FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kumar, D He, CL Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Kumar, Dheeraj He, Chunlin Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Connecting energetic nitropyrazole and aminotetrazole moieties with N,N '-ethylene bridges: A promising approach for fine tuning energetic properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DICARBOXYLIC-ACID DIHYDRAZIDES; 2-NITROGUANIDINE DERIVATIVES; FUSED HETEROCYCLE; SALTS; PERFORMANCE; FAMILY; FUNCTIONALITIES; SENSITIVITY; STRATEGY; PYRAZOLE AB A new approach for fine tuning the properties of energetic compounds through bonding of energetic pyrazoles with tetrazole moieties by means of N,N'-ethylene bridges is described. Reactions of various pyrazole derivatives with 2-haloethylamines, followed by reaction with cyanogen azide resulted in the formation of compounds having ethylene-bridged 5-aminotetrazole and nitropyrazole. Further reactions on this basic framework resulted in various energetic compounds having mono, di or tri nitro-substituted pyrazole moieties, and an amino or nitroimino-substituted tetrazole ring. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, and NMR [H-1, C-13{H-1}, N-15] spectra, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some of them were also structurally characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Heats of formation and detonation performance for all the energetic compounds were calculated using Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs, respectively. Initial studies showed that the properties of energetic compounds can indeed be fine-tuned by careful selection of the number and nature of energetic groups on the pyrazole and tetrazole rings. C1 [Kumar, Dheeraj; He, Chunlin; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-16-1-2089]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-15-1-0028] FX Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-16-1-2089), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-15-1-0028) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 23 BP 9220 EP 9228 DI 10.1039/c6ta02387h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DQ1FP UT WOS:000378947200034 ER PT J AU Li, FR Chen, HR Pan, J Cha, TG Medintz, IL Choi, JH AF Li, Feiran Chen, Haorong Pan, Jing Cha, Tae-Gon Medintz, Igor L. Choi, Jong Hyun TI A DNAzyme-mediated logic gate for programming molecular capture and release on DNA origami SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STRAND-DISPLACEMENT; ENZYME; CIRCUITS; THROMBIN; AMPLIFICATION; BINDING; SYSTEMS; PROTEIN; SIGNAL; LIGHT AB Here we design a DNA origami-based site-specific molecular capture and release platform operated by a DNAzyme-mediated logic gate process. We show the programmability and versatility of this platform with small molecules, proteins, and nanoparticles, which may also be controlled by external light signals. C1 [Li, Feiran; Chen, Haorong; Pan, Jing; Cha, Tae-Gon; Choi, Jong Hyun] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Choi, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jchoi@purdue.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory Nanosciences Institute; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This study was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, the Naval Research Laboratory Nanosciences Institute, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. J. H. C. also gratefully acknowledges the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 54 BP 8369 EP 8372 DI 10.1039/c6cc02989b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP7YR UT WOS:000378715600005 PM 27211274 ER PT S AU Davis, B Gera, R Lazzaro, G Lim, BY Rye, EC AF Davis, Benjamin Gera, Ralucca Lazzaro, Gary Lim, Bing Yong Rye, Erik C. BE Cherifi, H Goncalves, B Menezes, R Sinatra, R TI The Marginal Benefit of Monitor Placement on Networks SO COMPLEX NETWORKS VII SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Complex Networks (CompleNet) CY MAR 23-25, 2016 CL Univ Bourgogne, Dijon, FRANCE HO Univ Bourgogne AB Inferring the structure of an unknown network is a difficult problem of interest to researchers, academics, and industrialists. We develop a novel algorithm to infer nodes and edges in an unknown network. Our algorithm utilizes monitors that detect incident edges and adjacent nodes with their labels and degrees. The algorithm infers the network through a preferential random walk with a probabilistic restart at a previously discovered but unmonitored node, or a random teleportation to an unexplored node. Our algorithm outperforms random walk inference and random placement of monitors inference in edge discovery in all test cases. Our algorithm outperforms both methodologies in node inference in synthetic test networks; on real networks it outperforms them in the beginning of the inference. Finally, a website was created where these algorithms can be tested live on preloaded networks or custom networks as desired by the user. The visualization also displays the network as it is being inferred, and provides other statistics about the real and inferred networks. C1 [Davis, Benjamin; Gera, Ralucca; Lazzaro, Gary; Lim, Bing Yong; Rye, Erik C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gera, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. EM RGera@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-319-30569-1; 978-3-319-30568-4 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2016 VL 644 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30569-1_7 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF0GT UT WOS:000378833300007 ER PT J AU Shahin, DI Anderson, TJ Wheeler, VD Tadjer, MJ Koehler, AD Hobart, KD Eddy, CR Kub, FJ Christou, A AF Shahin, David I. Anderson, Travis J. Wheeler, Virginia D. Tadjer, Marko J. Koehler, Andrew D. Hobart, Karl D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kub, Francis J. Christou, Aris TI Electrical and Thermal Stability of ALD-Deposited TiN Transition Metal Nitride Schottky Gates for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; WORK FUNCTION; N-GAN; CONTACTS; DEGRADATION; HETEROSTRUCTURE; TI/AL/NI/AU AB TiN, a transition metal nitride, has been evaluated as an electrically and thermally stable Schottky gate material for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. HEMTs with 75 nm TiN gates deposited via atomic layer deposition at 350 degrees C exhibited improved static and dynamic on-state characteristics compared to Ni/Au-gated HEMTs. Reverse bias gate stressing indicated a higher critical voltage and higher breakdown voltage for the TiN-gated HEMTs. The TiN gated devices exhibited stable DC operation after annealing at temperatures as high as 800 degrees C, while the Ni/Au gates exhibited significant degradation after annealing above 500 degrees C and failed catastrophically at 800 degrees C. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Shahin, David I.; Christou, Aris] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Kub, Francis J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shahin, DI (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dshahin@umd.edu; anderson@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL Institute for Nanoscience staff; Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the NRL Institute for Nanoscience staff (Dean St. Amand and Walter Spratt) for cleanroom equipment and support. Work at NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 7 BP Q204 EP Q207 DI 10.1149/2.0211607jss PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DP9TJ UT WOS:000378840000024 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Greenlee, JD Hite, JK Shahin, DI Kub, FJ Hobart, KD AF Weaver, B. D. Anderson, T. J. Koehler, A. D. Greenlee, J. D. Hite, J. K. Shahin, D. I. Kub, F. J. Hobart, K. D. TI On the Radiation Tolerance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; PROTON IRRADIATION; GAN; DEFECTS; DENSITY; IMPACT AB The radiation tolerance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on high quality, low threading dislocation density (TDD) ammonothermal GaN and hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN substrates was studied and compared to the radiation response of devices on SiC substrates where the TDD is 10(4) times higher. Hall and transport measurements were performed as a function of 2 MeV proton fluence. The threading dislocation density had no effect on the radiation response. Comparing the results with published data reveals that almost all irradiated GaN-based HEMTs respond to radiation damage similarly regardless of differences in initial film quality, device structure, aluminum mole fraction, etc. AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs are also shown to behave similarly but are around ten times more sensitive to radiation damage than GaN-based HEMTs. Known values of the displacement energy thresholds in GaN and GaAs are used to calculate that 36% fewer defects are created in GaN than in GaAs, which is too small to cause a 1000% difference in radiation sensitivity between GaN-and GaAs-based HEMTs. An alternative explanation is proposed in which the piezoelectric field at the AlGaN/GaN interface causes scattered carriers to be reinjected into the 2DEG channel, thereby mitigating some of the harmful radiation effects. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Weaver, B. D.; Anderson, T. J.; Koehler, A. D.; Greenlee, J. D.; Hite, J. K.; Kub, F. J.; Hobart, K. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shahin, D. I.] Univ Maryland, University Pk, PA 20742 USA. [Greenlee, J. D.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.weaver@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 7 BP Q208 EP Q212 DI 10.1149/2.0281607jss PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DP9TJ UT WOS:000378840000028 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Kumar, Dheeraj Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Asymmetric N,N '-ethylene-bridged azole-based compounds: Two way control of the energetic properties of compounds SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PROMISING PROPERTIES; FUSED HETEROCYCLE; SALTS; PERFORMANCE; DERIVATIVES; HYDROGEN; FAMILY; FUNCTIONALITIES; SENSITIVITY; PRECURSOR AB Reactions of various energetic pyrazole, triazole and tetrazole salts with 1-(2-bromoethyl)-5-aminotetrazole, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, resulted in new asymmetric N,N'-ethylenebridged azole-based energetic compounds having diversified functionalities and properties. The availability of the aminotetrazole moiety for conversion to nitroimino(tetrazole) provides a route for further modifying energetic properties. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, NMR [(1H), C-13{H-1}, N-15], elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some were also further characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Impact and friction sensitivities were measured and heats of formation and detonation performances were calculated. Results show that combination of different energetic heterocycles broadens options for the design of desirable energetic compounds. C1 [Kumar, Dheeraj; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-16-1-2089]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-15-1-0028] FX Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-16-1-2089), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-15-1-0028) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 25 BP 9931 EP 9940 DI 10.1039/c6ta03536a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DP7ZE UT WOS:000378716900027 ER PT J AU Schwartz, KL AF Schwartz, Kevin L. TI The Local Lives of a Transregional Poet: 'Abd al-Qader Bidel and the Writing of Persianate Literary History SO JOURNAL OF PERSIANATE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE 'Abd al-Qader Bidel; Persian literature; historiography; Sabk-e Hendi; Bazgasht-e adabi; nineteenth century; Central Asia; Afghanistan AB This article focuses on the different ways in which the personality and poetry of the Indian-born poet. Abd al-Qader Bidel (d. 1721) has been interpreted and deployed in a variety of contexts across the Persianate sphere of West, Central, and South Asia, particularly in the nineteenth century. By highlighting different interpretations of Bidel as an obscurantist poet, agent of change, progressive voice, unabashed innovator, and canonic master, I present a more complicated historiography of the poet than the way he is typically presented in Persian literary history. An exploration of the ways in which different peoples and places in the Persianate world have interpreted Bidel reveals a larger complex historiography, which identifies transregional similarities among West, Central, and South Asia and contributes towards a more integrative literary history of the Persianate world. C1 [Schwartz, Kevin L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schwartz, KL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM k.lewis.schwartz@gmail.com NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-7094 EI 1874-7167 J9 J PERSIANATE STUD JI J. Persianate Stud. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 83 EP 106 DI 10.1163/18747167-12341295 PG 24 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA DP6UI UT WOS:000378634100005 ER PT B AU Ngo, T Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Tan Ngo Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Matyjas, JD Hu, F Kumar, S TI Introduction: Switched/Steered Directional Antennas for Networking SO WIRELESS NETWORK PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT VIA DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS: MODELS, PROTOCOLS, AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS; SYSTEM C1 [Tan Ngo; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ngo, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4987-0754-1; 978-1-4987-0753-4 PY 2016 BP 3 EP 19 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE8SY UT WOS:000377017100002 ER PT B AU Walker, TO Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Walker, T. Owens, III Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Matyjas, JD Hu, F Kumar, S TI Medium Access Control for Wireless Networks with Directional Antennas SO WIRELESS NETWORK PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT VIA DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS: MODELS, PROTOCOLS, AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AD HOC NETWORKS; NEIGHBOR DISCOVERY ALGORITHMS; SENSE MULTIPLE-ACCESS; RADIO CHANNELS; MAC PROTOCOLS; SCHEME AB The use of directional antennas in wireless networks offers a wide variety of potential gains, including increased capacity and range, improved reliability and energy efficiency, and enhanced security. To realize these potential gains, the medium access layer must be designed to effectively utilize the unique capabilities of directional antennas. In this chapter, we review the fundamentals of medium access for wireless networks, highlight the opportunities presented by directional antennas as they apply to medium access, and discuss the medium access control (MAC) layer design issues relevant to effective utilization of directional antennas. We close with a sampling of medium access control protocols that have been proposed for directional antennas, discussing both their operation and their performance. C1 [Walker, T. Owens, III] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Walker, TO (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4987-0754-1; 978-1-4987-0753-4 PY 2016 BP 77 EP 100 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE8SY UT WOS:000377017100005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Reid, JS Christensen, M Benedetti, A AF Zhang, Jianglong Reid, Jeffrey S. Christensen, Matthew Benedetti, Angela TI An evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on weather forecasts from a biomass burning aerosol event over the Midwestern United States: observational-based analysis of surface temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; DATA-ASSIMILATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; DUST AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODIS; SIMULATIONS; PRODUCTS AB A major continental-scale biomass burning smoke event from 28-30 June 2015, spanning central Canada through the eastern seaboard of the United States, resulted in unforecasted drops in daytime high surface temperatures on the order of 2-5aEuro-aEuro-A degrees C in the upper Midwest. This event, with strong smoke gradients and largely cloud-free conditions, provides a natural laboratory to study how aerosol radiative effects may influence numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast outcomes. Here, we describe the nature of this smoke event and evaluate the differences in observed near-surface air temperatures between Bismarck (clear) and Grand Forks (overcast smoke), to evaluate to what degree solar radiation forcing from a smoke plume introduces daytime surface cooling, and how this affects model bias in forecasts and analyses. For this event, mid-visible (550aEuro-nm) smoke aerosol optical thickness (AOT, tau) reached values above 5. A direct surface cooling efficiency of -1.5aEuro-A degrees C per unit AOT (at 550aEuro-nm, tau(550)) was found. A further analysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) near-surface air temperature forecasts for up to 54aEuro-h as a function of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target AOT data across more than 400 surface stations, also indicated the presence of the daytime aerosol direct cooling effect, but suggested a smaller aerosol direct surface cooling efficiency with magnitude on the order of -0.25 to -1.0aEuro-A degrees C per unit tau(550). In addition, using observations from the surface stations, uncertainties in near-surface air temperatures from ECMWF, NCEP, and UKMO model runs are estimated. This study further suggests that significant daily changes in tau(550) above 1, at which the smoke-aerosol-induced direct surface cooling effect could be comparable in magnitude with model uncertainties, are rare events on a global scale. Thus, incorporating a more realistic smoke aerosol field into numerical models is currently less likely to significantly improve the accuracy of near-surface air temperature forecasts. However, regions such as eastern China, eastern Russia, India, and portions of the Saharan and Taklamakan deserts, where significant daily changes in AOTs are more frequent, are likely to benefit from including an accurate aerosol analysis into numerical weather forecasts. C1 [Zhang, Jianglong; Christensen, Matthew] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Benedetti, Angela] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU NASA [NNX14AJ13G]; NSF [IIA-1355466]; ONR [322 (N0001415WX00854)] FX Authors Jianglong Zhang and Matthew Christensen acknowledge the support of the NASA project NNX14AJ13G and the NSF project IIA-1355466. Author Jeffrey S. Reid was supported by ONR Code 322 (N0001415WX00854). We thank the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) group for the NCEP and UK Met Office model data. We thank the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) for surface-based meteorological observations. We also thank the AERONET program and their affiliated members for the surface-based aerosol optical property measurements. We further thank Morgan M. Simms for obtaining NWS related weather data. Editorial support from E. A. Reid is gratefully acknowledged. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 10 BP 6475 EP 6494 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6475-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WL UT WOS:000378354100027 ER PT J AU Trinh, QT Kalisch, S Preusse, P Ern, M Chun, HY Eckermann, SD Kang, MJ Riese, M AF Trinh, Quang Thai Kalisch, Silvio Preusse, Peter Ern, Manfred Chun, Hye-Yeong Eckermann, Stephen D. Kang, Min-Jee Riese, Martin TI Tuning of a convective gravity wave source scheme based on HIRDLS observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; SATELLITE; STRATOSPHERE; EXCITATION AB Convection as one dominant source of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) has been the focus of investigation over recent years. However, its spatial and temporal forcing scales are not well known. In this work we address this open issue by a systematic verification of free parameters of the Yonsei convective GW source scheme based on observations from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS). The instrument can only see a limited portion of the gravity wave spectrum due to visibility effects and observation geometry. To allow for a meaningful comparison of simulated GWs to observations, a comprehensive filter, which mimics the instrument limitations, is applied to the simulated waves. By this approach, only long horizontal-scale convective GWs are addressed. Results show that spectrum, distribution of momentum flux, and zonal mean forcing of long horizontal-scale convective GWs can be successfully simulated by the superposition of three or four combinations of parameter sets reproducing the observed GW spectrum. These selected parameter sets are different for northern and southern summer. Although long horizontal-scale waves are only part of the full spectrum of convective GWs, the momentum flux of these waves is found to be significant and relevant for the driving of the QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation). The zonal momentum balance is considered in vertical cross sections of GW momentum flux (GWMF) and GW drag (GWD). Global maps of the horizontal distribution of GWMF are considered and consistency between simulated results and HIRDLS observations is found. The latitude dependence of the zonal phase speed spectrum of GWMF and its change with altitude is discussed. C1 [Trinh, Quang Thai; Kalisch, Silvio; Preusse, Peter; Ern, Manfred; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Chun, Hye-Yeong; Kang, Min-Jee] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lab Atmospher Dynam, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trinh, QT (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM t.trinh@fz-juelich.de RI Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via project MS-GWaves/SV [PR 919/4-1]; Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA [2015-6160]; Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association FX This work was funded in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the project MS-GWaves/SV (PR 919/4-1). H.-Y. Chun and M.-J. Kang were supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA 2015-6160.; The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by a Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7335 EP 7356 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7335-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600039 ER PT J AU Srinivas, D Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Srinivas, Dharavath Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI From FOX-7 to H-FOX to insensitive energetic materials with hypergolic properties SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHENE FOX-7; DENSITY MATERIAL; IONIC LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; DERIVATIVES; SALTS; DECOMPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; 1-AMINO-1-HYDRAZINO-2,2-DINITROETHENE; DETONATIONS AB Nitrogen/halogen rich derivatives, 3, 4, 8, and 9 of FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2- dinitroethene), and H-FOX (1-hydrazinyl-2,2-dinitroethenamine) have been synthesized, characterized and found to exhibit good energetic properties. Compound 4 displays hypergolic properties with commonly utilized fuels such as monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), and hydrazine hydrate (HH), as well as with ethylenediamine (EN), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) showing ignition delay times between 2.5 to 10 ms. Additionally, the hypergolic properties of 4 and 8 were further studied by using ammonia borane as a fuel solubilized in a green ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide, (1 : 1 molar ratio). This is a new role for a derivative of H-FOX. The energetic and physical properties of all the molecules were either measured or calculated. All of materials were characterized by NMR, and infrared spectra, elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry. Single crystal X-ray structural measurements for 4 and 9 were helpful in their confirmation. C1 [Srinivas, Dharavath; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU ONR [N00014-16-1-2089]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-15-1-0028] FX The authors are grateful for the support of ONR (N00014-16-1-2089), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-15-1-0028), and to Dr Joseph P. Hooper, Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943 for Cheetah 7.0 calculations. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 49 BP 7668 EP 7671 DI 10.1039/c6cc02669a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP1FS UT WOS:000378236500006 PM 27225382 ER PT J AU He, CL Yin, P Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF He, Chunlin Yin, Ping Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic aminated-azole assemblies from intramolecular and intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O and N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTAL; DERIVATIVES; EXPLOSIVES; STABILITY; CATION; SALTS AB Compounds with adjacent C-NO2, C-NH2 and N-NH2 groups were designed and synthesized via amination. Their structures were characterized by infrared, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The effect of intramolecular and intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O and N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds is discussed. Detonation properties were calculated by EXPLO 5 software based on calculated HOFs and experimental densities. C1 [He, Chunlin; Yin, Ping; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-16-1-2089]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-15-1-0028] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-16-1-2089) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-15-1-0028). NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 52 BP 8123 EP 8126 DI 10.1039/c6cc03833f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP3JV UT WOS:000378390300014 PM 27270751 ER PT J AU Valente, A Sathyendranath, S Brotas, V Groom, S Grant, M Taberner, M Antoine, D Arnone, R Balch, WM Barker, K Barlow, R Belanger, S Berthon, JF Besiktepe, S Brando, V Canuti, E Chavez, F Claustre, H Crout, R Frouin, R Garcia-Soto, C Gibb, S Gould, R Hooker, S Kahru, M Klein, H Kratzer, S Loisel, H Mckee, D Mitchell, BG Moisan, T Muller-Karger, F O'Dowd, L Ondrusek, M Poulton, AJ Repecaud, M Smyth, T Sosik, HM Twardowski, M Voss, K Werdell, J Wernand, M Zibordi, G AF Valente, Andre Sathyendranath, Shubha Brotas, Vanda Groom, Steve Grant, Michael Taberner, Malcolm Antoine, David Arnone, Robert Balch, William M. Barker, Kathryn Barlow, Ray Belanger, Simon Berthon, Jean-Francois Besiktepe, Sukru Brando, Vittorio Canuti, Elisabetta Chavez, Francisco Claustre, Herve Crout, Richard Frouin, Robert Garcia-Soto, Carlos Gibb, StuartW. Gould, Richard Hooker, Stanford Kahru, Mati Klein, Holger Kratzer, Susanne Loisel, Hubert Mckee, David Mitchell, Brian G. Moisan, Tiffany Muller-Karger, Frank O'Dowd, Leonie Ondrusek, Michael Poulton, Alex J. Repecaud, Michel Smyth, Timothy Sosik, Heidi M. Twardowski, Michael Voss, Kenneth Werdell, Jeremy Wernand, Marcel Zibordi, Giuseppe TI A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID WATERS; VALIDATION; ATLANTIC; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; SCATTERING; PRODUCTS; MODEL; NM AB A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015). C1 [Valente, Andre; Brotas, Vanda] Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Sathyendranath, Shubha; Groom, Steve; Grant, Michael; Smyth, Timothy] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Taberner, Malcolm] EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Antoine, David] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, David] Curtin Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Med Radiat Sci, Remote Sensing & Satellite Res Grp, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Barker, Kathryn] ARGANS Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Barlow, Ray] Bayworld Ctr Res & Educ, Cape Town, South Africa. [Belanger, Simon] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Berthon, Jean-Francois; Canuti, Elisabetta; Zibordi, Giuseppe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Brando, Vittorio] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Brando, Vittorio] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy. [Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Claustre, Herve] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOV, INSU,CNRS, 181 Chemin Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Crout, Richard; Gould, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Frouin, Robert; Kahru, Mati; Mitchell, Brian G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] Spanish Inst Oceanog IEO, Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] PIE EHU, Plentzia 48620, Spain. [Gibb, StuartW.] Univ Highlands & Isl, North Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso, Scotland. [Hooker, Stanford; Werdell, Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Klein, Holger] Fed Maritime & Hydrog Agcy, Operat Oceanog Grp, Hamburg, Germany. [Kratzer, Susanne] Stockholm Univ, Frescati Backe, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Loisel, Hubert] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Oceanol & Geosci, Maison Rech Environm Naturel, Wimereux, France. [Mckee, David] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Moisan, Tiffany] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing ImaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [O'Dowd, Leonie] Inst Marine, Fisheries & Ecosystem Advisory Serv, Galway, Ireland. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD USA. [Poulton, Alex J.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Biogeochem & Ecosyst, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England. [Repecaud, Michel] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France. [Sosik, Heidi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Twardowski, Michael] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wernand, Marcel] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Phys Oceanog Marine Opt & Remote Sensing, Texel, Netherlands. RP Valente, A (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. EM adovalente@fc.ul.pt RI Valente, Andre/G-5244-2016; Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011; OI Valente, Andre/0000-0002-8789-7038; Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Brando, Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842; Gibb, Stuart/0000-0003-3882-338X FU European Space Agency (ESA); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC); Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV); National Science Foundation [OCE 09-26766]; NASA; [PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014] FX This paper is a contribution to the ESA OC-CCI project. This work is also a contribution to project PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014. We are grateful for the efforts of the teams responsible for the collection of the data in the field and of the teams responsible for processing and storing the data in archives, without which this work would not be possible. We thank Tamoghna Acharyya and Robert Brewin at Plymouth Marine Laboratory for their initial contribution to this work. We thank the NOAA (US) for making available the MOBY data and Yong Sung Kim for the help with questions about MOBY data. BOUSSOLE is supported and funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) and the Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV). We thank ACRIST, ARGANS and ESA for access to the MERMAID Database (http://hermes.acri.fr/mermaid). We thank Annelies Hommersom, Pierre Yves Deschamps and David Siegel for allowing the use of MERMAID data for which they are principal investigators. We thank the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for access to AMT data and in particular Polly Hadziabdic and Rob Thomas for their help with questions about the AMT dataset. We thank Victoria Hill, Patrick Holligan, Gerald Moore and Emilio Suarez for the use of AMT data for which they are principal investigators. We thank Sam Ahmed, Hui Feng, Alex Gilerson and Brent Holben for allowing the use of the AERONET-OC data for which they are principal investigators. We thank also the AERONET staff and site support people. We thank Bob Bidigare, Matthew Church, Ricardo Letelier and Jasmine Nahorniak for making the HOT data available, and the National Science Foundation for support of the HOT research (grant OCE 09-26766). We thank Yves Dandonneau for allowing the use of GeP&CO data. We thank the ICES database on the marine environment (Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014) for allowing the use of their archived data, and Marilynn Sorensen for the help with questions about the ICES dataset. We thank all ICES contributors for their data. We thank Eric Zettler and the SEA Education Association. We thank NASA, SeaBASS and the Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for access to SeaBASS and NOMAD data. We thank NASA for project funding for data collection. We thank Chris Proctor from SeaBASS for his valuable and prompt help with a variety of questions. Finally, we are deeply thankful to the data contributors of NOMAD and SeaBASS: Kevin Arrigo, Mike Behrenfeld, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Brown, Douglas Capone, Ken Carder, Alex Chekalyuk, Jay-Chung Chen, Dennis Clark, Jorge Corredor, Glenn Cota, Yves Dandonneau, Heidi Dierssen, David Eslinger, Piotr Flatau, Joaquim Goes, Gwo-Ching Gong, Larry Harding, Jon Hare, Chuanmin Hu, Sung-Ho Kang, Gary Kirkpatrick, Oleg Kopelevich, Sam Laney, Zhongping Lee, Ricardo Letelier, Marlon Lewis, Antonio Mannino, John Marra, Chuck McClain, Christophe Menkes, Mark Miller, Ru Morrison, James Mueller, James Nelson, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, David Phinney, John Porter, Collin Roesler, David Siegel, Mike Sieracki, Jeffrey Smart, Raymond Smith, James Spinhirne, Dariusz Stramski, Rick Stumpf, Ajit Subramaniam, Chuck Trees, Ronald Zaneveld, Eric Zettler and Richard Zimmerman. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.5194/essd-8-235-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900019 ER PT B AU Torok, T Lionello, R Titov, VS Leake, JE Mikic, Z Linker, JA Linton, MG AF Torok, T. Lionello, R. Titov, V. S. Leake, J. E. Mikic, Z. Linker, J. A. Linton, M. G. BE Dorotovic, I Fischer, CE Temmer, M TI Modeling Jets in the Corona and Solar Wind SO GROUND-BASED SOLAR OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION ERA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting on Ground-based Solar Observations in the Space Instrumentation Era CY OCT 05-09, 2015 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL SP SCOSTEP, Variabil Sun & Its Terrestrial Impact, European Space Agcy, Fundacio Ciencia & Tecnologia, Univ Coimbra Reitoria, Univ Coimbra, Dept Matemat, Observat Paris HO Univ Coimbra ID X-RAY JETS; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL; H-ALPHA SURGES; FLUX EMERGENCE; POLAR JETS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BRIGHT POINTS; BLOWOUT JETS AB Coronal jets are transient, collimated eruptions that occur in regions of predominantly open magnetic field in the solar corona. Our understanding of these events has greatly evolved in recent years but several open questions, such as the contribution of coronal jets to the solar wind, remain. Here we present an overview of the observations and numerical modeling of coronal jets, followed by a brief description of "next-generation" simulations that include an advanced description of the energy transfer in the corona ("thermodynamic MHD"), large spherical computational domains, and the solar wind. These new models will allow us to address some of the open questions. C1 [Torok, T.; Lionello, R.; Titov, V. S.; Mikic, Z.; Linker, J. A.] Predict Sci Inc, 9990 Mesa Rim Rd,Ste 170, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Leake, J. E.; Linton, M. G.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Torok, T (reprint author), Predict Sci Inc, 9990 Mesa Rim Rd,Ste 170, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM tibor@predsci.com NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-892-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 504 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9RQ UT WOS:000378098700029 ER PT S AU Allwein, G Harrison, WL AF Allwein, Gerard Harrison, William L. BE Bimbo, K TI Distributed Modal Logic SO J. MICHAEL DUNN ON INFORMATION BASED LOGICS SE Outstanding Contributions to Logic LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Hilbert systems; Kripke; Modal algebras; Modal logic; Simulations AB Modal logics typically have only one domain of discourse-i.e., the collection of worlds or states. For distributed computing systems, however, it makes sense to have several collections of worlds and to relate one domain's local worlds to another's using either relations or special maps. To this end, we introduce distributed modal logics. Distributed modal logics lift the distribution structure of a distributed system directly into the logic, thereby parameterizing the logic by the distribution structure itself. Each domain supports a "local logic" (which can itself be a modal logic). The connections between local logics are realized as "distributed modal connectives" where these connectives take propositions in one logic to propositions in another. Weak distributed logic systems require neighborhood semantics and, hence, the connection between domains becomes a neighborhood map linking each world in one domain to a collection of neighborhoods in another domain. In sufficiently strong distributed logic systems, the maps may be Kripke relations linking worlds from two different domains. We briefly illustrate distributed modal logics with the outline of a security verification for a hardware distributed system (i.e., a system-on-a-chip) with components that must be woven into proofs of security statements. Distributed modal logics also support probabilistic systems using stochastic relations. C1 [Allwein, Gerard] Naval Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harrison, William L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Allwein, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerard.allwein@nrl.navy.mil; harrisonwl@missouri.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-2766 BN 978-3-319-29300-4; 978-3-319-29298-4 J9 OUTST CONTRIB LOGIC PY 2016 VL 8 BP 331 EP 362 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29300-4_16 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-29300-4 PG 32 WC Logic; Philosophy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA BE8MB UT WOS:000376582100018 ER PT S AU Ryzhikov, VD Naydenov, SV Volkov, VG Opolonin, OD Makhota, S Pochet, T Smith, CF AF Ryzhikov, V. D. Naydenov, S. V. Volkov, V. G. Opolonin, O. D. Makhota, S. Pochet, T. Smith, C. F. BE Kontos, D Flohr, TG Lo, JY TI A dual-energy medical instrument for measurement of X-ray source voltage and dose rate SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2016: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Modus Med Devices Inc, Bruker, Poco Graphite, ImXPAD, Carestream Hlth Inc, GE Healthcare DE X-ray tube; medical instruments; dual-energy scintillation detectors; voltage and dose rate measurements; zinc selenide crystals AB An original dual-energy detector and medical instrument have been developed to measure the output voltages and dose rates of X-ray sources. Theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to characterize the parameters of a new scintillator-photodiode sandwich-detector based on specially-prepared zinc selenide crystals in which the low-energy detector (LED) works both as the detector of the low-energy radiation and as an absorption filter allowing the high-energy fraction of the radiation to pass through to the high-energy detector (HED). The use of the LED as a low-energy filter in combination with a separate HED opens broad possibilities for such sandwich structures. In particular, it becomes possible to analyze and process the sum, difference and ratio of signals coming from these detectors, ensuring a broad (up to 106) measurement range of X-ray intensity from the source and a leveling of the energy dependence. We have chosen an optimum design of the detector and the geometry of the component LED and HED parts that allow energy-dependence leveling to within specified limits. The deviation in energy dependence of the detector does not exceed about 5% in the energy range from 30 to 120 keV. The developed detector and instrument allow contactless measurement of the anode voltage of an X-ray emitter from 40 to 140 kV with an error no greater than 3%. The dose rate measurement range is from 1 to 200 R/min. An original medical instrument has passed clinical testing and was recommended for use in medical institutions for X-ray diagnostics. C1 [Ryzhikov, V. D.; Volkov, V. G.; Opolonin, O. D.; Makhota, S.] Inst Scintillat Mat, 60 Lenin Ave, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Naydenov, S. V.] Kharkov Single Crystals Inst, Dept Nonlinear Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave, UA-310141 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Pochet, T.] DETEC Europe, 2 Allee Kerpayen, F-56000 Vannes, France. [Smith, C. F.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA USA. RP Naydenov, SV (reprint author), Kharkov Single Crystals Inst, Dept Nonlinear Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave, UA-310141 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM sergei.naydenov@gmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0018-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9783 AR 97834X DI 10.1117/12.2214221 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE9YS UT WOS:000378352900169 ER PT S AU Ryzhikov, VD Naydenov, SV Opolonin, OD Volkov, VG Smith, CF AF Ryzhikov, V. D. Naydenov, S. V. Opolonin, O. D. Volkov, V. G. Smith, C. F. BE Kontos, D Flohr, TG Lo, JY TI Multi-energy method of digital radiography for imaging of biological objects SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2016: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Modus Med Devices Inc, Bruker, Poco Graphite, ImXPAD, Carestream Hlth Inc, GE Healthcare DE X-ray digital radiography; dual-energy radiography and three-energy radiography; medical imaging; scintillation detectors; effective atomic number; biological material reconstruction AB This work has been dedicated to the search for a new possibility to use multi-energy digital radiography (MER) for medical applications. Our work has included both theoretical and experimental investigations of 2-energy (2E) and 3 energy (3E) radiography for imaging the structure of biological objects. Using special simulation methods and digital analysis based on the X-ray interaction energy dependence for each element of importance to medical applications in the X-ray range of energy up to 150 keV, we have implemented a quasi-linear approximation for the energy dependence of the X-ray linear mass absorption coefficient mu(m) (E) that permits us to determine the intrinsic structure of the biological objects. Our measurements utilize multiple X-ray tube voltages (50, 100, and 150 kV) with Al and Cu filters of different thicknesses to achieve 3-energy X-ray examination of objects. By doing so, we are able to achieve significantly improved imaging quality of the structure of the subject biological objects. To reconstruct and visualize the final images, we use both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) palettes of identification. The result is a 2E and/or 3E representation of the object with color coding of each pixel according to the data outputs. Following the experimental measurements and post -processing, we produce a 3E image of the biological object - in the case of our trials, fragments or parts of chicken and turkey. C1 [Ryzhikov, V. D.; Opolonin, O. D.; Volkov, V. G.] Inst Scintillat Mat, 60 Lenin Ave, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Naydenov, S. V.] Inst Single Crystals, Dept Nonlinear Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Smith, C. F.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA USA. RP Naydenov, SV (reprint author), Inst Single Crystals, Dept Nonlinear Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave, Kharkov, Ukraine. EM sergei.naydenov@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0018-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9783 AR 978348 DI 10.1117/12.2214626 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE9YS UT WOS:000378352900144 ER PT S AU Aiken, DC Ramsey, S Mayo, T Lambrakos, SG Peak, J AF Aiken, Daniel C. Ramsey, Scott Mayo, Troy Lambrakos, Samuel G. Peak, Joseph BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Parametric Models of Reflectance Spectra for Dyed Fabrics SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Beer-Lambert Law; Near-infrared; Kramers-Kronig relations; Parametric model; Diffuse reflectance; Absorption coefficient; Functional dyes; Camouflage textiles AB This study examines parametric modeling of NIR reflectivity spectra for dyed fabrics, which provides for both their inverse and direct modeling. The dye considered for prototype analysis is triarylamine dye. The fabrics considered are camouflage textiles characterized by color variations. The results of this study provide validation of the constructed parametric models, within reasonable error tolerances for practical applications, including NIR spectral characteristics in camouflage textiles, for purposes of simulating NIR spectra corresponding to various dye concentrations in host fabrics, and potentially to mixtures of dyes. C1 [Aiken, Daniel C.; Ramsey, Scott; Mayo, Troy; Peak, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Signature Technol Off, 4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambrakos, Samuel G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aiken, DC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Signature Technol Off, 4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0096-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9855 AR 985509 DI 10.1117/12.2220040 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9UX UT WOS:000378216400008 ER PT S AU Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Warren, MV Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Warren, M. V. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Distributed-Feedback Interband Cascade Lasers with Reduced Contact Duty Cycles SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies IX CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; distributed-feedback laser; single-mode laser; threshold current density; efficiency AB We report the single-mode operation of mid-infrared distributed-feedback (DFB) interband cascade lasers (ICLs) with contacts that cover only a fraction of the top surface of the laser ridge. This reduces the optical loss from the metal for the GaSb-relevant device configuration in which the grating is fabricated in the top layer of the DFB laser. Continuous wave (cw) room-temperature operation in a single spectral mode is observed for contact duty cycles as small as 14% when the width of the contact is fixed at 10 mu m. The reduced contact duty cycle results in a factor of 2 decrease in the threshold current. The highest slope efficiency is observed for a contact duty cycle of 33%, for which the cw single-mode output power is as high as 6.8 mW. C1 [Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Warren, M. V.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_laser@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0096-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9855 AR 98550C DI 10.1117/12.2223178 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9UX UT WOS:000378216400011 ER PT J AU Park, J MacMahan, J Sweet, WV Kotun, K AF Park, Joseph MacMahan, Jamie Sweet, William V. Kotun, Kevin TI Continuous seiche in bays and harbors SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEVEL OSCILLATIONS; COASTAL SEICHES; SEA; TOPOGRAPHY; ISLANDS; TIDES; MODEL AB Seiches are often considered a transitory phenomenon wherein large amplitude water level oscillations are excited by a geophysical event, eventually dissipating some time after the event. However, continuous small-amplitude seiches have been recognized which raises a question regarding the origin of continuous forcing. We examine six bays around the Pacific where continuous seiches are evident and, based on spectral, modal, and kinematic analysis, suggest that tidally forced shelf resonances are a primary driver of continuous seiches. C1 [Park, Joseph; Kotun, Kevin] Natl Pk Serv, 950 N Krome Ave, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie] Naval Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. [Sweet, William V.] NOAA, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 950 N Krome Ave, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM joseph_park@nps.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.5194/os-12-355-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DP0JO UT WOS:000378176300002 ER PT S AU Kridel, D Dolk, D AF Kridel, Donald Dolk, Daniel BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Latticing and Device-Histories: Dynamic Customer Profiling for Mobile Advertising Campaigns SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB Customer targeting for mobile advertisements is a high end exercise in big data. The universe of users is on the order of 300M while active advertising campaigns are typically several hundred in number. Matching users with the campaigns they are most likely to engage with in extreme real-time environments requires adaptive model management, advanced parallel processing hardware and software, and the integration of multiple very large databases. A key component in this overall process is the generation of a mobile device-driven customer targeting profile. We present a dynamic customer profiling technique using latticing and device-histories which maps mobile devices to specific lattices (geographic locations) and tracks user behavior via device-histories. This targeting methodology provides a distinct advantage over existing approaches by profiling on an individual, rather than a customer segment, basis which enables a much finer spatial and temporal parsing of the user marketplace. C1 [Kridel, Donald] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Dolk, Daniel] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kridel, D (reprint author), St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM dkridel@gmail.com; drdolk@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 1102 EP 1111 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.140 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358201025 ER PT S AU Parker, T Jones, J Mayberry, J Chanman, G Staples, Z Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Parker, Thomas Jones, Jeremy Mayberry, Joshua Chanman, Gassium Staples, Zachary Tummala, Murali McEachen, John BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Defensive Cyber Operations in a Software-Defined Network SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB Software-defined networks (SDNs) offer network defenders the opportunity to choose from a variety of protection techniques in response to different threats. In contrast, traditional network architectures often lack the flexibility to implement threat-specific security controls. This research was conducted on a hardware SDN test bed running custom security applications to demonstrate techniques that support a network administrator's requirement to observe, orient, decide, and act upon suspicious activities in the network. Additionally, SDN application development was used to teach undergraduate and graduate students offensive and defensive cyber techniques and tactics. C1 [Parker, Thomas; Jones, Jeremy; Mayberry, Joshua; Chanman, Gassium; Staples, Zachary; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Parker, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tcparkel@nps.edu; jnjones@nps.edu; jcmayber@nps.edu; pchanman@nps.edu; zhstaple@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5561 EP 5568 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.688 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205075 ER PT S AU Boomgaarden, I Corney, J Whittaker, H Dinolt, G McEachen, J AF Boomgaarden, I. Corney, J. Whittaker, H. Dinolt, G. McEachen, J. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Mobile Konami Codes: Analysis of Android Malware Services Utilizing Sensor And Resource-Based State Changes SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB Challenges in static analysis of mobile malware have stimulated the need for emulated, dynamic analysis techniques. Unfortunately, emulating mobile devices is nontrivial because of the different types of hardware features onboard (e.g., sensors) and the manner in which users interact with their devices as compared to traditional computing platforms. To test this, our research focuses on the enumeration and comparison of static attributes and dynamic event values from sensors and resources within Android runtime environments on physical devices and within several online services' analysis environments. Utilizing the results from enumeration, we develop two different Android applications that are successful in detecting and evading the emulated environments utilized by those mobile analysis services during execution. When ran on physical devices, the same applications successfully perform a pseudo-malware action and send device identifying information to our server. C1 [Boomgaarden, I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Boomgaarden, I (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5578 EP 5587 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.690 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205077 ER PT S AU Huntley, WL AF Huntley, Wade L. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Strategic Implications of Offense and Defense in Cyberwar SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID WORLD-WAR-I; HISTORY; PERILS AB This paper examines the relative balance of offense and defense in international cyberspace conflict. Unlike previous partial assessments, this paper systematically applies "offense-defense theory" as previously developed by international relations theorists and historians. The preliminary analysis of this brief paper identifies several key distinct features of cyberspace relevant to the judgment. While concluding that most current factors point to offensive advantage in cyberspace, the analysis also indicates the limitations of evaluating only cyberspace factors. Within specified conditions, the state of the offense-defense balance can be critical to tactical and operational policy-making. But at the strategic level, the extensive interactions of cyber capabilities and other coercive means available to states necessitates evaluating how the advent of cyber technologies may be shifting balances of advantage between offense and defense in the military postures of states holistically. Note: The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. C1 [Huntley, Wade L.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Huntley, WL (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wlhuntle@nps.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5588 EP 5595 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.691 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205078 ER PT S AU Biagioni, E McEachen, J Tummala, M AF Biagioni, Edoardo McEachen, John Tummala, Murali BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Introduction to HICCS-49 Wireless Networks Minitrack SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network C1 [Biagioni, Edoardo] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McEachen, John; Tummala, Murali] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Biagioni, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM esb@hawaii.edu; mceachen@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5841 EP 5841 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.722 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205110 ER PT S AU Roth, JD Tummala, M Scrofani, JW AF Roth, John D. Tummala, Murali Scrofani, James W. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR): A Method for Accurate Geolocation in LTE-A Networks SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID LOCALIZATION AB The vulnerability of cellular networks to location-based attacks via uplink timing management commands has been studied since the advent of GSM. However, the introduction of heterogenous networks as the answer to increasing demand for data throughput has resulted in a new vulnerability to such attacks. In this work, we propose Cellular Synchronization Assisted Refinement (CeSAR), an entirely passive method of leveraging available LTE-A downlink synchronization messaging to refine uplink timing advance commands issued by the network. Our results suggest that CeSAR is capable of providing positioning improvement, not only in LTE-A networks but also in legacy deployments, of up to 254 meters. C1 [Roth, John D.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; Scrofani, James W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roth, JD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jroth@usna.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5842 EP 5850 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.723 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205111 ER PT S AU Parker, T McEachen, J AF Parker, Thomas McEachen, John BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Spectral Graph Theory Techniques SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB Wireless mobile ad hoc networks have multiple civilian and military applications. Because these networks are ad hoc and may not interact with fixed infrastructure, central nodes called cluster heads need to be assigned to manage a set of devices in the network. The cluster head needs to be assigned dynamically for two reasons. First, the cluster spends more time active, and the assignment of cluster head must be moved to ensure that its battery is not excessively drained. Secondly, because the topology of the network is a function of both the wireless channel between nodes and the mobility of the nodes, the cluster head must be located within the network based on the current topology. As the topology changes, the cluster head must be dynamically reassigned. Our proposed solution to this dynamic assignment problem utilizes spectral graph theory techniques to allow the topology of the network to determine the number of clusters and the assignment of the cluster head. C1 [Parker, Thomas; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Parker, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM tcparkel@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 BP 5851 EP 5857 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2016.724 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358205112 ER PT S AU Rosmej, FB Moinard, A Renner, O Galtier, E Lee, JJ Nagler, B Heimann, PA Schlotter, W Turner, JJ Lee, RW Makita, M Riley, D Seely, J AF Rosmej, F. B. Moinard, A. Renner, O. Galtier, E. Lee, J. J. Nagler, B. Heimann, P. A. Schlotter, W. Turner, J. J. Lee, R. W. Makita, M. Riley, D. Seely, J. GP IOP TI XFEL resonant photo-pumping of dense plasmas and dynamic evolution of autoionizing core hole states SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 08-13, 2013 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Univ California, Inst Laser Plasmas, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kansai Photon Sci Inst, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Inertial Fus Energy Forum, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Matsuo Fdn, Nara Visitors Bur, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Opto Sci & Technol, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu ID LASER; DRIVEN; FS AB Similarly to the case of LIF (Laser-Induced Fluorescence), an equally revolutionary impact to science is expected from resonant X-ray photo-pumping. It will particularly contribute to a progress in high energy density science: pumped core hole states create X-ray transitions that can escape dense matter on a 10 fs-time scale without essential photo-absorption, thus providing a unique possibility to study matter under extreme conditions. In the first proof of principle experiment at the X-ray Free Electron Laser LCLS at SCLAC [Seely, J., Rosmej, F.B., Shepherd, R., Riley, D., Lee, R.W. Proposal to Perform the 1st High Energy Density Plasma Spectroscopic Pump/Probe Experiment", approved LCLS proposal L332 (2010)] we have successfully pumped inner-shell X-ray transitions in dense plasmas. The plasma was generated with a YAG laser irradiating solid Al and Mg targets attached to a rotating cylinder. In parallel to the optical laser beam, the XFEL was focused into the plasma plume at different delay times and pump energies. Pumped X-ray transitions have been observed with a spherically bent crystal spectrometer coupled to a Princeton CCD. By using this experimental configuration, we have simultaneously achieved extremely high spectral (lambda/delta lambda approximate to 5000) and spatial resolution (delta x approximate to 70 mu m) while maintaining high luminosity and a large spectral range covered (6.90 - 8.35 angstrom). By precisely measuring the variations in spectra emitted from plasma under action of XFEL radiation, we have successfully demonstrated transient X-ray pumping in a dense plasma. C1 [Rosmej, F. B.; Moinard, A.] Univ Paris 04, Pierre & Marie Curie, UMR7605, LULI, Case 128,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Rosmej, F. B.; Moinard, A.] CEA, Ecole Polytech, LULI, CNRS,Phys Atom Plasmas Denses, Palaiseau, France. [Renner, O.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Galtier, E.; Lee, J. J.; Nagler, B.; Heimann, P. A.; Schlotter, W.; Turner, J. J.; Lee, R. W.] SLAC Accelerator Natl Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Makita, M.; Riley, D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Seely, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Galtier, E.] LULI PAPD, Paris, France. RP Rosmej, FB (reprint author), Univ Paris 04, Pierre & Marie Curie, UMR7605, LULI, Case 128,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France.; Rosmej, FB (reprint author), CEA, Ecole Polytech, LULI, CNRS,Phys Atom Plasmas Denses, Palaiseau, France. EM frank.rosmej@upmc.fr NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 688 AR 012093 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/688/1/012093 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE8AT UT WOS:000376159100093 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, J AF Helmboldt, Joseph TI A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic E and its ties to E-F coupling and meteor activity SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; midlatitude ionosphere; plasma waves and instabilities) ID SCATTER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; E-LAYERS; MID-LATITUDE; E-REGION; ECHOES; INSTABILITY; MODULATION; PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERE; PERKINS AB This paper describes the results of a multi-platform observing campaign aimed at studying midlatitude sporadic E (E-s) and associated ionospheric phenomena. The assets used were the digisonde in Boulder, Colorado; the first station of the Long Wavelength Array, LWA1, in New Mexico; the transmitters of the radio station WWV in Colorado; and 61 continuously operating GPS receivers between LWA1 and WWV. The results show that southwestward-directed medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were substantially more prevalent when E-s was detected. The amplitudes of these correlate with a plasma frequency up to about 4.5 MHz. For f(p) greater than or similar to 5 MHz, the MSTIDs become significantly weaker and basically vanish above similar to 6.5 MHz. The prevalence of meteor trail reflections observed with LWA1 also correlates with f p up to about 4.5 MHz; above this limit, the relationship exhibits a significant turnover. The observed intensity of coherent backscatter from E-s field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) also correlates with inferred plasma frequency. However, this trend continues to higher frequencies with a peak near 6 MHz, followed by a much more subtle turnover. The reflected power from E-s structures observed with LWA1 is significantly more correlated on spatial scales between 10 and 40 km. The magnitude of this correlation increases with f p up to similar to 6 MHz, above which it drops. These results are consistent with the following: (1) southwestwarddirected MSTIDs are produced via E-F coupling; (2) this coupling is stronger when the E-s layer, seeded by meteor ablation, is more dense; (3) the coupling is substantially diminished for E-s layers harboring extremely dense structures (f(p) & 5 MHz). C1 [Helmboldt, Joseph] US Naval Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Helmboldt, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU 6.1 base funding; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C=0147]; National Science Foundation of the University Radio Observatory program [AST-1139963, AST-1139974] FX The author would like to thank the reviewers for useful comments and suggestions. The author would also like to thank D. Drob for providing code for running the HWM14 model. Basic research at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. Construction of the LWA has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C=0147. Support for operations and continuing development of the LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatory program. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2016 VL 34 IS 5 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.5194/angeo-34-529-2016 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO3JP UT WOS:000377678200003 ER PT S AU Ferraro, MS Rabinovich, WS Clark, WR Waters, WD Campbell, JC Mahon, R Vaccaro, K Krejca, BD AF Ferraro, Mike S. Rabinovich, William S. Clark, William R. Waters, William D. Campbell, Joe C. Mahon, Rita Vaccaro, Kenneth Krejca, Brian D. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Impact ionization engineered avalanche photodiode arrays for free space optical communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optical communication; avalanche photodiode arrays; position sensitive detector; quadrant cell ID NOISE; GAIN AB High sensitivity photodetectors serve two purposes in free space optical communication: data reception and position sensing for pointing, tracking, and stabilization. Because of conflicting performance criteria, two separate detectors are traditionally utilized to perform these tasks but recent advances in the fabrication and development of large area, low noise avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used both as position sensitive detectors (PSD) and as communications receivers. Combining these functionalities allows for more flexibility and simplicity in optical assembly design without sacrificing the sensitivity and bandwidth performance of smaller, single element data receivers. Beyond eliminating the need to separate the return beam into two separate paths, these devices enable implementation of adaptive approaches to compensate for focal plane beam wander and breakup often seen in highly scintillated terrestrial and maritime optical links. While the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Optogration Inc, have recently demonstrated the performance of single period, InAlAs/InGaAs APD arrays as combined data reception and tracking sensors, an impact ionization engineered ((IE)-E-2) epilayer design achieves even lower carrier ionization ratios by incorporating multiple multiplication periods engineered to suppress lower ionization rate carriers while enhancing the higher ionization rate carriers of interest. This work presents a three period I2E concentric, five element avalanche photodiode array rated for bandwidths beyond 1GHz with measured carrier ionization ratios of 0.05-0.1 at moderate APD gains. The epilayer design of the device will be discussed along with initial device characterization and high speed performance measurements. C1 [Ferraro, Mike S.; Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, William R.; Waters, William D.; Vaccaro, Kenneth; Krejca, Brian D.] Optogration Inc, 60-G Concord St, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. [Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Ferraro, MS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390S DI 10.1117/12.2212725 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200025 ER PT S AU Mahon, R Pruessner, MW Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Kozak, DA Ferraro, MS Murphy, JL AF Mahon, Rita Pruessner, Marcel W. Rabinovich, William S. Goetz, Peter G. Kozak, Dmitry A. Ferraro, Mike S. Murphy, James L. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Two dimensional thermo-optic beam steering using a silicon photonic optical phased array SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE free space optical communication; silicon photonics; optical phased array; non-mechanical beam steering ID ON-INSULATOR AB Components for free space optical communication terminals such as lasers, amplifiers, and receivers have all seen substantial reduction in both size and power consumption over the past several decades. However, pointing systems, such as fast steering mirrors and gimbals, have remained large, slow and power-hungry. Optical phased arrays provide a possible solution for non-mechanical beam steering devices that can be compact and lower in power. Silicon photonics is a promising technology for phased arrays because it has the potential to scale to many elements and may be compatible with CMOS technology thereby enabling batch fabrication. For most free space optical communication applications, two-dimensional beam steering is needed. To date, silicon photonic phased arrays have achieved two-dimensional steering by combining thermo-optic steering, in-plane, with wavelength tuning by means of an output grating to give angular tuning, out-of-plane. While this architecture might work for certain static communication links, it would be difficult to implement for moving platforms. Other approaches have required N-2 controls for an NxN element phased array, which leads to complexity. Hence, in this work we demonstrate steering using the thermo-optic effect for both dimensions with a simplified steering mechanism requiring only two control signals, one for each steering dimension. C1 [Mahon, Rita; Pruessner, Marcel W.; Rabinovich, William S.; Goetz, Peter G.; Kozak, Dmitry A.; Ferraro, Mike S.; Murphy, James L.