a stressful military experience. Trait anxiety was measured with the trait portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1-3 wk prior to the military exercise. Results: Total cortisol concentrations were similar between men reporting high or low anxiety during free-living conditions (8.6 +/- 3.2 vs. 7.4 +/- 2.8 nmol center dot L-1, respectively, P > 0.05), and military stress (21.3 +/- 7.3 vs. 19.0 +/- 7.0 nmol center dot L-1, respectively, P > 0.05). The diurnal cortisol profile differed significantly (P = 0.04) between these men during the free-living condition, but not the stressful military experience (P > 0.05). Specifically, during free living, men with low anxiety exhibited a diurnal cortisol pattern that peaked in the early morning, decreased precipitously during the midmorning, and continued to decrease throughout the day, reaching a nadir in the evening. By contrast, the cortisol pattern of high-anxiety men remained elevated and significantly higher than their low-anxiety counterparts during the midmorning, decreased more slowly throughout the day, and reached its lowest level in the evening. Results were not substantially altered following adjustment for sleep duration or wake time. Conclusion: These findings suggest that trait anxiety influences the diurnal cortisol pattern in young, apparently healthy men during free-living conditions, but does not predict the cortisol response to uncontrollable military stress. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Reis, Jared P.; Sausen, Kenneth P.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Markham, Amanda E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2131.2008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 255AD UT WOS:000252628200009 PM 18309911 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Spooner, CN Smith, B Reed, RJ Amoroso, PJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Besa Reed, Robert J. Amoroso, Paul J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prior health care utilization as a potential determinant of enrollment in a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; military medicine; military personnel; response bias; Veterans ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; ERA VETERANS; US ARMY; NONRESPONSE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS AB Results obtained from self-reported health data may be biased if those being surveyed respond differently based on health status. This study was conducted to investigate if health, as measured by health care use preceding invitation, influenced response to invitation to a 21-year prospective study, the Millennium Cohort Study. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were identified among more than 68,000 people during a one-year period prior to invitation to enroll. Multivariable logistic regression defined how diagnoses were associated with response. Days spent hospitalized or in outpatient care were also compared between responders and nonresponders. Adjusted odds of response to the questionnaire were similar over a diverse range of inpatient and outpatient diagnostic categories during the year prior to enrollment. The number of days hospitalized or accessing outpatient care was very similar between responders and nonresponders. Study findings demonstrate that, although there are some small differences between responders and nonresponders, prior health care use did not affect response to the Millennium Cohort Study, and it is unlikely that future study findings will be biased by differential response due to health status prior to enrollment invitation. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Spooner, Christina N.; Smith, Besa; Reed, Robert J.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Biomech Branch, AF Res Lab, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10654-007-9216-0 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 254YV UT WOS:000252624800001 PM 18193482 ER PT J AU Lobjois, R Benguigui, N Bertsch, J Broderick, MP AF Lobjois, Regis Benguigui, Nicolas Bertsch, Jean Broderick, Michael P. TI Collision avoidance behavior as a function of aging and tennis playing SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE older adults; physical activity; collision avoidance; time to collision; visuomotor calibration ID TIME-TO-CONTACT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AEROBIC FITNESS; OLDER-ADULTS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; MOVEMENT TIME; AGE; EXERCISE; SKILL AB Daily living often requires pedestrians and drivers to adapt their behavior to the displacement of other objects in their environment in order to avoid collision. Yet little research has paid attention to the effect of age on the completion of such a challenging task. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and collision avoidance skill and whether a sporting activity affects this. Three age groups (20-30, 60-70, and 70-80 years) of tennis players and non-players launched a projectile toward a target in order to hit it before it was hit by another "object" (a stimulus represented by apparent motion of lights). If the participant judged that time-to-collision (TTC) of the moving stimulus was not long enough for him/her to launch the projectile in time to arrive before the stimulus, the participant had to inhibit the launching. Results showed that for the non-players the number of errors in the 70-80 year-old group was significantly higher than those of the 20-30 and 60-70 year-old groups, which did not differ from each other. However, this increase was not observed in the 70-80 year-old tennis players, demonstrating a beneficial effect of playing tennis on collision avoidance skill. Results also revealed that the older groups of both tennis players and non-players were subject to the typical age-related increase in response time. Additional analyses indicated that the 70-80 year-old non-players did not adjust their actions to these age-related changes in response time. The older tennis-playing participants, however, were more likely to adjust collision avoidance behavior to their diminished response times. C1 [Lobjois, Regis] Inst Natl Rech Transports & Secur, Lab Psychol Conduite, F-94114 Arcueil, France. [Lobjois, Regis] French Natl Inst Transport & Safety Res, Arcueil, France. [Benguigui, Nicolas] Univ Paris 11, Motor Control & Percept Lab, Orsay, France. [Bertsch, Jean] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Res Sport Sci, Orsay, France. [Broderick, Michael P.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lobjois, R (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Transports & Secur, Lab Psychol Conduite, 2 Ave Gen Malleret Joinville, F-94114 Arcueil, France. EM lobjois@inrets.fr RI Benguigui, Nicolas/A-5611-2008 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 184 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s00221-007-1117-7 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 253TL UT WOS:000252540400001 PM 17849107 ER PT J AU Blyn, LB Hall, TA Libby, B Ranken, R Sampath, R Rudnick, K Moradi, E Desai, A Metzgar, D Russell, KL Freed, NE Balansay, M Broderick, MP Osuna, MA Hofstadler, SA Ecker, DJ AF Blyn, Lawrence B. Hall, Thomas A. Libby, Brian Ranken, Raymond Sampath, Rangarajan Rudnick, Karl Moradi, Emily Desai, Anjali Metzgar, David Russell, Kevin L. Freed, Nikki E. Balansay, Melinda Broderick, Michael P. Osuna, Miguel A. Hofstadler, Steven A. Ecker, David J. TI Rapid detection and molecular serotyping of adenovirus by use of PCR followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ARGENTINEAN CHILDREN; MILITARY RECRUITS; GENOME TYPES; SPECIES-B; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; SURVEILLANCE; CONTINENTS AB We have developed a PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) assay for the rapid detection, identification, and serotyping of human adenoviruses. The assay employs a high-performance mass spectrometer to "weigh" the amplicons obtained from PCR using primers designed to amplify known human adenoviruses. Masses are converted to base compositions and, by comparison against a database of the genetic sequences, the serotype present in a sample is determined. The performance of the assay was demonstrated with quantified viral standards and environmental and human clinical samples collected from a military training facility. Over 500 samples per day can be analyzed with sensitivities greater than 100 genomes per reaction. This approach can be applied to many other families of infectious agents for rapid and sensitive analysis. C1 [Blyn, Lawrence B.; Hall, Thomas A.; Libby, Brian; Ranken, Raymond; Sampath, Rangarajan; Hofstadler, Steven A.; Ecker, David J.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Metzgar, David; Russell, Kevin L.; Freed, Nikki E.; Balansay, Melinda; Broderick, Michael P.; Osuna, Miguel A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rudnick, Karl; Moradi, Emily; Desai, Anjali] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Blyn, LB (reprint author), Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM lblyn@isisph.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1128/JCM.00801-07 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 261SM UT WOS:000253100300036 PM 18094138 ER PT J AU Charca, SM Uwakweh, ONC Shafiq, B Agarwala, VS AF Charca, Samuel M. Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Shafiq, Basir Agarwala, Vinod S. TI Characterization of hydrogen permeation in Armco-Fe during cathodic polarization in aqueous electrolytic media SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE Armco-Fe; cathodic polarization; hydrogen permeation; hydrogen recombination inhibitor agent (poison) ID STAINLESS-STEEL; IRON; ENTRY; TRANSPORT; EMBRITTLEMENT; DEUTERIUM; METALS AB The study of hydrogen permeation behavior in Armco-Fe showed that 0.1 M H2SO4 was a more effective medium for cathodic polarization compared to 0.1 M NaOH. When both electrolytes were "poisoned" with 1.00 g/L Na2HAsO4 center dot 7H(2)O, as hydrogen recombination inhibitor, the corresponding hydrogen permeation levels were 3.5 x 10(-5) A/cm(2) in 0.1 M H2SO4 while 0.75 x 10(-5) A/Cm-2 in 0.1 M NaOH. The breakthrough times were less than 30 s in 0.1 M H2SO4, while about 100 s in the NaOH. With varying amounts of "poisons", peak permeation of hydrogen (1.75 x 10(-5) A/cm(2)) was achieved with 10 g/L Na2HAsO4 center dot 7H(2)O in 0.1 M H2SO4, while the least permeation resulted with 10 g/L (NH2CSH2) Thiourea addition for same level of 1.00 mA/cm(2) cathodic polarization. C1 [Charca, Samuel M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Uwakweh, Oswald N. C.; Shafiq, Basir] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Coll Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Agarwala, Vinod S.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Charca, SM (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9114-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 254XB UT WOS:000252620200022 ER PT J AU Doherty, RM Watt, DS AF Doherty, Ruth M. Watt, Duncan S. TI Relationship between RDX properties and sensitivity SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article CT International Symposium on Insensitive Energetic Materials, Particles and Crystals (IEM 2007) CY MAR, 2007 CL Pfinztal, GERMANY DE crystal properties; RDX; Round Robin; RS-RDX; R(4); shock sensitivity ID IMPACT SENSITIVITY; EXPLOSIVES AB An interlaboratory comparison of seven lots of commercially available RDX was conducted to determine what properties of the nitramine particles can be used to assess whether the RDX has relatively high or relatively low sensitivity. The materials chosen for the study were selected to give a range of HMX content, manufacturing process and reported shock sensitivity. The results of two different shock sensitivity tests conducted on a PBX made with the RDX lots in the study showed that there are measurable differences in the shock sensitivity of the PBXs, but the impact sensitivity for all of the lots is essentially the same. Impact sensitivity is not a good predictor of shock sensitivity for these types of RDX. Although most RDX that exhibits RS has low HMX content, that characteristic alone is not sufficient to guarantee low sensitivity. A range of additional analytical chemistry tests were conducted on the material; two of these (HPLC and DSC) are discussed within. C1 [Doherty, Ruth M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Directorate, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Watt, Duncan S.] Novare, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. RP Doherty, RM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res Dev Test & Evaluat Directorate, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM ruth.doherty@navy.mil NR 43 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1002/prep.200800201 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 265ZY UT WOS:000253401800002 ER PT J AU Zwick, H Edsall, P Stuck, BE Wood, E Elliott, R Cheramie, R Hacker, H AF Zwick, H. Edsall, P. Stuck, B. E. Wood, E. Elliott, R. Cheramie, R. Hacker, H. TI Laser induced photoreceptor damage and recovery in the high numerical aperture eye of the garter snake SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE small eye; garter snake; numerical aperture; photoreceptors; leukocytes; in-vivo imaging; photoreceptor damage; recovery processes; neural plasticity ID RADIATION; RETINA; MONKEY; LIGHT AB The garter snake provides a unique model for in-vivo imaging of photoreceptor damage induced by laser retinal exposure. Laser thermal/mechanical retinal injury induced alterations in photoreceptor structure and leukocyte cellular behavior. Photoreceptors turned white, lost mode structure, and swelled; leukocyte activity was observed in the vicinity of photoreceptor cells. Non-thermal alterations were identified with a bio-tag for oxidative stress. Mechanisms of photoreceptor recovery and replacement were observed and evaluated for active cytoskeletal systems by using an anti-actin tag that could detect the presence of active cytoskeletal systems resident in photoreceptors as well as other retinal systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zwick, H.; Edsall, P.; Stuck, B. E.; Wood, E.; Hacker, H.] USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Elliott, R.; Cheramie, R.] NHRCDet, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM harry.zwick@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2007.09.012 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 272BG UT WOS:000253832000020 PM 18252238 ER PT J AU Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Maiman, DJ Meyer, MA DeRosia, J Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Pintar, Frank A. Maiman, Dennis J. Meyer, Mark A. DeRosia, John Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Anatomical gender differences in cervical vertebrae of size-matched volunteers SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; gender; anatomy; CT; injuries; biomechanics ID WHIPLASH INJURY; NORMAL RANGE; BODY-SIZE; SPINE; KINEMATICS; DIMENSIONS; DENSITY; MOTION; MALES AB Study Design. Clinical literature consistently identifies women as more susceptible to trauma-related neck pain, commonly resulting from soft tissue cervical spine injury. Structural gender differences may explain altered response to dynamic loading in women leading to increased soft tissue distortion and greater injury susceptibility. Objective. Identify anatomic gender differences in cervical spinal geometry that contribute to decreased column stability in women. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies investigating male and female vertebral and vertebral body geometry demonstrated female vertebral dimensions were smaller. However, populations were not size matched and parameters related to biomechanical stability were not reported. Methods. Computed tomography scans of the cervical spine were obtained from size-matched young healthy volunteers. Geometrical dimensions were obtained at the C4 level and analysis of variance determined significant gender differences. Results. Two volunteer subsets were size matched based on sitting height and head circumference. All geometrical measures were greater in men for both subsets. Vertebral width and disc-facet depth were significantly greater in men. Additionally, segmental support area, combining interfacet width and disc-facet depth, was greater in men, indicating more stable intervertebral coupling. Conclusion. Present results of decreased linear and areal cervical dimensions leading to decreased column stability may partially explain increased traumatic injury rates in women. C1 [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Maiman, Dennis J.; Meyer, Mark A.; DeRosia, John] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Maiman, Dennis J.; Meyer, Mark A.; DeRosia, John] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Stemper, BD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM stemps@mcw.edu NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP E44 EP E49 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 267XM UT WOS:000253542500024 PM 18197090 ER PT S AU Byington, CS Watson, MJ Amin, S Begin, M AF Byington, Carl S. Watson, Matthew J. Amin, Sanket Begin, Michael GP IEEE TI False alarm mitigation of vibration diagnostic systems SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID FUSION AB False alarms in legacy aircraft diagnostic systems have negatively impacted fleet maintenance costs and mission readiness. As the industry moves towards more advanced Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) solutions, a reduction in false alarms is needed to reduce the cost and readiness burdens that have plagued legacy systems. It is therefore important to understand why these false alarms occur and how they are generated so appropriate mitigation solutions can be included in next-generation diagnostic systems. This paper examines four major sources of false alarms in the development of vibration diagnostics (faulty sensor performance, transient system operating conditions, improper health indicator selection, and inadequate fault detection logic) and details a solution designed to mitigate their impact. An overview of the developed False Alarm Statistics Toolbox for PHM (FAST PHM(TM)) software is also provided to illustrate how the software guides design engineers through the processes of verifying data, processing for diagnostic features, analyzing feature performances, developing "virtual" features through fusion, and deriving statistically optimized feature thresholds. The developed approach will improve the overall performance, robustness, and reliability of vibration diagnostic and prognostics systems. C1 [Byington, Carl S.; Watson, Matthew J.; Amin, Sanket] Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Begin, Michael] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Byington, CS (reprint author), Impact Technol LLC, 200 Canal View Blvd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM carl.byington@impact-tek.com; michael.begin@navy.mil FU Naval Air Warfare Centre (NAVAIR); Joint Strike Fighter program office; Navy Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program FX This work has significantly benefited from the invaluable support from the Naval Air Warfare Centre (NAVAIR) and Joint Strike Fighter program office. The authors would also like to acknowledge financial support for this work provided through the Navy Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 3801 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321202077 ER PT B AU Lambert, JR Balanis, CA DeCarlo, D AF Lambert, Jeremy R. Balanis, Constantine A. DeCarlo, Dennis GP IEEE TI Spherical Cap CRPAs for GPS SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION C1 [Lambert, Jeremy R.; Balanis, Constantine A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [DeCarlo, Dennis] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lambert, JR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4190 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602277 ER PT B AU Laynbert, JR Balanis, CA DeCarlo, D AF Laynbert, Jeremy R. Balanis, Constantine A. DeCarlo, Dennis GP IEEE TI Effects of Auxiliary Element Gain on the Performance of Power Minimization GPS CRPAs SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Laynbert, Jeremy R.; Balanis, Constantine A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [DeCarlo, Dennis] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Laynbert, JR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 4194 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602278 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Richardson, T Koepping, C Alwardt, AL AF Shannon, Russell Richardson, Thomas Koepping, Craig Alwardt, Anthony L. GP IEEE TI Enabling Net-Centric Diagnostics in the F/A-18 Automated Maintenance Environment SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Net-centric; Smart TPS; LXI; AME; F/A-18; ATFLIR; SHARP; ATML AB For the past eight years, the AN/USM-681 Electro-Optics Pallet/Pod Tester (EOPT) system has been the main on-aircraft support equipment (SE) item used to test and troubleshoot the AN/ASD-10 Advanced Tactical Aerial Reconnaissance System (ATARS), the AN/ASD-12 Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP), and the AN/ASQ-228 Advanced Targeting Forward Looking Infrared (ATFLIR) Pod Parts obsolescence issues have caused significant increases in the cost and time to repair and/or procure an EOPT Developing a replacement for the EOPT was an opportunity to reduce maintenance costs and implement net-centric diagnostics within the F/A-18 automated maintenance environment (AME). This paper describes the first year of a two-year Technology Transition Initiative (TTI) in which the tester hardware was redesigned to mitigate obsolescence by leveraging Local Area Network eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) technology, and a net-centric diagnostics framework (NCDF) was designed to enable the bi-directional exchange of test data and maintenance data for smarter testing in both the on-aircraft and off-aircraft maintenance environments, leveraging existing technologies, such as Smart TPS. C1 [Shannon, Russell; Richardson, Thomas; Koepping, Craig] Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. [Alwardt, Anthony L.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63156 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; anthony.l.alwardt@boeing.com FU PMA-265; Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD); PMA-260 FX The authors wish to thank PMA-265, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and PMA-260 for their continued support. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700008 ER PT S AU Flynn, M AF Flynn, Michael GP IEEE TI REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATED MEASURMENT SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Measurement System Analysis; Process Capability; Principal Component Analysis; ANOVA; MANOVA; Gage R&R AB Automated measurement systems are dependent upon successfully application of multiple integrated systems to perform measurement analysis on various units-under-tests (UUT)s. Proper testing, fault isolation and detection of a UUT are contingent upon accurate measurements of the automated measurement system. This paper extends previous presentation from 2007 AUTOTESTCON on the applicability of measurement system analysis for automated measurement systems. The motivation for this research was to reduce risk of transportability issues from legacy measurement systems to emerging systems. Improving regression testing utilizing parametric metadata for large scale automated measurement systems over existing regression testing techniques which provides engineers, developers and management increased confidence that mission performance is not compromised. The utilization of existing software statistical tools such as Minitab(R) provides the necessary statistical techniques to evaluate measurement capability of automated measurement systems. By applying measurement system analysis to assess the measurement variability between the US Navy's two prime automated test systems the Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) and the Reconfigurable-Transportable Consolidated Automated Support System (RTCASS). Measurement system analysis shall include capability analysis between one selected CASS and RTCASS instrument to validate measurement process capability; general linear model to assess variability between stations, multivariate analysis to analyze measurement variability of UUTs between measurement systems, and gage repeatability and reproducibility analysis to isolate sources of variability at the UUT testing level. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Flynn, M (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, PMA260 Aviat Support Equipment,22272 Buse Rd Bldg, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700014 ER PT B AU Nicholls, D Avak, A Mazurowski, J AF Nicholls, David Avak, Anthony Mazurowski, John GP IEEE TI PHOTONIC COMPONENT AND SUBSYSTEM RELIABILITY MODELING SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Nicholls, David] Quanter Solut, Utica, NY USA. [Avak, Anthony] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Mazurowski, John] Penn State Univ Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA USA. RP Nicholls, D (reprint author), Quanter Solut, Utica, NY USA. FU Naval Air Systems Command through the Penn State Electro-Optics Center [N00421-03-D-0044] FX This work was sponsored by the Naval Air Systems Command through the Penn State Electro-Optics Center under Contract N00421-03-D-0044 Delivery Order 08. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800025 ER PT B AU Habiby, SF Hackert, MJ AF Habiby, Sarry F. Hackert, Michael J. GP IEEE TI RONIA RESULTS: WDM-BASED OPTICAL NETWORKS IN AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Habiby, Sarry F.] Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ USA. [Hackert, Michael J.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Habiby, SF (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ USA. FU DARPA [HR0011-07-C-0028] FX RONIA Project: Program Manager Adel Saleh, DARPA/STO; DARPA Contract: HR0011-07-C-0028. Participants: Telcordia (prime), AFRL, Boeing, Lockheed Martin and NAVAIR. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 71 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653181 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800034 ER PT B AU Xia, M Moslehi, B Mukherjee, B Behbahani, A Millar, R AF Xia, Ming Moslehi, Behzad Mukherjee, Biswanath Behbahani, Alireza Millar, Richard GP IEEE TI CORIN/DORIN: A WDM-ENABLED PLATFORM FOR AERO-ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Xia, Ming; Mukherjee, Biswanath] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moslehi, Behzad] Intelligent Fiber Opt Syst Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millar, Richard] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653184 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800037 ER PT B AU Lange, M Anumolu, P Beranek, M Harres, D AF Lange, Michael Anumolu, Praveen Beranek, Mark Harres, Daniel GP IEEE TI THE SAE AS5603 LINK LOSS POWER BUDGET METHODOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE PLATFORMS STANDARD SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Lange, Michael] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. [Anumolu, Praveen] Northrop Grumman, Bethpage, NY USA. [Beranek, Mark] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Harres, Daniel] Boeing, St Louis, MO USA. RP Lange, M (reprint author), Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800038 ER PT B AU Enlow, D Sroga, J Christopher, A Mazurowski, J Ditto, D Hackert, M AF Enlow, David Sroga, Jeff Christopher, Anthony Mazurowski, John Ditto, David Hackert, Michael GP IEEE TI AUTOMATION: THE MEANS TO HIGH RELIABILITY AEROSPACE FIBER OPTIC CABLES SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Enlow, David; Sroga, Jeff] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA USA. [Christopher, Anthony] kSARIA Corp, Lawrence, MA 01844 USA. [Mazurowski, John; Ditto, David] Penn State Univ, Opt Elect Ctr, Freeport, PA USA. [Hackert, Michael] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enlow, D (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001499-20005]; Naval Air Systems Command [N0042103-D-0044] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract number N0001499-20005 and the Naval Air Systems Command under contract number N0042103-D-0044. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 91 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653191 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800044 ER PT S AU Liu, K Moore, C Buchler, R Bruner, P Fax, A Hinchman, JL Nguyen, BT Nelson, DE Ventrone, F Thorward, BR AF Liu, Kevin Moore, Christopher Buchler, Robert Bruner, Phil Fax, Alex Hinchman, Jacob L. Nguyen, Ba T. Nelson, David E. Ventrone, Fred Thorward, Brian R. GP IEEE TI Precision relative navigation solution for autonomous operations in close proximity SO 2008 IEEE/ION POSITION, LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, ON AB The ability to provide highly accurate and reliable relative navigation information in real time is a key enabling technology for autonomous operations between moving platforms in close proximity. Northrop Grumman's Navigation Systems Division (NSD) has developed an innovative approach to relative navigation that fuses Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudorange and carrier phase measurements with Inertial Navigation System (INS) data and implements a innovative approach to resolving the GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity to satisfy accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability requirements. This capability was recently demonstrated as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) program. During the final flight test phase, a Learjet-25 test aircraft autonomously performed station keeping and transitioning between various positions in close proximity to a KC-135R tanker, in a fashion typical of refueling maneuvers. The relative and absolute vehicle navigation data used by the autonomous flight control system were calculated using NSD's relative navigation algorithm and sensor data from two LN-251 Embedded GPS/INS (EGI) systems with embedded 24-channel GPS receivers, one on each vehicle. This paper will present and discuss the flight test results and performance. C1 [Liu, Kevin; Moore, Christopher; Buchler, Robert; Bruner, Phil; Fax, Alex] Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. [Hinchman, Jacob L.; Nguyen, Ba T.] AFRL, VACC, WPAFB, Cleveland, OH USA. [Nelson, David E.] NAVAIR, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ventrone, Fred] ARINC, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thorward, Brian R.] L 3 Comm Titan, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Nav Syst Div, Positioning Nav & Timing Solut, Woodland Hills, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4244-1536-6 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2008 BP 685 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIE50 UT WOS:000258922700083 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Laux, A AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan GP IEEE TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISPERSION IN HIGH BANDWIDTH UNDERWATER LASER COMMUNICATION LINKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A resurgence is occurring in the area of underwater laser communications. While acoustic systems are currently the more mature technology, they are ultimately band-limited to sub-MHz type data rates due to the frequency dependent absorption of acoustic energies in water. Advances in fiber optic and free space links have shown promise for optical links to provide data rates in excess of a gigabit per second. It is not surprising then, that laser links are being considered for Naval applications involving high bandwidth communications undersea. A major challenge in implementing optical links underwater arises from the spatial dispersion of photons due to scattering. Spatial spreading of the optical beam reduces the photon density at the receiver position. As such, optical links are only expected to be of greatest utility in links <100m. Nonetheless, it appears that end users may accept limited link range in exchange for the gain in information bandwidth that optical links may provide. Additionally, researchers continue to study how spatial spreading affects the time encoded portion of the transmitted optical signal. Temporal dispersion arising from multiple scattering events may result in inter-symbol interference (ISI), further limiting link range and/or capacity. Researchers at NAVAIR in Patuxent River MD are currently investigating both the spatial and temporal effects of scattering on a laser link in turbid underwater environments. These links utilize an intensity modulated beam to implement coherent digital modulation schemes such as PSK and QAM. Through both modeling and experiment, the underwater channel is characterized both spatially and temporally. Results are providing insight to system requirements of link range, pointing accuracy, photo-receiver requirements, modulation frequency, and optimal modulation format. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), NAVAIR, 22347 Cedar Point Rd,Bldg 2185 Ste 1100, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300017 ER PT J AU Lucas, SR Bass, CR Salzar, RS Oyen, ML Planchak, C Ziemba, A Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Lucas, Scott R. Bass, Cameron R. Salzar, Robert S. Oyen, Michelle L. Planchak, Chris Ziemba, Adam Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Viscoelastic properties of the cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE spine; ligament; viscoelasticity; strain-rate dependence; biomechanics ID MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT; DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; STRESS-RELAXATION; MECHANICAL MODEL; FRONTAL IMPACT; HUMAN AMNION AB The mechanical response of ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations is a necessary input into computational models that are used for injury assessment. However, this information frequently is not available for the ligaments that are routinely injured in fast-rate loading scenarios. In the current study, experiments were conducted at fast strain rates for the cervical spinal ligaments: the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum. Bone-ligament-bone complexes at three spine levels were harvested for mechanical testing. Displacement-controlled sub-failure uniaxial tensile tests were performed in both load-relaxation and sinusoidal conditions. A nonlinear (separable) viscoelastic model was used to examine the experimental data. An unexpected result of the modeling was that the instantaneous elastic functions could be approximated as linear for these strain rates. A five-parameter model was sufficient to characterize the ligament viscoelastic responses and had good predictive capacity under different applied loading conditions. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucas, Scott R.; Bass, Cameron R.; Salzar, Robert S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Oyen, Michelle L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Planchak, Chris] Naval Surface Warface Ctr Carderock Div, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. [Ziemba, Adam] Triodyne Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lucas, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM slucas@virginia.edu RI Oyen, Michelle/B-1600-2008; OI Oyen, Michelle/0000-0002-3428-748X NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.08.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243DB UT WOS:000251774000013 PM 17923449 ER PT S AU Merritt, SA AF Merritt, Scott A. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI A fast 2D/3D algorithm for georegistration and targeting SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVIII CY MAR 19-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE georegistraion; 2D/3D registration; image-based rendering; parametric registration; depth-based warping ID FRAMEWORK AB Targeting and precision-guided munitions rely on precise image and video registration. Current approaches for geo-registration typically utilize registration algorithms that operate in two-dimensional (M) transform spaces, in the absence of an underlying three-dimensional (3D) surface model. However, because of their two-dimensional motion assumptions, these algorithms place limitations on the types of imagery and collection geometries that can be used. Incorporating a 3D reference surface enables the use of 2D-to-3D registration algorithms and removes many such limitations. The author has previously demonstrated a fast 2D-to-3D registration algorithm for registration of live video to surface data extracted from medical images. The algorithm uses an illumination-tolerant gradient-descent based optimization to register a 2D image to 3D surface data in order to globally locate the camera's origin with respect to the 3D model. The rapid convergence of the algorithm is achieved through a reformulation of the optimization problem that allows many data elements to be re-used through multiple iterations. This paper details the extension of this algorithm to the more difficult problem of registering aerial imagery to terrain data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, SA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM scott.a.merritt@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7158-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6967 AR 69670T DI 10.1117/12.776941 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY02 UT WOS:000257316900024 ER PT J AU Washburn, EB Trivedi, JN Catoire, L Beckstead, MW AF Washburn, E. B. Trivedi, J. N. Catoire, L. Beckstead, M. W. TI The simulation of the combustion of micrometer-sized aluminum particles with steam SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum particle; combustion; kinetic controlled; water ID WIDE TEMPERATURE-RANGES; FLOW REACTOR KINETICS; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; SYSTEM; MODEL; ALCL; CL-2; HCL AB The Liang and Beckstead aluminum-particle combustion model has been successfully joined with a detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism. The model has been used to investigate the effect of oxidizer concentration, initial temperature, and pressure on the combustion of steam and micrometer-sized aluminum particles. The results compare well with experimental data investigating the effects of initial temperature and oxidizer concentration on burn time. The simulations and experimental data have opposite trends for the change in burn time as the pressure increased. The calculated flame temperature increases with increasing pressure, initial temperature, and oxidizer concentration. The effects of particle diameter, initial temperature, and pressure on the calculated flame temperature, flame structure, and species profiles were also investigated. C1 [Washburn, E. B.; Trivedi, J. N.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA USA. [Catoire, L.] CNRS, ICARE, F-75700 Paris, France. [Catoire, L.] Univ Orleans, F-45067 Orleans, France. [Beckstead, M. W.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Washburn, EB (reprint author), 1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Ephraim.washhburn@navy.mil NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 180 IS 8 BP 1502 EP 1517 DI 10.1080/00102200802125594 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 319CQ UT WOS:000257142100004 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, C Heider, D Crane, R Krauthauser, C Yoon, MK Gillespie, JW AF Ratcliffe, Colin Heider, Dirk Crane, Roger Krauthauser, Carl Yoon, Myung Keun Gillespie, John. W., Jr. TI Investigation into the use of low cost MEMS accelerometers for vibration based damage detection SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; carbon composites; vibration NDI; impact damage detection ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; DELAMINATION AB When a structure is damaged there is often a concomitant localized change in structural stiffness, which may affect the dynamic characteristics of the structure. One characteristic that has proved suitable for damage identification and location is the operational curvature shape which exhibits changing features at locations of stiffness change. A method that finds theses features, SIDER, employs an algorithm that operates on broadband operational curvature shapes. To obtain data for SIDER, a small number of accelerometers, typically about four, is installed on the Structure and the structure is then excited at a large array of test points using a 'roving hammer' technique. Frequency response functions are individually measured between each excitation point and the reference accelerometers, and the required operating curvature shapes are determined from the resulting array of frequency response functions. While setup of the experiment is reasonably quick, data acquisition can be time consuming and it is not easily amenable to automation. This paper investigates ail alternative approach, which relies on the reciprocity theorem. An array of response transducers is installed on the structure, and then only a few locations are excited. There are significant benefits to this method, including the possibility of automation and remote sensing. The cost of hundreds of conventional accelerometers can be prohibitive, and therefore this project investigated using an array of low cost MEMS accelerometers. MEMS are also attractive in that they may be embedded into a composite structure during manufacture. In the study reported here the roving hammer and MEMS array methods are compared by testing a composite vertical stabilizer (tail plane) from an Airbus A320 aircraft. Despite the different test procedures, and the lower quality of the MEMS transducers, it is shown that ail array of low cost MEMS transducers can determine results comparable with those obtained using high performance transducers. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Ratcliffe, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ratcliff@usna.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.11.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 226EF UT WOS:000250569600007 ER PT J AU Kang, P Dalvie, DK Smith, EB Renner, M AF Kang, Ping Dalvie, Deepak K. Smith, Evan B. Renner, Matt TI BIOACTIVATION OF LUMIRACOXIB BY P450S AND PEROXIDASES SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Kang, Ping] Pfizer, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Dalvie, Deepak K.; Smith, Evan B.] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Renner, Matt] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, La Jolla Reseach Support, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 188 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500181 ER PT J AU Dalvie, D Kang, P Obach, RS Prakash, C Bu, HZ Smith, EB Goulet, L Nedderman, A Hurst, S Loi, CM Smith, DA AF Dalvie, Deepak Kang, Ping Obach, R. Scott Prakash, Chandra Bu, Hai-Zhi Smith, Evan B. Goulet, Lance Nedderman, Angus Hurst, Susan Loi, Cho-Ming Smith, Dennis Allen TI CAN WE MAKE RELIABLE EXTRAPOLATIONS OF HUMAN DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATIONS USING IN VITRO SYSTEMS? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Dalvie, Deepak] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Kang, Ping] Pfizer Inc, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Prakash, Chandra; Hurst, Susan] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Pdm, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Bu, Hai-Zhi; Smith, Evan B.; Goulet, Lance; Loi, Cho-Ming] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Nedderman, Angus] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, CA, England. [Smith, Dennis Allen] Pfizer Global R&D, Dept PDM IPC 326, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 210 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500203 ER PT J AU Lee, CA Fenner, KS Kempshall, S Cook, J Ware, JA Troutman, MD AF Lee, Caroline A. Fenner, Katherine S. Kempshall, Sarah Cook, Jack Ware, Joseph Alan Troutman, Matthew D. TI CLINICAL SIGNIFICANT P-GLYCOPROTEIN DRUG INTERACTIONS? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Lee, Caroline A.] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Fenner, Katherine S.; Kempshall, Sarah] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, Sandwich, Kent, England. [Cook, Jack] Pfizer, Clin Pharmacol, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Ware, Joseph Alan] Pfizer Global Rsch & Develop, Dept PKDM, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Troutman, Matthew D.] Pfizer Inc, Dept PDM, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 316 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500309 ER PT S AU Antonio, JC AF Antonio, Joseph C. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Display content in advanced NVG and HMD systems: a pilot/flight surgeon's concerns SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision goggle; NVG; helmet mounted display; HMD; HMD aircraft integration; hyperstereopsis AB Night vision goggles have been in use for many years and limitations in their use have been well studied through training research and flight experience. However, advances in technology have led to improvements in NVG display capabilities and in some cases helmet mounted display (HMD) technology has begun replacing NVG systems. These advances have led to an increase in the complexity of imaged scene content, thus requiring a greater level of cognitive effort for interpretation, especially when compared to the images provided by current NVG systems. In some cases the complexity of visual imagery has resulted in systems not being classified as operationally suitable. This presentation will focus on a few of the problems noted while testing some of these advanced systems. Topics will include: added complexity of imagery in wide-field-of-view (WFOV) NVG systems, effects due to imagery created by sensors displaced from the normal eye position (increased interocular separation), effects due to imagery projected onto see-through visor designs, and effects resulting from cockpit design/geometry (e.g., location and design of large-format head-down displays, and the position of structures such as window frames). Training concerns and potential mitigation strategies for HMD design concepts will also be covered. The issues discussed are important for manufacturers to understand during the early design phase, and for testers to understand during developmental or operational testing. C1 NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Antonio, JC (reprint author), NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 695502 DI 10.1117/12.785062 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100001 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Hollins, RA AF Chapman, Robert D. Hollins, Richard A. TI Benzylamine-free, heavy-metal-free synthesis of CL-20 via hexa(1-propenyl)hexaazaisowurtzitane SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop CY NOV, 2006 CL Washington, DC DE CL-20; hexa-allylhexaazaisowurtzitane; hexa(1-propenyl)hexa-azaisowurtzitane; hexa-nitro-hexa-azaisowurtzitane; polyformylhexa-azaisowurtzitane ID PHOTO-OXYGENATION; MECHANISM; ENAMINES; CLEAVAGE; ACID AB Base-catalyzed isomerization of recently reported hexaallylhexaazaisowurtzitane produced a new derivative, hexa(1-propenyl)hexaazaisowurtzitane (HPIW). Photooxygenation of this intermediate by singlet oxygen oxidized most of the 1-propenyl substituents to formyl substituents. The course of this reaction of singlet oxygen with HPIW involves peroxide intermediates, which may include relatively stable macrocyclic (tetroxocane) derivatives. The resulting nitrolyzable polyformylhexaazaisowurtzitane was found to be a promisingly efficient new precursor to CL-20 (in a single preliminary experiment without any process development). The new intermediate HPIW also underwent direct nitrolysis to form CL-20, though not as efficiently as its photooxygenation product did. C1 [Chapman, Robert D.; Hollins, Richard A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch,Res Div,Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch,Res Div,Res & Intelligence Dept, Chem Branch Code 4L4200D,1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 246 EP 273 DI 10.1080/07370650802182385 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 335BA UT WOS:000258264600005 ER PT J AU Bridges, DH Donnelly, MJ Park, JT AF Bridges, David H. Donnelly, Martin J. Park, Joel T. TI Experimental investigation of the submarine crashback maneuver SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In order to decelerate a forward-moving submarine rapidly, often the propeller of the submarine is placed abruptly into reverse rotation, causing the propeller to generate a thrust force in the direction opposite to the submarine's motion. This maneuver is known as the "crashback" maneuver. During crashback, the relative flow velocities in the vicinity of the propeller lead to the creation of a ring vortex around the propeller. This vortex has an unsteady asymmetry, which produces off-axis forces and moments on the propeller that are transmitted to the submarine. Tests were conducted in the William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel using an existing submarine model and propeller. A range of steady crashback conditions with fixed tunnel and propeller speeds was investigated. The dimensionless force and moment data were found to collapse well when plotted against the parameter eta, which is defined as the ratio of the actual propeller speed to the propeller speed required for self-propulsion in forward motion. Unsteady crashback maneuvers were also investigated with two different types of simulations in which propeller and tunnel speeds were allowed to vary. It was noted during these simulations that the peak out-of-plane force and moment coefficient magnitudes in some cases exceeded those observed during the steady crashback measurements. Flow visualization and LDV studies showed that the ring vortex structure varied from an elongated vortex structure centered downstream of the propeller to a more compact structure that was located nearer the propeller as eta became more negative, up to eta=-0.8. For more negative values of eta, the vortex core appeared to move out toward the propeller tip. C1 [Bridges, David H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MI USA. [Donnelly, Martin J.; Park, Joel T.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bridges, DH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MI USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011103 DI 10.1115/1.2813123 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 260NW UT WOS:000253018000003 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI A proposal for a gradient magnetometer atom interferometer SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 06-FEB 10, 2008 CL Snowbird, UT DE magnetometry; atom interferometry; precision sensors ID DYNAMICS; ROTATION AB We propose the utilization of atom interferometry techniques for the measurement of magnetic fields in noisy environments. We find that the interferometer we propose is insensitive (to first order) to the magnetic field but is sensitive to the field gradient. We propose a technique by which a superposition of magnetically sensitive states (a beam splitter) can be achieved. We experimentally demonstrate our techniques to null the magnetic field at the location of a cold atom cloud and how we can probe the population of magnetic sublevels. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 19-20 BP 3173 EP 3185 DI 10.1080/09500340802468633 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 385GS UT WOS:000261803300009 ER PT J AU Moon, S Simmerman, C AF Moon, Suresh Simmerman, Clyde TI The art of helicopter usage spectrum development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 01-03, 2005 CL Grapevine, TX SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB In the past 15 years, the Navy has conducted a number of different usage surveys for helicopter models, such as AH-1W, H-46, H-60, and H-3, in an effort to better define fleet usage and to develop accurate usage spectra for each model. The surveys were conducted with various structural usage monitoring systems (SUMSs), such as onboard regime recognition, flight parameter recording, and limited flight parameter recording with a low-cost usage monitoring system. The number of aircraft involved in the survey was 50,20, W, and 7 for the AH-1W, H-46, H-60, and H-3, respectively. The surveys ranged in duration from months to years. This paper presents an innovative technique to use in data recording, sampling, RAM, and storage memory for various monitoring systems and the systematic approach of usage spectrum development using statistical cumulative frequency distribution of usages. The sensitivity of usage spectrum on rotating component fatigue life is studied and used in the usage spectrum refinement. Further optimization of the usage spectrum is carried out with respect to cycle counting and prorating of angle of bank, altitude, velocity, and gross weight. In addition, the contribution of usage spectrum to reliability of computed retirement life is studied. The usage spectra developed using SUMSs are compared with design, operational, and classical AR-56 spectra for various classes of helicopters. The present analysis leads to the conclusion that additional usage monitoring should be conducted to enhance the database, aid in refinement of AR-56 spectra to reflect the actual modern fleet utilization of Navy helicopters, and update associated requirements. Individual helicopter usage monitoring is essential to enhance flight safety and to identify possible logistics cost savings. C1 [Simmerman, Clyde] USN, Rotary Wing Team Lead, Aircraft Strength Branch, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM Suresh.Moon@L-3com.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 68 EP 86 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300006 ER PT J AU Sorensen, DN Knott, DL Bell, RF AF Sorensen, D. N. Knott, D. L. Bell, R. F. TI Two-gram DTA as a thermal compatibility tool SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th National Conference on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical Thermodynamics CY DEC 11-15, 2006 CL Milan, ITALY DE compatibility; DTA; explosive; propellant AB A useful alternative to the standard techniques described by the North American Treaty Organization STANAG 4147 for determining thermal compatibilities of an energetic with other materials could be a simple 2-gram scale Differential Thermal Analysis (2gDTA). The 2gDTA system consists of samples introduced into standard size test tubes inserted into a controlled aluminum-heating block. Relatively inexpensive thermocouples are used for both temperature control and data collection. Cost of the entire system is much less than any commercial DSC. Since valuable instrumentation need not be protected, the 2gDTA allows thermal decomposition reactions to proceed to complete runaway, mimicking the true worst-case scenario. C1 [Sorensen, D. N.; Knott, D. L.; Bell, R. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sorensen, DN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM daniel.n.sorensen@navy.mil NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10973-006-8162-5 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 258SG UT WOS:000252889200046 ER PT J AU Zugger, ME Messmer, A Kane, TJ Prentice, J Concannon, B Laux, A Mullen, L AF Zugger, Michael E. Messmer, Alicia Kane, Timothy J. Prentice, Jennifer Concannon, Brian Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda TI Optical scattering properties of phytoplankton: Measurements and comparison of various species at scattering angles between 1 degrees and 170 degrees SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VOLUME; ATTENUATION; OCEAN; CELLS; SIZE AB We describe the results of a laboratory scattering experiment performed to investigate differences in the optical scattering properties between five common phytoplankton species (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana, Nanochloropsis, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira weissflogii). Data sets were taken at scattering angles 1 degrees to 170 degrees at incident polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the scattering plane. Differences between the species were especially apparent in the slopes at near-forward (1 degrees-10 degrees) angles and the enhanced scattering at near-backward (150 degrees-165 degrees) angles. There were also notable differences observed between the depolarization ratios, especially at scattering angles between 70 degrees and 110 degrees. The data are shown to be not only helpful in differentiating several species from each other, but also in separating the phytoplankton from bubble/hydrosol contributions to the ocean's inherent optical properties. The results presented here motivate the development of in situ large-angle polarimetric scatterometers and associated retrieval algorithms. C1 [Zugger, Michael E.; Kane, Timothy J.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Messmer, Alicia; Kane, Timothy J.] Penn State Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Prentice, Jennifer; Concannon, Brian; Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kane, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0381 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500033 ER PT J AU Wise, SK Ghegan, MD Gorham, E Schlosser, RJ AF Wise, Sarah K. Ghegan, Mark D. Gorham, Edward Schlosser, Rodney J. TI Socioeconomic factors in the diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SINUSITIS; EROSION AB OBJECTIVES: 1) To investigate socioeconomic and demographic factors differentiating allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) from other chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnostic groups. 2) To consider the potential impact of epidemiological differences on AFRS disease course. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. STUDY METHODS: Retrospective review of AFRS patients, CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without AFRS, and CRS patients without polyps (CRSsNP). Analysis of group differences was per-formed for age at presentation, gender, ethnicity, insurance status. and socioeconomic measures with the use of medical records and a South Carolina demographic database. RESULTS: AFRS presentation age was lower than CRSwNP and CRSsNP (P < 0.001). The AFRS group had more African Americans (P < 0.001) and uninsured or Medicaid patients (P < 0.001) than expected. AFRS patients resided in counties with higher poverty percentage (P = 0.011), lower median income (P = 0.048). and more African American residents (P = 0.020) than CRSsNP patients. No group differences existed for gender or physicians per 1000 county residents. CONCLUSION: Demographic and socioeconomic factors may affect AFRS presentation and treatment. (C) 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Wise, Sarah K.; Ghegan, Mark D.; Schlosser, Rodney J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Wise, Sarah K.] Emory Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gorham, Edward] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Special Programs Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schlosser, RJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 135 Rutledge Ave,Suite 1130,POB 250550, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM schlossr@musc.edu NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.10.020 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 250ES UT WOS:000252283400007 PM 18164991 ER PT S AU Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Lu, ZQ Otani, M Thomas, E Green, M Tran, TN Dilley, N Elsner, N Hogan, T Li, Q Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Nolas, G Tritt, T AF Lowhorn, Nathan D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Lu, Z. Q. Otani, M. Thomas, E. Green, M. Tran, T. N. Dilley, N. Elsner, N. Hogan, T. Li, Q. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Nolas, G. Tritt, T. BE Kim, I TI Round-robin studies of two potential seebeck coefficient standard reference materials SO PROCEEDINGS ICT 07: TWENTY-SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS SE International Conference on Thermoelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT'07) CY JUN 03-05, 2007 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Thermoelect Soc, Int Thermoelect Soc, Inst Elect & Electron Engn, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; MERIT AB The scientific activities of NIST include the development and distribution of standard reference materials (SRM (TM)) for instrument calibration and inter-laboratory data comparison. Full characterization of a thermoelectric material requires measurement of the electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. While standard reference materials exist or have existed for the first two properties, Seebeck coefficient standard reference materials are not available. In an effort to expedite research efforts in this field, we have initiated a project to develop a Seebeck coefficient SRM (TM) material.. Currently, we have completed a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials, Bi2Te3 and constantan (55% Cu and 45% Ni). In this paper, we summarize our plan and development effort, including the results and the methodology used for the round-robin measurement survey. C1 [Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Lu, Z. Q.; Otani, M.; Thomas, E.; Green, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Dilley, N.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Elsner, N.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Hogan, T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Venkatasubramanian, R.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Corp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] GM R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lowhorn, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-2734 BN 978-1-4244-2262-3 J9 INT CONF THERMOELECT PY 2008 BP 366 EP 370 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIC12 UT WOS:000258325700088 ER PT B AU Zoccola, P Stewart, D Goody, M Farabee, T AF Zoccola, Paul Stewart, Devin Goody, Michael Farabee, Theodore GP ASME TI Noise due to flow over a rotating cylinder with surface roughness SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUND; WALL AB An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the scaling properties of noise due to flow over rough surfaces under conditions similar to those that would be found on a full scale marine vessel. Noise due to the flow over the surface of a rotating cylinder in a quiescent medium was measured. Vertical profiles of streamwise mean velocity over the cylinder were also measured. Measurements with various roughness element spacings suggest that for L/R > 6, noise from individual roughness elements is independent of other elements. The spectral density of radiated noise was proportional to V-7 for large values of the roughness height (450 < R+ < 1700). Measurements made at R+ = 18 seem to scale best at V-5. This suggests that the noise generation mechanism for large values of R, is different than that for small values of R+. C1 [Zoccola, Paul; Stewart, Devin; Goody, Michael; Farabee, Theodore] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zoccola, P (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600008 ER PT B AU Goody, M Farabee, T Lee, YT AF Goody, Michael Farabee, Theodore Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI Unsteady pressures on the surface of a ship hull SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; WALL-PRESSURE; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTRA; FLOW; RESOLUTION AB The unsteady surface pressures caused by turbulent boundary layer flow are a source of sound and vibration. Unsteady surface pressure measurements at locations distributed on the surface of a ship model hull were carried out in order to characterize this source. The pressure measurement locations were distributed over the hull surface from 15% to 70% of the model length. There were several additional pressure measurement locations on the hull surface adjacent to the bow wave. The measurements were performed in the David Taylor Model Basin. The surface pressure spectra collapse to a single curve when scaled by canonical boundary layer variables at measurement locations aft of the bow wave. Additionally, measurements at several of these locations indicate that the pressure sources are convected at 50% to 80% of the free-stream velocity. Both of these observations are similar to equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. The measured surface pressure spectra compare well to predictions done using an empirical model that is based on historical, equilibrium, surface pressure spectra. At low frequencies, the measured surface pressure spectra also compare well to prediction done at lower Reynolds number using a Reynolds Averged Navier-Stokes Statistical Model. C1 [Goody, Michael; Farabee, Theodore; Lee, Yu-Tai] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Goody, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600009 ER PT B AU Anderson, J Stewart, D Goody, M Zoccola, P AF Anderson, Jason Stewart, Devin Goody, Michael Zoccola, Paul GP ASME TI Sound from flow over a rough surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; SMOOTH; NOISE AB The mechanism for sound production from flow over a rough surface is not well understood. Measurements of radiated noise and low-wavenumber unsteady surface pressures were carried out in order to better understand the sound production mechanism. The initial results of an ongoing experimental investigation of the sound produced by flow over a rough surface are presented. In order to investigate scaling relationships, the flow speed, roughness height, and roughness element distribution were varied. Previous investigations have reported roughness noise levels that scale on flow velocity, roughness height, and fetch area and have indicated that the sound production may be dipole or quadrupole in nature. Prevailing analytical models assume that both types of sources are present. The scaling of roughness noise for large roughness height (k(+) = u(tau)k/v of order 1000) has not been investigated previously and is part of the current study. The scaling behavior of low-wavenumber surface pressures is discussed, in addition to the comparison of radiated noise spectra obtained by phased microphone array measurements. C1 [Anderson, Jason; Stewart, Devin; Goody, Michael; Zoccola, Paul] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 87 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600010 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Ahuja, V Hosangadi, A Slipper, ME Mulvihill, LP Birkbeck, R Coleman, RM AF Lee, Yu-Tai Ahuja, Vineet Hosangadi, Ashvin Slipper, Michael E. Mulvihill, Lawrence P. Birkbeck, Roger Coleman, Roderick M. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF AN AIR SUPPLY CENTRIFUGAL FAN FOR AIR CUSHION VEHICLE: IMPELLER DESIGN AND VALIDATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID VOLUTE INTERACTION; PUMP AB A design method is presented for re-designing the double-discharge, double-width, double-inlet (DWDI) centrifugal impeller for the lift fans of a hovercraft. Given the current high performance of impellers, the design strategy uses a computational method, which is capable of predicting flow separation and vortex-dominated flow fields, enabling a detailed comparison of all aerodynamic losses. The design method, assuming a weak interaction between the impeller and the volute, employs a blade optimization procedure and several effective flow path modifications. Simplified CFD calculations were performed on fans with two existing impellers and the newly designed impeller to evaluate the impeller design criterion. The calculation was made with the impeller/volute coupling calculation and a frozen impeller assumption. Further refined CFD calculations, including the gap between the stationary bellmouth and the rotating shroud, revealed a reduction in the new impeller's gain in efficiency due to the gap. The calculations also further supported the necessity of matching the volute and the impeller to improve the fan's overall efficiency. Measured data of three fans validated CFD predictions in pressure rise at design and off-design conditions. CFD calculations also demonstrated the Reynolds number effect between the model- and full-scale fans. Power reduction data were compared between the measurements and the predictions along with the original design requirements. C1 [Lee, Yu-Tai; Mulvihill, Lawrence P.; Coleman, Roderick M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM yu.lee@navy.mil; vineet@craft-tech.com; hosangad@craft-tech.com; michael.slipper@navy.mil; lawrence.mulvihill@navy.mil; rbirkbeck@craft-tech.com; roderick.coleman@navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 2273 EP 2285 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646901042 ER PT S AU Sechrist, ZA Piestun, R George, SM AF Sechrist, Zachary A. Piestun, Rafael George, Steven M. BE Wetter, NU Frejlich, J TI Atomic layer deposition of tungsten thin films on opals in the visible region SO RIAO/OPTILAS 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Ibero-American Meeting on Optics/9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications (RIAO/OPTILAS) CY OCT 21-26, 2007 CL Campinas, BRAZIL SP State Sao Paulo Res Fdn, State Univ Campinas, Phys Inst Gleb Wataghin, Brazilian Soc Phys, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, Opt Soc Amer, Int Soc Opt Engn, Int Commiss Opt, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, European Opt Soc, Univ Campinas Res Fdn, Natl Council High Level Educ ID BAND-GAP MATERIALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EMISSION; SPHERES AB Thin films of tungsten (W) were deposited on opal templates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Varying fill fractions of W ALD were deposited uniformly inside the opal structure. Fill fractions in the opal were varied from 14% to 79% W ALD to observe variations in the stop band edge location and intensity. The stop band edge was predicted to occur at lambda=432nm based on the geometry of the W ALD coated opal. No stop band edge was observed at lambda=432nm for any W ALD fill fraction. These experiments showed that the W coated opal's poor performance was not an issue of W uniformity or fill fraction. The incident radiation in visible region was above the W ALD plasma frequency, thus reducing the reflectivity of the W ALD film. The visible light was transmitted through the W, and was absorbed in a distance too short to allow any Bragg reflections. C1 [Sechrist, Zachary A.] USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Piestun, Rafael] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sechrist, ZA (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0304650]; National Science Foundation-Office of Navy Research Navy Civilian Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation award number DMI-0304650 and by the National Science Foundation-Office of Navy Research Navy Civilian Fellowship Program. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0511-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 992 BP 507 EP + PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR90 UT WOS:000255857900089 ER PT J AU Cross, TA Davis, MC AF Cross, Tara A. Davis, Matthew C. TI Synthesis of hydroxyalkyl-substituted, push-pull chromophores based on diphenylacetylenes and 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE iodination; 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol; palladium; phenylacetylenes; sonogashira ID ARYL HALIDES; COUPLING REACTIONS; PALLADIUM; IODINATION; DERIVATIVES; CHARCOAL; SYSTEMS AB Six new push-pull chromophores based on phenylacetylenes were prepared: two 1,2-diphenylacetylenes and four 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes. The donor amino groups have hydroxyethyl substituents, and the acceptor groups are cyano or nitro. More soluble versions were made by including two methoxy groups on the central phenyl ring. C1 [Cross, Tara A.; Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 EI 1532-2432 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 499 EP 516 DI 10.1080/00397910701796584 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 260WY UT WOS:000253042300003 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Dahl, JEP Carlson, RMK AF Davis, Matthew C. Dahl, Jeremy E. P. Carlson, Robert M. K. TI Preparation of diisocyanates of adamantane and diamantane SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adamantane; diamantane; diisocyanates; Curtius rearrangement; triphosgene ID ISOCYANATES AB The 1,6- and 4,9-diisocyanates of diamantane have been prepared for the first time by treatment of the corresponding diamines with triphosgene. Also, 1,3-diisocyanatoadamantane was prepared through double Curtius rearrangement of 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Dahl, Jeremy E. P.; Carlson, Robert M. K.] Chevron Technol Ventures, Mol Diamond Technol, Richmond, CA USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1153 EP 1158 DI 10.1080/00397910701865926 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 281OL UT WOS:000254507300001 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Irvin, DJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Irvin, David J. TI 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine tetracarbamate from dinicotinic acid SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amino; Curtius rearrangement; hydrogenation; nitration; pyridine ID THERMALLY STABLE POLYMERS; CHEMISTRY AB The tetraethylcarbamate of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine was synthesized using dinicotinic acid as starting material in 10 steps with 23% overall yield. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1080/00397910701865942 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 281OL UT WOS:000254507300002 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Bagge, W Webber, C Zarras, P Davis, MC AF Anderson, Nichole Bagge, Whitney Webber, Cindy Zarras, Peter Davis, Matthew C. TI Procedure for the Rapid Synthesis of the Monomer 1,4-Bis(chloromethyl)-2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxybenzene SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chloromethylation; conducting polymer; 2-ethylhexyl bromide; MEH-PPV; poly(p-phenylvinylene); potassium tert-butoxide ID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; DIODES AB The alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with 2-ethylhexyl bromide was accelerated by using potassium tert-butoxide in dimethylformamide. Subsequent chloromethylation occurred quickly using acetic acid as a cosolvent to give the poly[(2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-p-phenylene)vinylene] (MEH-PPV) monomer in 61% overall yield on a 2-mol scale. C1 [Anderson, Nichole; Bagge, Whitney; Webber, Cindy; Zarras, Peter; Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Environmental Security Technology [WP-0527] FX The financial support of the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Project Number WP-0527 managed by Dr. Bruce D. Sartwell is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Drs. Jennifer A. Irvin and David J. Irvin (China Lake) for kindly supplying 2-ethylhexyl bromide. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3903 EP 3908 DI 10.1080/00397910802238775 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 362PQ UT WOS:000260210000005 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Parrish, DA AF Davis, Matthew C. Parrish, Damon A. TI Synthesis of 4-(N,N-Dialkylamino) benzyltriphenylphosphonium Iodides from Hydroxymethyltriphenylphosphonium Iodide and N,N-Dialkylaniline SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Formaldehyde; N,N-dialkylaniline; triphenylphosphine; Wittig ID HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE; CHROMOPHORES; FORMALDEHYDE; SALTS AB Reinvestigation of the one-pot synthesis of 4-(N,N-dialkylamino)benzyltriphenylphosphonium iodides has shown that the product forms after the initial condensation of triphenylphosphine upon formaldehyde. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The financial support from the Office of Naval Research in gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Andrew P. Chafin (NAWCWD) for comments and suggestions about the manuscript. Thanks to Dr. Robert D. Chapman (NAWCWD) for the generous loan of the inverse Dean-Stark trap. Thanks to Drs. Brian Zentner and Hung Hoang (both of NAWCWD) for supplying the triphenylphosphine. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3909 EP 3918 DI 10.1080/00397910802238783 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 362PQ UT WOS:000260210000006 ER PT J AU Stierstorfer, J Klapotke, TM Hammerl, A Chapman, RD AF Stierstorfer, Joerg Klapoetke, Thomas M. Hammerl, Anton Chapman, Robert D. TI 5-azido-1H-tetrazole - Improved synthesis, crystal structure and sensitivity data SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE azidotetrazole; crystal structure; DSC; DIFT calculations; sensitivities; azides; nitrogen heterocycles ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HYDRAZINIUM SALTS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MP2 ENERGY; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; AZIDE; 5,5'-AZOTETRAZOLATE; REFINEMENT AB Due to the highly explosive nature of 5-azido-1H-tetrazole (1), its characterization has not been fully described in the literature yet. In addition, the previously published crystal structure was of low quality, and therefore the position of the hydrogen atom was not certain. In order to resolve these problems, 1 was prepared in an improved synthesis, and the results of the subsequent detailed reinvestigation and characterization are given. The reaction of cyanogen bromide with two equivalents of sodium azide at low temperatures yielded sodium 5-azidotetrazolate, which was protonated using dilute hydrochloric acid. The product 1 was isolated and characterized using multinuclear (H-1, C-13, N-15) NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of 1 in the crystalline state was determined using low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the optimized gas-phase structures of the 5-azido-1H-tetrazole and 5-azido-2H-tetrazole isomers were calculated (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ) and the electronic energies were compared. The heat of formation of 1 was calculated and several detonation parameters were estimated using the EXPLO5 software. The thermal behavior was investigated using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and the sensitivity of this highly energetic material was tested using the BAM drophammer, ESD and friction tester. X-ray: 1: monoclinic, P2(1/c), a = 13.265(2) angstrom, b = 4.9693(6) angstrom, c = 16.304(3) angstrom, beta = 127.04(1)degrees, V = 857.9(3) angstrom(3), Z = 8, p = 1.720 g cm(-3). C1 [Stierstorfer, Joerg; Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Hammerl, Anton] Univ Munich, Dept Chem & Biochem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Chapman, Robert D.] USN, Air Syst Command, Chem Branch, Div Res,Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Klapotke, TM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Chem & Biochem, Butenandstr 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. EM tmk@cup.uni-muenchen.de RI Stierstorfer, Joerg/B-5261-2015; Klapoetke, Thomas/B-6055-2014 OI Stierstorfer, Joerg/0000-0002-2105-1275; Klapoetke, Thomas/0000-0003-3276-1157 NR 78 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2008 VL 634 IS 6-7 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1002/zaac.200800003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 305IU UT WOS:000256172500011 ER PT J AU Smith, B Smith, TC Gray, GC Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Gray, Gregory C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI When epidemiology meets the internet: Web-based surveys in the millennium cohort study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; epidemiologic methods; health surveys; Internet; longitudinal studies; military personnel; questionnaires ID PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY SERVICE; GULF-WAR; PRIME-MD; POPULATION; HEALTH; VALIDATION; VETERANS; ALCOHOL; UTILITY AB Almost 60% of American households were connected to the Internet in 2001, when the Millennium Cohort Study, the largest longitudinal study ever undertaken by the Department of Defense, was launched. To facilitate survey completion, increase data integrity, and encourage cohort retention while maintaining the highest standards of participant privacy, an online questionnaire was made available on the World Wide Web in addition to a traditional paper questionnaire sent via US mail. Over 50% of 77,047 participants chose to enroll in the study via the Web, affording substantial cost savings to the project. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors compared the demographic and health characteristics of Web responders with those of paper responders. Web responders were slightly more likely to be male, to be younger, to have a high school diploma or college degree, and to work in information technology or another technical occupation. Web responders were more likely to be obese and to smoke more cigarettes and were less likely to be problem alcohol drinkers and to report occupational exposures. Question completion rates were 98.3%, on average, for both Web and paper responders. Web responders provided more complete contact information, including their e-mail addresses. These results demonstrate the value of survey research conducted over the Internet in concert with traditional mail survey strategies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa.Smith@med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 11 BP 1345 EP 1354 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm212 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 232QN UT WOS:000251034300016 PM 17728269 ER PT J AU Smith, B Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Macera, CA Patterson, TL Slymen, DJ AF Smith, Besa Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Macera, Caroline A. Patterson, Thomas L. Slymen, Donald J. TI US military deployment during 2001-2006: Comparison of subjective and objective data sources in a large prospective health study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health status; Health Surveys; military medicine; military personnel; Veterans ID GULF-WAR; MILLENNIUM COHORT; VETERANS; SF-36; COEFFICIENT; AGREEMENT; PERSONNEL AB PURPOSE: Studies researching service members' health after deployment have relied on self-reported deployment history, although validity of these data remains unknown. This study compared self-reported and electronic deployment data and explored differences in functional health. METHODS: Self-reported and military deployment data were compared for more than 51,000 participants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study (2004-2006). Kappa statistics were used to measure agreement. Analysis of variance was used to assess functional health, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V). RESULTS: Of 51,741 participants who completed the initial deployment question, objective records and self-report agreed in 47,355 (92%). Agreement was substantial for deployment status, frequency, and number of deployments (kappa = 0.81, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively). Deployment start dates agreed within 1 month for 82% of participants confirmed as deployed once. Participants' Mental and Physical Component Summary scores from the SF-36V did not differ by agreement level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate substantial agreement between self-reported and objective deployment information and no clinically meaningful differences in functional health for the small proportion with inconsistent deployment information. These findings should be reassuring to investigators who examine military deployment as a determinant of future health. C1 [Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Besa; Wingard, Deborah L.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Macera, Caroline A.; Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Patterson, Thomas L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07-102 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241HE UT WOS:000251646700006 PM 17923418 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Sausen, KP Potterat, EG Mujica-Parodi, LR Reis, JP Markham, AE Padilla, GA Taylor, DL AF Taylor, Marcus K. Sausen, Kenneth P. Potterat, Eric G. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Reis, Jared P. Markham, Amanda E. Padilla, Genieleah A. Taylor, Deborah L. TI Stressful military training: Endocrine reactivity, performance, and psychological impact SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cortisol; DHEAS; hormones; survival ID PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; DHEA; DISSOCIATION; CORTISOL; SURVIVAL; SYMPTOMS; PTSD AB Introduction: We examined the responsiveness of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to the stress of survival training in military men and evaluated relationships to performance, peritraumatic dissociation, and the subsequent impact of stressful events. Methods: Baseline salivary cortisol samples were self-collected by 19 men at 0900 and 1930 in a free-living (FL) environment. DHEAS samples were also collected in a subset of this sample (N = 12). Samples were subsequently taken at similar time points during a stressful captivity (SC) phase of training. Repeated-measures analyses of variance with follow-up paired t-tests examined differences across time and conditions. Results: Significant increases were observed at both time points (0900 and 1930) from FL to SC in both cortisol (0900: 9.2 +/- 3.4 nmol . L-1 vs. 18.4 +/- 10.5 nmol . L-1; 1930: 3.5 +/- 3.0 nmol . L-1 vs. 27.7 +/- 10.9 nmol . L-1) and DHEAS (0900: 1.7 . 1.3 ng . ml(-1) vs. 6.7 +/- 3.5 ng . ml(-1); 1930: 1.5 +/- 0.84 ng . ml(-1) vs. 4.5 +/- 3.0 ng . ml(-1)). Also, overall performance during a high-intensity captivity-related challenge was inversely related to the DHEAS-cortisol ratio; conversely, overall performance during a low-intensity captivity-related challenge was positively related to DHEAS at the 0900 time point during SC. Dissociation was unrelated to endocrine indices measured during SC, while total impact of events was inversely related to percent change in DHEAS from FL to SC. Conclusions: Cortisol and DHEAS increase in response to allostatic load, and may relate to human performance during SC as well as PTSD symptoms. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Taylor, DL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162,PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil OI Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne/0000-0002-3752-5519 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1143 EP 1149 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2151.2007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 237EF UT WOS:000251355700008 PM 18064919 ER PT J AU Lee, EW Oppenheim, T Robinson, K Aridkahari, B Neylan, N Gebreyesus, D Richardson, M Arzate, M Bove, C Iskandar, M Sanchez, C Toss, E Martinez, I Arenas, D Ogren, J Mclennan, J Clark, R Frazier, WE Es-Said, OS AF Lee, E. W. Oppenheim, T. Robinson, K. Aridkahari, B. Neylan, N. Gebreyesus, D. Richardson, M. Arzate, M. Bove, C. Iskandar, M. Sanchez, C. Toss, E. Martinez, I. Arenas, D. Ogren, J. Mclennan, J. Clark, R. Frazier, W. E. Es-Said, O. S. TI The effect of thermal exposure on the electrical conductivity and static mechanical behavior of several age hardenable aluminum alloys SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis (ICEFA-2) CY SEP 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Elsevier, Engn Failure Anal DE thermal exposure; heat damage; heat treatable aluminum alloys; correlations between physical and mechanical properties ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Aluminum alloys 2014-T6, 2024-T3, 6061-T6, 7050-T7451, and 7075-T6 were thermally exposed at different times (1 min to 20 days) and temperatures 177-482 degrees C (350-900 F). This study was conducted to simulate the effects of heat damage on aluminum alloys and to determine the correlations existing between the static mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Results indicate that at the temperatures below 260 degrees C (500 F) all five alloys showed clear correlations between the mechanical and physical properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Naval Air Depot N Isl, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1538 EP 1549 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.12.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 192WE UT WOS:000248233300012 ER PT J AU Summers, EM Lograsso, TA Wun-Fogle, M AF Summers, E. M. Lograsso, T. A. Wun-Fogle, M. TI Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AT-PERCENT GA; HEAT-TREATMENT; IRON-GALLIUM; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; AL ALLOYS; SYSTEM; DEPENDENCE; CONSTITUTION; DIAGRAM; MAGNETOELASTICITY AB This article will review the development of the Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloy system for magnetostriction applications including work on substitutional ternary alloying additions for magnetic property enhancement. A majority of the alloying addition research has focused on substitutional ternary elements in Bridgman grown single crystals with the intent of improving the magnetostrictive capability of the Galfenol system. Single crystals provide the ideal vehicle to assess the effectiveness of the addition on the magnetostrictive properties by eliminating grain boundary effects, orientation variations, and grain-to-grain interactions that occur when polycrystals respond to applied magnetic fields. In almost all cases, ternary additions of transition metal elements have decreased the magnetostriction values from the binary Fe-Ga alloy. Most of the ternary additions are known to stabilize the D0(3) chemical order and could be a primary contribution to the observed reduction in magnetostriction. In contrast, both Sn and Al are found to substitute chemically for Ga. For Sn additions, whose solubility is limited, no reduction in magnetostriction strains are observed when compared to the equivalent binary alloy composition. Aluminum additions, whose effect on the magnetoelastic coupling on Fe is similar to Ga, result in a rule of mixture relationship. The reviewed research suggests that phase stabilization of the disordered bcc structure is a key component to increase the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys. C1 Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Etrema Products Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lograsso, TA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys, 124 Metals Dev Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM lograsso@ameslab.gov NR 43 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 23 BP 9582 EP 9594 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2096-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 213HM UT WOS:000249657500013 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Zamorski, M Smith, B Riddle, JR LeardMann, CA Wells, TS Engel, CC Hoge, CW Adkins, J Blaze, D AF Smith, Tyler C. Zamorski, Mark Smith, Besa Riddle, James R. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Wells, Timothy S. Engel, Charles C. Hoge, Charles W. Adkins, Joyce Blaze, Dan CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI The physical and mental health of a large military cohort: baseline functional health status of the Millennium Cohort SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; IRAQ-WAR; GENDER DIFFERENCES; CARE UTILIZATION; WOMEN VETERANS; WHITEHALL-II; US MILITARY; SF-36; PERSONNEL AB Background: The US military is currently involved in large, lengthy, and complex combat operations around the world. Effective military operations require optimal health of deployed service members, and both mental and physical health can be affected by military operations. Methods: Baseline data were collected from 77,047 US service members during 2001-2003 as part of a large, longitudinal, population-based military health study (the Millennium Cohort Study). The authors calculated unadjusted, adjusted, and weighted means for the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item Survey for Veterans physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores over a variety of demographic and military characteristics at baseline. Results: The unadjusted mean PCS and MCS scores for this study were 53.4 (95% confidence interval: 53.3-53.4) and 52.8 (95% confidence interval: 52.7-52.9). Average PCS and MCS scores were slightly more favorable in this military sample compared to those of the US general population of the same age and sex. Factors independently associated with more favorable health status included male gender, being married, higher educational attainment, higher military rank, and Air Force service. Combat specialists had similar health status compared to other military occupations. Having been deployed to Southwest Asia, Bosnia, or Kosovo between 1998 and 2000 was not associated with diminished health status. Conclusion: The baseline health status of this large population-based military cohort is better than that of the US general population of the same age and sex distribution over the same time period, especially in older age groups. Deployment experiences during the period of 1998-2001 were not associated with decreased health status. These data will serve as a useful reference for other military health studies and for future longitudinal analyses. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; LeardMann, Cynthia A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Zamorski, Mark] Univ Ottawa, Dept Family Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Zamorski, Mark] Canadian Forces Hlth Serv Grp Headquarters, Directorate Med Policy, Deployment Hlth Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Engel, Charles C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Riddle, James R.; Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoge, Charles W.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Adkins, Joyce] Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Force Hlth Protect, Washington, DC USA. [Blaze, Dan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. EM Tyler.Smith2@med.navy.mil; Zamorski.MA@forces.gc.ca; Besa.Smith@med.navy.mil; James.Riddle@wpafb.af.mil; Cynthia.LeardMann@med.navy.mil; Timothy.Wells@wpafb.af.mil; Charles.Engel@na.amedd.army.mil; Charles.Hoge@na.amedd.army.mil; Joyce.Adkins@deploymenthealth.osd.mil; blaze001@mc.duke.edu NR 64 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 340 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-340 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256LD UT WOS:000252729400001 PM 18039387 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Osuna, M Kajon, AE Hawksworth, AW Irvine, M Russell, KL AF Metzgar, David Osuna, Miguel Kajon, Adriana E. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Irvine, Marina Russell, Kevin L. TI Abrupt emergence of diverse species B adenoviruses at US military recruit training centers SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNG-ADULTS; INFECTIONS; TYPE-7; IDENTIFICATION; ILLNESS; VACCINE; COINFECTIONS AB Background. Adenoviruses (Ads) cause continuous outbreaks of acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military training facilities. In 1996, the loss of vaccines targeting the dominant recruit- associated serotypes precipitated the reemergence of Ads in these populations. Between 1999 and 2002, serotype 4 accounted for >95% of Ads isolated from recruits and for >50% of ARD cases in training facilities (15,000 cases/year). Methods. Ads (n = 1867) collected between 2002 and 2006 from recruits with ARD at 8 military training facilities in the United States were serotyped by serum neutralization and polymerase chain reaction. Results. The dominance of Ad4 continued through 2005, followed by a simultaneous emergence of diverse species B serotypes at the majority of sites. This included the subspecies B1 serotypes 3, 7, and 21 and the subspecies B2 serotype 14. Ad14 was the most prevalent species B serotype, appearing in high numbers at 3 sites and becoming dominant at 1. Conclusions. Subspecies B2 Ads have rarely been associated with ARD, and only in Eurasia. This survey represents the first report of AdB2- associated ARD in the Western Hemisphere. The simultaneous emergence of several species B Ads suggests a common external source (the civilian population) and a decrease in preexisting immunity to species B Ads. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM david.metzgar@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 41 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 10 BP 1465 EP 1473 DI 10.1086/522970 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 231BP UT WOS:000250921800008 PM 18008225 ER PT J AU Gray, GC McCarthy, T Lebeck, MG Schnurr, DP Russell, KL Kajon, AE Landry, ML Leland, DS Storch, GA Ginocchio, CC Robinson, CC Demmler, GJ Saubolle, MA Kehl, SC Selvarangan, R Miller, MB Chappell, JD Zerr, DM Kiska, DL Halstead, DC Capuano, AW Setterquist, SF Chorazy, ML Dawson, JD Erdman, DD AF Gray, Gregory C. McCarthy, Troy Lebeck, Mark G. Schnurr, David P. Russell, Kevin L. Kajon, Adriana E. Landry, Marie L. Leland, Diane S. Storch, Gregory A. Ginocchio, Christine C. Robinson, Christine C. Demmler, Gail J. Saubolle, Michael A. Kehl, Sue C. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Miller, Melissa B. Chappell, James D. Zerr, Danielle M. Kiska, Deanna L. Halstead, Diane C. Capuano, Ana W. Setterquist, Sharon F. Chorazy, Margaret L. Dawson, Jeffrey D. Erdman, Dean D. TI Genotype prevalence and risk factors for severe clinical adenovirus infection, united states 2004-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS WATCH PROGRAM; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MILITARY RECRUITS; GENOME TYPE; CONTINUING SURVEILLANCE; ENTERIC IMMUNIZATION; VIRAL INFECTIONS; TYPE-21 VACCINE AB Background. Recently, epidemiological and clinical data have revealed important changes with regard to clinical adenovirus infection, including alterations in antigenic presentation, geographical distribution, and virulence of the virus. Methods. In an effort to better understand the epidemiology of clinical adenovirus infection in the United States, we adopted a new molecular adenovirus typing technique to study clinical adenovirus isolates collected from 22 medical facilities over a 25- month period during 2004 - 2006. A hexon gene sequence typing method was used to characterize 2237 clinical adenovirus- positive specimens, comparing their sequences with those of the 51 currently recognized prototype human adenovirus strains. In a blinded comparison, this method performed well and was much faster than the classic serologic typing method. Results. Among civilians, the most prevalent adenovirus types were types 3 ( prevalence, 34.6%), 2 ( 24.3%), 1 ( 17.7%), and 5 ( 5.3%). Among military trainees, the most prevalent types were types 4 ( prevalence, 92.8%), 3 ( 2.6%), and 21 ( 2.4%). Conclusions. For both populations, we observed a statistically significant increasing trend of adenovirus type 21 detection over time. Among adenovirus isolates recovered from specimens from civilians, 50% were associated with hospitalization, 19.6% with a chronic disease condition, 11% with a bone marrow or solid organ transplantation, 7.4% with intensive care unit stay, and 4.2% with a cancer diagnosis. Multivariable risk factor modeling for adenovirus disease severity found that age ! 7 years ( odds ratio [ OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.4 - 7.4), chronic disease ( OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.6 - 5.1), recent transplantation ( OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3 - 5.2), and adenovirus type 5 ( OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 - 4.7) or type 21 infection ( OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 2.6 - 22.3) increased the risk of severe disease. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Navy Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Clin Virol Lab, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Clarian Hlth Partners, Indianapolis, IN USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Manhasset, NY USA. N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst Labs, Manhasset, NY USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Syracuse, NY USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Diagnost Virol Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lab Sci Arizona Sonora Quest Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pathol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Baptist Med Ctr, Infect Dis Labs, Jacksonville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr,Rm C21K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-01A2] NR 56 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1120 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/522188 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 217BP UT WOS:000249923700002 PM 17918073 ER PT J AU Link, RE Joyce, JA Roe, C AF Link, R. E. Joyce, J. A. Roe, C. TI An experimental investigation of the effect of biaxial loading on the master curve transition temperature in RPV steels SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ductile-to-brittle transition; biaxial loading; shallow crack; structural assessment; master curve; reference temperature; T-0 ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CONSTRAINT; T-0; SPECIMENS AB During the 1990s considerable work was conducted to characterize the effect of biaxial loading on the ductile to brittle transition temperature. The work centered on a series of tests using large cruciform bend specimens from an experimental A533B test plate denoted as HSST Plate 14 (Heavy Section Steel Technology Plate 14). Recently a series of similar biaxial cruciform tests has been conducted on the steel used for an extensive European Round Robin that investigated the ductile-to-brittle transition master curve and associated To reference temperature. The results of these tests have been used to promote the concept of a "Biaxial Effect" which corresponds to a shift in the shallow crack transition master curve of +20 degrees C or more when biaxial stresses are present, in comparison with the master curve for uniaxially loaded shallow crack specimens. A comprehensive analysis of the all of the available HSST Plate 14 data and data from two other structural steels was performed to investigate the extent of a biaxial effect on the reference temperature, To. The analysis included many additional biaxial cruciform test results on three different materials. The results of all three materials discussed in this paper fail to clearly demonstrate that biaxial loading, imposed through the use of a cruciform. specimen geometry, has an effect on the fracture toughness, characterized using a master curve approach and reference temperature To. The analysis utilized in this paper assumes that the toughness distribution and temperature dependence of shallow cracked specimens can be modeled by using the master curve approach. This assumption has not been rigorously validated and would benefit from further study. Additional detailed stress analysis of the constraint evolution in the cruciform, specimens may better define the precise conditions under which a biaxial effect on the fracture toughness could be realized. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Link, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM link@usna.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 17 BP 2824 EP 2843 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.030 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 219IJ UT WOS:000250077800011 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Smith, B Smith, TC Wells, TS Ryan, MAK AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Wells, Timothy S. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Smallpox vaccination SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; questionnaires; military medicine; quality of life; validation studies ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; HEALTH SURVEY; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; MILITARY SERVICE; SELF-REPORT; VALIDATION; INFLUENZA; PROGRAM AB In December 2002, the US Government implemented policy to immunize health workers, first responders and military personnel against smallpox in preparation for a possible bioterrorist attack. Self-reported vaccination data are commonly used in epidemiologic research and may be used to determine vaccination status in a public health emergency. To establish a measure of reliability, the agreement between self-reported smallpox vaccination and electronic vaccination records was examined using data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Descriptive measures and a kappa statistic were calculated for data from 54,066 Millennium Cohort Study participants. Multivariable modeling adjusting for potential confounders was used to investigate vaccination agreement status and health metrics, as measured by the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans ( SF-36V) and hospitalization data. Substantial agreement (kappa = 0.62) was found between self-report and electronic recording of smallpox vaccination. Of all participants with an electronic record of smallpox vaccination, 90% self-reported being vaccinated; and of all participants with no electronic record of vaccination, 82% self-reported not receiving a vaccination. There was no significant difference in hospitalization experience prior to questionnaire completion between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. While overall scores on the SF-36V suggested a healthy population, participants whose self-reported vaccination status did not match electronic records had slightly lower adjusted mean scores for some scales. These results indicate strong reliability in self-reported smallpox vaccination and also suggest that discordant reporting of smallpox vaccination is not associated with substantial differences in health among Millennium Cohort participants. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM cynthia.leard@med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 269SG UT WOS:000253669900003 PM 17700077 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SA Hennings, EJ AF Whitmore, Stephen A. Hennings, Elsa J. TI Design of a passively reefed, collapsible drogue parachute system SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A collapsible drogue parachute system developed for the X-37 approach and landing test vehicle is described. Originally, the approach and landing test vehicle test program called for a vehicle drop from a B-52 at 42,500-ft altitude. The approach and landing test vehicle relied on autonomous control for all phases of flight, including release, approach, and landing.. If a software failure induced a control surface hardover during separation, the low vehicle weight and moderate subsonic lift-to-drag ratio made it possible for recontact with the B-52 after release. To eliminate recontact possibility, a drogue parachute system was installed. The drogue was deployed before the approach and landing test vehicle drop and was jettisoned after clean separation. The high altitude at drogue release allowed predominant winds to take the chute off the Edwards Air Force Base test range and into the flight corridors of major commercial airports. A mechanism to collapse to the drogue was required to keep the landing point within the test range. A simple passive-reefing mechanism that relied on a silicone band attached at the drogue skirt was developed. At high dynamic pressure the band stretched to the skirt diameter, causing negligible drag loss, but retracted and significantly reduced drag area after jettison. Test results and the design evolution are reported. C1 [Whitmore, Stephen A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hennings, Elsa J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Human Syst Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Whitmore, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill,Univ Mail Code 4130, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1793 EP 1804 DI 10.2514/1.28437 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 242DE UT WOS:000251703900005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, RW Arnold, W Zerilli, FJ AF Armstrong, R. W. Arnold, W. Zerilli, F. J. TI Dislocation mechanics of shock-induced plasticity SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Dynamic Behavior of Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS Struct Mat Div, TMS/ASM Mech Behav Mat Comm ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; STRAIN-RATE; TANTALUM; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; METALS AB The constitutive deformation behavior of copper, Armco iron, and tantalum materials is described over a range of strain rates from conventional compressive/tensile testing, through split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test results, to shock-determined Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) stresses and the follow-on shock-induced plasticity. A mismatch between the so-called Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A) constitutive equation description of pioneering SHPB measurements for copper provided initial evidence of a transition from the plastic strain rate being controlled by movement of the resident dislocation population to the strain rate being controlled by dislocation generation at the shock front, not by a retarding effect of dislocation drag. The transition is experimentally confirmed by connection with Swegle-Grady-type shock vs plastic strain rate measurements reported for all three materials but with an important role for twinning in the case of Armco iron and tantalum. A model description of the shock-induced plasticity results leads to a pronounced linear dependence of effective stress on the logarithm of the plastic strain rate. Taking into account the Hall-Petch grain size dependence is important in specifying the slip vs twinning transition for Armco iron at increasing strain rates. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MBDA TDW, D-86523 Schrobenhausen, Germany. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rona@eng.umd.edu NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 38A IS 11 BP 2605 EP 2610 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9142-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 231JX UT WOS:000250944100002 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Garland, CF Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Is ultraviolet B irradiance inversely associated with incidence rates of endometrial cancer: an ecological study of 107 countries SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endometrial neoplasms; ultraviolet rays; vitamin D; epidemiology; diet ID VITAMIN-D; MORTALITY-RATES; BREAST-CANCER; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ENDOGENOUS HORMONES; SOLAR-RADIATION; OVARIAN-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTORS; COLON CANCER; RISK AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to perform an ecological analysis of the relationship between low levels of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and age-standardized incidence rates of endometrial cancer by country, controlling for known confounders. Methods. The contributions of UVB irradiance, cloud cover, intake of energy from animal sources, proportion of population overweight, skin pigmentation, per capita cigarette consumption, per capita health expenditure, and total fertility rates, to age-standardized incidence rates of endometrial cancer in 107 countries were assessed using multiple regression. Results. Incidence rates were higher at higher latitudes (R-2=0.47, p < 0.01). According to multiple regression, UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover was negatively associated with incidence rates (p=0.02), while proportion of population overweight (p=0.004), intake of energy from animal sources (p=0.01) and per capita health expenditure (p < 0.0001) were positively associated with incidence rates (overall R-2=0.73, p < 0.0001). Conclusion. An association was found between low UVB irradiance, high intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, proportion of population overweight, and incidence rates. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grant, William B.] Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.01.012 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 240BW UT WOS:000251563000004 PM 17395256 ER PT J AU Ng, SJ Meilunas, RJ AF Ng, Stanley J. Meilunas, Raymond J. TI A review of aligned discontinuous carbon fiber systems for composites forming SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Production costs for advanced composite aerospace components are directly related to part complexity. Touch labor content is substantial when parts with high levels of double curvature are fabricated by conventional hand lay up and autoclave cure. Automated forming processes have reduced the labor content of production parts with commensurate cost savings. However, such processes are also limited by the level of double curvature present, as the tendency toward laminate wrinkling increases with part complexity. New material systems, based on aligned, discontinuous carbon fiber forms, offer the potential to increase the part complexity spectrum available to these cost efficient automated forming processes. By offering additional deformation mechanisms, associated with fiber axis stretching, these materials alleviate in-plane and interply shearing requirements that constitute the principal process limitations of continuous fiber systems. This paper provides an overview of past and recent development of this new class of material for composites forming. Examples of these material systems include LDF/PEKK, SBCF and Discotex (TM). C1 NAVAIR, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM stan.ng@navair.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 19 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 223FU UT WOS:000250355900004 ER PT J AU Mullen, L Laux, A Cochenour, B Zege, EP Katsev, LL Prikhach, AS AF Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan Cochenour, Brandon Zege, Eleonora P. Katsev, Losif L. Prikhach, Alexander S. TI Demodulation techniques for the amplitude modulated laser imager SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A new technique has been found that uses in-phase and quadrature phase (I/Q) demodulation to optimize the images produced with an amplitude-modulated laser imaging system. An I/Q demodulator was used to collect the I/Q components of the received modulation envelope. It was discovered that by adjusting the local oscillator phase and the modulation frequency, the backscatter and target signals can be analyzed separately via the I/Q components. This new approach enhances image contrast beyond what was achieved with a previous design that processed only the composite magnitude information. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Electro Opt & Speciatl Miss Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Belarus Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Electro Opt & Speciatl Miss Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM linda.mullen@navy.mil NR 9 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 7374 EP 7383 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007374 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232VC UT WOS:000251047200004 PM 17952171 ER PT J AU Dufort, FJ Bleiman, BF Gumina, MR Blair, D Wagner, DJ Roberts, MF Abu-Amer, Y Chiles, TC AF Dufort, Fay J. Bleiman, Blair F. Gumina, Maria R. Blair, Derek Wagner, Dean J. Roberts, Mary F. Abu-Amer, Yousef Chiles, Thomas C. TI Cutting edge: IL-4-Mediated protection of primary B lymphocytes from apoptosis via stat6-dependent regulation of glycolytic metabolism SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLS; SURVIVAL; IL-4; GROWTH; RECEPTOR; INHIBITION; DISRUPTION; ACTIVATION AB IL-4 prevents the death of naive B lymphocytes through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-x(L). Despite studies implicating glucose utilization in growth factor-dependent survival of hemopoietic cells, the role of glucose energy metabolism in maintaining B cell viability by IL-4 is unknown. We show that IL-4 triggers glucose uptake, Glutl expression, and glycolysis in splenic B cells; this is accompanied by increased cellular ATP. Glycolysis inhibition results in apoptosis, even in the presence of IL-4. IL-4-induced glycolysis occurs normally in B cells deficient in insulin receptor substrate-2 or the p85 alpha subunit of PI3K and is not affected by pretreatment with PI3K or MAWK pathway inhibitors. Stat6-deficient B cells exhibit impaired IL-4-induced glycolysis. Cell-permeable, constitutively active Stat6 is effective in restoring IL-4-induced glycolysis in Stat6-deficient B cells. Therefore, besides controlling antiapoptotic proteins, IL-4 mediates B cell survival by regulating glucose energy metabolism via a Stat6-dependent pathway. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiles, TC (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 414 Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM ChilesT@bc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49994, AI60896] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 8 BP 4953 EP 4957 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 219QJ UT WOS:000250099400001 PM 17911579 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M KeranS, RJ AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Kerans, R. J. TI A model for the oxidation of ZrB2, HfB2 and TiB2 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE model; oxidation; ZrB2; HfB2; TiB2 ID HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; MIXED CONDUCTION; ZIRCONIUM; PROTECTION; DIBORIDES; HAFNIUM AB A mechanistic model that interprets the oxidation behavior of the diborides of Zr, Hf and Ti in the temperature range of similar to 1000-1800 degrees C was formulated. Available thermodynamic data and literature data for vapor pressures and diffusivities were used to evaluate the model. Good correspondence was obtained between theory and experiments for weight gain, recession and scale thickness as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. At temperatures below about 1400 degrees C, the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through a film of liquid boria in capillaries at the base of the oxidation product. At higher temperatures, the boria is lost by evaporation, and the oxidation rate is limited by Knudsen diffusion of molecular oxygen through the capillaries between nearly columnar blocks of the oxide, MO2. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 27 TC 106 Z9 123 U1 10 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 5999 EP 6010 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.07.027 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223FS UT WOS:000250355700032 ER PT J AU Lee, J Chen, Q Zhang, Q Reichard, K Ditto, D Mazurowski, J Hackert, M Yin, S AF Lee, Jonathan Chen, Qin Zhang, Qirning Reichard, Karl Ditto, Dave Mazurowski, John Hackert, Michael Yin, Shizhuo TI Enhancing the tuning range of a single resonant band long period grating while maintaining the resonant peak depth by using an optimized high index indium tin oxide overlay SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CLADDING LAYER; FIBER GRATINGS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TUNABLE FILTER AB We report laboratory test results of a long period grating (LPG) that can maintain a constant resonant peak depth over an enhanced tuning range when it is coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode that has optimized thickness and refractive index. The authors have experimentally demonstrated a LPG coated with ITO that can be tuned in excess of 200 mn with an ambient refractive index change of less than 0.01. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity reported for a LPG to date. In addition to the tuning performance, the resonant peak remains within 1 dB of its maximum depth for at least 100 mn of the tuning range. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jel236@psu.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 28 BP 6984 EP 6989 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006984 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 226DA UT WOS:000250566200020 PM 17906728 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS Bilow, HJ AF Asvestas, John S. Bilow, Henry J. TI Line-integral approach to computing impedance matrix elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary-integral equations; Gordon-Bilow transformation (GBT); Green's theorem; impedance-matrix calculation; method of moments; numerical integration AB We present a line-integral approach for computing the impedance-matrix elements in the traditional Rao-Wilton-Glisson formulation of the moment method for electromagnetic problems. The line integral extends over the perimeter of a triangle and can be computed numerically using a Gauss-Legendre quadrature. We present the conversion of the surface integral to a line integral, and we perform calculations where we compare the present method to a surface quadrature approach. C1 NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Code 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil; henry.bilow@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2767 EP 2772 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.905815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 220SV UT WOS:000250178500016 ER PT J AU Jansson, PM Tisa, J Kim, W AF Jansson, Peter Mark Tisa, Jeffrey Kim, William TI Instrument and measurement technology education - A case study: Inexpensive student-designed power monitoring instrument for campus submetering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE electrical and computer engineering (ECE) education; engineering clinics; inexpensive energy metering; instrumentation and measurement (I&M) education; power monitoring; project-based learning; student projects AB In an innovative engineering course on Sustainable Design in Engineering, two Rowan University electrical and computer engineering (ECE) students designed a prototype for an inexpensive power measurement instrument. Their motivation was to more economically and conveniently monitor the energy flows on a university campus that currently uses over $7 million of electricity and gas annually. These students continued the development of their initial design prototyped for the above course by redesigning, constructing, and testing a more easily manufacturable instrument in their Senior Engineering Clinic class. The engineering clinic sequence at Rowan University represents an ideal mechanism for the inclusion of key instrumentation and measurement (I&M) concepts and principles into an engineer's education. While the core ECE curriculum does not teach I&M technology (I&MT) as a distinct subject area, the students engage in a hands-on and minds-on learning environment in this clinic, which proves ideal for I&NIT applications and education. Their challenge was to create an inexpensive I&NIT that could provide the means by which Rowan University could affordably monitor its electrical energy use in many of its unmetered buildings. With these data, the university could then find out exactly why it leads a group of 20 peer universities and colleges in energy consumption per square foot and to assist the university in meeting its sustainabilfty commitment to the Governor's Office and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. With the assistance of their professor and the use of their electrical engineering training, the team undertook to develop an energy auditor's dream machine, i.e., a cheap, portable, and easily installed energy measurement instrument that produces reliable data and can be used to safely instrument each key building without requiring the aid of a 'professional electrician. This paper details the background of their challenge, the approaches they considered, the benefits of this project-based learning clinic on I&M education and, quite importantly, the innovation they have created, i.e., a single-phase power sensing, measuring, and monitoring instrument for a total cost of less than $ 100 (their design can. be easily expanded to three phase for a nominal increase in sensor cost). C1 Rowan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. New Castle Reg Off, PHI Syst Planning, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Dade Behring Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Jansson, PM (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1744 EP 1752 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.903582 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 212TM UT WOS:000249619700031 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D AF Metzgar, David TI Are oropharyngeal swabs suitable as samples for Legionella-Specific PCR testing? Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM david.metzgar@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3482 EP 3483 DI 10.1128/JCM-01495-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200067 ER PT J AU Ortiz, D Abdelshehid, M Dalton, R Soltero, J Clark, R Hahn, M Lee, E Lightell, W Pregger, B Ogren, J Stoyanov, P Es-Said, OS AF Ortiz, D. Abdelshehid, M. Dalton, R. Soltero, J. Clark, R. Hahn, M. Lee, E. Lightell, W. Pregger, B. Ogren, J. Stoyanov, P. Es-Said, O. S. TI Effect of cold work on the tensile properties of 6061, 2024, and 7075 Al alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE Al alloys; mechanical properties; plastic strain; various tempers ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB \Aluminum alloys 6061, 2024, and 7075 were heat treated to various tempers and then subjected to a range of plastic strain (stretching) in order to determine their strain limits. Tensile properties, conductivity, hardness, and grain size measurements were evaluated. The effects of the plastic strain on these properties are discussed and strain limits are suggested. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Virginia Western Community Coll, Roanoke, VA 24038 USA. Air Combat Syst, Northrop Grumman, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Appl Sci Corp, NAVMAR, Lexington Pk, MD 20653 USA. RP Ortiz, D (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9074-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 211QK UT WOS:000249538200001 ER PT J AU Wade, AL Dye, JL Mohrle, CR Galarneau, MR AF Wade, Amber L. Dye, Judy L. Mohrle, Charlene R. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Head, face, and neck injuries during Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results from the US Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE military; combat; head injury; Operation Iraqi Freedom ID SEVERITY SCORE; UNITED-STATES; BATTLEFIELD; CASUALTIES; MARCH; CARE AB Background: Head, face, and neck injuries (HFNIs) are an important source of combat mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to document the characteristics and causes of HFNIs during Operation Iraqi Freedom II. Methods: A retrospective review of HFNIs sustained by US military casualties between March 1, 2004 and September 30, 2004 was performed. Data were collected from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. Results: During the study period, 39% of all injury casualties in the registry had HFNIs. Of the 445 HFNI patients, one-third presented with multiple wounds to the head, face, and neck. Four percent of battle HFNI patients died from wounds, and nearly 40% of the surviving wounded were evacuated for treatment. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were the most frequent cause of battle HFNIs. Nonbattle HFNIs were most often the result of motor vehicle crashes. The majority (65%) of all HFNIs were to the face. Head injuries, overall, were more severe than face or neck wounds according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Conclusions: The proportion of combat-related HFNIs is increasing and is primarily caused by IEDs. Improved protection for the vulnerable facial region is needed. Continued research on the changing nature of warfare and distribution of HFNIs is necessary to enhance the planning and delivery of combat casualty medical care. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hlth Res & Appl Tech Div, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Miss, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galarneau, MR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Research Ctr, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM michael.galarneau@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000251453.54663.66 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 219XL UT WOS:000250121400019 PM 18090014 ER PT J AU Trent, LK Hilton, SM Melcer, T AF Trent, Linda K. Hilton, Susan M. Melcer, Ted TI Premilitary tobacco use by male Marine Corps recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NICOTINE-DEPENDENCE; SMOKING-CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; DRUG-USE; POPULATION; SMOKERS; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; INJURIES AB Recognizing both the medical and operational costs of tobacco use, the Department of Defense has made tobacco cessation a top health promotion priority. Military tobacco rates remain high, however, especially among younger personnel and, particularly, in the Marine Corps. Tobacco is prohibited during basic training, but relapse is common following boot camp graduation. The objective of this study was to determine patterns and prevalence of tobacco use among Marine Corps recruits before entering basic training. Over a period of 14 months, 15,689 graduating male recruits completed a survey of their preservice tobacco use. Approximately 81% reported having tried tobacco at least once and 57% were classified as at-risk users. Compared to their civilian peers, more recruits were daily users and many more used smokeless tobacco. Approximately 67% of users evidenced at least one indicator of dependence. There is a clear need for additional tobacco cessation efforts to target this high-risk population. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Field Med Technol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trent, LK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 1077 EP 1083 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 221UE UT WOS:000250252000014 PM 17985769 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Barsic, PH Valls, OT AF Halterman, Klaus Barsic, Paul H. Valls, Oriol T. TI Odd triplet pairing in clean superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FIELD AB We study triplet pairing correlations in clean ferromagnet (F)/superconductor (S) nanojunctions, via fully self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We consider FSF trilayers, with S being an s-wave superconductor, and an arbitrary angle alpha between the magnetizations of the two F layers. We find that contrary to some previous expectations, triplet correlations, odd in time, are induced in both the S and F layers in the clean limit. We investigate their behavior as a function of time, position, and alpha. The triplet amplitudes are largest at times on the order of the inverse Debye frequency, and at that time scale they are long-ranged in both S and F. The zero temperature condensation energy is found to be lowest when the magnetizations are antiparallel. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; barsic@physics.umn.edu; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12 AR 127002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.127002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 213LE UT WOS:000249668000067 PM 17930543 ER PT J AU Rudinsky, SL Reardon, J Carstairs, KL Simon, LV Tanen, DA AF Rudinsky, S. L. Reardon, J. Carstairs, K. L. Simon, L., V Tanen, D. A. TI Leukocytosis and height of fever as predictors of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants presenting to the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA 118 BP S38 EP S39 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.150 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 211PL UT WOS:000249535600118 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Phan, N AF Sadananda, K. Vasudevan, A. K. Phan, N. TI Analysis of endurance limits under very high cycle fatigue using a unified damage approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Fatique Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Hyannis, MA SP Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Lab, Off Naval Res Global DE giga-cycle fatigue; very high cycle fatigue; dual-stage fatigue; the unified approach; crack nucleation; endurance limits; fatigue thresholds; crack nucleation; crack propagation ID CRACK GROWTH; MECHANISMS; NOTCHES; METALS AB A critical evaluation of endurance limits under very high cycle (giga-cycle range) fatigue is presented. The available experimental results are analyzed using the unified damage approach developed earlier by the authors. It is shown that the experimental evidence supports the theory that endurance limits at very high cycle fatigue are related to thresholds for crack propagation of incipient cracks from stress-concentration sites. The crack propagation behavior of the incipient cracks is related to the accumulation of internal stresses that is needed to augment the preexisting stresses. These in turn cause the incipient cracks to initiate at stress concentrations which either grow or arrest depending on the magnitude and gradient of the internal stresses. Micro -deformations at localized stress concentrations, such as inclusions, can further augment the local internal stresses needed for the incipient crack to nucleate and propagate. The presence of trapped hydrogen at inclusions can reduce the resistance to deformation, and hence reduce crack initiation and growth process. Understanding the role of preexisting stress concentrations (such as notches, inclusions, and hard second phases) provides a bridge for understanding the fatigue damage evolution in a smooth specimen compared to that in a cracked specimen. Kitagawa diagram helps provide this necessary bridge. Several critical issues related to fatigue testing method; fracture surface analysis, load history and environment are raised in this paper and briefly discussed in a self-consistent manner based on our unified damage approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Data Anal, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), Tech Data Anal, 7600 Leesburg Pike,W Bldg,Siute 204, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM kuntimaddisada@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9-11 BP 2060 EP 2071 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.02.028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YO UT WOS:000249845100056 ER PT J AU Reis, JP Trone, DW Macera, CA Rauh, MJ AF Reis, Jared P. Trone, Daniel W. Macera, Caroline A. Rauh, Mitchell J. TI Factors associated with discharge during marine corps basic training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; STRESS-FRACTURES; FEMALE RECRUITS; NAVY ATTRITION; PREDICTORS; SUCCESS; INJURY; FORCE AB This prospective study assessed risk factors for discharge from basic training (BT) among 2,137 male Marine Corps recruits between February and April 2003. Physical and demographic characteristics, exercise, and previous lower extremity injuries before arrival at Marine Corps Recruit Depot were assessed by questionnaire during intake processing. Stress fractures were confirmed by x-ray, triple-phase bone scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, 223 (10.4%) participants were discharged from training. In addition to the occurrence of a stress fracture during BT, older age (> 23 years), non-Hispanic race, poor incoming self-rated physical fitness, no history of competitive exercise, and an incoming lower extremity injury with incomplete recovery were independent risk factors for discharge. Strategies to identify and allow the proper healing time for pre-BT lower extremity injuries, including interventions to improve the physical fitness of recruits before BT and reduce stress fractures during BT, may be indicated to lower attrition. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Rocky Mt univ Hlth Prof, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 936 EP 941 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 210HT UT WOS:000249448000007 PM 17937356 ER PT J AU Moran, JS Koppes, W Oxley, JC AF Moran, Jesse S. Koppes, William Oxley, Jimmie C. TI Direct reduction of diazene linkages to hydrazo groups with hydrazine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Oxley, Jimmie C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Koppes, William] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM jmoran@chm.uri.edu; koppeswm@ih.navy.mil; joxley@chm.uri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 474-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12JA UT WOS:000207594300838 ER PT J AU Son, KA Yang, BH Gallegos, M Liao, AN Prokopuk, N Moon, JS Yang, JW Khan, MA AF Son, Kyung-ah Yang, Baohua Gallegos, Manuel Liao, Anna Prokopuk, Nicholas Moon, Jeong S. Yang, Jinwei Khan, M. Asif TI COLL 75-Novel GaN-based chemical sensors for long-range chemical threat detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Son, Kyung-ah; Yang, Baohua; Gallegos, Manuel; Liao, Anna] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Yang, Jinwei; Khan, M. Asif] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Prokopuk, Nicholas] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Moon, Jeong S.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM kson@jpl.nasa.gov; Baohua.Yang@jpl.nasa.gov; manuel.gallegos@jpl.nasa.gov; aliao@jpl.nasa.gov; nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil; jmoon@hrl.com; yangj@engr.sc.edu; asif@engr.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 75-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902261 ER PT J AU Maddulapalli, AK Azarm, S Boyars, A AF Maddulapalli, A. K. Azarm, S. Boyars, A. TI Sensitivity analysis for product design selection with an implicit value function SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE robustness and sensitivity analysis; multi-attribute decision making ID MULTIPLE CRITERIA PROBLEMS; DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS; SUPPORT; ALTERNATIVES; MODEL AB In product design selection the decision maker (DM) often does not have enough information about the end users' needs to state the "preferences" with precision, as is required by many of the existing selection methods. We present, for the case where the DM gives estimates of the preferences, a concept for calculating a "robustness index." The concept can be used with any iterative selection method that chooses a trial design for each iteration, and uses the DM's preference parameters at that trial design to eliminate some design options which have lower value than the trial design. Such methods, like our previously published method, are applicable to cases where the DM's value function is implicit. Our robustness index is a metric of the allowed variation between the actual and estimated preferences for which the set of non-eliminated trial designs (which could be singleton) will not change. The DM, through experience, can use the robustness index and other information generated in calculating the index to determine what action to take: make a final selection from the present set of non-eliminated designs; improve the precision of the preference estimates; or otherwise cope with the imprecision. We present an algorithm for finding the robustness index, and demonstrate and verify the algorithm with an engineering example and a numerical example. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Azarm, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM azarm@umcl.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1245 EP 1259 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2006.03.055 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 149DM UT WOS:000245127200021 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Jacobson, IG Smith, B Hooper, TI AF Smith, Tyler C. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Besa Hooper, Tomoko I. CA Millenium Cohort Study Team TI The occupational role of women in military service: Validation of occupation and prevalence of exposures in the Millennium Cohort Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE occupational exposures; depleted uranium; militarv medicine; military personnel; veterans ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; HEALTH REGISTRIES; MENTAL-HEALTH; US; STRESSORS; IRAQ; CARE; COEFFICIENT AB To better understand the US military's global peacekeeping and combat operations, which may expose a growing population of American servicewomen to challenging occupations and environments. Concordance between self-reported and electronic occupation codes for female participants in the Millennium Cohort was measured using kappa statistics. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the odds of five self-reported potentially toxic environmental exposures or disturbing experiences among different occupational categories, while adjusting for demographic and military characteristics, including deployment. Self-reported occupations were moderately to highly reliable when compared with electronic occupation data. Active-duty and Reserve/Guard females differentially reported witnessing death or trauma and exposure to chemical or biological warfare, depleted uranium, or pesticides. Findings suggest that self-reported occupation can be used with a high degree of confidence. Occupational groups with higher odds of reporting military exposures of concern will be followed longitudinally through 2022 and prospectively compared using baseline and follow-up evaluations. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1080/09603120701372243 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200LF UT WOS:000248764200003 PM 17613091 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA Ponganis, PJ AF Stockard, T. K. Levenson, D. H. Berg, L. Fransioli, J. R. Baranov, E. A. Ponganis, P. J. TI Blood oxygen depletion during rest-associated apneas of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood gases; oxygen; P-O2; elephant seal; apnea ID WEDDELL SEALS; HEART-RATE; SLEEP-APNEA; PUPS; VOLUME; DETERMINANTS; METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE AB Blood gases (P-O2, P-CO2, pH), oxygen content, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured during rest-associated apneas of nine juvenile northern elephant seals. In conjunction with blood volume determinations, these data were used to determine total blood oxygen stores, the rate and magnitude of blood O-2 depletion, the contribution of the blood O-2 store to apneic metabolic rate, and the egree of hypoxemia that occurs during these breath-holds. Mean body mass was 66 +/- 9.7 kg (+/- s.d.); blood volume was 196 +/- 20 ml kg(-1); and hemoglobin concentration was 23.5 +/- 1.5 g dl(-1). Rest apneas ranged in duration from 3.1 to 10.9 min. Arterial P-O2 declined exponentially during apnea, ranging between a maximum of 108 mmHg and a minimum of 18 mmHg after a 9.1 min breath-hold. Venous P-O2 values were indistinguishable from arterial values after the first minute of apnea; the lowest venous P-O2 recorded was 15 mmHg after a 7.8 min apnea. O-2 contents were also similar between the arterial and venous systems, declining linearly at rates of 2.3 and 2.0 ml O-2 dl(-1) min (-1), respectively, from mean initial values of 27.2 and 26.0 ml O-2 dl(-1). These blood O-2 depletion rates are approximately twice the reported values during forced submersion and are consistent with maintenance of previously measured high cardiac outputs during rest-associated breath-holds. During a typical 7-min apnea, seals consumed, on average, 56% of the initial blood O-2 store of 52 ml O-2 kg(-1); this contributed 4.2 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1) to total body metabolic rate during the breath-hold. Extreme hypoxemic tolerance in these seals was demonstrated by arterial P-O2 values during late apnea that were less than human thresholds for shallow-water blackout. Despite such low P-O2s, there was no evidence of significant anaerobic metabolism, as changes in blood pH were minimal and attributable to increased P-CO2. These findings and the previously reported lack of lactate accumulation during these breath- holds are consistent with the maintenance of aerobic metabolism even at low oxygen tensions during rest- associated apneas. Such hypoxemic tolerance is necessary in order to allow dissociation of O-2 from hemoglobin and provide effective utilization of the blood O-2 store. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN Med Ctr, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Siberian Div, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 15 BP 2607 EP 2617 DI 10.1242/jeb.008078 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 205LT UT WOS:000249116000012 PM 17644675 ER PT J AU Choi, SR Bansal, NP Garg, A AF Choi, Sung R. Bansal, Narottam P. Garg, Anita TI Mechanical and microstructural characterization of boron nitride nanotubes-reinforced SOFC seal glass composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; electron microscopy; mechanical properties; glass ceramics; fuel cells ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CARBON NANOTUBES; STRENGTH AB Barium calcium aluminosilicate G18 glass composite reinforced with 4 wt% of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) were fabricated via hot pressing. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructural features of the G18 glass-BNNT composite. Flexure strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and microhardness of the composite were determined at ambient temperature. The strength of the G18 glass-BNNT composite was greater by as much as 90% and fracture toughness by as much as 35% than those of the unreinforced G18 glass. Microscopic examination of the composite fracture surfaces revealed pullout of the BNNTs. Density, elastic modulus, and Vickers microhardness of the composite were a little lower than those of the unreinforced glass. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 23 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 460 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.084 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171HJ UT WOS:000246726200070 ER PT J AU Bass, CR Planchak, CJ Salzar, RS Lucas, SR Rafaels, KA Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Bass, Cameron R. Planchak, Christopher J. Salzar, Robert S. Lucas, Scott R. Rafaels, Karin A. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI The temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of porcine lumbar spine ligaments SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE temperature; viscoelastic; lumbar; ligaments; porcine ID MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Study Design. A uniaxial tensile loading study of 13 lumbar porcine ligaments under varying environmental temperature conditions. Objectives. To investigate a possible temperature dependence of the material behavior of porcine lumbar anterior longitudinal ligaments. Summary of Background Data. Temperature dependence of the mechanical material properties of ligament has not been conclusively established. Methods. The anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALLs) from domestic pigs (n = 5) were loaded in tension to 20% strain using a protocol that included fast ramp/ hold and sinusoidal tests. These ligaments were tested at temperatures of 37.8 degrees C, 29.4 degrees C, 21.1 degrees C, 12.8 degrees C, and 4.4 degrees C. The temperatures were controlled to within 0.6 degrees C, and ligament hydration was maintained with a humidifier inside the test chamber and by spraying 0.9% saline onto the ligament. A viscoelastic model was used to characterize the force response of the ligaments. Results. The testing indicated that the ALL has strong temperature dependence. As temperature decreased, the peak forces increased for similar input peak strains and strain rates. The relaxation of the ligaments was similar at each temperature and showed only weak temperature dependence. Predicted behavior using the viscoelastic model compared well with the actual data (R-2 values ranging from 0.89 to 0.99). A regression analysis performed on the viscoelastic model coefficients confirmed that relaxation coefficients were only weakly temperature dependent while the instantaneous elastic function coefficients were strongly temperature dependent. Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated that the viscoelastic mechanical response of the porcine ligament is dependent on the temperature at which it is tested; the force response of the ligament increased as the temperature decreased. This conclusion also applies to human ligaments owing to material and structural similarity. This result settles a controversy on the temperature dependence of ligament in the available literature. The ligament viscoelastic model shows a significant temperature dependence on the material properties; instantaneous elastic force was clearly temperature dependent while the relaxation response was only weakly temperature dependent. This result suggests that temperature dependence should be considered when testing ligaments and developing material models for in vivo force response, and further suggests that previously published material property values derived from room temperature testing may not adequately represent in vivo response. These findings have clinical relevance in the increased susceptibility of ligamentous injury in the cold and in assessing the mechanical behavior of cold extremities and extremities with limited vascular perfusion such as those of the elderly. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Salzar, RS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM Salzar@virginia.edu NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 16 BP E436 EP E442 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b7fa58 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 191BY UT WOS:000248106000019 PM 17632382 ER PT J AU Trent, L Stander, V Thomsen, C Merrill, L AF Trent, Linda Stander, Valerie Thomsen, Cynthia Merrill, Lex TI Alcohol abuse among U.S. Navy recruits who were maltreated in childhood SO ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; TRAUMA; HEALTH; RISK AB Aims: To examine relationships between childhood maltreatment and alcohol-related problems among U.S. Navy recruits. Methods: An anonymous sample of 5697 Navy recruits completed a survey regarding their alcohol consumption, alcohol problems (binge drinking, drinking until drunk, alcohol dependence, alcohol-related arrests), and experiences of childhood physical and sexual abuse. Results: Most of the recruits used alcohol, and a substantial proportion reported histories of childhood maltreatment. Recruits who had been victimized as children were more likely to use alcohol. Furthermore, among drinkers, those who had been abused were more likely to exhibit alcohol problems than were non-abused drinkers. Conclusion: Substantial numbers of personnel with alcohol-related problems may be using alcohol to self-medicate due to a history of childhood abuse. Attention to the association between alcohol abuse and childhood maltreatment might help improve the efficacy of military alcohol reduction programs. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Trent, L (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM trent@nhrc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0735-0414 J9 ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM JI Alcohol Alcohol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1093/alcalc/agm036 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 230SZ UT WOS:000250897500016 PM 17533164 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Jacobson, IG Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Corbeil, Thomas E. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millenium Cohort Study Team TI Reliability of standard health assessment instruments in a large, population-based cohort study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health surveys; military medicine; reliability; questionnaires ID PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MILLENNIUM COHORT; PTSD CHECKLIST; MENTAL-HEALTH; GULF-WAR; PRIME-MD; VETERANS; UTILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE AB PURPOSE: The Millennium Cohort Study began in 2001 using mail and Internet questionnaires to bather occupational and environmental exposure, behavioral risk factor, and health outcome data from a large, Population-based US military cohort. Standardized instruments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 for Veterans, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version, have been validated in various Populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate internal consistency of standardized instruments and concordance of responses in a test-retest setting. METHODS: Cronbach alpha coefficients were used to investigate the internal consistency of standardized instruments among 76,742 participants. Kappa statistics were calculated to measure stability of aggregated responses in a Subgroup of 470 participants who Voluntarily Submitted an additional Survey within 6 months of their original submission. RESULTS. High internal consistency was found for 14 of 16 health components, with lower internal consistency found among two alcohol components. Substantial test-retest stability was observed for stationary variables, while moderate stability was found for more dynamic variables that measured conditions with low prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: These results Substantiate internal consistency and stability of several standard health instruments applied to this large cohort. Such reliability analyses are vital to the integrity of long-term outcome studies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defence Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defence Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 32 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.12.2002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187ZV UT WOS:000247888900007 PM 17433714 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Miyoshi, DK AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Miyoshi, Dina K. TI Social desirability effects on computerized and paper-and-pencil questionnaires (vol 23, pg 463, 2007) SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Correction C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego Mesa Coll, Psychol Dept, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kewley@nhrc.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 2093 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.chb.2006.09.002 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 154GV UT WOS:000245495800023 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Moseley, JM Metzgar, D Huong, HS Wadleigh, A Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Kajon, Adriana E. Moseley, Jennifer M. Metzgar, David Huong, Huo-Shu Wadleigh, Aya Ryan, Margaret A. K. Russell, Kevin L. TI Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 4 infections in US military recruits in the postvaccination era (1997-2003) SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Adenovirum Meeting CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2006 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GENOME TYPE ANALYSIS; ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS; ARMY TRAINEES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SEROTYPES 4; ILLNESS; JAPAN; HEALTHY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background. Military recruits are at a higher risk of respiratory infection than their civilian counterparts. Continuous outbreaks of adenovirus ( Ad)-associated acute respiratory disease were documented among US trainees before the implementation of serotype 4 ( Ad4) and serotype 7 vaccines in 1971. The discontinuation of Ad vaccination programs in 1999 precipitated the reemergence of Ad in training sites, with Ad4 accounting for 98% of all diagnosed cases. Methods. A total of 724 Ad4 strains isolated from recruits presenting with febrile respiratory illness at 8 training sites nationwide between 1997 and 2003 were genome typed by restriction enzyme analysis. Results. Seven genome types were identified, all of which were distinct from the prototype Ad4p and the vaccine type 4p1. Results showed very different, and often stable, genome type distributions at different geographic sites, despite the homogeneity of the recruit source population. Conclusions. The data support the hypothesis that reservoirs for Ad outbreaks are within recruit training sites or in their immediate environments, not in the incoming recruit population. Molecular characterization beyond serotype is critical to understanding the transmission dynamics of Ad infection in these unique susceptible populations and to the implementation of effective prevention approaches. C1 Lovelance Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kajon, AE (reprint author), Lovelance Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM akajon@lrri.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Zucca, Aya/0000-0001-8613-8315 NR 50 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1086/518442 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175BL UT WOS:000246987100012 PM 17538885 ER PT J AU Higa, KT AF Higa, Kelvin T. TI Energetic nanocomposite lead-free electric primers SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NANOPOWDER COMPOSITIONS AB To address environmental concerns on airborne lead from small- and medium-caliber ammunition, the military and ammunition manufacturers have been actively developing lead-free percussion electric primers. Airborne lead endangers the health of military personnel, hampers training, and lead cleanup of indoor and outdoor ranges is high. Although commercial lead-free primers are available, they do not meet the military all-up round action time requirements of 4 ms at 160 to -65 degrees F. Our current objective is to develop lead-free electric primers for medium caliber ammunition based on energetic nanocomposites with gas generating additives. The action time is controlled by the nature of the nanocomposite, mixing conditions, gas additive, and the quantity of gas generating additive. Ignition and ignition reliability are greatly improved by the addition of 2 wt % binder and 2 wt % carbon. Lead-free electric primers composed of 76% Al/MoO3 nanocomposite, 20% 3, 6-bis (1H-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-tetrazine, 2% Kel-F, and 2% carbon have been successfully fired at ambient and low temperatures meeting the military specifications. Aging of the energetic nanocomposite negatively impacts primer performance and aging of the nanocomposite ingredients have been investigated. The nanoaluminum powder passivation layer thickness is an important factor affecting the aging in air. Climax's nanooxidizer, MoO3, is both photosensitive and hydroscopic in air. However, heat treatment methods have been developed that eliminate the aging behavior of the oxidizer. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Higa, KT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 722 EP 727 DI 10.2514/1.25354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000012 ER PT J AU Landwehr, SE Hilmas, GE Fahrenholtz, WG Talmy, IG AF Landwehr, Sean E. Hilmas, Gregory E. Fahrenholtz, William G. Talmy, Inna G. TI Processing of ZrC-Mo cermets for high-temperature applications, Part I: Chemical interactions in the ZrC-Mo system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE AB The chemical compatibility of ZrC and Mo was investigated in carburizing and carbon-free environments at temperatures from 1700 degrees to 2200 degrees C. Heating in the carburizing atmosphere resulted in the complete reaction of Mo with C, while the carbon-free atmosphere resulted in retained metallic phase with a maximum of 13.8 mol% Mo2C formed. The presence of Mo2C was not detected at 2100 degrees C in the carbon-free atmosphere, confirming the existing phase equilibria in the Zr-Mo-C system. Heat treatments in the carbon-free atmosphere also showed liquid formation at 2200 degrees C, as evident from microstructure analysis. Liquid formation was consistent with the interaction between Mo and Mo2C. The liquid was found to comprise at least 7 vol% of the total component, based on a phase diagram for the Mo-C system. The formation of a liquid should allow for the processing of ZrC-Mo cermets by liquid-phase pressureless sintering. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ceram Sci Grp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Landwehr, SE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ceram Sci Grp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM landwehr@umr.edu OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 BP 1998 EP 2002 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01667.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 186CK UT WOS:000247756500004 ER PT J AU Beer, J Freeman, D AF Beer, Jeremy Freeman, David TI Flight display dynamics and compensatory head movements in pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE visual orientation; OKCR; attitude display ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; OPTOKINETIC CERVICAL REFLEX; AIRCRAFT ATTITUDE; POSITION AB Introduction: Experiments measured the optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR), wherein the banking pilot aligns the head with the horizon. In a synthetic cockpit, the flight display was manipulated to test whether changing the visual reference frame would alter OKCR. Methods: Eight subjects (five rated pilots) flew a route in simulated visual meteorological conditions that required them to bank the aircraft frequently. Pilots' head tilt was characterized using both the conventional method of regressing against simultaneous aircraft bank, and also an event-based analysis, which identified head movements before, during, and after each turn. Three display configurations were compared to determine whether pilots' orientation would ever migrate from the horizon to the aircraft symbol. The first was a conventional "Inside-Out" condition. A "Frequency-Separated" condition combined Inside-Out horizon geometry with Outside-in dynamics for the aircraft symbol, which depicted joystick bank inputs. In the "Outside-In" condition, the aircraft symbol rolled against a static horizon. Results: Regressions identified an interaction (p < 0.001) between display condition and aircraft bank: head tilt followed horizon tilt in Inside-Out and Frequency-Separated conditions, while remaining mostly level in the Outside-In condition. The event-based analysis identified anticipatory head movements in Inside-Out and Frequency-Separated conditions: 95% Cl indicated that before each turn, head tilt favored the direction of the imminent bank. Discussion: While the conventional analysis confirmed that the horizon comprises a primary spatial reference, the finer-grained event-based analysis indicated that pilots' reference can migrate at least temporarily to the vehicle, and that OKCR can be preceded by anticipatory head movements in the opposite direction. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Vehicle Engagement Simulator Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab,NHRC,DET,DEBT, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Beer, J (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Vehicle Engagement Simulator Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab,NHRC,DET,DEBT, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Jeremy.Beer@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 173GT UT WOS:000246862200007 PM 17571658 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Agassi, YD Moeckly, BH AF Oates, D. E. Agassi, Y. D. Moeckly, B. H. TI Intermodulation distortion and nonlinearity in MgB2: Experiment and theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE MgB2 films; Intermodulation distortion; microwave surface impedance; nonlinear surface impedance ID THIN-FILMS; REACTIVE EVAPORATION AB The nonlinear surface impedance and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products of MgB2 thin films have been measured as a function of temperature. The measurements use a stripline-resonator technique, following an approach that was developed and extensively applied to similar measurements of YBCO. The films were grown using the deposition technique of reactive evaporation onto LaAlO3 and sapphire substrates. The low-power R-s(T) is comparable to that of sputtered Nb films on sapphire, and lower than that of YBCO at the corresponding reduced temperatures. The rf-magnetic-field dependence at T < 20 K follows a moderate slope for H-rf < 500 Oe. At higher rf magnetic fields the increase is larger. The IMD values are larger than those of the best quality YBCO by more than 10 dB. The theoretical analysis assumes uncoupled pi and sigma channels (no interband scattering) and intrinsic nonlinearity to the lowest nonlinear order in the radiation field. Under these assumptions, the calculated IMD indicates dominance of the pi-channel contribution in the clean limit, with a temperature dependence that is consistent with the measured curve. This result indicates that the observed IMD may be consistent with an intrinsic origin for the nonlinearity. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2871 EP 2874 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899004 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900084 ER PT J AU McDonough, EA Metzgar, D Hansen, CJ Myers, CA Russell, KL AF McDonough, Erin A. Metzgar, David Hansen, Christian J. Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. TI A cluster of Legionella-associated pneumonia cases in a population of military recruits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDOPHILA-PNEUMONIAE; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; PNEUMOPHILA; SPECIMENS AB A Legionella cluster was identified through retrospective PCR analysis of 240 throat swab samples from X-ray-confirmed pneumonia cases. These were identified among young and otherwise healthy U.S. military recruits during population-based surveillance for pneumonia pathogens. Results were confirmed by sequence analysis. Cases clustered tightly, suggesting a local environmental etiology. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2077 DI 10.1128/JCM.02359-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 179JT UT WOS:000247286500078 PM 17460051 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW AF Zerilli, F. J. Armstrong, R. W. TI A constitutive equation for the dynamic deformation behavior of polymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION YIELD BEHAVIOR; HIGH-PRESSURE; MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR; GLASSY-POLYMERS; STRAIN-RATES; WIDE-RANGE; FLOW; STRESS; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) AB A constitutive equation based on the generalized concept of thermally activated flow units is developed to describe the stress-strain behavior of polymers as a function of temperature, strain-rate, and superposed hydrostatic pressure under conditions in which creep and long-term relaxation effects are negligible. The equation is shown to describe the principal features of the dynamic stress-strain behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene and, also, the yield stress of polymethylmethacrylate as a function of temperature and strain rate. A key feature of the model, not utilized in previous constitutive equation descriptions, is an inverse shear stress dependence of the shear activation volume. In contrast to metal deformation behavior, an enhanced strain hardening with increasing strain at higher strain rates and pressures is accounted for by an additional rate for immobilization of flow units. The influence of hydrostatic pressure enters through a pressure activation volume and also through the flow unit immobilization term. The thermal activation model is combined with a temperature dependent Maxwell-Weichert linear viscoelastic model that describes the initial small strain part of the stress strain curve. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rona@eng.umd.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4562 EP 4574 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0550-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 180XW UT WOS:000247402300056 ER PT J AU Litz, M Feroli, T Merkel, GM Guardala, N Helba, M Pereira, NR Carroll, JJ AF Litz, M. Feroli, T. Merkel, G. M. Guardala, N. Helba, M. Pereira, N. R. Carroll, J. J. TI Evaluation of Ho-166m: In search of photonuclear cross sections and trigger-level paths SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS AB Part of the Army Research Laboratory's battery program is research in the viability of nuclear batteries. Particularly attractive is a nuclear battery that can be stored without loss of energy, and then turned on by some external signal. This paper describes the progress toward that goal. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. SRS Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. RP Litz, M (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 868 EP 873 DI 10.1134/S1054660X07060138 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 181DJ UT WOS:000247416800013 ER PT J AU Sampath, R Russell, KL Massire, C Eshoo, MW Harpin, V Blyn, LB Melton, R Ivy, C Pennella, T Li, F Levene, H Hall, TA Libby, B Fan, N Walcott, DJ Ranken, R Pear, M Schink, A Gutierrez, J Drader, J Moore, D Metzgar, D Addington, L Rothman, R Gaydos, CA Yang, S St George, K Fuschino, ME Dean, AB Stallknecht, DE Goekjian, G Yingst, S Monteville, M Saad, MD Whitehouse, CA Baldwin, C Rudnick, KH Hofstadler, SA Lemon, SM Ecker, DJ AF Sampath, Rangarajan Russell, Kevin L. Massire, Christian Eshoo, Mark W. Harpin, Vanessa Blyn, Lawrence B. Melton, Rachael Ivy, Cristina Pennella, Thuy Li, Feng Levene, Harold Hall, Thomas A. Libby, Brian Fan, Nancy Walcott, Demetrius J. Ranken, Raymond Pear, Michael Schink, Amy Gutierrez, Jose Drader, Jared Moore, David Metzgar, David Addington, Lynda Rothman, Richard Gaydos, Charlotte A. Yang, Samuel St. George, Kirsten Fuschino, Meghan E. Dean, Amy B. Stallknecht, David E. Goekjian, Ginger Yingst, Samuel Monteville, Marshall Saad, Magdi D. Whitehouse, Chris A. Baldwin, Carson Rudnick, Karl H. Hofstadler, Steven A. Lemon, Stanley M. Ecker, David J. TI Global Surveillance of Emerging Influenza Virus Genotypes by Mass Spectrometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Effective influenza surveillance requires new methods capable of rapid and inexpensive genomic analysis of evolving viral species for pandemic preparedness, to understand the evolution of circulating viral species, and for vaccine strain selection. We have developed one such approach based on previously described broad-range reverse transcription PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RT-PCR/ESI-MS) technology. Methods and Principal Findings. Analysis of base compositions of RT-PCR amplicons from influenza core gene segments (PB1, PB2, PA, M, NS, NP) are used to provide subspecies identification and infer influenza virus H and N subtypes. Using this approach, we detected and correctly identified 92 mammalian and avian influenza isolates, representing 30 different H and N types, including 29 avian H5N1 isolates. Further, direct analysis of 656 human clinical respiratory specimens collected over a seven-year period (1999-2006) showed correct identification of the viral species and subtypes with >97% sensitivity and specificity. Base composition derived clusters inferred from this analysis showed 100% concordance to previously established clades. Ongoing surveillance of samples from the recent influenza virus seasons (2005-2006) showed evidence for emergence and establishment of new genotypes of circulating H3N2 strains worldwide. Mixed viral quasispecies were found in approximately 1% of these recent samples providing a view into viral evolution. Conclusion/Significance. Thus, rapid RT-PCR/ESI-MS analysis can be used to simultaneously identify all species of influenza viruses with clade-level resolution, identify mixed viral populations and monitor global spread and emergence of novel viral genotypes. This high-throughput method promises to become an integral component of influenza surveillance. C1 [Sampath, Rangarajan; Massire, Christian; Eshoo, Mark W.; Harpin, Vanessa; Blyn, Lawrence B.; Melton, Rachael; Ivy, Cristina; Pennella, Thuy; Li, Feng; Levene, Harold; Hall, Thomas A.; Libby, Brian; Fan, Nancy; Walcott, Demetrius J.; Ranken, Raymond; Pear, Michael; Schink, Amy; Gutierrez, Jose; Drader, Jared; Moore, David; Hofstadler, Steven A.; Ecker, David J.] Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Russell, Kevin L.; Metzgar, David; Addington, Lynda] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rothman, Richard; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Yang, Samuel] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Emergency Med & Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [St. George, Kirsten; Fuschino, Meghan E.; Dean, Amy B.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Stallknecht, David E.; Goekjian, Ginger] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. [Yingst, Samuel; Monteville, Marshall; Saad, Magdi D.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Whitehouse, Chris A.; Baldwin, Carson] USA, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Rudnick, Karl H.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Lemon, Stanley M.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX USA. RP Sampath, R (reprint author), Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. EM rsampath@ibisbio.com RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; Rothman, Richard/0000-0002-1017-9505 FU DARPA; U.S. Department of Defense; CDC [R01-CI-000099]; NIAID, NIH [IUCIAI067232-01] FX The RT-PCR/ESI-MS technology development was funded by DARPA, a division of the U.S. Department of Defense. Funding from the CDC and NIAID supported the influenza surveillance assay development and screening described here. The sponsors had no role in the design, implementation or conlusions of the assay.; The author thank the CDC (Extramural Grant: R01-CI-000099) and NIAID (NIH Grant IUCIAI067232-01) for financial support. NR 26 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 30 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e489 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000489 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10FB UT WOS:000207448800019 PM 17534439 ER PT J AU Lin, B Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Rowley, RK Hanson, EH von Rosenvinge, E Ligler, FS Kusterbeck, AW Metzgar, D Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Schnur, JM Stenger, DA AF Lin, Baochuan Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Blaney, Kate M. Ligler, Adam G. Rowley, Robb K. Hanson, Eric H. von Rosenvinge, Erik Ligler, Frances S. Kusterbeck, Anne W. Metzgar, David Barrozo, Christopher P. Russell, Kevin L. Tibbetts, Clark Schnur, Joel M. Stenger, David A. TI Application of Broad-Spectrum, Sequence-Based Pathogen Identification in an Urban Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A broad spectrum detection platform that provides sequence level resolution of target regions would have a significant impact in public health, case management, and means of expanding our understanding of the etiology of diseases. A previously developed respiratory pathogen microarray (RPM v.1) demonstrated the capability of this platform for this purpose. This newly developed RPM v.1 was used to analyze 424 well-characterized nasal wash specimens from patients presenting with febrile respiratory illness in the Washington, D. C. metropolitan region. For each specimen, the RPM v.1 results were compared against composite reference assay (viral and bacterial culture and, where appropriate, RT-PCR/PCR) results. Across this panel, the RPM assay showed >= 98% overall agreement for all the organisms detected compared with reference methods. Additionally, the RPM v.1 results provide sequence information which allowed phylogenetic classification of circulating influenza A viruses in similar to 250 clinical specimens, and allowed monitoring the genetic variation as well as antigenic variability prediction. Multiple pathogens (2-4) were detected in 58 specimens (13.7%) with notably increased abundances of respiratory colonizers (esp. S. pneumoniae) during viral infection. This first-ever comparison of a broad-spectrum viral and bacterial identification technology of this type against a large battery of conventional "gold standard'' assays confirms the utility of the approach for both medical surveillance and investigations of complex etiologies of illness caused by respiratory co-infections. C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Ligler, Frances S.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.; Schnur, Joel M.; Stenger, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Zheng; Blaney, Kate M.; Ligler, Adam G.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Rowley, Robb K.; Hanson, Eric H.; Tibbetts, Clark] Headquarters USAF Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. [von Rosenvinge, Erik] Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Metzgar, David; Barrozo, Christopher P.; Russell, Kevin L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU NRL; Office of Naval Research FX The funding for this research is provided by the NRL base program and the Office of Naval Research. This project would not be possible without the support from the Air Force Surgeon General Office, the Joint Program Executive Office and Defense Threat Reduction Agency during the Silent Guardian Demonstration Project. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e419 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000419 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DX UT WOS:000207445800001 PM 17502915 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Son, KA Waltz, C AF Prokopuk, Nicholas Son, Kyung-Ah Waltz, Chad TI Electron tunneling through fluid solvents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; TRANSFER KINETICS; TRANSFER PROTEINS; DISTANCE; PATHWAYS; DEVICES; WATER; REORGANIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; DEPENDENCE AB Despite the biological, chemical, and physical importance of electron tunneling across noncovalent matrices, relatively little is known about the ability of the various nonbonding interactions (hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals forces) to mediate charge transfer. Herein, we report the steady-state current-voltage (I-V) profiles of nanometer junctions filled with water and a variety of organic solvents. The maximum currents for the solvents studied span 6 orders of magnitude. The I-V data can be reasonably fit to a simple electron tunneling model with a rectangular energy barrier representing the solvent. Protic solvents provide the smallest barrier heights (greatest tunneling currents), and nonpolar solvents exhibit the largest energy barriers (lowest currents). Trends in the barrier heights with the strength of the solvent-solvent interactions (hydrogen-bonding < dipole-dipole < dispersion interactions) indicate that the solvent's cohesive energy largely determines/limits the barrier heights of the fluid systems rather than the electronic structure of the solvent molecule (e.g., electron affinity or ionization potential). These results demonstrate that facile electron tunneling through nonbonding media must be accompanied by relatively strong intermolecular interactions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Prokopuk, N (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6533 EP 6537 DI 10.1021/jp070106h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900057 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Sausen, KP Mujica-Parodi, LR Potterat, EG Yanagi, MA Kim, H AF Taylor, Marcus K. Sausen, Kenneth P. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Potterat, Eric G. Yanagi, Matthew A. Kim, Hyung TI Neurophysiologic methods to measure stress during survival, evasion, resistance, and escape training SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cortisol; MRI; acoustic startle; heart rate variability ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; MENTAL STRESS; HUMANS; EMOTION; CORTISOL; NEUROENDOCRINE; CONSOLIDATION; DISSOCIATION AB Training in Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) is required for U.S. military members at high risk of capture. This physically and psychologically demanding course is considered an analog to the stress imposed by war, captivity, and related events, thus offering a unique and unprecedented medium in which to systematically examine human stress and performance during a realistically intense operational context. Operational stress is multifaceted, manifesting cerebral, neuroendocrine, cardiac, and cognitive characteristics, and necessitating an integration of multiple methods of measurement to appropriately characterize its complexity. Herein we describe some of our present research methods and discuss their applicability to real-time monitoring and predicting of key aspects of human performance. A systems approach is taken, whereby some of the "key players" implicated in the stress response (e.g., cerebral, neuroendocrine, cardiac) are briefly discussed, to which we link corresponding investigative techniques (fMRI, acoustic startle eye-blink reflex, heart rate variability, and neuroendocrine sampling). Background and previous research with each investigative technique and its relationship to the SERE context is briefly reviewed. Ultimately, we discuss the operational applicability of each measure, that is, how each may be integrated with technologies that allow computational systems to adapt to the performer during operational stress. C1 USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Pacific, Fleet Aviat Specialized Operat Training Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM taylorm@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B224 EP B230 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800031 PM 17547323 ER PT J AU Tsai, YF Viirre, E Strychacz, C Chase, B Jung, TP AF Tsai, Yi-Fang Viirre, Erik Strychacz, Christopher Chase, Bradley Jung, Tzyy-Ping TI Task performance and eye activity: Predicting behavior relating to cognitive workload SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oculomotor assessment; blinks; pupillometry; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; driving simulation ID SIMULATED FLIGHT; PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; MEMORY TASK; DUAL-TASK; MOVEMENTS; FATIGUE; INFORMATION; RESPONSES AB Introduction: The focus of this study was to examine oculomotor behavioral changes while subjects performed auditory and driving tasks. Methods: There were 13 participants who completed 3 10-min tasks consisting of driving only, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) only, and a dual task of both driving and auditory tasks. For each participant, changes in six measures were assessed as a function of cognitive workload, specifically changes in eye activity, including blink frequency, blink duration, fixation frequency, fixation duration, pupil diameter, and horizontal vergence. In addition, deviations in lateral lane position were assessed as a measure of driving behavior. Results. Compared with the subjects' behavior in the driving-only task, results showed an increase in blink frequency during the combined driving and auditory task. Also, during the dual task the mean pupil diameter and horizontal vergence increased when subjects performed well in the auditory task in contrast to when the subjects performed poorly. Evidence of visual tunneling or reduced range of scanning and decreases in rearview mirror and odometer glances appeared when subjects performed the driving and auditory dual task. There was no significant change in fixation frequency. However, decreased fixation duration appeared to predict upcoming errors in the auditory task. Pupil diameter changes were significantly higher when performing well on the auditory task than when subjects were performing poorly. Conclusion: Eye behavior trends reported in this study may provide insight to human behavior corresponding with cognitive workload, which may in turn be utilized to produce reliable workload indicators and applications that predict poor performance in real time. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Appl Cognit Sci Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA USA. RP Viirre, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Div Head & Neck Surg, 9350 Campus Point Dr,Suite 1A, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM eviirre@ucsd.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B176 EP B185 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800026 PM 17547318 ER PT J AU Longo, J Shao, J Irvine, M Stern, F AF Longo, J. Shao, J. Irvine, M. Stern, F. TI Phase-averaged PIV for the nominal wake of a surface ship in regular head waves SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT; MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; COMBATANT; PROPELLER; PATTERN; FORCES; MOMENT; BIASES AB Phase-averaged organized oscillation velocities (U, V, W) and random fluctuation Reynolds stresses ((uu) over bar,(vv) over bar,(ww) over bar,(uv) over bar,(uw) over bar) are presented for the nominal wake of a surface ship advancing in regular head (incident) waves, but restrained from body, motions, i.e., the forward-speed diffraction problem. A 3.048 X 3.048 X 100 m towing tank, plunger wave maker, and towed, 2D particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and servo mechanism wave-probe measurement systems are used. The geometry is DTMB model 5415 (L=3.048 m, 1/46.6 scale), which is an international benchmark for ship hydrodynamics. The conditions are Froude number Fr=0.28, wave steepness Ak=0.025, wavelength lambda/L=1.5, wave frequency f=0.584 Hz, and encounter frequency,f(e)=0.922 Hz. Innovative data acquisition, reduction, and uncertainty analysis procedures are developed for the phase-averaged PIV The unsteady nominal wake is explained by interactions between the hull boundary layer and axial vortices and incident wave. There are three primary wave-induced effects: pressure gradients 4 % U-c, orbital velocity transport 15 % U-c, and unsteady sonar dome lifting wake. In the outer region, the uniform flow, incident wave velocities are recovered within the experimental uncertainties. In the inner, viscous flow region, the boundary layer undergoes significant time-varying upward contraction and downward expansion in phase with the incident wave crests and troughs, respectively. The zeroth harmonic exceeds the steady flow amplitudes by 5-20% and 70% for the velocities and Reynolds stresses, respectively. The first-harmonic amplitudes are large and in phase with the incident wave in the bulge region (axial velocity), damped by the hull and boundary layer and mostly in phase with the incident wave (vertical velocity), and small except near the free surface-hull shoulder (transverse velocity). Reynolds stress amplitudes are an order-of-magnitude smaller than for the velocity components showing large values in the thin boundary layer and bulge regions and mostly in phase with the incident wave. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, IIHR Hydrosci Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Italian Ship Model Basin, Rome, Italy. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Longo, J (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, IIHR Hydrosci Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 524 EP 540 DI 10.1115/1.2717618 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198HJ UT WOS:000248617300002 ER PT J AU Smith, B Leard, CA Smith, TC Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Besa Leard, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Anthrax vaccination in the millennium cohort - Validation and measures of health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; MILITARY SERVICE; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; ARMED-FORCES; ERA VETERANS; SELF-REPORT; SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: In 1998, the United States Department of Defense initiated the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program. Concerns about vaccine-related adverse health effects followed, prompting several studies. Although some studies used self-reported vaccination data, the reliability of such data has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported anthrax vaccination to electronic vaccine records among a large military cohort and to evaluate the relationship between vaccine history and health outcome data. Methods: Between September 2005 and February 2006 self-reported anthrax vaccination was compared to electronic records for 67,018 participants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study between 2001 and 2003 using kappa statistics. Multivariable modeling investigated vaccination concordance as it pertains to subjective health (functional status) and objective health (hospitalization) metrics. Results: Greater than substantial agreement (kappa=0.80) was found between self-report and electronic recording of anthrax vaccination. Of all participants with electronic documentation of anthrax vaccination, 98% self-reported being vaccinated; and of all participants with no electronic record of vaccination, 90% self-reported not receiving a vaccination. There were no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in overall measures of health. Only the subset of participants who self-reported anthrax vaccination, but had no electronic confirmation, differed from others in the cohort, with consistently lower measures of health as indicated by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V) scores. Conclusions: These results indicate that military members accurately recall their anthrax vaccinations. Results also suggest that anthrax vaccination among Millennium Cohort participants is not associated with self-reported health problems or broad measures of health problems severe enough to require hospitalization. Service members who self-report vaccination with no electronic documentation of vaccination, however, report lower measures of physical and mental health and deserve further research. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.015 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 155FH UT WOS:000245562800013 PM 17383567 ER PT J AU Strickler, JK Hawksworth, AW Myers, C Irvine, M Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Strickler, Jennifer K. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Myers, Christopher Irvine, Marina Ryan, Margaret A. K. Russell, Kevin L. TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness among US military basic trainees, 2005-06 season SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Virtually all US military basic trainees receive seasonal influenza vaccine. Surveillance data collected from December 2005 through March 2006 were evaluated to estimate effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at 6 US military basic training centers. Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 92% (95% confidence interval 85%-96%). C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Strickler, JK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM strickler@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 617 EP 619 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200017 PM 17553281 ER PT J AU Es-Said, OS Ruperto, TM Vasquez, SL Yue, AY Manriquez, DJ Quilla, JC Harris, SH Hannan, S Foyos, J Lee, EW Pregger, B Abourialy, N Ogren, J AF Es-Said, O. S. Ruperto, T. M. Vasquez, S. L. Yue, A. Y. Manriquez, D. J. Quilla, J. C. Harris, S. H. Hannan, S. Foyos, J. Lee, E. W. Pregger, B. Abourialy, N. Ogren, J. TI Warpage behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy extrusions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Syposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Seattle, WA DE 7075 extrusions; varying section shapes; warpage AB Extruded I sections of 7075-T6 aluminum were machined into four different sections shapes: L, short depth L, T, and short depth 7. The furnace was preheated to 416 degrees C (780 degrees F) and the samples were placed inside. The temperature was raised to 471 degrees C (880 degrees F) and then the samples were quenched in either a 30% polyalkylene Glycol solution or water, both at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F). Points on the distorted samples were recorded before and after the solution treatment; the difference between the measurements indicated the extent of warpage. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 LMU Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9044-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 165QQ UT WOS:000246320800018 ER PT J AU Naluai, NK Lauchle, GC Gabrielson, TB Joseph, JH AF Naluai, Nathan K. Lauchle, Gerald C. Gabrielson, Thomas B. Joseph, John H. TI Bi-static sonar applications of intensity processing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROLATE SPHEROIDS; SCATTERING; FIELD AB Acoustic intensity processing of signals from directional sonobuoy acoustic subsystems is used to enhance the detection of submerged bodies in bi-static sonar applications. In some directions, the scattered signals may be completely dominated by the incident blast from the source, depending upon the geometry, making the object undetectable by traditional pressure measurements. Previous theoretical derivations suggest that acoustic vector intensity sensors, and the associated intensity processing, are a potential solution to this problem. Deep water experiments conducted at Lake Pend Oreille in northern Idaho are described. A large, hollow cylindrical body is located between a source and a number of SSQ-53D sonobuoys positioned from 5 to 30 body lengths away from the scattering body. Measurements show changes in the acoustic pressure of less than 0.5 dB when the scattering body is inserted in the field. However, the phase of the acoustic intensity component formed between the acoustic pressure and particle velocity component orthogonal to the direction of incident wave propagation varies by as much as 55 degrees. This metric is shown to be a repeatable and strong indicator of the presence of the scattering body. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16804 USA. NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Naluai, NK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, 217 Appl Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM nathan.naluai@navy.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1909 EP 1915 DI 10.1121/1.2642243 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 156ZE UT WOS:000245687600008 PM 17471706 ER PT J AU Freed, NE Myers, CA Russell, KL Walter, EA Irvine, M Coon, RG Metzgar, D AF Freed, Nikki E. Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. Walter, Elizabeth A. Irvine, Marina Coon, Robert G. Metzgar, David TI Diagnostic discrimination of live attenuated influenza vaccine strains and community-acquired pathogenic strains in clinical samples SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR; RT-PCR; LAIV; vaccine shedding; FluMist ID VIRUS VACCINE; FLUMIST; PCR AB Live vaccines can generate false-positive results on common influenza assays including reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), culture and antigen tests. This threatens the integrity of epidemiological data and may misdirect treatment and control efforts. We report the development of RT-PCR tests that distinguish live FluMist (TM) vaccine (FMV) strains from circulating influenza strains in clinical samples. Primers were validated using influenza-positive samples from unvaccinated patients, packaged FMV, and one PCR-positive asymptomatic vaccine. Furthermore, the assay was used to experimentally test our tab's collection of influenza-positive samples from the 2004-05 and 2005-06 influenza seasons and several 2005 preseason isolates to determine the rate of vaccine-derived false-positive results under differing epidemiological conditions. Analytical and clinical validations show that the assay is both sensitive and specific. Experimental results demonstrate that 51 out of 51 influenza-positive samples collected during influenza season from ill, previously-vaccinated military personnel represent real infections with circulating strains. Finally, the assay shows that four preseason influenza-positive samples were false positives resulting from vaccine shedding. The vaccine-discriminatory RT-PCR methods described here provide the first test designed to distinguish FMV strains from circulating strains. The results show that the test is effective, and demonstrate the importance of such tests in the age of live vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Bldg 335,Room 207,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM nicole.freed@env.ethz.ch; myers@nhrc.navy.mil; russell@nhrc.navy.mil; Elizabeth.Walter2@lackland.af.mil; irvine@nhrc.navy.mil; coon@nhrc.navy.mil; metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.08.007 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 135VX UT WOS:000244183100004 PM 17045779 ER PT J AU Conway, TL Woodruff, SI Hervig, LK AF Conway, Terry L. Woodruff, Susan I. Hervig, Linda K. TI Women's smoking history prior to entering the US Navy: a prospective predictor of performance SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES MILITARY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; TOBACCO USE; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; PERSONNEL; MEN; ASSOCIATION; ALCOHOL; HEALTH AB Objective: To examine whether women's tobacco use prior to entering the US Navy is predictive of subsequent career performance. A priori predictions were that smoking at entry into the Navy would be related to early attrition, poorer job performance, more disciplinary problems and lower likelihood of re-enlistment. Methods: A prospective cohort analysis of 5487 women entering the US Navy between March 1996 and March 1997 was conducted. Navy attrition/retention and career performance measures, such as time in service, early attrition, type of discharge, misconduct, number of promotions, demotions and unauthorised absences, highest paygrade achieved, and re-enlistment were examined. Results: Compared with never smokers, daily smokers at entry into the US Navy had subsequent career outcomes consistently indicating poorer job performance (eg, early attrition prior to serving a full-term enlistment, more likely to have a less-than-honourable discharge, more demotions and desertions, lower achieved paygrade and less likely to re-enlist). Other types of smokers consistently fell between never and daily smokers on career outcome measures. Conclusions: For women entering the US Navy, being a daily smoker is a prospective predictor of poorer performance in the Navy. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of cessation intervention with smoker-enlistees prior to their entering the Navy, to assess the impact on subsequent career outcomes. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Conway, TL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 9245 Sky Pk Court,Suite 120, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM tconway@mail.sdsu.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.016436 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 152GR UT WOS:000245350100010 PM 17400943 ER PT J AU King, CR Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC AF King, Christopher R. Freedland, Stephen J. Terris, Martha K. Aronson, William J. Kane, Christopher J. Amling, Christopher L. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. TI Optimal timing, cutoff, and method of calculation of preoperative prostate-specific antigen velocity to predict relapse after prostatectomy: A report from SEARCH SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PSA VELOCITY; DOUBLING TIME; CANCER; INTERVAL AB OBJECTIVES Preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV), the rate of PSA rise preceding diagnosis, predicts for relapse and cancer death after prostatectomy or radiotherapy. We studied the timing, cutoff levels, and method of calculation to better define its usefulness. METHODS The rates of biochemical relapse were examined in 471 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with previous PSA history available. PSAV was calculated by two methods, as the difference between two PSAs divided by time, or as the slope of all available PSAs within that interval. Kaplan-Meier relapse-free survival was compared among the groups with various intervals and cutoff levels in their preoperative PSAV definition. Univariate and multivariate analysis examined all preoperative factors and PSAV for their association with relapse. RESULTS The two methods of PSAV calculation yielded values within 5% of each other (R-2 = 0.91). A PSA history that precedes RP by at least 12 months is necessary. A PSAV cutoff level of 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr appeared optimal for a PSA interval spanning 12 to 24 months before RP (P = 0.008). PSAV using a longer interval (24 to 36 months) before RP appeared more sensitive, with a cutoff of I ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 1 ng/mL/yr (P = 0.029) and 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr (P = 0.0041) associated with relapse. A preoperative PSAV of 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was an independent factor associated with the risk of relapse after RP. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that preoperative PSAV is independently associated with relapse after RP. However, a minimum interval of 12 months before RP is needed, and a PSAV cutoff level of 2 ng/mL/yr appears optimal. A simple two-point method of calculating PSAV is reliable. UROLOGY 69: 732-737, 2007.(C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Div Urol Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP King, CR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM crking@stanford.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.01.019 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 167TK UT WOS:000246474800029 PM 17445660 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Yandek, GR Petteys, BJ Connor, D AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Yandek, Gregory R. Petteys, Brian J. Connor, D. TI New cyanate ester and poly-p-phenylene resins with low moisture absorption and improved thermal stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Petteys, Brian J.; Connor, D.] USN, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; Michael.Wright@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 569-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100390 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Corrosion-resistant alloys for naval aviation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800002 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI High-strength aluminum alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The participants in the aluminum workshop sessions validated and amended three objectives for achieving ultra high-strength, inherently corrosion-resistant aluminum alloysfor Navy aircraft. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800003 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Corrosion-resistant cast magnesium alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The participants in the magnesium working group validated and modified the science and technology objectives for achieving highly corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys for enhanced readiness, improved performance, and lower lifecycle costs. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800004 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Ultrahigh-strength steel alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Participants in the steel workshop sessions validated and modified the science and technology objectives for developing ultrahigh-strength, intrinsically corrosion-resistant steels for enhanced readiness, improved performance, and lower lifecycle cost. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800005 ER PT J AU Vieth, R Bischoff-Ferrari, H Boucher, BJ Dawson-Hughes, B Garland, CF Heaney, RP Holick, MF Hollis, BW Lamberg-Allardt, C McGrath, JJ Norman, AW Scragg, R Whiting, SJ Willett, WC Zittermann, A AF Vieth, Reinhold Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Boucher, Barbara J. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Garland, Cedric F. Heaney, Robert P. Holick, Michael F. Hollis, Bruce W. Lamberg-Allardt, Christel McGrath, John J. Norman, Anthony W. Scragg, Robert Whiting, Susan J. Willett, Walter C. Zittermann, Armin TI The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; GIRLS; OLDER; RISK C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Populat Hlth, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Div Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Heart Ctr N Rhine Westfalia, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Bochum, Germany. Univ London, Ctr Diabet & Metab Med, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, London, England. Queensland Ctr Schizophrenia Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Psychiat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Helsinki, Finland. RP Vieth, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM rvietha@mtsinai.on.ca RI McGrath, John/G-5493-2010; OI McGrath, John/0000-0002-4792-6068; Scragg, Robert/0000-0003-0013-2620; Boucher, Barbara J/0000-0003-1206-7555; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel/0000-0001-7326-1904 NR 18 TC 428 Z9 457 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900002 PM 17344484 ER PT J AU Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Grant, WB Mohr, SB Lipkin, M Newmark, HL Giovannucci, E Wei, M Holick, MF AF Gorham, Edward D. Garland, Cedric F. Garland, Frank C. Grant, William B. Mohr, Sharif B. Lipkin, Martin Newmark, Harold L. Giovannucci, Edward Wei, Melissa Holick, Michael F. TI Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention - A quantitative meta analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; COLON-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; UNITED-STATES; RECTAL-CANCER; DOSE-RESPONSE; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT AB Background: Previous studies, such as the Women's Health Initiative, have shown that a low dose of vitamin D did not protect against colorectal cancer, yet a meta-analysis indicates that a higher dose may reduce its incidence. Methods: Five studies of serum 25(OH)D in association with colorectal cancer risk were identified using PubMed. The results of all five serum studies were combined using standard methods for pooled analysis. The pooled results were divided into quintiles with median 25(OH)D values of 6, 16, 22, 27, and 37 ng/mL. Odds ratios were calculated by quintile of the pooled data using Peto's Assumption-Free Method, with the lowest quintile of 25(OH)D as the reference group. A dose-response curve was plotted based on the odds for each quintile of the pooled data. Data were abstracted and analyzed in 2006. Results: Odds ratios for the combined serum 25(OH)D studies, from lowest to highest quintile, were 1.00, 0.82, 0.66, 0.59, and 0.46 (p(trend)< 0.0001) for colorectal cancer. According to the DerSimonian-Laird test for homogeneity of pooled data, the studies were homogeneous (chi(2) = 1.09, df=4, p=0.90. The pooled odds ratio for the highest quintile versus the lowest was 0.49 (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.68). A 50% lower risk of colorectal cancer was associated with a serum 25 (OH) D level >= 33 ng/mL, compared to <= 12 ng/mL. Conclusions: The evidence to date suggests that daily intake of 1000-2000 IU/day of vitamin D-3 could reduce the incidence of colorectal with minimal risk. (Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (3):210 -216) (c) 2007 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. SUNARC Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Strang Canc Prevent Ctr, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Code 24 Bldg 346,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM gorham@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009; OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062 NR 85 TC 291 Z9 298 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000005 PM 17296473 ER PT J AU Green, BE Chung, JJ AF Green, Bradford E. Chung, James J. TI Transonic computational fluid dynamics calculations on preproduction F/A-18E for stability and control SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ABRUPT WING STALL AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the longitudinal and lateral/directional stability and control characteristics of an 8%-scale wind tunnel model of the preproduction F/A-18E Super Hornet at two transonic Mach numbers without any prior knowledge of existing wind tunnel or flight test data. The tetrahedral unstructured software system was used to genera and analyze grids during this computational study. The longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the aircraft were evaluated using three different horizontal tail deflections. Before evaluating nonzero horizontal tail deflections, coarse, medium and fine grids of the preproduction F/A-18E with a horizontal tail deflection of 0 deg were used in a grid resolution study to determine the grid density that was required to accurately calculate the forces and moments of the aircraft. The grid resolution study indicated that the medium grid was adequate at Mach 0.8 whereas the fine grid was necessary at Mach 0.9. The medium and fine grids with tail deflections of -6 and 6 deg were then generated and analyzed at Mach 0.8 and Mach 0.9, respectively, to determine the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the aircraft. The lateral/ directional stability and control characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E were evaluated using a range of sideslip angles for several different angles of attack at Mach 0.8 and 0.9. The computational results compared very favorably to the existing wind tunnel data. C1 NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), NAVAIR, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.2514/1.22846 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 155YP UT WOS:000245615000008 ER PT J AU Stutler, SA Johnson, EW Still, KR Schaeffer, DJ Hess, RA Arfsten, DP AF Stutler, Shannon A. Johnson, Eric W. Still, Kenneth R. Schaeffer, David J. Hess, Rex A. Arfsten, Darryl P. TI Effect of method of euthanasia on sperm motility of mature sprague-dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPIDIDYMAL SPERM; INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; STRESS; SYSTEM; SEMEN; SPERMATOGENESIS; HALOTHANE; CHEMICALS AB Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in laboratory animal settings. The method of euthanasia may affect experimental results in studies using animals and must be compatible with research objectives including subsequent tissue analyses. Our present study was performed to evaluate the effects of 7 euthanasia methods on sperm motility in mature rats. Rats were euthanized using CO2, 2 commercially available euthanasia solutions (Beuthanasia-D and Sleepaway), and 4 volatile anesthetics (enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane). Rats euthanized by rapid decapitation alone served as negative controls, and a-chlorohydrin-treated rats euthanized by rapid decapitation were positive controls for sperm impairment. For 5 of these methods, we also measured time to ataxia, recumbency, respiratory arrest, and no auscultable heartbeat. Immediately after euthanasia of each rat, distal caudal epididymides were removed; 1 was processed for automated sperm motility analysis, and the other was frozen for subsequent concentration analysis. Time to all measured parameters was less for volatile anesthetics than for Beuthanasia-D. Times to last respiration and no heartbeat were less for halothane and isoflurane than for enflurane and sevoflurane. Percentage motile sperm did not differ significantly between methods. Percentage progressively motile sperm did not vary significantly between methods except for Beuthanasia-D, for which it was significantly less than the negative control value. Specific sperm motion parameters for each euthanasia method except CO, and Sleepaway varied significantly from the negative control. Our results indicate that the method of euthanasia is an important consideration when rat sperm motility parameters must be evaluated. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Vivarium Support Funct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Darryl.Arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 67 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 151XU UT WOS:000245325200002 PM 17343347 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Premilitary sexual assault and attrition in the US Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; VICTIMIZATION; RECRUITS; VIOLENCE; HEALTH; RAPE; AGGRESSION; DEPRESSION; SAMPLE; IMPACT AB A prospective study examined whether adult premilitary sexual victimization predicted women's military attrition. In a survey of female Navy recruits (N = 2,431), 56% reported some form of adult unwanted sexual contact before entering the military, with 25% reporting completed rape. Approximately one-third of respondents left the Navy before completing their 4-year term of service. When rape, attempted rape, and lower-level unwanted sexual contact were considered simultaneously, only rape predicted attrition. Women who reported premilitary rape, compared with those who did not, were 1.69 times more likely to leave the military. The pattern of results held across the 4-year period examined and after controlling for demographic predictors. C1 USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000007 PM 17436768 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Presti, JC AF Freedland, Stephen J. Kane, Christopher J. Amling, Christopher L. Aronson, William J. Terris, Martha K. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Upgrading and downgrading of prostate needle biopsy specimens: Risk factors and clinical implications SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; GLEASON SCORES; CANCER; GRADE; OBESITY; MORTALITY; ACCURACY; IMPROVES; DATABASE; SCHEME AB OBJECTIVES The prostate biopsy Gleason grade frequently differs from the radical prostatectomy (RP) grade. Given the critical role that needle biopsy plays in treatment decisions, we sought to determine the risk factors for upgrading and downgrading the prostate biopsy specimen. METHODS We determined the significant predictors of upgrading (worse RP grade than biopsy grade) and downgrading (better RP grade than biopsy grade) among 1113 men treated with RP from 1996 to 2005 within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database who had undergone at least sextant biopsy. The Gleason sum was examined as a categorical variable of 2 to 6, 3+4, and 4+3 or greater. RESULTS Overall, the disease of 299 men (27%) was upgraded and 123 (11%) was downgraded, and 691 men (62%) had identical biopsy and pathologic Gleason sum groups. Upgrading was associated with adverse pathologic features (P <= 0.001) and the risk of biochemical progression (P = 0.001). Downgrading was associated with more favorable pathologic features (P <= 0.01) and a decreased risk of progression (P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, greater prostate-specific antigen levels (P < 0.001), more biopsy cores with cancer (P = 0.001), and obesity (P = 0.003) were all significantly and positively associated with upgrading. In contrast, biopsy Gleason sum 3+4 (P = 0.001) and obtaining eight or more biopsy cores (P = 0.01) were associated with a lower likelihood of upgrading. CONCLUSIONS Men whose disease was upgraded were at a greater risk of adverse pathologic features and biochemical progression. Men with "high-risk" cancer (greater prostate-specific antigen levels, more positive cores, and obese) were more likely to have their disease category upgraded, and obtaining more biopsy cores reduced the likelihood of upgrading. C1 Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Durham, NC USA. San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol, DUMC, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, P50 CA092131, P50 CA092131-01A10005, R01 CA100938, R01CA100938]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000865, M01 RR000865-310710] NR 19 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.036 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 155GS UT WOS:000245566500020 PM 17382152 ER PT J AU Dayal, P Guenthner, AJ Kyu, T AF Dayal, Pratyush Guenthner, Andrew J. Kyu, Thein TI Morphology development of main-chain liquid crystalline polymer fibers during solvent evaporation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE LCP; morphology; phase behavior; structure; modeling ID THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; PHASE SEPARATIONS AB A nonequilibrium thermodynamic approach has been developed for describing the emergence of fiber morphologies from a liquid crystalline polymer solution undergoing solvent evaporation, including fibrillar structures, concentric rings, and spiral structures. We utilized Matsuyama-Kato free energy for main-chain liquid crystalline polymer (MCLCP) solutions, which is an extension of Maier-Saupe theory for nematic ordering and incorporates a chain-stiffening, combined with Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing. Temporal evolution of the concentration and nematic order parameters pertaining to the above free energy density of liquid crystalline polymer solution was simulated in the context of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory coupled with the solvent evaporation rate equation under the quasi-steady state assumption. The emerged morphological patterns are discussed in relation to the phase diagram of the MCLCP solution and the rate of solvent evaporation. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1002/polb.21055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 133KW UT WOS:000244012800005 ER PT J AU Bouvet, M Luiken, GA Kaushal, S Quigley, MM Talamini, MA Moossa, AR Hoffman, RM AF Bouvet, M. Luiken, G. A. Kaushal, S. Quigley, M. M. Talamini, M. A. Moossa, A. R. Hoffman, R. M. TI Vivo imaging of human pancreatic cancer using a fluorescent antibody to CA 19-9 for intraoperative visualization of tumors SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 15-18, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Fluoro Probe Inc, Coronado, CA USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. AntiCanc Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 SU S BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 134PU UT WOS:000244096200171 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Smith, B Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gray, GC Gackstetter, GD Riddle, JR Wells, TS Gumbs, G Corbeil, TE Hooper, TI AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Amoroso, Paul Boyko, Edward J. Gray, Gregory C. Gackstetter, Gary D. Riddle, James R. Wells, Timothy S. Gumbs, Gia Corbeil, Thomas E. Hooper, Tomoko I. TI Millennium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military personnel; veterans; longitudinal studies; combat disorders; Gulf War Syndrome ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH REGISTRIES; PEACEKEEPING DUTY; MENTAL-DISORDERS; PTSD CHECKLIST; PRIME-MD; US; PERSONNEL AB Objective: In response to health concerns of military members about deployment and other service-related exposures, the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the largest prospective study ever undertaken in the U.S. military. Study Design and Setting: The Millennium Cohort uses a phased enrollment strategy to eventually include more than 100,000 U.S. service members who will be followed up through the year 2022, even after leaving military service. Subjects will be linked to DoD and Veterans Affairs databases and surveyed every 3 years to obtain objective and self-reported data on exposures and health outcomes. Results: The first enrollment phase was completed in July 2003 and resulted in 77,047 consenting participants, well representative of both active-duty and Reserve/Guard forces. This report documents the baseline characteristics of these Cohort members, describes traditional, postal, and Web-based enrollment methods; and describes the unique challenges of enrolling, retaining, and following such a large Cohort. Conclusion: The Millennium Cohort was successfully launched and is becoming especially relevant, given current deployment and exposure concerns. The Cohort is representative of the U.S. military and promises to provide new insight into the long-term effects of military occupations on health for years to come. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr Puget Sound, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 70 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.05.009 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127QL UT WOS:000243601300011 PM 17208125 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Blaney, KM Malanoski, AP Ligler, AG Schnur, JM Metzgar, D Russell, KL Stenger, DA AF Lin, Baochuan Blaney, Kate M. Malanoski, Anthony P. Ligler, Adam G. Schnur, Joel M. Metzgar, David Russell, Kevin L. Stenger, David A. TI Using a resequencing microarray as a multiple respiratory pathogen detection assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; DNA MICROARRAYS; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; TRACT INFECTIONS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB Simultaneous testing for detection of infectious pathogens that cause similar symptoms (e.g., acute respiratory infections) is invaluable for patient treatment, outbreak prevention, and efficient use of antibiotic and antiviral agents. In addition, such testing may provide information regarding possible coinfections or induced secondary infections, such as virally induced bacterial infections. Furthermore, in many cases, detection of a pathogen requires more than genus/species-level resolution, since harmful agents (e.g., avian influenza virus) are grouped with other, relatively benign common agents, and for every pathogen, finer resolution is useful to allow tracking of the location and nature of mutations leading to strain variations. In this study, a previously developed resequencing microarray that has been demonstrated to have these capabilities was further developed to provide individual detection sensitivity ranging from 101 to 103 genomic copies for more than 26 respiratory pathogens while still retaining the ability to detect and differentiate between close genetic neighbors. In addition, the study demonstrated that this system allows unambiguous and reproducible sequence-based strain identification of the mixed pathogens. Successful proof-of-concept experiments using clinical specimens show that this approach is potentially very useful for both diagnostics and epidemic surveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 42 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1128/JCM.01870-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137CI UT WOS:000244270000030 PM 17135438 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Chu, LK Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Chu, Laura K. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Demographic and occupational predictors of early response to a mailed invitation to enroll in a longitudinal health study SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; NONRESPONSE BIAS; RESPONDENTS; POPULATION; REFUSERS; PARTICIPATE; IMPACT; RATES AB Background: Often in survey research, subsets of the population invited to complete the survey do not respond in a timely manner and valuable resources are expended in recontact efforts. Various methods of improving response have been offered, such as reducing questionnaire length, offering incentives, and utilizing reminders; however, these methods can be costly. Utilizing characteristics of early responders (refusal or consent) in enrollment and recontact efforts may be a unique and cost-effective approach for improving the quality of epidemiologic research. Methods: To better understand early responders of any kind, we compared the characteristics of individuals who explicitly refused, consented, or did not respond within 2 months from the start of enrollment into a large cohort study of US military personnel. A multivariate polychotomous logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of each covariate on the odds of early refusal and on the odds of early consent versus late/non-response, while simultaneously adjusting for all other variables in the model. Results: From regression analyses, we found many similarities between early refusers and early consenters. Factors associated with both early refusal and early consent included older age, higher education, White race/ethnicity, Reserve/Guard affiliation, and certain information technology and support occupations. Conclusion: These data suggest that early refusers may differ from late/non-responders, and that certain characteristics are associated with both early refusal and early consent to participate. Structured recruitment efforts that utilize these differences may achieve early response, thereby reducing mail costs and the use of valuable resources in subsequent contact efforts. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; laurakaychu@yahoo.com; smith@nhrc.navy.mil; besa@nhrc.navy.mil; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD JAN 25 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1471-2288-7-6 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 174AN UT WOS:000246913700001 PM 17397558 ER PT S AU Patankar, R Rajagopalan, V Tolani, D Ray, A Begin, M AF Patankar, Ravindra Rajagopalan, Venkatesh Tolani, Devendra Ray, Asok Begin, Michael GP IEEE TI Prognosis of failure precursor in complex electrical systems using symbolic dynamics SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY DE symbolic time series analysis; anomaly detection; health monitoring; electrical system AB Failures in a plant's electrical components are a major source of performance degradation and plant unavailability. In order to detect and monitor failure precursors and anomalies early in electrical systems, we have developed signal processing capabilities that can detect and map patterns in already existing and available signals to an anomaly measure. Toward this end, the language measure theory based on real analysis, finite state automaton, symbolic dynamics and information theory has been deployed. Application of this theory for electronic circuit failure precursor detection resulted in a robust statistical pattern recognition technique. This technique was observed to be superior to conventional pattern recognition techniques such as neural networks and principal component analysis for anomaly detection because it exploits a common physical fact underling most anomalies which conventional techniques do not. Symbolic dynamic technique resulted in a monotonically increasing smooth anomaly plot which was experimentally repeatable to a remarkable accuracy. For the Van der Pol oscillator circuit board experiment, this lead to consistently accurate predictions for the anomaly parameter and its range. C1 [Patankar, Ravindra; Tolani, Devendra] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Rajagopalan, Venkatesh] Penn State Univ, Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Begin, Michael] NavAir, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Patankar, R (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM rpatankar@i-a-i.com; vxr139@psu.edu; dtolani@i-a-i.com; axr2@psu.edu; michael.begin@navy.mil FU NavAir [N68335-05-C-0096]; Army Research Office [DAAD 19-01-1-0646] FX This work is supported in part by the NavAir Contract No. N68335-05-C-0096 and Army Research Office Grant No. DAAD 19-01-1-0646. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 479 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258800081 ER PT B AU Beranek, MW AF Beranek, Mark W. GP IEEE TI Future generation military avionics fiber optics photonics packaging challenges SO 2007 IEEE/AIAA 26TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, AIAA ID DATA LINK; TECHNOLOGY; MODULES; TRANSMITTER; OPERATION; RECEIVER; SYSTEMS; LASERS AB The military/aerospace platform operational environment challenges the creativity of fiber optic module packaging engineers as they endeavor to develop and mature new active and passive single-mode fiber optic and photonic components for next generation avionics networking applications. Low sales and manufacturing volumes inherent to avionics combined with lack of standard interface specifications for current and next generation fiber optic local area network architectures and subsystems makes it difficult for avionics suppliers to justify upfront research and development (R&D) investment in advanced fiber optics and photonics packaging technology. Collaboration between commial industry photonic; component and advanced packaging R&D and military/aerospace photonic component and advanced packaging R&D has proven to be a successful formula for mitigating technical and business risk on military/aerospace programs, and gives best value components for military avionics applications. As the avionics industry migrates from multimode fiber optic point-to-point link based systems to fully-interconnected single-mode wavelength division multiplexed-based local area network (WDM LAN) architectures, it naturally follows that similar collaborations will be needed to realize the technical and business success of the avionics WDM LAN. Currently, the SAE Avionics Systems Division (SAE WDM LAN), the IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference (AVFOP), and the ARINC Fiber Optics Subcommittee are endeavoring to coordinate avionics WDM LAN standardization efforts internationally via formal committee meetings and conference events. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1107-8 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2007 BP 284 EP 293 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BHM72 UT WOS:000254342600027 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John GP IEEE TI NAVIGATING THE DIAGNOSTICS CAREER LABYRINTH SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB Integrated diagnostics is a career field for which there currently exists no standard set of basic qualifications, few educational opportunities to study at the university level, no clear processes within most organizations for practicing integrated diagnostics as a systems engineering activity and often no uniform method of sharing techniques and lessons learned with new employees. Several authors have stated the importance of increased training in test [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Studies have found that the majority of test engineer training is on-the-job, rather than knowledge acquired as part of a higher education degree program or a formal training process [4]. Few authors, however, have focused on the need for a well-defined career path which leads from higher education, or formal training, to a career in diagnostics. This paper is an attempt to describe what such, a career path may look like. First, the need for a formal career path will be established from published literature and interviews conducted with engineers from industry, academia and United States (US) government. This paper will then describe actions that are necessary first steps in creating and maintaining a career path that is required for the sustainment of a knowledgeable and well-trained pool of diagnostic engineers needed to meet future technology challenges. A case study of engineers from the Naval Air Systems Command's (NAVAIR's) Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team in Lakehurst, New Jersey is presented to illustrate the very diverse and dissimilar backgrounds and training of diagnostic engineers within one group in one organization. C1 [Shannon, Russell] Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. [Quiter, John] MTG Serv Inc, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374196 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600003 ER PT S AU Meseroll, RJ Kirkos, CJ Shannon, RA AF Meseroll, Robert J. Kirkos, Christopher J. Shannon, Russell A. GP IEEE TI Data mining navy flight and maintenance data to affect repair SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB A large portion of Naval aircraft maintenance is driven by avionics-related deficiencies. Military avionics systems rely heavily on built-in test (BIT) to troubleshoot discrepancies during unscheduled maintenance. One study found that analyzing BIT codes for trends (both at the aircraft level and at the squadron level) and scheduling maintenance accordingly, increased aircraft operational availability (A(o)) by twenty-two percent within a single squadron [1]. The study focused on F/A-18C aircraft over a forty-four month period. While this is a substantial increase, it takes into account only organizational level (O-level) BIT data. It does not include all available information, such as historical maintenance data, operating environment, and past repair history. The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst is investigating the use of data mining to mitigate ambiguity within Naval avionics maintenance, with the intent of reducing costly and inefficient maintenance practices [2]. This includes building models from both aircraft historical maintenance data and BIT codes recorded to an aircraft's memory unit (MU) during a flight in order to identify trends in the data that would not be obvious or trivial to a maintainer. The IDATS team has utilized a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) data mining software package called ThinkAnalytics in combination with custom software tools to find meaningful trends within the F/A-18 BIT and maintenance datasets. ThinkAnalytics is a real-time enterprise data mining tool that provided the necessary data mining functionality. Trends identified by the software are currently being validated by the user and system Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to ensure that they are accurate, novel and/or non-trivial. Through the use of data mining, in combination with knowledge about how the system operates and communicates with other systems, BIT can be augmented to improve maintenance efficiency at all levels of maintenance. C1 [Meseroll, Robert J.; Kirkos, Christopher J.; Shannon, Russell A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Meseroll, RJ (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM robert.meseroll@navy.mil; christopher.kirkos@navy.mil; russell.shannon@navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2007.4374256 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600063 ER PT B AU Beranek, MW Jenkins, RB Voigt, RJ AF Beranek, Mark W. Jenkins, R. Brian Voigt, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Military avionics fiber optics photonics packaging technology forecast SO 2007 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY OCT 02-05, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE C1 [Beranek, Mark W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Jenkins, R. Brian; Voigt, Robert J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0936-5 PY 2007 BP 68 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2007.4365752 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHF94 UT WOS:000252832700035 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Laux, A AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan GP IEEE TI Phase coherent digital communications for wireless optical links in turbid underwater environments SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Previous studies by the authors have included a theoretical and experimental investigation of the spatial distribution of an optical signal used for communications in underwater scattering environments. Presented here is an experimental study of how scattering affects the temporally encoded information bearing component of the optical signal. Short range underwater optical links employing BPSK, QPSK, 8-PK 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation are implemented in a laboratory setting, yielding data rates up to 5Mb/s. The effect of link quality is examined versus water turbidity. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20634 USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20634 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300058 ER PT J AU Hansen, CJ Russell, KL Smith, TC Neville, JS Krauss, MR Ryan, MAK AF Hansen, Christian J. Russell, Kevin L. Smith, Tyler C. Neville, James S. Krauss, Margot R. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Asthma hospitalizations among US military personnel, 1994 to 2004 SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; THERAPY; TRENDS; IMPACT; ADULTS; CARE AB Background: Acute asthma attacks strike unpredictably and may lead to hospitalization in otherwise healthy individuals. The burden of asthma hospitalization on the US health care system has greatly interested health care workers, many of whom see the incidence of asthma as increasing. Objectives: To examine the annual incidence of hospitalization and the frequency of subsequent hospitalization for asthma among all active-duty US military personnel between 1994 and 2004 and to determine demographic and occupational risk factors of asthma hospitalization within this generally healthy US population. Methods: Annual demographic and occupational data were combined with electronic hospitalization records for patients with a discharge diagnosis of asthma. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors investigated demographic and occupational risk factors for asthma hospitalization. Results: Women, married persons, health care workers, enlisted personnel, US Army personnel, and older persons were found to have a significantly greater risk of asthma hospitalization. Yearly rates of hospitalization declined from 22.3 per 100,000 persons to 12.6 per 100,000 persons between 1994 and 2004. Conclusions: Although these data have some limitations, they suggest that the burden of asthma hospitalizations in the large, healthy population of US military personnel has declined during the last decade. The decrease in hospitalization potentially reflects improved outpatient management strategies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Air Force Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hansen, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Hansen@nhrc.navy.mil NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 124TV UT WOS:000243393700006 PM 17225718 ER PT J AU Gates, T AF Gates, Trina TI Atopic dermatitis: Diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical implications SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE skin; rash; contact dermatitis; hand dermatitis; immunomodulators; tacrolimus; pimecrolimus; topical corticosteroids ID 0.1-PERCENT TACROLIMUS OINTMENT; PIMECROLIMUS; EFFICACY; SAFETY; ECZEMA; BLIND AB Over the past 30 yr, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased significantly in the general population. Given this increased burden of disease, more AD will be seen in civilian and military aviators. This article reviews the clinical aspects of AD with a focus on the aeromedical implications of the disease. The diagnosis of AD is mainly clinical. Treatment options are numerous, although topical corticosteroids are generally the mainstay of treatment. The new immunomodulators are options for treatment of AD and have advantages and disadvantages when compared with topical corticosteroids. These immunomodulators are discussed in detail with an emphasis on their mechanism of action, efficacy, side effect profile, and possible risks. The implications of AD in aviators and safety of flight are reviewed. Interference of the wearing of cockpit equipment, use of systemic or topical medications, and AD'S association with the other diseases of atopy all contribute to whether an aviator is qualified to fly. Environmental triggers, such as temperature changes, sweating, humidity, bathing frequency, contact with irritating substances, and stress may exacerbate the aviator's disease. Special consideration should be given to the severity of their disease, the treatment the aviator requires, and the environment he or she will he working and living in before giving aeromedical clearance. Finally, the policies of each military service and experiences in civil aviation are discussed. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Gates, T (reprint author), 212 Pine St, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. EM trina.gates@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 125PC UT WOS:000243453200006 PM 17225479 ER PT J AU Gates, T Duffy, K Moore, J Howell, W McDonald, W AF Gates, Trina Duffy, Kristina Moore, Jeffrey Howell, William McDonald, William TI Alcohol screening instruments and psychiatric evaluation outcomes in military aviation personnel SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol abuse; alcohol dependence; alcohol screening ID MEDICAL PATIENTS; TESTS; SCALE; SAAST AB Introduction: Alcohol-related disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in the aviation population. Efforts to effectively screen aviators for these disorders are continually sought, as under-diagnosis may negatively impact aviation safety. This study evaluates screening tools that have been validated in non-aviators in terms of their utility for aviator patients. Methods: There were 111 male aviation patients (27 +/- 7 yr) referred for psychiatric evaluation at the Naval Aerospace Medicine Institute who completed the Self-Administered Alcohol Screening Test (SAAST), the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Common Alcohol Logistical Scale-Revised (CAL-R) prior to evaluation by a staff psychiatrist or psychologist. Results: There were 40 patients who were qualified psychiatrically with no diagnosis and 49 patients who were disqualified for psychiatric reasons due to a non alcohol-related diagnosis. The remaining 22 patients were disqualified for psychiatric reasons with an alcohol-related diagnosis. The optimal aviator cut-off scores were consistent with those of the general population, although the cut-off score used for the SAAST was set at the published sub-threshold level to provide greater sensitivity. The sensitivity/specificity values for the SAAST, AUDIT, and CAL-R were 59%/94%, 46%/96%, and 68%/81%, respectively. Conclusion: The psychometrically sophisticated CAL-R is sensitive, specific, and has good negative predictive value, although its use requires a psychologist and its availability is limited. The SAAST and AUDIT can be administered by a flight surgeon or aviation medical examiner (AME). Given the higher sensitivity of the SAAST it may be the most beneficial if administered first. The AUDIT can be used as a follow-up diagnostic test given its higher specificity. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Moore, J (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Naval Air Stn, 340 Hutlse, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM jlmoore@nomi.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 125PC UT WOS:000243453200009 PM 17225482 ER PT J AU Cai, D Yu, Y Lan, YC Dufort, FJ Xiong, GY Paudel, T Ren, ZF Wagner, DJ Chiles, TC AF Cai, Dong Yu, Ying Lan, Yucheng Dufort, Fay J. Xiong, Guangyong Paudel, Trilochan Ren, Zhifeng Wagner, Dean J. Chiles, Thomas C. TI Glucose sensors made of novel carbon nanotube-gold nanoparticle composites SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering CY DEC 10-12, 2007 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE carbon nanotube; sensor; nanoparticle; glucose oxidase ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OXIDASE; ADSORPTION; BIOSENSORS; OXIDATION AB Carbon nanotube and metal particle composites have been exploited to fabricate high performance electrochemical devices. However, the physical and chemical procedures to synthesize the composites are labor intensive and inefficient. Our study reveals an one-step wet chemistry method to accomplish fast and controllable production of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and carbon naotube (CNT) composites. Such a process is sensitive to the surface charge. Especially, when functionalized with carboxyl groups, the CNTs carried negative charges and showed low level association with negatively charged AuNPs. Thermal treatment was employed to decompose the carboxyl groups and render each CNT a charge-free surface thereby achieving a high level AuNP-CNT association. The fabricated glucose sensors demonstrated dependence of their sensitivities to the amount of AuNPs on the CNTs. The enhancement of sensitivity can be attributed to an accelerated electron transfer rate from glucose oxidase Gox to the electrode. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics also indicated improved performance in the glucose sensor made of AuNP-CNTs. Therefore, our research revealed a novel approach to produce metallic nanoparticle and CNT composite for fabricating high performance electrochemical sensors. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Cai, D (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 410 Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM caid@bc.edu RI Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 OI Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168; NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 328RJ UT WOS:000257815200009 PM 18607077 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE Miyoshi, DK AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Larson, Gerald E. Miyoshi, Dina K. TI Social desirability effects on computerized and paper-and-pencil questionnaires SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT; ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES; DRUG-USE; INTERVIEW; RESPONSES; ALCOHOL; EQUIVALENCE; INFORMATION; RELIABILITY; DISCLOSURE AB The objectives of the present study were to determine the impact of computer administration of questionnaires on impression management (IM) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and on the disclosure of sensitive information such as alcohol use and risky sex. College students (N = 301) completed several questionnaires in either a computer-administered or paper-and-pencil condition. Respondents who completed the survey on the computer scored significantly higher on SDE than those completing the survey on paper. No differences were found for IM. Respondents in the computer condition also reported a higher level of alcohol consumption and riskier sexual behaviors than those in the paper-and-pencil condition. It is possible that computer administration of surveys creates a social situation that produces a sense of disinhibition in respondents, and this sense of disinhibition may lead to greater reports of risky behaviors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego Mesa Coll, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kewley@nhre.navy.mil NR 41 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 EI 1873-7692 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.020 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 095OT UT WOS:000241318000027 ER PT J AU Aiello, L Agarwala, V AF Aiello, Lorenzo Agarwala, Vinod TI Galvanic sensor for monitoring structural damage SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Conference on Corrosion in the Military CY JUN 06-08, 2005 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID CONVERSION COATINGS; CHROMATE AB In recent years there has been an increased research activity on aircraft health monitoring tools. Numerous studies have been carried out as a response to the demand for a better damage detection in inaccessible areas. In most of these studies, the hidden corrosion events are significantly related to the nature and magnitude of corrosive environment present in the localized hidden areas. Because of the difficulty in accessing hidden zones and the limitations of NDE currently used, primarily corrosion damages go undetected in the hidden areas during routine maintenance inspection. For old aircraft, the accumulation with time of even weak/least corrosive environments can produce serious structural damage, as demonstrated by enormous weight loss of material in some parts. In many critical aircraft parts the undetected corroded surfaces may lead to structural concerns acting as promoters and/or initiation sites of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue phenomena. In an earlier effort, galvanic probes were designed and employed to measure galvanic current using electrochemical technique to monitor the corrosivity of an environment on a continuing basis in inaccessible areas. Among them, the ICS (Intelligent Corrosivity Sensor) has been the most successful application: this probe is a galvanic device that uses the condensed moisture and the environment's pollutants as an electrolyte, generating a cell current that relates to the corrosivity of the condensed film. In the present work, a preliminary study has been done on modified ICS, to develop a probe for specifically measuring the corrosion structural part as in lap joints; i.e., probes were installed on the internal side of sandwich specimens made of Al 7075-T6 alloy. Preliminary results show that the sensor output from such tests can be used in the evaluation of hidden surface corrosion and serve as a meaningful tool to provide quite an accurate warning for subsequent inspection. C1 Italian Air Force, Flight Test Ctr, Dept Chem, AFB Practica Mare, I-00040 Pomezia, Italy. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Aiello, L (reprint author), Italian Air Force, Flight Test Ctr, Dept Chem, AFB Practica Mare, I-00040 Pomezia, Italy. EM lorenzoaiello@tiscali.it NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 147RE UT WOS:000245019300005 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Wilfong, ER Jung, AE Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, Darryl P. Johnson, Eric W. Wilfong, Erin R. Jung, Anne E. Bobb, Andrew J. TI Distribution of radio-labeled N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Sprague-Dawley rats and its effect on glutathione metabolism following single and repeat dosing by oral gavage SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distribution; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; glutathione-stransferase; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; oral gavage; oxidative stress; rats; toxicity ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; ACETYLCYSTEINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROTECTION; TOXICITY; MUSTARD; INJURY; CELLS; LUNG AB The distribution of radio-labeled N-A cetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and its impact on glutathione (GSH) metabolism was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats following single and multiple dosing with NAC by oral garage. Radioactivity associated with administration of C-14- NAC distributed to most tissues examined within I hour of administration with peak radioactivity levels occurring within I hour to 4 hours and for a majority of the tissues examined, radioactivity remained elevated for up to 12 hours or more. Administration of a second dose of 1,200 mg/kg NA C + C-14-NAC 4 hours after the first increased liver, kidney, skin, thymus, spleen, eye, and serum radioactivity significantly beyond levels achieved following I dose. Administration of a third dose of 1,200 mg/kg NAC + C-14-NAC 4 hours after the second dose did not significantly increase tissue radioactivity further except in the skin. GSH concentrations were increased 20% in the skin and 50% in the liver after one dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC whereas lung and kidney GSH were unaffected. Administration of a second and third dose of 1,200 mg/kg NAC at 4 hours and 8 hours after the first did not increase tissue GSH concentrations above background with the exception that skin GSH levels were elevated to levels similar to those obtained after a single dose of NAC. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was increased 150% in the kidney and 10% in the liver, decreased 60% in the skin, and had no effect on lung GST activity following a single dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC. Administration of a second dose of 1,200mg/kg NAC 4 hours after the first decreased skin GST activity a further 20% whereas kidney GST activity remained elevated at levels similar to those obtained after I dose of NA C. Administration of a third dose of NA C 4 hours after the second dose increased liver GST activity significantly as compared to background but did not affect skin, kidney, or lung GST activity. Transient decreases in glutathione reductase (GR) activity were measured in the skin and kidney in association with repeat administration of 1, 200 mg/kg NAC Glutathione peroxidase (GxP) activity was increased in the skin, kidney, and liver suggesting that oxidative stress was occurring in these tissues in response to repeat dosing with NAC. Overall, the results of this study present the possibility that NAC could provide some benefit in preventing or reducing toxicity related to exposure to chemical irritants (particularly sulfur mustard) in some tissues by increasing tissue NAC and/or cysteine levels, GSH concentrations, and GST activity. However, follow-on studies in animals are needed to confirm that oral administration of single and multiple doses of NAC can significantly reduce skin, eye, and lung toxicity associated with sulfur mustard exposure. The finding that GxP activity is elevated, albeit transiently, following repeat administration of NAC suggests that repeat administration of NAC may induce oxidative stress in some tissues and further studies are needed to confirm this finding. C1 USN, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, POB 113,bldg H-2033,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1080/15569520701212233 PG 22 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 185QZ UT WOS:000247726800004 PM 17612979 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Lee, CA Kunze, KL AF Zhao, Ping Lee, Caroline Amy Kunze, Kent L. TI SEQUENTIAL METABOLISM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DILTIAZEM INDUCED TIME-DEPENDENT LOSS OF CYP3A SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-for-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY OCT 09-12, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 [Zhao, Ping] Sonus Pharmaceut, Bothell, WA USA. [Lee, Caroline Amy] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA USA. [Kunze, Kent L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2007 VL 39 SU 1 MA 187 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 670RD UT WOS:000283444100182 ER PT J AU Oppenheim, T Tewfic, S Scheck, T Klee, V Lomeli, S Dahir, W Youngren, P Aizpuru, N Clark, R Lee, EW Ogren, J Es-Said, OS AF Oppenheim, T. Tewfic, S. Scheck, T. Klee, V. Lomeli, S. Dahir, W. Youngren, P. Aizpuru, N. Clark, R., Jr. Lee, E. W. Ogren, J. Es-Said, O. S. TI On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 6061-T6 and 7249-T76 aluminum alloys SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE faulty heat treatments; correlation of strength and hardness; Al 6061-T6; Al 7249T-76 AB Al 6061-T6 was exposed to 75 heat treatments and Al 7249-76 was exposed to 90 heat treatments. The solution treatments, cooling rates and age hardening treatments were varied to simulate pitfalls that heat treaters may encounter. The physical and mechanical properties of thermally treated alloys were correlated and discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 LMU Dr,7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.10.013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 089VQ UT WOS:000240910000020 ER PT B AU Furey, D Atsavapranee, P Cipolla, K AF Furey, D. Atsavapranee, P. Cipolla, K. GP ASME TI Data analysis methods for stereo PIV of a high aspect ratio flexible cylinder SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT AMSE/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; THICK; VELOCITY AB Stereo Particle Image velocimetry data was collected over high aspect ratio flexible cylinders (L / a = 1.5 to 3 x 10(5)) to evaluate the axial development of the turbulent boundary layer where the boundary layer thickness becomes significantly larger than the cylinder diameter (delta / a >> 1). The flexible cylinders are approximately neutrally buoyant and have an initial length of 152 m and radii of 0.45 mm and 1.25 mm. The cylinders were towed at speeds ranging from 3.8 to 15.4 m/sec in the David Taylor Model Basin. The analysis of the SPIV data required a several step procedure to evaluate the cylinder boundary flow. First, the characterization of the flow field from the towing strut is required. This evaluation provides the residual mean velocities and turbulence levels caused by the towing hardware at each speed and axial location. These values, called tare values, are necessary for comparing to the cylinder flow results. Second, the cylinder flow fields are averaged together and the averaged tare fields are subtracted out to remove strut-induced ambient flow effects. Prior to averaging, the cylinder flow fields are shifted to collocate the cylinder within the field. Since the boundary layer develops slowly, all planes of data occurring within each 10 meter increment of the cylinder length are averaged together to produce the mean boundary layer flow. Corresponding fields from multiple runs executed using the same experimental parameters are also averaged. This flow is analyzed to evaluate the level of axisymmetry in the data and determine if small changes in cylinder angle affect the mean flow development. With axisymmetry verified, the boundary flow is further averaged azimuthally around the cylinder to produce mean boundary layer profiles. Finally, the fluctuating velocity levels are evaluated for the flow with the cylinder and compared to the fluctuating velocity levels in the tare data. This paper will first discuss the data analysis techniques for the tare data and the averaging methods implemented. Second, the data analysis considerations will be presented for the cylinder data and the averaging and cylinder tracking techniques. These results are used to extract relevant boundary layer parameters including delta, delta* and theta. Combining these results with wall shear and momentum thickness values extracted from averaged cylinder drag data, the boundary layer can be well characterized. C1 [Furey, D.; Atsavapranee, P.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Furey, D (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4288-1 PY 2007 BP 1077 EP 1086 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHD49 UT WOS:000252340100125 ER PT S AU Orden, KF Viirre, E Kobus, DA AF Van Orden, Karl F. Viirre, Erik Kobus, David A. BE Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM TI Augmenting task-centered design with operator state assessment technologies SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA ID DROWSINESS; AWARENESS; EEG AB Task-Centered Design (TCD) of human-system interfaces focuses on supporting the user throughout all phases of tasks, from initiation to completion. TCD typically requires software that monitors aspects of system information to trigger tasks, develop user-friendly information sets, propose task solutions and actions, and confirm actions as directed and approved by the operator. The operator monitors tasks awaiting completion on a Task Manager display. We demonstrate that moment-to-moment operator workload monitoring is greatly facilitated by TCD. Workload estimates were obtained every 2-min over the course of a 35-min test session during an air defense command and control scenario. Workload was readily modeled by the task loading, and the density of track icons on the display. A second study related the unitary workload estimates to NASA TLX workload subscales. Unpublished data from our laboratory indicated that eye activity measures (e.g., blink frequency and duration, pupil diameter, fixation frequency and dwell time) did not improve the estimation of workload. These findings indicate that at least for well-executed TCD systems, eye tracking technologies may be best employed to monitor for fatigue and incongruities between the focus of attention and task requirements. Recent findings using EEG hold promise for the identification of specific brain signatures of confusion, orientation, and loss of situational awareness. Thus the critical element of human directed systems is good initial design. Understanding of the task will lead to system automation that can balance the workload of the operator, who is functioning in a normal state. However, physiological monitoring will be most useful if operators veer beyond their normal conditions and are confused, overloaded, disoriented or have other impairments to their abilities. By detecting the operator's loss of function early, inappropriate operator inputs can potentially be avoided. C1 [Van Orden, Karl F.; Viirre, Erik] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Kobus, David A.] Pacif Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Orden, KF (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73215-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4565 BP 212 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGK68 UT WOS:000248044600024 ER PT S AU Chapman, RD AF Chapman, Robert D. BE Klapotke, TM TI Organic difluorarnine derivatives SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MATERIALS SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE difluoramine; difluoroamine; difluoramination; HNFX; nitramines ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DIRECT FLUORINATION; (DIFLUOROAMINO)NITRO COMPOUNDS; ELECTROPHILIC FLUORINATION; DIFLUOROAMINE ALKYLATION; IONIZATION ENERGIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SOLID-PROPELLANTS AB This article reviews recent developments in synthesis and characterizations of organic difluoramine (NF(2)) derivatives since the 1980s. Specific classes of chemical compounds are covered: cyclic difluoramino-nitramines, especially gem-bis(difluoramino)-substituted analogs of conventional nitramines; products from the relatively new transformation of electrophilic difluoramination; other classes of difluoramines such as polymers, plasticizers, and compounds not otherwise categorized. Also covered are aspects of other recently developed synthetic methodology to prepare compounds in this general class, as well as purely theoretical treatments of the chemistry and properties of this class. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 152 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-540-72201-4 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2007 VL 125 BP 123 EP 151 DI 10.1007/430_2007_058 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BGS98 UT WOS:000250381700004 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Milner, Joel S. TI Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Navy personnel: Prevalence rates among recruits in basic training SO JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Posttraumatic stress; military; recruits ID DISORDER; TRAUMA; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; MILITARY; SAMPLE; VICTIMIZATION; METAANALYSIS; PREMILITARY; ATTRITION AB Individuals in the military are often required to endure high levels of stress as a result of demanding operational requirements or deployments. Individuals who enter the military with pre-existing mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are likely to be at heightened risk of adverse reactions to military stressors. The present study documents the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among new Navy recruits and compares the prevalence of PTSD symptomology among recruits to prevalence rates that have been reported for comparable civilian populations. Results suggest that 15 percent of new Navy recruits are experiencing measurable symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Prevalence of these symptoms among Navy recruits is comparable to that among civilian adolescent and young adult populations. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stander@nhrc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6185 J9 J ANXIETY DISORD JI J. Anxiety Disord. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 860 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 202GP UT WOS:000248890300007 PM 17292582 ER PT J AU Narducci, FA Welch, GR AF Narducci, Frank A. Welch, George R. TI 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics, 2-6 January 2007 - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2315 EP 2316 DI 10.1080/09500340701733293 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300001 ER PT J AU Abi-Salloum, T Davis, JP Lehman, C Elliott, E Narducci, FA AF Abi-Salloum, T. Davis, J. P. Lehman, C. Elliott, E. Narducci, F. A. TI Phase dynamics and interference in EIT SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2007 CL Snowbird, UT ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; POPULATION-INVERSION; GROUP-VELOCITY; BUFFER GAS; VAPOR; MEDIA; LIGHT AB In this paper, we investigate various aspects of electro-magnetically induced transparency (EIT) that are associated with quantum interference. In the first half of this paper, we investigate two cascade schemes and demonstrate two possible absorption pathways in one, which leads to interference, and only one pathway in the other scheme, which does not exhibit EIT. In the second part of this paper, we demonstrate how EIT can be changed into enhanced absorption by changing the phase of either the coupling or probe fields. C1 Widener Univ, Chester, PA 19013 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Widener Univ, 1 Univ Pl, Chester, PA 19013 USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 16-17 BP 2459 EP 2471 DI 10.1080/09500340701742617 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237GD UT WOS:000251361300016 ER PT J AU Witker, DL Clancy, SO Irvin, DJ Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA AF Witker, David L. Clancy, Sean O. Irvin, David J. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI Electrochemical deposition of a new n-doping polymer based on bis(thienyl)isopyrazole SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; ELECTRON; BBL AB A novel donor-acceptor polymer based on thiophene and isopyrazole has been prepared for use in n-doping applications. Nonpolymerizable monomer radical cations appear to be the predominant oxidation product, resulting in a need for extended cycling to produce adequate quantities of polymer for characterization. The electrochemical behavior of the polymer films produced is strongly dependent upon the conditions applied during electrodeposition and on the solvent used during cycling of the films. Cycling to reductive potentials during oxidative polymerization in acetonitrile was necessary to produce a polymer film capable of n-doping, likely resulting from a need to establish pathways for cation migration. The neutral polymer undergoes oxidation to the p-doped form at ca. 2000 mV vs Ag/Ag+ in propylene carbonate and reduces back to neutral at ca. 0 mV. Conversion of the neutral polymer to its n-doped form involves reductions at -700 and -1300 mV, with reoxidation at -800 and -200 mV to return to the neutral form of the polymer. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Div Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Witker, DL (reprint author), Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI USA. EM jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 4 BP G95 EP G98 DI 10.1149/1.2436991 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 144JL UT WOS:000244792200055 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Wilfong, ER Bekkedal, MYV Johnson, EW McInturf, SM Eggers, JS Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR AF Arfsten, D. P. Wilfong, E. R. Bekkedal, M. Y. -V. Johnson, E. W. McInturf, S. M. Eggers, J. S. Schaeffer, D. J. Still, K. R. TI Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium (DU) on adult rat behavior and toxicological endpoints SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID OXIDATION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SHORT-TERM; MICE; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; REPRODUCTION; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE AB In 2002, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment began a study to determine the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (DU) pellets on adult rat (e. g., P1 generation) health and reproduction. In this report, the effect of implanted DU on adult rat behavior and health is described. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 8 wk of age, were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 20 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm); 20 DU pellets of size 1 x 2 mm approximates to 0.22 kg (0.5 lb) of DU in a 70 kg (154 lb) person. Control animals were implanted with 12 or 20 tantallum (Ta) pellets. The animals were then housed for up to 150 d postimplantation or 20% of an assumed 2-yr life span for rats. The concentration of uranium in urine directly correlated with the number of implanted DU pellets, indicating that DU was migrating into the body from the implanted pellets. Three male and 4 female animals died during the 150-d period of causes apparently not related to DU implantation. Behavioral testing found no definitive evidence of neurobehavioral perturbations associated with DU implantation. Uranium translocated to tissues known to sequester uranium (bone, teeth, and kidneys), but uranium concentrations varied considerably within each dose group and did not follow a dose-response pattern as anticipated. Serum chemistry values were within normal ranges for the SD rat. However, alanine aminotransferse measurements were significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Phosphate measurements were significantly lower for female rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to both sham surgery controls and animals implanted with Ta pellets only. Monocyte ratios were higher in adult rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Mean platelet volume was found to be significantly lower for rats implanted with 20 DU pellets as compared to sham surgery controls but not when compared to animals implanted with 20 Ta pellets. Gross necropsy found no obvious tissue abnormalities in implanted rats, and the weights of major tissues did not differ between Ta- and DU-implanted animals. Histopathologic analysis of major tissues from animals implanted with 0 pellets, 20 Ta pellets, or 20 DU pellets found no differences between treatment groups. The findings of this study indicate that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets in adult rats did not have a significant negative impact on their general health and neurobehavioral capacities when assessed after 150 d of pellet implantation. However, the growing body of data on the potential health effects associated with DU exposure warrants further studies involving higher embedded DU body burdens in conjunction with longer surveillance periods postimplantation. C1 Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. State Wisconsin, Bureau Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Covance Labs Inc, Madison, WI USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Navy Drug Screeing Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 64 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2007 VL 70 IS 23 BP 1995 EP 2010 DI 10.1080/15287390701550987 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236IU UT WOS:000251297400005 PM 17966071 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Fallis, S Yandek, GR Petteys, BJ Cash, JJ Zang, DY Gaeta, C Zounes, M AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Yandek, Gregory R. Petteys, Brian J. Cash, Jessica J. Zang, De-Yu Gaeta, Celestino Zounes, Maryann BE Nunzi, JM TI Multi-functional polyimides for tailorable high-performance electro-optical devices - art. no. 66530N SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polyimide; thermoset; cross-linking; polymer waveguide; polymer processing ID POLYMERS AB Progress in the development of a new class of multi-functional polyimides for use in electro-optical devices is reported. These polyimides contain hydroxymethyl-functional side-groups attached to the polymer backbone, allowing for the attachment of a wide variety of molecular species. It is shown that multiple types of organic molecules may be attached to the polymer simultaneously, with a quantitatively controllable distribution, to tailor the physical properties of the material. Methods for cross-linking the polyimides are presented, based on both modification to the backbone and the addition of difunctional additives (such as isocyanates) to solutions of the polymer during spin casting. Processing studies using spectroscopy to track the cross-linking reaction and its effects on organic nonlinear optical materials indicate that the latter method is compatible with poling processes for polymer guest/host systems with high nonlinear optical activities. Further studies using a: novel thermomechanical analysis method demonstrate that the cross-linking reactions increase the glass transition temperature and inhibit physical relaxation processes in the cross-linked guest/host films. C1 USN, Weapons Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Weapons Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4L4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6801-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6653 BP N6530 EP N6530 DI 10.1117/12.734973 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGX29 UT WOS:000251082000012 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Wright, ME Fallis, S Ashley, PR Sanghadasa, M AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Ashley, Paul R. Sanghadasa, Mohan BE Nunzi, JM TI Modeling and prediction of relaxation of polar order in high-activity nonlinear optical polymers - art. no. 66530O SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VII CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optical polymers; physical relaxation; stretched exponential; Jonscher model ID ELECTROOPTIC POLYMER; CHROMOPHORE; MODULATORS; GHZ AB Mach-Zehnder optical modulators were fabricated using the CLD and FTC chromophores in polymer-on-silicon optical wave,guides. Up to 17 months of oven-ageing stability are reported for the poled polymer films. Modulators containing an FTC-polyimide had the best over all aging performance. To model and extrapolate the ageing data, a relaxation correlation function attributed to A. K. Jonscher was compared to the well-established stretched exponential correlation function. Both models gave a good fit to the data. The Jonscher model predicted a slower relaxation rate in the out years. Analysis showed that collecting data for a longer period relative to the relaxation time was more important for generating useful predictions than the precision with which individual model parameters could be estimated. Thus from a practical standpoint, time-temperature superposition must be assumed in order to generate meaningful predictions. For this purpose, Arrhenius-type expressions were found to relate the model time constants to the ageing temperatures. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4L4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6801-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6653 BP O6530 EP O6530 DI 10.1117/12.734436 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGX29 UT WOS:000251082000013 ER PT J AU Walker, GJ Zouris, J Galarneau, MF Dye, J AF Walker, G. Jay Zouris, James Galarneau, Michael F. Dye, Judy TI Descriptive summary of patients seen at the surgical companies during operation Iraqi Freedom-1 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is a data repository summarizing information from data sets describing injuries sustained and treatments administered to casualties from the point of injury to rehabilitation. Among the medical facilities contributing data to the Combat Trauma Registry during Operation Iraqi Freedom were the Marine Corps forward surgical companies. The surgical companies offer resuscitative surgery, medical treatment, and temporary holding facilities, in addition to preparing patients for evacuation. This article reviews the types of patients admitted and treatments provided at the surgical companies during the major combat period of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The surgical companies saw an average of 15 to 17 patients per day during this period. Less than 20% of the U.S. casualties seen were wounded in action. In contrast, >75% of the enemy prisoner of war presentations were for battle injuries. Less than 15% of the patients were held at the facilities for >24 hours. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Walker, GJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000001 PM 17274256 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Villasenor, A Macera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Villasenor, Adriana Macera, Caroline A. TI Negative first-term outcomes associated with lower extremity injury during recruit training among female Marine Corps graduates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 01-04, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Coll Sports Med ID STRESS-FRACTURES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREDICTORS; MILITARY; NAVY AB This study assessed the impact of lower extremity injuries and stress fractures during recruit training on first-term outcomes among female Marine Corps graduates. Injury data were collected from women recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina (1995-1999) and negative first-term outcomes were obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System. The three negative outcomes included (1) failure to complete first-term of service, (2) failure to achieve rank of corporal, and (3) failure to reenlist. Overall, 22% did not complete their first-term enlistment and 12% of those who did were not promoted to corporal. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, not completing first term and not being promoted to corporal were both associated with injuries or stress fracture during training. Reenlistment was not associated with training injuries. Our findings indicate lower extremity injuries among women undergoing Marine Corps recruit training are associated with poor first-term outcomes even among those who graduate. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 125XE UT WOS:000243476000018 PM 17274273 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Booth-Kewley, S Ryan, MAK AF Larson, Gerald E. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Tobacco smoking as an index of military personnel quality SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; STRESS; MEN AB Previous studies indicate that smokers attrite from military service at significantly higher rates than nonsmokers. The purpose of the current effort is twofold: (a) to examine the implications of treating smoking status as a third military accession quality indicator along with educational credential and mental ability, and (b) to explore preservice psychosocial and health differences between smokers and nonsmokers in support of hypothesis development about reasons for elevated attrition rates in smokers. The results indicate that individuals who smoke tobacco prior to entering military service are almost twice as likely to attrite as nonsmokers, even after statistically controlling for education and mental ability. Moreover, smokers report higher rates of psychosocial and health problems prior to military service. These results support using smoking status as a personnel quality indicator for recruiting and assignment purposes and indicate that smokers, as a group, enter the military with identifiable psychosocial and physical vulnerabilities. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM jerry.larson@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 273 EP 287 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 230RN UT WOS:000250893700003 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, DR Hixon, R Liou, WW Sanford, M AF Gonzalez, David R. Hixon, Ray Liou, William W. Sanford, Matthew BE Schum, K Trevisani, DA TI Acoustic response modeling of energetics systems in confined spaces SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE computational aeroacoustics; jet noise; energetics systems ID COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS; NOISE AB In recent times, warfighting has been taking place not in far-removed areas but within urban environments. As a consequence, the modern warfighter must adapt. Currently, an effort is underway to develop shoulder-mounted rocket launcher rounds suitable with reduced acoustic signatures for use in such environments. Of prime importance is to ensure that these acoustic levels, generated by propellant burning, reflections from enclosures, etc., are at tolerable levels without requiring excessive hearing protection. Presented below is a proof-of-concept approach aimed at developing a computational tool to aid in the design process. Unsteady, perfectly-expanded-jet simulations at two different Mach numbers and one at an elevated temperature ratio were conducted using an existing computational aeroacoustics code. From the solutions, sound pressure levels and frequency spectra were then obtained. The results were compared to sound pressure levels collected from a live-fire test of the weapon. Lastly, an outline of work that is to continue and be completed in the near future will be presented. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gonzalez, DR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6686-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6564 BP U180 EP U191 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BGR59 UT WOS:000250108400019 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, DR Stapf, SP Gebhard, TJ AF Gonzalez, David R. Stapf, Sean P. Gebhard, Thomas J. BE Schum, K Trevisani, DA TI Modeling of Space Shuttle SRB aft ends for inherent aerodynamic bias determination SO Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations II CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters; computational fluid dynamics; 6DOF modeling AB The Air Force's 45(th) Space Wing is in charge of operating the Range Safety System (RSS) for all launches that take place on the Eastern Range. If initiated, the RSS currently implemented on the Space Transportation System after launch would provide for the partial destruction of the solid rocket boosters (SRBs) to terminate thrust. The majority of the risk from the large explosive debris created comes from the aft ends of the SRBs, which fall largely intact along with the remaining propellant. Historically, no impact data on such a scenario has been available and in support of the Space Shuttle Return-to-Flight schedule, aerodynamic and trajectory analyses were performed to characterize any pitch angle biases associated with the aft end's descent after initiating the linear shaped charges (LSCs) on the SRBs. Results show the aft end has a bias towards impacting at +/- 5, 70, or 175 degrees and takes an average of 10 seconds to stabilize into any one of these orientations after being separated from the SRB forward body. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Prop Branch, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gonzalez, DR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Prop Branch, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6686-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6564 BP U192 EP U203 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BGR59 UT WOS:000250108400020 ER PT S AU D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Adair, ER AF D'Andrea, John A. Ziriax, John M. Adair, Eleanor R. BE Sharma, HS TI Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: mild hyperthermia and safety standards SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF HYPERTHERMIA SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review DE behavioral; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields; mild hyperthermia; radio frequency; safety standards; thermoregulatory ID MICROWAVE-RADIATION ABSORPTION; EVOKED WARMTH SENSATIONS; AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; RF EXPOSURE; THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; OPERANT-BEHAVIOR AB This chapter is a short review of literature that serves as the basis for current safe exposure recommendations by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, 1998) and the IEEE C95.1 (IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, 2005) for exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF). Covered here are topics on dosimetry, thermoregulatory responses, behavioral responses, and how these have been used to derive safe exposure limits for humans to RF-EMF. Energy in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, 3 kHz-300 GHz, can be uniquely absorbed and is different from ionizing radiation both in dosimetry and effects. The deposition of thermalizing energy deep in the body by exposure to RF-EMF fields provides a unique exception to the energy flows normally encountered by humans. Behavioral effects of RF-EMF exposure range from detection to complete cessation of trained behaviors. RF-EMF is detectable and can in most cases, presumably by thermal mechanisms, support aversion and disruption or complete cessation (work stoppage) of behavior. Safety standards are based on behavioral responses by laboratory animals to RF-EMF, enhanced by careful studies of human thermoregulatory responses at four specific RF frequencies, thereby providing a conservative level of protection from RF-EMF for humans. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. RP D'Andrea, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, 8315 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.dandrea@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 114 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0079-6123 BN 978-0-444-51926-9 J9 PROG BRAIN RES JI Prog. Brain Res. PY 2007 VL 162 BP 107 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62007-4 PG 29 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BGY46 UT WOS:000251354900007 PM 17645917 ER PT B AU Parker, G Graziano, M Leban, F Green, J Bird, JD AF Parker, Gordon Graziano, Michael Leban, Frank Green, Jeffrey Bird, J. Dexter, III GP IEEE TI Reducing crane payload swing using a rider mock tagline control system SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND ID CARGO PENDULATION REDUCTION; SHIP-MOUNTED CRANES AB This paper considers payload swing control of large, marine cranes using an active rider block tagline system (ARBTS). The contribution is the control system development and simulation comparison of the ARBTS approach to standard luff cranes without ARBTS. It is shown that the ARBTS control system off-loads boom actuation (luff) for ship motion cancellation. Thus, the boom can be used for its intended purpose of moving the load radially per the operator's command. For the simulation case considered, the maximum luff power decreases from 150 kW to 4 kW and the luff rope speed decreases from 0.9 m/s to 0.02 m/s. Application of this approach to existing offshore crane designs could increase their operational envelope, without increased power requirements or necessitating costly mechanical changes, permitting operations in rough sea conditions. C1 [Parker, Gordon; Graziano, Michael] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Leban, Frank; Green, Jeffrey] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD USA. [Bird, J. Dexter, III] Craft Engn, Hampton, VA USA. RP Parker, G (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, Code 331; Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc. FX The authors would like to acknowledge The Office of Naval Research, Code 331, and Rolls-Royce Naval Marine, Inc., who supported the work described in this paper. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1118 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200210 ER PT J AU Beer, J Voelker, JJ AF Beer, J. Voelker, J. J. TI Using a theoretical straylight model to predict glare disability in real-world perception SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beer, J.] AR&E inc, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Laser Dept, Brooks AFB, TX USA. [Voelker, J. J.] Boeing SVS Inc, Freeport, TX USA. EM jeremy.beer@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2007 VL 36 SU S BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 226NA UT WOS:000250594600764 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Beal, EJ AF Mushrush, G. W. Wynne, J. H. Lloyd, C. T. Willauer, H. D. Beal, E. J. TI Soybean biodiesel: Instability reactions SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine diesel fuel; methyl esters; soybean oil; vegetable oils ID FUELS AB It has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements for middle distillate ground transportation and marine fuels. It is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives of incorporating these renewable energy sources in such systems. In proposing such a replacement, considerations must be given to the many problems that could arise including fuel storage stability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability, and seawater stability. Contrary to air environments, water environments have a pH factor that has to be considered. United States Navy shipboard fuel tanks compensate for diminishing fuel by the addition of seawater to the fuel tank. It was found that this would lead to fuel instability problems such as filter stoppage and other serious engine damage. Studies were performed to determine what in the soybean-derived biodiesels led to the observed fuel degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Mat Chem Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6180,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1163 EP 1171 DI 10.1080/10916460500423510 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 227RZ UT WOS:000250676800006 ER PT S AU Beranek, MW AF Beranek, Mark W. BE Earman, AM Chen, RT TI Fiber optic interconnect and optoelectronic packaging challenges for future generation avionics SO PHOTONICS PACKAGING, INTEGRATION, AND INTERCONNECTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics Packaging, Integration, and Interconnects VII CY JAN 23-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE avionics; built-in test (BIT); fiber optics; interconnects; local area network; optoelectronics; packaging; photonics; wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ID FLY-BY-LIGHT; PHOTONICS SPACE EXPERIMENT; CONTROL-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; WAVE-GUIDE SPECTROGRAPH; HARDWARE FLASH PROGRAM; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; WDM SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; INTEGRATION AB Forecasting avionics industry fiber optic interconnect and optoelectronic packaging challenges that lie ahead first requires an assumption that military avionics architectures will evolve from today's centralized/unified concept based on gigabit laser. optical-to-electrical-to-optical switching and optical backplane technology, to a future federated/distributed or centralized/unified concept based on gigabit tunable laser. electro-optical switch and add-drop wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The requirement to incorporate avionics optical built-in test (BIT) in military avionics fiber optic systems is also assumed to be correct. Taking these assumptions further indicates that future avionics systems engineering will use WDM technology combined with photonic circuit integration and advanced packaging to form the technical basis of the next generation military avionics onboard local area network (LAN). Following this theme fiber optic cable plants will evolve from today's multimode interconnect solution to a single mode interconnect solution that is highly installable. maintainable. reliable and supportable. Ultimately optical BIT for fiber optic fault detection and isolation will be incorporated as an integral part of a total WDM-based avionics LAN solution. Cost-efficient single mode active and passive photonic component integration and packaging integration is needed to enable reliable operation in the harsh military avionics application environment. Rugged multimode fiber-based transmitters and receivers (transceivers) with in-package optical BIT capability are also needed to enable fully BIT capable single-wavelength fiber optic links on both legacy and future aerospace platforms. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6591-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6478 AR 647809 DI 10.1117/12.709761 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGF05 UT WOS:000246390700011 ER PT S AU Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Lee, E. W. Es-Said, O. S. BE Chang, YW Kim, NJ Lee, CS TI Effects of various thermal and environmental exposure on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys SO PRICM 6: SIXTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Inst Mat Engn Australia DE age hardenable aluminum alloys; correlations between mechanical and physical properties ID AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Aluminum alloys 6061-T6, 7075-T6 and 7249-T76 were subjected to several combinations of solution treatments, quenching media, and age hardening treatments to correlate their mechanical tensile properties to hardness and conductivity measurements. Additionally, the 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 alloys were thermally exposed to several temperatures to simulate heat damage effects. The thermal exposure was correlated to the tensile properties and hardness and conductivity measurements. C1 [Lee, E. W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Code 4342,MS5 Bldg 2188, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. RP Lee, EW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Code 4342,MS5 Bldg 2188, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM eui.lee@navy.mil; oessaid@lmu.edu FU National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates Program [EEC-0353668] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates Program Grant # EEC-0353668. The program director is Ms. Esther Bolding. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 561-565 BP 319 EP + PN 1-3 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHE49 UT WOS:000252473300073 ER PT B AU Choi, SR Kowalik, RW AF Choi, Sung R. Kowalik, Robert W. GP ASME TI Interlaminar crack growth resistances of various ceramic matrix composites in mode I and mode II loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; TENSILE; BEHAVIOR; INPLANE AB Interlaminar crack growth resistances were evaluated for five different SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) including three gas-turbine grade MI SiC/SiC composites. Modes I and II crack growth resistances, G(I) and G(II), were determined at ambient temperature using double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) methods, respectively. The CMCs exhibited G(I) =200-500 J/m(2) and G(II)=200-900 J/m(2). All the composites (except for one SiC/CAS composite) showed rising R-curve behavior either in mode I or in mode II, presumably attributed to fiber bridging (in modes I and II) and frictional constraint (mode II) in the wake region of a propagating crack. A glass fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composite, used as comparison, showed typically 2-3 and 8 times greater in G(I) and G(II), respectively, compared to the CMCs. Experimental error analysis regarding the effect of the off-the-center of a crack plane on G(I) and G(II) was also made. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Kowalik, Robert W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400026 ER PT B AU Rauf, WV Jen, CW AF Rauf, Walter V. Jen, Chang-Wei GP ASME TI Use of cross flow fuel filtration for gas turbine engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB U.S. Navy surface combatants use pre-filters and filter separators in the fuel oil service system to filter out sediment and water in order to meet the fuel oil cleanliness requirements to operate the gas turbine engines and generators. The ships have reported high usage rates of the pre-filters necessitating the replacement of the pre-filter elements. High replacement rates of the elements obviously increases the burden on ships force but it also increases the operating costs due to the cost of the replacement elements and the storage, handling and disposal of the hazardous material generated. One of the causes of the poor quality fuel oil is the purifier's inability to remove all sediment and water from the fuel oil when transferring fuel from storage to service. A prototype two-stage self-cleaning cross flow filtration unit was installed in parallel with a fuel oil purifier on a surface combatant. This unit was operated during a deployment cycle and had a through put in excess of one million gallons of fuel. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background leading to the design of the unit, the installation, operation, data, results and future design changes. C1 [Rauf, Walter V.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rauf, WV (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 931 EP 935 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400099 ER PT J AU Mathur, VK Barkyoumb, JH Yukihara, EG Goksu, HY AF Mathur, V. K. Barkyoumb, J. H. Yukihara, E. G. Goeksu, H. Y. TI Radiation sensitivity of memory chip module of an ID card SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; triage; optically stimulated luminescence; smart chip module ID OSL; TL AB The utility of ID card chip modules to function as a radiation dosimeter is investigated. Specifically the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of a sampling of chip modules are measured over the range of 0.4-12 Gy. Both infrared (830 nm) from a laser diode and blue light (470 nm) from LEDs were used to perform the OSL measurements. The TL measurements showed a linear dose-response relationship, but the TL suffered from a large zero-dose signal in the unirradiated samples and dose regeneration with time after heating the chip modules. The OSL measurements also showed a linear dose-response, but did not exhibit a zero-dose signal or regeneration. Performing the infrared OSL measurements at a temperature of 140 degrees C may improve the dose sensitivity to 0.15 Gy, but the dose-response is supralinear in the dose range investigated. Curve fitting of infrared and blue stimulated luminescence curves showed that both exhibit a fast and a slow component. Thermal stability studies indicates the presence of a component that decays in the first hour of irradiation, and a component that is stable at least during the period of investigation (up to 10 h). This stable component is more appropriate for dosimetry purposes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth GSF, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Mathur, VK (reprint author), Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM veerendra.mathur@navy.mil RI Yukihara, Eduardo/F-1345-2014 OI Yukihara, Eduardo/0000-0002-4615-6698 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.012 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 186TW UT WOS:000247802200007 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, M. L. TI Radiation efficiencies for steel plates in water SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID PANELS AB Statistical Energy ( or similar) Analysis may use radiation efficiencies as a means of estimating acoustic power radiated by plates in bending vibration. It is common to calculate them using uncoupled sinusoidal mode shapes of simply supported plates to account for the plate boundaries and rib stiffeners. This paper shows that, when applied to steel plates bounded by water on one side, this procedure can significantly overestimate the acoustic power radiated for frequencies below about one-eighth of the coincidence frequency. With water on both sides of the plate, the cutoff is increased to about one-fourth of coincidence. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carerock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carerock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM RumermanML@nswccd.navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 156IR UT WOS:000245641800001 ER PT S AU Brar, NS Joshi, VS Harris, BW AF Brar, N. S. Joshi, V. S. Harris, B. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Constitutive model constants for low carbon steels from tension and torsion data SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE low carbon steels; projectile impact simulation; strain rate sensitivity; Johnson-Cook; constitutive model AB Low carbon C1010 steel is characterized under tension and torsion to determine Johnson-Cook (J-C) strength model constants. Constitutive model constants are required as input to computer codes to simulate projectile (fragment) impact on structural components made of this material. J-C model constants (A, B, n, C, and in) for the alloy are determined from tension and torsion stress-strain data. Reference tension tests are performed at a strain rate of similar to 1/s at room temperature. Tests at high strain rates are performed at temperatures to 750 degrees C. Torsion tests at quasi-static and high strain rates are performed at both room and high temperatures. Equivalent plastic tensile stress-strain data are obtained from torsion data using von Mises flow rule and compared directly to measured tensile data. J-C strength model constants are determined from these data. Similar low carbon steels (1006, 1008, and 1020) have their J-C constants compared. C1 [Brar, N. S.; Harris, B. W.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Joshi, V. S.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Brar, NS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV) FX This work was supported by the Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division (NAVEODTECHDIV), Indian Head, MD. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 627 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500149 ER PT S AU Guirguis, R Pangifinan, GD AF Guirguis, Raafat Pangifinan, Gerat-Do BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of phase transitions of inert additives on detonation properties of porous explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE phase transitions; detonations; explosives AB One-dimensional (1-D) calculations are used to investigate the effect of phase transitions of chemically inert additives on the detonation properties of porous explosives. A shift in detonation velocity occurs when the initial density exceeds a threshold value at which the resulting pressures in the reaction zone correspond to a polymorphic phase transition of the additives. Phase transitions causing an increase (or decrease) in volume yield a positive (or negative) shift in velocity, that is augmented (or diminished) if the transition is exothermic (or endothermic). C1 [Guirguis, Raafat; Pangifinan, Gerat-Do] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Guirguis, R (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500194 ER PT S AU McGregor, NM Lindfors, AJ AF McGregor, N. M. Lindfors, A. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock reactivity study on standard and reduced sensitivity RDX of different particle size distributions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp AB Embedded gauge experiments have been performed using a three inch high velocity powder gun to assess the effects of RDX particle size and crystal quality on shock induced reactivity in support of the Combat Safe Insensitive Munitions (CSIM) program. Four monomodal experimental compositions containing 73% solids loading by weight and 27% HTPB binder were tested. The compositions were made using either standard or reduced sensitivity grades of RDX in Class 5 or Class 1 150-300 micron sieve cut particle size classes. Results have shown marked changes in the mode of reaction between the two particle size classes. Both RDX grades at the Class I sieve cut particle size distribution showed significant reaction at the shock front as well as behind the front. The Class 5 RDX compositions however showed little reaction at the shock front with rapid growth behind the front. Reaction modes were similar but occurring at greater input pressures for the reduced sensitivity grade of RDX compared to the corresponding particle size distribution standard grade RDX counterpart. C1 [McGregor, N. M.; Lindfors, A. J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP McGregor, NM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 841 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500199 ER PT S AU Richmond, CT AF Richmond, Clinton T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Modeling the asymmetric burning of agglomerate particles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE asymmetric-agglomerate burning; combustion; reactive metals; ultrafine particles AB A model has been developed to describe asymmetric burning effects on the surface of particles in agglomerate. The model calculates the surface area of the particles that is available to burning from the geometric formation of the agglomerate. Average diameter of particles bonded in agglomerate is shown to have a burning time commensurate to the burning time of a single particle. Nevertheless, the burning time of agglomerate formed by the coalescing of liquid droplets, is shown to be greater than the burning time of a single particle. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Richmond, CT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500204 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT Lemar, ER Marcus, MH AF Sutherland, G. T. Lemar, E. R. Marcus, M. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Analysis of wave curvature experiments for monomodal explosives with different crystal quality and particle size characteristics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE reaction zone thickness; wave curvature; RDX; detonation properties AB Wood-Kirkwood theory reaction zone thickness determinations and computer simulations of wave curvature experiments of two sets of explosives are presented. One set included explosives composed of RDX with different crystal quality characteristics. The other set of explosives was composed of monomodal explosives made from fine, coarse and very coarse sieved RDX and bimodal explosives made from combining the fine and very coarse RDX. The calculated reaction zone thickness was found to be greater for explosives with higher RDX crystal quality and for those of higher mean particle size. A simplified two-term ignition and growth reactive model parameterized by embedded gauge experiments was used in CTH hydrocode simulations of the wave curvature experiments for the explosives where crystal quality was varied. The simulations under-predicted the axial position lag seen in experiment and predicted as seen in experiment, that the explosive containing the higher quality crystals had a greater axial position lag. C1 [Sutherland, G. T.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Technol Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Lemar, E. R.; Marcus, M. H.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Energet Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Technol Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 873 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500207 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS AF Joshi, Vasant S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Recent developments in shear ignition of explosives using hybrid drop weight-Hopkinson Bar apparatus SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Hybrid Hopkinson Bar; shear initiation; sensitivity; ignition threshold; high strain rate AB The sensitivity and mechanical behavior of energetic material is highly dependent on its constituents. Cast and cast-cured explosives have mechanical properties significantly different from metals and the assumption of isotropic behavior may not be valid beyond a finite strain. While Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) can be successfully used to obtain mechanical properties of these soft and compliant explosives, ignition conditions are seldom achieved in SHPB tests. If ignition occurs in very small sample at extremely high strain rates, it would be very difficult to calculate the energy and energy rate that led to successful ignition. In contrast to the SHPB test, the standard drop-weight test to measure the sensitivity of explosives, is intended to obtain ignition at impact, but is only a go-no go test. Due to lack of quantifiable parameters, the result from this test is not suitable for modeling, which is important in development of new explosive formulation. In order to overcome this barrier and allow evaluation of the susceptibility of the different formulations to ignition, a new test was recently developed. This method is now applied to test hydroxy-terminated poly butadiene (HTPB) bonded explosives. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 945 EP 950 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500224 ER PT S AU Plaksin, I Coffey, CS Campos, J Mendes, R Ribeiro, J Gois, J AF Plaksin, I. Coffey, C. S. Campos, J. Mendes, R. Ribeiro, J. Gois, J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shear induced reaction localization and mechanisms of energy dissipation in PBXs subjected to strong shock SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PBX : micro-scale; meso-scale; macro-scale; initiation : shear; reaction localization AB The results of recent researches are overviewed focusing on two emerging topics: I genesis of reaction spot when the PBX structure is undergoing a shock-induced deformation, and 2 mechanisms of energy dissipation from the reaction spots and their related small-scale perturbations in the detonation reaction zone and in the PBX-driven inertial confinement (IC). The dominant role of shear driven plastic deformation in the reaction spot origination is disclosed in wide range of PBX sample sizes: from 1 mm(3) (single HMX crystal within the binder) up to few cm(3). Experimental evidences are presented showing that in the case of copper IC, a boundary layer, wherein the PBX-induced local perturbations dissipate to heat, is of order of few sizes of coarse HMX grains, similar to 1-1.5 mm. C1 [Plaksin, I.; Campos, J.; Mendes, R.; Ribeiro, J.; Gois, J.] Univ Coimbra, Assoc Dev Ind Aerodynam, Lab Energet & Deton, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal. [Coffey, C. S.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Plaksin, I (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Assoc Dev Ind Aerodynam, Lab Energet & Deton, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal. OI Plaksin, Igor/0000-0002-5478-2373; Campos, Jose/0000-0002-6067-3069; Miranda Gois, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-7087-8041; Baranda Ribeiro, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-9908-7147; Mendes, Ricardo/0000-0002-3575-9733 FU Department of the NAVY, Office of Naval Research Global [N00014-07-1-4069]; NSWG-IH [N00174-05-M-0085] FX The visiting scientist program is supported by the Department of the NAVY, Office of Naval Research Global, under Grant Number N00014-07-1-4069 (AGO N62927, ONRG LTR 4069). Funding was provided by the NSWG-IH, under Purchase Order N00174-05-M-0085. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1427 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500335 ER PT J AU Carr, W Phillips, B Wetherell, L Salamat, J Taylor, M Sausen, K Drummond, S AF Carr, W. Phillips, B. Wetherell, L. Salamat, J. Taylor, M. Sausen, K. Drummond, S. TI Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of recall after sleep deprivation: Short sleepers v. long sleepers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Association-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 09-14, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Heathcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2007 VL 30 SU S MA 358 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 164HR UT WOS:000246224900359 ER PT J AU Bass, CR Lucas, SR Salzar, RS Oyen, ML Planchak, C Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Bass, Cameron R. Lucas, Scott R. Salzar, Robert S. Oyen, Michelle L. Planchak, Chris Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Failure properties of cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain rate deformations SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE spine biomechanics; cervical spine; anterior longitudinal ligament; posterior longitudinal ligament; ligamentum flavum; strain rate; impact loading; true stress and strain ID ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; FRONTAL IMPACT; INJURY; WHIPLASH AB Study Design. The failure responses of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum were examined in vitro under large strain-rate mechanical loading. Objective. To quantify the failure properties for 3 cervical spinal ligaments at strain rates associated with traumatic events. Summary of Background Data. There exists little experimentation literature for fast- rate loading of the cervical spine ligaments. The small amount of available information is framed only in extensive experimental coordinates, and not in the context of strains. Methods. Bone-ligament-bone complexes were strained at fast rates, in an incrementally increasing loading protocol using a servohydraulic mechanical test frame. Failure loads and displacements were converted to engineering and true stress and strain values, and compared for the different ligaments (anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligamentum flavum), spinal levels (C3-C4, C5-C6, and C7-T1), and for male versus female specimens. Results. There were no significant differences in force or true stress for gender or spinal level. There was a significant difference in force and true stress for ligament type. A difference was found between the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum for failure force, and between the ligamentum flavum and both the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments for failure true stress. No significant differences were found in true strain for ligament, gender, or spinal level. The mean ligament failure true strain was 0.81. Failure true strains were approximately 57% of the failure engineering strains. Conclusions. Once the injury mechanisms of the cervical spine are fully understood, computational models can be employed to understand the potentially traumatic effects of clinical procedures, and mitigate injury in impact, falls, and other high-rate scenarios. The soft tissue failure properties in this study can be used to develop failure tolerances in fast- rate loading scenarios. Failure properties of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments were similar, and the same properties can be used to model both ligaments. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Lucas, SR (reprint author), 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM slucas@virginia.edu RI Oyen, Michelle/B-1600-2008 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP E7 EP E13 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000251058.53905.eb PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 123EI UT WOS:000243278700024 PM 17202883 ER PT B AU Salvino, LW Brady, TF AF Salvino, L. W. Brady, T. F. BE Chang, FK TI Hull structure monitoring for high-speed naval ships SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB The importance and the need for equipping high-speed naval vessels with an operational real-time structural health monitoring system are discussed. Currently, there are several Navy acquisition programs that contain ship and hull monitoring aspects. Examples Of Such will be given. Particularly, current status and activities of a hull condition-monitoring project for the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) program will be presented. This program develops a Hull Monitoring System, which is composed of stand-alone commercially available software and hardware. It provides data measurement, data collection and conditioning, data processing and evaluation, as well as results presentation and storage. This hull monitoring system and processes are leveraging experiences gained from previous monitoring efforts on Navy vessels. Although this system does not have structural diagnosis and prognosis capabilities, it will deliver improved data recording, motion, load and usage monitoring. This project will provide valuable experience towards the development of intelligent strategy and automated processes to effectively manage future Naval ship structures. C1 [Salvino, L. W.; Brady, T. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 65,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1465 EP 1472 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001048 ER PT S AU Focht, EA L'Heureux, BP Roe, C AF Focht, Eric A. L'Heureux, Brian P. Roe, Charles BE Toor, PM Barron, J TI Development of a fastener structural element test for certifying navy fastener materials SO Structural Integrity of Fasteners: Including the Effects of Environment and Stress Corrosion Cracking: 3rd Volume SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASTM Symposium on Structural Integrity of Fasteners including the Effects of Environment and Stress Corrosion Cracking CY NOV 10, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP ASTM Comm E-8 Fatigue & Fracture DE fasteners; fracture toughness; structural element testing; Ti-5111; MP98T ID STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS; ROUND BARS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CRACKS; TENSION AB New materials intended for use in critical U.S. Navy applications are evaluated by a Fracture Toughness Review Process (FTRP) for acceptability. In addition to developing data on the mechanical properties, fatigue life, and fracture toughness, the FTRP requires that a representative structural element test be performed to verify that the material can withstand plastic deformation at high loading rates in the presence of a detectable flaw. A Fastener Structural Element Test (FSET) has been developed to certify fastener materials such that the results of fracture mechanics testing on candidate alloys can be verified. The testing required the development of a suitable specimen that best represented a fastener, flaw seeding, and pre-cracking techniques, load and displacement measurement techniques suitable for high loading rates, and material performance acceptance criteria. The complete results of the testing on titanium alloy Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo (a.k.a. Ti-5111) and a Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Fe alloy will be presented along with the test methodology, data acquisition, and analysis details. The challenges encountered and areas that require further refinement will also be discussed. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Mat Div, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Focht, EA (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Mat Div, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Code 612,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 978-0-8031-3413-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2007 VL 1487 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1520/STP45254S PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGL38 UT WOS:000248150100001 ER PT S AU Hewer, GA Kuo, W Hanson, G AF Hewer, Gary A. Kuo, Wei Hanson, Grant BE VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK Papadakis, M TI Double-density complex wavelet cartoon-texture decomposition SO WAVELETS XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets XII CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE complex wavelet; Helmholtz principle; phase gradient; non-local means denoising algorithm; Earth Mover's Distance ID IMAGE; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; TRANSFORM; DISTANCE AB Both the Kingsbury dual-tree and the subsequent Selesnick double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform approximate an analytic function. The classification of the phase dependency across scales is largely unexplored except by Romberg et al.. Here we characterize the sub-band dependency of the orientation of phase gradients by applying the Helmholtz principle to bivariate histograms to locate meaningful modes. A further characterization using the Earth Mover's Distance with the fundamental Rudin-Osher-Meyer Banach space decomposition into cartoon and texture elements is presented. Possible applications include image compression and invariant descriptor selection for image matching C1 [Hewer, Gary A.; Kuo, Wei; Hanson, Grant] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM gary.hewer@navy.mil; wei.kuo@navy.mil; grant.hanson@navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6849-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6701 AR 67011J DI 10.1117/12.739209 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC85 UT WOS:000252227400047 ER PT S AU Sullivan, RM Phelps, A Kirschc, JA Welsh, EA Harris, DC AF Sullivan, Roger M. Phelps, Andrew Kirschc, James A. Welsh, Earle A. Harris, Daniel C. BE Tustison, RW TI Erosion studies of infrared dome materials - art. no. 65450G SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials X CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB The testing reported in this paper operationalized the material requirement: An infrared transparent dome material must be at least as good as magnesium fluoride in rain tests and substantially better than magnesium fluoride in sand tests. Sand erosion test conclusions, based on changes in midwave infrared transmission, are that Cleartran (TM) with the protective coating system tested is not substantially more resistant to large grain sand erosion damage than magnesium fluoride. ALON (TM) and spinel are substantially more resistant to large grain sand erosion damage than magnesium fluoride. There is no significant transmission difference due to small grain sand erosion observed between any of the tested coupons. Qualitative analysis of coupon damage after exposure to an artificial rain field on a whirling arm showed that ALON (TM) and spinel are at least as rain erosion resistant as magnesium fluoride, but the coated Cleartran (TM) coupons delaminated rapidly under the same rain test conditions. Testing coupons exposed sequentially to the milder sand condition followed by the whirling arm rain erosion test demonstrated that magnesium fluoride rain resistance is diminished in the combined test, but that ALON (TM) and spinel retain their robust resistance. Coated Cleartran (TM) delaminated under the combined conditions as well. It is noteworthy that the results reported for the midwave infrared range also apply to the near infrared region above I micron. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Sullivan, RM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. OI Phelps, Andrew/0000-0002-1160-4606 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6667-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6545 BP G5450 EP G5450 AR 65450G DI 10.1117/12.719966 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BGL42 UT WOS:000248191900011 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Mohr, SB Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Garland, Cedric F. Mohr, Sharif B. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Role of ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D in prevention of ovarian cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; MORTALITY-RATES; SOLAR-RADIATION; DOWN-REGULATION; SUNLIGHT; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEFICIENCY; PROSTATE AB Background: There is a north-south gradient in age-adjusted mortality rates of ovarian cancer in the United States, with the highest rates in the Northeast and the lowest in the South through Southwest. This suggests that lower levels of solar irradiance might be associated with higher risk of ovarian cancer. Laboratory findings also suggest that low levels of vitamin D metabolites could play a role in the etiology of ovarian cancer. Methods: The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, stratospheric column ozone, and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 years with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in 175 countries in 2002 were examined using multiple linear regression in 2006. Results: Age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence rates generally were highest in countries located at higher latitudes (R-2 = 0.45, p <= 0.01). According to multivariate analysis, UVB irradiance (p <= 0.002) and fertility rates at ages 15 to 19 (p=0.01) were inversely associated with incidence rates, while stratospheric ozone (p <= 0.0008), which reduces transmission of UVB, was positively associated with incidence (R-2=0.49, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Solar UVB irradiance was inversely associated with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in this study, adding new evidence to the theory that vitamin D might play a role in the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cohort studies are needed to confirm this possible association. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31 (6):512-514) (c) 2006 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM garlandc@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.018 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 119UK UT WOS:000243039200008 PM 17169713 ER PT J AU Young, SYN Hansen, CJ Gibson, RL Ryan, MAK AF Young, Sylvia Y. N. Hansen, Christian J. Gibson, Roger L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Risky alcohol use, age at onset of drinking, and adverse childhood experiences in young men entering the US marine corps SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; NAVY RECRUIT SAMPLE; USE DISORDERS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; UNINTENTIONAL INJURY; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; ABUSE; ADOLESCENCE; DEPENDENCE AB Objective: To examine how childhood experiences relate to risky underage drinking. Design: A survey study of men starting military training between June 11, 2002, and April 5, 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models compared risky drinkers with "all others" or with nonrisky drinkers; excluding nondrinkers. Setting: Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, Calif. Participants: Forty-one thousand four hundred eighty-two men aged 18 to 20 years. Main Exposures: Age at drinking onset; childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; childhood emotional and physical neglect; and household alcohol abuse, mental illness, domestic violence, or divorce. Main Outcome Measures: Risky drinking identified by scoring responses to 3 questions about alcohol consumption. Results: Of 41 482 young men, 6128 (14.8%) were identified as risky drinkers, 18 693 (45.1%) as nonrisky drinkers, and 16 661 (40.2%) as nondrinkers. Among drinkers, early initiation of alcohol use was strongly associated with risky drinking, with a 5.5-fold risk if age at onset of drinking was 13 years or younger. Other associated factors included tobacco use, rural or small hometown, higher education, motivation to join the military for travel or adventure or to leave problems at home, numerous close friends and relatives, household alcohol abuse or mental illness, and childhood sexual or emotional abuse. When the comparison group included nondrinkers, additional associated factors included childhood physical abuse and domestic violence. Conclusions: These analyses confirm previous findings on risks for alcohol misuse in young adults and quantify these risks in new, large, multivariable models, adding unique perspective from a population of young Marines. Public health efforts to decrease alcohol misuse may be effectively targeted by prevention of underage alcohol use, tobacco use, and childhood abuse. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Armed Forces Epidemiol Board, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 160 IS 12 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1207 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111YW UT WOS:000242492800002 PM 17146017 ER PT J AU Bacher, JM Metzgar, D de Crecy-Lagard, V AF Bacher, Jamie M. Metzgar, David de Crecy-Lagard, Valrie TI Rapid evolution of diminished transformability in Acinetobacter baylyi SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI POPULATIONS; SP. STRAIN BD413; NATURAL TRANSFORMATION; COMPETENCE GENE; BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION; 20,000 GENERATIONS; YEAST POPULATIONS; MOLECULAR DRIVE; SP ADP1; SEX AB The reason for genetic exchange remains a crucial question in evolutionary biology. Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1 is a highly competent and recombinogenic bacterium. We compared the parallel evolution of wild-type and engineered noncompetent lineages of A. baylyi in the laboratory. If transformability were to result in an evolutionary benefit, it was expected that competent lineages would adapt more rapidly than noncompetent lineages. Instead, regardless of competency, lineages adapted to the same extent under several laboratory conditions. Furthermore, competent lineages repeatedly evolved a much lower level of transformability. The loss of competency may be due to a selective advantage or the irreversible transfer of loss-of-function alleles of genes required for transformation within the competent population. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bacher, JM (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, 10550 N torrey Pines Rd,BCC-379, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jbacher@scripps.edu; vcrecy@ufl.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM023562, GM23562] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 188 IS 24 BP 8534 EP 8542 DI 10.1128/JB.00846-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 116JH UT WOS:000242798100025 PM 17028281 ER PT J AU Smith, B Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A.K. Gray, Gregory C. TI Comparison of the postdeployment hospitalization experience of U.S. military personnel following service in the 1991 Gulf War, southwest Asia after the Gulf War, and Bosnia SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE combat disorders; hospitalization; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS; DESERT-STORM; UNEXPLAINED ILLNESSES; AUSTRALIAN VETERANS; EXTREME STRESS AB Much attention has been given to the impact of deployment on the health of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War. Whereas increases in self-reported symptoms have been common, no specific exposures have been implicated. Some have suggested that stress from deployment is the chief cause for multisymptom conditions among Gulf War veterans, but comparisons with the health of other recent deployers have not been made. We sought to examine the impact of several large military deployments on hospitalization experience. Hospitalization records were examined for all active duty personnel deployed exclusively to the Gulf War, Southwest Asia after the Gulf War, or Bosnia. Cox's hazard modeling was used to assess time until first post-deployment hospitalization, separation from active duty, or December 31, 2000, whichever occurred first, while controlling for influential covariates and temporal changes. Personnel deployed to Southwest Asia after the 1991 Gulf War were at a slight increased risk for any-cause hospitalization and for 3 of the 14 major diagnostic categories when compared with veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Personnel deployed to Bosnia were at a decreased risk for any-cause hospitalization and 12 of the 14 major diagnostic categories when compared with Gulf War veterans. These findings do not fully explain the complexity of postdeployment health experiences. Although the risk for hospitalization may be associated with regional deployment, it is unlikely that Gulf War veterans are at greater risk of hospitalization due to a specific exposure-related disease. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 3 IS 12 BP 660 EP 670 DI 10.1080/15459620601003212 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096AL UT WOS:000241349300004 PM 17133689 ER PT J AU Noblesse, F Hendrix, D Faul, L Slutsky, J AF Noblesse, Francis Hendrix, Dane Faul, Lisa Slutsky, Jonathan TI Simple analytical expressions for the height, location, and steepness of a ship bow wave SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Dimensional analysis and other fundamental theoretical considerations (thin-ship limit, shallow-draft and deep-draft limits) are used, with bow-wave measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms, to obtain simple analytical expressions that explicitly define the height, location, and steepness of the bow wave generated by a ship in terms of the ship speed, draft, and waterline entrance angle. These simple analytical expressions are in excellent agreement with the available experimental measurements for six wedge-shaped hull forms. Good agreement is also obtained for other ship-bow forms, especially if a simple procedure-illustrated for the Wigley hull and the Series 60 model-is used to define an effective ship draft and an effective waterline entrance angle. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Noblesse, F (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 50 IS 4 BP 360 EP 370 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 118DM UT WOS:000242922300006 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Merrill, Lex L. Stander, Valerie A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Premilitary intimate partner violence and attrition from the US Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREDICTORS; ABUSE; SAMPLE AB A prospective study of U.S. Navy recruits (N = 5,498) examined whether premilitary intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with attrition. Overall, more than one-fourth of recruits reported premilitary physical IPV and more than two-thirds reported premilitary verbal IPV. Women reported more perpetration and receipt of IPV than men, and married or cohabiting respondents reported more IPV than single respondents. Both perpetration and receipt of IPV significantly predicted attrition within 4 years. However, after controlling for other forms of IPV, only receipt of physical IPV significantly predicted attrition. In only one analysis did associations between IPV and attrition vary according to marital status or gender; premilitary receipt of verbal IPV had different effects on women and men. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1206 EP 1210 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100012 PM 17256684 ER PT J AU Gallant, FM Bruck, HA Prickett, SE AF Gallant, Frederick M. Bruck, Hugh A. Prickett, Suzanne E. TI Effects of Twin-Screw Extrusion processing on the burning rate of composite propellants SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE composite propellants; Twin-Screw Extrusion; burning rate; Petite Ensemble Model; experimental surface response analysis ID MIXTURE EXPERIMENTS AB A new process for continuous manufacturing of composite propellants has been developed using Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE). The effects of TSE-processing on the burning rates of an ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant have been characterized over a wide composition range (79 to 87 wt. % AP) and a wide range of screw speeds (45 to 85 RPM) using a quadratic model for an experimental Response Surface Analysis (RSA) based on the Kowalski, Cornell, and Vining (KCV) algorithm. Using Student's T-test, it was determined that burning rates obtained from strand-burning rate tests at 3.5 MPa, 7.0 MPa, and 10.5 MPa are affected only by the individual ingredients, the interaction between the coarse AP particles and the binder, and the screw speed. Measured burning rates were found to be 40% to 100% higher than Petite Ensemble Model (PEM) predictions, which was accounted for by modifying the PEM through a power law relationship with pressure that includes a rule-of-mixtures dependence of the exponent and coefficient on the weight fraction of coarse and fine AP particles. The resulting modified PEM reduced differences between the predictions and experimental data by 79% at 3.5 MPa, 83% at 7.0 MPa, and 78% at 10.5 MPa. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2153 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bruck@umd.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1002/prep.200600062 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 123NP UT WOS:000243302900006 ER PT J AU Alonso, MV Auad, ML Sorathia, U Marcovich, NE Nutt, SR AF Alonso, M. V. Auad, M. L. Sorathia, U. Marcovich, N. E. Nutt, S. R. TI Barrier properties for short-fiber-reinforced epoxy foams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foams; fibers; fire resistance; mechanical properties; moisture ID COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE; WATER; ABSORPTION; ADHESION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB The barrier properties of short-fiber-reinforced epoxy foam are characterized and compared with unreinforced epoxy foam in terms of moisture absorption, flammability properties, and impact properties. Compression and shear properties are also included to place in perspective the mechanical behavior of these materials. Compared with conventional epoxy foam, foam reinforced with aramid fibers exhibits higher moisture absorption and lower diffusion, while glass-fiber-reinforced foam is significantly stiffer and stronger. In addition, the polymeric foam composites studied present superior fire-resistance compared with conventional epoxy foam systems. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Gill Fdn Composites Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Nacl Mar Plata, CONICET, Inst Res Mat Sci & Technol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. RP Alonso, MV (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Ingn Quim, Fac Ciencias Quim, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM valonso@quim.ucm.es NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 102 IS 4 BP 3266 EP 3272 DI 10.1002/app.24693 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 091CP UT WOS:000241004000024 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI Frequency chirp effects in electromagnetically induced transparency SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID LIGHT AB We consider the effects of the time-dependence of the frequency of a probe field in a three-level system when the probe field is scanned in frequency. We find that, under conditions of weak coupling and probe fields, the resonance can show ringing when the scan rate is greater than the ground state recovery time. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM francesco.narducci@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 53 IS 16-17 BP 2439 EP 2447 DI 10.1080/09500340600893776 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 098WD UT WOS:000241552600020 ER PT J AU Park, SS Garmestani, H Bae, GT Kim, NJ Krajewski, PE Kim, S Lee, EW AF Park, Sung S. Garmestani, Hamid Bae, G. T. Kim, Nack J. Krajewski, Paul E. Kim, Sooho Lee, Eui W. TI Constitutive analysis on the superplastic deformation of warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE 6013 Al alloy; warm rolling; superplasticity; internal variable theory ID INTERNAL VARIABLE APPROACH; STRUCTURAL SUPERPLASTICITY; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; AL-ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION; METALS; FLOW AB A study has been made on the superplastic deformation behavior of warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy. A series of load relaxation tests have been carried out on a warm-rolled 6013 Al alloy. They are well interpreted by grain boundary sliding (GBS) and grain matrix plastic deformation (GMD) using the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity. Uniaxial tensile testing shows a maximum elongation of 370% achieved at 560 degrees C under the initial strain rate of 1 x 10(-4) s(-1). These conditions of maximum elongation are consistent with the load relaxation results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Park, SS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM manim@postech.ac.kr NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 5 PY 2006 VL 435 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.103 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 100QI UT WOS:000241683200093 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Lee, RU Thornton, SA Stine, C Wallace, MR Barrozo, C Keefer-Norris, A Judd, S Russell, KL AF Crum, Nancy F. Lee, Rachel U. Thornton, Scott A. Stine, Colin Wallace, Mark R. Barrozo, Chris Keefer-Norris, Ananda Judd, Sharon Russell, Kevin L. TI Fifteen-year study of the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; community-acquired; epidemiology ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUCOCIDIN; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; LEUKOCIDIN GENES; MRSA INFECTION; ACQUIRED MRSA; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: The study's purpose was to elucidate the evolutionary, microbiologic, and clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) infections. METHODS: MRSA cases from military medical facilities in San Diego, from 1990 to 2004, were evaluated and categorized as community- acquired or nosocomial. Sequence type, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette gene type, and Panton- Valentine leukocidin gene status were determined for a subset of isolates. RESULTS: Over the 15- year period, 1888 cases of MRSA were identified; 65% were community acquired. The incidence ( 155 infections/ 100 000 person- year in 2004) and household- associated cases rapidly increased since 2002. Among persons with community- acquired MRSA, 16% were hospitalized and only 17% were initially given an effective antibiotic. Community- acquired MRSA cases compared with nosocomial MRSA cases were more often soft- tissue and less often urinary, lung, or bloodstream infections ( P <. 001). Patients with community- acquired MRSA were younger ( 22 vs 64 years, P <. 001) and less likely to have concurrent medical conditions ( 9% vs 98%, P <. 001). Clindamycin resistance increased among community- acquired MRSA isolates during 2003 and 2004 compared with previous years ( 79% vs 13%, P <. 001). Genetically, nosocomial MRSA isolates were significantly different than those acquired in the community. Although community- acquired MRSA isolates were initially diverse by 2004, one strain ( staphylococcal chromosomal cassette type IV, sequence type 8, Panton- Valentine leukocidin gene positive) became the predominant isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Community- acquired and intrafamilial MRSA infections have increased rapidly since 2002. Our 15 years of surveillance revealed the emergence of distinct community- acquired MRSA strains that were genetically unrelated to nosocomial MRSA isolates from the same community. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, NEPMU6, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM NFCrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 44 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 15 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 119 IS 11 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.004 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 099WX UT WOS:000241629000011 PM 17071162 ER PT J AU Choi, W Sarkar, TK Allen, OE Asvestas, JS AF Choi, Wonsuk Sarkar, Tapan K. Allen, Oliver E. Asvestas, John S. TI Approximate compensation for mutual coupling in a direct data domain least squares approach using the in-situ measured element patterns SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adaptive processing; direct data domain approach; element pattern; mutual coupling; least squares ID ARRAYS AB This paper presents a new technique for an approximate compensation of the effects of mutual coupling among the elements of an array using the measured in-situ element patterns in a direct data domain least squares algorithm. In this paper, we consider the antenna elements in the phased array to have finite dimensions, i.e., they are not onmi-directional radiators. Hence, the antenna elements sample and re-radiate the incident fields resulting in mutual coupling between the antenna elements. Mutual coupling not only destroys the linear wavefront assumption for the signal of interest but also for all the interferers impinging on the array. Thus, we propose a new direct data domain approach that partly compensates for effect of mutual coupling, specifically when the jammer strengths are comparable to that of the signal. For strong interferers, a more accurate compensation for the mutual coupling is necessary using the transformation matrix through the formation of a uniform liner virtual array. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, W (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM wchoi01@syr.edu; tksarkar@mailbox.syr.edu; oliver.allen@navy.mil; john.asvestas@navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 342 EP 352 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 112FG UT WOS:000242510500019 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Hodgdon, JA Griswold, L Miller, A Roberts, DE Escamilla, RF AF Taylor, Marcus K. Hodgdon, James A. Griswold, Lisa Miller, Amanda Roberts, Donald E. Escamilla, Rafael F. TI Cervical resistance training: Effects on isometric and dynamic strength SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neck strength; resistance training ID EXTENSION STRENGTH; NECK INJURIES; PILOTS AB Introduction: Neck injuries signify a physical fitness and human system problem with high operational significance. The prevalence of injuries in tactical aviators has been reported to be as high as 84%, although few report engaging in neck-specific strengthening exercises. It is generally believed that neck strengthening may result in fewer neck injuries. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 12 wk of cervical strength training (3 d (.) wk(-1)) on isometric strength, dynamic strength, and hypertrophy in a sample of military men. Methods: Participants were tested for each of the above-mentioned variables before and after the training program as well as at 4-wk intervals, and results were compared with a control group that performed no cervical resistance training. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in isometric strength and dynamic strength, typically occurring as early as 4 wk and improving throughout the 12-wk period. Modest increases in neck circumference were also noted. Discussion: These findings have implications for military personnel at risk of neck injury in their occupational activities. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Stress Physiol Res Core, Code 21 Warfighter Performance,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM taylorm@nhrc.navy.mil NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1135 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 101VH UT WOS:000241768500005 PM 17086765 ER PT J AU Costache, MC Kanugh, EM Wilkie, CA Sorathia, U AF Costache, Marius C. Kanugh, Eric M. Wilkie, Charles A. Sorathia, Usman TI Fire retardancy of polyareas SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polyureas; fire retardancy; additives; cone calorimetry ID URETHANE BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB In this study, a variety of additives have been evaluated as potential fire retardants for polyureas with cone calorimetry being the method of evaluation. The additives that have been evaluated include minerals (alumina trihydrate), bromine-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-based fire retardants. The major criteria for evaluation are the reductions in the peak heat release rate and the total heat released, the evolution of smoke and dripping. C1 Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wilkie, CA (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM charles.wilkie@marquette.edu RI Costache, Marius/B-4068-2012 OI Costache, Marius/0000-0002-1640-8671 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 433 EP 444 DI 10.1177/0734904106067253 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 096ET UT WOS:000241361100001 ER PT J AU Fronabarger, JW Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD AF Fronabarger, John W. Chapman, Robert D. Gilardi, Richard D. TI Facile entry into the 3H,9H-bis[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a : 5 ',1 '-d][1,3,5]triazinium (5/6/5 tricyclic NNN) system SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRIAZINIUM-IMIDOTHIOATE ZWITTERIONS; 3,4,5-TRIAMINO-4H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE GUANAZINE; DERIVATIVES AB A facile, one-pot reaction between 3,4 5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole (guanazine) and cyanogen bromide provides a new high-nitrogen example of the 3H,9H-bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:5',1'-d][1,3,5]triazinium system, the 2,3,5,6-tetraamino-9-imino derivative (3) as a quaternary bromide salt. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, 7073 W Willis Dr, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 44 BP 7707 EP 7709 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.08.106 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 097EK UT WOS:000241429400010 ER PT J AU Jones, JR Carstaris, KL Tanen, DA AF Jones, J. R. Carstaris, K. L. Tanen, D. A. TI Urinalysis is not reliable to detect a urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants presenting to the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 197 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400200 ER PT J AU Mahalanobis, A Van Nevel, A AF Mahalanobis, Abhijit Van Nevel, Alan TI Integrated approach for automatic target recognition using a network of collaborative sensors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION FILTERS; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS AB We introduce what is believed to be a novel concept by which several sensors with automatic target recognition (ATR) capability collaborate to recognize objects. Such an approach would be suitable for netted systems in which the sensors and platforms can coordinate to optimize end-to-end performance. We use correlation filtering techniques to facilitate the development of the concept, although other ATR algorithms may be easily substituted. Essentially, a self-configuring geometry of netted platforms is proposed that positions the sensors optimally with respect to each other, and takes into account the interactions among the sensor, the recognition algorithms, and the classes of the objects to be recognized. We show how such a paradigm optimizes overall performance, and illustrate the collaborative ATR scheme for recognizing targets in synthetic aperture radar imagery by using viewing position as a sensor parameter. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Missiles & Fire Control, Orlando, FL USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Sensor & Signals Sci Div,Imag Signal Pro, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Mahalanobis, A (reprint author), Missiles & Fire Control, Lockhee Martin,5600 Sand Lake Rd, Orlando, FL USA. EM abhijit.mahalanobis@lmco.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 7365 EP 7374 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007365 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MZ UT WOS:000240886000023 PM 16983426 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Hathaway, KB AF Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Clark, A. E. Hathaway, K. B. TI Induced magnetic anisotropy in stress-annealed Galfenol alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Galfenol; magnetoelasticity; magnetostriction; magnetostrictive devices; stress annealing AB Values of the uniaxial anisotropy, cubic anisotropy, saturation magnetic induction, and saturation magnetostriction were obtained from measurements of the magnetization and magnetostriction of stress-annealed Galfenol (Fe100-xGax,x = 12.5, 18.4, and 22.0) and Fe-81 Al-19 as a function of compressive stresses < 100 MPa. The values were derived from fitting magnetization and magnetostriction curves to the energy expression E-i = -mu 0MsH alpha(z) + K-cubic(alpha(4)(x) + alpha(4)(y) + alpha(4)(z)) + K-uniaxial alpha(2)(z) - lambda T-sat alpha(2)(z), where M-s lambda(sat) and the K's are fit parameters. The alpha(i)'s are the direction cosines of the magnetization direction with respect to the field and stress direction (z). H is the magnetic field and T is the measurement stress (compressive T < 0). Data are fit with high precision by only the above four constants plus a smoothing constant. Importantly, K-uniaxial enables a prediction of the maximum usable tensile stress. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3087 EP 3089 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878395 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700273 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE AF Wun-Fogle, M. Restorff, J. B. Clark, A. E. TI Magnetomechanical coupling in stress-annealed Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Fe-Ga alloys; Galfenol; magnetoelasticity; magnetomechanical properties; magnetostriction AB Magnetomechanical properties (coupling factor, piezomagnetic d-constant, and permeability) were obtained as a function of both magnetic field (0 to 600 Oe) and applied stress (-200 MPa to +50 MPa) for Fe100-x Ga-x (x = 12.5, 18.4 and 22). To evaluate the coupling factors Y-B, the Young's modulus at constant induction, was measured and found to be 97, 75, and 67 GPa for x = 12.5, 18.4, and 22, respectively. At low magnetic fields, relative permeabilities are greater than 800 for all alloys. Peak coupling factors exceeded 0.6 for the x = 12.5 and x = 18.4 alloys, whereas for the x = 22 alloy, no measurable uniaxial energy was built into the alloy by stress annealing, and the d-constants and coupling factors were substantially lower. Model predictions of the inverse magnetostriction effect are presented for the x = 18.4 alloy. Excellent fits obtained by the magnetization rotation model enable the calculation of all the magnetomechanical properties of the Fe-Ga system as well as the inverse magnetostrictive effect. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carferock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carferock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3120 EP 3122 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878394 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700284 ER PT J AU Prevey, PS Ravindranath, RA Shepard, M Gabb, T AF Prevey, Paul S. Ravindranath, Ravi A. Shepard, Michael Gabb, Timothy TI Case studies of fatigue life improvement using low plasticity burnishing in gas turbine engine applications SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASME ID MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENTS; STEEL; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; RESISTANCE; ALLOY; PARTS AB Surface enhancement technologies such as shot peening, laser shock peening, and low plasticity burnishing (LPB) can provide substantial fatigue life improvement. However to be effective, the compressive residual stresses that increase fatigue strength must be retained in service. For successful integration into turbine design, the process must be affordable and compatible with the manufacturing environment. LPB provides thermally stable compression of comparable magnitude and even greater depth than other methods, and can be performed in conventional machine shop environments on CNC machine tools. LPB provides a means to extend the fatigue lives of both new and legacy aircraft engines and ground-based turbines. Improving fatigue performance by introducing deep stable layers of compressive residual stress avoids the generally cost prohibitive alternative of modifying either material or design. The x-ray diffraction based background studies of thermal and mechanical stability of surface enhancement techniques are briefly reviewed, demonstrating the importance of minimizing cold work. The LPB process, tooling, and control systems are described. An overview of current research programs conducted for engine OEMs and the military to apply LPB to a variety of engine and aging aircraft components are presented. Fatigue performance and residual stress data developed to date for several case studies are presented including the following. (1) The effect of LPB on the fatigue performance of the nickel based super alloy IN718, showing the fatigue benefit of thermal stability at engine temperatures. (2) An order of magnitude improvement in damage tolerance of LPB processed Ti-6-4 fan blade leading edges. (3) Elimination of the fretting fatigue debit for Ti-6-4 with prior LPB. (4) Corrosion fatigue mitigation with LPB in Carpenter 450 steel. (5) Damage tolerance improvement in 17-4 PH steel. Where appropriate, the performance of LPB is compared to conventional shot peening after exposure to engine operating temperatures. C1 Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Prevey, PS (reprint author), Lambda Res, 5521 Fair Lane, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. EM pprevey@lambda-research.com; ravindranara@navair.navy.mil; michael.Shepard@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.gabb@lerc.nasa.gov NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 32 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1115/1.1807414 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 091RI UT WOS:000241045600016 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Broderick, MP Franklin, SE Blyn, LB Freed, NE Moradi, E Ecker, DJ Kammerer, PE Osuna, MA Kajon, AE Morn, CB Ryan, MAK AF Russell, Kevin L. Broderick, Michael P. Franklin, Suzanne E. Blyn, Lawrence B. Freed, Nikki E. Moradi, Emily Ecker, David J. Kammerer, Peter E. Osuna, Miguel A. Kajon, Adriana E. Morn, Cassandra B. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Transmission dynamics and prospective environmental sampling of adenovirus in a military recruit setting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop CY FEB 18, 2005 CL Norfolk, VA SP Dept Def, Def Adv Res Program Agcy ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; NAVAL RECRUITS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; SEROTYPES 4; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINES; STRAIN AB Background. High levels of morbidity caused by adenovirus among US military recruits have returned since the loss of adenovirus vaccines in 1999. The transmission dynamics of adenovirus have never been well understood, which complicates prevention efforts. Methods. Enrollment and end-of-study samples were obtained and active surveillance for febrile respiratory illnesses (FRIs) was performed for 341 recruits and support personnel. Environmental samples were collected simultaneously. Classic and advanced diagnostic techniques were used. Results. Seventy-nine percent (213/271) of new recruits were seronegative for either adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad-4) or adenovirus serotype 7 (Ad-7). FRI caused by Ad-4 was observed in 25% (67/271) of enrolled recruits, with 100% of them occurring in individuals with enrollment titers < 1:4. The percentage of recruits seropositive for Ad-4 increased from 34% at enrollment to 97% by the end of the study. Adenovirus was most commonly detected in the environment on pillows, lockers, and rifles. Conclusions. Potential sources of adenovirus transmission among US military recruits included the presence of adenovirus on surfaces in living quarters and extended pharyngeal viral shedding over the course of several days. The introduction of new recruits, who were still shedding adenovirus, into new training groups was documented. Serological screening could identify susceptible recruits for the optimal use of available vaccines. New high-throughput technologies show promise in providing valuable data for clinical and research applications. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 33 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 7 BP 877 EP 885 DI 10.1086/507426 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 081LE UT WOS:000240318300003 PM 16960774 ER PT J AU Jabra, J Romios, M Lai, J Lee, E Setiawan, M Lee, EW Witters, J Abourialy, N Ogren, JR Clark, R Oppenheim, T Frazier, WE Es-Said, OS AF Jabra, J. Romios, M. Lai, J. Lee, E. Setiawan, M. Lee, E. W. Witters, J. Abourialy, N. Ogren, J. R. Clark, R. Oppenheim, T. Frazier, W. E. Es-Said, O. S. TI The effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties of 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate aluminum alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE age hardenable Al alloys; aircraft materials; engineering correlations; overaging; thermal exposure ID LITHIUM ALLOY AB Aluminum alloys 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate were thermally exposed at temperatures of 180 degrees C (350 degrees F), 230 degrees C (450 degrees F), and 290 degrees C (550 degrees F) for 0.1, 0.5, 2, 10, 100, and 1000 h. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The data shows that higher temperatures and longer exposure times generally resulted in decreased strength and hardness and increased percent elongation and electrical conductivity. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. ALCOA, Aerosp Applicat Engn, Bettendorf, IA 52722 USA. RP Jabra, J (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 18 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1361/105994906X136142 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 093DW UT WOS:000241148900015 ER PT J AU Nee, TW AF Nee, Tsu-Wei TI Second-harmonic diffraction from holographic volume grating SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-THEORY; POLARIZATION AB The full polarization property of holographic volume-grating enhanced second-harmonic diffraction (SHD) is investigated theoretically. The nonlinear coefficient is derived from a simple atomic model of the material. By using a simple volume-grating model, the SHD fields and Mueller matrices are first derived. The SHD phase-mismatching effect for a thick sample is analytically investigated. This theory is justified by fitting with published experimental SHD data of thin-film samples. The SHD of an existing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) holographic 2-mm-thick volume-grating sample is investigated. This sample has two strong coupling linear diffraction peaks and five SHD peaks. The splitting of SHD peaks is due to the phase-mismatching effect. The detector sensitivity and laser power needed to measure these peak signals are quantitatively estimated. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, TW (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM twnee@aol.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2510 EP 2518 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.002510 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089CU UT WOS:000240858500015 PM 16985536 ER PT J AU Roy, MJ Kraus, PL Seegers, CA Young, SYN Kamens, DR Law, WA Cherstniakova, SA Chang, DN Cooper, JA Sato, PA Matulich, W Krantz, DS Cantilena, LR Deuster, PA AF Roy, Michael J. Kraus, Patricia L. Seegers, Cynthia A. Young, Sylvia Y. N. Kamens, Deborah R. Law, Wendy A. Cherstniakova, Svetlana A. Chang, David N. Cooper, Jamie A. Sato, Paul A. Matulich, William Krantz, David S. Cantilena, Louis R. Deuster, Patricia A. TI Pyridostigmine, diethyltoluamide, permethrin, and stress: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess safety SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; BROMIDE; DEET; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; COEXPOSURE; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURES; TOXICITY; DISEASE; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether short-term human exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, diethyltoluamide, and permethrin, at rest or under stress, adversely affects short-term physical or neurocognitive performance. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial exposing 64 volunteers to permethrin-impregnated uniforms, diethyltoluamide-containing skin cream, oral pyridostigmine, and corresponding placebos was performed. Each participant had 4 separate sessions, ensuring exposure to all treatments and placebos under both stress and rest conditions in random order. Outcomes included physical performance (handgrip strength and duration, stair climbing, and pull-ups [males] or push-ups [females]), neurocognitive performance (computerized tests), and self-reported adverse effects. RESULTS: Permethrin was undetectable in the serum of all participants; pyridostigmine levels were higher immediately after stress (41.6 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval, 35.1-48.1 ng/mL) than rest (23.0 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval, 19.2-26.9 ng/mL), whereas diethyltoluamide levels did not significantly differ by stress condition. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure Increased significantly with stress compared with rest but did not vary with treatment vs placebo. Physical and neurocognitive outcome measures and self-reported adverse effects did not significantly differ by exposure group. CONCLUSION: Combined, correct use of pyridostigmine, diethyltoluamide, and permethrin is well tolerated and without evidence of short-term physical or neurocognitive Impairment. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Mil Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Epistat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Roy, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Mil Internal Med, Room A3062,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mroy@usuhs.mil RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015; Krantz, David/L-5364-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888; Krantz, David/0000-0002-1671-1355 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1310 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 089ZI UT WOS:000240920000004 PM 17036555 ER PT J AU Mahaptara, RN Varma, SK Lei, CS AF Mahaptara, R. N. Varma, S. K. Lei, C. S. TI Thermal stability and oxidation resistance of Pt-10Al-4Cr alloy at super-high temperatures SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; refractory alloy; weight-gain method; EDS; TEM; SEM; optical microscopy ID BEHAVIOR; SUPERALLOYS AB The isothermal-oxidation behavior of refractory superalloy Pt - 10Al - 4Cr ( in at.%) was investigated up to a period of 312 hr in air from 1200 to 1400 degrees C. A comparison of the oxidation behavior of this alloy with a conventional Ni-base superalloy (Inconel 713C) shows an order of magnitude higher oxidation resistance. This experimental alloy oxidizes by forming Al2O3 and Cr2O3 ( and perhaps trace amounts of PtO) with Al2O3 as the oxide layer in contact with air. Optical and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the microstructure, morphology, and composition of the scale formed after oxidation. The thermal stability of the alloy after extended periods at 1200, 1300, and 1400 degrees C was studied using transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Mat Lab, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Varma, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM skvarma@utep.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s11085-006-9020-3 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 110GF UT WOS:000242365600001 ER PT J AU Monat, JE Wilkinson, J AF Monat, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, John TI PHYS 267-Elucidating and controlling reactions under extreme conditions using ultrafast excitation-probe spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Monat, Jeremy E.; Wilkinson, John] Indian Head Div, Res Technol Dept, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 267-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609184 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Son, KA Waltz, C AF Prokopuk, Nicholas Son, Kyung-ah Waltz, Chad TI INOR 596-Nanocrossbar structures for probing electron tunneling through fluid solvents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Prokopuk, Nicholas; Waltz, Chad] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Son, Kyung-ah] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Nano & Micro Syst Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 596-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781606332 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, Soe-Mie F. TI Errors of Mueller matrix measurements with a partially polarized light source SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; SCATTERING; SURFACES; DEPOLARIZATION; CALIBRATION; POLARIMETER; COMPONENTS AB The linear errors of Mueller matrix measurements, using a partially polarized light source, have been formulated for imperfections of misalignment, depolarization, and nonideal ellipsometric parameters of the polarimetric components. The error matrices for a source-polarizer system and a source-polarizer-compensator system are derived. A polarized light source, when used with an imperfect polarizer, generates extra errors in addition to those for an unpolarized source. The compensator redistributes these errors to different elements of the error matrix. The errors of the Mueller matrices for the polarizer-sample-analyzer and the polarizer-compensator-sample-analyzer systems are evaluated for a straight through case. This error analysis is applied to a Stokes method and an experiment was performed to show the errors by a polarized light source. This general analysis can be used to evaluate errors for ellipsometry and polarimetry. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Phys & Computat Sci Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Biophoton Engn, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM smfnee@aol.com NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 25 BP 6497 EP 6506 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006497 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 079ZR UT WOS:000240216900024 PM 16912788 ER PT J AU Ensign, W Hill, N Heward, CB AF Ensign, Wayne Hill, Nicole Heward, Christopher B. TI Disparate LDL phenotypic classification among 4 different methods assessing LDL particle characteristics SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHOLESTEROL; SUBCLASSES; SINGLE; RISK; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SUBFRACTIONATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Our study seeks to clarify the extent of differences in analytical results, from a clinical perspective, among 4 leading technologies currently used in clinical reference laboratories for the analysis of LDL subfractions: gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), ultra-centrifugation-vertical auto profile (VAP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and tube gel electrophoresis (TGE). Methods: We collected 4 simultaneous blood samples from 40 persons (30 males and 10 females) to determine LDL subclasses in 4 different clinical reference laboratories using different methods for analysis. LDL subfractions were assessed according to LDL particle size and the results categorized according to LDL phenotype. We compared results obtained from the different technologies. Results: We observed substantial heterogeneity of results and interpretations among the 4 methods. Complete agreement among methods with respect to LDL subclass phenotyping occurred in only 8% (n = 3) of the persons studied. NMR and GGE agreed most frequently at 70% (n = 28), whereas VAP matched least often. Conclusions: As measurement of LDL subclasses becomes increasingly important, standardization of methods is needed. Variation among currently available methods renders them unreliable and limits their clinical usefulness. (c) 2006 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 Kronos Sci Labs Inc, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Heward, CB (reprint author), Kronos Sci Labs Inc, 2222 E Highland Ave,Suite 220, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA. EM chris.heward@kronoslaboratory.com NR 33 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1722 EP 1727 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.059949 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 080XV UT WOS:000240282700016 PM 16740651 ER PT J AU Pershing, LK Nelson, JL Corlett, JL Briggs, GB Still, KR Jederberg, WW AF Pershing, Lynn K. Nelson, Joel L. Corlett, Judy L. Briggs, G. Bruce Still, Kenneth R. Jederberg, Warren W. TI Disposition and pharmacokinetics of a lubricant contaminant 2,6-di-tert-butyl 4-nitrophenol, in grafted human skin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human; skin; assay; HPLC; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment; contaminant; DBNP; toxicology; animal model ID ATHYMIC NUDE-MICE; IN-VIVO; PENETRATION; MICONAZOLE; MOUSE; CREAM; MODEL AB Disposition and uptake/elimination profiles of topical 2,6-di-t-butyl, 4-nitrophenol (DBNP), the nitrated metabolite of an antioxidant additive of lubricant and hydraulic fluids was quantified in human skin grafted on athymic mice after a single topical 75 mu g dose in corn oil. DBNP was quantified throughout the stratum corneum (SC), epidermis (E) and dermis (D) in punch biopsies collected from treated skin 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after application. SC samples were harvested from the treated skin with 20 adhesive discs. E and D were generated from the biopsy using a manual sectioning method. Detectable DBNP concentrations were measured in all skin compartments at all time points investigated. The C.of DBNP in SC was 1663 +/- 602 mu g cm(-1), and similar to 30 and similar to 300 fold greater than the C-max for E and D, respectively. T.R. occurred at 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0 in the SC, E and D, respectively. Over a 24 h interval (AUCO-24h) there was 52 and 520 fold more DBNP in the SC than E and D, respectively. The elimination half-life of DBNP was It h from the SC and 9 h from both E and D. Thus, DBMP was quickly absorbed into the outermost layer of skin and established a steep concentration profile through human skin. The data are consistent with the vast majority of DBNP remaining on the surface (77%) or within human skin (15%) in vivo with only 0.2% of the DBNP dose quantified in the systemic blood circulation. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Detachment NHRC TD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pershing, LK (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM Lynn.Pershing@hsc.utah.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1002/jat.1153 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 086JE UT WOS:000240668800003 PM 16835940 ER PT J AU Shan, JW Atsavapranee, P Chang, PA Wilson, WM Verosoto, S AF Shan, Jerry W. Atsavapranee, Paisan Chang, Peter A. Wilson, Wesley M. Verosoto, Stephan TI Characteristics of fuel droplets discharged from a compensated fuel/ballast tank SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IMMISCIBLE INTERFACE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FLOW; JET AB Fuel droplets, formed by the interaction of fuel plumes with a water/fuel interface, can be discharged during the refueling of water-filled compensated fuel/ballast tanks. Motivated by increasingly stringent environmental regulations, a study was initiated to understand the physical mechanisms involved in the formation and transport of fuel droplets by complex immiscible flows inside a model tank. In particular optical measurements were made of the size distribution of fuel droplets in water discharged from a three-bay model of a compensated fuel/ballast tank. The volumetric fuel concentration of discharge from the tank was inferred from measurements of droplet size and number. Flow visualizations inside the model were coupled to optical measurements of fuel droplets at the tank outlet to show that the presence of fuel in the discharged water was correlated to the formation of fuel plumes within the water-filled tank. The size distribution of fuel droplets at the tank exit is found to differ from the size distribution reported, for the generation zone (near the fuel plumes) inside the tank. Thus, the advection of fuel droplets from the generation zone to the tank outlet is shown to affect the characteristics of discharged fuel droplets. The transport process specifically prevents large-diameter droplets from reaching the tank exit. Buoyancy tends to cause larger fuel droplets generated within the tank to rise and separate out of the flow before they can be discharged. The buoyancy time, tau(b)(D), relative to the characteristic advection time, tau(a), of fuel droplets is a key parameter in predicting the fate of fuel droplets. The influence of buoyancy on the size distribution of discharged droplets was found to be modeled reasonably well by a Butterworth filter that depends on the ratio of timescales tau(a)/tau(b)(D). This model, which relates the size distribution of discharged droplets to generated droplets, is found to produce the correct qualitative behavior that larger fuel droplets are discharged when the fuel plumes move closer to the tank exit, i.e., for decreasing advection time tau(a). C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shan, JW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 893 EP 902 DI 10.1115/1.2234780 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 088JL UT WOS:000240807900001 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Garrett, CM Jederberg, WW Wilfong, ER McDougal, JN AF Arfsten, Darryl P. Garrett, Carol M. Jederberg, Warren W. Wilfong, Erin R. McDougal, James N. TI Characterization of the skin penetration of a hydrocarbon-based weapons maintenance oil SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Break-Free CLP; dermal penetration; dermal toxicity; dibasic esters; polyalphaolefin ID BREAK-FREE CLP(R); PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; PERMEABILITY; INVITRO; DERMATITIS; THICKNESS; TOXICITY; SITES; RISK; RAT AB Break-Free CLP is a commercial petroleum-based liquid used for cleaning, lubricating, and protecting firearms that is used in the United States by military personnel, police, and individual gun owners for maintaining a wide variety of firearms. According to its material safety data sheet (MSDS), Break-Free CLP is predominately polyalphaolefin oil but also contains dibasic ester and isoparaffinic hydrocarbons; all of these ingredients are known to induce skin irritation in laboratory animals. Studies completed in our labs found that repeated topical application of Break-Free CLP to the backs of CD-1 mice produced evidence of systemic effects. Studies were conducted to characterize the dermal penetration of Break-Free CLP in mouse, rat, and pig skin to provide insight on possible factors or causes of skin irritation and systemic effects observed in previous studies. Mouse skin was 37 times more permeable to Break-Free CLP than pig skin and 6 times more permeable than rat skin. Flux measurements from static diftusion cells showed an inverse correlation with mouse, rat, and pig skin thickness. The concentration of Break-Free CLP in mouse skin was 4.5 times higher than the amount found in rat skin and about 17 times higher than the amount absorbed by pig skin. These results support the idea that Break-Free CLP causes skin irritation and systemic effects in the mouse by both penetrating through and accumulating in the skin. The findings for rat and pig skin are probably most representative of Break-Free CLP flux into and through unprotected human skin and suggest that dermal toxicity studies in CD-I mice overestimate the risk to humans. These results nevertheless, suggest that persons handling or using Break-free CLP should protect the skin from possible exposure. C1 Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Navy Drug Screening Lab Jacksonville, Bldg H-2033,POB 113,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darfsten@dljOnds1.med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 9 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1080/15459620600819832 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 072XX UT WOS:000239707600004 PM 16801258 ER PT J AU Washburn, EB Beckstead, MW AF Washburn, Ephraim B. Beckstead, Merrill W. TI Modeling multiphase effects in the combustion of HMX and RDX SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 40th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID 2-PHASE FLOW; PROPELLANT COMBUSTION; EIGENVALUE METHOD; BURNING RATES; DEFLAGRATION; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; NITRAMINES; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY AB Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) have similar structures and burning rates. However, the burning-rate temperature sensitivity (sigma(p)) is significantly different between RDX and HMX at low pressures. Recent efforts to mathematically model the steady-state combustion of RDX and HMX with detailed chemical kinetics in the gas phase and distributed decomposition in the condensed phase have succeeded in modeling burning rates at a specific initial temperature. However, all have underpredicted the sigma(p) trends of HMX at low pressure and have not differentiated the sigma(p) of RDX and HMX. RDX and HMX both burn with a thin multiphase surface of bubbles in liquid. A liquid-bubble submodel was developed to improve sigma(p) calculations. To predict the observed HMX sigma(p) values with the model, first, evaporation in the subsurface was limited near the gas/liquid surface. Second, the difference in surface temperature at different initial temperatures was adjusted to follow trends in experimental data. Third, the Marangoni effect was added to the calculation of the bubble velocities. For RDX, there was little change in the calculated sigma(p) values with the addition of the liquid-bubble submodel. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Energet Res Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Washburn, EB (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Energet Res Div, MS 6204, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Ephraim.Washbum@navy.mil NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 938 EP 946 DI 10.2514/1.12689 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 086JX UT WOS:000240670700002 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Macera, CA Trone, DW Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Macera, Caroline A. Trone, Daniel W. Shaffer, Richard A. Brodine, Stephanie K. TI Epidemiology of stress fracture and lower-extremity overuse injury in female recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE fitness; menstrual irregularities; military training; overuse syndrome; prospective cohort ID RISK-FACTORS; BONE-DENSITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; ARMY RECRUITS; WOMEN; EXERCISE; RESISTANCE; TRAINEES; RUNNERS AB Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to examine rates and risk factors for overuse injuries among 824 women during Marine Corps Recruit Depot basic training at Parris Island, SC, in 1999. Methods: Data collected included training day exposures (TDE), baseline performance on a standardized 1.5-mile timed run, and a pretraining questionnaire highlighting exercise and health habits. The women were followed during training for occurrence of stress fracture and other lower-extremity overuse injury. Results: There were 868 lower-extremity overuse injuries for an overall injury rate of 12.6/1000 TDE. Rates for initial and subsequent injury were 8.7/1000 and 20.7/1000 TDE, respectively. There were 66 confirmed lower-extremity stress fractures among 56 (6.8%) women (1.0/1000 TDE). Logistic regression modeling indicated that low aerobic fitness (a slower time on the timed run (> 14.4 min)), no menses in six or more consecutive months during the past year, and less than 7 months of lower-extremity weight training were significantly associated with stress fracture incidence. Self-rated fair-poor fitness at baseline was the only variable significantly associated with other non-stress fracture overuse injury during basic training. Conclusions: Among this sample of women, the risk of lower-extremity overuse injury was high, with a twofold risk of subsequent injury. The results suggest that stress fracture injury might be decreased if women entered training with high aerobic fitness and participated frequently in lower-extremity strength training. Furthermore, women reporting a history of menstrual irregularity at their initial medical exam may require closer observation during basic training. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Grad Program Orthopaed & Sports Phys Therapy, Provo, UT USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM trone@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1571 EP 1577 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000227543.51293.9d PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 083BE UT WOS:000240430100006 PM 16960517 ER PT J AU Morris, RE Evans, T Hughes, JM Colbert, JE AF Morris, Robert E. Evans, Thomas Hughes, Janet M. Colbert, John E. TI Examination of liquid-phase oxidation of jet fuel at operational temperatures SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; JP-5; copper; thermal stability; autoxidation; thermal oxidation; metal deactivator additive; metal deactivators AB To gain a more complete understanding of the relevance of laboratory testing to predict fuel stability in advanced jet engine designs, the Navy single tube reactor (STR) was employed to examine the impact of copper contamination on fuel oxidation at fuel temperatures closer to operational limits. Oxygen consumption during autoxidation, in the presence of dissolved copper, was similar in both the STR and the standard jet fuel oxidation test at higher temperatures, although differences in flow rates and residence times were evident. By contrast, copper was innocuous in promoting the formation of thermal deposits at lower temperatures in the STR, up to approximately 170 degrees C, after which rapid deposition occurred. This deposition was accompanied by depletion of copper in the fuel, except in the presence of selected additives. In addition to suppressing oxidation, limiting available oxygen also suppressed copper depletion. The findings of this study indicate that as bulk fuel design temperatures continue to increase, copper contamination may begin to be a greater factor in contributing to the accumulation of deleterious thermal deposits within advanced jet engine fuel systems. However, the results also indicate that additives containing metal deactivators could play a useful role in mediating the impact of copper contamination on thermal deposition within fuel system components. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA USA. W Springfield High Sch, Springfield, VA USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6181,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1097 EP 1113 DI 10.1081/LFT-200048190 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 080GE UT WOS:000240235100010 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Halterman, K Overfelt, PL AF Feng, Simin Halterman, Klaus Overfelt, Pamela L. TI Subwavelength fractional Talbot effect in layered heterostructures of composite metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE INDEX; WAVE-PACKET; DIFFRACTION; NANOFILMS; REVIVALS; BANDGAP; MEDIA; MODES AB We demonstrate that under certain conditions, fractional Talbot revivals can occur in heterostructures of composite metamaterials, such as multilayer positive- and negative-index media, metallodielectric stacks, and one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals. Without recourse to the paraxial approximation, we also obtain Talbot images for the feature sizes of transverse patterns smaller than the illumination wavelength. A general expression for the Talbot distance in such structures is derived, and the conditions favorable for observing Talbot effects in layered heterostructures are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 036612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036612 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HD UT WOS:000240870300084 ER PT J AU Huebner, J AF Huebner, Jonathan TI Looking ahead: A visible end to innovation? I think not - Discussion of Coates' commentary SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Joseph Coates argues against the analysis presented in "A Possible Declining Trend for Worldwide Innovation" in a commentary published in Research-Technology Management. His arguments display a lack of understanding of this analysis, a lack of supporting data and an ignorance of the information contained in Bunch and Hellemans' reference work that forms the foundation for the analysis. A response is provided to these arguments with clarifications of the original analysis, as others may have the same misconceptions as Coates. (c) 2006 Elsevier BV All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, ANGEL Program, China Lake, CA USA. RP Huebner, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, ANGEL Program, China Lake, CA USA. EM jhuebner@ridgecrest.ca.us NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 73 IS 7 BP 906 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2006.05.003 PG 7 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 076TP UT WOS:000239981000010 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Booth-Kewley, S Highfill-McRoy, RM AF Larson, Gerald E. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. TI Mental health after deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID DISORDERS; ATTRITION C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM larson@nhrc.navy.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 514 EP 515 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.514-b PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900011 PM 16882955 ER PT J AU Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G Laud, P AF Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G Laud, P TI Trabecular bone density of male human cervical and lumbar vertebrae SO BONE LA English DT Article DE neck vertebra; bone mineral density; low back vertebra; QCT; asymptomatic subjects ID QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; MINERAL DENSITY; IN-VITRO; FINITE-ELEMENT; SPINAL TRAUMA; CT; AGE; PREDICTION AB The objective of this study was to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) of cervical vertebrae and correlate with the lumbar spine. Fifty-seven young adult healthy male volunteers, ranging from 18 to 41 years of age, underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scanning of C2-T1 and L2-L4 vertebrae. To account for correlations, repeated measures techniques were used to compare data as a function of spinal level and. region. Linear regression methods were used (+/- 95% CI) to compare data as a function of spinal level and region. The mean age and body height were 25.0 +/- 5.8 years and 181.0 +/- 7.6 cm. BMD decreased from the rostral to caudal direction along the spinal column. Grouped data indicated that the neck is the densest followed by the first thoracic vertebra and low back with mean BMD of 256.0 +/- 48.1, 194.3 +/- 44.2, and 172.2 +/- 28.4 mg/cm(3), respectively; differences were statistically significant. While BMD did not vary significantly between the three lumbar bodies, neck vertebrae demonstrated significant trends. The matrix of correlation coefficients between BMD and spinal level indicated that the relationship is strong in the lumbar (r = 0.92-0.96) and cervical (r = 0.73-0.92) spines. Data from the present study show that the trabecular bony architecture of the neck is significantly different from the low back. These quantitative BMD data from a controlled young adult healthy human male volunteer population may be valuable in establishing normative data specifically for the neck. From a trabecular bone density perspective, these results indicate that lumbar vertebrae cannot act as the best surrogates for neck vertebrae. Significant variations in densities among neck vertebrae, unlike the low back counterpart, may underscore the need to treat these bones as different structures. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA. RP Yoganandan, N (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM yoga@mcw.edu NR 70 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.160 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 059BN UT WOS:000238708400014 PM 16580272 ER PT J AU Galarneau, MR Hancock, WC Konoske, P Melcer, T Vickers, RR Walker, GJ Zouris, JM AF Galarneau, Michael R. Hancock, William C. Konoske, Paula Melcer, Ted Vickers, Ross R. Walker, G. Jay Zouris, James M. TI The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. military services, drawing on the experiences of civilian trauma systems in monitoring trauma care delivery, have begun to implement their own registries, emphasizing injury incidence and severity in a combat environment. This article introduces and describes the development of the U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry and presents several preliminary inquiries of its database regarding combat injury patterns and casualty management during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is composed of data sets describing events that occur from the point of injury through the medical chain of evacuation and on to long-term rehabilitative outcomes. Data were collected from Navy-Marine Corps level IB, 2, and 3 medical treatment facilities. Data from the official combat period were analyzed to present a variety of preliminary findings that indicate, among other things, how many and for what type of injury casualties were evacuated, specific mechanisms of injury, and types of injuries treated at the medical treatment facilities. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MTS Technol, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Galarneau, MR (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 2 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 691 EP 697 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800002 PM 16933807 ER PT J AU Patel, S Maves, R Barrozo, CP Mullens, F Russell, K Truett, A Deroo, T AF Patel, Sugat Maves, Ryan Barrozo, Christopher P. Mullens, Frank Russell, Kevin Truett, April Deroo, Teresa TI Mycotic pseudoaneurysm and purulent pericarditis attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTED AORTIC-ANEURYSMS; THORACIC AORTA; EXPERIENCE; CLONES AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is now a common isolate of community-acquired staphylococcal infections. We present the first case of concomitant mycotic pseudoaneurysm and purulent pericarditis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The isolate was found to be SCCmec type I, sequence type 8, and to carry the PVL gene. The patient was successfully treated with a combined surgical and medical approach. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def,Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Patel, S (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 784 EP 787 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800019 PM 16933824 ER PT J AU Cenko, A AF Cenko, A. TI One CFD calculation to end point flight testing - (Has CFD finally replaced the wind tunnel?) SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Any time a new aircraft is introduced into service, or an old aircraft undergoes substantial modifications or needs to be certified to carry and employ new stores, the store separation engineer is faced with a decision about how much effort will be required to provide an airworthiness certification for the aircraft and stores. Generally, there are three approaches that have been used: wind-tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses and flight testing. During the past twenty years there have been considerable advances in all three areas. In particular, there has been a considerable improvement in the speed and validity of CFD results for store separation. The Holy Grail of CFD has long been the reduction/replacement of wind-tunnel testing. This would mean in store separation the ability to go from a CFD calculation to flight testing at the end point. The paper will describe how this was achieved for the F/A-18C/Litening pod program. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cenko, A (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1109 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 077ZT UT WOS:000240071200004 ER PT J AU Oweis, GF Fry, D Chesnakas, CJ Jessup, SD Ceccio, SL AF Oweis, Ghanem F. Fry, David Chesnakas, Chris J. Jessup, Stuart D. Ceccio, Steven L. TI Development of a tip-leakage flow - Part 1: The flow over a range of Reynolds numbers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VORTEX PAIRS; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; NOISE AB An extensive experimental investigation was carried out to examine the tip-leakage flow on ducted propulsors. The flow field around three-bladed, ducted rotors operating in uniform inflow was measured in detail with three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimetry and planar particle imaging velocimetry. Two geometrically similar ducted rotors were tested over a Reynolds number range from 0.7 X 10(6) to 9.2 X 10(6) in order to determine how the tip-leakage flow varied with Reynolds number. An identification procedure was used to discern and quantify regions of concentrated vorticity in instantaneous flow fields. Multiple vortices were identified in the wake of the blade tip, with the largest vortex being associated with the tip-leakage flow, and the secondary vortices being associated with the trailing edge vortex and other blade-wake vortices. The evolution of identified vortex quantities with downstream distance is examined. It was found that the strength and core size of the vortices are weakly dependent on Reynolds number but there are indications that they are affected by variations in the inflowing wall boundary layer on the duct. The core size of the tip-leakage vortex does not vary strongly with varying boundary layer thickness on the blades. Instead, its dimension is on the order of the tip clearance. There is significant flow variability for all Reynolds numbers and rotor configurations. Scaled velocity fluctuations near the axis of the primary vortex increase significantly with downstream distance, suggesting the presence of spatially uncorrelated fine scale secondary vortices and the possible existence of three-dimensional vortex-vortex interactions. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Oweis, GF (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Mech Engn, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plz, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM ceccio@engin.umich.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 751 EP 764 DI 10.1115/1.2201616 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 069AZ UT WOS:000239418300012 ER PT J AU Oweis, GF Fry, D Chesnakas, CJ Jessup, SD Ceccio, SL AF Oweis, Ghanem F. Fry, David Chesnakas, Chris J. Jessup, Stuart D. Ceccio, Steven L. TI Development of a tip-leakage flow - Part 2: Comparison between the ducted and un-ducted rotor SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CAVITATION; VORTICES AB The vortical flow in the tip region of a three-bladed rotor was examined using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). The vortex forming at the tip of the un-ducted propeller was compared to the tip-leakage vortex of the ducted rotor. The planar flow fields were used to identify regions of concentrated vorticity and determine instantaneous vortex properties, revealing the presence of a primary tip-leakage vortex surrounded by a number of secondary vortices. Comparison between the ducted and un-ducted rotor indicated that the presence of the duct reduced the relative strength of the primary tip vortex, making its strength a smaller fraction of the overall shed circulation near the tip. The weaker tip-leakage vortex then became closer in strength to the other secondary vortices in the tip-flow region. However, for the rotor tip geometry considered here, the radius of the primary vortex core did not vary substantially between the ducted and un-ducted cases. The variability of the flow was larger for the ducted case, in terms of the primary vortex position, its identified circulation, core size, and inferred core pressure. This variability was also observed in the scaled velocity fluctuations near the core of the vortex. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Oweis, GF (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Mech Engn, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plz, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM ceccio@engin.umich.edu NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1115/1.2201619 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 069AZ UT WOS:000239418300013 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Lance, VA Elsey, RM AF Seltzer, MD Lance, VA Elsey, RM TI Laser ablation ICP-MS analysis of the radial distribution of lead in the femur of Alligator mississipiensis SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; ICP-MS; bone; lead; alligators ID CROCODILES CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; OSTEODERMS; BONE; LOUISIANA; JOHNSTONI; PATTERNS AB A laser ablation ICP-MS technique has been used to examine the radial distribution of lead in transverse sections of alligator femur. Annual bone growth in the femur results in the deposition of incremental layers of calcified tissue at the periphery of existing bone. Patterns of lead concentration within these layers provide a record of time-dependent accumulation from which exposure history can potentially be deduced. Femur specimens obtained from captive-reared alligators exhibited levels of lead accumulation that were entirely consistent with previously documented clinical signs of lead intoxication. In contrast, femurs obtained from wild alligators contained only minor amounts of lead that were likely accumulated as a result of incidental exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, Code 498230D,1900 N Know Rd,STOP 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 363 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.024 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 058OQ UT WOS:000238674700024 PM 15982720 ER PT J AU Vora, GJ Lin, BC Gratwick, K Meador, C Hansen, C Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Irvine, M Seto, D Purkayastha, A Freed, NE Gibson, MG Russell, K Metzgar, D AF Vora, GJ Lin, BC Gratwick, K Meador, C Hansen, C Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA Irvine, M Seto, D Purkayastha, A Freed, NE Gibson, MG Russell, K Metzgar, D TI Co-infections of adenovirus species in previously vaccinated patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; C ADENOVIRUSES; FIBER GENE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; HEMAGGLUTINATION AB Despite the success of the adenovirus vaccine administered to US military trainees, acute respiratory disease (ARD) surveillance still detected breakthrough infections (respiratory illnesses associated with the adenovirus serotypes specifically targeted by the vaccine). To explore the role of adenoviral co-infection (simultaneous infection by multiple pathogenic adenovirus species) in breakthrough disease, we examined specimens from patients with ARD by using 3 methods to detect multiple adenoviral species: a DNA microarray, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a multiplex PCR assay. Analysis of 52 samples (21 vaccinated, 31 unvaccinated) collected from 1996 to 2000 showed that all vaccinated samples had co-infections. Most of these coinfections were community-acquired serotypes of species B1 and E. Unvaccinated samples primarily contained only 1 species (species E) associated with adult respiratory illness. This study highlights the rarely reported phenomenon of adenoviral co-infections in a clinically relevant environment suitable for the generation of new recombinational variants. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. Virapur LLC, San Diego, CA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 921 EP 930 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 046RY UT WOS:000237829900007 PM 16707047 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS AF Asvestas, JS TI Radiation of a coaxial line into a half-space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary-integral equations (BIEs); coaxial-line radiation; method of moments (MoM); modal basis functions; modal testing functions ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ARRAYS AB We present a new approach to the problem of radiation by a coaxial line into a half-space. We obtain boundary-integral equations for the current densities over the walls of the coax and its opening to the half-space. Using the modes of the coax for basis and testing functions, we convert the integral equations to an infinite system of linear equations, the unknowns being the coefficients of the current density expansions. We demonstrate how, by solving a small subsystem, we can obtain the fields everywhere in space. C1 NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Code 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1624 EP 1631 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.875479 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 052KK UT WOS:000238232400002 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Mccullough, W Mcnamara, MF Olsen, C AF Haas, David M. McCullough, William McNamara, Michael F. Olsen, Cara TI The first 48 hours: Comparing 12-hour and 24-hour betamethasone dosing when preterm deliveries occur rapidly SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE betamethasone; preterm delivery; antenatal corticosteroids; neonatal outcomes ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PREVENTION; REGIMENS; THERAPY AB Objective. To compare neonatal outcomes when dosing betamethasone every 12 hours compared to the standard 24-hour dosing regimen when premature deliveries occur within 48 hours of presentation. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on preterm deliveries from January 1, 1996 to July 1, 2000. Deliveries that occurred less than 48 hours after initiation of antenatal steroids were analyzed for neonatal outcomes. Results. Betamethasone was given to 562 women, of whom 166 delivered less than 48 hours after beginning therapy. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant use, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal death, or other outcomes between the two groups. The only statistically significant difference between the two groups was for venous cord blood pH (7.27 vs. 7.32, p = 0.01). Separating the results into delivery from 0-24 and 24-48 hour groups, there were no significant differences between the 12-hour and 24-hour dosing groups, although small sample size limited conclusions. Conclusion. Dosing betamethasone in 12-hour intervals may result in similar neonatal outcomes compared to the standard 24-hour regimen when delivery occurs within 48 hours of therapy initiation. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Biostat Consulting Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Wishard Mem Hosp, Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St,F-5, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM haasdt@pol.net NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1080/14767050600715873 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 065IP UT WOS:000239153700009 PM 16801314 ER PT J AU Lua, J Hess, PE AF Lua, J Hess, PE TI First-failure-based reliability assessment and sensitivity analysis of a naval vessel under hogging SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SURFACE APPROACH; STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY; SAFETY; LOADS; SHIPS AB PULSTR, a probabilistic version of ULTSTR (ULTimate STRength), has been developed to perform probabilistic analysis and reliability-based design of a hull-girder under longitudinal bending. The ULTSTR deterministic solver has been integrated with a probabilistic integrator based on either the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) or the first-order reliability method (FORM). In order to explore the remaining safety margin after the first-failure and the dominant failure mode and failure location, the hull reliability model is formulated based on its initial failure moment. A hybrid (MCS/FORM) solution approach is employed to assess the hull reliability associated with the first failure, such as panel/stiffener buckling and stiffener tripping in the reduced random variable space. An adaptive response surface module is developed and used to extract the first-order reliability sensitivity in the full random variable space based on the MCS results of the hybrid approach. The dominant failure mode, remaining safety margin after the first failure, and the use of sensitivity factors for making design decisions are illustrated via an example application of a Navy combatant hull girder under hogging. C1 Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lua, J (reprint author), Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 158 EP 170 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 050DK UT WOS:000238067500005 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ AF Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ TI Nonlinear ship-wave interaction model, part 2: Ship boundary condition SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUMANN-KELVIN PROBLEM; WATER AB One of the main problems in modeling ship-wave hydrodynamics is solving for the forcing (pressure) at the ship boundary. With an arbitrary ship, singularities occur in evaluating the velocity potential and the velocities on the hull. Inaccuracies in the evaluation of the singular terms in the velocity potential result in discretization errors, numerical errors, and excessive computational costs. In this paper we present a new approach to evaluating the pressure on a ship: evaluating the pressure in the ship normal vector coordinate system. The main advantage of this approach is that p is a smooth function in the ship normal vector coordinate system, enabling us to obtain accurate results very efficiently (i.e., with much less CPU time) without encountering numerical difficulties arising from possible singularities. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 050DK UT WOS:000238067500007 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Smith, TC Smith, B Wang, LZ Hansen, CJ Goldfinger, WE Corbeil, TE Spooner, CN Ryan, MAK AF Wells, TS Smith, TC Smith, B Wang, LZ Hansen, CJ Goldfinger, WE Corbeil, TE Spooner, CN Ryan, MAK TI Mefloquine use and hospitalizations among us service members, 2002-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; NONIMMUNE TRAVELERS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACUTE-PSYCHOSIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; PROGUANIL; SOLDIERS AB The safety of mefloquine has not been well described in military populations. This study used standard military databases for mefloquine prescriptions and hospitalizations to investigate mefloquine safety among US service members from 2002 through 2004. Mefloquine-prescribed and deployed personnel (N = 8,858) were compared with two reference groups. The reference groups comprised US service members who were not prescribed mefloquine and resided in Europe or Japan (N = 156,203) or had been otherwise deployed (N = 232,381). In comparison with active-duty US service members residing in Europe or Japan, mefloquine-prescribed service members were at statistically significant decreased hazard for any-cause hospitalization, as well as diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue diseases, injuries and poisonings, ill-defined conditions, and mood disorders. These results suggest there is no association between mefloquine prescriptions and severe health effects, as measured by hospitalizations, across a wide range of outcomes. C1 USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 744 EP 749 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 041GA UT WOS:000237441100010 PM 16687673 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Tanen, DA AF Matteucci, MJ Tanen, DA TI Response to: To dive or not to dive? Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to prevent neurologic sequelae in patients acutely poisoned with carbon monoxide SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 47 IS 5 BP 504 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.11.047 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 037QV UT WOS:000237162900024 PM 16631992 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Zhu, KM Levin, LI Gorham, E Levine, RS Shah, M Potter, J AF Wu, HY Zhu, KM Levin, LI Gorham, E Levine, RS Shah, M Potter, J TI Self-reported hepatitis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An analysis according to the time since hepatitis diagnosis SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-Hodgkin lymphoma; risk factors; hepatitis; case-control study ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; MEDICAL HISTORY; CLASSIFICATION; PREVALENCE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CANCERS AB PURPOSE: Using data from the Selected Cancers Study, the authors tested whether the association between hepatitis infection and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) varied according to the time since the diagnosis of hepatitis. METHODS: Cases were 1177 men ages 32-60 diagnosed with NHL between 1984 and 1988. Controls were men with no history of NHL who were frequency-matched to lymphoma cases by age and cancer registry (n = 1852). Interviews were conducted to collect data on risk factors including history of hepatitis. No information on types of hepatitis was obtained. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses indicated that history of hepatitis diagnosed 3 or more years prior to the reference date was not a significant risk factor for NHL (OR [odds ratio] = 0.92, 95% Cl: 0.63-1.35). In contrast, men with a history of hepatitis diagnosed within 3 years prior to the diagnosis date had more than a five-fold increased risk of NHL (OR = 5.77, 95% CL 1.99-16.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was limited by lack of information on different types of hepatitis, the increased OR for hepatitis diagnosed more closely to the NHL diagnosis suggests that the reported association between hepatitis and NHL might partly result from increased detection of NHL in patients with recently reported hepatitis virus infection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Natl Ctr Primary Care, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Wu, HY (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW Bldg 1,Suite E-111, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Hongyu.Wu@na.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.003 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 043AG UT WOS:000237571100013 PM 16246581 ER PT J AU Ponganis, PJ Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Baranov, EA AF Ponganis, PJ Stockard, TK Levenson, DH Berg, L Baranov, EA TI Cardiac output and muscle blood flow during rest-associated apneas of elephant seals SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apnea; cardiac output; heart rate; laser Doppler flow; muscle; seal; stroke volume; temperature ID LASER-DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; HARBOR SEAL; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; MINIATURE SWINE; STROKE VOLUME; HEART-RATE; PUPS; CIRCULATION; RESPONSES AB In order to evaluate hemodynamics and blood flow during rest-associated apnea in young elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), cardiac outputs (CO, thermodilution), heart rates (HR), and muscle blood flow (MBF, laser Doppler flowmetry) were measured.. Mean apneic COs and HRs of three seals were 46% and 39% less than eupneic values, respectively (2.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.1 mL kg(-1) s(-1), and 54 6 vs. 89 14 beats min(-1)). The mean apneic stroke volume (SV) was not significantly different from the eupneic value (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.5 mL kg(-1)). Mean apneic MBF of three seals was 51% of the eupneic value. The decline in MBF during apnea was gradual, and variable in both rate and magnitude. In contrast to values previously documented in seals during forced submersions (FS), CO and SV during rest-associated apneas were maintained at levels characteristic of previously published values in similarly-sized terrestrial mammals at rest. Apneic COs of such magnitude and incomplete muscle ischemia during the apnea suggest that (1) most organs are not ischemic during rest-associated apneas, (2) the blood O-2 depletion rate is greater during rest-associated apneas than during FS, and (3) the blood O-2 store is not completely isolated from muscle during rest-associated apneas. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Siberian Div, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 144 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.009 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 046UG UT WOS:000237836000014 PM 16574449 ER PT J AU Butterwick, KJ Bevin, AA Iyer, S AF Butterwick, KJ Bevin, AA Iyer, S TI Fat transplantation using fresh versus frozen fat: A side-by-side two-hand comparison pilot study SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND Autologous fat in both fresh and frozen forms has been used for many years as a filler for various dermatologic conditions. However, it is not clear whether fat that has been frozen survives as well as, and gives aesthetic results similar to, fresh fat. The efficacy of frozen fat has been debated in the literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical aesthetic appearance and longevity of fresh fat versus frozen fat in a side-by-side two-hand comparison in the same patient. METHODS Ten patients underwent fat augmentation on their hands, utilizing 10 cc of fresh fat in one hand and 10 cc of frozen fat in the contralateral hand within 17 days of fresh fat placement. Follow-up evaluation was conducted at 1, 3, and 5 months in a randomized, double-blind comparison study. Physician-determined aesthetic preference, prominence of veins, and depth of metacarpal spaces were evaluated. Photographs were taken of both hands during each patient follow-up visit. RESULTS All three areas of physician-assessed gradation: aesthetics, vein prominence, and depth of metacarpal space were superior for the hand injected with frozen fat at 1-, 3-, and 5-month follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study supports the use of autologous frozen fat for equivalent to improved results regarding longevity and aesthetic appearance versus fresh fat at 1, 3, and 5 months for fat augmentation of aging hands. C1 Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. Adv Dermatol & Cosmet Care, Valencia, CA USA. RP Butterwick, KJ (reprint author), Dermatol Cosmet Laser Associates La Jolla Inc, 7630 Fay Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM drbutterwick@spa-md.com NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.32135.x PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 040ZC UT WOS:000237421300006 PM 16706758 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Holmes, JF Leivis, D Battistella, F AF Antevil, JL Holmes, JF Leivis, D Battistella, F TI Successful anglographic embolization of bleeding into the chest wall after blunt thoracic trauma SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY C1 NMCSD, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Trauma Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Antevil, JL (reprint author), NMCSD, Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM docantevil@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2006 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1118 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000196326.38754.da PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 044NB UT WOS:000237678100041 PM 16688080 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Rauh, MJ Trone, DW AF Macera, Caroline A. Rauh, Mitchell J. Trone, Daniel W. TI Rates and Risk Factors for Overuse Injury among Female Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Rauh, Mitchell J.; Trone, Daniel W.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM cmacera@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S348 EP S348 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01484 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070802661 ER PT J AU Sucec, AA Hodgdon, JA Hazard, AA Roy, BA AF Sucec, Anthony A. Hodgdon, James A. Hazard, Allen A. Roy, Brad A. TI Body Mass and Lean Body Mass Loss During Residence at Moderate Altitude (2,450 M) in Female and Male Runners SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sucec, Anthony A.; Hazard, Allen A.; Roy, Brad A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hodgdon, James A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM tsucec@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP S524 EP S524 DI 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02188 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KH UT WOS:000208070803583 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Hanley, K Schultz, R Lewis, M Freed, NE Ellis, M Ngauy, V Stoebner, R Ryan, M Russell, K AF Fuller, Julie Hanley, Keith Schultz, Robert Lewis, Michael Freed, Nikki E. Ellis, Michael Ngauy, Viseth Stoebner, Richard Ryan, Margaret Russell, Kevin TI Surveillance for febrile respiratory infections during Cobra Gold 2003 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Naval Environmental and Health Conference CY MAR 16-26, 2004 CL Chesapeake, VA ID SARS AB The Naval Health Research Center conducted laboratory-based surveillance for febrile respiratory infections at the 2003 Cobra Gold Exercise in Thailand. Seventeen individuals met the case definition for febrile respiratory illness, and diagnostic specimens were obtained from 16. Laboratory testing identified influenza A for 44%; sequence analysis demonstrated that these were Fujian-like influenza strains, which represented the predominant strain found globally in 2003/2004. Other pathogens identified included coronavirus OC43, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. Logistical challenges were overcome as laboratory-supported febrile respiratory illness surveillance was conducted during a military training exercise. With heightened concern over the potential for another global influenza pandemic, such surveillance could prove critical for the detection of emerging influenza and respiratory pathogen strains with potential for importation to the United States. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. III Marine Expeditionary Force, FPO, AP 96606 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, FPO, AP 96546 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 171 IS 5 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 041ZR UT WOS:000237496800004 PM 16761881 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DH Riffenburgh, RH AF Hunsaker, DH Riffenburgh, RH TI Snoring significance in patients undergoing home sleep studies SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; MEN AB Objective: To analyze the impact of snoring, independent of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on patients referred for home sleep Studies and to report a new technology for the reporting of snoring, using sophisticated sound collection and noise-canceling technology. Study Design and Setting: A retrospective statistical review of consecutive anonymous data compiled from questionnaires and digital data of snoring loudness and duration measured at the upper tip during unattended home sleep studies in 4,860 patients referred for snoring and sleep-disturbed breathing. Results: A strong relationship exists between a history of snoring and complaints of daytime sleepiness (80%), obesity (73%), and chronic fatigue (78%) (all yield P<0.001). By contrast, only 42% to 48% of patients without these symptoms complain of snoring. In 3 multiple-regression analyses, the percent of time snoring, average loudness, and peak loudness are all significantly predicted by the apnea hypopnea index (all P<0.003), body mass index (all P<0.001). and age (P=0.014). Daytime sleepiness was strongly predicted by percent time snoring (P=0.014), weakly by average loudness (P=0.046), and not at all by peak loudness (P=0.303). Conclusion: By using a pair of microphones placed at the upper lip, one that samples breath sounds and the other ambient sound and artifact noise, the NovaSOM QSG measures snoring while canceling ambient noise. The clinical impact of snoring on the patient as well as the bed partner, independent of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is an unrecognized factor in sleep-disturbed breathing. Significance: Measurable criteria to define snoring are suggested. Snoring loudness is not measured in most laboratory Polysomnograms. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hunsaker, DH (reprint author), 5121 San Aquario Dr, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM tripwest@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 134 IS 5 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.01.017 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 039ZH UT WOS:000237347200009 PM 16647530 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM TI First principles calculation of the mechanical compression of two organic molecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; BETA-CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENE TETRANITRAMINE; AB-INITIO; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ELECTRON-GAS; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; REFINEMENT; EXCHANGE AB The mechanical compression curves for the organic molecular crystals 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene and beta-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (beta-HMX) are calculated using the Hartree-Fock approximation to the solutions of the many-body Schrodinger equation for a periodic system as implemented in the computer program CRYSTAL. No correction was made for basis set superposition error. The equilibrium lattice parameters are reproduced to within 1% of reported experimental values. Pressure values on the isotherm also agree well with reported experimental values. To obtain accurate results, the relaxation of all the atomic coordinates as well as the lattice parameters under a fixed volume constraint was required. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM ZerilliFJ@ih.navy.mil NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 20 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 15 BP 5173 EP 5179 DI 10.1021/jp0605754 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 035HP UT WOS:000236991900031 PM 16610841 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Strickler, J Irvine, M Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Gaydos, JC AF Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Strickler, J Irvine, M Hansen, CJ Gray, GC Gaydos, JC TI Vaccine-preventable adenoviral respiratory illness in US military recruits, 1999-2004 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus vaccine; military recruits; respiratory illness rates; adenovirus respiratory illness ID MARINE CORPS PERSONNEL; NAVAL RECRUITS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TYPE-4 INFECTION; DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; LIVE; TRAINEES; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS AB Background and Methods: The high burden of respiratory infections in military populations is well documented throughout history. The primary pathogen responsible for morbidity among US recruits in training was shown to be adenovirus. Highly efficacious oral vaccines were used for 25 years, but vaccine production ceased in 1996, and available stores were depleted by early 1999. Surveillance for acute febrile respiratory illness was performed at eight military recruit training sites throughout the United States from July 1999 through June 2004 to document rates after loss of the vaccines. Laboratory diagnoses complimented the surveillance efforts. Results: Over the 5 years, nearly 12 million person-weeks were followed and an estimated 110,172 febrile respiratory illness cases and 73,748 adenovirus cases were identified. Rates of illness were highest at the Navy and Air Force training centers, with average annual rates of 1.20 and 1.35 cases per 100 recruit-weeks, respectively. Adenoviral-associated illness rates peaked in weeks 3-5 of training, depending upon service. Conclusions: The burden of adenoviral illness among US recruit populations has returned to high levels since loss of the vaccines. Restoration of an effective adenovirus vaccine effort within the military is anticipated by 2008, potentially reducing the adenovirus morbidity suffered in this vulnerable population. Efforts to determine the burden of adenovirus and potential benefits of vaccination in civilian populations are being renewed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD GEIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-02] NR 59 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 5 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 15 BP 2835 EP 2842 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.12.062 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 034LY UT WOS:000236931700017 PM 16480793 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Amesbury, EC Tanzer, DJ AF Schallhorn, SC Amesbury, EC Tanzer, DJ TI Avoidance, recognition, and management of LASIK complications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; DIFFUSE LAMELLAR KERATITIS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE; EPITHELIAL INGROWTH; PUPIL SIZE; DRY EYE; LASER; CORNEAL; INTERFACE AB PURPOSE: To provide important concepts of the latest developments in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) complication avoidance, recognition, and management. DESIGN: A perspective. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search and re view of a total of 816 publications that discussed LASIK complications from 1992 to 2005 was conducted. RESULTS: The risk of visually threatening complications is inherent in any ophthalmologic surgical procedure. Not only does LASIK require the use of several complex medical devices, but there can be significant human variation in response to this surgical intervention. As a result, many potential complications can occur after LASIK. The risk of many complications can be mitigated by appropriate patient selection and preoperative, surgical, and postoperative care. Unforeseen complications will occur, despite meticulous planning, and must be managed. Important current developments in the avoidance, recognition, and management of LASIK complications are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Complications as a result of LASIK can threaten vision and may cause debilitating symptoms in an otherwise healthy eye. Advancing our understanding of the prevention and management of the complications of LASIK is an endeavor that must be continued as long as refractive surgery is performed. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Schallhorn, SC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM SCSchallhorn@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 39 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 141 IS 4 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.11.036 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 030GG UT WOS:000236621800020 PM 16564812 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA AF Wang, Z Daum, LT Vora, GJ Metzgar, D Walter, EA Canas, LC Malanoski, AP Lin, BC Stenger, DA TI Identifying influenza viruses with resequencing microarrays SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; DIAGNOSIS; REVEALS AB Identification of genetic variations of influenza viruses is essential for epidemic and pandemic outbreak surveillance and determination of vaccine strain selection. In this study, we combined a random amplification strategy with high-density resequencing microarray technology to demonstrate simultaneous detection and sequence-based typing of 25 geographically distributed human influenza virus strains collected in 2004 and 2005. In addition to identification, this method provided primary sequence information, which suggested that distinct lineages of influenza viruses co-circulated during the 2004-2005 season, and simultaneously identified and typed all component strains of the trivalent FluMist intranasal vaccine. The results demonstrate a novel, timely, and unbiased method for the molecular epidemiologic surveillance of influenza viruses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 30 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 638 EP 646 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 028BJ UT WOS:000236460200015 PM 16704813 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Lin, BC Wang, Z Vora, GJ Thornton, JA Schnur, JM Thach, DC Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Malanoski, AP Santiago, J Walter, EA Agan, BK Metzgar, D Seto, D Daum, LT Kruzelock, R Rowley, RK Hanson, EH Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Broad-spectrum respiratory tract pathogen identification using resequencing DNA microarrays SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; RAPID DETECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; UNITED-STATES; AMPLIFICATION; PCR AB The exponential growth of pathogen nucleic acid sequences available in public domain databases has invited their direct use in pathogen detection, identification, and surveillance strategies. DNA microarray technology has offered the potential for the direct DNA sequence analysis of a broad spectrum of pathogens of interest. However, to achieve the practical attainment of this potential, numerous technical issues, especially nucleic acid amplification, probe specificity, and interpretation strategies of sequence detection, need to be addressed. In this report, we demonstrate an approach that combines the use of a custom-designed Affymetrix resequencing Respiratory Pathogen Microarray (RPM v.1) with methods for microbial nucleic acid enrichment, random nucleic acid amplification, and automated sequence similarity searching for broad-spectrum respiratory pathogen surveillance. Successful proof-of-concept experiments, utilizing clinical samples obtained from patients presenting adenovirus or influenza virus-induced febrile respiratory illness (FRI), demonstrate the ability of this approach for correct species- and strain-level identification with unambiguous statistical interpretation at clinically relevant sensitivity levels. Our results underscore the feasibility of using this approach to expedite the early surveillance of diseases, and provide new information on the incidence of multiple pathogens. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Lackland AFB, Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. USAF, HQ, SGR, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD APR PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1101/gr.4337206 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 031JF UT WOS:000236700000010 PM 16481660 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Singer, CH Dougal, RA AF Liu, Shengyi Singer, Charles H. Dougal, Roger A. TI Power anomaly effects and costs in low-voltage mobile power systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTION-MOTOR; HARMONIC CURRENTS; DC OFFSET; DISTORTION; INTERRUPTIONS; EQUIPMENT; LOADS; SAGS AB Electric power anomalies or disturbances can disrupt the normal operation of equipment, accelerate aging, or even cause outright failures thus resulting in increased costs of maintenance and reduced system reliability. Past research on the effects caused by power anomalies has been mostly focused on industrial, commercial, or residential systems, or on power distribution equipment. A literature survey reveals that there is no comprehensive review related to low-voltage (LV) power systems and utilization equipment applicable to military combat vehicles, such as aircraft and ships. This paper summarizes the results of a new literature survey that focused on the causes, effects, and mitigation methods for power anomalies typical of LV mobile power systems. Electric power anomaly cost data collected from the literature are also presented, from which the costs of anomalies to the national defense are estimated using some simple rationales. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NAVAIR, Elect Power Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Liu, SY (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM lius@engr.sc.edu NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2006 VL 42 IS 2 BP 612 EP 624 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 065UN UT WOS:000239185400018 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Garland, FC AF Garland, CF Garland, FC TI Commentary: Progress of a paradigm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; CANCER MORTALITY; COLON-CANCER; VITAMIN-D; SUNLIGHT; BREAST; RATES; US C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 220 EP 222 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi230 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033AI UT WOS:000236817900004 PM 16303808 ER PT J AU Grant, WB Gorham, ED AF Grant, WB Gorham, ED TI Commentary: Time for public health action on vitamin D for cancer risk reduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLON-CANCER; MORTALITY-RATES; SUNLIGHT; RADIATION; BREAST; US C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr SUNARC, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM Gorham@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 2 BP 224 EP 225 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi232 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 033AI UT WOS:000236817900006 PM 16303806 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Clavio, S Graham, K Kuschner, R Sun, W Russell, KL Binn, LN AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Clavio, Sarah Graham, Katherine Kuschner, Robert Sun, Wellington Russell, Kevin L. Binn, Leonard N. TI Emergence of a new human adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) genotype: Identification of a novel inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from majority of Ad4 isolates from US military recruits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human adenovirus type 4; inverted terminal repeat (ITR); terminal binding protein; new Ad4 genotype; Ad-associated ARD ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DNA-REPLICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; YOUNG-ADULTS; EPIDEMIC; VACCINES; GENOME; SEROTYPES; ILLNESS; SAFETY AB Background: Ad4 is the principal etiological agent of acute respiratory disease (ARD) in the US military. Discovery of the novel 208 bp inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from a recent AM Jax78 field isolate was totally distinct from the analogous 116 bp ITR of AM prototype. Objectives: To investigate the origin and distribution of the novel AM ITR sequence from ARD infections. Study design: Direct sequencing of ligated Ad ITR termini. Results: The new AM ITR was highly homologous with the ITRs of human Ad subgroup B. The left post-ITR region of Ad4 Jax78 was found to be highly homologous to the corresponding region of subgroup B Ads: 81% for Ad11 and 98% for Ad3 and Ad7. The right post-ITR region of AM Jax78 contained a truncated classic ITR of the AM prototype. Conclusions: The AM Jax78 ITR most likely evolved from AM prototype by substituting the Ad4 prototype ITR with the subgroup B Ads ITR. The ITR-based PCR assays developed from this study can be used to distinguish the new AM genotype from the classical Ad4 prototype. The new AM genotype was first detected in 1976 from Georgia, USA, and is the main causative agent of ARD infections in US military population. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res Resp Dis Lab, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM huo-shu.houng@na.amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.11.008 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 070SW UT WOS:000239545300004 PM 16406799 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Terris, MK CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Delay of radical prostatectomy and risk of biochemical progression in men with low risk prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; biopsy; prostate-specific antigen ID RADIATION-THERAPY; SEARCH DATABASE; RECURRENCE; PSA; PREDICTOR; MORTALITY; ANTIGEN; BIOPSY; IMPACT AB Purpose: Men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are faced with multiple treatment options. Understanding these options and their associated side effects, and making a decision often requires time, resulting in a delay before receiving treatment. This is particularly pertinent in men with low risk disease who may be considered candidates for watchful waiting and, thus, may not experience strong pressure to undergo treatment promptly. Whether delays and especially prolonged delays, eg greater than 180 days, before RP negatively impact the disease outcome is unclear. Materials and Methods: We examined the association between time from diagnosis to surgery, and pathological features of the RP specimen and risk of biochemical progression in 895 men with low risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml and biopsy Gleason sum 6 or less) treated with RP between 1988 and 2004 in the Shared-Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards, respectively. Results: Time from biopsy to surgery was not significantly related to high grade disease in the RP specimen, positive surgical margins or extraprostatic extension (all p-trend > 0.05). After adjustment for multiple clinical covariates a longer time from biopsy to surgery was significantly associated with an increased risk of biochemical progression (p-trend = 0.002). However, this increased risk of progression was only apparent in men with delays greater than 180 days (median 263, vs 90 or fewer days RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.51 to 4.94). Conclusions: Our data suggest that patients with low risk prostate cancer can be reassured that immediate treatment is not necessary. Whether long delays (greater than 180 days) decrease the likelihood of curability in some patients requires further study. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Pathol, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC 27719 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect,Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg & Pathol, Div Urol Surg, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27719 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938] NR 15 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2006 VL 175 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/S0022-5437(05)00646-4 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 022EX UT WOS:000236038900030 PM 16515984 ER PT J AU Gambone, JC AF Gambone, JC TI Are adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes more common with assisted reproductive technologies? What should patients be told? SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CHILDREN BORN; OVARIAN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; RISK; WOMEN; IVF C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Fertil Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gambone, JC (reprint author), 436 Hogan Circle, Durango, CO 81301 USA. EM jgambone@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1097/01.grf.0000197502.06958.50 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 007RM UT WOS:000234987300013 PM 16456348 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Sato, PA Smith, TC Wang, LZL Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy Steven Sato, Paul A. Smith, Tyler Clain Wang, Linda Zhenling Reed, Robert John Ryan, Margaret Angela Kappel TI Military Hospitalizations among deployed US service members following anthrax vaccination, 1998-2001 SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccines; vaccine safety; military medicine; military personnel; hospitalizations ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; HEALTH; SAFETY; ASSOCIATION; PERSONNEL; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESS AB Safety concerns have confronted the Department of Defense Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program since inception in 1998. To determine if anthrax vaccination was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, a historical cohort study utilizing pre- and post-anthrax-vaccination hospitalizations was undertaken and analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. The study population consisted of 170,723 active duty US service members who were anthrax-vaccinated and deployed during the time period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2001. Study outcomes included hospitalizations due to any-cause, 14 broad International Classification of Diseases diagnostic categories, autoimmune organ specific and organ non-specific hospitalizations, and asthma. After adjustment, anthrax vaccination was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations for any-cause, diseases of the blood and blood forming organs, and diseases of the respiratory system. Comparing anthrax post-vaccination hospitalization experience with the pre-vaccination period resulted in no significant increased hazard for any of the hospitalization outcomes studied. Although there was no apparent increase in risk of morbidity in this study population, the relationship between anthrax vaccine and deployment on health outcomes among US service members needs further study. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biomech Branch, Bldg 824,Rm 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 2 IS 2 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132YQ UT WOS:000243979200002 PM 17012889 ER PT J AU Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ AF Cassarino, DS DeRienzo, DP Barr, RJ TI Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification - Part one SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CARCINOMA; DISCOID LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PROLIFERATING TRICHILEMMAL CYST; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; IONIZING-RADIATION THERAPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA AB Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) includes many subtypes with widely varying clinical behaviors, ranging from indolent to aggressive tumors with significant metastatic potential. However, the tendency for pathologists and clinicians alike is to refer to all squamoid neoplasms as generic SCC. No definitive, comprehensive clinicopathological system dividing cutaneous SCCs into categories based upon their aggressiveness has yet been promulgated. Therefore, we have proposed the following based upon the malignant potential of SCC variants, separating them into categories of low (<= 2% metastatic rate), intermediate (3-10%), high (greater than 10%), and indeterminate behavior. Low-risk SCCs include SCC arising in actinic keratosis, HPV-associated SCC, tricholemmal carcinoma, and spindle cell SCC (unassociated with radiation). Intermediate-risk SCCs include adenoid (acantholytic) SCC, intraepidermal epithelioma with invasion, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. High-risk subtypes include de novo SCC, SCC arising in association with predisposing factors (radiation, burn scars, and immunosuppression), invasive Bowen's disease, adenosquamous carcinoma, and malignant proliferating pilar tumors. The indeterminate category includes signet ring cell SCC, follicular SCC, papillary SCC, SCC arising in adnexal cysts, squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma, and clear-cell SCC. Subclassification of SCC into these risk-based categories, along with enumeration of other factors including tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion will provide prognostically relevant information and facilitate the most optimal treatment for patients. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dermatol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pathol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. RP Cassarino, DS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Lane Bldg,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dcassari@stanford.edu OI Cassarino, David/0000-0001-8875-0858 NR 234 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 191 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00516_1.x PG 16 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 010QZ UT WOS:000235210500001 PM 16466506 ER PT J AU Zouris, JM Walker, J Dye, J Galarneau, M AF Zouris, JM Walker, J Dye, J Galarneau, M TI Wounding patterns for US marines and sailors during Operation Iraqi Freedom, major combat phase SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This investigation examined the wounds incurred by 279 U.S. Navy-Marine personnel (97% Marines and 3% sailors) identified as wounded in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom, from March 23 through April 30, 2003. The goal was to assess the potential impact of each causative agent by comparing the differences in anatomical locations, types of injuries caused, and medical specialists needed to treat the casualties. The overall average number of diagnoses per patient was 2.2, and the overall average number of anatomical locations was 1.6. The causative agents were classified into six major categories, i.e., small arms, explosive munitions, motor vehicle accidents, falls, weaponry accidents, and other/unknown. Explosive munitions and small arms accounted for approximately three of four combat-related injuries. Upper and lower extremities accounted for similar to 70% of all injuries, a percentage consistent for battlefield injuries since World War II. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Zouris, JM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 12 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500016 PM 16602525 ER PT J AU Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Gackstetter, G Ryan, MAK Friedman, MJ AF Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Gackstetter, G Ryan, MAK Friedman, MJ TI The neurocognition deployment health study: A prospective cohort study of army soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; DESERT-STORM VETERANS; PERSIAN-GULF; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; COMBAT VETERANS; ERA VETERANS; SLEEP LOSS AB Questions remain regarding the effects of military operational deployment on health. The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study addresses several gaps in the deployment health literature, including lack of baseline health data, reliance on subjective measures of exposure and health variables, prolonged intervals between redeployment and health assessments, and lack of a uniform case definition. The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study uses a prospective cohort design to assess neuropsychological outcomes associated with Iraq deployment. Methods incorporate administration of performance-based neuropsychological measures to Army soldiers before and after Iraq deployment and to nondeployed Army Soldiers assessed during comparable periods of garrison duty. Findings should have the potential to delineate neuropsychological outcomes related to combat theater deployment and to identify potential risk and protective factors related to health outcomes. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Baltimore Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Vet Affairs Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Natl Ctr PTSD, Dept Vet Affairs, White River Jct, VT 05001 USA. RP Vasterling, JJ (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 171 IS 3 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 022II UT WOS:000236048500017 PM 16602526 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW Farahmand, K AF Kaufman, JW Farahmand, K TI In vivo measurements of human oral cavity heat and water vapor transport SO RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiration; heat exchange; mass transfer; mechanics of breathing ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; SALT AEROSOL-PARTICLES; HUMAN UPPER AIRWAYS; TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AIR; DEPOSITION; INHALATION; EXERCISE; GROWTH AB Oral heat and water vapor transport may play a significant role in maintaining airway health. This study intended to develop a technique for measuring heat and mass transfer coefficients in the human oral cavity as a function of flow rate. A multi-thermocouple probe was developed which simultaneously measures dry and wet bulb temperatures at two airstream sites while also measuring three buccal wall temperatures. Oral temperature data (airstream and buccal surface) were acquired from eight subjects (two females and six males) breathing at varying flow rates to calculate transport coefficients. Techniques used to validate probe accuracy included correlating experimentally measured heat transfer in a smooth pipe with theoretical plug flow in a circular conduit. Experimental results suggest that modeling the oral cavity as a circular conduit is problematic because NU measured in a heated pipe differs so greatly from Nu measured in the oral cavity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Human Performance Technol Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Human Performance Technol Branch, Code 4656,Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM jonathan.kaufman@navy.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9048 J9 RESP PHYSIOL NEUROBI JI Respir. Physiol. Neuro. PD FEB 28 PY 2006 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.resp.2005.05.016 PG 17 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 021IO UT WOS:000235977100018 PM 15979952 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED Lipkin, M Newmark, H Mohr, SB Holick, MF AF Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED Lipkin, M Newmark, H Mohr, SB Holick, MF TI The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID D-RECEPTOR GENE; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D METABOLITE LEVELS; DAIRY FOOD-INTAKE; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES AB Vitamin D status differs by latitude and race, with residents of the northeastern United States and individuals with more skin pigmentation being at increased risk of deficiency. A PubMed database search yielded 63 observational studies of vitamin D status in relation to cancer risk, including 30 of colon, 13 of breast, 26 of prostate, and 7 of ovarian cancer, and several that assessed the association of vitamin D receptor genotype with cancer risk. The majority of studies found a protective relationship between sufficient vitamin D status and lower risk of cancer. The evidence suggests that efforts to improve vitamin D status, for example by vitamin D supplementation, could reduce cancer incidence and mortality at low cost, with few or no adverse effects. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Strong Canc Prevent Ctr, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Canc Res Lab, Piscataway, NJ USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Vitamin D Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 224 TC 483 Z9 500 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2006 VL 96 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 007TA UT WOS:000234991400014 PM 16380576 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Schaeffer, DJ Johnson, EW Cunningham, JR Still, KR Wilfong, ER AF Arfsten, DP Schaeffer, DJ Johnson, EW Cunningham, JR Still, KR Wilfong, ER TI Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, and sperm velocity SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE depleted uranium; reproductive toxicity; rats; sperm concentration; sperm motion ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; RATS; INDUCTION; FRAGMENTS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; PELLETS; CELLS AB Depleted uranium (DU) projectiles have been used in battle in Iraq and the Balkans and will continue to be a significant armor-penetrating munition for the US military. As demonstrated in the Persian Gulf War, battle injury from DU projectiles and shrapnel is a possibility, and removal of embedded DU fragments from the body is not always practical because of their location in the body or their small size. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated that implanted DU mobilizes and translocates to the gonads, and natural uranium may be toxic to spermatazoa and the male reproductive tract. In this study, the effects of implanted DU pellets on sperm concentration, motility, and male reproductive Success were evaluated in adult (Pl) Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with 0, 12, or 20, DU pellets of 1 x 2 mm or 12 or 20 tantalum (Ta) steel pellets of 1 x 2 mm. Twenty DU pellets of 1 x 2 mm (760 mg) implanted in a 500-g rat are equal to approximately 0.2 pound of DU in a 154-lb (70-kg) person. Urinary analysis found that male rats implanted with DU were excreting uranium at postimplantation days 27 and 117 with the amount dependent on dose. No deaths or evidence of toxicity occurred in PI males over the 150-day postimplantation study period. When assessed at postimplantation day 150.. the concentration, motion, and velocity of sperm isolated from DU-implanted animals were not significantly different from those of sham surgery controls. Velocity and motion of sperm isolated from rats treated with the positive control compound g.-chlorohydrin were significantly reduced compared with sham surgery controls. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of DU implantation on mating Success at 30-45 days and 120-145 days postimplantation. The results of this Study suggest that implantation of up to 20 DU pellets of I x 2 mm in rats for approximately 21% of their adult lifespan does not have an adverse impact on male reproductive success, sperm concentration, or sperm velocity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 45 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.016 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 012CS UT WOS:000235316400008 PM 15939419 ER PT J AU Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W TI Circularly polarized array pattern synthesis with electromagnetic compatibility constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE antenna array; electromagnetic compatibility; on-board antennas; pattern synthesis ID ANTENNA-ARRAY; NEAR-FIELD; OPTIMIZATION AB A constrained least squares synthesis technique for antenna arrays is utilized to determine the array element excitation coefficients that produce a prescribed radiation pattern and polarization, while simultaneously limiting the electromagnetic coupling between the array and another antenna located nearby. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Allen, OE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM oliver.allen@navy.niil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2005.861370 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 032YD UT WOS:000236811700026 ER PT J AU Escamilla, RF McTaggart, MSC Fricklas, EJ DeWitt, R Kelleher, P Taylor, MK Hreljac, A Moorman, CT AF Escamilla, RF McTaggart, MSC Fricklas, EJ DeWitt, R Kelleher, P Taylor, MK Hreljac, A Moorman, CT TI An electromyographic analysis of commercial and common abdominal exercises: Implications for rehabilitation and training SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE EMG; low back pain; lumbar spine; rectus abdominis; sit-up ID INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE; STRENGTHENING EXERCISES; LUMBAR SPINE; MUSCLE; EMG; PSOAS; VARIETY; DEVICES; CRUNCH; LOADS AB Study Design: A repeated-measures, counterbalanced design. Objectives: To test the effectiveness of 7 commercial abdominal machines (Ab Slide, Ab Twister, An Rocker, Ab Roller, Ab Doer, Torso Track, SAM) and 2 common abdominal exercises (crunch, bent-knee sit-up) on activating abdominal and extraneous (nonabdominal) musculature. Background: Numerous abdominal machine exercises are believed to be effective in activating abdominal musculature and minimizing low back stress, but there are minimal data to substantiate these claims. Many of these exercises also activate nonabdominal musculature, which may or may not be beneficial. Methods and Measures: A convenience sample of 14 subjects performed 5 repetitions for each exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded for upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, pectoralis major, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, lumbar paraspinals, and rectus femoris, and then normalized by maximum muscle contractions. Results: Upper and lower rectus abdominis EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide, Torso Track, crunch, and An Roller, while external and internal oblique EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide, Torso Track, crunch, and bent-knee sit-up. Pectoralis major, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Slide and Torso Track. Lumbar paraspinal EMG activities were greatest for the Ab Doer, while rectus femoris EMG activities were greatest for the bent-knee sit-up, SAM, Ab Twister, An Rocker, and Ab Doer. Conclusions: The Ab Slide and Torso Track were the most effective exercises in activating abdominal and upper extremity muscles while minimizing lose back and rectus femoris (hip flexion) activity. The Ab Doer, Ab Twister, Ab Rocker, SAM, and bent-knee sit-up may be problematic for individuals with low back pathologies due to relatively high rectus femoris activity. C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Serv Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Escamilla, RF (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM rescamil@csus.edu NR 27 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 008LR UT WOS:000235042700002 PM 16494072 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Platz, EA Presti, JC Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Kane, CJ Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Platz, EA Presti, JC Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Kane, CJ Terris, MK TI Obesity, serum prostate specific antigen and prostate size: Implications for prostate cancer detection SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; obesity; prostate-specific antigen ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; HYPERPLASIA; BIOPSY; RISK; MEN; ANTHROPOMETRY; POPULATION; PREDICTOR; INSULIN AB Purpose: Obesity has been associated with lower serum testosterone, theoretically resulting in decreased PSA production. Obesity has also been associated with prostatic enlargement, making the detection of existent cancer more difficult. Together these findings would result in an apparent protective effect of obesity on prostate cancer risk due to technical detection issues unrelated to cancer biology. We examined the association between BMI, and PSA and prostate weight in a cohort of men undergoing RP. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the association of BMI with prostate weight and PSA using linear regression, adjusting for patient age at RP, year of RP, race, and pathological stage and grade in 1,414 men treated with RP between 1988 and 2004 at the 5 equal access medical centers that comprise the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database. Results: On multivariate analysis increasing BMI was associated with increasing prostate weight but only in men younger than 63 years and not in men 63 years or older (p-trend < 0.001 and 0.44, respectively). In men younger than 63 years mean multivariate adjusted prostate weight +/- SE in those with a BMI of less than 25 vs 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2) was 33.8 +/- 1.4 vs 41.4 +/- 1.6 gm. There was no significant association between BMI and preoperative PSA (p-trend = 0.70). Conclusions: In a cohort of men undergoing RP obesity was associated with larger prostate size but only in younger men. There was no association between BMI and PSA. Assuming equal PSA, the degree of prostatic enlargement observed in younger obese men in this study would be expected to result in a modest decrease in the odds of detecting prostate cancer in a contemporary series of PSA screened men due to the decreased sensitivity of cancer detection related to larger prostate size. Obesity may appear protective for prostate cancer in younger men due to technical issues unrelated to cancer biology. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Urol, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, P50CA58236, R01CA100938] NR 21 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2006 VL 175 IS 2 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00162-X PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 001XO UT WOS:000234576200022 PM 16406980 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Khombhongse, S Liu, WX Dayal, P Reneker, DH Kyu, T AF Guenthner, AJ Khombhongse, S Liu, WX Dayal, P Reneker, DH Kyu, T TI Dynamics of hollow nanofiber formation during solidification subjected to solvent evaporation SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cahn-Hilliard equation; fiber morphology; phase separation; simulations; solvent evaporation ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; DIFFUSION AB To mimic the emergence of gradient morphology in polymer nanofibers, a new theoretical approach has been developed in the context of Cahn-Hilliard time evolution equation, alternatively known as time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (Model B) involving concentration order parameter. The effects of solvent evaporation on the morphology evolution of the nanofibers have been demonstrated. The numerical simulation showed that the formation of skin layers is governed by the competition between solvent evaporation rate and mutual diffusion rate. That is to say the skin layers are formed in the nanotube whenever the rate of evaporation exceeds a critical value; otherwise, a solid fiber is formed. In hollow nanofibers, the layer can grow to a substantial fraction of the fiber diameter, allowing it to remain intact, albeit often in a collapsed form. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 25 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 EI 1521-3919 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 15 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1002/mats.200500034 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 008ES UT WOS:000235023600008 ER PT S AU Hewer, GA Kuo, W Hanson, G Sickman, F AF Hewer, Gary A. Kuo, Wei Hanson, Grant Sickman, Frederick GP IEEE TI Double density complex wavelet based image cartoon-texture decomposition SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; TRANSFORM; DISTANCE AB Both the Kingsbury dual-tree and the subsequent Selesnick double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform approximate an analytic function. The classification of the phase dependency across scales is largely unexplored except by Romberg et al. Here we characterize the subband dependency of the orientation of phase gradients by applying the Morel-Helmholtz principle to bivariate histograms to locate meaningful modes. A further characterization using the Earth Mover's Distance with the fundamental Rudin-Osher-Meyer Banach space decomposition into cartoon and texture elements is presented. Possible applications include image compression and invariant descriptor selection for image matching. C1 [Hewer, Gary A.; Kuo, Wei; Hanson, Grant; Sickman, Frederick] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Ctr Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hewer, GA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Ctr Weapons Div, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM gary.hewer@navy.mil; wei.kuo@navy.mil; grant.hanson@navy.mil; frederick.sickman@navy.mil FU DARPA GeoStar Program; Office of Navy Research FX This work was partially supported by the DARPA GeoStar Program and Office of Navy Research, Code 311. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 861 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354873 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202001 ER PT S AU Barrett, C AF Barrett, Christopher GP IEEE TI AH-1Z stores compatibility testing lessons learned SO 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The AH-1Z Cobra was a major upgrade of the AH-1W performed under the United States Marine Corps (USMC) H-1 Upgrades Program. Upgrades significant to weapons employment included a new rotor system, new stub-wing weapons stations, countermeasure dispensing system, and upgraded drive-train. These upgrades required testing to evaluate the AH-1Z's ability to safely employ weapon systems. The objectives of this test were to evaluate the separation characteristics of weapons and stores fired, launched or dispensed from the AH-1Z; measure aircraft structural loads, strains, and vibrations during weapons firing; and use measured flight data to evaluate the effects of weapon firings on engines and drive systems in order to recommend safe store employment envelopes. During the test program, stores compatibility results were encountered which were not expected during test planning, including rocket gas ingestion and unsatisfactory 20-mm ammunition link separation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Lusby, MD 20657 USA. RP Barrett, C (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, 12745 Ponderosa Ct, Lusby, MD 20657 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3058 EP 3064 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583105029 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, Kerry GP IEEE TI Fixing BIT on the V-22 Osprey SO 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The V-22 Osprey(1,2) measured an unsatisfactory high Built-In-Test (BIT) false alarm rate of 92% (threshold <= 25%) during its first Operational Test And Evaluation Phase (OPEVAL) in 2000. On a good note, the V-22 did exceed its operational objectives for BIT fault detection and fault isolation rates. Afterwards, the Blue Ribbon Panel report identified the need to fix false alarms: "Expedite the plan to reduce the V-22 false-alarm rate in both the aircraft and ground systems, with priority on aircraft software." Correction of false alarms then became a high priority issue on the program. Therefore, a success-oriented engineering approach was developed and implemented to mature the diagnostics system in order to meet the operational requirements. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd,Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3646 EP + PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583106031 ER PT B AU Chan, EY Koshinz, DG Beranek, MW Harres, DN AF Chan, Eric Y. Koshinz, Dennis G. Beranek, Mark W. Harres, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of a GB/S transceiver with otdr built-in-test for avionics local area networks SO 2006 IEEE/AIAA 25TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 25th Digital Avionics Systerms Conference CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Portsmouth, OR SP IEEE, AIAA AB The motivations for development of an integrated BITed transceiver have been described in previous DASC papers [ 1], [2] and [3]. One of the challenges in developing BIT capabilities in avionics local area networks is implementing the BITed transceiver functionality without degrading the transceiver's electro-optic performance characteristics, or increasing its size, or changing its multi-source agreement (MSA) standard footprint format. We have successfully demonstrated the first prototype: Gb/s fiber optic transceiver with integrated built-in test 10-cm resolution OTDR capability in a small-form-factor (SFF) package. This OTDR BITed transceiver operates at 850 run with high output power and good electro-optic characteristics over 2 Gb/s. The 10-cin optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) resolution requires the transceiver to have total rise time (t(r)) and fall time (t(f)) less than 1 ns. This rise and fall time requirement indicates the intrinsic transceiver has to support a 2.5 Gb/s data rate. C1 Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. Boeing Co, Phantom Works, St Louis, MO USA. RP Chan, EY (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0377-6 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2006 BP 831 EP 834 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGB18 UT WOS:000245889700083 ER PT S AU Beranek, MW Avak, AR AF Beranek, Mark W. Avak, Anthony R. GP IEEE TI Improving avionics fiber optic network reliability and maintainability via built-in test SO 2006 IEEE/AIAA 25TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 25th Digital Avionics Systerms Conference CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Portsmouth, OR SP IEEE, AIAA C1 [Beranek, Mark W.; Avak, Anthony R.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Beranek, MW (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4244-0377-6 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2006 BP 842 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGB18 UT WOS:000245889700085 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J Meseroll, R Morgan, M AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John Meseroll, Robert Morgan, Matthew GP IEEE TI The WIKI ietm SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB The current generation of United States (US) Navy and Marine Corps interactive electronic technical manuals (IETM's) are designed to provide maintainers with sufficient technical information to facilitate repairs at the Organizational level of maintenance (O-level). Before use at the O-level, the IETM's are validated. However, practical situations arise which are not covered in sufficient detail by an IETM. In these situations, maintainers must rely on their own knowledge and experience to facilitate a successful repair. The larger body of Navy maintainers cannot easily benefit from a single maintainer's practical lessons learned. No medium currently exists to facilitate timely knowledge-sharing. The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) utilizes the Technical Publications Deficiency Reporting (TPDR) program for reporting deficiencies in technical manuals and taking corrective action. However, in the case of non-safetyrelated deficiencies, this program takes too much time to be of immediate use to a maintainer. A "wiki" is a type of web-based document that allows participants to easily add and edit content. It is especially suited for collaborative writing. This paper describes one mechanism for leveraging the wiki concept to allow maintainers to communicate with each other regarding non-safety-related maintenance issues via editable web pages outside of and in addition to current validated technical manuals. A wiki IETM has been created by the Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at NAVAIR Lakehurst to demonstrate this concept. Experiments were carried out in which participants were asked to complete a laboratory task following a procedure created by the authors. A control group was asked to follow the procedure as it was written. Another group was given the benefit of using the wiki comments in addition to the procedure. The experiences of both groups were then compared. This effort has shown that it is useful to establish a Navy-wide forum through which maintainers can quickly communicate lessons learned using the wiki philosophy. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. TPS Associates, Manchester, NJ 08759 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil; robert.meseroll@navy.mil; matthew.morgan1@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200060 ER PT S AU Shannon, R Quiter, J D'Annunzio, A Meseroll, R Edwards, G Koepping, C AF Shannon, Russell Quiter, John D'Annunzio, Anthony Meseroll, Robert Edwards, Gail Koepping, Craig GP IEEE TI Realizing net-centric diagnostics within the naval maintenance system SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB The U.S. Navy's current implementation of the three-level maintenance philosophy achieves mission readiness. However, there are inefficiencies in the maintenance system which waste resources and manpower. These inefficiencies may be overcome by facilitating improved testing capabilities and data sharing between the Organizational level of maintenance (O-level) and the Intermediate level (I-level) and/or Depot (D-level). The Integrated Diagnostics and Automated Test Systems (IDATS) team at Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Lakehurst has investigated the realization of net-centric avionics diagnostics within the current Navy maintenance system. This paper describes efforts by the IDATS team to realize a proof-of-concept demonstration involving many aircraft maintenance technologies. These include data mining, diagnostic reasoning, and the transmission of diagnostic and maintenance data between levels of maintenance in order to reduce diagnostic ambiguities and testing time for an avionics system. Cost savings resulting from increased aircraft operational availability (Ao) can be achieved by implementing a net-centric approach to diagnostics within the current Navy maintenance system. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. TPS Associates, Manchester, NJ 08759 USA. RP Shannon, R (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. EM russell.shannon@navy.mil; john.quiter@navy.mil; anthony.d'annunzio@navy.mil; robert.meseroll@navy.mil; gail.edwards@navy.mil; craig.koepping@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200064 ER PT S AU McNatt, C Gaudette, T AF McNatt, Cameron Gaudette, Tom GP IEEE TI Vectorized test program sets using matlab and the teradyne Al-710 analog test instrument SO 2006 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Autotestcon Conference CY SEP 18-21, 2006 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB Traditional Test Program Sets (TPS) for Naval Automated Test Systems operate in a serial fashion, collecting and analyzing data one unit at a time. Teradyne's Ai-710 Analog Test Instrument, which is currently being installed into the U.S. Navy's premier test system, CASS, allows for vectors of Input/Output data to be emitted and collected simultaneously. The MathWorks, under contract from the U.S. Navy, designed and implemented test software using MATLAB that controls the Ai-710. This software enables TPS developers to create Vectorized Test Programs Sets (VTPS) in which vectors of I/O data are sent, collected, and analyzed in parallel, increasing TPS efficiency, simulating real-world circumstances, and facilitating the use of the Ai-710. C1 NAVAIR, St Inigoes, MD 20684 USA. MathWorks, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP McNatt, C (reprint author), NAVAIR, Bldg 8141 Villa Rd, St Inigoes, MD 20684 USA. EM James.McNatt.ctr@Navy.mil; Tom.Gaudette@Mathworks.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-0051-5 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2006 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGI04 UT WOS:000247088200066 ER PT B AU Chan, EY Beranek, MW Harres, DN AF Chan, Eric Y. Beranek, Mark W. Harres, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Gigabit fiber optic transceiver technology evolution for avionics SO 2006 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2006 CL Annapolis, MD SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm C1 [Chan, Eric Y.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Beranek, Mark W.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Harres, Daniel N.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Chan, EY (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0407-0 PY 2006 BP 50 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGC53 UT WOS:000246032100025 ER PT S AU Miao, LD Qi, HR Szu, H AF Miao, Lidan Qi, Hairong Szu, Harold GP IEEE TI A Thermodynamic Energy Minimization Approach to Spectral Unmixing of Remote Sensing Imagery SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; SENSED DATA; ALGORITHM AB One hurdle involved in remote sensing imagery analysis is the wide existence of mixed pixels, whose footprints cover more than one type of ground materials. The analysis of mixed pixels demands subpixel methods to identify the ground components and infer their relative proportions, a process referred to as spectral unmixiug. This paper presents a new approach to mixed pixel analysis, termed thermodynamic energy minimization (TDEM) method. The system of spectral unmixing is considered as an open information system with the measured mixed pixel as input and relative proportions as output. To find the optimal solution at the equilibrium state, we formulate an optimization problem by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy of the information system, which is derived by applying the classical maximum entropy principle to the closed system consisting of both the information system and its surrounding environment. The experimental results based on synthetic images show the effectiveness of the proposed method. C1 [Miao, Lidan; Qi, Hairong] Univ Tennessee, Elect Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Szu, Harold] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Off Naval Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Miao, LD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmiao1@utk.edu; hqi@utk.edu; szuh@gwu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 1497 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.386 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400381 ER PT B AU Strauss, B AF Strauss, Bill GP IEEE TI The onboard commercial aircraft in-flight RF environment SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE RF electromagnetic environment; EME; aircraft; spectrum; cell phones; PEDs; interference AB A program that measured the in-flight RF spectrum on 37 revenue flights of commercial aircraft cabins is described. The spectrum monitoring was performed from gate-to-gate in selected aviation critical and personal electronics frequency bands over the period from September 23 through November 19, 2003. The commercial aircraft in-flight RF environment for two critical navigation frequency bands, VOR and Global Positioning System (GPS) and four consumer electronics frequency ranges are reported. A brief analysis of the GPS band data is presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Strauss, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706299 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100049 ER PT B AU Brezinski, B Kempf, D Scully, R AF Brezinski, Buzz Kempf, Diane Scully, Robert GP IEEE TI Shielding measurements of the Space Shuttle (part I - meeting the test challenge) SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB The Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) at Pax River teamed with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to perform a shielding test of the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter "Endeavour." Pax River was responsible for testing in the high frequency range up to 18 GHz. NASA imposed some very tight limitations on the time allotted to perform the test and the amount of power that could be radiated during the performance of the test. This required Pax River to perform much development work on our existing shielding effectiveness test method using reverberation techniques in order to meet NASA's needs. This paper discusses the method in detail and describes the development work and its validation. C1 [Brezinski, Buzz; Kempf, Diane] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Brezinski, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706341 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100088 ER PT B AU Kempf, D Brezinski, B Scully, R AF Kempf, Diane Brezinski, Buzz Scully, Robert GP IEEE TI Shielding measurements of the Space Shuttle (part II - testing the NASA Endeavour) SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 01, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB Testing was conducted on the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter, Endeavour, to determine the high frequency shielding capability of three major cavities; the flight deck, the mid-deck/crew quarters and the payload bay. Testing was performed using highly modified reverberation techniques. The hangar at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center served as the "reverberation chamber" for the spacecraft. An account of the test method is presented in detail, along with setup diagrams, photos, and graphs of the shielding measurements. C1 [Kempf, Diane; Brezinski, Buzz] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Kempf, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0293-9 PY 2006 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2006.1706342 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BII44 UT WOS:000259733100089 ER PT B AU Fergurson, EW Flenner, A Hewer, G Murata, Y AF Fergurson, Earl W. Flenner, Arjuna Hewer, Gary Murata, Yoko GP IEEE TI Locating peaks in proteomic mass spectral data using the Morel-Helmholtz principle SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY AUG 28-30, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE proteomics; peak detection; disease diagnostics; bioinformatics ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; OVARIAN-CANCER; SERUM; SPECTROMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; PATTERNS; TOOLS AB Proteomics is a rapidly emerging field of research that will help identify and characterize the complex proteins that are responsible for the function of complex biological systems. For detection and identification of separated components, mass spectrometry is evolving to be the method-of-choice because of its high sensitivity and its ability to characterize the individual components. Analysis of biological sample will typically generate a protein mass fingerprint of the various constitutive components, with the component mass expressed as mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and the relative abundance of each component as the peak height. However reliably finding protein peaks with small relative abundance has been a difficult signal processing task, and many of the currently used techniques require many arbitrary parameters. This paper investigates the application of the Morel-Helmholtz principle, a single parameter method, to mass spectrometry signal processing. A comparison of the Morel-Helmholtz peak finding method with a thresholding method demonstrates that using the false alarm rate of one per interval will detect peaks that can optimally classify mass spectrometry data equally well as a well chosen threshold. C1 [Fergurson, Earl W.; Murata, Yoko] Sun BioMed Techonol, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Flenner, Arjuna; Hewer, Gary] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Signal & Image Proc, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Fergurson, EW (reprint author), Sun BioMed Techonol, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9753-8 PY 2006 BP 217 EP + DI 10.1109/ISSPIT.2006.270800 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGB03 UT WOS:000245867900042 ER PT B AU Fasoro, AA Popa, DO Beardsley, H Sin, J Agonafer, D Stephanou, HE Deeds, MA AF Fasoro, Abiodun A. Popa, Dan O. Beardsley, Heather Sin, Jeongsik Agonafer, Dereje Stephanou, Harry E. Deeds, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Fluxless optical fiber attachment for hermetic MOEMS applications SO 2006 PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Heat Transfer Div K 16, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div DE hermetic packaging; soldering; laser; indium; AuSn AB Fluxless soldering is desirable for the hermetic packaging of irricro-optoelectromechanical (MOEMS) systems, especially those used in harsh environments, or those that require very long shelf-life. An example of such a microsystem is a Safe & Arm (S&A) MEMS device that requires reliable operation over 20 to 30 years. For this application, degradation and out-gassing of the organic materials, such as those contained in fluxes and epoxies could result in the contamination and stiction of the moving microparts. In this paper we present simulation and experimental results of using a diode laser to attach and seal fiber optic feed-throughs to a kovar carrier package. In order to obtain reliable fluxless solder joints, certain environmental conditions namely, an inert and/or reducing gas environment needs to be present during the process. In addition, the solder and substrate surfaces must be sufficiently free of oxides and organic contaminants. Acceptable process parameters such as the laser power density, spot size, and duration, package geometry have been determined both experimentally and through simulation. It has been established that oxygen levels less than 0.04% (400 ppm) obtained inside a glove-box obtained using inert gas (100% N-2, or 95%N-2, 5% H-2) is necessary to achieve adequate joints. C1 [Deeds, Michael A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Fasoro, Abiodun A.; Popa, Dan O.; Beardsley, Heather; Sin, Jeongsik; Agonafer, Dereje; Stephanou, Harry E.] Univ N Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, 7300 Jack Newell Blvd S, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. RP Fasoro, AA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, 7300 Jack Newell Blvd S, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. EM afasoro@arri.uta.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work has been performed in collaboration with Bennington Microtechnology Center in Bennington, Vermont, and was supported by the Office of Naval Research. We wish to thank Woo Ho Lee, Jeong Sik Sin, Amit Patil, Raul Fernandez, and Norm Spayd from ARRI, and Daniel Jean of the U.S. Navy for their contributions to the experimental work presented in this paper. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9523-7 PY 2006 BP 1365 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFP48 UT WOS:000243624500188 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RA Rauh, MJ Brodine, SK Trone, DW Macera, CA AF Shaffer, RA Rauh, MJ Brodine, SK Trone, DW Macera, CA TI Predictors of stress fracture susceptibility in young female recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injuries; menstrual status; military; women ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; RISK-FACTORS; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; DISTANCE RUNNERS; ARMY RECRUITS; INJURY RATES; WOMEN; PREVENTION; TRAINEES; GENDER AB Background: Stress fractures account for substantial morbidity for young women undergoing U.S. Marine Corps basic training. Hypothesis: Certain pretraining characteristics identify women at increased risk of stress fractures during boot camp. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Data collected included baseline performance on a timed run (a measure of aerobic fitness), anthropometric measurements, and a baseline questionnaire highlighting exercise and menstrual status among 2962 women undergoing basic training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, in 1995 and 1996. Results: One hundred fifty-two recruits (5.1%) had 181 confirmed lower extremity stress fractures, with the most common sites being the tibia (25%), metatarsals (22%), pelvis (22%), and femur (20%). Logistic regression models revealed that having low aerobic fitness (a slower time on the timed run) and no menses during the past year were significantly associated with the occurrence of any stress fracture and with pelvic or femoral stress fracture during boot camp. Conclusion: These findings suggest that stress fractures may be reduced if women entering Marine Corps Recruit Depot training participated in pretraining activities designed to improve aerobic fitness. Furthermore, women reporting no menses during the previous year may need additional observation during training. Clinical Relevance: Consistent with previous studies, we found that low aerobic fitness was the only modifiable risk factor associated with stress fractures during boot camp. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Musculoskeletal Injury Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Grad Program Orthopaed & Sports Phys Therapy, Provo, UT USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, Musculoskeletal Injury Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM trone@nhrc.navy.mil NR 35 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 34 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1177/0363546505278703 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 999HQ UT WOS:000234380800014 PM 16170040 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Wagner, R Boatz, JA Yousufuddin, M Etzkorn, M Prakash, GKS Christe, KO Chapman, RD Welker, ME Kreutzberger, CB AF Haiges, Ralf Wagner, Ross Boatz, Jerry A. Yousufuddin, Muhammed Etzkorn, Markus Prakash, G. K. Surya Christe, Karl O. Chapman, Robert D. Welker, Mark E. Kreutzberger, Charles B. TI Preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of the SO(3)NHF(-) and SO(3)NF(2)(-) ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE difluoroamines; fluorine; structure elucidation; sulfamates ID CENTER-DOT H3NSO3; DIRECT FLUORINATION; HYDROGEN SULFAMATE; SULFURIC-ACID; DIFLUORAMINE; ALKYLATION C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, AFRL,PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Haiges, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; kchriste@usc.edu; robert.chapman@navy.mil RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2006 VL 45 IS 31 BP 5179 EP 5184 DI 10.1002/anie.200601020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074JM UT WOS:000239808500022 PM 16927336 ER PT S AU Han, DK Pecht, MG Anand, DK Kavetsky, R AF Han, David K. Pecht, Michael G. Anand, Davinder K. Kavetsky, Robert GP IEEE TI Energetic Material/Systems prognostics SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2007 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE prognostics; energetics; reliability; explosives; propellants; in-situ sensors ID HYDROCARBONS AB The US military and weapons industries require their weapon systems to be reliable. As inexpensive miniaturized sensors and affordable simulation tools have become available, the prognostics method has begun to attract the attention of engineers seeking a new way to increase and optimize system reliability. This paper presents the tools currently available and being developed for prognostics of military energetic systems. Key elements of the study were assessments of available energetic material models, as well as current and future sensors for monitoring the health of energetic systems. A roadmap for developing prognostic methodologies is proposed. C1 [Han, David K.; Anand, Davinder K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pecht, Michael G.