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390R DI 10.1117/12.2212724 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200024 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Murphy, JL Moore, CI AF Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Murphy, James L. Moore, Christopher I. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Characterization of modems and error correcting protocols using a scintillation playback system SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVIII CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE free space optical communication; optical scintillation; communication protocol; scintillation playback ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; RETRO-REFLECTOR LINKS; TURBULENCE STRENGTH; PROBABILITY DENSITY; COMMUNICATION; DIVERSITY; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERE AB The performance of free space optical (FSO) communication systems is strongly affected by optical scintillation. Scintillation fades can cause errors when the power on a detector falls below its noise floor, while surges can overload a detector. The very long time scale of scintillation compared to a typical bit in an FSO link means that error-correcting protocols designed for fiber optic links are inappropriate for FSO links. Comparing the performance effects of different components, such as photodetectors, or protocols, such as forward error correction, in the field is difficult because conditions are constantly changing. On the other hand, laboratory-based turbulence simulators, often using hot plates and fans, do not really simulate the effects of long-range propagation through the atmosphere. We have investigated a different approach. Scintillation has been measured during field tests using FSO terminals by sending a continuous wave beam through the atmosphere. A high dynamic range photodetector was digitized at a 10 KHz rate and files of the intensity variations were saved. Many hours of scintillation data under different environmental conditions and at different sites have been combined into a library of data. A fiber-optic based scintillation playback system was then used in the laboratory to test modems and protocols with the recorded files. This allowed comparisons using the same atmospheric conditions allowing optimization of such parameters as detector dynamic range. It also allowed comparison and optimization of different error correcting protocols. C1 [Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Ferraro, Mike S.; Murphy, James L.; Moore, Christopher I.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-974-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9739 AR 97390M DI 10.1117/12.2212633 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KN UT WOS:000377708200019 ER PT J AU Schrady, D AF Schrady, David TI MORS Naval Heritage SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 [Schrady, David] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schrady, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dschrady@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 2 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.5711/1082598321203 PG 4 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DO1RZ UT WOS:000377558100002 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Garrambone, MW Sheldon, B AF Brown, Gerald G. Jerry Garrambone, Michael W. Sheldon, Bob TI Military Operations Research Society (MORS) Oral History Project Interview of Captain Wayne P. Hughes, USN (Retired), FS SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Gerald G. Jerry] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Garrambone, Michael W.] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Sheldon, Bob] Grp W Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM GBrown@nps.edu; Michael.Garrambone.ctr@us.af.mil; bs@group-w-inc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2016 VL 21 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.5711/10825983212123 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DO1RZ UT WOS:000377558100008 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL Perkins, FK Hanbicki, AT Culbertson, JC Campbell, PM AF Friedman, Adam L. Perkins, F. Keith Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Culbertson, James C. Campbell, Paul M. TI Dynamics of chemical vapor sensing with MoS2 using 1T/2H phase contacts/channel SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; MONOLAYER MOS2; LARGE-AREA; TRANSISTORS; RESISTANCE; GRAPHENE; GROWTH; ENERGY; FIELD AB Ultra-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) films show remarkable potential for use in chemical vapor sensing devices. Electronic devices fabricated from TMD films are inexpensive, inherently flexible, low-power, amenable to industrial-scale processing because of emergent growth techniques, and have shown high sensitivity and selectivity to electron donor analyte molecules important for explosives and nerve gas detection. However, for devices reported to date, the conductance response to chemical vapors is dominated by Schottky contacts, to the detriment of the sensitivity, selectivity, recovery, and obscuring their intrinsic behavior. Here, we use contact engineering to transition the contacts in a MoS2 FET-based chemical vapor sensor to the 1T conducting phase, while leaving the channel in the 2H semi-conducting state, and thus providing Ohmic contacts to the film. We demonstrate that the resultant sensors have much improved electrical characteristics, are more selective, and recover fully after chemical vapor exposure-all major enhancements to previously MoS2 sensor devices. We identify labile nitrogen-containing electron donors as the primary species that generate a response in MoS2, and we study the dynamics of the sensing reactions, identifying two possible qualitative models for the chemical sensing reaction. C1 [Friedman, Adam L.; Hanbicki, Aubrey T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perkins, F. Keith; Culbertson, James C.; Campbell, Paul M.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.; Perkins, FK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM adam.friedman@nrl.navy.mil; keith.perkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001415WX01414] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research under contract N0001415WX01414. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 44 U2 75 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 22 BP 11445 EP 11453 DI 10.1039/c6nr01979j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DO6UU UT WOS:000377919800015 PM 27194452 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Optimal Search for Moving Targets Introduction SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400002 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Optimal Search for Moving Targets Foreword SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 2 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400001 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Search for a Stationary Target SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 9 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 40 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400003 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Search for a Moving Target in Discrete Space and Time SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODEL C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 49 EP 79 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 31 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400004 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Path-Constrained Search in Discrete Time and Space SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTEGER NONLINEAR PROGRAMS; MOVING-TARGET; MULTIPLE SEARCHERS; OPTIMIZATION; UAVS C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 81 EP 120 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 40 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400005 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Search for Moving Targets in Continuous Space SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOTION C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 121 EP 153 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 33 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400006 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Constrained Search in Continuous Time and Space SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APPROXIMATION; PARAMETERS; TARGET C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 155 EP 188 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 34 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400007 ER PT S AU Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR AF Stone, Lawrence D. Royset, Johannes O. Washburn, Alan R. BA Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR BF Stone, LD Royset, JO Washburn, AR TI Search Games SO OPTIMAL SEARCH FOR MOVING TARGETS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINE C1 [Stone, Lawrence D.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Washburn, Alan R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stone, LD (reprint author), Metron Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-3-319-26899-6; 978-3-319-26897-2 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2016 VL 237 BP 189 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26899-6 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE8FD UT WOS:000376397400008 ER PT B AU Feemster, MG AF Feemster, Matthew G. GP ASME TI A RISE CONTROLLER FOR AN ELECTRIC CONVOY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH ANNUAL DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2015) CY OCT 28-30, 2015 CL Columbus, OH SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID LONGITUDINAL CONTROL; VEHICLES; SYSTEMS; PLATOON AB In this paper, the robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) control methodology is employed to promote inter spacing distance regulation within a leader-follower convoy system by directly compensating for the preceding vehicle's velocity behavior. The RISE technique was considered since it offers the advantage of requiring less restriction/knowledge on/of the preceding vehicle's behavior (e.g., structure and/or frequency). Furthermore, the RISE algorithm is combined with a headway distancing method to aid in promoting convoy stability and as a result requires only measurement of the preceding vehicle's position signal. Simulation results are provided for an electrically actuated convoy system that demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method. C1 [Feemster, Matthew G.] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Feemster, MG (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM feemster@usna.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5725-0 PY 2016 AR V002T31 A004 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE9IY UT WOS:000377639100065 ER PT B AU Bermudez, E McDaniel, A Dickerson, T Prak, DL Hamilton, L Cowart, J AF Bermudez, Eric McDaniel, Andrew Dickerson, Terrence Prak, Dianne Luning Hamilton, Len Cowart, Jim GP ASME TI START-UP AND STEADY-STATE PERFORMANCE OF A NEW RENEWABLE HYDROPROCESSED DEPOLYMERIZED CELLULOSIC DIESEL (HDCD) FUEL IN MULTIPLE DIESEL ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB A new Hydroprocessed Depolymerized Cellulosic Diesel (HDCD) fuel has been developed using a process which takes biomass feedstock (principally cellulosic wood) to produce a synthetic fuel that has nominally 1/2 cyclo-paraffins and 1/2 aromatic hydrocarbons in content. This HDCD fuel with a low cetane value (Derived Cetane Number from the Ignition Quality Tester, DCN = 27) was blended with naval distillate fuel (NATO symbol F-76) in various quantities and tested in order to determine how much HDCD could be blended before diesel engine operation became problematic. Blends of 20% HDCD (DCN = 45), 30%, 40% (DCN = 41) and 60% HDCD (DCN = 37) by volume were tested with conventional naval distillate fuel (DCN = 49). Engine start performance was evaluated with a conventional mechanically Direct Injected (DI) Yanmar engine and a Waukesha mechanical indirect injected (TI) CFR diesel engine, and showed that engine start times increased steadily with increasing HDCD content. Longer start times with increasing HDCD content were the result of some engine cycles with poor combustion leading to a slower rate of engine acceleration towards rated speed. A repeating sequence of alternating cycles which combust followed by a non-combustion cycle were common during engine run-up. Additionally, steady state engine testing was also performed using both engines. HDCD has a significantly higher bulk modulus than F76 due to its very high aromatic content, and the engines showed earlier Start of Injection (SOI) timing with increasing HDCD content for equivalent operating conditions. Additionally, due to the lower DCN, the higher HDCD blends showed moderately longer Ignition Delay (IGD) with moderately shorter overall burn durations. Thus, the mid-combustion metric (CA50: 50% burn duration Crank Angle position) was only modestly affected with increasing HDCD content. Increasing HDCD content beyond 40% led to significantly longer start times. C1 [Bermudez, Eric] US Navy, Annapolis, MD USA. [McDaniel, Andrew; Dickerson, Terrence] US Navy, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Prak, Dianne Luning; Hamilton, Len; Cowart, Jim] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bermudez, E (reprint author), US Navy, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5727-4 PY 2016 AR V001T02A008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE9IU UT WOS:000377638400014 ER PT S AU Luo, Y Morozov, A Gordon, D Sprangle, P Svidzinsky, A Xia, H Scully, M Suckewer, S AF Luo, Y. Morozov, A. Gordon, D. Sprangle, P. Svidzinsky, A. Xia, H. Scully, M. Suckewer, S. BE Rocca, J Menoni, C Marconi, M TI Possibility of Recombination Gain Increase in CV Ions at 4.0nm Via Coherence SO X-RAY LASERS 2014 SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO HO Colorado State Univ ID INTENSITY LASER-PULSES; X-RAY LASERS; GROUND-STATE; LI-III; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; INVERSION; GENERATION; TRANSITION AB This paper is about the recent experimental results on amplification of the CV line in the "water window" at 4.03 nm from resonance transition to the ground level of He-like ions in recombination scheme. The indication of the amplification of the CV line has been observed when an elongated narrow plasma channel was created, where high intensity 100 fs beams, optimal for creating CV ions in high density plasma, was propagated up to 0.5-0.6 mm. Without channeling the effective plasma length was much shorter and there was no indication of amplification. The large interest in gain generation in He-like ions in the transition to ground state is due to the possibility of applying a recently developed theory of Lasing Without Inversion (LWI) in XUV and X-ray regions to largely increase the gain for such transitions. The presented results of the indication of CV line amplifications are being discussed from the point of view of using LWI as a superradiance gain increase, hence to construct a very compact soft X-ray laser in the "water window". The last part of the paper is related to the application of the ultra-intensive fs plasma laser, which is currently in the process of development by using stimulated Raman backscattering (SRBS) to create a plasma amplifier and compressor, as the pump for compact laser operating in the "water window" and also at shorter wavelengths. C1 [Luo, Y.; Morozov, A.; Svidzinsky, A.; Xia, H.; Scully, M.; Suckewer, S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Svidzinsky, A.; Xia, H.; Scully, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suckewer, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM suckewer@princeton.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-19521-6; 978-3-319-19520-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2016 VL 169 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19521-6_3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE9PQ UT WOS:000378036600003 ER PT J AU Cusick, TW Stanica, P AF Cusick, Thomas W. Stanica, Pantelimon TI Counting equivalence classes for monomial rotation symmetric Boolean functions with prime dimension SO CRYPTOGRAPHY AND COMMUNICATIONS-DISCRETE-STRUCTURES BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS AND SEQUENCES LA English DT Article DE Boolean functions; Rotation symmetric; Affine equivalence; Permutations; Prime numbers ID AFFINE EQUIVALENCE; VARIABLES AB Recently much progress has been made on the old problem of determining the equivalence classes of Boolean functions under permutation of the variables. In this paper we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of equivalence classes under permutation for degree d monomial rotation symmetric (MRS) functions, in the cases where d >= 3 is arbitrary and the number of variables n is a prime. Our counting formula has two main terms and an error term; this is the first instance of such a detailed result for Boolean function equivalence classes which is valid for arbitrary degree and infinitely many n. We also prove an exact formula for the count of the equivalence classes when d = 5; this extends previous work for d = 3 and 4. C1 [Cusick, Thomas W.] Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. [Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cusick, TW (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. EM cusick@buffalo.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-2447 EI 1936-2455 J9 CRYPTOGR COMMUN JI Cryptogr. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s12095-015-0143-8 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA DO2IX UT WOS:000377604400006 ER PT J AU Mailloux, LO Hodson, DD Grimaila, MR Engle, RD Mclaughlin, CV Baumgartner, GB AF Mailloux, Logan O. Hodson, Douglas D. Grimaila, Michael R. Engle, Ryan D. Mclaughlin, Colin V. Baumgartner, Gerald B. TI Using Modeling and Simulation to Study Photon Number Splitting Attacks SO IEEE ACCESS LA English DT Article DE Quantum key distribution; photon number splitting attack; decoy state protocol ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; SINGLE-PHOTON; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology, which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute unconditionally secure shared cryptographic keying material between two geographically separated parties. The unique nature of QKD that ensures eavesdropping on the key distribution channel necessarily introduces detectable errors and shows promise for high-security environments, such as banking, government, and military. However, QKD systems are vulnerable to advanced theoretical and experimental attacks. In this paper, the photon number splitting (PNS) attack is studied in a specialized QKD modeling and simulation framework. First, a detailed treatment of the PNS attack is provided with emphasis on practical considerations, such as performance limitations and realistic sources of error. Second, ideal and non-ideal variations of the PNS attack are studied to measure the eavesdropper's information gain on the QKD-generated secret key bits and examine the detectability of PNS attacks with respect to both quantum bit error rate and the decoy state protocol. Finally, this paper provides a repeatable methodology for efficiently studying advanced attacks, both realized and notional, against QKD systems and more generally quantum communication protocols. C1 [Mailloux, Logan O.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Engle, Ryan D.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mclaughlin, Colin V.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baumgartner, Gerald B.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Mailloux, LO (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM logan.mailloux@afit.edu FU Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences [5743400-304-6448]; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program within the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA FX This work was supported in part by the Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences under Grant 5743400-304-6448 and in part by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program within the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2169-3536 J9 IEEE ACCESS JI IEEE Access PY 2016 VL 4 BP 2188 EP 2197 DI 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2555759 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA DN9QL UT WOS:000377414800015 ER PT S AU Hyden, P Moskowitz, IS Russell, S AF Hyden, Paul Moskowitz, Ira S. Russell, Stephen BE Babiceanu, R Waeselynck, H Paul, RA Cukic, B Xu, J TI Using Network Topology to Supplement High Assurance Systems SO 2016 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 07-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech CommDistributed Proc, Cybersecur & Assured Syst Engn AB We explore strategies for manipulating the topology of a network to promote increased and pragmatic high assurance. Topology matters to network threats and security, and the relative distance between nodes can impact the rate of dispersion of viruses, as well as access times in denial of service (DoS), probing, and insider threat attacks. We suggest methods to separate threatening and threatened nodes with enough hops to reduce and degrade risks. This analysis provides network analysts with an option to include other measures such as risk to the construction and management of high assurance systems. We consider a scaled down model to demonstrate the proof of concept using artificial data. Specifically, we explore the efficacy of ring networks and the structure that occurs on k-hop networks when there are a prime number of nodes. This provides strategies and processes for real network operators to include information about risks associated with network participants. C1 [Hyden, Paul; Moskowitz, Ira S.] US Naval Res Lab, Informat Management & Decis Architectures Branch, Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Russell, Stephen] US Army Res Lab, Battlefield Informat Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hyden, P (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Informat Management & Decis Architectures Branch, Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4673-9912-8 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2016 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1109/HASE.2016.51 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BE8WG UT WOS:000377098300030 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Greenlee, JD Feigelson, BN Hite, JK Kub, FJ Hobart, KD AF Anderson, T. J. Greenlee, J. D. Feigelson, B. N. Hite, J. K. Kub, F. J. Hobart, K. D. TI Improved Vertical GaN Schottky Diodes with Ion Implanted Junction Termination Extension SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION; DAMAGE AB The realization of selectively implanted p-type regions in GaN as well as an understanding of processing effects that cause carrier type conversion are key enabling steps for vertical GaN devices. Here, GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with edge termination formed by either a field plate or junction termination extension (JTE) achieved by ion implanted and symmetric multicycle rapid thermal annealing (SMRTA) are presented. The devices with JTE exhibited substantially reduced leakage currents and improved turn-on characteristics. This is attributed to the elimination of the plasma process steps associated with the deposition and patterning of the field oxide layer required in a field plate process. The breakdown characteristics were studied by electroluminescence imaging, and is indicative of avalanche behavior. The realization of vertical GaN devices with low reverse leakage and ion implanted termination regions represents a key step for future power electronic devices. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, T. J.; Greenlee, J. D.; Feigelson, B. N.; Hite, J. K.; Kub, F. J.; Hobart, K. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM travis.anderson@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council; Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under the supervision of Lynn J. Peterson. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank the NRL Institute for Nanocience for device fabrication support. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 6 BP Q176 EP Q178 DI 10.1149/2.0251606jss PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DN6ZI UT WOS:000377224700028 ER PT J AU Lynch, P Reid, JS Westphal, DL Zhang, JL Hogan, TF Hyer, EJ Curtis, CA Hegg, DA Shi, YX Campbell, JR Rubin, JI Sessions, WR Turk, FJ Walker, AL AF Lynch, Peng Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Hogan, Timothy F. Hyer, Edward J. Curtis, Cynthia A. Hegg, Dean A. Shi, Yingxi Campbell, James R. Rubin, Juli I. Sessions, Walter R. Turk, F. Joseph Walker, Annette L. TI An 11-year global gridded aerosol optical thickness reanalysis (v1.0) for atmospheric and climate sciences SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MINERAL DUST AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION MODEL; DATA-ASSIMILATION; MARITIME CONTINENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; CLOUD CONTAMINATION AB While stand alone satellite and model aerosol products see wide utilization, there is a significant need in numerous atmospheric and climate applications for a fused product on a regular grid. Aerosol data assimilation is an operational reality at numerous centers, and like meteorological reanalyses, aerosol reanalyses will see significant use in the near future. Here we present a standardized 2003-2013 global 1 x 1 degrees and 6-hourly modal aerosol optical thickness (AOT) reanalysis product. This data set can be applied to basic and applied Earth system science studies of significant aerosol events, aerosol impacts on numerical weather prediction, and electro-optical propagation and sensor performance, among other uses. This paper describes the science of how to develop and score an aerosol reanalysis product. This reanalysis utilizes a modified Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) at its core and assimilates quality controlled retrievals of AOT from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) on Terra. The aerosol source functions, including dust and smoke, were regionally tuned to obtain the best match between the model fine-and coarse-mode AOTs and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOTs. Other model processes, including deposition, were tuned to minimize the AOT difference between the model and satellite AOT. Aerosol wet deposition in the tropics is driven with satellite-retrieved precipitation, rather than the model field. The final reanalyzed fine-and coarse-mode AOT at 550 nm is shown to have good agreement with AERONET observations, with global mean root mean square error around 0.1 for both fine-and coarse-mode AOTs. This paper includes a discussion of issues particular to aerosol reanalyses that make them distinct from standard meteorological reanalyses, considerations for extending such a reanalysis outside of the NASA A-Train era, and examples of how the aerosol reanalysis can be applied or fused with other model or remote sensing products. Finally, the reanalysis is evaluated in comparison with other available studies of aerosol trends, and the implications of this comparison are discussed. C1 [Lynch, Peng; Sessions, Walter R.] Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Hogan, Timothy F.; Hyer, Edward J.; Curtis, Cynthia A.; Campbell, James R.; Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Shi, Yingxi] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Hegg, Dean A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rubin, Juli I.] Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Res Associate, Monterey, CA USA. [Sessions, Walter R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Lynch, P (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp Govt Solut LLC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM peng.lynch.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322, 35]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NRL Base Program FX The development of the NAAPS reanalysis was an outcome of the needs of multiple projects, and largely supported by the Office of Naval Research code 322 and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Additional support was provided by the NRL Base Program and the Office of Naval Research 35. The development team is grateful to the effort of the operational NASA-MODIS and MISR aerosol teams for the development and implementation of their level two products. We are likewise grateful to the NASA land team for the development of their fire products. The NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data are key to verifying models such as the NAAPS reanalysis and the use of this federated network's data is gratefully acknowledged. NR 141 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1522 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1489-2016 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BC UT WOS:000376936200011 ER PT B AU Doerr, K Eaton, DR Lewis, IA AF Doerr, Kenneth Eaton, Donald R. Lewis, Ira A. BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Measurement issues in performance-based logistics SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Doerr, Kenneth; Eaton, Donald R.; Lewis, Ira A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doerr, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 287 EP 302 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500016 ER PT B AU Donaldson, IJ Hom, SC Housel, T Mun, J Silkey, T AF Donaldson, Isaac J. Hom, Sandra C. Housel, Thomas Mun, Johnathan Silkey, Trent BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Visualization of big data Current trends SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donaldson, Isaac J.] US Navy, Naval Comp & Telecommun Stn Naples, Naples, Italy. [Hom, Sandra C.; Mun, Johnathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Housel, Thomas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Silkey, Trent] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Donaldson, IJ (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Comp & Telecommun Stn Naples, Naples, Italy. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 315 EP 330 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500018 ER PT B AU Donaldson, IJ Hom, SC Housel, T Mun, J Silkey, T AF Donaldson, Isaac J. Hom, Sandra C. Housel, Thomas Mun, Johnathan Silkey, Trent BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Visualization of big data Ship maintenance metrics analysis SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donaldson, Isaac J.] US Navy, Naval Comp & Telecommun Stn Naples, Naples, Italy. [Hom, Sandra C.; Mun, Johnathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Housel, Thomas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Grad Sch Operat & Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Silkey, Trent] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Donaldson, IJ (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Comp & Telecommun Stn Naples, Naples, Italy. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 331 EP 370 PG 40 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500019 ER PT B AU Hagan, P Spede, J Sutton, T AF Hagan, Patrick Spede, Joseph Sutton, Trisha BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Defining and measuring the success of services contracts SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGENCY THEORY C1 [Hagan, Patrick; Spede, Joseph; Sutton, Trisha] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hagan, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 371 EP 401 PG 31 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500020 ER PT B AU Giachetti, RE AF Giachetti, Ronald E. BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Measurement and control of imprecision in engineering design SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUZZY; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; PARAMETERS C1 [Giachetti, Ronald E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Giachetti, RE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 491 EP 510 PG 20 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500025 ER PT B AU Engelbeck, RM AF Engelbeck, R. Marshall BE Badiru, AB Racz, L TI Using metrics to manage contractor performance SO HANDBOOK OF MEASUREMENTS: BENCHMARKS FOR SYSTEMS ACCURACY AND PRECISION SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Engelbeck, R. Marshall] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Engelbeck, RM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2523-5; 978-1-4822-2522-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2016 VL 37 BP 527 EP 542 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE7NG UT WOS:000375598500027 ER PT S AU Diaz, J Choi, SG Arroyo, D Keromytis, AD Rodriguez, FB Yung, M AF Diaz, Jesus Choi, Seung Geol Arroyo, David Keromytis, Angelos D. Rodriguez, Francisco B. Yung, Moti BE GarciaAlfaro, J NavarroArribas, G Aldini, A Martinelli, F Suri, N TI Privacy Threats in E-Shopping SO DATA PRIVACY MANAGEMENT, AND SECURITY ASSURANCE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Data Privacy Management International Workshop (DPM) / 4th International Workshop in Quantitative Aspects in Security Assurance (QASA) CY SEP 21-22, 2015 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Inst Mines Telecom, CNRS Samovar UMR 5157, UNESCO Chair Data Privacy, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Internet Interdisciplinary Inst, Open Univ Catalonia DE Privacy; Online shopping; Payment systems; Purchase systems ID SYSTEMS AB E-shopping has grown considerably in the last years, providing customers with convenience, merchants with increased sales, and financial entities with an additional source of income. However, it may also be the source of serious threats to privacy. In this paper, we review the e-shopping process, discussing attacks or threats that have been analyzed in the literature for each of its stages. By showing that there exist threats to privacy in each of them, we argue our following position: "It is not enough to protect a single independent stage, as is usually done in privacy respectful proposals in this context. Rather, a complete solution is necessary spanning the overall process, dealing also with the required interconnections between stages." Our overview also reflects the diverse types of information that e-shopping manages, and the benefits (e.g., such as loyalty programs and fraud prevention) that system providers extract from them. This also endorses the need for solutions that, while privacy preserving, do not limit or remove these benefits, if we want prevent all the participating entities from rejecting it. C1 [Diaz, Jesus; Arroyo, David; Rodriguez, Francisco B.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Choi, Seung Geol] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Keromytis, Angelos D.; Yung, Moti] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Yung, Moti] Google Inc, New York, NY USA. RP Diaz, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. EM j.diaz@uam.es; choi@usna.edu; david.arroyo@uam.es; angelos@cs.columbia.edu; f.rodriguez@uam.es; moti@cs.columbia.edu RI Arroyo, David/A-5167-2010; Rodriguez, Francisco de Borja/F-7812-2013 OI Arroyo, David/0000-0001-8894-9779; Rodriguez, Francisco de Borja/0000-0003-4053-099X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-29883-2; 978-3-319-29882-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9481 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29883-2_14 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE7JM UT WOS:000375376900014 ER PT B AU Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV AF Chaudhary, Latika Gupta, Bishnupriya Roy, Tirthankar Swamy, Anand V. BE Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV TI A NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONIAL INDIA INTRODUCTION SO NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONIAL INDIA LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID 19TH-CENTURY; TEXTILES; PERFORMANCE C1 [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. [Gupta, Bishnupriya] Univ Warwick, Econ, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Roy, Tirthankar] London Sch Econ, Econ Hist, London, England. [Swamy, Anand V.] Williams Coll, Econ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Chaudhary, L (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-77972-3; 978-1-315-77108-3; 978-1-138-77971-6 PY 2016 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BE6TM UT WOS:000374782400001 ER PT B AU Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV AF Chaudhary, Latika Gupta, Bishnupriya Roy, Tirthankar Swamy, Anand V. BE Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV TI AGRICULTURE IN COLONIAL INDIA SO NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONIAL INDIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENGAL FAMINE; COLONIZATION; BACKWARDNESS; PUNJAB C1 [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. [Gupta, Bishnupriya] Univ Warwick, Econ, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Roy, Tirthankar] London Sch Econ, Econ Hist, London, England. [Swamy, Anand V.] Williams Coll, Econ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Chaudhary, L (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-77972-3; 978-1-315-77108-3; 978-1-138-77971-6 PY 2016 BP 100 EP 116 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BE6TM UT WOS:000374782400007 ER PT B AU Bogart, D Chaudhary, L AF Bogart, Dan Chaudhary, Latika BE Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV TI RAILWAYS IN COLONIAL INDIA An economic achievement? SO NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONIAL INDIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONVERGENCE; RAILROADS; GROWTH; MARKET C1 [Bogart, Dan] Univ Calif Irvine, Econ, Irvine, CA USA. [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bogart, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Econ, Irvine, CA USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-77972-3; 978-1-315-77108-3; 978-1-138-77971-6 PY 2016 BP 140 EP 160 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BE6TM UT WOS:000374782400009 ER PT B AU Chaudhary, L AF Chaudhary, Latika BE Chaudhary, L Gupta, B Roy, T Swamy, AV TI CASTE, COLONIALISM AND SCHOOLING Education in British India SO NEW ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONIAL INDIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INVESTMENT C1 [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chaudhary, L (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Econ, Monterey, CA USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-77972-3; 978-1-315-77108-3; 978-1-138-77971-6 PY 2016 BP 161 EP 178 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BE6TM UT WOS:000374782400010 ER PT J AU Busilacchio, M Di Carlo, P Aruffo, E Biancofiore, F Salisburgo, CD Giammaria, F Bauguitte, S Lee, J Moller, S Hopkins, J Punjabi, S Andrews, S Lewis, AC Parrington, M Palmer, PI Hyer, E Wolfe, GM AF Busilacchio, Marcella Di Carlo, Piero Aruffo, Eleonora Biancofiore, Fabio Salisburgo, Cesare Dari Giammaria, Franco Bauguitte, Stephane Lee, James Moller, Sarah Hopkins, James Punjabi, Shalini Andrews, Stephen Lewis, Alistair C. Parrington, Mark Palmer, Paul I. Hyer, Edward Wolfe, Glenn M. TI Production of peroxy nitrates in boreal biomass burning plumes over Canada during the BORTAS campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; FOREST-FIRES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMISSIONS; IMPACT AB The observations collected during the BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS) campaign in summer 2011 over Canada are analysed to study the impact of forest fire emissions on the formation of ozone (O-3) and total peroxy nitrates aPNs, aROONO(2)). The suite of measurements on board the BAe-146 aircraft, deployed in this campaign, allows us to calculate the production of O-3 and of aPNs, a long-lived NOx reservoir whose concentration is supposed to be impacted by biomass burning emissions. In fire plumes, profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), which is a well-established tracer of pyrogenic emission, show concentration enhancements that are in strong correspondence with a significant increase of concentrations of aPNs, whereas minimal increase of the concentrations of O-3 and NO2 is observed. The aPN and O-3 productions have been calculated using the rate constants of the first- and second-order reactions of volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation. The aPN and O-3 productions have also been quantified by 0-D model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism. Both methods show that in fire plumes the average production of aPNs and O-3 are greater than in the background plumes, but the increase of aPN production is more pronounced than the O-3 production. The average aPN production in fire plumes is from 7 to 12 times greater than in the background, whereas the average O-3 production in fire plumes is from 2 to 5 times greater than in the background. These results suggest that, at least for boreal forest fires and for the measurements recorded during the BORTAS campaign, fire emissions impact both the oxidized NOy and O-3,O- but (1 aPN production is amplified significantly more than O-3 production and (2) in the forest fire plumes the ratio between the O-3 production and the aPN production is lower than the ratio evaluated in the background air masses, thus confirming that the role played by the aPNs produced during biomass burning is significant in the O-3 budget. The implication of these observations is that fire emissions in some cases, for example boreal forest fires and in the conditions reported here, may influence more long-lived precursors of O-3 than short-lived pollutants, which in turn can be transported and eventually diluted in a wide area. C1 [Busilacchio, Marcella; Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Salisburgo, Cesare Dari] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Di Carlo, Piero; Aruffo, Eleonora; Biancofiore, Fabio; Giammaria, Franco] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Lee, James; Moller, Sarah; Hopkins, James; Punjabi, Shalini; Andrews, Stephen; Lewis, Alistair C.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Parrington, Mark; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hyer, Edward] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Parrington, Mark] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. RP Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.; Di Carlo, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. EM piero.dicarlo@aquila.infn.it RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Di Carlo, Piero/Q-4450-2016 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Di Carlo, Piero/0000-0003-4971-4509 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F017391/1]; NERC FX The BORTAS project was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant number NE/F017391/1. Mark Parrington was supported by the NERC grant. Paul I. Palmer acknowledges support from his Philip Leverhulme Prize. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3485 EP 3497 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3485-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000044 ER PT S AU Basilico, N Chung, TH Carpin, S AF Basilico, Nicola Chung, Timothy H. Carpin, Stefano BE Chong, NY Cho, YJ TI Distributed Online Patrolling with Multi-agent Teams of Sentinels and Searchers SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS) CY NOV 02-05, 2015 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA DE Surveillance; Variable resolution search; Cooperative robots AB We consider the problem of patrolling an assigned area using a team of heterogeneous robots consisting of sentinels and searchers in the presence of stochastic arrivals of attacks. Sentinels and searchers operate using a different sensor model featuring a tradeoff between accuracy and the sensed area. Using an approach based on queuing theory, we derive an accurate analytic characterization of the patrolling performance that can be used to predict the behavior of a given configuration or inform the composition of a team in order to meet a desired target performance. Extensive simulation results corroborate our theoretical findings. C1 [Basilico, Nicola] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Carpin, Stefano] Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA. RP Carpin, S (reprint author), Univ Calif, Merced, CA USA. EM nicola.basilico@unimi.it; thchung@nps.edu; scarpin@ucmerced.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER JAPAN PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG E, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1610-7438 BN 978-4-431-55879-8; 978-4-431-55877-4 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2016 VL 112 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-55879-8_1 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE7UJ UT WOS:000375913700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Yin, P Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Jiaheng Yin, Ping Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI N-functionalized nitroxy/azido fused-ring azoles as high-performance energetic materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GOOD OXYGEN BALANCE; NITRATE ESTER; HIGH-DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; HETEROCYCLE; OXIDIZERS; SALTS; GIAO AB A series of fused ring-based nitrate esters/azides and a coupled-ring-based nitrate ester were prepared using a simple and efficient nitrogen-functionalization approach. All new energetic compounds were fully characterized. Structures of four (1-4) were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. These nitrate esters have good thermal stabilities and high densities. Energetic performance was evaluated by using EXPLO5 v6.01 based on measured densities and calculated heats of formation (Gaussian 03 (Revision D. 01)). The results show that some of the representative fused ring-based nitrate esters exhibit good detonation properties, for example, 1 (vD, 8674 m s(-1); P, 33.1 Gpa) and 2 (vD, 8669 m s(-1); P, 33.4 Gpa), that approach those of current high explosive benchmarks, such as 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Sensitivity data based on impact and friction tests show these compounds have better stabilities than the traditional nitrate ester explosive, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). C1 [Zhang, Jiaheng; Yin, Ping; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014; OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225; Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 19 BP 7430 EP 7436 DI 10.1039/c6ta02384c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DM0LF UT WOS:000376035300042 ER PT S AU Roberson, CW AF Roberson, C. W. BE Tajima, T Binderbauer, M TI Traveling with Norman From 1973 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMA-DRIVEN ACCELERATORS AND ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN FUSION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Norman Rostokar Memorial Symposium CY AUG 24-25, 2015 CL Newport Beach, CA C1 [Roberson, C. W.] Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Roberson, CW (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1368-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1721 AR 040003 DI 10.1063/1.4944022 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE7UO UT WOS:000375925100012 ER PT J AU Kozdon, JE Wilcox, LC AF Kozdon, Jeremy E. Wilcox, Lucas C. TI STABLE COUPLING OF NONCONFORMING, HIGH-ORDER FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE summation-by-parts; weak enforcement; high-order finite difference methods; coupling; stability; accuracy; projection operator; variational form; interface ID PARTS OPERATORS; SUMMATION; APPROXIMATIONS; STABILITY AB A methodology for handling block-to-block coupling of nonconforming, multiblock summation-by-parts finite difference methods is proposed. The coupling is based on the construction of projection operators that move a finite difference grid solution along an interface to a space of piecewise defined functions; we specifically consider discontinuous, piecewise polynomial functions. The constructed projection operators are compatible with the underlying summation-by-parts energy norm. Using the linear wave equation in two dimensions as a model problem, energy stability of the coupled numerical method is proven for the case of curved, nonconforming block-to-block interfaces. To further demonstrate the power of the coupling procedure, we show how it allows for the development of a provably energy stable coupling between curvilinear finite difference methods and a curved-triangle discontinuous Galerkin method. The theoretical results are verified through numerical simulations on curved meshes as well as eigenvalue analysis. C1 [Kozdon, Jeremy E.; Wilcox, Lucas C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kozdon, JE; Wilcox, LC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jekozdon@nps.edu; lwilcox@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 2 BP A923 EP A952 DI 10.1137/15M1022823 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA DL2SF UT WOS:000375484800014 ER PT J AU Rubin, JI Reid, JS Hansen, JA Anderson, JL Collins, N Hoar, TJ Hogan, T Lynch, P McLay, J Reynolds, CA Sessions, WR Westphal, DL Zhang, JL AF Rubin, Juli I. Reid, Jeffrey S. Hansen, James A. Anderson, Jeffrey L. Collins, Nancy Hoar, Timothy J. Hogan, Timothy Lynch, Peng McLay, Justin Reynolds, Carolyn A. Sessions, Walter R. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong TI Development of the Ensemble Navy Aerosol Analysis Prediction System (ENAAPS) and its application of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) in support of aerosol forecasting SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; KALMAN FILTER; OPTICAL DEPTH; TRANSPORT MODEL; OBSERVATION ERRORS; UNITED-STATES; DUST AEROSOLS; GOCART MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; MODIS AB An ensemble-based forecast and data assimilation system has been developed for use in Navy aerosol forecasting. The system makes use of an ensemble of the Navy Aerosol Analysis Prediction System (ENAAPS) at 1 x 1A degrees, combined with an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter from NCAR's Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The base ENAAPS-DART system discussed in this work utilizes the Navy Operational Global Analysis Prediction System (NOGAPS) meteorological ensemble to drive offline NAAPS simulations coupled with the DART ensemble Kalman filter architecture to assimilate bias-corrected MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrievals. This work outlines the optimization of the 20-member ensemble system, including consideration of meteorology and source-perturbed ensemble members as well as covariance inflation. Additional tests with 80 meteorological and source members were also performed. An important finding of this work is that an adaptive covariance inflation method, which has not been previously tested for aerosol applications, was found to perform better than a temporally and spatially constant covariance inflation. Problems were identified with the constant inflation in regions with limited observational coverage. The second major finding of this work is that combined meteorology and aerosol source ensembles are superior to either in isolation and that both are necessary to produce a robust system with sufficient spread in the ensemble members as well as realistic correlation fields for spreading observational information. The inclusion of aerosol source ensembles improves correlation fields for large aerosol source regions, such as smoke and dust in Africa, by statistically separating freshly emitted from transported aerosol species. However, the source ensembles have limited efficacy during long-range transport. Conversely, the meteorological ensemble generates sufficient spread at the synoptic scale to enable observational impact through the ensemble data assimilation. The optimized ensemble system was compared to the Navy's current operational aerosol forecasting system, which makes use of NAVDAS-AOD (NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System for aerosol optical depth), a 2-D variational data assimilation system. Overall, the two systems had statistically insignificant differences in root-mean-squared error (RMSE), bias, and correlation relative to AERONET-observed AOT. However, the ensemble system is able to better capture sharp gradients in aerosol features compared to the 2DVar system, which has a tendency to smooth out aerosol events. Such skill is not easily observable in bulk metrics. Further, the ENAAPS-DART system will allow for new avenues of model development, such as more efficient lidar and surface station assimilation as well as adaptive source functions. At this early stage of development, the parity with the current variational system is encouraging. C1 [Rubin, Juli I.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Rubin, Juli I.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Hansen, James A.; Hoar, Timothy J.; McLay, Justin; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Westphal, Douglas L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Collins, Nancy; Hoar, Timothy J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lynch, Peng; Sessions, Walter R.] CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Rubin, JI (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA.; Rubin, JI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.; Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. EM juli.rubin.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU National Research Council; Office of Naval Research Code [322]; National Science Foundation FX This work was conducted as part of a postdoctoral research fellowship from the National Research Council and funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 322. The authors would like to thank the MODIS aerosol team and all of the investigators that participate in the Aerosol Robotic NETwork and make the network of data available. DART is developed and maintained at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We would also like to thank several others for helpful discussion and support, including Edward Hyer of NRL for the use of his AERONET verification code, Cindy Curtis of NRL and Greg Ramos of IMRI, Inc. for their software engineering support of the group's modeling and remote sensing architecture, and Arthur Mizzi of NCAR for a helpful discussion on ensemble data assimilation. Additionally, we would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3927 EP 3951 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300013 ER PT J AU Ahmed, SN Donovan, TE Rau, CT AF Ahmed, Sumitha N. Donovan, Terry E. Rau, Clayton T. TI Accurate Elastomeric Impressions: The Importance of Effective Soft Tissue Management SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Review C1 [Ahmed, Sumitha N.] UNC Sch Dent Chapel Hill, Dept Operat Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Donovan, Terry E.] UNC Sch Dent Chapel Hill, Dept Operat Dent, Biomat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Rau, Clayton T.] United States Navy, Jacksonville, NC USA. RP Ahmed, SN (reprint author), UNC Sch Dent Chapel Hill, Dept Operat Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM Sumitha_Ahmed@unc.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1496-4155 EI 1708-8240 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1111/jerd.12191 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA DJ8YX UT WOS:000374501600001 PM 26729222 ER PT J AU Joseph, AR Horton, JL Clouser, MC MacGregor, AJ Louie, M Galarneau, MR AF Joseph, Antony R. Horton, Jaime L. Clouser, Mary C. MacGregor, Andrew J. Louie, Michelle Galarneau, Michael R. TI Development of a comprehensive Blast-Related Auditory Injury Database (BRAID) SO JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE blast exposure; blast injury; Blast-Related Auditory; Injury Database; BRAID; hearing conservation; hearing; loss; noise exposure; noise-induced hearing loss; occupational; hearing loss; service members ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; COMBAT TRAUMA REGISTRY; HEARING-LOSS; MILITARY PERSONNEL; EAR; PREVALENCE; NOISE; CONSEQUENCES; EXPERIENCE; EXPLOSION AB The Department of Defense Hearing Conservation Program provides specific guidance for service components to prevent occupational hearing loss; however, it does not specifically contend with the unique noise exposures observed in the theater of war, such as blasts and explosions. In order to examine the effects of blast injury on hearing sensitivity, we developed a large database composed of demographic, audiometric, point of injury, and medical outcome data, with the primary aim of developing a long-standing and integrated capability for the surveillance, assessment, and investigation of blast -related hearing outcomes. Methods used to develop the dataset are described. Encompassing more than 16,500 Navy and Marine Corps personnel, the Blast -Related Auditory Injury Database (BRAID) includes individuals with a blast -related injury and nonblast control subjects. Using baseline and postdeployment hearing threshold data, a retrospective analysis of the cohort revealed that the rate of hearing loss for the injured service members was 39%. The BRAID will be useful for studies that assess hearing patterns following deployment -related injury, such as blast exposures, that facilitate exploration of health outcomes and whether they are predictive of audiometric disposition and that help establish hearing loss prevention strategies and program policies for affected military commands and servicemembers. C1 [Joseph, Antony R.] Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit Five, San Diego, CA USA. [Horton, Jaime L.; Clouser, Mary C.; MacGregor, Andrew J.; Louie, Michelle; Galarneau, Michael R.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Joseph, AR (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders, Campus Box 4720, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM arjoseph@ilstu.edu FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program [60808] FX This material was based on work supported by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program (work unit 60808). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOURNAL REHAB RES & DEV PI BALTIMORE PA DEPT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS REHABIL RES & DEVELOP CTR 103 SOUTH GAY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-4051 USA SN 0748-7711 EI 1938-1352 J9 J REHABIL RES DEV JI J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1682/JRRD.2015.02.0031 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA DL6EF UT WOS:000375731700001 PM 27273241 ER PT J AU Tadjer, MJ Feigelson, BN Greenlee, JD Freitas, JA Anderson, TJ Hite, JK Ruppalt, L Eddy, CR Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Tadjer, Marko J. Feigelson, Boris N. Greenlee, Jordan D. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Anderson, Travis J. Hite, Jennifer K. Ruppalt, Laura Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Fritz J. TI Selective p-type Doping of GaN:Si by Mg Ion Implantation and Multicycle Rapid Thermal Annealing SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPED GAN; ACTIVATION; DEFECTS AB Selective p-type doping of Si-doped GaN by Mg ion implantation and multicycle rapid thermal annealing (MRTA) is demonstrated. Samples of GaN were capped by AlN and annealed in N-2 overpressure at temperatures up to 1330 degrees C. MRTA resulted in a lower resistivity films, compared to a conventionally-annealed reference sample. Mg acceptor activation for the MRTA annealed sample was calculated using a two-layer corrected Hall method to be about 1% at room temperature. Low temperature photoluminescence revealed donor-acceptor bound electron-hole pair recombination near 3.2 eV, indicating activation of Mg upon MRTA annealing. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Anderson, Travis J.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Ruppalt, Laura; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Hobart, Karl D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greenlee, Jordan D.; Kub, Fritz J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marko.tadjer@nrl.navy.mil FU American Society for Engineering Education; National Research Council; Office of Naval Research FX The authors are sincerely grateful to Dr. Jeffrey Baldwin and Dr. Bernard Mathis (NRL), Prof. Vanya Darakchieva (Linkoping Univ., Sweden), and Prof. Filip Tuomisto (Aalto Univ., Finland) for valuable technical assistance and insightful discussions. M.J.T. and J.D.G. acknowledge partial postdoctoral support from the American Society for Engineering Education and the National Research Council, respectively. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 2 BP P124 EP P127 DI 10.1149/2.0371602jss PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DK9OU UT WOS:000375261500004 ER PT J AU Milluzzo, J Leishman, JG AF Milluzzo, Joseph Leishman, J. Gordon TI Fluid Dynamics of the Helicoidal Wake Sheets Trailed from a Hovering Rotor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TIP VORTEX MEASUREMENTS; HELICOPTER ROTOR; VORTICES; STABILITY AB High-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) masurements were made to understand the behavior of the helicoidal wake sheets trailed by a rotor system, with and without blade twist. PIV measurements were made in hover at two representative blade loading coefficients. The wake sheets were initially laid down behind the span of the blades as small-scale, counterrotating vortical pairs of unequal strengths. This initial concentrated vorticity, however, quickly diffused into zones of concentrated turbulence, which progressively became a significant source of overall turbulence in the downstream rotor wake. Several types of fluid dynamics were documented inside the rotor wake, including interactions of the sheets with the tip vortices, which depended on both blade twist and rotor thrust. At earlier wake ages, a wave was seen to form on the wake sheets, although the growth of wave amplitude was limited as the sheets were stretched in the downstream wake. C1 [Milluzzo, Joseph; Leishman, J. Gordon] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Milluzzo, Joseph] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Leishman, J. Gordon] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP Milluzzo, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Milluzzo, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM milluzzo@usna.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 AR 012002 DI 10.4050/JAHS.61.012002 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DK3UE UT WOS:000374842100003 ER PT J AU Jagtiani, AV Miyazoe, H Chang, J Farmer, DB Engel, M Neumayer, D Han, SJ Engelmann, SU Boris, DR Hernandez, SC Lock, EH Walton, SG Joseph, EA AF Jagtiani, Ashish V. Miyazoe, Hiroyuki Chang, Josephine Farmer, Damon B. Engel, Michael Neumayer, Deborah Han, Shu-Jen Engelmann, Sebastian U. Boris, David R. Hernandez, Sandra C. Lock, Evgeniya H. Walton, Scott G. Joseph, Eric A. TI Initial evaluation and comparison of plasma damage to atomic layer carbon materials using conventional and low T-e plasma sources SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SMALL PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS; BEAM-GENERATED PLASMAS; ION-IMPLANTED MOSFETS; NANOTUBES; GRAPHENE; ELECTRONICS; GRAPHITE; CIRCUITS; DESIGN AB The ability to achieve atomic layer precision is the utmost goal in the implementation of atomic layer etch technology. Carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are single atomic layers of carbon with unique properties and, as such, represent the ultimate candidates to study the ability to process with atomic layer precision and assess impact of plasma damage to atomic layer materials. In this work, the authors use these materials to evaluate the atomic layer processing capabilities of electron beam generated plasmas. First, the authors evaluate damage to semiconducting CNTs when exposed to beam-generated plasmas and compare these results against the results using typical plasma used in semiconductor processing. The authors find that the beam generated plasma resulted in significantly lower current degradation in comparison to typical plasmas. Next, the authors evaluated the use of electron beam generated plasmas to process graphene-based devices by functionalizing graphene with fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen to facilitate atomic layer deposition (ALD). The authors found that all adsorbed species resulted in successful ALD with varying impact on the transconductance of the graphene. Furthermore, the authors compare the ability of both beam generated plasma as well as a conventional low ion energy inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to remove silicon nitride (SiN) deposited on top of the graphene films. Our results indicate that, while both systems can remove SiN, an increase in the D/G ratio from 0.08 for unprocessed graphene to 0.22 to 0.26 for the beam generated plasma, while the ICP yielded values from 0.52 to 1.78. Generally, while some plasma-induced damage was seen for both plasma sources, a much wider process window as well as far less damage to CNTs and graphene was observed when using electron beam generated plasmas. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Jagtiani, Ashish V.; Miyazoe, Hiroyuki; Chang, Josephine; Farmer, Damon B.; Engel, Michael; Neumayer, Deborah; Han, Shu-Jen; Engelmann, Sebastian U.; Joseph, Eric A.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Boris, David R.; Hernandez, Sandra C.; Walton, Scott G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lock, Evgeniya H.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engelmann, SU (reprint author), IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM suengelm@us.ibm.com FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX Special thanks go to J. M. Papalia, R. L. Bruce, G. Tulevski, A. Bol, Y. Zhang, and N. Fuller. Parts of the results shown have been produced in the Microelectronics Research Laboratory (MRL) at the T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. The authors would also like to thank the MRL staff and MRL management for support of this work. This work was partially supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 AR 01B103 DI 10.1116/1.4936622 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DK7OO UT WOS:000375115800056 ER PT J AU Samanta, A Medintz, IL AF Samanta, Anirban Medintz, Igor L. TI Nanoparticles and DNA - a powerful and growing functional combination in bionanotechnology SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENT GOLD NANOCLUSTERS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SIZE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; PEPTIDE NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEM AB Functionally integrating DNA and other nucleic acids with nanoparticles in all their different physicochemical forms has produced a rich variety of composite nanomaterials which, in many cases, display unique or augmented properties due to the synergistic activity of both components. These capabilities, in turn, are attracting greater attention from various research communities in search of new nanoscale tools for diverse applications that include (bio)sensing, labeling, targeted imaging, cellular delivery, diagnostics, therapeutics, theranostics, bioelectronics, and biocomputing to name just a few amongst many others. Here, we review this vibrant and growing research area from the perspective of the materials themselves and their unique capabilities. Inorganic nanocrystals such as quantum dots or those made from gold or other (noble) metals along with metal oxides and carbon allotropes are desired as participants in these hybrid materials since they can provide distinctive optical, physical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. Beyond this, synthetic polymer-based and proteinaceous or viral nanoparticulate materials are also useful in the same role since they can provide a predefined and biocompatible cargo-carrying and targeting capability. The DNA component typically provides sequence-based addressability for probes along with, more recently, unique architectural properties that directly originate from the burgeoning structural DNA field. Additionally, DNA aptamers can also provide specific recognition capabilities against many diverse non-nucleic acid targets across a range of size scales from ions to full protein and cells. In addition to appending DNA to inorganic or polymeric nanoparticles, purely DNA-based nanoparticles have recently surfaced as an excellent assembly platform and have started finding application in areas like sensing, imaging and immunotherapy. We focus on selected and representative nanoparticle-DNA materials and highlight their myriad applications using examples from the literature. Overall, it is clear that this unique functional combination of nanomaterials has far more to offer than what we have seen to date and as new capabilities for each of these materials are developed, so, too, will new applications emerge. C1 [Samanta, Anirban; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Samanta, Anirban] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil NR 580 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 57 U2 120 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 17 BP 9037 EP 9095 DI 10.1039/c5nr08465b PG 59 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DK9XS UT WOS:000375285800001 PM 27080924 ER PT J AU Bicket, MC Hurley, RW Moon, JY Brummett, CM Hanling, S Huntoon, MA van Zundert, J Cohen, SP AF Bicket, Mark C. Hurley, Robert W. Moon, Jee Youn Brummett, Chad M. Hanling, Steve Huntoon, Marc A. van Zundert, Jan Cohen, Steven P. TI The Development and Validation of a Quality Assessment and Rating of Technique for Injections of the Spine (AQUARIUS) SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LUMBAR RADICULAR PAIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; PERIRADICULAR INFILTRATION; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DISC HERNIATION; NECK PAIN AB Background and Objectives: Systematic reviews evaluate the utility of procedural interventions of the spine, including epidural steroid injections (ESIs). However, existing quality assessment tools either fail to account for proper technical quality and patient selection or are not validated. We developed and validated a simple scale for ESIs to provide a quality assessment and rating of technique for injections of the spine (AQUARIUS). Methods: Seven experts generated items iteratively based on prior ESI technique studies and professional judgment. Following testing for face and content validity, a 17-item instrument was used by 8 raters from 2 different backgrounds to assess 12 randomized controlled trials, selected from 3 different categories. Using frequency of assessment, a 12-item instrument was also generated. Both instruments underwent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), validity (ability to distinguish "low," "random," and "high" study categories), and diagnostic accuracy (receiver operating characteristics) testing. Results: Both 17- and 12-item instruments were scored consistently by raters regardless of background, with overall intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.89) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51-0.89), respectively. Both instruments discriminated between clinical trials from all 3 categories. Diagnostic accuracy was similar for the 2 instruments, with areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.96) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.97), respectively. Conclusions: The instrument in both 17- and 12-item formats demonstrates good reliability and diagnostic accuracy in rating ESI studies. As a complement to other tools that assess bias, the instrument may improve the ability to evaluate evidence for systematic reviews and improve clinical trial design. C1 [Bicket, Mark C.; Cohen, Steven P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Hurley, Robert W.