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, PHMC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kavetsky, Robert] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head 20640, MD USA. RP Han, DK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM david_han@cecd.umd.edu; pecht@eng.umd.edu; dkanand@eng.umd.edu; bob.kavetsky@verizon.net NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-0-7803-9766-8 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2006 BP 59 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGS99 UT WOS:000250381800011 ER PT J AU Cook, MD Robson, K Jones, JR Rudinsky, SL Hodge, SD Clark, RF AF Cook, M. D. Robson, K. Jones, J. R. Rudinsky, S. L. Hodge, S. D. Clark, R. F. TI Salicylate testing in the emergency department: Are clinical features sufficient to rule out salicylate poisoning? SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. VASDHS, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 MA 225 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 072RJ UT WOS:000239690400230 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Azadi, S Butterworth, LF Meade, BJ AF Arfsten, D. P. Azadi, S. Butterworth, L. F. Meade, B. J. TI Hydrocarbon-based weapons maintenance compounds produce evidence of contact hypersensitivity in BALB/C mice SO CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact hypersensitivity; dermal irritation; hydrocarbons; organic esters; polyalphaolefin ID BREAK-FREE CLP(R); ACUTE TOXICITY; FLUID; OIL AB Unprotected dermal contact with weapons maintenance materials is highly probable during cleaning and maintenance of firearms. Several weapons maintenance materials of interest to the Department of Defense were evaluated for their irritating and sensitizing potential in a modified local lymph node assay (LLNA). Female BALB/c mice (n = 5) were topically exposed to Break-Free CLP, Royco 634, TW-25B, MC-25, or MC-2500. All compounds tested produced a positive response for irritancy and lymphocyte proliferation. Break-Free CLP and Royco 634 produced the greatest dermal irritation and highest LLNA stimulation index. Phenotyping of draining lymph node cells from animals treated with Break-Free CLP suggest that this material induces T-cell-mediated contact sensitization (Type IV hypersensitivity) in mice. These findings support the recommendation that persons handling or using weapons maintenance materials should protect their skin from repeated contact by wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Box 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM darfsten@dlj0ndsl.med.navy.mil FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001-03] NR 20 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9527 J9 CUTAN OCUL TOXICOL JI Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1080/15569520600860306 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 088ZP UT WOS:000240849900004 PM 16980244 ER PT J AU Ortiz, D Brown, J Abdelshehid, M DeLeon, P Dalton, R Mendez, L Soltero, J Pereira, M Hahn, M Lee, E Ogren, J Clark, R Foyos, J Es-Said, OS AF Ortiz, D Brown, J Abdelshehid, M DeLeon, P Dalton, R Mendez, L Soltero, J Pereira, M Hahn, M Lee, E Ogren, J Clark, R Foyos, J Es-Said, OS TI The effects of prolonged thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of C458 aluminum-lithium alloy SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE thermal exposure; C458 aluminum-lithium; failure assessment AB The effect of thermal exposure at 83, 135 and 177 degrees C up to 1000 h on the electrical resistivity, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of a peak aged Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, C458-T861 was studied. Good thermal stability in mechanical properties was observed up to 135 degrees C. The fracture toughness dropped both as a function of increasing temperature and times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Air Combat Syst, Northrop Grumman, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 7 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.10.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 980DV UT WOS:000232995100016 ER PT S AU Sorathia, U Perez, I AF Sorathia, U Perez, I BE Wilkie, CA Nelson, GL TI Navy R&D programs for improving the fire safety of composite materials SO FIRE AND POLYMERS IV: MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS FOR HAZARD PREVENTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div AB Due to their inherent characteristics, fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), also referred to as polymer matrix based composite materials (PMC), have been making steady inroads into naval military systems for the past 10-15 years Chief among their characteristics is the stiffness to weight ratio (much better than steel or aluminum), and the resistance to chemical attack (e g. corrosion resistance) US Navy is currently using sandwich composites in most surface ship topside applications The sandwich composite consists of brominated vinyl ester resin with glass or carbon reinforcement and balsa wood core. The unprotected vinyl ester based sandwich composite does not meet all of the Navy's fire performance goals for interior applications In order to use such composites inside the ship for manned spaces, it must be protected with either passive (fire insulation) and/or active (water mist) fire protection systems Such fire protection adds weight and cost Navy has invested over $10M over the last 5 yrs in SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) and STTR (Small Business Technology Transfer) programs to develop flame resistant polymers suitable for room or low temperature processing by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Such flame resistant resins could then be used to produce sandwich composites that would meet the Navy's fire growth requirements without the need for passive fire protection In this paper, we have presented summary of some of the R & D programs that the Navy is pursuing to address this issue Selected low cost screening test procedures to facilitate such development are also discussed. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3948-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2006 VL 922 BP 185 EP 198 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BED20 UT WOS:000236871600015 ER PT J AU Simon-Arndt, CM Hurtado, SL Patriarca-Troyk, LA AF Simon-Arndt, C. M. Hurtado, S. L. Patriarca-Troyk, L. A. TI Acceptance of web-based personalized feedback: User ratings of an alcohol misuse prevention program targeting US Marines SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PARALLEL PROCESS MODEL; BINGE DRINKING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; FEAR APPEALS; INTERVENTION; DRINKERS; CONSUMPTION; MESSAGE; PROJECT AB The use of Web-based programs for a variety of health education, risk reduction, and health promotion purposes can be a valuable tool in the effort to improve the health of a population. Providing theory-based personalized feedback through such a method can be particularly useful in alcohol misuse prevention efforts. A brief alcohol use feedback program was developed for members of the U.S. Marine Corps, and user-satisfaction ratings were collected from 167 participants. Approximately 44% of the sample found the program to be useful or very useful, and 46% of the sample reported that they were likely or very likely to recommend the Web site to others. The Web-based format with tailored responses was preferred by 85% of respondents over other more traditional methods of alcohol training, and 80% of participants felt that the feedback was appropriate for Marines in their community. Significantly higher usefulness, likelihood of recommending the program to others, and overall ratings of the program were reported among younger and nonheavy-drinking participants (p < .05). Results indicate that this computerized assessment and feedback program is a promising mechanism with which to provide personalized alcohol misuse prevention information. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Simon-Arndt, CM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM simonarndt@nhrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1207/s15327027hc2001_2 PG 10 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 067EL UT WOS:000239284400002 PM 16813485 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Lee, MWC Davenport, S AF Ross, EV Lee, MWC Davenport, S TI Application of a programmable infrared flashlamp for hair reduction in all skin types SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. E Bay Laser & Skin Care Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Cutera Corp, Brisbane, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 56 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900054 ER PT J AU Schulze, RA Harrison, B Ross, EV AF Schulze, RA Harrison, B Ross, EV TI Successful hair reduction with 810 nm diode laser coupled with bipolar radiofrequency SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 58 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900056 ER PT J AU Uebelhoer, NS Bogle, M Rohrer, TE Arndt, KA Dover, J AF Uebelhoer, NS Bogle, M Rohrer, TE Arndt, KA Dover, J TI Comparison of KTP (532 nm, Gemini) with pulsed dye laser (595 nm; V-beam) in the treatment of facial telangectasia and redness SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SkinCare Phys Chestnut Hill, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 71 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900069 ER PT J AU Bogle, MA Ubelhoer, N Weiss, RA Mayoral, F Kaminer, MS AF Bogle, MA Ubelhoer, N Weiss, RA Mayoral, F Kaminer, MS TI Evaluation of the multiple pass, low fluence algorithm for radiofrequency tightening of the lower face SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Laser & Cosmet Surg Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SkinCare Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA USA. Maryland Laser Skin & Vein Inst, Hunt Valley, MA USA. RI mayoral, fermin/C-2652-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 93 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900091 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Thomas, BC Clinton, TS Paithakar, DY AF Ross, EV Thomas, BC Clinton, TS Paithakar, DY TI Variable depth laser skin heating and tightening SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 97 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900095 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Ross, EV TI The long pulse alexandite laser as a skin rejuvenation tool SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 123 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900117 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV TI Use of a variable long pulse alexandrite laser in the treatment of superficial leg veins SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 121 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900115 ER PT J AU Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV AF Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M Ross, EV TI Use of a variable long pulse alexandrite laser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 05-09, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Candela Corp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2006 SU 18 MA 237 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 027JY UT WOS:000236412900209 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Fallis, S Lindsay, GA Petteys, BJ Yandek, GR Zang, DY Sanghadasa, M Ashley, PR AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Petteys, Brian J. Yandek, Gregory R. Zang, De-Yu Sanghadasa, Mohan Ashley, Paul R. BE Norwood, RA Eich, M Nunzi, JM TI Polyimides with attached chromophores for improved performance in electro-optical devices - art. no. 63310M SO Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials VI CY AUG 15-17, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polyimide; electro-optical modulator; polymer processing; non-linear optical chromophore ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYIMIDES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; CROSS-LINKING; POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN AB A method of chemical synthesis that allows for the facile attachment of a wide variety of chemical compounds, including highly active nonlinear optical chromophores, to polyimides has been developed recently at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division. The synthesis of these compounds is presented, along with a discussion of their relevant physical and chemical properties, alone and in comparison to equivalent guest/host materials. Examples of attached chromophores include the well-known Disperse Red 1, along with high-activity chromophores of more recent interest such as FTC and CLD. The synthesis of structures that contain both attached chromophores and chemical functionalities that enable thermal cross-linking of the polyimides is also discussed. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6410-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6331 BP M3310 EP M3310 AR 63310M DI 10.1117/12.681414 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BFI59 UT WOS:000242040400019 ER PT J AU Singh, S Halterman, K Elson, JM AF Singh, S Halterman, K Elson, JM TI An iterative method for the numerical solution of integral equations using the method of moments SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iterative method; method of moments; Levin transform; integral equations; convergence acceleration ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; TRANSFORMATIONS; CONVERGENCE AB We present the results of applying the Levin transform to accelerate the convergence of a vector sequence arising in the iterative solution of a system of linear equations. The system of equations is generated as a result of applying the method of moments (MoM) to solve an integral equation. Numerical examples are presented that include the solution of three different types of integral equations illustrating the usefulness of the method. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, 600 S Coll Ave, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1002/mop21281 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 994ZU UT WOS:000234070500036 ER PT J AU Won, E Ancona, M Carrigan, K Laverty, B Rhee, P AF Won, E Ancona, M Carrigan, K Laverty, B Rhee, P TI Humanitarian aid mission in East Timor: Experiences of US naval medical services SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONFLICT; MALARIA; HEALTH AB The U.S. military was actively involved in humanitarian aid throughout the world for much of the 20th century and is likely to continue in this role well into the 21st century. During the recent Western Pacific Deployment, we were called on to provide assistance to the local population in East Timor in what is called a humanitarian assistance operation. This article explores this increasingly important role of military medicine and is written in hopes of providing insight to future teams planning altruistic deployments to underserved countries. The spectrum of topics covered includes personnel, equipment, supplies, resources, and the type of medical needs that were met. This information may also be useful as a reference for military and nonmilitary health care workers who find themselves assisting people and nations in need. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Aviat Combat Element, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Fleet Surg Team 9, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carrigan, K (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 171 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JV UT WOS:000235832300008 PM 16532870 ER PT S AU Mullen, LJ Laux, AE Cochenour, B Zege, EP AF Mullen, Linda J. Laux, Alan E. Cochenour, Brandon Zege, Eleonora P. BE Deweert, MJ Saito, TT Guthmuller, HL TI FAMIS (Frequency Agile Modulated Imaging System) sensor for imaging in turbid water - art. no. 62040E SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security II CY APR 18-19, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL ID LIDAR AB Optical imaging in turbid ocean water is a challenge due to the high probability that light will scatter multiple times as it propagates to and from the object of interest. Techniques have been developed to suppress the contribution from scattered light and increase the image contrast, such as those using a pulsed source with a gated receiver or a modulated source with a coherent RF receiver. While improving the amplitude contrast of underwater images, these two approaches also have the capability of providing target range information. The effectiveness of each approach for both 2D and 3D imagery depends highly on the turbidity of the intervening water medium. This paper describes a system based on the optical modulation approach, the Frequency Agile Modulated Imaging System (FAMIS), and the techniques that have been developed to improve both amplitude and range imaging in turbid water. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6260-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2006 VL 6204 BP E2040 EP E2040 AR 62040E DI 10.1117/12.663779 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BER29 UT WOS:000239025300010 ER PT B AU Mutschler, DW AF Mutschler, David W. GP IEEE TI Enhancement of memory pools toward a multi-threaded implementation of the joint integrated mission model (JIMM) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The Joint Integrated Mission Model (JIMM). is a legacy real-time discrete-event simulator. Its initial singleth-readed implementation employed a memory pool to speed up run-time performance and easily checkpoint simulation state. Unfortunately, when JIMM started migrating to a multi-threaded implementation, this legacy memory pool was quickly identified as a bottleneck. This problem is addressed by dividing the memory into large chunks managed by a global controller but where thread-specific memory managers handled lower level memory allocation. This paper will focus on the legacy memory pool in JINIM and enhancements necessary for an efficient multi-threaded implementation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, AD, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mutschler, DW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, AD, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0500-8 PY 2006 BP 856 EP 862 DI 10.1109/WSC.2006.323168 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGE17 UT WOS:000246261201053 ER PT B AU Hess, DE Faller, WE Roddy, RF Pence, AM Fu, TC AF Hess, David E. Faller, William E. Roddy, Robert F., Jr. Pence, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. GP ASME TI Feedforward neural networks applied to problems in ocean engineering SO Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2006) CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div, ASME, Int Petr Technol Inst AB The Maneuvering and Control Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Div. (NSWCCD) along with Applied Simulation Technologies have been developing and applying feedforward neural networks (FFNN) to problems of naval interest in Ocean Engineering. A selection of these will be discussed. Together, they show the power of the nonlinear method as well as its utility in diverse applications. Experimental data describing a subset of the B-Screw series of propellers operating in all four quadrants have been reported by MARIN in the Netherlands. The data contain varying pitch to diameter ratios, expanded area ratios, number of blades and advance-angle. These four variables were used to train a FFNN to predict the four-quadrant thrust and torque characteristics for the entire B-screw series over a range of beta from 0 to 360 deg. The results show excellent agreement with the existing data and provide a means for estimating 4-quadrant performance for the entire series. For submarine simulation and design, knowledge of the total forces and moments acting on the hull as a function of angle-of-attack, sideslip angle and dimensionless turning rate across a large parameter space is required. This data is acquired experimentally and/or numerically and can be used to train a FFNN to act as a Virtual Tow Tank or Hirtual CFD Code. The network not only recovers the training data but also serves as a very fast, nonlinear six degree-of-freedom look-up table of the forces and moments acting on the hull throughout the parameter space described by the vehicle dynamics. Example solutions demonstrating this approach will be presented. Wave impact loads pose continuing problems for vessels in high sea states, with damage to hatches and appendages, suggesting that these loads may be greater than current design guidelines. Such forcing is complex and often difficult to estimate numerically. Experimental data were acquired at NSWC to measure the hydrodynamic loads of regular, non-breaking waves on a plate and a cylinder while varying incident wave height, wavelength, wave steepness, plate angle and immersion level of the plate/cylinder. Predictions of wave impact forces from a FFNN trained on the experimental data will be presented. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hess, DE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4747-3 PY 2006 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BGP27 UT WOS:000249368000058 ER PT S AU Pence, AM Fu, TC Jiang, M Hong, YS AF Pence, Anne M. Fu, Thomas C. Jiang, Minyee Hong, Young S. BE Ayer, R Chung, JS Ames, N Wheat, HG TI Investigation of wave impact load guidelines for ship appendages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH (2006) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA DE wave; impact; pressure; force; Navy; COMET ID PRESSURES AB Damage to hatches and other appendages of vessels in the Navy fleet suggests that current wave impact design practices may be insufficient. This paper will describe an experiment that was performed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division in 2005 to measure the hydrodynarnic loads of regular, non-breaking waves on a 1 foot (0.305 m) square plate and a 19 inch (0.483 m) diameter cylinder, and discuss the results from this effort. The loads were recorded while varying incident wave height, wavelength, wave steepness, plate angle and immersion level of the plate/cylinder. Impact coefficients for normal force to the plate are determined for varying submergence, angle, and wave steepness. The experimental results are compared with previous literature, as well as the predictions of the forces and moments from a computational fluid dynamics code, COMET. COMET is a volume-of-fluid, Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes commercial CFD code. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Maneuvering & Control Div, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Pence, AM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Maneuvering & Control Div, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2006 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BEZ45 UT WOS:000240311700077 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Mock, W Carney, JR How, WH Pangilinan, GI Gamache, RM Boteler, JM Bohl, DG Drotar, J Lawrence, GW AF Lee, R. J. Mock, W., Jr. Carney, J. R. How, W. H. Pangilinan, G. I. Gamache, R. M. Boteler, J. M. Bohl, D. G. Drotar, J. Lawrence, G. W. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Reactive materials studies SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE reactive materials; PTFE/Al; time-resolved spectroscopy; framing camera; impact ignition; direct impact; indirect impact; two-step impact ID EMISSION-SPECTRA; ALUMINUM; CF4 AB Three experimental techniques have been used to investigate the impact ignition of reactive materials. The three techniques are direct impact, indirect impact and two-step impact. For the first two techniques, time-resolved light spectroscopy was used to identify reaction species from solid PTFE/Al reactive material. A common observation for these two techniques is that heating and some reaction was observed during initial impact of the PTFE/Al reactive material but the majority of the reaction appeared to occur following material breakup and subsequent impact with a secondary surface. There was no spectral evidence for aluminum-fluorine combustion. For the two-step impact technique, the reactive material was initially pulverized as it passed through a thin plate and then subsequently ignited when the debris cloud impacted a rigid anvil. All three experiments were observed with high-speed photography. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 169 EP 174 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600037 ER PT S AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Kuklja, Maija M. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Equation of state of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene from first principles SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE ab-initio calculations; equation of state; Hartree-Fock; DFT; organic molecular crystal AB We report calculations of the full equation of state for the explosive FOX-7 that give results which compare well with experimental data reported by Peiris and colleagues. The mechanical compression curve was calculated with CRYSTAL98 using the Hartree-Fock method, and the thermal contribution to the free energy was calculated from the phonon frequency spectrum obtained with density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation (LDA) with the code ABINIT. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM zerillifj@ih.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 183 EP 186 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600040 ER PT S AU Jouet, RJ Granholm, RH Sandusky, HW Warren, AD AF Jouet, R. Jason Granholm, Richard H. Sandusky, Harold W. Warren, Andrea D. BE Furnish, MD Elert, M Russell, TP White, CT TI Preparation and shock reactivity analysis of novel perfluoroalkyl-coated aluminum nanocomposites SO Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condense d-Matter CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Phys Soc, Top Grp Shock Compress Condensed Matter DE aluminum composite; nanoparticles; passivation; shock reactivity AB Passivation of unpassivated aluminum. nanoparticles using C13F27COOH with materials containing 32.95% Al is reported. Characterization, including SEM, TGA, and ATR-FTIR, indicate that C13F27COOH binds to the Al particle protecting the surface from oxidation. Small Scale Shock Reactivity Test (SSRT) results of the Al-C13F27COOH material formulated with HMX with and without HTPB binder are presented. The results for the non-HTPB-filled tests indicate a prompt reaction producing a dent 98.3% of that of similarly formulated mu m-size Al. A larger dent was observed for a binder-filled sample containing HMX, Al-C13F27COOH and HTPB than for a comparable sample containing mu m-Al. These results are significant in that the mu m-size Al particles are approximately 99.7% active Al whereas the Al-C13F27COOH material contains only 32.95% active Al. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0341-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 845 BP 1527 EP 1530 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BEX71 UT WOS:000240034600358 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA Yanagi, MA Pak, ES Peery, TS Ruff, GA AF Bradshaw, D. A. Yanagi, M. A. Pak, E. S. Peery, T. S. Ruff, G. A. TI Actigraphy evaluation of sleep preceding multiple sleep latency testing SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 17-22, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Associated Process Sleep Soc C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2006 VL 29 SU S MA 1007 BP A344 EP A344 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 047ZH UT WOS:000237916701384 ER PT J AU Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Yoganandan, N Pintar, FA Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Aktay, R Shender, BS Paskoff, G TI Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; cervical spine; human subjects ID FOLLOW-UP AB Study Design. This study determined bone mineral density (BMD) of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae in healthy asymptomatic human subjects. Objectives. To test the hypothesis that BMD of neck vertebrae (C2-C7) is equivalent to BMD of lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4). Summary of Background Data. BMD of lumbar vertebrae is correlated to their strength. Although numerous studies exist quantifying BMD of the human lumbar spine, such information for the cervical spine is extremely limited. In addition, BMD correlations are not established between the two regions of the spinal column. Methods. Adult healthy human female volunteers with ages ranging from 18 to 40 years underwent quantitative computed tomography (CT) scanning of the neck and back. All BMD data were statistically analyzed using paired nonrepeating measures ANOVA techniques. Significance was assigned at a P < 0.05. Linear regression analyses were used to compare BMD as a function of level and region; +/- 95% confidence intervals were determined. Results. When data were grouped by cervical (C2-C7), thoracic (T1), and lumbar (L2-L4) spines, mean BMD was 260.8 +/- 42.5, 206.9 +/- 33.5, and 179.7 +/- 23.4 mg/mL. Average BMD of cervical vertebrae was higher than (P < 0.0001) thoracic and lumbar spines. Correlations between BMD and level indicated the lowest r value for T1 (0.42); in general, the association was the strongest in the lumbar spine (r = 0.89-0.95). The cervical spine also responded with good correlations among cervical vertebrae (r ranging from 0.66 to 0.87). Conclusions. The present study failed to support the hypothesis that BMD of lumbar spine vertebrae is equivalent to its cranial counterparts. The lack of differences in BMD among the three lumbar vertebral bodies confirms the appropriateness of using L2, L3, or L4 in clinical or biomechanical situations. However, significant differences were found among different regions of the vertebral column, with the cervical spine demonstrating higher trabecular densities than the thoracic and lumbar spines. In addition, the present study found statistically significant variations in densities even among neck vertebrae. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. VA Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Yoganandan, N (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM yoga@mcw.edu NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JAN 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000192684.12046.93 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 998VD UT WOS:000234347100016 PM 16395180 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, MC TI Suzuki cross-coupling method to prepare 4,4 ''-diamino-p-terphenyl SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diamino; dinitro; palladium; Suzuki reaction; terphenyl AB The synthesis of 4,4 ''- dinitro-p-terphenyl is accomplished by double Suzuki cross-coupling. The product was reduced catalytically to give 4,4 ''- diamino-p-terphenyl in 75% overall yield. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1346 DI 10.1080/00397910500521845 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 033MY UT WOS:000236853700003 ER PT J AU Comach, G Sierra, G Figuera, A Guzman, D Soler, M Guevara, C de Quintana, MC Espinoza, A Rios, Z Perez, J Bracho, M Feo, O Villalobos, I Sandoval, N Russell, K Kochel, T Blair, P Olson, JG AF Comach, Guillermo Sierra, Gloria Figuera, Andreina Guzman, Diamelis Soler, Maritza Guevara, Carolina de Quintana, Maritza Cabello Espinoza, Angelica Rios, Zonia Perez, Juan Bracho, Mergiory Feo, Oscar Villalobos, Iris Sandoval, Nidia Russell, Kevin Kochel, Tadeusz Blair, Patrick Olson, James G. TI Spatial and temporal incidence of dengue virus infections in school-children from Maracay, Venezuela: 2001-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Comach, Guillermo; Sierra, Gloria; Guzman, Diamelis; Soler, Maritza; de Quintana, Maritza Cabello; Bracho, Mergiory; Feo, Oscar] Lardidev Biomed Univ Carabobo, Corposalud Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela. [Figuera, Andreina] Biomed Univ Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela. [Guevara, Carolina; Espinoza, Angelica; Rios, Zonia; Perez, Juan; Kochel, Tadeusz; Blair, Patrick; Olson, James G.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Sandoval, Nidia] Hosp Cent Maracay, Corposalud Aragua, Maracy, Venezuela. [Russell, Kevin] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 SU S MA 261 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA V44GA UT WOS:000202990000261 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Grillo, M Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Grillo, M Wallace, MR TI HIV care in the US Navy: A multidisciplinary approach SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; AIDS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; DISEASE; COHORT; PERSONNEL; THERAPY; PROGRAM AB We provide a review of the medical care provided to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive service members in the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. An overview of the history of HIV and its impact on the U.S. Navy is presented. We also explain the policies of mandatory HIV testing within the U.S. Navy and the evaluation process for those found to have HIV infection. We specifically describe the multidisciplinary HIV medical care provided at Naval Medical Center San Diego, which is one of three HIV specialty clinics within the U.S. Navy. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, US Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 170 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1025 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JU UT WOS:000235832200008 PM 16491939 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA AF Carstairs, SD Tanen, DA TI Case studies in pediatric toxicology SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; RATTLESNAKE ENVENOMATIONS; SNAKE ENVENOMATION; PORCINE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; ASSOCIATION; FAILURE; NITRITE C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. USN Med Corps, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, 34-800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. EM dtanen@yahoo.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 12 BP 973 EP + PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 992SE UT WOS:000233903400009 PM 16419735 ER PT J AU Santiago, PN McLay, RN Hammer, PS AF Santiago, PN McLay, RN Hammer, PS TI Meteorologic factors in emergency evaluation, admission, and discharge SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. RP Santiago, PN (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1625 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.56.12.1625 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 991OE UT WOS:000233822500031 PM 16339639 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Crum, NF AF Lederman, ER Crum, NF TI Pyogenic liver abscess and occult colon cancer - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; TAIWAN C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 100 IS 11 BP 2596 EP 2597 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00305_2.x PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 976ZD UT WOS:000232771300036 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Trock, B Cohen, P Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Trock, B Cohen, P Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Terris, MK CA Shared Equal Regional Canc Hosp TI Racial differences in prognostic value of adult height for biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-3; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-MASS INDEX; CANCER RISK; IGF-I; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES AB Purpose: Adult height, as a surrogate of childhood and adolescent hormone activity and diet, has been associated with the risk for development and death from prostate cancer in predominantly White populations. However, hormonal activity and diets vary between races. We examined whether height was significantly associated with biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy and whether there was an interaction between height and race. Experimental Design: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine if height significantly predicted biochemical progression among 1,503 men (450 Black and 1,053 White) treated with radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2003. We examined for possible interactions between height and race. Results:Taller men (> 175.3 cm) were significantly younger (P = 0.001), treated in more recent years (P = 0.02), had more clinical stageT(1) disease (P = 0.001), and were less likely to have extraprostatic extension (P = 0.02) than shorter men (<= 175.3 cm). Height was not significantly related to race, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations, biopsy or pathologic Gleason sum, positive surgical margins, seminal vesicle invasion, or lymph node metastasis. Height was significantly associated with progression among Black men [relative risk (RR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.00-2.79] but not among White men (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.77-1.38). The interaction between race and height for predicting biochemical progression was statistically significant (P-interaction = 0-05). Conclusions: There was an interaction between height and race in that height predicted progression for Black men but not for White men. The explanation for these findings is unclear, although lower insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 concentrations among Black men may be involved. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938]; NIA NIH HHS [R01AG20954]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD047013] NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 21 BP 7735 EP 7742 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0785 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 984VC UT WOS:000233331400021 PM 16278394 ER PT J AU Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC AF Davignon, L Walter, EA Mueller, KM Barrozo, CP Stenger, DA Lin, BC CA Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance Con TI Use of resequencing oligonucleotide microarrays for identification of streptococcus pyogenes and associated antibiotic resistance determinants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PCR; DNA; MACROLIDE; ARRAYS; GENE; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS AB Group A streptococci (GAS) are responsible for a wide variety of human infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Ever since the first systematic effort by Lancefield to group Streptococcus species by M protein variants, the detection and characterization of Streptococcus by different methods have been an evolving process. The ideal assay for GAS identification not only would provide quick and accurate diagnostic results but also would reveal antibiotic resistance patterns and genotype information, aiding not only in treatment but in epidemiologic assessment as well. The oligonucleotide microarray is a promising new technology which could potentially address this need. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of oligonucleotide resequencing microarrays for identifying GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated an assay platform that combines the use of resequencing DNA microarrays with either random nucleic acid amplification or multiplex PCR for GAS detection. When detecting Streptococcus pyogenes from coded clinical samples, this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with a more established culture method. To this end, we showed the potential of resequencing microarrays for efficient and accurate detection of GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers with the benefit of sequencing information from microarray analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Malcom Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Texas A&M Univ, San Antonio, TX 78223 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5690 EP 5695 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5690-5695.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200044 PM 16272506 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Osuna, M Yingst, S Rakha, M Earhart, K Elyan, D Esmat, H Saad, MD Kajon, A Wu, JG Gray, GC Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Metzgar, D Osuna, M Yingst, S Rakha, M Earhart, K Elyan, D Esmat, H Saad, MD Kajon, A Wu, JG Gray, GC Ryan, MAK Russell, KL TI PCR analysis of Egyptian respiratory adenovirus isolates, including identification of species, serotypes, and coinfections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME TYPE ANALYSIS; MULTIPLEX PCR; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRACT INFECTIONS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; 18,000 INFANTS; E3 REGION; TYPE-7; PNEUMONIA; STRAINS AB Eighty-eight adenovirus (Ad) isolates and associated clinical data were collected from walk-in patients with influenza-like illness in Egypt during routine influenza surveillance from 1999 through 2002. Respiratory Ad distributions are geographically variable, and serotype prevalence has not been previously characterized in this region. Serotype identity is clinically relevant because it predicts vaccine efficacy and correlates strongly with both clinical presentation and epidemiological pattern. Species and serotype identities were determined using several well-validated multiplex PCR protocols culled from the literature and supplemented with a few novel primer sets designed to identify rare types. The isolates included common species B1 serotypes (Ad3 and AV), common species C serotypes (Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5), the less common species B2 serotype Ad11, and three isolates of the rare species B1 serotype Ad16. Two isolates that appear to be variant Ad16 were also identified. Fifteen coinfections of multiple adenoviral types, primarily AdB/AdC and Ad3/Ad7 dual infections, were detected. The majority of these were verified using redundant PCR tests targeted at multiple genes. PCR is able to resolve coinfections, in contrast to traditional serum neutralization tests. PCR is also comparatively rapid and requires very little equipment. Application of the method allowed an inclusive determination of the serotypes found in the Egyptian respiratory sample set and demonstrated that coinfections are common and may play a previously unrecognized role in adenovirus pathogenesis, evolution, and epidemiology. In particular, coinfections may influence adenoviral evolution, as interserotypic recombination has been identified as a source of emerging strains. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defense, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Arab Republ Egypt, Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Defense, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-04] NR 35 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5743 EP 5752 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5743-5752.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200050 PM 16272512 ER PT J AU Park, JT Cutbirth, JM Brewer, WH AF Park, JT Cutbirth, JM Brewer, WH TI Experimental methods for hydrodynamic characterization of a very large water tunnel SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION AB The methodology for hydrodynamic characterization of a very large water tunnel is described. Results are presented for the U. S. Navy William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel in Memphis, Tennessee, the world's largest water tunnel. Three key characteristics of tunnel velocity were measured: temporal stability, spatial uniformity, and turbulence. The velocity stability at a single point for run times greater than 2 h was measured as +/- 0.15% at the 95% confidence level for velocities from 0.5 to 18 m/s(1.6-59 ft/s). The spatial nonuniformity for the axial velocity component was +/- 0.34 to +/- 0.60% for velocities from 3 to 16 m/s(9.8-52 ft/s). The relative turbulence intensity was measured as 0.2-0.5% depending on tunnel velocity. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. US Navy William B Morgan Large Cavitat Channel, Memphis, TN 38113 USA. Fluid Phys Int, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Park, JT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM joel.park@navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1214 DI 10.1115/1.2060740 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 984DJ UT WOS:000233282400021 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL May, P Gold, SR Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL May, P Gold, SR Milner, JS TI Predicting adult risk of child physical abuse from childhood exposure to violence: Can interpersonal schemata explain the association? SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ABUSE; ATTACHMENT STYLE; POTENTIAL INVENTORY; SOCIAL INFORMATION; OBJECT RELATIONS; PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS; CONFLICT-RESOLUTION; ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; MALTREATMENT; MEDIATOR AB Interpersonal schemata were examined to explain the association between childhood exposure to violence-including child physical abuse (CPA), child sexual abuse, and domestic violence-and adult risk of CPA perpetration. In a sample of male and female U.S. Navy recruits (N = 4,812), all forms of childhood violence and models of the self and others were predictive of increased adult CPA risk, and their effects were additive. Interpersonal schemata did not moderate or mediate the relationship between childhood violence and adult CPA risk; instead, interpersonal schemata were independent predictors of adult risk of CPA perpetration. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0736-7236 J9 J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 981 EP 1002 DI 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.981 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 993ZB UT WOS:000233997800004 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Isaacs, WB Platz, EA Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Kane, CJ AF Freedland, SJ Isaacs, WB Platz, EA Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Kane, CJ TI Prostate size and risk of high-grade, advanced prostate cancer and biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy: A search database study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW SERUM TESTOSTERONE; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; UROLOGIC MEASURES; ANTIGEN ERA; HYPERPLASIA; RECURRENCE; MEN; YOUNGER; STAGE AB Purpose Prostate growth and differentiation are under androgenic control, and prior studies suggested that tumors that develop in hypogonadal men are more aggressive. We examined whether prostate weight was associated with tumor grade, advanced disease, or risk of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients and Methods We evaluated the association of prostate weight with pathologic tumor grade, positive surgical margins, extracapsular disease, and seminal vesicle invasion using logistic regression and with biochemical progression using Cox proportional hazards regression among 1,602 men treated with BP between 1988 and 2003 at five equal-access medical centers, which composed the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Database. Results In outcome prediction models including multiple predictor variables, it was found that the predictor variable of prostate weight was significantly inversely associated with the outcomes of high-grade disease, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension (all P <= .004), and biochemical progression (comparing prostate weight < 20 v >= 100 g: relative risk = 8.43; 95% CI, 2.9 to 24.0; P < .001). Similar associations were seen between preoperative transrectal ultrasound-measured prostate volume and high-grade disease, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension (all P <= .005), seminal vesicle invasion (P = .07), and biochemical progression (P = .06). Conclusion Men with smaller prostates had more high-grade cancers and more advanced disease and were at greater risk of progression after RP. These results suggest that prostate size may be an important prognostic variable that should be evaluated for use pre- and postoperatively to predict biochemical progression. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Care Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Vet Adm, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Urol, Sch Med,Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect,Dept Surg, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, R01CA100938] NR 46 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD OCT 20 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 30 BP 7546 EP 7554 DI 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.025 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 979IJ UT WOS:000232935300028 PM 16234520 ER PT J AU Pham, T Steele, J Stayboldt, C Chan, L Benirschke, A AF Pham, T Steele, J Stayboldt, C Chan, L Benirschke, A TI Seven new cases of placental mesenchymal dysplasia resulting in fetal growth restriction and demise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 08-11, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, Chula Vista, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 124 IS 4 MA 088 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 966RD UT WOS:000232037700109 ER PT J AU Aizpuru, N Le, D McDonald, J McLennan, L Tewfik, S Lee, EW Piatkowski, D Foyos, J Ogren, J McLennan, J Es-Said, OS AF Aizpuru, N Le, D McDonald, J McLennan, L Tewfik, S Lee, EW Piatkowski, D Foyos, J Ogren, J McLennan, J Es-Said, OS TI The effect of flash annealing on the mechanical and electrical properties of previously used AM2 mats composed of Al 6061-T6 SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis (ICEFA-1) CY JUL 12-14, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Elsevier & Engn Failure Analysis DE aluminium 6061-T6; flash annealing; vertical take off and landing (VTOL) aircraft; mechanical properties AB Used AM2 mats (aircraft landing platforms) composed of Aluminum 6061-T6 were machined into tensile and conductivity bars. Samples were then subjected to five different temperatures: 315.6, 371.1, 426.7, 482.2 and 537.8 degrees C (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 F), seven different time intervals (10, 20, 30, 70, 90, 120 and 150 s), and eight different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 times). The ultimate strength, yield strength, and percent elongation of the samples were determined. Conductivity and hardness tests were also performed to assess the effect of thermal exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Natl Sci Fdn Res Expt Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Natl Sci Fdn Res Expt Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.12.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 950SP UT WOS:000230878000005 ER PT J AU Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Lee, EU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K TI Effects of various environments on fatigue crack growth in Laser formed and IM Ti-6Al-4V alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE fatigue crack growth; stress ratio; Delta K; K-max; environmental effect; stress intensity; stress corrosion cracking; Laser formed and IM Ti-6Al-4V alloys ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; STRESS RATIO; THRESHOLD; BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; STEELS; PROPAGATION; EXPLANATION; VACUUM AB The fatigue crack growth behaviors of Laser formed and ingot metallurgy (IM) Ti-6Al-4V alloys were studied in three environments: vacuum, air and 3.5% NaCl solution. Taking the Unified Fatigue Damage Approach, the fatigue crack growth data were analyzed with two intrinsic parameters, stress intensity amplitude Delta K and maximum stress intensity K-max, and their limiting values Delta K* and K-max*. Fatigue crack growth rates da/dN were found increase with stress ratio R, highest in 3.5% NaCl solution, somewhat less in air and lowest in vacuum, and higher in IM alloy than in Laser formed one. In 3.5% NaCl solution, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was superimposed on fatigue at R = 0.9 for where K-max > K-ISCC, the threshold stress intensity for SCC. This and environment-assisted fatigue crack growth were evidenced by the deviation in fatigue crack growth trajectory (Delta K-double dagger vs. K-max* curve) from the pure fatigue line where Delta K* = K-max*. Furthermore, the fractographic features, identified along the trajectory path, reflected the fatigue crack growth behaviors of both alloys in a given environment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.013 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300057 ER PT J AU Barlow, KW Chandra, R AF Barlow, KW Chandra, R TI Fatigue crack propagation simulation in an aircraft engine fan blade attachment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials CY SEP 19-24, 2004 CL Hyannis, MA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USAF Res Lab, US Off Naval Res Headquarters, USA Res Off DE crack propagation; fracture; simulation; engine; fan blade ID MIXED-MODE; DOVETAIL JOINTS; GROWTH; THRESHOLDS AB This paper discusses the computation of three-dimensional fatigue crack growth rates in a typical military aircraft engine fan blade attachment under centrifugal and aerodynamic loads. The three-dimensional crack growth simulations utilize FRANC3D, a state-of-the-art crack propagation software developed at Cornell University, which uses boundary elements and linear elastic fracture mechanics. With an existing three-dimensional finite element contact stress analysis with a prescribed coefficient of friction (COF) along the contact surface, the displacements and stress intensity factors are calculated on the crack leading edge to yield crack propagation trajectories and growth rates. Due to complex geometry of the fan blade attachment and loading conditions, all three-fracture modes are considered and the associated stress intensity factors (SIF) are calculated using the Crack Opening Displacement (COD) approach. Crack propagation trajectories under mixed-mode conditions are obtained using the planar and maximum tangential stress crack-extension criteria. The fatigue crack in the blade attachment is subjected to an over speed mission cycle that includes high cycle frequencies (i.e., spectrum load) and the crack growth rate is predicted utilizing the Forman-Newman-de Koning (FNK) model. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of a cracked component from an engine ASMET (Accelerated Simulated Mission Endurance Test) are used to evaluate and compare the simulation results. The calculated SIF's from the simulations indicate a strong Mode-I (K-I) and Mode-III (K-III) interaction at the edge of contact (EOC). However, on the free surface it is primarily a crack opening (KI) condition only. The crack growth rates are determined using the planar extension criterion which correlates better with the test data than the maximum tangential stress extension criteria. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Naval Air Syst Command Prop & Power Engn, NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Barlow, KW (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command Prop & Power Engn, NAVAIR, 22195 Elmer Rd,Bldg 106, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM kenneth.barlow@navy.mil NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD OCT-DEC PY 2005 VL 27 IS 10-12 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 986ZD UT WOS:000233487300064 ER PT J AU Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T AF Merfeld, G Mordhorst, S Koeniger, R Acar, AE Molaison, C Suriano, J Irwin, P Warner, RS Gray, K Smith, M Kovaleski, K Garrett, G Finley, S Meredith, D Spicer, M Naguy, T TI Development of low temperature curing, 120 degrees C, durable, corrosion protection powder coatings for temperature sensitive substrates SO JCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual International Waterborne, High-Solids and Power Coatings Symposium CY 2004 CL New Orleans, IA DE differential scanning calorimetry; catalysis; corrosion; corrosion protection; powder; aluminum; low temperature cure ID BLOCKED ISOCYANATES-III; PART AB Commercial low temperature cure powder coatings, including candidates representative of all the major coating chemistries, were evaluated. Nearly all failed to adequately react at a cure schedule of 120 degrees C for 30 min, and none, even when prepared at their manufacturer's lowest recommended cure conditions, met the stringent performance needs for temperature-sensitive military applications. Initial research is presented toward developing low temperature cure powder coatings that simultaneously meet all performance requirements at this target cure schedule. Using commercial resins, corrosion inhibitors, and catalysts,. this research effort has closed gaps in low temperature cure coating performance and has helped to identify critical deficiencies. This study establishes direction for future developments in new resin and catalyst technologies. C1 GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. Crosslink Powder Coatings Inc, Clearwater, FL USA. Honeywell Dept Energy, Kansas City, MO USA. NavAir, Patuxent River, MD USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merfeld, G (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Cir,Bldg K1,Room 4B37, Niskayuna, NY USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 JCT RES JI JCT Res. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 2 IS 8 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1007/BF02774595 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 977DG UT WOS:000232782000009 ER PT J AU Liu, J Fan, L DeVoe, DL AF Liu, J Fan, L DeVoe, DL TI Microfabricated sequential-leaf time-delay mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzing; safety and arming; time delay ID SWITCHES AB Arrays of micromechanical sequential-leaf time-delay mechanisms based on SOI/DRIE technology have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The devices were designed as elements of a larger fuzing system for rifled munitions, in which a passive timing mechanism triggers at a predetermined rotational speed, followed by a desired delay time before the next element of the munition fuzing train is activated. Analytical models for the micromechanical timing mechanisms have been developed, and a variety of designs were simulated from the linear and nonlinear models, and using dynamics simulation software. Fabricated mechanism arrays designed to initiate switching at centrifugal accelerations from 44 to 263 g were characterized using a high-speed camera, with delay times of between 0.67 and 0.95 ms achieved for single elements within the arrays. Measured delay times and switching accelerations follow predicted trends based on analytical and numerical models. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Microengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Microengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@eng.umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1060 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.851868 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 974DH UT WOS:000232571000019 ER PT J AU Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE AF Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE TI Optimal S/N fatigue testing for stochastic service loads SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB An optimal protocol for stress range/number of cycles (S/N) life testing is developed. The objective is to obtain an S/N curve that will minimize the error in predictions of the service life, taking into account the fact that there is always uncertainty about an S/N curve derived from limited testing. The mathematical results apply to any problem in which there is uncertainty not only about the properties of the specimen, but also about the stress ranges that will be applied under service loads. It is shown that finding the testing procedure that will truly minimize the mean-squared error requires the solution of a quartic equation, but good approximate results can be obtained from the roots of a quadratic equation. Furthermore, it is easy to determine the consequences of using a nonoptimal testing procedure. The results are illustrated by their application to simple and commonly used models for fatigue prediction. Some numerical integration is required when the method is applied for most distributions of service stress ranges, but this is not true for the log-normal distribution and graphical results are presented which allow direct application for the popular Weibull model. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lutes, LD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3136 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2005 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1619 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:10(1611) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 966ZY UT WOS:000232062500014 ER PT J AU Sakai, H Sheer, TA Mendler, MH Runyon, BA AF Sakai, H Sheer, TA Mendler, MH Runyon, BA TI Choosing the location for non-image guided abdominal paracentesis SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ascites; location; obesity; paracentesis; ultrasound ID COMPLICATIONS; ASCITES AB Objectives: The optimal location for paracentesis has not been studied scientifically. The evolving obesity epidemic has changed the physique of many patients with cirrhosis and ascites such that needles inserted into the abdominal wall may not reach fluid. We aimed to determine the location for paracentesis that would have the thinnest abdominal wall and the deepest amount of fluid. Methods: Ultrasound measurements of abdominal wall thickness and depth of ascites were recorded in two locations, the infraumbilical midline (ML) and the left lower quadrant (LLQ), in 52 patients with cirrhosis and ascites admitted to a single inpatient liver unit. Results: The abdominal wall was significantly thinner (1.8 vs. 2.4 cm; P < 0.001) and the depth of ascites greater (2.86 vs. 2.29 cm; P = 0.017) in the LLQ as compared with the infraumbilical ML position. In the left lateral oblique position, the difference in the depth of ascites was more pronounced when comparing the LLQ with the infraumbilical ML (4.57 vs. 2.78 cm; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The LLQ is preferable to the ML infraumbilical location for performing paracentesis. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Kashiwa City Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Chiba, Japan. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Div Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sakai, H (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Internal Med, 11234 Anderson St, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. EM brunyon@ahs.llumc.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 25 IS 5 BP 984 EP 986 DI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01149.x PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 963SH UT WOS:000231825700011 PM 16162157 ER PT J AU McDonough, EA Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Metzgar, D AF McDonough, EA Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Metzgar, D TI A multiplex PCR for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis in clinical specimens SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE multiplex PCR; atypical pneumonia; primer design; Legionnaires' disease; pertussis; bacterial pneumonia ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; P1 CYTADHESIN GENE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; TARGETING IS481; MIP GENE; INFECTION; ASSAY; PARAPERTUSSIS AB A multiplex PCR was developed that is capable of detecting four of the most important bacterial agents of atypical pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis in uncultured patient specimens. These organisms cause similar symptomologies and are often not diagnosed because they are difficult to identify with classical methods such as culture and serology. Given this. the overall impact of these pathogens on public health may be grossly underestimated. The molecular test presented here provides a simple method for identification of four common, yet diagnostically challenging, pathogens. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 314 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.05.002 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 969QB UT WOS:000232248400003 PM 16024220 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT King, S Solomon, DJ Bell, SJ Mologne, TS AF Provencher, MT King, S Solomon, DJ Bell, SJ Mologne, TS TI Recurrent posterior shoulder instability: Diagnosis and management SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior shoulder instability; shoulder instability; arthroscopic; posterior labrum; posterior capsulorrhaphy ID ROTATOR INTERVAL CAPSULE; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; GLENOID LABRUM; POSTEROINFERIOR INSTABILITY; ANTERIOR INSTABILITY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT ARTHROGRAPHY; JERK TEST AB Posterior shoulder instability is a relatively rare condition and surgical challenge. Arthroscopic techniques have allowed for improved diagnosis and management of this condition. The purposes of this report are to outline the problem of posterior shoulder instability, review the biomechanics and relevant pathoanatomy, and describe our preferred surgical technique. Our results of arthroscopic treatment of posterior instability will also be discussed and pearls for operative success highlighted. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Sports Med, Appleton, WI USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mtprovencher@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.004 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100005 ER PT J AU Lovell, M Collins, M Pardini, JE Parodi, CDRA Yates, A AF Lovell, M Collins, M Pardini, JE Parodi, CDRA Yates, A TI Management of cerebral concussion in military personnel: Lessons learned from sports medicine SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE concussion; cerebral concussion; military injuries ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-PERFORMANCE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HIGH-SCHOOL; STATEMENT; RECOVERY AB This article reviews concussion management in the military, with specific reference to the acute assessment and management of injured combat military personnel. Recent research on concussion and recovery is used as a foundation for understanding issues unique to a military population, as well as universal issues in the care of concussed individuals. We explain current uses of neuropsychological testing in military, as well as suggest future directions. A protocol for the acute management and assessment of concussions sustained through military service is provided, as are recommendations for the treatment of more chronic postconcussion symptoms and other trauma-related conditions which may present following concussion. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, UPMC Sports Med Concuss Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. NFL Neuropsychol Testing Program, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NHL Neuropsychol Testing Program, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Pittsburgh Steelers, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Lovell, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, UPMC Sports Med Concuss Program, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM lovellmr@msx.upmc.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2006.01.005 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 034AA UT WOS:000236895100007 ER PT J AU Krouse, JH Roland, PS Marple, BF Wall, GM Hannley, M Golla, S Hunsaker, D AF Krouse, JH Roland, PS Marple, BF Wall, GM Hannley, M Golla, S Hunsaker, D TI Optimal duration of allergic rhinitis clinical trials SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS NASAL SPRAY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ONCE-DAILY FEXOFENADINE; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; INTRANASAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; OLOPATADINE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ACTIVE-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DAILY CETIRIZINE HCL AB OBJECTIVE: Guidelines have been published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the conduct of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) studies. These guidelines have differences regarding the duration of such trials: the FDA suggests 2 weeks for SAR and 4 weeks for PAR but the EMEA suggests 2 to 4 weeks for SAR and 6 to 12 weeks for PAR trials. In the interest of global harmonization, it would be desirable to have a uniform duration of such trials so that investigators, internationally, would be able to readily compare results for various types of treatments based on a single standard. Therefore, we performed an evidence-based review to answer the clinical question, What is the optimal duration for SAR and PAR clinical trials? METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE search of the published literature from 1995 to the present. We used appropriate search terms, such as allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, SAR, and PAR, to identify pertinent articles. These articles were reviewed and graded according to the evidence quality. RESULTS: After an initial screening of more than 300 articles, 138 articles were analyzed thoroughly. No study specifically addressed the question of the optimal duration of SAR or PAR clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the current FDA (draft) guidelines calling for a study length of 2 weeks for the assessment of drug efficacy for SAR and 4 weeks for the study of drug efficacy in PAR are appropriate and that longer study periods are not likely to add meaningfully to the assessment of drug efficacy. (C) 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dallas, TX USA. Alcon Labs Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Krouse, JH (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 540 E Canfield,5E-UHC, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM jkrouse@med.wayne.edu OI Roland, Peter/0000-0003-4152-7346 NR 161 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 467 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.024 PG 21 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 972NR UT WOS:000232461000001 PM 16213915 ER PT J AU Huebner, J AF Huebner, J TI A possible declining trend for worldwide innovation SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE technology limit; innovation rate; invention rate AB A comparison is made between a model of technology in which the level of technology advances exponentially without limit and a model with an economic limit. The model with an economic limit best fits data obtained from lists of events in the history of science and technology as well as the patent history in the United States. The rate of innovation peaked in the year 1873 and is now rapidly declining. We are at an estimated 85% of the economic limit of technology, and it is projected that we will reach 90% in 2018 and 95% in 2038. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, ANGEL Program, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Huebner, J (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, ANGEL Program, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. EM jhuebner@ridgecrest.ca.us NR 6 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 BP 980 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2005.01.003 PG 7 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 968RA UT WOS:000232178600006 ER PT J AU Grady, BJ Melcer, T AF Grady, BJ Melcer, T TI A retrospective evaluation of TeleMental healthcare services for remote military populations SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TELEPSYCHIATRY; DISORDER; TELEMEDICINE; RELIABILITY; TRIAL AB The objective of this study was to compare specific treatment and outcome variables between mental health care via videoconferencing to care provided in person. The study was a retrospective record review of service members and their adult civilian family members seen at two remotely located military bases. One group was seen via video conferencing (telemental health care [TMHC]) while a second group was seen face-to-face care (FTFC) and served as a control group. Chi-square tests were used to test for significance associations between therapy format and secondary variables. The Global Assessment of Functioning was unexpectedly and significantly more improved for the TMHC group than the FTFC care group. Mean change in Global Assessment of Functioning for FTFC (8.4) was significantly less than mean change for TMHC (15.3). There were no significant differences between the groups in the number of laboratories or studies ordered, self-help recommendations made, selected mental status elements, or number of patients prescribed two or more psychotropic medications. The rate of full compliance with the medication plan and follow-up appointments was significantly better for TMHC. Providers using TMHC told more patients to return for follow-up appointments in 30 days or less. Improved compliance, the unique interpersonal processes of care via TMH, and slightly shorter times to next follow-up appointment were the chief contributors. Alterations in the process of communication may have implications in the business, political, and military sectors. C1 TeleBehav Serv, Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Grady, BJ (reprint author), TeleBehav Serv, Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, 6501 N Charles St,POB 6815, Baltimore, MD 21285 USA. EM grady@telepsychiatrist.com NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.551 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 983ZQ UT WOS:000233271300021 PM 16250818 ER PT J AU Roberts, DJ Chun, HM AF Roberts, DJ Chun, HM TI Dropped gallstone as a nidus of intra-abdominal abscess complicated by empyema SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; PIGMENT GALLSTONES; WESTERN SOCIETIES; PATHOGENESIS; BACTERIA AB We describe a patient who developed an intra-abdominal abscess and empyema from a dropped gallstone at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1.5 years ago. As minimally invasive surgeries become conventional, clinicians should be aware of this increasingly common complication. C1 NMCSD, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Chun, HM (reprint author), NMCSD, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM hmchun@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP E64 EP E66 DI 10.1086/432892 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 956QB UT WOS:000231313800032 PM 16107971 ER PT J AU Hames, CS Capozza, TS AF Hames, CS Capozza, TS TI Mesalamine induced panserositis and acute interstitial nephritis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 675 BP S254 EP S254 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853501283 ER PT J AU Kurland, J Camiscoli, D Kahler, KH Dastani, HB Balshaw, R Leskinova, N AF Kurland, J Camiscoli, D Kahler, KH Dastani, HB Balshaw, R Leskinova, N TI Comparison of Rome II criteria with patient reported bowel pattern: Results from the IBS longitudinal outcomes (ILOS) study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ USA. Syreon Corp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 100 IS 9 SU S MA 934 BP S342 EP S342 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 964BK UT WOS:000231853502192 ER PT J AU Sitzmann, ME Bichay, M Fronabarger, JW Williams, MD Sanborn, WB Gilardi, R AF Sitzmann, ME Bichay, M Fronabarger, JW Williams, MD Sanborn, WB Gilardi, R TI Hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan and its salts SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The synthesis and properties of hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan (5-nitro[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazol-4-ol- 3,8-dioxide). (1) and its salts (four metal and three amine salts) are described. Crystal structure analyses indicate that the hydroxynitrobenzodifuroxan materials can exist in two forms. One form is the isomer in which the oxy and nitro group are in positions ortho to each other. In the other form, these groups are para to each other. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fronabarger, JW (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1125 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 964HX UT WOS:000231871400013 ER PT J AU Meisch, MV Dame, DA Brown, JR AF Meisch, MV Dame, DA Brown, JR TI Aerial ultra-low-volume assessment of anvil 10+10 (R) against Anopheles quadrimaculatus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles quadrimaculatus; ANVIL 10+10 (R); ultra-low volume; Arkansas; aerial application; optimization ID RESMETHRIN AB Against caged field-collected adults of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, optimized aerial applications of ANVIL 10 +10 (R) at 18.4 ml (1.63 g active ingredient)/0.4 ha produced a mean mortality of 92% at 1, 12, and 24 h after treatment. These trials were conducted with 7 stacked passes applied 1,067 m upwind of the target site when wind velocity was 18-21 km/h at an application altitude of 46 m and 5-10 km/h at ground level. When the wind velocity aloft was greater than might be operationally acceptable (27 km/h), reduced efficacy (64% mortality) was observed in the bioassay site (1,524 m downwind from 11 stacked passes) in an unreplicated application. Droplets from the 2 tail-mounted Beecomist 360-A-12-V rotary atomizers (fitted with wire sleeve cages of size 40 mesh) collected on spinning Teflong (R)-coated slides in the target area averaged a volume mean diameter (VMD) of 29 mu m and a droplet density of 39 droplets/cm(2) in 18- to 21-km/h winds. With 27-km/h winds aloft and a greater application offset, the VMD and droplet density dropped to 23 mu m and 18 droplets/cm(2), respectively. Coupled with unreplicated results from a nonoptimized application, these tests provide further documentation of the efficacy of ANVIL 10+10 for wide-area adult mosquito control and for optimization technology. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Entomol Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Meisch, MV (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, 319 Agr Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[301:AUAOAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 965MW UT WOS:000231955600010 PM 16252521 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Lederman, ER Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Lederman, ER Wallace, MR TI Infections associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists SO MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TNF-ALPHA; GAMMA-INTERFERON; CROHNS-DISEASE; INFLIXIMAB THERAPY; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists are promising therapeutic agents for patients with severe autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. Unfortunately, their use has been associated with an increased rate of tuberculosis, endemic mycoses, and intracellular bacterial infections. Infliximab, I of 3 available drugs in this novel class, appears to be associated with the greatest risk of infection, likely because of its long half-life and induction of monocyte apoptosis. Prospective trials are necessary to determine the exact risk associated with these agents, particularly the newer TNF-alpha antagonists. More specific TNF-alpha blockers, which reduce inflammation while maintaining adequate immunity, are needed. In the meantime, a thorough work-up is mandatory for all febrile illness occurring in TNF-alpha blocker recipients. We present 4 patients who developed severe infections during TNF-alpha antagonist therapy, review the literature, and discuss current guidelines for surveillance and prophylaxis. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. US Naval Med Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 118 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0025-7974 J9 MEDICINE JI Medicine (Baltimore) PD SEP PY 2005 VL 84 IS 5 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1097/01.md.0000180044.19285.9a PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 966CE UT WOS:000231996400004 PM 16148729 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, DM Politzer, P Murray, JS AF Rosenberg, DM Politzer, P Murray, JS TI Structure/property relationships of a new high-nitrogen, energetic heterocycle: The role of the cation in triazolo-aminotriazinyltetrazinate salt sensitivity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 230th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2005 CL Washington, DC C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM RosenbergDM@ih.