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Anesthesiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Moon, Jee Youn] Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seoul 110744, South Korea. [Brummett, Chad M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Anesthesiol, Sch Med, Div Pain Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hanling, Steve] Naval Med Center San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, Pain Med Div, San Diego, CA USA. [Huntoon, Marc A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [van Zundert, Jan] Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Dept Anaesthesiol, Genk, Belgium. [van Zundert, Jan] Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Ctr Multidisciplinary Pain, Genk, Belgium. RP Bicket, MC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM bicket@jhmi.edu OI Brummett, Chad/0000-0003-0974-7242 FU Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD FX This study was funded in part by the Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD. Otherwise, funds for this study were not provided directly by any entity. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1098-7339 EI 1532-8651 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000337 PG 6 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA DK9EP UT WOS:000375233900013 PM 26655218 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Nita, R Martin, B Moore, MH Fontana, J Talebzadeh, S Knight, DA AF Trammell, Scott A. Nita, Rafaela Martin, Brett Moore, Martin H. Fontana, Jake Talebzadeh, Somayeh Knight, D. Andrew TI Photo-enhanced hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate using Cu(II) bipyridine-capped plasmonic nanoparticles SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID COPPER-COMPLEXES; RESONANCE; DNA; PHOTOCATALYSIS AB We show that the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate by a Cu(II) bipyridine complex was enhanced by 1000-fold when covalently attached to 10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and irradiated with a 120 mW green laser at 532 nm when compared to an unsupported vinyl-substituted Cu bipyridine analog. The catalytic reaction was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy in 20 mM MOPS buffer at pH 8 and at room temperature by observing the growth of the product, 4-nitrophenolate, at 405 nm. Initial rate data was analyzed using a Michaelis-Menten formalism. Control experiments suggested that the photo-enhanced hydrolysis reaction required that the Cu metal center be attached to the AuNPs via a thiolated bpy ligand. At higher laser power, the initial rate data deviated from the Michaelis-Menten formalism. Possible mechanisms are discussed. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Martin, Brett; Moore, Martin H.; Fontana, Jake] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nita, Rafaela; Talebzadeh, Somayeh; Knight, D. Andrew] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 West Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 West Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM aknight@.t.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [HDTRA1516012] FX This work received support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR #HDTRA1516012). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 47 BP 41618 EP 41621 DI 10.1039/c6ra07119h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DK9SC UT WOS:000375270600121 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Hsia, RY AF Shen, Yu-Chu Hsia, Renee Y. TI Do patients hospitalised in high-minority hospitals experience more diversion and poorer outcomes? A retrospective multivariate analysis of Medicare patients in California SO BMJ OPEN LA English DT Article DE ambulance diversion; treatment; health outcomes; racial disparities ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AMBULANCE DIVERSION; RACIAL DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; RACE; TIME; CARE AB Objective We investigated the association between crowding as measured by ambulance diversion and differences in access, treatment and outcomes between black and white patients. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting We linked daily ambulance diversion logs from 26 California counties between 2001 and 2011 to Medicare patient records with acute myocardial infarction and categorised patients according to hours in diversion status for their nearest emergency departments on their day of admission: 0, <6, 6 to <12 and 12h. We compared the amount of diversion time between hospitals serving high volume of black patients and other hospitals. We then use multivariate models to analyse changes in outcomes when patients faced different levels of diversion, and compared that change between black and white patients. Participants 29939 Medicare patients from 26 California counties between 2001 and 2011. Main outcome measures (1) Access to hospitals with cardiac technology; (2) treatment received; and (3) health outcomes (30-day, 90-day, and 1-year death and 30-day readmission). Results Hospitals serving high volume of black patients spent more hours in diversion status compared with other hospitals. Patients faced with the highest level of diversion had the lowest probability of being admitted to hospitals with cardiac technology compared with those facing no diversion, by 4.4% for cardiac care intensive unit, and 3.4% for catheterisation laboratory and coronary artery bypass graft facilities. Patients experiencing increased diversion also had a 4.3% decreased likelihood of receiving catheterisation and 9.6% higher 1-year mortality. Conclusions Hospitals serving high volume of black patients are more likely to be on diversion, and diversion is associated with poorer access to cardiac technology, lower probability of receiving revascularisation and worse long-term mortality outcomes. C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hsia, Renee Y.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Philip R Lee Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA.; Shen, YC (reprint author), Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu FU NIH/NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) [1R01HL114822] FX This work was supported by the NIH/NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Grant Number 1R01HL114822 (YS/RYH). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 2044-6055 J9 BMJ OPEN JI BMJ Open PY 2016 VL 6 IS 3 AR e010263 DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010263 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DJ2RH UT WOS:000374052300089 PM 26988352 ER PT J AU Raeker, BO Rudolph, SM AF Raeker, Brian O. Rudolph, Scott M. TI Arbitrary Transformation of Antenna Radiation Using a Cylindrical Impedance Metasurface SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antenna radiation pattern; electromagnetic metamaterials; near field; surface impedance ID PLATES AB In this letter, we show that a cylindrical, single-layer impedance metasurface enclosing a radiating source is capable of reshaping the electromagnetic field pattern at a predetermined radius outside of the metasurface. We first present the design procedure of a cylindrical impedance metasurface and then proceed to an example demonstrating the achievable pattern accuracy. Simulation results validate the design methodology and show that complete amplitude control can be achieved in the azimuthal direction for a vertically polarized source. C1 [Raeker, Brian O.; Rudolph, Scott M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raeker, BO; Rudolph, SM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.raeker@nrl.navy.mil; scott.rudolph@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2016 VL 15 BP 1101 EP 1104 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2494739 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DJ4FT UT WOS:000374161500006 ER PT B AU Pollman, AG Gannon, AJ AF Pollman, Anthony G. Gannon, Anthony J. GP ASME TI MULTI-PHYSICS ENERGY APPROACH & DEMONSTRATION FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A methodology to investigate the generation, transport and storage of energy based on a multi-physics approach, tied to the end use application, is presented. Often little or no consideration is given to the end use or desired product of the energy used. Current energy generation, transport and storage are dominated heavily by a few large sectors, notably electricity and hydrocarbons. These are very effective and practical systems that facilitate the delivery of vast amounts of energy. It is then not surprising that most strategies for renewable energy generation and storage revolve around this centralized model in some way. In larger scale generation, power is usually fed onto the electrical grid with a current challenge being grid stabilization with increasing penetration of intermittent renewable resources. In small grid-independent system a mix of battery and hydrocarbon storage are often used to keep a micro grid available for various end use applications. A paradigm shift in the thinking and design of energy systems based on the required end use or product is needed. The philosophy and motivation that lead to the consideration of this new approach are outlined in this article. Following this a summary of a methodical approach to developing the most energy and cost-effective solution to general processes by considering their end-use physics is presented. Examples of innovative energy generation, storage, and transport solutions based on the multi-physics approach are then outlined. Finally, a brief description of the Multi-physics Renewable Energy Lab (MPREL), a demonstration facility based on the approach and currently under construction at the Naval Postgraduate School, is given. C1 [Pollman, Anthony G.; Gannon, Anthony J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pollman, AG (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5684-0 PY 2016 AR V001T03A001 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BE6KS UT WOS:000374279400013 ER PT J AU Markwald, RR Bessman, SC Reini, SA Drummond, SPA AF Markwald, Rachel R. Bessman, Sara C. Reini, Seth A. Drummond, Sean P. A. TI Performance of a Portable Sleep Monitoring Device in Individuals with High Versus Low Sleep Efficiency SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE automated analyses; mobile sleep assessment; sleep monitoring; sleep staging ID AUTOMATED WIRELESS SYSTEM; DRY HEADBAND TECHNOLOGY; HEALTHY-ADULTS; VALIDATION; ACTIGRAPHY; AGREEMENT; INSOMNIA; KAPPA AB Study Objectives: Portable and automated sleep monitoring technology is becoming widely available to consumers, and one wireless system (WS) has recently surfaced as a research tool for sleep and sleep staging assessment outside the hospital/laboratory; however, previous research findings indicate low sensitivity for wakefulness detection. Because difficulty discriminating between wake and sleep is likely to affect staging performance, we sought to further evaluate the WS by comparing it to the gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy (ACT) for overall sleep/wakefulness detection and sleep staging, within high and low sleep efficiency sleepers. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy adults (eight females) underwent concurrent WS, PSG, and ACT assessment in an overnight laboratory study. Epoch-byepoch agreement was determined by comparing sleep/wakefulness decisions between the WS to both PSG and ACT, and for detection of light, deep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages between the WS and PSG. Results: Sensitivity for wakefulness was low (40%), and an overestimation of total sleep time and underestimation of wake after sleep onset was observed. Prevalence and bias adjusted kappa statistic indicated moderate-to-high agreement between the WS and PSG for sleep staging. However, upon further inspection, WS performance varied by sleep efficiency, with the best performance during high sleep efficiency. Conclusions: The benefit of the WS as a sleep monitoring device over ACT is the ability to assess sleep stages, and our findings suggest this benefit is only realized within high sleep efficiency. Care should be taken to collect data under conditions where this is expected. C1 [Markwald, Rachel R.; Bessman, Sara C.; Reini, Seth A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92147 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Markwald, RR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92147 USA. EM rachel.r.markwald.civ@mail.mil FU VA San Diego Healthcare System Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health; Defense Medical Research and Development Program FX The authors thank the VA San Diego Healthcare System Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health and the Defense Medical Research and Development Program for funding this study and Marc Taylor for careful review of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 1550-9389 EI 1550-9397 J9 J CLIN SLEEP MED JI J. Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 AR PII jc-00051-15 DI 10.5664/jcsm.5404 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA DJ3VW UT WOS:000374135800014 PM 26285110 ER PT J AU Policastro, SA Hangarter, CM Horton, DJ Wollmershauser, JA Roeper, DF AF Policastro, Steven A. Hangarter, Carlos M. Horton, Derek J. Wollmershauser, James A. Roeper, Doanld F. TI Effect of Low-Concentration Alloying in Titanium on Reduction Reaction Kinetics in Alkaline Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODULATED PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANT-PHASE-ELEMENT; GALVANIC TEST PANELS; ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION; ELECTRODES; EVOLUTION; FILM; POLARIZATION; CAPACITANCE; MECHANISM AB The electrochemical behavior of oxides of three Ti-based binary alloys, Ti99Co1, Ti99Sn1, and Ti99Cr1, are investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analysis and cyclic voltammetry. It is found that native amorphous TiO2 can be doped in order to change the oxide's electronic properties and thereby reduce oxygen reduction rates in an alkaline solution, with the greatest reduction seen for the Ti99Sn1 alloy. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Policastro, Steven A.; Horton, Derek J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hangarter, Carlos M.; Roeper, Doanld F.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Wollmershauser, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Policastro, SA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.policastro@nrl.navy.mil RI Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016 OI Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903 FU Office of Naval Research, ONR [N0001415WX00948] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, ONR, under grant/contract number N0001415WX00948; the views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Office of Naval Research, the U.S. Navy or the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 6 BP C269 EP C274 DI 10.1149/2.0431606jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DJ1SY UT WOS:000373985300076 ER PT J AU Matsumae, T Koehler, AD Suga, T Hobart, KD AF Matsumae, Takashi Koehler, Andrew D. Suga, Tadatomo Hobart, Karl D. TI A Scalable Clean Graphene Transfer Process Using Polymethylglutarimide as a Support Scaffold SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LAYER GRAPHENE; LARGE-AREA; FILMS; GROWTH; SIZE AB Extrinsic scattering related to polymer residue limits the performance of chemical vapor deposited graphene films when transferred to insulating substrates. A clean graphene transfer process has been achieved by employing a support scaffold composed of a polymethylglutarimide (PMGI)-based resist. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations confirmed that the amount of residue on large-area transferred graphene was sufficiently reduced by using PMGI scaffolds in comparison to the traditional technique that uses polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) scaffolds. The root mean square (RMS) roughness values of graphene surfaces using PMMA and PMGI scaffolds were 6.5 nm and 4.0 nm, respectively. This comparison confirms that a cleaner graphene surface was achieved by using PMGI as a support scaffold. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy suggests that the quality of the transferred graphene was equivalent to that obtained by the traditional method. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Matsumae, Takashi; Suga, Tadatomo] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matsumae, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM matsumae.takashi@su.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Suga, Tadatomo/F-9925-2010 OI Suga, Tadatomo/0000-0002-1029-0326 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 6 BP E159 EP E161 DI 10.1149/2.0711606jes PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DJ1SY UT WOS:000373985300066 ER PT J AU Davidson, I Scianni, C Hewitt, C Everett, R Holm, E Tamburri, M Ruiz, G AF Davidson, Ian Scianni, Christopher Hewitt, Chad Everett, Richard Holm, Eric Tamburri, Mario Ruiz, Gregory TI Mini-review: Assessing the drivers of ship biofouling management - aligning industry and biosecurity goals SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Review DE Ship biofouling; invasive species; vessel performance; biosecurity; hull surfaces; niche areas ID VESSEL SEA-CHESTS; MARINE BIOINVASIONS; INVASION HISTORY; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND; ORGANISMS; COATINGS; BARNACLES; VECTOR; IMPACT AB Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by marine species. These negative consequences provide a unifying purpose for the maritime industry and biosecurity managers to prevent biofouling accumulation and transfer, but important gaps exist between these sectors. This mini-review examines the approach to assessments of ship biofouling among sectors (industry, biosecurity and marine science) and the implications for existing and emerging management of biofouling. The primary distinctions between industry and biosecurity in assessment of vessels biofouling revolve around the resolution of biological information collected and the specific wetted surface areas of primary concern to each sector. The morphological characteristics of biofouling and their effects on propulsion dynamics are of primary concern to industry, with an almost exclusive focus on the vertical sides and flat bottom of hulls and an emphasis on antifouling and operational performance. In contrast, the identity, biogeography, and ecology of translocated organisms is of highest concern to invasion researchers and biosecurity managers and policymakers, especially as it relates to species with known histories of invasion elsewhere. Current management practices often provide adequate, although not complete, provision for hull surfaces, but niche areas are well known to enhance biosecurity risk. As regulations to prevent invasions emerge in this arena, there is a growing opportunity for industry, biosecurity and academic stakeholders to collaborate and harmonize efforts to assess and manage biofouling of ships that should lead to more comprehensive biofouling solutions that promote industry goals while reducing biosecurity risk and greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Davidson, Ian; Ruiz, Gregory] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Scianni, Christopher] Calif State Lands Commiss, Marine Invas Species Program, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hewitt, Chad] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Everett, Richard] US Coast Guard, Environm Stand Div, Washington, DC USA. [Holm, Eric] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. [Tamburri, Mario] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Davidson, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM davidsoni@si.edu OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Davidson, Ian/0000-0002-8729-6048 FU Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC); US Maritime Administration (MARAD); California State Lands Commission (SLC) FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC), the US Maritime Administration (MARAD), and the California State Lands Commission (SLC). NR 96 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 411 EP 428 DI 10.1080/08927014.2016.1149572 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI2GH UT WOS:000373313200006 PM 26930397 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI The Media and Representative Government The Necessary Evil? SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 1 EP 34 PG 34 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300001 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI The Love/Hate Relationship The Media Approach Congress SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 35 EP 58 PG 24 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300002 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI The Congressional PR Machine Selling a Single Product SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 59 EP 79 PG 21 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300003 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Catch Me If You Can News Hooks and Nobodies SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 80 EP 100 PG 21 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300004 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI From Props to First Responders Congress and the State of the Union Message SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 101 EP 113 PG 13 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300005 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Mr. Chair and My Loyal Fans Celebrity Testimony on Capitol Hill SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 114 EP 123 PG 10 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300006 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Bombasters and Buffoons Making Congress an Easy Target SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 124 EP 133 PG 10 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300007 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Congress, the Houses of Ill Repute Cartoonists Take on the House and Senate SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 134 EP 150 PG 17 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300008 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Congress and Popular Culture Dissing Congress on a Grand Scale SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300009 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI C-SPAN A Window on Congress SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 160 EP 171 PG 12 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300010 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Congress and the New Media Challenges and Opportunities SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 172 EP 197 PG 26 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300011 ER PT B AU Frantzich, SE AF Frantzich, Stephen E. BA Frantzich, SE BF Frantzich, SE TI Congress and the Media The Continuing Odyssey SO CONGRESS, THE MEDIA, AND THE PUBLIC: WHO REVEALS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW? LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Frantzich, Stephen E.] US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-612-05425-4; 978-1-317-37847-1; 978-1-612-05424-7 PY 2016 BP 198 EP 207 PG 10 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BE4KI UT WOS:000371821300012 ER PT J AU Eroh, L Escuadro, H Gera, R Prahlow, S Schmitt, K AF Eroh, Linda Escuadro, Henry Gera, Ralucca Prahlow, Samuel Schmitt, Karl TI A graph theoretical analysis of the number of edges in k-dense graphs SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GRAPH THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE k-dense subnetworks (or k-dense subgraph); k-dense community; k-dense graph; k-core; k-core subnetwork AB Due to the increasing discovery and implementation of networks within all disciplines of life, the study of subgraph connectivity has become increasingly important. Motivated by the idea of community (or sub-graph) detection within a network/graph, we focused on finding characterizations of k-dense communities. For each edge uv is an element of E (G), the edge multiplicity of uv in G is given by m(G)(u v) = vertical bar N-G(u) boolean AND N-G(v)vertical bar. For an integer k with k >= 2, a k-dense community of a graph G, denoted by DCk(G), is a maximal connected subgraph of G induced by the vertex set V-DCk(G) = {v is an element of V(G) : there exists u is an element of V(G) such that uv is an element of E(G) and m(DCk(G)) (uv) >= k - 2}. In this research, we characterize which graphs are k-dense but not (k + 1)-dense for some values of k and study the minimum and maximum number of edges such graphs can have. A better understanding of k -dense sub-graphs (or communities) helps in the study of the connectivity of large complex graphs (or networks) in the real world. C1 [Eroh, Linda] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Escuadro, Henry] Juniata Coll, Dept Math, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Gera, Ralucca] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. [Prahlow, Samuel] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Schmitt, Karl] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. RP Eroh, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA.; Escuadro, H (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Math, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA.; Gera, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA.; Prahlow, S (reprint author), Valparaiso Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA.; Schmitt, K (reprint author), Valparaiso Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. EM eroh@uwosh.edu; escuadro@juniata.edu; rgera@nps.edu; samuel.prahlow@valpo.edu; karl.schmitt@valpo.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG PI BANDUNG PA JALAN GANESHA 10, BANDUNG, 40132, INDONESIA SN 2338-2287 J9 ELECTRON J GRAPH THE JI Electron. J. Graph Theory Appl. PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 26 EP 41 DI 10.5614/ejgta.2016.4.1.4 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DI9EE UT WOS:000373803700004 ER PT J AU Rubin, M AF Rubin, Michael TI The Temptation of Intelligence Politicization to Support Diplomacy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Rubin, Michael] Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Rubin, Michael] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Rubin, Michael] Off Secretary Def, Cambridge, England. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA.; Rubin, M (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.; Rubin, M (reprint author), Off Secretary Def, Cambridge, England. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0885-0607 EI 1521-0561 J9 INT J INTELL COUNTER JI Int. J. Intell. Counterintelligence PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1080/08850607.2015.1083309 PG 25 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DH1GZ UT WOS:000372533700001 ER PT J AU D'Souza, E Wing, V Zouris, J Vickers, R Lawnick, M Galarneau, M AF D'Souza, Edwin Wing, Vern Zouris, James Vickers, Ross Lawnick, Mary Galarneau, Michael TI Multi-Injury Casualty Stream Simulation in a Shipboard Combat Environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BATTLE CASUALTIES AB Accurate forecasts of casualty streams are essential for estimating personnel and materiel requirements for future naval combat engagements. The scarcity of recent naval combat data makes accurate forecasting difficult. Furthermore, current forecasts are based on single injuries only, even though empirical evidence indicates most battle casualties suffer multiple injuries. These anticipated single-injury casualty streams underestimate the needed medical resources. This article describes a method of simulating realistic multi-injury casualty streams in a maritime environment by combining available shipboard data with ground combat blast data. The simulations, based on the Military Combat Injury Scale, are expected to provide a better tool for medical logistics planning. C1 [D'Souza, Edwin; Wing, Vern; Zouris, James; Vickers, Ross; Galarneau, Michael] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Lawnick, Mary] SimQuest Solut Inc, 954 Melvin Rd, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP D'Souza, E (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Editing of this article was provided by Ms. Michelle LeWark and Ms. Carrie Brown of the Naval Health Research Center. Funding for this research was graciously provided by the Office of Naval Research. This work was performed as part of the Human Injury and Treatment Project, Work Unit No. 61001. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 181 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00002 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3MZ UT WOS:000373404100014 PM 26741479 ER PT J AU Cordero, A Torregrosa, JR Neta, B Lotfi, T AF Cordero, Alicia Torregrosa, Juan R. Neta, Beny Lotfi, Taher TI Real and Complex Dynamics of Iterative Methods SO DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cordero, Alicia; Torregrosa, Juan R.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Multidisciplinar, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lotfi, Taher] Islamic Azad Univ, Hamedan Branch, Dept Appl Math, Hamadan 65138, Iran. RP Cordero, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Multidisciplinar, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. EM acordero@mat.upv.es RI Cordero, Alicia/K-6700-2014 OI Cordero, Alicia/0000-0002-7462-9173 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1026-0226 EI 1607-887X J9 DISCRETE DYN NAT SOC JI Discrete Dyn. Nat. Soc. PY 2016 AR 4765286 DI 10.1155/2016/4765286 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8XS UT WOS:000373080800001 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Lepping, RP AF Wu, Chin-Chun Lepping, Ronald P. TI Relationships Among Geomagnetic Storms, Interplanetary Shocks, Magnetic Clouds, and Sunspot Number During 1995-2012 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic storms; Interplanetary shocks; Magnetic clouds; Solar activity; Solar cycle; Space weather ID SOLAR-WIND; 1 AU; INTENSITY; CMES AB During 1995-2012, the Wind spacecraft has recorded 168 magnetic clouds (MCs), 197 magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and 358 interplanetary (IP) shocks. Ninety-four MCs and 56 MCLs had upstream shock waves. The following features are found: i) The averages of the solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), duration (), the minimum of B-min, and intensity of the associated geomagnetic storm/activity (Dst(min)) for MCs with upstream shock waves (MCshock) are higher (or stronger) than those averages for the MCs without upstream shock waves (MCno-shock). ii) The average of MCshock events (approximate to 19.8 h) is 9% longer than that for MCno-shock events (approximate to 17.6 h). iii) For the MCshock events, the average duration of the sheath () is 12.1 h. These findings could be very useful for space weather predictions, i.e. IP shocks driven by MCs are expected to arrive at Wind (or at 1 AU) about 12 h ahead of the front of the MCs on average. iv) The occurrence frequency of IP shocks is well associated with sunspot number (SSN). The average intensity of geomagnetic storms measured by < Dst(min)> for MCshock and MCno-shock events is -102 and -31 nT, respectively. The average values < Dst(min)> are -78, -70, and -35 nT for the 358 IP shocks, 168 MCs, and 197 MCLs, respectively. These results imply that IP shocks, when they occur with MCs/MCLs, must play an important role in the strength of geomagnetic storms. We speculate about the reason for this. Yearly occurrence frequencies of MCshock and IP shocks are well correlated with solar activity (e.g., SSN). Choosing the correct Dst(min) estimating formula for predicting the intensity of MC-associated geomagnetic storms is crucial for space weather predictions. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lepping, Ronald P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Chin-Chun.Wu@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNX13AI75G] FX We are grateful to the Wind SWE and MFI teams, Kyoto University (Dst data), the World Data Center SILSO of the Royal Observatory of Belgium (sunspot number), NOAA/NGDC (which provided web access for sunspot number and Dst data sets), and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Interplanetary Shock Database (supported by NASA grant number NNX13AI75G) for the use of their data. Work of CCW is supported by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 291 IS 1 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0806-9 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH6CH UT WOS:000372878100015 ER PT J AU Gregg, HS AF Gregg, Heather Selma TI Three Theories of Religious Activism and Violence: Social Movements, Fundamentalists, and Apocalyptic Warriors SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE apocalypse; fundamentalism; religion; social movements; terrorism; violence ID MOBILIZATION; CONFLICT AB Numerous scholars have investigated religiously motivated violence, particularly in the wake of September 11, including discussions on the role of modernity in triggering religious violence, the increasing presence of religion in politics, the violence-prone nature of certain religions, and religion's correlation with ethnicity and other conflict-intensifying variables. However, religious activism and violence are not new phenomena. Few theories have been advanced that move across time and space and, broadly, seek to explain the conditions under which religion becomes involved in activism and violence. This article argues that three broad causal arguments for religious activismsocial movements, fundamentalism, and apocalyptic warriorshelp explain the conditions under which religiously motivated violence occurs across time and space. These three causal arguments offer a spectrum of goals within religious activism, ranging from challenging social practices and government policies, to defending specific interpretations and practices of the faith, to hastening the apocalypse. Furthermore, each of these theories proposes different ways that religion becomes involved in social, political, and religious activism and the conditions under which groups use violence to further their goals. The article concludes by suggesting countermeasures for each type of religious activism. C1 [Gregg, Heather Selma] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 210, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gregg, HS (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 210, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hsgregg@nps.edu NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 EI 1556-1836 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 BP 338 EP 360 DI 10.1080/09546553.2014.918879 PG 23 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA DH4YQ UT WOS:000372792200010 ER PT J AU Kiumarsi, B Kang, W Lewis, FL AF Kiumarsi, Bahare Kang, Wei Lewis, Frank L. TI H-infinity Control of Nonaffine Aerial Systems Using Off-policy Reinforcement SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Unmanned aerial vehicle; nonlinear nonaffine systems; off-policy reinforcement learning ID OPTIMAL TRACKING CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; EQUATION AB This paper presents a completely model-free H-infinity optimal tracking solution to the control of a general class of nonlinear nonaffine systems in the presence of the input constraints. The proposed method is motivated by nonaffine unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system as a real application. First, a general class of nonlinear nonaffine system dynamics is presented as an affine system in terms of a nonlinear function of the control input. It is shown that the optimal control of nonaffine systems may not have an admissible solution if the utility function is not defined properly. Moreover, the boundness of the optimal control input cannot be guaranteed for standard performance functions. A new performance function is defined and used in the L-2-gain condition for this class of nonaffine system. This performance function guarantees the existence of an admissible solution (if any exists) and boundness of the control input solution. An off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) is employed to iteratively solve the H-infinity optimal tracking control online using the measured data along the system trajectories. The proposed off-policy RL does not require any knowledge of the system dynamics. Moreover, the disturbance input does not need to be adjustable in a specific manner. C1 [Kiumarsi, Bahare; Lewis, Frank L.] Univ Texas Arlington, UTA Res Inst UTARI, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. [Kang, Wei] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kiumarsi, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, UTA Res Inst UTARI, Ft Worth, TX 76118 USA. EM Kiumarsi@uta.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCI PUBL CO INC PI HACKENSACK PA 27 WARREN ST, STE 401-402, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA SN 2301-3850 EI 2301-3869 J9 UNMANNED SYST JI Unmanned Syst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 SI SI BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1142/S2301385016400069 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA DH5CU UT WOS:000372803600007 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Kim, Y Bassim, N Raman, N Collins, GE AF Lu, Qin Kim, Youngchan Bassim, Nabil Raman, Nisha Collins, Greg E. TI Catalytic activity and thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase encapsulated in self-assembled organic nanotubes SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PROTEINS; CONFINEMENT; ADSORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DELIVERY; TUBULES; IMPACT AB Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was encapsulated in self-assembled lithocholic acid (LCA) based organic nanotubes and its catalytic activity before and after thermal treatment was measured for comparison with free HRP. The apparent k(cat) (k(cat)/K-m) for nanotube encapsulated HRP remained almost the same before and after thermal treatment, reporting an average value of 3.7 +/- 0.4 mu M-1 s(-1). The apparent kcat value for free HRP decreased from 14.8 +/- 1.3 mu M-1 s(-1) for samples stored at 4 degrees C to 2.4 +/- 0.1 mu M-1 s(-1) after thermal treatment for 8 h at 55 degrees C. The Michaelis-Menten constants, Km, determined for encapsulated HRP and free HRP were relatively unperturbed by storage conditions at 4 degrees C or thermally treated at 55 degrees C for varying time periods from 2-8 h, with encapsulated HRP having a slightly higher Km than free HRP (13.4 +/- 0.9 mu M versus 11.7 +/- 0.4 mu M). The amount of HRP encapsulated in LCA nanotubes increased dramatically when the mixture of HRP and LCA nanotubes was brought to an elevated temperature. Within 4 h of thermal treatment at 55 degrees C, the amount of HRP encapsulated by the LCA nanotubes was more than 4 times the amount of HRP encapsulated when equilibrated at 4 degrees C for 7 days. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the higher degree of exposure of hydrophobic residues in HRP at elevated temperatures enhances the hydrophobic interaction between HRP and the nanotube wall, resulting in the increased amount of HRP surface adsorption and, hence, the overall amount of encapsulation inside the nanotubes. C1 [Lu, Qin; Raman, Nisha; Collins, Greg E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Youngchan] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6394,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lu, Q (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qin.lu@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for funding this research. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2016 VL 141 IS 7 BP 2191 EP 2198 DI 10.1039/c5an02655e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DH3AB UT WOS:000372657900009 PM 26953357 ER PT J AU Fronabarger, JW Williams, MD Stern, AG Parrish, DA AF Fronabarger, John W. Williams, Michael D. Stern, Alfred G. Parrish, Damon A. TI MTX-1-A Potential Replacement for Tetrazene in Primers SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE MTX-1; tetrazene; sensitizer; primer ID LEAD-FREE REPLACEMENT; EXPLOSIVES; INITIATION; TETRACENE; AZIDE AB Tetrazene (1-amino-1(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-azo-guanidine hydrate) is widely used in ordnance systems as a sensitizer of primer mixes for use in both percussion and stab applications. It has low thermal and hydrolytic stability compared with other components of primer mixes and there currently exists the need for a replacement with enhanced stability characteristics. MTX-1 (1-[(2E)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) triaz-2-en-1-ylidene]methanediamine) meets these criteria and shows great promise as a tetrazene replacement. Preliminary testing of this material has confirmed that MTX-1 has safety and performance properties which are similar to tetrazene and has chemical characteristics, including thermal and hydrolytic stability, which exceed those of tetrazene. MTX-1 has been successfully evaluated against tetrazene in a variety of chemical/output tests, including comparative testing in the PVU-12 primer. C1 [Fronabarger, John W.; Williams, Michael D.] Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, 7073 W Willis Rd, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Stern, Alfred G.] NSWC, IHEODTD, Code TD5,4104 Evans Way, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, 7073 W Willis Rd, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM mwilliams@psemc.com FU ONR [N00014-09-M-0433, N00014-11-M-0045, N00014-13-AF-0-0002] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Prof. Tom Klapotke (Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich), Robert A. McCoy (PSEMC), William B. Sanborn (Raytheon), and Magdy Bichay (NSWC-IHEODTD) to this research effort. The authors also wish to acknowledge the support of Dr. Cliff Bedford and the ONR under contract awards N00014-09-M-0433, N00014-11-M-0045 and N00014-13-AF-0-0002. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PI WARSAW PA 6 ANNOPOL ST, WARSAW, 03-236, POLAND SN 1733-7178 J9 CENT EUR J ENERG MAT JI Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 33 EP 52 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DH3XG UT WOS:000372719500003 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make? SO INTELLIGENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wirtz, James J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM jwirtz@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0268-4527 EI 1743-9019 J9 INTELL NATL SECUR JI Intell. Natl. Secur. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 282 EP 283 DI 10.1080/02684527.2014.980536 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DH1HP UT WOS:000372535300009 ER PT J AU Roland, CM AF Roland, C. M. TI ELECTRICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-BLACK DISPERSION; NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; SECONDARY RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; BETA-RELAXATION; WILLIAMS-WATTS; CHAIN DYNAMICS AB This review describes electrical and dielectric measurements of rubbery polymers. The interest in the electrical, properties is primarily due to the strong effect of conductive fillers, the obvious example being carbon black. Conductivity measurements can be used to probe dispersion and the connectivity of filler particles, both of which exert a significant influence on the mechanical behavior. Dielectric relaxation spectra are used to study the dynamics, including the local segmental dynamics and secondary relaxations, and for certain polymers the global chain modes. A recent development in the application of nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy is briefly discussed. C1 [Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6105, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6105, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 EI 1943-4804 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 89 IS 1 BP 32 EP 53 DI 10.5254/rct.15.84827 PG 22 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DH0NO UT WOS:000372481100003 ER PT J AU Tang, YX He, CL Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Tang, Yongxing He, Chunlin Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI C-N bonded energetic biheterocyclic compounds with good detonation performance and high thermal stability SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SALTS; FUNCTIONALITIES; DERIVATIVES; DESIGN; NITRO AB New C-N bonded energetic biheterocyclic compounds were synthesized using cine substitution of 1,3dinitro-1,2,4-triazole with different energetic moieties. All the compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR and infrared spectra, and elemental analyses. The structures of 4, 7, 9, and 11 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. Their physicochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability and sensitivity towards impact and friction, were studied. All of the compounds have high thermal stability. The detonation properties were calculated with EXPLO5 V6.01 based on experimental densities and calculated heats of formation. C1 [Tang, Yongxing; He, Chunlin; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.; Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0536]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-12-1-0536) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034). The authors acknowledge Dr Orion Berryman (NSF-CHE1337908 and CoBRE NIGMS P20GM103546) for considerable assistance with crystal structuring. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3879 EP 3885 DI 10.1039/c5ta09803c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA DG3KB UT WOS:000371967000036 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HS Doan, N Shabani, S Baisden, J Wolfla, C Paskoff, G Shender, B Stemper, B AF Ha Son Nguyen Doan, Ninh Shabani, Saman Baisden, Jamie Wolfla, Christopher Paskoff, Glenn Shender, Barry Stemper, Brian TI Upright magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: Back pain and radiculopathy SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE LA English DT Article DE Foraminal stenosis; lumbar back pain; lumbar radiculopathy; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); upright MRI ID CONFIGURATION MR SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; FLEXION-EXTENSION; WEIGHT-BEARING; BODY POSITION; AXIAL LOAD; STENOSIS; MYELOGRAPHY; COMPRESSION; RECUMBENT AB Background: Lumbar back pain and radiculopathy are common diagnoses. Unfortunately, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical symptoms do not necessarily correlate in the lumbar spine. With upright imaging, disc pathologies or foraminal stenosis may become more salient, leading to improvements in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Seventeen adults (10 asymptomatic and 7 symptomatic volunteers) provided their informed consent and participated in the study. A 0.6T upright MRI scan was performed on each adult in the seated position. Parameters were obtained from the L2/3 level to the L5/S1 level including those pertaining to the foramen [cross-sectional area (CSA), height, mid-disc width, width, thickness of ligamentum flavum], disc (bulge, height, width), vertebral body (height and width), and alignment (lordosis angle, wedge angle, lumbosacral angle). Each parameter was compared based on the spinal level and volunteer group using two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used to assess the differences between individual spinal levels. Results: Mid-disc width accounted for 56% of maximum foramen width in symptomatic volunteers and over 63% in asymptomatic volunteers. Disc bulge was 48% greater in symptomatic volunteers compared to asymptomatic volunteers. CSA was generally smaller in symptomatic volunteers compared to asymptomatic volunteers, particularly at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 spinal levels. Thickness of ligamentum flavum (TLF) generally increased from the cranial to caudal spinal levels where the L4-L5 and L5-S1 spinal levels were significantly thicker than the L1-L2 spinal level. Conclusions: The data implied that upright MRI could be a useful diagnostic option, as it can delineate pertinent differences between symptomatic volunteers and asymptomatic volunteers, especially with respect to foraminal geometry. C1 [Ha Son Nguyen; Doan, Ninh; Shabani, Saman; Baisden, Jamie; Wolfla, Christopher; Stemper, Brian] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian] Clement J Zablocki VA Med Ctr, 5000 W Natl Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA. [Paskoff, Glenn; Shender, Barry] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Stemper, B (reprint author), Clement J Zablocki VA Med Ctr, 5000 W Natl Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA. EM stemps@mcw.edu OI Nguyen, Ha/0000-0002-3515-278X NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 0974-8237 EI 0976-9285 J9 J CRANIOVERTEBRAL JU JI J. Craniovertebral Junction Spine PD JAN-MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.4103/0974-8237.176619 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA DF8VE UT WOS:000371637400007 PM 27041883 ER PT J AU Fredriksson, DW Steppe, CN Luznik, L Wallendorf, L Mayer, RH AF Fredriksson, D. W. Steppe, C. N. Luznik, L. Wallendorf, L. Mayer, R. H. TI Design approach for a containment barrier system for in-situ setting of Crassostrea virginica for aquaculture and restoration applications SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Shellfish aquaculture and restoration; CFD; Aquacultural engineering; Mooring system design ID WAVE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-LAYER; TURBULENCE AB As part of an applied research project, an engineering design and structure deployment study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of performing in-situ larval set of Crassostrea virginica within a temporarily deployed containment barrier. The intent of the barrier was to contain free-swimming larvae to maximize set on emplaced shell substrate. The project site was located in the Chesapeake Bay waters of Maryland (USA) in a tidal tributary adjacent to the Patuxent River. The project included a practical ocean engineering approach to specify barrier and mooring system components by investigating environmental design criteria, applying computational fluid dynamic techniques, and characterizing the barrier and mooring leg shape and tension with catenary equations. Following analysis and component specification, both the barrier and mooring system components were deployed. The structure consisted of two, 15 m length sections of Type-Ill turbidity curtain with a skirt depth of 4.57 m, but adjustable with furling lines. The structure enclosed an area of about 65 m(2) with clean oyster shell substrate and was held vertical in the water column with similar to 0.3 m floats at the surface and chain at the bottom of the skirt. It was deployed with an 8-point spread mooring configuration to maintain its shape in a 0.51 m/s current and 0.75 m waves. After deployment, larvae were introduced into the enclosed volume and allowed three days to set before removing the barrier. A companion biological field study demonstrated that the technique could add over 180 juvenile oysters/m(2) to the site with clean cultch. Recommendations for a potential, scaled-up version are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fredriksson, D. W.; Mayer, R. H.] US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Steppe, C. N.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Luznik, L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Wallendorf, L.] US Naval Acad, Hydromech Lab, 590Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fredriks@usna.edu; natunewi@usna.edu; luznik@usna.edu; lou@usna.edu; mayer@usna.edu FU Maryland Sea Grant [NA10OAR4170072]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [R/FISH-102]; USNA FX We would like to express our thanks K. Clark, W. Yates, and J. Howard Hixson for sharing their facilities at Morgan State University PEARL and for field work support. We would also like thank G. Caban, S. Guth, M. Nie, J. Thomson, and K. Wells for additional field support. C. Steppe and D.W. Fredriksson received support for this project from Maryland Sea Grant, Award Number NA10OAR4170072, Project Number R/FISH-102 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Supplemental funding for C. Steppe was provided by USNA recognition grants. Finally, we appreciate all of the thoughtful comments from the four reviewers and sincerely tried to incorporate all of their suggestions. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.12.003 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA DF4ZV UT WOS:000371362500004 ER PT J AU Norgren, MS Small, JD Jonsson, HH Chuang, PY AF Norgren, M. S. Small, J. D. Jonsson, H. H. Chuang, P. Y. TI Observational estimates of detrainment and entrainment in non-precipitating shallow cumulus SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONGESTUS CLOUDS; BUDGET MEASUREMENTS; PART II; THUNDERSTORMS; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB Vertical transport associated with cumulus clouds is important to the redistribution of gases, particles, and energy, with subsequent consequences for many aspects of the climate system. Previous studies have suggested that detrainment from clouds can be comparable to the updraft mass flux, and thus represents an important contribution to vertical transport. In this study, we describe a new method to deduce the amounts of gross detrainment and entrainment experienced by non-precipitating cumulus clouds using aircraft observations. The method utilizes equations for three conserved variables: cloud mass, total water, and moist static energy. Optimizing these three equations leads to estimates of the mass fractions of adiabatic mixed-layer air, entrained air and detrained air that the sampled cloud has experienced. The method is applied to six flights of the CIRPAS Twin Otter during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) which took place in the Houston, Texas region during the summer of 2006 during which 176 small, non-precipitating cumuli were sampled. Using our novel method, we find that, on average, these clouds were comprised of 30 to 70% mixed-layer air, with entrained air comprising most of the remainder. The mass fraction of detrained air was usually very small, less than 2 %, although values larger than 10 % were found in 15 % of clouds. Entrained and detrained air mass fractions both increased with altitude, consistent with some previous observational studies. The largest detrainment events were almost all associated with air that was at their level of neutral buoyancy, which has been hypothesized in previous modeling studies. This new method could be readily used with data from other previous aircraft campaigns to expand our understanding of detrainment for a variety of cloud systems. C1 [Norgren, M. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Small, J. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. [Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Chuang, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pchuang@ucsc.edu FU NOAA; Physical Meteorology program of the National Science Foundation [AGS-1139746] FX The authors thank NOAA for funding participation in the GoMACCS aerosol-cloud field experiment, and the Physical Meteorology program of the National Science Foundation (AGS-1139746) for supporting publication of this manuscript. We also thank the CIRPAS Twin Otter team for all their dedicated work to make this field program a great success. We are indebted to John Seinfeld and Rick Flagan for their scientific leadership during this experiment, and the rest of the Twin Otter science team for various discussions along the way. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.5194/acp-16-21-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YG UT WOS:000371283900002 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Contreras, R Zhang, J Campbell, JR Reid, JS AF Alfaro-Contreras, R. Zhang, J. Campbell, J. R. Reid, J. S. TI Investigating the frequency and interannual variability in global above-cloud aerosol characteristics with CALIOP and OMI SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; DATA-ASSIMILATION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; A-TRAIN; MODIS; OCEAN; AERONET; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS AB Seven and a half years (June 2006 to November 2013) of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol and cloud layer products are compared with collocated Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol index (AI) data and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products in order to investigate variability in estimates of biannual and monthly above-cloud aerosol (ACA) events globally. The active- (CALIOP) and passive-based (OMI-MODIS) techniques have their advantages and caveats for ACA detection, and thus both are used to derive a thorough and robust comparison of daytime cloudy-sky ACA distribution and climatology. For the first time, baseline above-cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) and AI thresholds are derived and examined (AI = 1.0, ACAOD = 0.015) for each sensor. Both OMI-MODIS and CALIOP-based daytime spatial distributions of ACA events show similar patterns during both study periods (December-May) and (June-November). Divergence exists in some regions, however, such as Southeast Asia during June through November, where daytime cloudy-sky ACA frequencies of up to 10% are found from CALIOP yet are non-existent from the OMI-based method. Conversely, annual cloudy-sky ACA frequencies of 20-30% are reported over northern Africa from the OMI-based method yet are largely undetected by the CALIOP-based method. Using a collocated OMI-MODIS-CALIOP data set, our study suggests that the cloudy-sky ACA frequency differences between the OMI-MODIS- and CALIOP-based methods are mostly due to differences in cloud detection capability between MODIS and CALIOP as well as QA flags used. An increasing interannual variability of similar to 0.3-0.4% per year (since 2009) in global monthly cloudy-sky ACA daytime frequency of occurrence is found using the OMI-MODIS-based method. Yet, CALIOP-based global daytime ACA frequencies exhibit a near-zero interannual variability. Further analysis suggests that the OMI-derived interannual variability in cloudy-sky ACA frequency may be affected by OMI row anomalies in later years. A few regions are found to have increasing slopes in interannual variability in cloudy-sky ACA frequency, including the Middle East and India. Regions with slightly negative slopes of the interannual variability in cloudy-sky ACA frequencies are found over South America and China, while remaining regions in the study show nearly zero change in ACA frequencies over time. The interannual variability in ACA frequency is not, however, statistically significant on both global and regional scales, given the relatively limited sample sizes. A longer data record of ACA events is needed in order to establish significant trends of ACA frequency regionally and globally. C1 [Alfaro-Contreras, R.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Campbell, J. R.; Reid, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA [NNX14AJ13G]; NASA on behalf of the CALIPSO Science Team [IAARPO201422] FX This research is funded through the support of the Office of Naval Research Code 322. R. Alfaro-Contreras is supported by NASA project NNX14AJ13G. J. R. Campbell acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement IAARPO201422 on behalf of the CALIPSO Science Team. We thank the AERONET program and their contributing principal investigators for collecting and maintaining the sun photometer data. CALIOP cloud and aerosol layer data were obtained from the Atmospheric Science Data Center. MODIS cloud data were obtained from the Goddard Space Flight Center Level 1 and atmospheric archive and distribution center system. The OMI aerosol data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Science Data Center and Information Service Center. We thank Abhay Devasthale, Karsten Peters, Hiren Jethva, and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 47 EP 69 DI 10.5194/acp-16-47-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YG UT WOS:000371283900004 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Huntley, HS Kirwan, AD Lipphardt, BL Campbell, T Smith, T Edwards, K Bartels, B AF Jacobs, Gregg A. Huntley, Helga S. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. Campbell, Timothy Smith, Travis Edwards, Kacey Bartels, Brent TI Ocean processes underlying surface clustering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE clustering; divergence; frontogenesis; submesoscale; continental shelf; modeling ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; CONVERGENCE FRONTS; MIXED-LAYER; SEA; FRONTOGENESIS; 1/8-DEGREES; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; ESTUARIES AB Ageostrophic ocean processes such as frontogenesis, submesoscale mixed-layer instabilities, shelf break fronts, and topographic interactions on the continental shelf produce surface-divergent flows that affect buoyant material over time. This study examines the ocean processes leading to clustering, i.e., the increase of material density over time, on the ocean surface. The time series of divergence along a material trajectory, the Lagrangian divergence (LD), is the flow property driving clustering. To understand the impacts of various ocean processes on LD, numerical ocean model simulations at different resolutions are analyzed. Although the relevant processes differ, patterns in clustering evolution from the deep ocean and the continental shelf bear similarities. Smaller-scale ocean features are associated with stronger surface divergence, and the surface material clustering is initially dominated by these features. Over time, the effect of these small-scale features becomes bounded, as material traverses small-scale regions of both positive and negative divergence. Lower-frequency flow phenomena, however, continue the clustering. As a result, clustering evolves from initial small-scale to larger-scale patterns. C1 [Jacobs, Gregg A.; Campbell, Timothy; Smith, Travis; Edwards, Kacey] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Huntley, Helga S.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.; Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Bartels, Brent] VENCOR, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM gregg.jacobs@nrlssc.navy.mil FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX This research is funded by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE). The authors would like to acknowledge the discussions and considerations of the entire CARTHE research group throughout the development of this work including Tamay Ozgokmen, Andrew Poje, Javier Francisco Beron-Vera, Angelique Haza, Josefina Olascoaga, Annalisa Griffa, William Dewar, and many others. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-11-1001and has been approved for public release. Data from model experiments may be obtained through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative archival site at under DOI numbers: 10.7266/N7FQ9TJ6, 10.7266/N76Q1V5G, 10.7266/N72Z13F4, or by contacting the first author. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 180 EP 197 DI 10.1002/2015JC011140 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200011 ER PT J AU Phelps, C Royset, JO Gong, Q AF Phelps, Chris Royset, Johannes O. Gong, Qi TI OPTIMAL CONTROL OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS USING SAMPLE AVERAGE APPROXIMATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE optimal control; numerical methods; parameter uncertainty ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; ENSEMBLE CONTROL; CONVERGENCE; COLLOCATION AB In this paper, we introduce the uncertain optimal control problem of determining a control that minimizes the expectation of an objective functional for a system with parameter uncertainty in both dynamics and objective. We present a computational framework for the numerical solution of this problem, wherein an independently drawn random sample is taken from the space of uncertain parameters, and the expectation in the objective functional is approximated by a sample average. The result is a sequence of approximating standard optimal control problems that can be solved using existing techniques. To analyze the performance of this computational framework, we develop necessary conditions for both the original and approximate problems and show that the approximation based on sample averages is consistent in the sense of Polak [Optimization: Algorithms and Consistent Approximations, Springer, New York, 1997]. This property guarantees that accumulation points of a sequence of global minimizers (stationary points) of the approximate problem are global minimizers (stationary points) of the original problem. We show that the uncertain optimal control problem can further be approximated in a consistent manner by a sequence of nonlinear programs under mild regularity assumptions. In numerical examples, we demonstrate that the framework enables the solution of optimal search and optimal ensemble control problems. C1 [Phelps, Chris; Gong, Qi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Phelps, C; Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Royset, JO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cdphelps@soe.ucsc.edu; joroyset@nps.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 EI 1095-7138 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1137/140983161 PG 29 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA DF3FX UT WOS:000371230500001 ER PT J AU Mysliwiec, V Matsangas, P Baxter, T Shattuck, NL AF Mysliwiec, Vincent Matsangas, Panagiotis Baxter, Tristin Shattuck, Nita Lewis TI An unusual circadian rhythm in an active duty service member SO SLEEP AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Article DE Military; Shift work disorder; Shift work; Ship crews ID SLEEP AB The case of a 29-year-old active duty US Navy sailor with severe sleepiness is presented. He was diagnosed with mild obstructive sleep apnea which did not fully explain his sleepiness. At follow-up, positive airway pressure usage demonstrated a progressive, variable phase delay. His sleep periods aligned with his 5-h on/10-h off (5/10) military duty schedule. Treatment with bright light exposure and melatonin resolved his circadian arrhythmia. While it is known that military personnel are habitual shift workers who receive insufficient sleep, there is little documentation of shift work disorders in this population. C1 [Mysliwiec, Vincent] 121 Gen Hosp, Med Specialties Clin, Unit 15281, Seoul 962055281, South Korea. [Matsangas, Panagiotis; Shattuck, Nita Lewis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Baxter, Tristin] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Sleep Med, Crit Care, Dept Pulm, 9040 Fitzsimmons Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1446-9235 EI 1479-8425 J9 SLEEP BIOL RHYTHMS JI Sleep Biol. Rhythms PD JAN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s41105-015-0003-0 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA DF6ZH UT WOS:000371506700014 ER PT S AU Branstetter, BK Bakhtiari, KL Trickey, JS Finneran, JJ AF Branstetter, Brian K. Bakhtiari, Kimberly L. Trickey, Jennifer S. Finneran, James J. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Hearing Mechanisms and Noise Metrics Related to Auditory Masking in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Signal; Detection; Comodulation AB Odontocete cetaceans are acoustic specialists that depend on sound to hunt, forage, navigate, detect predators, and communicate. Auditory masking from natural and anthropogenic sound sources may adversely affect these fitness-related capabilities. The ability to detect a tone in a broad range of natural, anthropogenic, and synthesized noise was tested with bottlenose dolphins using a psychophysical, band-widening procedure. Diverging masking patterns were found for noise-bandwidths greater than the width of an auditory filter. Despite different noise types having equal-pressure spectral-density levels (95 dB re 1 mu Pa-2/Hz), masked detection threshold differences were as large as 22 dB. Consecutive experiments indicated that noise types with increased levels of amplitude modulation resulted in comodulation masking release due to within-channel and across-channel auditory mechanisms. The degree to which noise types were comodulated (comodulation index) was assessed by calculating the magnitude-squared coherence between the temporal envelope from an auditory filter centered on the signal and temporal envelopes from flanking filters. Statistical models indicate that masked thresholds in a variety of noise types, at a variety of levels, can be explained with metrics related to the comodulation index in addition to the pressure spectral-density level of noise. This study suggests that predicting auditory masking from ocean noise sources depends on both spectral and temporal properties of the noise. C1 [Branstetter, Brian K.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Bakhtiari, Kimberly L.; Trickey, Jennifer S.] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Branstetter, BK (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM brian.branstetter@nmmf.org; kimberly.bakhtiari@nmmf.org; trickyj@gmail.com; james.finneran@navy.mil OI Trickey, Jennifer/0000-0002-6080-8744 FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank Jennifer Miksis-Olds and Marc Lammers for field recordings of the noise. We also thank the staff of the US Navy Marine Mammal Program. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_13 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900014 PM 26610950 ER PT S AU Finneran, JJ Mulsow, J Schlundt, CE AF Finneran, James J. Mulsow, Jason Schlundt, Carolyn E. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Using Reaction Time and Equal Latency Contours to Derive Auditory Weighting Functions in Sea Lions and Dolphins SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Hearing; Loudness; Reaction time; Weighting function ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LOUDNESS CONTOURS; HEARING; SENSITIVITY; MONKEY AB Subjective loudness measurements are used to create equal-loudness contours and auditory weighting functions for human noise-mitigation criteria; however, comparable direct measurements of subjective loudness with animal subjects are difficult to conduct. In this study, simple reaction time to pure tones was measured as a proxy for subjective loudness in a Tursiops truncatus and Zalophus californianus. Contours fit to equal reaction-time curves were then used to estimate the shapes of auditory weighting functions. C1 [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr SSC Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mulsow, Jason] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Schlundt, Carolyn E.] Exelis Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr SSC Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil; jason.mulsow@nmmf.org; carolyn.melka@exelisinc.com FU US Navy Living Marine Resources Program FX We thank the staff at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program in San Diego, CA, for animal care and training and the US Navy Living Marine Resources Program for funding. This work was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Biosciences Division, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_33 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900034 PM 26610970 ER PT S AU Houser, DS Martin, SW Finneran, JJ AF Houser, Dorian S. Martin, Steven W. Finneran, James J. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Risk Functions of Dolphins and Sea Lions Exposed to Sonar Signals SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Dose response; Behavioral reaction; Sound; Noise ID RESPONSES AB Acoustic dose-response functions have been recommended as a means of predicting behavioral impacts on marine mammals from anthropogenic noise exposure. Thirty bottlenose dolphins and fifteen sea lions participated in a controlled exposure study to explore dose-response relationships to the received level of a simulated sonar signal. Both species showed an increase in the probability of response and in the severity of response with increased received levels. Differences in species sensitivity were noted in habituation and the impact of age on responsiveness. C1 [Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Martin, Steven W.; Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst SPAWAR Ctr, SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dorian.houser@nmmf.org; steve.w.martin@navy.mil; james.finneran@navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research; Chief of Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division [N45] FX We are thankful to the training and engineering staff of the US Navy Marine Mammal Program for their participation in the study and their assistance with training and engineering issues. This study was funded by the US Office of Naval Research and the Chief of Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division (N45). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_57 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900058 PM 26610994 ER PT S AU Iafrate, JD Watwood, SL Reyier, EA Gilchrest, M Crocker, SE AF Iafrate, Joseph D. Watwood, Stephanie L. Reyier, Eric A. Gilchrest, Matthew Crocker, Steven E. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Residency of Reef Fish During Pile Driving Within a Shallow Pierside Environment SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Anthropogenic noise; Fish; Pile driving; Telemetry; Tagging ID AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOUND; SALAR AB The potential effects of pile driving on fish populations and commercial fisheries have received significant attention given the prevalence of construction occurring in coastal habitats throughout the world. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to assess the movement and survival of free-ranging reef fish in Port Canaveral, FL, in response to 35 days of pile driving at an existing wharf complex. The site fidelity and behavior of 15 sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) and 10 gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) were determined before, during, and after pile driving. No obvious signs of mortality or injury to tagged fish were evident from the data. There was a significant decline in the residency index for mangrove snapper at the construction wharf after pile driving compared with the baseline, although this may be influenced by natural movements of this species in the study area rather than a direct response to pile driving. C1 [Iafrate, Joseph D.; Watwood, Stephanie L.; Crocker, Steven E.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Reyier, Eric A.] InoMed Hlth Applicat Inc, Kennedy Space Ctr Ecol Program, Environm Serv, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899 USA. [Gilchrest, Matthew] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Gilchrest, Matthew] McLaughlin Res Corp, Middletown, RI 02840 USA. RP Iafrate, JD (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM joseph.iafrate@navy.mil; stephanie.watwood@navy.mil; eric.a.reyier@nasa.gov; matthew.gilchrest.ctr@navy.mil; steven.crocker@navy.mil FU USFF Command [N46]; Canaveral Port Authority; NUWC In-House Lab Independent Research Program FX We thank the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Ecological Program; LCDR James Westermeyer and the Naval Ordnance Test Unit; Doug Scheidt and Jane Provancha from InoMedic Health Applications (IHA) at the KSC, FL; and Don George and Angy Chambers at the Air Force 45th Space Wing Natural Assets Office for key logistical support. We also thank Carla Garreau, Russell Lowers, and Karen Holloway-Adkins of IHA; Colin Lazauski, Bert Neales, and Nord Lange of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC); and David MacDuffee of US Fleet Forces (USFF). This project was approved by the KSC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the NUWC Environmental Review Board. Funding was provided by USFF Command N46, Canaveral Port Authority, and the NUWC In-House Lab Independent Research Program. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_58 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900059 PM 26610995 ER PT S AU Mulsow, J Finneran, JJ AF Mulsow, Jason Finneran, James J. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Auditory Discrimination of Natural and High-Pass Filtered Bark Vocalizations in a California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Pinniped; Hearing ID HEARING AB A California sea lion performed a psychophysical auditory discrimination task with a set of six stimuli: three barks recorded from conspecific males and high-pass filtered versions of the barks that removed the majority of energy at fundamental frequencies. Discrimination performance and subject reaction times (RTs) suggested that the vocalizations were all perceived as fairly dissimilar. This preliminary study hints that low-frequency components are a salient part of the California sea lion bark despite elevation of this species' aerial hearing thresholds and the potential for elevated environmental noise levels at frequencies below 1 kHz. C1 [Mulsow, Jason] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr SSC Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jason.mulsow@nmmf.org; james.finneran@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal and Biological Oceanography Program FX We thank the animal care and training staff at the Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA, and funding from the Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal and Biological Oceanography Program. We also thank Colleen Reichmuth, Guy Oliver, and Ano Nuevo State Park for their assistance in obtaining the sea lion vocalizations. This work was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Biosciences Division, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_89 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900090 PM 26611026 ER PT S AU Rudd, AB Richlen, MF Stimpert, AK Au, WWL AF Rudd, Alexis B. Richlen, Michael F. Stimpert, Alison K. Au, Whitlow W. L. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Radiated Sound of a High-Speed Water-Jet-Propelled Transportation Vessel SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Ship radiated noise; Whale; Water-jet propulsion; Ship strike ID COMMERCIAL SHIPS; NOISE AB The radiated noise from a high-speed water-jet-propelled catamaran was measured for catamaran speeds of 12, 24, and 37 kn. The radiated noise increased with catamaran speed, although the shape of the noise spectrum was similar for all speeds and measuring hydrophone depth. The spectra peaked at similar to 200 Hz and dropped off continuously at higher frequencies. The radiated noise was 10-20 dB lower than noise from propeller-driven ships at comparable speeds. The combination of low radiated noise and high speed could be a factor in the detection and avoidance of water-jet-propelled ships by baleen whales. C1 [Rudd, Alexis B.; Richlen, Michael F.; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Post Grad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Au, WWL (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM rudd@hawaii.edu; richlen@hawaii.edu; alison.stimpert@gmail.com; wau@hawaii.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 951 EP 956 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_117 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900118 PM 26611054 ER PT S AU Watwood, SL Iafrate, JD Reyier, EA Redfoot, WE AF Watwood, Stephanie L. Iafrate, Joseph D. Reyier, Eric A. Redfoot, William E. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Behavioral Response of Reef Fish and Green Sea Turtles to Midfrequency Sonar SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Anthropogenic noise; Fish; Sea turtles; Sonar; Telemetry; Tagging ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE TURTLES; SALAR AB There is growing concern over the potential effects of high-intensity sonar on wild fish populations and commercial fisheries. Acoustic telemetry was employed to measure the movements of free-ranging reef fish and sea turtles in Port Canaveral, FL, in response to routine submarine sonar testing. Twenty-five sheeps-head (Archosargus probatocephalus), 28 gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), and 29 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were tagged, with movements monitored for a period of up to 4 months using an array of passive acoustic receivers. Baseline residency was examined for fish and sea turtles before, during, and after the test event. No mortality of tagged fish or sea turtles was evident from the sonar test event. There was a significant increase in the daily residency index for both sheepshead and gray snapper at the testing wharf subsequent to the event. No broad-scale movement from the study site was observed during or immediately after the test. C1 [Watwood, Stephanie L.; Iafrate, Joseph D.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Reyier, Eric A.] InoMed Hlth Applicat Inc, Kennedy Space Ctr Ecol Program & Environm Serv, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Redfoot, William E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Watwood, SL (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephanie.watwood@navy.mil; joseph.iafrate@navy.mil; eric.a.reyier@nasa.gov; bredfoot@cfl.rr.com FU US Fleet Forces Command N46; Canaveral Port Authority; Naval Undersea Warfare Center In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program FX We thank Jane Provancha, LCDR James Westermeyer and the Naval Ordnance Test Unit, and Don George and Angy Chambers at the Air Force 45th Space Wing Natural Assets Office for logistical support. We also thank Doug Scheidt, Carla Garreau, Russell Lowers, Karen Holloway-Adkins, Jennifer James, Carter Watterson, Colin Lazauski, David MacDuffee, Tony Ruffa, and the Florida Atlantic Coast Telemetry Array Community. This project was approved by the Kennedy Space Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Environmental Review Board. Funding was provided by the US Fleet Forces Command N46, the Canaveral Port Authority, and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 1213 EP 1221 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_152 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900153 PM 26611089 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Liou, K Vourlidas, A Plunkett, S Dryer, M Wu, ST Mewaldt, RA AF Wu, Chin-Chun Liou, Kan Vourlidas, Angelos Plunkett, Simon Dryer, Murray Wu, S. T. Mewaldt, Richard A. TI Global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the 15 March 2013 coronal mass ejection eventInterpretation of the 30-80MeV proton flux SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; geomagnetic storm; interplanetary shock; MHD simulation; solar energetic particles; magnetic cloud ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOLAR-WIND; PEAK INTENSITIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; IMP-8 OBSERVATIONS; RADIAL DEPENDENCE; SUN; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE AB The coronal mass ejection (CME) event on 15 March 2013 is one of the few solar events in Cycle 24 that produced a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event and severe geomagnetic activity. Observations of SEP from the ACE spacecraft show a complex time-intensity SEP profile that is not easily understood with current empirical SEP models. In this study, we employ a global three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to help interpret the observations. The simulation is based on the H3DMHD code and incorporates extrapolations of photospheric magnetic field as the inner boundary condition at a solar radial distance (r) of 2.5 solar radii. A Gaussian-shaped velocity pulse is imposed at the inner boundary as a proxy for the complex physical conditions that initiated the CME. It is found that the time-intensity profile of the high-energy (>10MeV) SEPs can be explained by the evolution of the CME-driven shock and its interaction with the heliospheric current sheet and the nonuniform solar wind. We also demonstrate in more detail that the simulated fast-mode shock Mach number at the magnetically connected shock location is well correlated (r(cc)0.7) with the concurrent 30-80MeV proton flux. A better correlation occurs when the 30-80MeV proton flux is scaled by r(-1.4)(r(cc)=0.87). When scaled by r(-2.8), the correlation for 10-30MeV proton flux improves significantly from r(cc)=0.12 to r(cc)=0.73, with 1h delay. The present study suggests that (1) sector boundary can act as an obstacle to the propagation of SEPs; (2) the background solar wind is an important factor in the variation of IP shock strength and thus plays an important role in manipulation of SEP flux; (3) at least 50% of the variance in SEP flux can be explained by the fast-mode shock Mach number. This study demonstrates that global MHD simulation, despite the limitation implied by its physics-based ideal fluid continuum assumption, can be a viable tool for SEP data analysis. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun; Plunkett, Simon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liou, Kan; Vourlidas, Angelos] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mewaldt, Richard A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU Chief Naval Research; NASA; NSF [AGS1153323]; NASA [NNX13A66G, NNX11A075G] FX The simulation results (similar to 7 GB of data) of this study can be obtained through making a request to the lead author. All data used in this study are obtained from public domain. We thank the Wind and ACE PI teams and National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration for their management and providing solar wind plasma and magnetic field data; STEREO and LASCO PI teams for providing coronal images; and Kyoto University for providing geomagnetic activity index (Dst). We thank Olga Malandraki for her constructive suggestions. We also thank Y.M. Wang (NRL) who provided derived solar magnetic fields at 2.5 RSUN. This study is supported partially by Chief Naval Research (CCW, SP), NASA (AV), and NSF base program (KL), AGS1153323 (STW). The Caltech effort was supported by NASA grants NNX13A66G and NNX11A075G. The Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry solar wind model version 2 (HAFv2) was provided to NRL/SSD by a software license from Exploration Physics International, Inc. (EXPI). NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 56 EP 76 DI 10.1002/2015JA021051 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900005 ER PT J AU Parker, JF Pala, IR Chervin, CN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Parker, Joseph F. Pala, Irina R. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Minimizing Shape Change at Zn Sponge Anodes in Rechargeable Ni-Zn Cells: Impact of Electrolyte Formulation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUPERSATURATED ZINCATE SOLUTIONS; ALKALINE BATTERY SYSTEMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; SECONDARY BATTERIES; AIR; HYDROXIDES; ADDITIVES; DENDRITE; OXIDE AB The historically poor electrochemical rechargeability of Zn in alkaline electrolyte has hindered the commercial viability of Ni-Zn batteries, a system otherwise of interest because of high specific energy (up to 140 Wh kg(-1)). We have redesigned the Zn anode as a three-dimensional (3D), monolithic porous architecture (" sponge") that exhibits unprecedented Zn specific capacity and dendrite-free cycling. Maintaining the integrity of the 3D Zn sponge architecture throughout charge-discharge is required to ultimately achieve technologically relevant performance in terms of cycle life and capacity. En route to this goal, we systematically evaluated a series of electrolyte and electrode additives used in conjunction with our Zn sponge anode in order to down-select formulations that minimize electrode shape change with cycling in prototype Ni-3D Zn cells. The classes of additives chosen for this study include those that either inhibit ZnO passivation during discharge (Type I: LiOH, K2SiO3) or promote it (Type II/III: KF, K2CO3, ZnO, Ca(OH)(2)), as well as combinations thereof. We find that the second class of additives effectively retains the cycled Zn sponge in its pre-cycled condition. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, Joseph F.; Pala, Irina R.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parker, JF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.parker@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR-0000391] FX The information, data, and work presented herein were funded in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy (Award Number DE-AR-0000391) and have been Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, or the U.S. Government. I.R.P. was a National Research Council-Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Associate (2012-2015). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 3 BP A351 EP A355 DI 10.1149/2.1001602jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DE8BT UT WOS:000370861500004 ER PT J AU Leshak, B AF Leshak, Brian TI Navy Receives New Oceanographer, Sets Policy and Resource Priorities SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Leshak, Brian] US Navy, Off Oceanographer, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Leshak, B (reprint author), US Navy, Off Oceanographer, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DE0JC UT WOS:000370310200002 ER PT J AU Moser, CS Wier, TP Grant, JF First, MR Tamburri, MN Ruiz, GM Miller, AW Drake, LA AF Moser, Cameron S. Wier, Timothy P. Grant, Jonathan F. First, Matthew R. Tamburri, Mario N. Ruiz, Gregory M. Miller, A. Whitman Drake, Lisa A. TI Quantifying the total wetted surface area of the world fleet: a first step in determining the potential extent of ships' biofouling SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Aquatic nuisance species; Hull fouling; Invasive species; Wetted surface area; Global fleet; Non-indigenous species ID SEA; INVASIONS; BIOFILMS; GRAVITY; IMPACT AB Ships' hulls can transport aquatic nuisance species, but there is little quantitative information about the magnitude of vessel biofouling on a global or regional scale. There does not exist a robust method to estimate the wetted surface area (WSA) of a particular fleet of ships, especially across the diversity of possible vessel types. An estimate of the total WSA of ship arrivals into a port or region is essential to determine the potential scope of biofouling and to inform management strategies to reduce the future invasions. Multiple statistical models were developed so commonly available ships' parameters could be used to estimate the WSA for a given set of fleet data. Using individual ship characteristics and publicly available data from similar to 120,000 active commercial ships in the world fleet, the method results in a total global minimum WSA estimate of approximately 325 9 10(6) m(2). The size of the global fleet employed here is greater than the commonly cited vessel number of approximately 80,000-90,000, as we include ships <100 gross tons. Over 190,000 vessels were initially identified, representing a WSA of 571 9 10(6) m(2), but active status of only 120,000 vessels could be confirmed. Reliable data were unavailable on the operating status of many additional and especially smaller vessels. This approach, along with a contemporary and comprehensive estimate of global WSA, when combined with knowledge of the different operational profiles of ships that may reduce biofouling (port residence times, steaming speeds, extent of antifouling coatings, cleaning frequency, etc.), can inform current numerical models and risk assessments of bioinvasions. C1 [Moser, Cameron S.; Wier, Timothy P.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Grant, Jonathan F.] Battenkill Technol Inc, Manchester Ctr, VT 05255 USA. [First, Matthew R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6136, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tamburri, Mario N.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Ruiz, Gregory M.; Miller, A. Whitman] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Drake, Lisa A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6136, Key West, FL 33041 USA. RP Moser, CS (reprint author), Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM cameron.moser.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI First, Matthew/0000-0003-1330-3353; First, Matt/0000-0003-3465-2376; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Miller, Whitman/0000-0003-0484-182X FU University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [2012-38]; U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) FX This work was supported by the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (funding agreement 2012-38) and the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD). We thank Carolyn Junemann (MARAD) for guidance and programmatic support and Mark Minton (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center) for his advice with shipping data. We appreciate advice from Rich Everett (U.S. Coast Guard) and the data provided from the National Ballast Information Clearinghouse. This work was supported by Diane Lysogorski, Section Head of NRL Code 6136 and Director of the Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering-Key West, Florida. Finally, the reviews of this manuscript by Stephanie Robbins-Wamsley, Diane Lysogorski, Edward Lemieux (Branch Head, Code 6130), Barry Spargo (Acting Superintendent, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory), Jim Carlton, and three anonymous reviewers improved it-thank you. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-1007-z PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DD6WT UT WOS:000370066000020 ER PT S AU Casem, D Huskins, E Ligda, J Schuster, B AF Casem, Daniel Huskins, Emily Ligda, Jonathan Schuster, Brian BE Song, B Lamberson, L Casem, D Kimberley, J TI A Kolsky Bar for High-Rate Micro-compression: Preliminary Results SO DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS, VOL 1 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Expt Mech DE Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar; Kolsky Bar; High-rate testing; Interferometers; Compression testing ID DISPLACEMENT AB Initial results from a Kolsky bar with a 127 mu m diameter are presented. The small diameter is used achieve high strain-rates and for compatibility with small (tens of microns) specimens. The bar is instrumented optically; a transverse displacement interferometer is used to measure the input and reflected pulses within the input bar and a normal displacement interferometer is used to measure the transmitted pulse in the output bar. It is shown using a simple elastic impact experiment that the pulses within the bars propagate as uniaxial stress waves according the elementary theory used in the standard analysis. An example application is also given where a niobium sample is loaded at a strain rate greater than 1 M/s. C1 [Casem, Daniel] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Huskins, Emily] US Naval Acad, 323 Rickover Hall, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ligda, Jonathan; Schuster, Brian] US Army Res Lab, RDRL WML H, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Casem, D (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM daniel.t.casem.civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22452-7; 978-3-319-22451-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_14 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BE2OQ UT WOS:000369724800014 ER PT J AU Lary, DJ Alavi, AH Gandomi, AH Walker, AL AF Lary, David J. Alavi, Amir H. Gandomi, Amir H. Walker, Annette L. TI Machine learning in geosciences and remote sensing SO GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS LA English DT Article DE Machine learning; Geosciences; Remote sensing; Regression; Classification AB Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning (ML) is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficult to-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms (e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.) that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore, nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems. (C) 2015, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lary, David J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Alavi, Amir H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gandomi, Amir H.] Michigan State Univ, BEACON Ctr Study Evolut Act, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Walker, Annette L.] Naval Res Lab, Aerosol & Radiat Sect, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alavi, AH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM alavi@msu.edu OI Gandomi, Amir/0000-0002-2798-0104 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 20 PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES PI BEIJING PA 29 XUEYUAN RD, BEIJING, 100083, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-9871 J9 GEOSCI FRONT JI Geosci. Front. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.gsf.2015.07.003 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DD7EZ UT WOS:000370087800002 ER PT J AU Frants, M Holzer, M DeVries, T Matear, R AF Frants, Marina Holzer, Mark DeVries, Timothy Matear, Richard TI Constraints on the global marine iron cycle from a simple inverse model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE marine iron cycle; nutrient cycles; inverse model; parameter estimation; iron limitation; GEOTRACES ID SOUTHERN DRAKE PASSAGE; ORGANIC COMPLEXATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BINDING LIGANDS; DISSOLVED IRON; WORLD OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON; LIMITATION; WATERS AB A simple model of the global marine iron cycle is used to constrain the sources, sinks, and biological cycling of iron. The iron model is embedded in a data-assimilated steady state circulation, with biological cycling driven by a prescribed, data-constrained phosphate cycle. Biogeochemical parameters are determined by minimizing a suitably weighted quadratic mismatch with available dissolved iron (dFe) observations, including GEOTRACES transects. Because the effective iron sources and sinks overlap, current dFe observations cannot constrain sources and sinks independently. We therefore determine a family of optimal solutions for a range of the aeolian source strength sigma(A) from 0.3 to 6.1Gmol/yr. We find that the dFe observations constrain the maximum Fe:P uptake ratio R-0 to be proportional to sigma(A), with a range that spans most available measurements. Thus, with either R-0 or sigma(A) specified, a unique solution is determined. Global inventories of total and free iron are well constrained at (7.4 0.2) x 10(11) and (1.39 0.05) x 10(10)molFe, respectively. The dFe distributions are very similar across the family of solutions, with iron limitation in the known high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions. Hydrothermal source strength ranges from 0.57 to 0.73Gmol/yr and does not vary systematically with sigma(A) suggesting that the hydrothermal and aeolian parts of the iron cycle are largely decoupled. The hydrothermal dFe anomaly in the euphotic zone is approximate to 10% and concentrated in subpolar regions of iron limitation. Enhanced ligand concentrations in old waters and in hydrothermal plumes are necessary to capture key features of the dFe observations. C1 [Frants, Marina; Holzer, Mark] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Dept Appl Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Frants, Marina] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Holzer, Mark] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [DeVries, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Matear, Richard] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Holzer, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Dept Appl Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.; Holzer, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. EM mholzer@unsw.edu.au RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011 FU Australian Research Council [DP120100674] FX We thank Francois Primeau for providing the data assimilated transport operator; Natalie Mahowald for making the aeolian iron flux estimate of Luo et al. [2008] available to us; and Anand Gnanadesikan, Keith Moore, and Benoit Pasquier for their helpful discussions. All iron data used in this study are available from GEOTRACES (http://www.bodc.ac.uk/geotraces/data). This work was supported by grant DP120100674 from the Australian Research Council (MH). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 28 EP 51 DI 10.1002/2015JG003111 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DD8JP UT WOS:000370173100002 ER PT J AU Karpenko, M Proulx, RJ AF Karpenko, Mark Proulx, Ronald J. TI Experimental Implementation of Riemann-Stieltjes Optimal Control for Agile Imaging Satellites SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT C1 [Karpenko, Mark] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Proulx, Ronald J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karpenko, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkarpenk@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.2514/1.G001325 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DD5FG UT WOS:000369947500008 ER PT J AU Lin, KY Singham, DI AF Lin, Kyle Y. Singham, Dashi I. TI Finding a hider by an unknown deadline SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Search theory; Two-person zero-sum game; Robust strategy ID DISCRETE SEQUENTIAL SEARCH; INTELLIGENT EVADER AB An object is hidden among several locations. Each search at the object's location independently finds the object with some location-dependent probability. The goal is to find the object by a deadline, but the deadline is unknown. Assuming the worst-case scenario, where Nature knows the deadline and uses this knowledge to hide the object to hinder the search, this paper shows that there is a randomized search strategy that simultaneously maximizes the probability of finding the object by any deadline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lin, Kyle Y.; Singham, Dashi I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lin, KY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kylin@nps.edu; dsingham@nps.