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 230 MA 642-ORGN BP U3413 EP U3413 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032TJ UT WOS:000236797306636 ER PT J AU Foley, TJ Johnson, CE Higa, KT AF Foley, TJ Johnson, CE Higa, KT TI Inhibition of oxide formation on aluminum nanoparticles by transition metal coating SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; POWDERS; AIR; SPECTROSCOPY; PASSIVATION; OXIDATION; IGNITION; SURFACE AB Nanometer-sized aluminum powder was synthesized by thermal decomposition of an alane solution in the presence of a titanium catalyst under an inert atmosphere. The resulting material, formally devoid of an oxide layer, was used to reduce complexes of gold, nickel, palladium, and silver. The reduction process yielded materials that contained the transition metal at a level between 1 and 3 atom % on a metals basis, as determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. After exposure to air at ambient conditions, the transition metal treated aluminum materials were found to contain less aluminum oxide than an aluminum sample that was not treated with a transition metal. The nickel treated sample contained as much or more metallic aluminum as the untreated aluminum sample, indicating that C1 NAVIR, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Foley, TJ (reprint author), NAVIR, Weapons Div, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM timothy.foley@navy.mil NR 26 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 16 BP 4086 EP 4091 DI 10.1021/cm047931k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 952YU UT WOS:000231043200011 ER PT J AU O'Shea, MK Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, AW Alsip, BJ Gray, GC AF O'Shea, MK Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, AW Alsip, BJ Gray, GC TI Symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CORYZA AGENT CCA; US MILITARY; RT-PCR; DISEASE; ILLNESS; REINFECTION; VOLUNTEERS; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. Understanding the full impact of RSV infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. In this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of RSV infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of previously healthy young adults, namely, military recruits receiving basic training. Methods. In addition to standard viral culture techniques, we employed serologic testing and a recently described, novel, highly sensitive real- time PCR and a molecular beacon probe assay for the detection of RSV infection. Results. Among 256 military trainees with respiratory symptoms, RSV infection was identified in 11% by means of serologic testing and real- time PCR. Viral culture identified adenovirus in 48% of symptomatic recruits, influenza viruses in 11%, parainfluenza virus 3 in 3%, and enterovirus in < 1%. The majority of recruits with RSV infection experienced a nonproductive cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion, and almost half reported symptoms of wheeze or shortness of breath. Almost all ( 94%) of the recruits lost >= 1 day( s) from training because of illness. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the challenges of diagnosis and clinical significance of RSV infection in symptomatic young adults. RSV may account for 11% of clinically important respiratory illnesses in this population, which is as much as 25% of previously undiagnosed illness. These results have implications for treatment and prevention of RSV in young adults. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. Inst Naval Med, Gosport PO12 2DL, Hants, England. USAF Acad Hlth Sci, Community Hlth Practices Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr C21K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1086/431591 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 942TK UT WOS:000230305300006 PM 16007526 ER PT J AU Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC TI Assessing the potential health impact of the 1991 Gulf War on Saudi Arabian National Guard Soldiers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saudi Arabia; Persian Gulf syndrome; Gulf War syndrome; morbidity; hospitalization; military personnel; military medicine; military deployment; veterans; health; occupational exposure; environmental exposure ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PERSIAN-GULF; UNITED-KINGDOM; ILL HEALTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; DESERT-STORM; RISK-FACTORS; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; ILLNESS AB Background There has been considerable publicity that the 1991 Gulf War may have caused a wide array of health problems in military personnel. Although post-war health outcomes have been studied in US, British, Canadian, Danish, and other deployed troops, this issue has not been previously evaluated in coalition forces native to the Gulf region. Methods A collaborative team of US and Saudi health researchers was assembled, data sources evaluated, and hospitalizations among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers between 1991 and 1999 analysed. Multivariate modelling was used to evaluate differences between 8342 soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji and a comparison group of 7270 soldiers in the Riyadh area. Results Among 15 612 SANG soldiers, we identified 148 with at least one hospitalization over the 9 years following the war. The adjusted rate of hospitalization was higher in the combat-exposed group (risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.59). No unusual patterns of diagnoses were found and, because the overall number of hospitalizations was low, the absolute difference in risk was found to be very small. Conclusions This is the first reported epidemiological investigation of post-war hospitalizations among coalition forces native to the Gulf region that participated in the 1991 Gulf War. A very small increase in hospitalizations was identified in SANG soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji. However, because of data limitations, the clinical relevance of this finding should be interpreted with caution. Future collaborative studies to better understand the health effects of deployment should be encouraged. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Infect Prevent & Control Program, King Abdul Aziz Med Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Gen Hosp C21D, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gackstetter, GD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1044,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ggackstetter@usuhs.mil NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957HG UT WOS:000231360300021 PM 15737976 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Heil, J Meir, JU Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ AF Stockard, TK Heil, J Meir, JU Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ TI Air sac P-O2 and oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air sac; Aptenodytes forsteri; dive; electrode; emperor penguin; hypoxia; metabolic rate; oxygen ID SEA-ICE; GAS-EXCHANGE; BIRDS; HYPOXIA; DEPTH; DUCK; TEMPERATURE; LOCOMOTION; PHYSIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB In order to determine the rate and magnitude of respiratory O-2 depletion during dives of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), air sac O-2 partial pressure (PO2) was recorded in 73 dives of four birds at an isolated dive hole. These results were evaluated with respect to hypoxic tolerance, the aerobic dive limit (ADL; dive duration beyond which there is post-dive lactate accumulation) and previously measured field metabolic rates (FMRs). 55% of dives were greater in duration than the previously measured 5.6-min ADL. P-O2 and depth profiles revealed compression hyperoxia and gradual O-2 depletion during dives. 42% of final P(O2)s during the dives (recorded during the last 15 s of ascent) were < 20 mmHg (< 2.7 kPa). Assuming that the measured air sac P-O2 is representative of the entire respiratory system, this implies remarkable hypoxic tolerance in emperors. In dives of durations greater than the ADL, the calculated end-of-dive air sac O-2 fraction was < 4%. The respiratory O-2 store depletion rate of an entire dive, based on the change in O-2 fraction during a dive and previously measured diving respiratory volume, ranged from I to 5 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1) and decreased exponentially with diving duration. The mean value, 2.1 +/- 0.8 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1), was (1) 19-42% of previously measured respiratory O-2 depletion rates during forced submersions and simulated dives, (2) approximately one-third of the predicted total body resting metabolic rate and (3) approximately 10% of the measured FMR. These findings are consistent with a low total body metabolic rate during the dive. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Balboa Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Int Coastal Res Ctr, Ostuchi, Iwate 0281102, Japan. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 208 IS 15 BP 2973 EP 2980 DI 10.1242/jeb.01687 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 960FO UT WOS:000231575800026 PM 16043602 ER PT J AU Gaylis, FD Lin, DW Ignatoff, JM Amling, CL Tutrone, RF Cosgrove, DJ AF Gaylis, FD Lin, DW Ignatoff, JM Amling, CL Tutrone, RF Cosgrove, DJ TI Prostate cancer in men using testosterone supplementation SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; diagnosis; prostate-specific antigen; hypogonadism; testosterone ID LOW SERUM TESTOSTERONE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT; HYPOGONADAL MEN; OLDER MEN; CARCINOMA; RISKS; RECOMMENDATIONS; ESTROGEN AB Purpose: Although an association between testosterone supplementation and the development of prostate cancer is unproven, a recent increase in the use of this therapy has reopened the debate about its safety in men at risk for prostate cancer. To increase awareness of this risk, we report on a series of patients in whom clinically significant prostate cancer developed and was presumed to be related to exogenous testosterone use. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 6 urology practices were reviewed to identify men undergoing testosterone supplementation for sexual dysfunction or "rejuvenation" who were found to have prostate cancer after initiation of exogenous testosterone supplementation. Cases were analyzed to determine clinical and pathological parameters characterizing the presentation of prostate cancer. Results: A total of 20 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer after initiation of testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer was detected within 2 years of testosterone initiation in 11 men (55%) and from 28 months to 8 years in the remainder. The tumors were of moderate and high grade, being Gleason sum 6, 7 and 8 to 10 in 9 (45%), 6 (30%) and 5 (25%) men, respectively. Median serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration at diagnosis tended to be low at 5.1 ng/ml (range 1.1 to 329.0) and digital rectal examination generally proved more sensitive than PSA assays in detecting the cancer. Patients seen by nonurologist physicians were monitored less often for prostate cancer during testosterone use than those followed by urologists. Conclusions: Prostate cancer may become clinically apparent within months to a few years after the initiation of testosterone treatment. Digital rectal examination is particularly important in the detection of these cancers. Physicians prescribing testosterone supplementation and patients receiving it should be cognizant of this risk, and serum PSA testing and digital rectal examination should be performed frequently during treatment. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Med, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Chesepeake Urol Associates, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gaylis, FD (reprint author), San Diego Ctr Urol Care, 8851 Ctr Dr,Suite 501, La Mesa, CA 91942 USA. EM gaylisf@aol.com NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000165166.36280.60 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 946WP UT WOS:000230604300036 PM 16006887 ER PT J AU Langenstroer, P Kramer, B Cutting, B Amling, C Poultan, T Lance, R Thrasher, JB AF Langenstroer, P Kramer, B Cutting, B Amling, C Poultan, T Lance, R Thrasher, JB TI Parenteral medroxyprogesterone for the management of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone induced hot flashes in men with advanced prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; goserelin; hot flashes; medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate ID MEGESTROL-ACETATE; MEDICAL CASTRATION; FLUSHES; CARCINOMA; PREVALENCE; ESTROGEN; THERAPY AB Purpose: Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist therapy for advanced prostate cancer can manifest significant side effects affecting quality of life, most notably hot flashes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of parenteral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in reducing the frequency and severity of these hot flashes. Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective review of hot flashes from LHRH therapy for prostate cancer was conducted. The hot flashes were quantified and the severity was graded (3-point analogue scale) before and after treatment with MPA. Two doses of MPA (400 or 150 mg intramuscularly) were administered. Statistical analysis (Student's t test) evaluated the quantity of hot flashes, the quality of hot flashes, and dose effectiveness. Results: A total of 48 men (40 at 400 mg, 8 at 150 mg) with a mean age of 71.4 years (range 54 to 87) from 3 institutions were evaluated. There were 91% with symptomatic improvement with MPA, and half (46%) had a complete response defined as total elimination of hot flashes. The median number of the hot flashes per day decreased from 4 to 1 and the median severity score decreased from 2 to 1 (p < 0.05). Significance was not achieved comparing the 2 doses. Complete responders were not noted with the 150 mg dose. Anticipated response to MPA did not correlate with the number or severity of the hot flashes. Conclusions: This study is the first multi-institutional evaluation of hot flashes demonstrating significant reduction in quantity and severity with MPA. Based on these data we now manage hot flashes associated with LHRH analogues with 400 mg of MPA. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Langenstroer, P (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM plang@mcw.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 642 EP 645 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000165570.28635.4b PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 946WP UT WOS:000230604300064 PM 16006929 ER PT J AU Stein, KJ Claborn, DM AF Stein, KJ Claborn, DM TI Telephonic survey of surveillance and control procedures for the mosquito vectors of West Nile virus near naval installations in the eastern United States SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPETENCE; CULEX AB Surveillance and control procedures for the mosquito vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) and other arboviruses are described in response plans that vary among states. To ensure that naval installations in the eastern United States follow WNV response plan criteria similar to those of their host states, we conducted a telephone survey of 25 personnel who directed surveillance and control procedures in areas near these installations. For adult mosquito surveillance, 76% of respondents used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps baited with dry ice; 68% of respondents used these and baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gravid traps. We report a summary of the mosquito species that were most problematic among states. In the eastern United States, these species have tested positive for WNV and some have been reported as potential vectors of WNV and other arboviruses. Among respondents, numerical thresholds or the presence of WNV-positive mosquito pools facilitated decision-making (i.e., whether to increase surveillance or to initiate control procedures). The presence of mosquito larvae, abiotic variables, and historical databases were also important. Reports of dead birds and human serology data were used by 92% and 64% of respondents, respectively. Adult control was accomplished with synthetic pyrethroids; larvae were controlled with microbial insecticides and growth regulators. Geographic information systems and public awareness/education were used by 60% and 88% of respondents, respectively. We discuss our results in light of response plan variability and implications for the future. C1 USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stein, KJ (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, POB 43,Bldg 937,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 658 EP 662 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700005 PM 16173204 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, J Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, J Milner, JS TI Perpetration of severe intimate partner violence: Premilitary and second year of service rates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AGGRESSION AB A longitudinal design was used to compare rates of severe intimate partner violence (SIPV) perpetration during the year before enlistment and the second year of service in a sample of 542 female and 421 male Navy personnel. Overall, 11% reported perpetration of SIPV during the year before service. Premilitary SIPV perpetration rates were significantly higher for women (20%) than for men (4%). After 2 years of service, the overall percentage reporting past-year perpetration of SIPV increased slightly (14%, compared with a premilitary rate of 11%). The patterns of changes in rates of SIPV perpetration varied for men and women. Across time, SIPV perpetration increased among men (from 4% to 16%) and decreased among women (from 20% to 12%). Respondents who were female, younger, and minority reported higher rates of premilitary SIPV perpetration. No demographic factors were associated with reports of SIPV perpetration during the second year. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Guimond, Jennifer/0000-0002-8887-5885 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 705 EP 709 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700015 PM 16173214 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL AF Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL TI Transparent photonic band in metallodielectric nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE; GAP STRUCTURES; DENSITY; FINITE AB Under certain conditions, a transparent photonic band can be designed into a one-dimensional metallodielectric nanofilm structure. Unlike conventional pass bands in photonic crystals, where the finite thickness of the structure affects the transmission of electromagnetic fields having frequency within the pass band, the properties of the transparent band are almost unaffected by the finite thickness of the structure. In other words, an incident field at a frequency within the transparent band exhibits 100% transmission independent of the number of periods of the structure. The transparent photonic band corresponds to excitation of pure eigenstate modes across the entire Bloch band in structures possessing mirror symmetry. The conditions to create these modes and thereby to lead to a totally transparent band phenomenon are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 AR 085117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085117 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BG UT WOS:000231564600042 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Nanoscale ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet switches controlled by magnetization orientation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB We study clean ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet (FSF) nanostructures in which the magnetization of the F layers can be parallel (P) or antiparallel (AP). We consider the case where the thickness of the S layer is of order of the coherence length, with thinner F layers. We find that reversing the direction of the magnetization in one of the F layers can lead to drastic changes in the superconductor's state. Under a wide variety of conditions, the AP geometry favors superconductivity. Magnetization reversal in one of the F layers can lead to the superconductivity turning on and off, or to switching between different states. Our results are obtained via the self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and evaluation of the condensation energies of the system. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 060514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060514 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400030 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Elson, JM Singh, S AF Halterman, K Elson, JM Singh, S TI Plasmonic resonances and electromagnetic forces between coupled silver nanowires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALLIC NANOWIRES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES AB We compute the electromagnetic response and corresponding forces between two silver nanowires. The wires are illuminated by a plane wave which has the electric field vector perpendicular to the axis of the wires, insuring that plasmonic resonances can be excited. We consider a nontrivial square cross section geometry that has dimensions on the order of 0.1 lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic field. We find that due to the plasmonic resonance, there occurs great enhancement of the direct and mutual electromagnetic forces that are exerted on the nanowires. The Lippman-Schwinger volume integral equation is implemented to obtain solutions to Maxwell's equations for various lambda and separation distances between wires. The forces are computed using Maxwell's stress tensor and numerical results are shown for both on and off resonant conditions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 7 AR 075429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.075429 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BF UT WOS:000231564500182 ER PT J AU Meeker, B AF Meeker, B TI Comments on the culture of the force SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. RP Meeker, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. EM meekerdb@rain.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2005 VL 58 IS 8 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 951NI UT WOS:000230937000011 ER PT J AU Mologne, TS Lundeen, JM Clapper, MF O'Brien, TJ AF Mologne, TS Lundeen, JM Clapper, MF O'Brien, TJ TI Early screw fixation versus casting in the treatment of acute Jones fractures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fifth metatarsal fracture; Jones fracture; internal fixation; intramedullary screw fixation ID 5TH METATARSAL DISTAL; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; 5TH-METATARSAL FRACTURES; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; BASE; TUBEROSITY; BONE AB Background: There is considerable variability in the literature concerning the optimal treatment of acute Jones fractures. Hypothesis: Early surgical fixation of acute Jones fractures will result in shorter times to union and return to athletics compared with cast treatment. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Eighteen patients were randomized to cast treatment, and 19 patients were randomized to screw fixation. Success of treatment and the times to union and return to sports were calculated for each patient. Results: Mean follow-up was 25.3 months (range, 15-42 months). Eight of 18 (44%) in the cast group were considered treatment failures: 5 nonunions, 1 delayed union, and 2 refractures. One of 19 patients in the surgery group was considered a treatment failure. For the surgery group, the median times to union and return to sports were 7.5 and 8.0 weeks, respectively. For the cast group, the median times were 14.5 and 15.0 weeks, respectively. The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in both parameters, with P < .001. Conclusion: There is a high incidence (44%) of failure after cast treatment of acute Jones fractures. Early screw fixation results in quicker times to union and return to sports compared with cast treatment. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Mologne, TS (reprint author), Ctr Sports Med, 277 Altenhofen Dr, Appleton, WI 54913 USA. EM drmologne@thesportsmedcenter.com NR 27 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 970 EP 975 DI 10.1177/0363546504272262 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 940JR UT WOS:000230141300002 PM 15888715 ER PT J AU Still, KR Jung, AE Ritchie, GD Jederberg, WW Wilfong, ER Briggs, GB Arfsten, DP AF Still, KR Jung, AE Ritchie, GD Jederberg, WW Wilfong, ER Briggs, GB Arfsten, DP TI Disposition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitropheno (DBNP), a submarine atmosphere contaminant, in male Sprague-Dawley rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TEP 2190; DBNP; toxicity; distribution; accumulation; rats ID OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; HYPERTHERMIA AB The phenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol (DBNP) is a contaminant found onboard submarines and is formed by the nitration of an antioxidant present in turbine lubricating oil TEP 2190. DBNP has been found on submarine interior surfaces, on eating utensils and dishes, and on the skin of submariners. DBNP exposure is a potential health concern because it is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Adult male rats were dosed once by oral gavage with 15 or 40 mg/kg DBNP mixed with C-14-DBNP in kanola oil and 0.8 % v/v DMSO (n = 16/group). The distribution of C-14 in major tissues was measured over time for up to 240 h post-dose. Unexpectedly, 6/16 (40%) of the rats gavaged with 40 mg/kg DBNP died within 24 h of dosing. Prostration, no auditory startle response, reduced locomotor activity, and muscular rigidity persisted in survivors for up to 8 days after dosing. For animals dosed with 15 mg/kg DRNP, radioactivity levels were significantly elevated in the following tissues 24 h after dosing: fat >>> liver > kidneys > heart > lungs > brain > striated muscle > spleen. Radioactivity levels were elevated for fat, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs of animals euthanized 144 h post-dosing and in the liver of animals euthanized 240 h post-dosing. These findings suggest that DBNP may accumulate in the body as a result of continuous or repeat exposures of short interval to DBNP. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, NHRC EHEL,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, NHRC EHEL,Area B, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.08.009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934QV UT WOS:000229724200009 PM 15910791 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ TI Acute and subacute dermal toxicity of Break-Free CLP (R): a weapons cleaning and maintenance compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Break-Free CLP; polyalphaolefin; dermal effects; dermal toxicity; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; KINASE-C ISOFORMS; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; CROTON-OIL; HAIR LOSS; SKIN; IRRITATION; ALOPECIA; DERMATITIS; EXPOSURE AB Break-Free CLP(R) is a commercial cleaning, lubricating and preserving compound used in both the military and civilian sectors for maintenance of small- and large-caliber weapons. Like many commercial mixtures, there is very little information available, on the toxicity of Break-Free CLP. Studies were conducted to characterize the biological effects of single or repeat dermal application of Break-Free CLP to the clipped backs of CD-1 mice. Break-Free CLP was applied neat, 50 mu l three times of week for up to 2 weeks. Foci of epithelial ulceration were observed in skin sections from 22% of Break-Free CLP-treated animals in conjunction with markedly thickened epithelium suggesting that robust epithelial regeneration was occurring in these animals. Skin histopathology of Break-Free CLP-treated animals closely matched the histopathology from mice treated repeatedly with 2% croton oil in acetone (dermal irritation positive control). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for mice treated with Break-Free CLP, 2% croton oil or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) compared with negative and vehicle control mice. Skin nitric oxide (NO) levels were not significantly elevated for mice treated with Break-Free CLP but were significantly elevated for mice treated with dermal irritation positive control compound DMBA. The cumulative skin changes in Break-Free CLP-treated animals support conducting a subchronic dermal application study. The observed decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity suggest that future studies should include the liver and bone as possible target organs. Additionally, dermal penetration studies could provide key health risk assessment information for characterizing the potential health risks associated with chronic dermal exposure to Break-Free CLP. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1002/jat.1069 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 947QP UT WOS:000230661500006 PM 16025432 ER PT J AU Purkayastha, A Su, J McGraw, J Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Seto, J Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Purkayastha, A Su, J McGraw, J Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Seto, J Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Seto, D TI Genomic and bioinformatics analyses of HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac, two human adenovirus (HAdV) strains that constituted original prophylaxis against HAdV-related acute respiratory disease, a reemerging epidemic disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPLICATION; VECTOR DEVELOPMENT; MILITARY TRAINEES; GENE-THERAPY; LIVE TYPE-7; SPECIES B1; VACCINES; VIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS AB Vaccine strains of human adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 (HAdV-4vac and RAdV-7vac) have been used successfully to prevent adenovirus-related acute respiratory disease outbreaks. The genomes of these two vaccine strains have been sequenced, annotated, and compared with their prototype equivalents with the goals of understanding their genomes for molecular diagnostics applications, vaccine redevelopment, and RAdV pathoepidemiology. These reference genomes are archived in GenBank as HAdV-4vac (35,994 bp; AY594254) and HAdV-7vac (35,240 bp; AY594256). Bioinformatics and comparative whole-genome analyses with their recently reported and archived prototype genomes reveal six mismatches and four insertions-deletions (indels) between the HAdV-4 prototype and vaccine strains, in contrast to the 611 mismatches and 130 indels between the HAdV-7 prototype and vaccine strains. Annotation reveals that the HAdV-4vac and RAdV-7vac genomes contain 51 and 50 coding units, respectively. Neither vaccine strain appears to be attenuated for virulence based on bioinformatics analyses. There is evidence of genome recombination, as the inverted terminal repeat of HAdV-4vac is initially identical to that of species C whereas the prototype is identical to species B1. These vaccine reference sequences yield unique genome signatures for molecular diagnostics. As a molecular forensics application, these references identify the circulating and problematic 1950s era field strains as the original HAdV-4 prototype and the Greider prototype, from which the vaccines are derived. Thus, they are useful for genomic comparisons to current epidemic and reemerging field strains, as well as leading to an understanding of pathoepidemiology among the human adenoviruses. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Directorate Modernizat SGR, HQ USAF Surgeon Gen Off, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EOS Consortium, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3083 EP 3094 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3083-3094.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900009 PM 16000418 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Fallis, S Hollins, RA Prokopuk, N Bui, RN AF Seltzer, MD Fallis, S Hollins, RA Prokopuk, N Bui, RN TI Curcuminoid ligands for sensitization of near-infrared lanthanide emission SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE lanthanide; curcumin; chelate; sensitized fluorescence; near-infrared ID INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER; TRIPLET-STATE; COMPLEXES; LUMINESCENCE; YTTERBIUM(III); IR; NEODYMIUM; PROTEINS; EUROPIUM; BEARING AB Fluorescent lanthanide complexes were synthesized using a non-phenolic analog of curcumin as the principal chromophoric chelating ligand. Sensitized, near-infrared fluorescence is observed in these complexes as a result of photo-excitation of the chromophoric ligands, population of the molecular triplet state, and transfer of energy to the emitting lanthanide ion. For the purpose of intra-molecular energy transfer, the triplet states of curcuminoid ligands are more favorably matched with the excited electronic states of neodymium and ytterbium ions than those associated with less conjugated beta-diketonate ligands. Sensitization of fluorescence through an internal redox reaction, thought to occur in other ytterbium complexes, is predicted to be less probable under the present circumstances. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s10895-005-2832-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 965HH UT WOS:000231940700015 PM 16167217 ER PT J AU Kao, AY Munandar, R Ferrara, SL Systrom, DM Sheridan, RL Cash, SS Ryan, ET Ronan, L Harris, NL Llewellyn, M AF Kao, AY Munandar, R Ferrara, SL Systrom, DM Sheridan, RL Cash, SS Ryan, ET Ronan, L Harris, NL Llewellyn, M TI Respiratory distress and hemiparesis after a tsunami - Tsunami-related aspiration pneumonia with lung and brain abscesses, probably polymicrobial SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Chelsea Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Trop & Geog Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Project HOPE, Task Force HOPE Mercy, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Zainoel Abidin Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. US Naval Ship Mercy TAH19, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Burn Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trauma Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. RP Kao, AY (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Chelsea Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 25 BP 2628 EP 2636 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 937VJ UT WOS:000229953700012 PM 15972870 ER PT J AU Jederberg, WW AF Jederberg, WW TI Issues with the integration of technical information in planning for and responding to nontraditional disasters SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES; WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; NOISE AB In the post-9/11 environment, it has become recognized that the response to man-made disasters (such as chemical spills, bioterrorism, and radiation dispersal) requires a much, broader range of tools and technical knowledge than needed for natural disasters (i.e., hurricanes, earthquakes, or drought), This need also requires that those who develop technical information for disaster planning maintain a broader perspective of how the information will be used and what the priorities are for developing new information. In addition, the ability to communicate information within a context understandable to the "end user" has become more critical. The intent of this article is to present issues to help those who traditionally collect and interpret technical information (toxicology, risk assessment, mitigation planners, etc.) to better understand how their information is used in planning for and responding to incidents. These issues are similar to those experienced when trying to provide the users of information provided on material safety data sheets (MSDS) with an understanding of the value and limits of such information in decision making. Confounding the problem are the many source's that provide exposure limits and the limited amount of time the user has to understand the limits of the data during an emergency, While the Federal Response Plan integrates the efforts of multiple agencies, the "on-scene" responders are faced with trying to respond to contradictory strategies and applications of information. Sources of response technical information need to better communicate the limits of application/interpretation of that information in emergency situations. C1 USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jederberg, WW (reprint author), USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Warren.jederberg@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 877 EP 888 DI 10.1080/15287390590912171 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100004 PM 16020182 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Bekkedal, M Wilfong, ER Rossi, J Grasman, KA Healey, LB Rutkiewicz, JM Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Lohrke, SR Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR AF Arfsten, DP Bekkedal, M Wilfong, ER Rossi, J Grasman, KA Healey, LB Rutkiewicz, JM Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Lohrke, SR Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR TI Study of the reproductive effects in rats surgically implanted with depleted uranium for up to 90 days SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agcy, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agcy Tox Subst Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupat Safety Hlth ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DIOXIDE UO2 DUST; NATURAL URANIUM; 5-YEAR INHALATION; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; URANYL CHLORIDE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; MICE AB In 2001, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) to conduct a study of the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (D J) pellets on adult rat reproductive success and development across two successive generations. This article presents some of the findings for the group of offspring from adult rats mated at 30 d post surgical implantation of DU pellets. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rat:; (P1 generation) were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, or 12 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm). The P1 generation was then cross-mated at 30 d post surgical implantation. Urine collected from P1 animals at 27 d post surgical implantation showed that DU was excreted in the urine of DU-implanted animals in a dose-dependent manner, DU surgical implantation did not have a negative impact on PI reproductive success, survival, or body weight gain through post surgical implantation d 90. There were no statistically, significant differences in F1 birth weight, survival, and litter size at postnatal day (PND) 0, 5, and 20. No gross physical abnormalities identified in the offspring were attributable to neonatal DU exposure. A series of neurodevelopment and immune function assessments were also conducted on F1 offspring. No group differences were observed that were related to parental DU exposure. Studies are ongoing on the impact of leaving DU embedded in soft tissue for 120 d on rat reproduction and subsequent offspring survival and development. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. State Wisconsin, Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 69 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 967 EP 997 DI 10.1080/15287390590912603 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100009 PM 16020187 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R AF Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R TI Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing meningitis in Egypt, 1998-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE pneumococci; serotypes; surveillance; vaccines ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; INFLUENZAE AB Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of 205 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, collected from the CSF of meningitis patients identified between 1998-2003, during sentinel meningitis surveillance in Egypt. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated against six antibiotics using disc diffusion and Etest methods. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and the Quellung test. Results: Forty-nine percent of all isolates were found to be non-susceptible to penicillin (46% intermediate, MIC range 0.12-1.0 mg/L; 3% resistant, MIC = 2.0 mg/L), and 6% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone (5% intermediate, MIC = 1.0 mg/L; 1.3% resistant, MIC 2 mg/L). Resistance rates for tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (52 and 59.7%, respectively), but those for erythromycin and chloramphenicol were lower (11 and 9%, respectively). Five serotypes (613, 1, 19A, 23F and 6A) accounted for 37% of the total isolates. Ten isolates (5%) were non-typeable. Overall, 29 and 42% of serotypes were represented in the 7- and 11-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively. However, vaccine coverage for children < 2 years was 38 and 56% for the 7- and 11-valent, respectively. Conclusions: Resistance to penicillin may be increasing among S. pneumoniae strains causing meningitis in Egypt, and a moderate proportion of these strains are not covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In addition to intensifying education efforts about judicious use of antibiotics, laboratory-based surveillance for other forms of invasive pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, is needed before decisions can be made regarding the most effective vaccines for control of this disease in Egypt. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM wasfym@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1093/jac/dki101 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 938UE UT WOS:000230028100025 PM 15820983 ER PT J AU Belani, CP Perry, MC La Rocca, RV Rinaldi, D Gable, PS Tester, WJ AF Belani, CP Perry, MC La Rocca, RV Rinaldi, D Gable, PS Tester, WJ TI Maintenance therapy (MT) with weekly paclitaxel improves outcome for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Kentuckiana Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana Oncol Assoc, Lafayette, LA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 656S EP 656S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326604258 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, S Perry, MC Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Gable, P Tester, WJ Belani, CP AF Ramalingam, S Perry, MC Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Gable, P Tester, WJ Belani, CP TI Outcome of elderly (>= 70 years) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on a multicenter, phase III randomized trial comparing weekly vs. standard schedules of paclitaxel (P) plus carboplatin (C). SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Missouri, Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Kentuckiana Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana Oncol Assoc, Lafayette, LA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 657S EP 657S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326604263 ER PT J AU Antevil, JL Bhoyrul, S Brunson, ME Vierra, MA Swadia, ND AF Antevil, JL Bhoyrul, S Brunson, ME Vierra, MA Swadia, ND TI Safe and rapid laparoscopic access - a new approach SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; TROCAR; SURGERY; ENTRY AB Despite numerous recent technical advances in minimally invasive surgical technique, the potential exists for serious morbidity during initial laparoscopic access. Safe access depends on adhering to well-recognized principles of trocar insertion, knowledge of abdominal anatomy, and recognition of hazards imposed by previous surgery. Applying these principles, we describe a safe, rapid, and cost-effective technique for laparoscopic access using readily available instruments. This technique emphasizes identification and incision of the point at which the midline abdominal fascia is fused with the base of the umbilicus, and the importance of the application of countertraction directly at the point of insertion. This method allows penetration under direct vision with minimal controlled axial force, and without the requirement for fascia] sutures or other cumbersome aspects of the traditional open technique. While previous reports describe techniques for laparoscopic access entry based on similar anatomic and surgical principles, we describe an alternative method not yet discussed in the surgical literature. C1 Scripps Clin, Dept Gen Surg, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Surg Grp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. SIMIT, Baroda 390001, Gujarat, India. RP Bhoyrul, S (reprint author), Scripps Clin, Dept Gen Surg, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sbhoyrul@scrippsclinic.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 800 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00268-005-7730-3 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 942VL UT WOS:000230310900023 PM 15895194 ER PT J AU Ecker, DJ Sampath, R Blyn, LB Eshoo, MW Ivy, C Ecker, JA Libby, B Samant, V Sannes-Lowery, KA Melton, RE Russell, K Freed, N Barrozo, C Wu, JG Rudnick, K Desai, A Moradi, E Knize, DJ Robbins, DW Hannis, JC Harrell, PM Massire, C Hall, TA Jiang, Y Ranken, R Drader, JJ White, N McNeil, JA Crooke, ST Hofstadler, SA AF Ecker, DJ Sampath, R Blyn, LB Eshoo, MW Ivy, C Ecker, JA Libby, B Samant, V Sannes-Lowery, KA Melton, RE Russell, K Freed, N Barrozo, C Wu, JG Rudnick, K Desai, A Moradi, E Knize, DJ Robbins, DW Hannis, JC Harrell, PM Massire, C Hall, TA Jiang, Y Ranken, R Drader, JJ White, N McNeil, JA Crooke, ST Hofstadler, SA TI Rapid identification and strain-typing of respiratory pathogens for epidemic surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genotyping; group A streptococci; infectious disease; Streptococcus pyogenes; pneumonia ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-SEQUENCES; PCR PRODUCTS; PYOGENES; CLONE AB Epidemic respiratory infections are responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality within both military and civilian populations. We describe a high-throughput method to simultaneously identify and genotype species of bacteria from complex mixtures in respiratory samples. The process uses electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and base composition analysis of PCR amplification products from highly conserved genomic regions to identify and determine the relative quantity of pathogenic bacteria present in the sample. High-resolution genotyping of specific species is achieved by using additional primers targeted to highly variable regions of specific bacterial genomes. This method was used to examine samples taken from military recruits during respiratory disease outbreaks and for follow up surveillance at several military training facilities. Analysis of respiratory samples revealed high concentrations of pathogenic respiratory species, including Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. When S. pyogenes was identified in samples from the epidemic site, the identical genotype was found in almost all recruits. This analysis method will provide information fundamental to understanding the polymicrobial nature of explosive epidemics of respiratory disease. C1 ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Div, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ecker, DJ (reprint author), ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Div, 1891 Rutherford Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM decker@isisph.com NR 25 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 22 BP 8012 EP 8017 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409920102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932CE UT WOS:000229531000042 PM 15911764 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL AF Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL TI Optical properties of multilayer metal-dielectric nanofilms with all-evanescent modes SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; CRYSTALS; SURFACE; FINITE AB We present a systematic study of mode characteristics of multilayer metal- dielectric ( M- D) nanofilm structures. This structure can be described as a coupled- plasmon- resonant waveguide ( CPRW), a special case of coupled- resonator optical waveguide ( CROW). Similar to a photonic crystal, the M- D is periodic, but there is a major difference in that the fields are evanescent everywhere in the M- D structure as in a nanoplasmonic structure. The transmission coefficient exhibits periodic oscillation with increasing number of periods. As a result of surface- plasmon- enhanced resonant tunneling, a 100% transmission occurs periodically at certain thicknesses of the M- D structure, depending on the wavelength, lattice constants, and excitation conditions. This structure indicates that a transparent material can be composed from non- transparent materials by alternatively stacking different materials of thin layers. The general properties of the CPRW and resonant tunneling phenomena are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM simin.feng@navy.mil NR 18 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 11 BP 4113 EP 4124 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.004113 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 932DN UT WOS:000229534500025 PM 19495323 ER PT J AU Baker, CI Barrozo, CP Ryan, MAK Pearse, LA Russell, KL AF Baker, CI Barrozo, CP Ryan, MAK Pearse, LA Russell, KL TI Fatal meningitis in a previously healthy young adult caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 38: an emerging serotype? SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; INVASIVE-DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; SEROGROUPS; FORMULATION; RESISTANCE; CARRIAGE AB Background: In December 2001, a fatal case of pneumococcal meningitis in a Marine Corps recruit was identified. As pneumococcal vaccine usage in recruit populations is being considered, an investigation was initiated into the causative serotype. Case presentation: Traditional and molecular methods were utilized to determine the serotype of the infecting pneumococcus. The pneumococcal isolate was identified as serotype 38 (PS38), a serotype not covered by current vaccine formulations. The global significance of this serotype was explored in the medical literature, and found to be a rare but recognized cause of carriage and invasive disease. Conclusion: The potential of PS38 to cause severe disease is documented in this report. Current literature does not support the hypothesis that this serotype is increasing in incidence. However, as we monitor the changing epidemiology of pneumococcal illness in the US in this conjugate era, PS38 might find a more prominent and concerning niche as a replacement serotype. C1 USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM caro@henrywu.net; barrozo@nhrc.navy.mil; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil; Pearse@afip.osd.mil; russell@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-5-38 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 937HC UT WOS:000229914200001 PM 15943886 ER PT J AU Tovanabutra, S Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Sankale, JL Sanders-Buell, E Kim, B Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Tovanabutra, S Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Sankale, JL Sanders-Buell, E Kim, B Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Characterization of complete HIV type 1 genomes from non-B subtype infections in U.S. military personnel SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; GENETIC SUBTYPES; UNITED-STATES; RECOMBINANT; SEROCONVERSION; BREAKPOINTS; ORIGIN; RISK AB Infections with non-B HIV-1 subtypes are rare in the United States, but comprise a significant percentage of infections among U. S. military personnel. Risk behavior while on overseas deployment correlates with non-B infection in this population. Extensive genetic characterization will be required to define HIV-1 diversity, and to effectively evaluate requirements for HIV-1 vaccines and other prevention strategies in this group. From 1997 to 2000, 520 recent seroconverters, identified through routine HIV-1 testing in the U. S. active military force, volunteered for a prospective study. V3 loop serology or partial genome sequencing identified 28 non-B subtype infections; 14 were studied by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Five strains were CRF01_AE. Four of these clustered with CM240 from Thailand, and one clustered with African CRF01_AE. Four strains were CRF02_AG, prevalent in West and West Central Africa. Two strains were subtype C. One strain was a unique recombinant between CRF01_AE and subtype B, and another was a complex unique recombinant between subtype A and D. The final strain was a member of a complex circulating recombinant first identified in Senegal, CRF09_cpx, incorporating subtypes A, F, G, and an unclassified genome. This diversity of non-B subtype HIV-1 strains, encompassing three globally prevalent non-B strains and including rare or even possibly unique strains, illustrates the breadth of U. S. military exposure while deployed and sets the bar higher for breadth of cross-subtype protection to be afforded by an HIV-1 vaccine. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard AIDS Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Global Mol Epidemiol Program, 16000 Ease Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.424 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700013 PM 15929707 ER PT J AU Riley, DJ Wingard, D Morton, D Nichols, JF Ming, J Shaffer, R Macera, CA AF Riley, DJ Wingard, D Morton, D Nichols, JF Ming, J Shaffer, R Macera, CA TI Use of self-assessed fitness and exercise parameters to predict objective fitness SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE fitness; marine corps; military ID TRAINING-RELATED INJURIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RATED HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; VALIDITY; MEN AB Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the effectiveness of self-assessed fitness and exercise in predicting objectively measured physical fitness. Methods: Study subjects included 1583 men who entered Marine Corps training in San Diego, CA, between September and November 2002 and completed a questionnaire and an objective fitness test. The questionnaire included demographic and self-assessed fitness/exercise items, and was administered immediately upon entry into the training program. The objective fitness measure was obtained using a standardized test after approximately 1 month of training. Results: Multivariate modeling found that several measures of self-assessed fitness and exercise (estimated number of pull-ups; good, very good, or excellent self-assessed fitness; sweating quite a lot or most or all of the time during physical activity; and competitive experience) were all associated with the objective fitness score. These results remained statistically significant after controlling for age, race, and body mass index (model adjusted R-2 = 0.469. P < 0.01). Conclusion: In this analysis, self-assessed fitness and exercise parameters that can be easily ascertained with a short questionnaire predicted objective fitness scores approximately I month later. This information could be used by recruiters to make recommendations for preenlistment conditioning. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Riley, DJ (reprint author), Cuyamaca Coll, Dept Exercise Sci & Hlth Educ, 900 Rancho San Diego Pkwy, El Cajon, CA 92019 USA. EM driley@projects.sdsu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000162618.69807.0E PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 924GG UT WOS:000228966400017 PM 15870637 ER PT J AU Hodgdon, JA Hervig, LK Miller, AE AF Hodgdon, James A. Hervig, Linda K. Miller, Amanda E. TI Stance Stability And Reports Of Previous Back Injury In Special Boat Operators SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodgdon, James A.; Hervig, Linda K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Miller, Amanda E.] Pt Loma Nazarene Univ, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 802 BP S148 EP S148 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00800 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301053 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Trone, DW Sandwell, JC Rauh, MJ AF Macera, Caroline A. Trone, Daniel W. Sandwell, Julie C. Rauh, Mitchell J. TI Running Shoe Type and Attrition During Marine Corps Basic Training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Macera, Caroline A.; Trone, Daniel W.; Sandwell, Julie C.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM cmacera@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 179 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00178 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300118 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Trone, DW Macera, CA Steele, JM AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Trone, Daniel W. Macera, Caroline A. Steele, Julianne M. TI Pretraining And Menstrual Factors Associated With Stress Fracture In Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Trone, Daniel W.; Macera, Caroline A.; Steele, Julianne M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM mrauh@rmuohp.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 181 BP S32 EP S32 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00180 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300120 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Villasenor, A Macera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Villasenor, Adriana Macera, Caroline A. TI Effect Of Lower Extremity Stress Fracture And Injury During Recruit Training On First-term Attrition SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Villasenor, Adriana; Macera, Caroline A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, GEO Ctr Inc, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM trone@nhrc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 180 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00179 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300119 ER PT J AU Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, DL AF Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, DL TI High-power optical microswitch based on direct fiber actuation SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE MOEMS; DRIE; thermal actuator; high-power; optical switch ID ARMING SYSTEM; SWITCH; VOLTAGE; SAFETY AB An optical microswitch is presented for high-power switching applications. The device, capable of switching several watts of optical power, employs large-core multimode fibers to switch output from a laser diode operating at a wavelength of 8 10 nm. Switching is achieved through the direct deflection of an on-chip fiber using a high force electrothermal actuator. Optical losses in the system are identified, and optical efficiency is predicted and verified with experimental measurements. The switch demonstrated in this work requires an electrical current of 120 mA and has an electrical power consumption of 5280 mW. The optical efficiency is found to be on the order of 88% (0.55-0.60 dB loss) with a maximum power transfer of 1690 mW from a 1930 mW input. Switching time is 40 ms with channel isolation between the on and off states of 55 dB. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cochrankr@ih.navy.mil RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 119 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2004.10.037 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 921ND UT WOS:000228770400031 ER PT J AU Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB AF Pluhar, CJ Coe, RS Sampson, DE Glen, JMG Monastero, FC Tanner, SB TI Lava fingerprinting using paleomagnetism and innovative X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: A case study from the Coso volcanic field, California SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Coso Range; fingerprinting; lava; paleomagnetism; XRF geochemistry ID SECULAR VARIATION; FLOWS AB [ 1] We demonstrate an efficient method of rigorously separating difficult-to-distinguish lavas into eruptive units based on paleomagnetic remanence direction and rapid X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ( XRF) for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb of polished paleomagnetic core samples ( called PC XRF). Combined use of paleomagnetic remanence and PC XRF for lava fingerprinting allows correlation of individual eruptive units from one locality to another, permitting compilation of composite stratigraphy and paleomagentic measurement of relative vertical axis rotation of fault-bounded blocks. We test this lava fingerprinting method on rocks from the Coso volcanic field, California, against similar fingerprinting using XRF analysis by established methods. Resulting unit definitions and correlations are the same by both XRF techniques when coupled with paleomagnetic data, but at great time and cost savings with PC XRF. PC XRF analysis is possible because ( 1) matrix and grain size effects are minimal for the element set analyzed, ( 2) moderately phyric to aphyric polished paleomagnetic cores are already homogenous on spatial scales of 2 cm, and ( 3) use of element ratios cancels out some analytical uncertainties as well as minimizes effects of concentration variations due to fractional crystallization. Paleomagnetic remanence direction is an indispensable part of fingerprinting because it distinguishes flows of similar chemistry and can also place constraints on the duration of emplacement of each eruptive unit. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Pluhar, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cpluhar@es.ucsc.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 6 AR Q04001 DI 10.1029/2004GC000707 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 916HH UT WOS:000228375500001 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD AF Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD TI Saudi Arabia-United States collaboration in health research: A formula for success SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; REGISTRY VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; US VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; SERVICE AB The aim of this article is to share our experiences from an international collaborative effort to study health outcomes among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers following the 1991 Gulf War. By paying particular attention to distinct social and religious customs, geopolitical differences, and unique aspects of the health care system, we achieved a successful international collaboration in health research. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. King Abdul Aziz Med City, King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Infect Prevent & Control Program, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1040G,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.01.006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 915KW UT WOS:000228304100012 PM 15798676 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Gorham, ED AF Gunderson, EKE Garland, CF Gorham, ED TI Health surveillance for asthma in the US Navy: Experience of 9,185,484 person-years SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; time trends; women; men; race; gender; incidence rates; defined populations ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATION AB PURPOSE: To measure trends and demographic risk factors for hospitalization for asthma. METHODS: Time trends and demographic risk factors, for hospitalized asthma (ICD-9-CM Code 493) were analyzed by measuring age-specific and age-adjusted first hospitalization rates in a defined population of active-duty enlisted members of the US Navy worldwide during 1980-1999, consisting of 9,185,484 person-years. RESULTS: There were 3911 patients first hospitalized for asthma, including 2916 men and 995 women. The age-adjusted incidence rate of first hospitalization for asthma was three times higher in women than men, 110 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 104-117), compared with 35 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 33-37), respectively (p < 0.0001). The rate in black women was twice as high as in white women, 186 per 100,000 person-years, compared with 99 per 100,000 person-years, respectively (p < 0.001). The rate in black men was higher than in white men, 45 per 100,000, compared with 34 per 100,000 (p < 0.001). Age-adjusted rates in women doubled from 73 per 100,000 in 1980-1983 to 159 in 1997-1999 (p for trend < 0.01), while those in men remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Age-adjusted incidence rates of first hospitalization for asthma were three times as high in women as in men, and doubled during the period between 1980 and 1999. The rates in black women were twice as high as in white women. The reasons are unknown. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914RZ UT WOS:000228246600010 PM 15780779 ER PT J AU Watson, MD Ashley, PR Guenthner, AJ Abushagur, MAG AF Watson, MD Ashley, PR Guenthner, AJ Abushagur, MAG TI Modeling of electrooptic polymer electrical characteristics in a three-layer optical waveguide modulator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electrooptic polymer; frequency response; Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator; waveguide; waveguide layer adhesion; waveguide reactance AB The electrical characteristics of electrooptic polymer waveguide modulators are often described by the bulk reactance of the individual layers. However, the resistance and capacitance between the layers can significantly alter the electrical performance of a waveguide modulator. These interface characteristics are related to the boundary charge density and are strongly affected by the adhesion of the layers in the waveguide stack. An electrical reactance model has been derived to investigate this phenomenon at low frequencies. The model shows the waveguide stack frequency response has no limiting effects below the microwave range and that a true dc response requires a stable voltage for over 1000 h. Thus, reactance of the layers is the key characteristic of optimizing the voltage across the core layer, even at very low frequencies (> 10(-6) Hz). The results of the model are compared with experimental data for two polymer systems and show quite good correlation. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35749 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Kate Gleason Coll Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Watson, MD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Michael.D.Watson@nasa.gov; P.R.Ashley@redstone.rdec.army.mil; andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; maaeen@rit.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.843607 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 909PB UT WOS:000227870800016 ER PT J AU Krafft, AE Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW McCall, S Irvine, M Daum, LT Connoly, JL Reid, AH Gaydos, JC Taubenberger, JK AF Krafft, AE Russell, KL Hawksworth, AW McCall, S Irvine, M Daum, LT Connoly, JL Reid, AH Gaydos, JC Taubenberger, JK TI Evaluation of PCR testing of ethanol-fixed nasal swab specimens as augmented surveillance strategy for influenza virus and adenovirus identification SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RT-PCR; RAPID DETECTION; US MILITARY; B VIRUSES; TIME; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Viral culture isolation has been widely accepted as the "gold standard" for laboratory confirmation of viral infection; however, it requires ultralow temperature specimen storage. Storage of specimens in ethanol at room temperature could expand our ability to conduct active surveillance and retrospective screenings of viruses with rapid and inexpensive real-time PCR tests, including isolates from remote regions where freezing specimens for culture is not feasible. Molecular methods allow for rapid identification of viral pathogens without the need to maintain viability. We hypothesized that ethanol, while inactivating viruses, can preserve DNA and RNA for PCR-based methods. To evaluate the use of ethanol-stored specimens for augmenting surveillance for detection of influenza viruses A and B and adenoviruses (AdV), paired nasal swab specimens were collected from 384 recruits with febrile respiratory illness at Fort Jackson, S.C., in a 2-year study. One swab was stored at ambient temperature in 100% ethanol for up to 6 months, and the other swab was stored at -70 degrees C in viral medium. For viral detection, frozen specimens were cultured for a variety of respiratory viruses, and ethanol-fixed specimens were tested with TaqMan (TM) probe and LightCycler SYBR green (SG) melting curve assays with at least two different PCR targets for each virus. The sensitivities of the TM and SG assays on specimens stored in ethanol for 1 month were 75% and 58% for influenza A, 89% and 67% for influenza B, and 93 to 98% and 57% for AdV, respectively. Lower specificities of the real-time assays corresponded to the increased detection of PCR-positive but culture-negative specimens. Influenza virus RNA was detected as well or better after 6 months of storage in ethanol. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mol Virol Branch, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Moncrief Army Hosp, Ft Jackson, SC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Respons, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Krafft, AE (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM A.Krafft@afip.osd.mil NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1768 EP 1775 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1768-1775.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100040 PM 15814997 ER PT J AU Rais-Rohani, M Eamon, CD Keesecker, AL AF Rais-Rohani, M Eamon, CD Keesecker, AL TI Structural analysis and sizing optimization of a composite advanced sail design concept SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB Numerical design optimization coupled with finite-element analysis is applied to an advanced design concept for a submarine sail structure made of composite materials. Through a detailed design sensitivity analysis, the influence of stiffener and skin sizing on the weight and buckling characteristics of the sail structure is quantified. Furthermore, the sail is optimized for minimum weight under a severe loading condition based on two alternative discretization concepts for modeling the variations in skin thickness. The design constraints include the lower-bound limits on load factors corresponding to the lowest 10 buckling modes as well as the allowable normal and shear strains in each ply. The sizing optimization problem is solved using the modified exterior penalty function method. The results indicate that depending on the discretization concept, it is possible to reduce the structural weight by as much as 14% over the baseline model while meeting all the structural design criteria. As part of the postoptimization evaluation of the optimal design models, such response characteristics as the linear and nonlinear buckling were evaluated under a diverse set of loading conditions with the results showing a similar or superior performance as compared to the baseline model. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rais-Rohani, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 914KV UT WOS:000228227400002 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Local density of states and order parameter configurations in layered ferromagnet-superconductor structures SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE proximity effect; local DOS; nanostructures; superconductors; magnets; nanotechnology; pi-junctions ID METAL; BILAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATIONS; CONTACT AB We analyze the local density of states (LDOS) of heterostructures consisting of alternating ferromagnet, F, and superconductor, S, layers. We consider structures of the SFS and SFSFSFS type, with thin nanometer scale F and S layers, within the ballistic regime. The spin-splitting effects of the ferromagnet and the mutual coupling between the S regions, yield several nontrivial stable and metastable pair amplitude configurations, and we find that the details of the spatial behavior of the pair amplitude govern the calculated electronic spectra. These are reflected in discernible signatures of the LDOS. The roles that the magnetic exchange energy, interface scattering strength, and the Fermi wave-vector mismatch each have on the LDOS for the different allowed junction configurations, are systematically investigated. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.haltermail@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 420 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.02.004 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 915OJ UT WOS:000228313300007 ER PT J AU Boyer, CB Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Pollack, LM Betsinger, K Chang, YJ Kraft, HS Schachter, J AF Boyer, CB Shafer, MA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Pollack, LM Betsinger, K Chang, YJ Kraft, HS Schachter, J TI Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, group, randomized controlled intervention trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies in young women SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted infections; pregnancy; prevention; interventions; randomized controlled trials; human immunodeficiency virus; IMB model; women ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY; UNITED-STATES; HIV; DISEASE; GONORRHEA; INSTALLATION; SOLDIERS AB Background. Few cognitive-behavioral interventions have focused on preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies (UPs) in young, sexually active women in a single study. Military recruit training provides a well-defined, national, nonclinic sample in which to evaluate such an intervention. Methods. All female Marine recruits (N = 2,288) in training were approached. Of these, 2,157 (94.3%) voluntarily agreed and were randomly assigned, by platoons, to participate in cognitive-behavioral interventions to prevent STIs or UPs or to prevent physical training injuries and cancer. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires and were screened for pregnancy, Chlamydia traehomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis at baseline and, on average, 1 and 14 months postintervention. Results. A higher proportion of the control group had a postintervention STI or UP [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.98]. Among participants who had no history of STIs or pregnancy, but who engaged in risky sexual behaviors just before recruit training, the control group was more likely to acquire a postintervention STI (OR 3.24, CI = 1.74-6.03). Among participants who were not sexually experienced at baseline, the control group was more likely to have casual (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.04-4.08) and multiple (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.01-3.47) sexual partners postintervention. Conclusions. This randomized controlled trial indicates that cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective for reducing behavioral risk and preventing STIs and UPs in young, sexually active women who are not seeking health care. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Survey Res Unit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Boyer, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 3333 Calif St,Suite 245,Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM boyer@itsa.ucsf.edu FU PHS HHS [MCH000978] NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 420 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.004 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 883SQ UT WOS:000226036400006 PM 15530594 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, A Freed, NE Irvine, M Daum, LT AF Russell, KL Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, A Freed, NE Irvine, M Daum, LT TI Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine among US military basic trainees: a year of suboptimal match between vaccine and circulating strain SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccine effectiveness; military recruits; vaccine mismatch AB Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine was evaluated at five military basic training centers throughout the United States. Data from surveillance conducted in December and January 2003-2004 in this highly vaccinated population were evaluated. During this period, 10.6% (37/350) of specimens were positive for influenza A. A 14-day period after vaccination was considered the period prior to immune protection; vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated based on febrile respiratory illness presentation and laboratory confirmation of influenza before or after this 14-day period. Thirty-two cases presented within 14 days of vaccination, and five cases presented beyond 14 days from vaccination. VE in this population was estimated to be 94.4% for laboratory-confirmed influenza. In contrast, VE was only 13.9% for influenza-like illness (ILI) without a laboratory confirmation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Defense DoD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Air Force Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Defense DoD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM russell@nhre.navy.mil NR 10 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 BP 1981 EP 1985 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.10.0223 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 908EI UT WOS:000227769800012 PM 15734071 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Harris, JA AF Prokopuk, N Harris, JA TI Optical properties of asymmetric diruthenium complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Mat Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 830-INOR BP U1091 EP U1091 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707827 ER PT J AU Watson, RS Van Aken, JA Lockette, WE AF Watson, RS Van Aken, JA Lockette, WE TI Ephedrine inhibits alpha-2 adrenergic receptor-mediated platelet aggregation in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1053 EP A1054 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900379 ER PT J AU Meir, JU Stockard, TK Heil, J Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ AF Meir, JU Stockard, TK Heil, J Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ TI Air sac P-O2 and oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Calif San Diego, CMBB, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Tokyo, Int Coastal Res Ctr, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A671 EP A671 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610704562 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Ponganis, PJ Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA AF Stockard, TK Ponganis, PJ Levenson, DH Berg, L Fransioli, JR Baranov, EA TI Blood oxygen depletion during rest-associated apneas of elephant seals SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Balboa Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Limnol Inst, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A671 EP A671 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610704565 ER PT J AU Saitoh, A Pong, A Waecker, NJ Leake, JAD Nespeca, MP Bradley, JS AF Saitoh, A Pong, A Waecker, NJ Leake, JAD Nespeca, MP Bradley, JS TI Prediction of neurologic sequelae in childhood tuberculous meningitis - A review of 20 cases and proposal of a novel scoring system SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Meeting of the Infectious-Disease-Society-of-America CY OCT 26, 2002 CL Chicago, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHILDREN; PRESSURE AB Background: Despite effective antituberculous medications, the mortality and morbidity remain high in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The traditional clinical staging for TBM developed by Lincoln et al in 1960 has been widely used to predict long term neurologic sequelae (NS). In the current era of critical care medicine and corticosteroid therapy, a new scoring system is needed to predict NS more accurately in children with TBM. Methods: We reviewed all available cases of TBM in San Diego, CA, during 1991-2001 retrospectively, and we developed a novel scoring system to predict NS in children with TBM. We assessed a tuberculous meningitis acute neurologic (TBAN) score at day 0 and on day 3 of hospitalization, to compare children who subsequently developed severe NS with those who did not. Results: Among 20 children with TBM, 7 children developed severe NS and 1 child died during hospitalization. The TBAN score was higher on day 0 in those with severe NS (5.5 versus 2.0, P = 0.09), and the difference became statistically significant by day 3 of hospitalization (5.5 versus 0.0, P = 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of the TBAN score (>= 4) on day 0 (75 and 92%) and day 3 (88 and 100%) to predict severe NS were superior to the traditional clinical staging system on day 0 (63 and 58%). Conclusions: The TBAN score is an objective marker for predicting severe NS in children with TBM. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Neurol, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. United States Naval Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bradley, JS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3020 Childrens Way,MC 5041, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jbradley@chsd.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00827] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000154321.61866.2d PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 905KT UT WOS:000227567700003 PM 15750455 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Berry, KH AF Seltzer, MD Berry, KH TI Laser ablation ICP-MS profiling and semiquantitative determination of trace element concentrations in desert tortoise shells: documenting the uptake of elemental toxicants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; ICP-MS; desert tortoise; trace elements; zinc; arsenic ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; HUMAN HAIR; CALIFORNIA; TEETH; NAILS; CARBONATES; EXPOSURE; METALS AB The outer keratin layer (scute) of desert tortoise shells consists of incrementally grown laminae in which various bioaccumulated trace elements are sequestered during scute deposition. Laser ablation ICP-MS examination of laminae in scutes of dead tortoises revealed patterns of trace elemental distribution from which the chronology of elemental uptake can be inferred. These patterns may be of pathologic significance in the case of elemental toxicants such as arsenic, which has been linked to both shell and respiratory diseases. Laser ablation transects, performed along the lateral surfaces of sectioned scutes, offered the most successful means of avoiding exogenous contamination that was present on the scute exterior. Semiquantitative determination of elemental concentrations was achieved using sulfur, a keratin matrix element, as an internal standard. The results presented here highlight the potential of laser ablation ICP-MS as a diagnostic tool for investigating toxic element uptake as it pertains to tortoise morbidity and mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Code 4T4230D,1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.027 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910FK UT WOS:000227915700020 PM 15740773 ER EF