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2015.11.003 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DD7LG UT WOS:000370105400005 ER PT J AU Tarvin, DA Wood, RK Newman, AM AF Tarvin, D. Antony Wood, R. Kevin Newman, Alexandra M. TI Benders decomposition: Solving binary master problems by enumeration SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Benders decomposition; Explicit enumeration; Facility location ID LINEAR-PROGRAMS; NETWORK DESIGN; INTERDICTION; ALGORITHM AB We develop a variant of Benders decomposition for mixed-integer programming that solves each master problem by explicit enumeration. By storing the master problem's current objective-function value for each potential solution, computational effort remains essentially constant across iterations. Using both serial and parallel processing, tests against competing methods show computational speedups that exceed two orders of magnitude. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, R. Kevin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Newman, Alexandra M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Newman, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tony.tarvin@hotmail.com; kwood@nps.edu; anewman@mines.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0087]; Office of Naval Research FX Kevin Wood thanks the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, under grant HDTRA1-10-1-0087, for its support. He also thanks the Office of Naval Research for its support. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2015.11.009 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DD7LG UT WOS:000370105400015 ER PT J AU Hillger, D Kopp, T Seaman, C Miller, S Lindsey, D Stevens, E Solbrig, J Straka, W Kreller, M Kuciauskas, A Terborg, A AF Hillger, Don Kopp, Tom Seaman, Curtis Miller, Steven Lindsey, Dan Stevens, Eric Solbrig, Jeremy Straka, William, III Kreller, Melissa Kuciauskas, Arunas Terborg, Amanda TI User Validation of VIIRS Satellite Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; DNB; NCC; imagery; validation; Alaska; KPP ID DAY/NIGHT BAND; NIGHT; CAPABILITIES; ALASKA AB Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is the finest spatial resolution (375 m) multi-spectral imagery of any operational meteorological satellite to date. The Imagery environmental data record (EDR) has been designated as a Key Performance Parameter (KPP) for VIIRS, meaning that its performance is vital to the success of a series of Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites that will carry this instrument. Because VIIRS covers the high-latitude and Polar Regions especially well via overlapping swaths from adjacent orbits, the Alaska theatre in particular benefits from VIIRS more than lower-latitude regions. While there are no requirements that specifically address the quality of the EDR Imagery aside from the VIIRS SDR performance requirements, the value of VIIRS Imagery to operational users is an important consideration in the Cal/Val process. As such, engaging a wide diversity of users constitutes a vital part of the Imagery validation strategy. The best possible image quality is of utmost importance. This paper summarizes the Imagery Cal/Val Team's quality assessment in this context. Since users are a vital component to the validation of VIIRS Imagery, specific examples of VIIRS imagery applied to operational needs are presented as an integral part of the post-checkout Imagery validation. C1 [Hillger, Don; Lindsey, Dan] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res StAR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kopp, Tom] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Seaman, Curtis; Miller, Steven; Solbrig, Jeremy] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stevens, Eric] Geog Informat Network Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Straka, William, III] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kreller, Melissa] NWS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuciauskas, Arunas] NRL, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Terborg, Amanda] NWS, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Hillger, D (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res StAR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM don.hillger@noaa.gov; Thomas.J.Kopp@aero.org; Curtis.Seaman@colostate.edu; Steven.Miller@colostate.edu; dan.lindsey@noaa.gov; eric@gina.alaska.edu; Jeremy.Solbrig@colostate.edu; wstraka@ssec.wisc.edu; melissa.kreller@noaa.gov; Arunas.Kuciauskas@nrlmry.navy.mil; amanda.terborg@noaa.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU JPSS Program Office, NOAA/NESDIS/StAR; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-14-G902]; Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the PEO C4I Space/PMW-120 [PE-0603207N] FX The authors would like to thank other on the VIIRS Imagery and Visualization Team [38] who are not listed as co-authors for their contributions: Stan Kidder, Debra Molenar, Steve Finley, Renate Brummer, Chris Elvidge, Kim Richardson, and Bill Thomas. The authors would also like to thank Capt. Brian Decicco and TSgt. Ricky Frye of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for their contributions. Funding for this work was provided by the JPSS Program Office, NOAA/NESDIS/StAR, and the Naval Research Laboratory (Grant # N00173-14-G902), the Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the PEO C4I & Space/PMW-120 under program element PE-0603207N. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.3390/rs8010011 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800012 ER PT J AU Davami, K Jiang, YJ Lin, C Cortes, J Robinson, JT Turner, KT Bargatin, I AF Davami, Keivan Jiang, Yijie Lin, Chen Cortes, John Robinson, Jeremy T. Turner, Kevin T. Bargatin, Igor TI Modification of mechanical properties of vertical graphene sheets via fluorination SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON; STRENGTH; FRICTION AB We report systematically tuning the mechanical properties of vertical graphene (VG) sheets through fluorination. VG sheets were synthesized using a radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique and were functionalized through exposure to xenon difluoride (XeF2) gas. An atomic force microscopy technique, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (QNM (R)), was used to measure the mechanical properties of the VG sheets. We show that fluorination can significantly enhance the reduced modulus of surfaces comprised of VG sheets. Samples with only similar to 3.5% fluorine had a reduced modulus approximately eight times higher than unfunctionalized VG sheets, which is attributed to sp(2) to sp(3) conversion and a change of the C-C bond length after functionalization. Fluorination also decreased the energy dissipation of the VG sheets and reduced their adhesion to the AFM tip. This method represents a unique approach towards modification of the mechanical properties of nanostructures without a significant increase in weight or change of the VG sheet morphology. C1 [Davami, Keivan; Jiang, Yijie; Lin, Chen; Cortes, John; Turner, Kevin T.; Bargatin, Igor] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Davami, Keivan] Widener Univ, Dept Mech Engn, One Univ Pl, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davami, K; Bargatin, I (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.; Davami, K (reprint author), Widener Univ, Dept Mech Engn, One Univ Pl, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM kdavami@seas.upenn.edu; bargatin@seas.upenn.edu FU Center of Excellence for Materials Research and Innovation (CEMRI) at the University of Pennsylvania, NSF [DMR-1120901]; School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania FX This work was supported by a seed grant of the Center of Excellence for Materials Research and Innovation (CEMRI) at the University of Pennsylvania, NSF grant DMR-1120901 and the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 14 BP 11161 EP 11166 DI 10.1039/c5ra25068d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DC9MJ UT WOS:000369545400012 ER PT J AU Lazzati, N Menichini, AA AF Lazzati, Natalia Menichini, Amilcar A. TI Hot Spot Policing: A Study of Place-Based Strategies for Crime Prevention SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE JEL Classification: D7; K4; R1 ID SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; NETWORKS; DECLINE AB Hot spot policing is a popular policing strategy that addresses crime by assigning limited police resources to areas where crimes are more highly concentrated. We analyze this strategy using a game theoretic approach. The main argument against focusing police resources on hot spots is that it would simply displace criminal activity from one area to another. We provide new insights on the nature of the displacement effect with useful implications for the empirical analysis of crime-reduction effects of police reallocation. We also propose alternative place-based policies that display attractive properties in terms of geographic spillovers of crime reduction via optimal police reallocation. C1 [Lazzati, Natalia; Menichini, Amilcar A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Econ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Menichini, Amilcar A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lazzati, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Econ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM nlazzati@ucsc.edu; amenichi@ucsc.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0038-4038 EI 2325-8012 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 82 IS 3 BP 893 EP 913 DI 10.1002/soej.12112 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA DD7BJ UT WOS:000370078400012 ER PT J AU Chang, C Alves, F Karunasiri, G AF Chang, Chris Alves, Fabio Karunasiri, Gamani TI Understanding of self-terminating pulse generation using silicon controlled rectifier and RC load SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article AB Recently a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)-based circuit that generates self-terminating voltage pulses was employed for the detection of light and ionizing radiation in pulse mode. The circuit consisted of a SCR connected in series with a RC load and DC bias. In this paper, we report the investigation of the physics underlying the pulsing mechanism of the SCR-based. It was found that during the switching of SCR, the voltage across the capacitor increased beyond that of the DC bias, thus generating a reverse current in the circuit, which helped to turn the SCR off. The pulsing was found to be sustainable only for a specific range of RC values depending on the SCR's intrinsic turn-on/off times. The findings of this work will help to design optimum SCR based circuits for pulse mode detection of light and ionizing radiation without external amplification circuitry. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Chang, Chris; Karunasiri, Gamani] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Alves, Fabio] NPS, Alion Sci & Technol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, C; Karunasiri, G (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.; Alves, F (reprint author), NPS, Alion Sci & Technol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chrischang81@gmail.com; falves@alionscience.com; karunasiri@nps.edu FU national consortium for MASINT research (NCMR) FX This work is supported in part by funding from the national consortium for MASINT research (NCMR). The authors would like to thank Sam Barone for technical support. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 AR 015209 DI 10.1063/1.4940305 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DC8AL UT WOS:000369442200047 ER PT J AU Charipar, NA Kim, H Mathews, SA Pique, A AF Charipar, Nicholas A. Kim, Heungsoo Mathews, Scott A. Pique, Alberto TI Broadband terahertz generation using the semiconductor-metal transition in VO2 SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; PULSES; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; EMISSION; ANTENNAS AB We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of broadband terahertz emitters based on the semiconductor-metal transition in thin film VO2 (vanadium dioxide). With the appropriate geometry, picosecond electrical pulses are generated by illuminating 120 nm thick VO2 with 280 fs pulses from a femtosecond laser. These ultrafast electrical pulses are used to drive a simple dipole antenna, generating broadband terahertz radiation. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Charipar, Nicholas A.; Kim, Heungsoo; Mathews, Scott A.; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charipar, NA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicholas.charipar@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 AR 015113 DI 10.1063/1.4941042 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DC8AL UT WOS:000369442200033 ER PT J AU Simionescu, A Stawarz, L Ichinohe, Y Cheung, CC Jamrozy, M Siemiginowska, A Hagino, K Gandhi, P Werner, N AF Simionescu, A. Stawarz, L. Ichinohe, Y. Cheung, C. C. Jamrozy, M. Siemiginowska, A. Hagino, K. Gandhi, P. Werner, N. TI SERENDIPITOUS DISCOVERY OF AN EXTENDED X-RAY JET WITHOUT A RADIO COUNTERPART IN A HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: individual (B3 0727+409); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SCALE JETS; EMISSION; CHANDRA; Z=4.3; GB-1508+5714; EVOLUTION AB A recent Chandra observation of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 585 has led to the discovery of an extended X-ray jet associated with the high-redshift background quasar B3 0727+ 409, a luminous radio source at redshift z = 2.5. This is one of only few examples of high-redshift X-ray jets known to date. It has a clear extension of about 12", corresponding to a projected length of similar to 100 kpc, with a possible hot spot located 35" from the quasar. The archival high resolution Very Large Array maps surprisingly reveal no extended jet emission, except for one knot about 1"4 from the quasar. The high X-ray to radio luminosity ratio for this source appears consistent with the alpha(1 + z)(4) amplification expected from the inverse Compton radiative model. This serendipitous discovery may signal the existence of an entire population of similar systems with bright X-ray and faint radio jets at high redshift, a selection bias that must be accounted for when drawing any conclusions about the redshift evolution of jet properties and indeed about the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes and active galactic nuclei in general. C1 [Simionescu, A.; Ichinohe, Y.; Hagino, K.] JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Jamrozy, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Ichinohe, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gandhi, P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Simionescu, A (reprint author), JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. OI , kouichi/0000-0003-4235-5304 FU Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083, DEC-2013/09/B/ST9/00599]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y, NAS8-03060, GO5-16127X] FX L.S. and M.J. were supported by Polish NSC grants DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083 and DEC-2013/09/B/ST9/00599, respectively. Y.I. acknowledges a Grant-in-Aid for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellows. C.C.C. was supported at NRL by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. A. Siemiginowska was supported by NASA contract NAS8-03060 to the Chandra X-ray Center. N.W. acknowledges NASA grant GO5-16127X. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 816 IS 1 AR L15 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L15 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC7AE UT WOS:000369369900015 ER PT J AU Ruiz, ON Brown, LM Striebich, RC Smart, CE Bowen, LL Lee, JS Little, BJ Mueller, SS Gunasekera, TS AF Ruiz, Oscar N. Brown, Lisa M. Striebich, Richard C. Smart, Caitlin E. Bowen, Loryn L. Lee, Jason S. Little, Brenda J. Mueller, Susan S. Gunasekera, Thusitha S. TI Effect of Conventional and Alternative Fuels on a Marine Bacterial Community and the Significance to Bioremediation SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; AVIATION FUEL; MARINOBACTER-HYDROCARBONOCLASTICUS; DIESEL FUEL; DYNAMICS; BIODEGRADATION AB Understanding the effect of conventional and alternative fuels on the marine bacterial community is crucial, as it pertains to the impact, biodegradation, and final fate of these fuels in the environment. Metagenomics analysis demonstrated that conventional and alternative fuels promoted the growth of Proteobacteria. Marinobacter and Desulfovibrio were predominant in seawater exposed to conventional jet propellant-5 (JP-5), while Hyphomonas and Rhodovulum were most abundant in seawater with hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel (HRJ) and conventional F-76 diesel, respectively. The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lentisphaerae were underrepresented in samples with fuel, and these phyla were largely comprised of unclassified bacteria. Culture-dependent tests isolated several of the same genera detected in high abundance by metagenomics DNA sequencing, including Marinobacter, Rhodovulum, and Halobacillus. Growth studies in fuel and gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that isolates grew in fuel and metabolized hydrocarbons efficiently. The hydrocarbon degradation profile of each bacterium was conserved from conventional to alternative fuels. The study indicated that bacteria must out-compete others to get established and proliferate. Competition between hydrocarbon degraders was an important factor affecting the bioremediation process. This study provides insights into the growth characteristics of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and the effects of fuel on marine bacterial communities. C1 [Ruiz, Oscar N.; Smart, Caitlin E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Lisa M.; Striebich, Richard C.; Bowen, Loryn L.; Mueller, Susan S.; Gunasekera, Thusitha S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lee, Jason S.; Little, Brenda J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39559 USA. RP Ruiz, ON (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Fuels & Energy Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Oscar.Ruiz@us.af.mil OI Smart, Caitlin/0000-0003-3444-3961 FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch; Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program [N0001412MP20120]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-2-2934] FX Research reported in this article was supported by funds from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Fuels and Energy Branch, and the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Alternative Energy and Fuels Program (Award number N0001412MP20120) to O.N.R. This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-10-2-2934. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02439 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DB6US UT WOS:000368651800049 ER PT J AU Eberle, CJ AF Eberle, Christopher J. TI Rights, Goods, and Proportionate War SO MONIST LA English DT Article AB One of the most difficult holdings of the Just War Tradition is the claim that a polity can have a fully sufficient just cause to wage war and yet be morally forbidden to do so. The Just War Tradition's ad bellum proportionality requirement is supposed to capture that fundamental, difficult truth. According to that proportionality requirement, a community may wage war in response to a violation that satisfies the just cause requirement only if the relevant goods achieved by so responding are proportionate to the relevant evils caused thereby. My main aim in this paper is to engage recent work by Thomas Hurka regarding what makes certain goods and evils relevant to a proportionality assessment. A secondary aim is to specify the place of ad bellum proportionality assessments in the Just War Tradition's overall justificatory architecture. As it turns out, an adequate understanding of the justificatory role of ad bellum proportionality assessments helps to delimit what makes certain goods and evils relevant to such assessments. C1 [Eberle, Christopher J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Eberle, CJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0026-9662 EI 2153-3601 J9 MONIST JI Monist PD JAN PY 2016 VL 99 IS 1 BP 70 EP 86 DI 10.1093/monist/onv030 PG 17 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA DC6SN UT WOS:000369350000006 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, CA Baroud, H Barker, K AF MacKenzie, Cameron A. Baroud, Hiba Barker, Kash TI Static and dynamic resource allocation models for recovery of interdependent systems: application to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Resource allocation; Risk management; Oil spill; Homeland security; Input-output ID INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE; OPTIMAL RELIABILITY; RISK; INOPERABILITY; DISASTERS; ALGORITHM; TERRORISM; SECURITY; ATTACKER AB Determining where and when to invest resources during and after a disruption can challenge policy makers and homeland security officials. Two decision models, one static and one dynamic, are proposed to determine the optimal resource allocation to facilitate the recovery of impacted industries after a disruption where the objective is to minimize the production losses due to the disruption. The paper presents necessary conditions for optimality for the static model and develops an algorithm that finds every possible solution that satisfies those necessary conditions. A deterministic branch-and-bound algorithm solves the dynamic model and relies on a convex relaxation of the dynamic optimization problem. Both models are applied to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which adversely impacted several industries in the Gulf region, such as fishing, tourism, real estate, and oil and gas. Results demonstrate the importance of allocating enough resources to stop the oil spill and clean up the oil, which reduces the economic loss across all industries. These models can be applied to different homeland security and disaster response situations to help governments and organizations decide among different resource allocation strategies during and after a disruption. C1 [MacKenzie, Cameron A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Baroud, Hiba; Barker, Kash] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP MacKenzie, CA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM camacken@nps.edu; hbaroud@ou.edu; kashbarker@ou.edu OI Barker, Kash/0000-0002-0142-1558 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [0927299] FX This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation, under award 0927299. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 EI 1572-9338 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 236 IS 1 SI SI BP 103 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10479-014-1696-1 PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DC0ZH UT WOS:000368946100006 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Gonzalez, JB Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonino, R Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caputo, R Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Cohen, JM Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cuoco, A Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Desiante, R Di Mauro, M Di Venere, L Dominguez, A Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Furniss, AK Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Iafrate, G Hartmann, D Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M La Mura, G Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Maldera, S Manfreda, A Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mirabal, N Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Romani, RW Sanchez-Conde, M Parkinson, PMS Schmid, J Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, M Takahashi, T Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Vianello, G Wood, KS Wood, M Yassine, M Zaharijas, G Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen, J. M. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cuoco, A. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Dominguez, A. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Furniss, A. K. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Iafrate, G. Hartmann, Dieter Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. La Mura, G. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mirabal, N. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Romani, R. W. Sanchez-Conde, M. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schmid, J. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, T. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yassine, M. Zaharijas, G. Zimmer, S. TI 2FHL: THE SECOND CATALOG OF HARD FERMI-LAT SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma-rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GALAXY SURVEY DATA; ENERGETIC PSR J1357-6429; REMNANT RCW 86; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SKY SURVEY; HESS AB We present a catalog of sources detected above 50 GeV by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) in 80 months of data. The newly delivered Pass. 8 event-level analysis allows the detection and characterization of sources in the 50 GeV-2 TeV energy range. In this energy band, Fermi-LAT. has detected 360 sources, which constitute the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT. sources (2FHL). The improved angular resolution enables the precise localization of point sources (similar to 1.' 7 radius at 68% C.L.) and the detection and characterization of spatially extended sources. We find that 86% of the sources can be associated with counterparts at other wavelengths, of which the majority (75%) are active galactic nuclei and the rest (11%) are Galactic sources. Only 25% of the 2FHL sources have been previously detected by Cherenkov telescopes, implying that the 2FHL provides a reservoir of candidates to be followed up at very high energies. This work closes the energy gap between the observations performed at GeV energies by Fermi-LAT. on orbit and the observations performed at higher energies by Cherenkov telescopes from the ground. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Dominguez, A.; Hartmann, Dieter] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Di Mauro, M.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Furniss, A. K.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Di Mauro, M.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Furniss, A. K.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.; Schmid, J.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Iafrate, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Chiaro, G.; La Mura, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Brandt, T. J.; Buson, S.; Cohen, J. M.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Mirabal, N.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Cohen, J. M.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Cohen, J. M.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.; Desiante, R.; Latronico, L.; Maldera, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Yassine, M.] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Buson, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Buson, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Buson, S.; Moiseev, A. A.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buson, S.; Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caragiulo, M.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Li, L.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, Piazza Trieste & Trento, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fortin, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Funk, S.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guillemot, L.] Univ Orleans, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, CNRS, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Guillemot, L.] CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay Observ Paris, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Iafrate, G.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kamae, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [La Mura, G.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [La Mura, G.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Mitthumsiri, W.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.; Takahashi, M.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Tibaldo, L.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Zaharijas, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. RP Gasparrini, D (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jcohen@astro.umd.edu; gasparrini@asdc.asi.it RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; OI Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Dominguez, Alberto/0000-0002-3433-4610; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; DI MAURO, MATTIA/0000-0003-2759-5625; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0002-6729-9022 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 87 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 222 IS 1 AR 5 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/222/1/5 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC1NF UT WOS:000368982300005 ER PT J AU Papineau, D De Gregorio, B Fearn, S Kilcoyne, D McMahon, G Purohit, R Fogel, M AF Papineau, D. De Gregorio, B. Fearn, S. Kilcoyne, D. McMahon, G. Purohit, R. Fogel, M. TI Nanoscale petrographic and geochemical insights on the origin of the Palaeoproterozoic stromatolitic phosphorites from Aravalli Supergroup, India SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-AGE CONSTRAINTS; TRANSMISSION X-RAY; PROTEROZOIC CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NITROGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION DAMAGE; EDIACARAN ANIMAL EMBRYOS; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; K-EDGE XANES; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Stromatolites composed of apatite occur in post-Lomagundi-Jatuli successions (late Palaeoproterozoic) and suggest the emergence of novel types of biomineralization at that time. The microscopic and nanoscopic petrology of organic matter in stromatolitic phosphorites might provide insights into the suite of diagenetic processes that formed these types of stromatolites. Correlated geochemical micro-analyses of the organic matter could also yield molecular, elemental and isotopic compositions and thus insights into the role of specific micro-organisms among these communities. Here, we report on the occurrence of nanoscopic disseminated organic matter in the Palaeoproterozoic stromatolitic phosphorite from the Aravalli Supergroup of north-west India. Organic petrography by micro-Raman and Transmission Electron Microscopy demonstrates syngeneity of the organic matter. Total organic carbon contents of these stromatolitic phosphorite columns are between 0.05 and 3.0 wt% and have a large range of C-13(org) values with an average of -18.5 parts per thousand (1 sigma=4.5 parts per thousand). N-15 values of decarbonated rock powders are between -1.2 and +2.7 parts per thousand. These isotopic compositions point to the important role of biological N-2-fixation and CO2-fixation by the pentose phosphate pathway consistent with a population of cyanobacteria. Microscopic spheroidal grains of apatite (MSGA) occur in association with calcite microspar in microbial mats from stromatolite columns and with chert in the core of diagenetic apatite rosettes. Organic matter extracted from the stromatolitic phosphorites contains a range of molecular functional group (e.g. carboxylic acid, alcohol, and aliphatic hydrocarbons) as well as nitrile and nitro groups as determined from C- and N-XANES spectra. The presence of organic nitrogen was independently confirmed by a CN- peak detected by ToF-SIMS. Nanoscale petrography and geochemistry allow for a refinement of the formation model for the accretion and phototrophic growth of stromatolites. The original microbial biomass is inferred to have been dominated by cyanobacteria, which might be an important contributor of organic matter in shallow-marine phosphorites. C1 [Papineau, D.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London, England. [Papineau, D.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. [De Gregorio, B.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fearn, S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat Sci, London, England. [Kilcoyne, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMahon, G.] Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Purohit, R.] Govt Coll Sirohi, Dept Geol, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India. [Fogel, M.] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA USA. RP Papineau, D (reprint author), UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London, England.; Papineau, D (reprint author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London, England. EM d.papineau@ucl.ac.uk RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; FU University College London; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Carnegie of Canada; WM Keck Foundation; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC09A]; NASA Early Career Fellowship [NNX12AG14G]; NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program [NX08AO16G]; Boston College; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge financial support for this work from the University College London, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie of Canada, WM Keck Foundation, NASA Astrobiology Institute (grant #NNA04CC09A), NASA Early Career Fellowship (grant #NNX12AG14G), NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program (grant #NNX08AO16G), and Boston College. We gratefully acknowledge the constructive review of three reviewers. STXM data was acquired at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy (under contract #DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 126 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1472-4677 EI 1472-4669 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 3 EP 32 DI 10.1111/gbi.12164 PG 30 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC2ZW UT WOS:000369089500001 PM 26490161 ER PT J AU He, ZF Mao, SW Kompella, S AF He, Zhifeng Mao, Shiwen Kompella, Sastry TI A Decomposition Approach to Quality-Driven Multiuser Video Streaming in Cellular Cognitive Radio Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Quality of service; cognitive radio networks; column generation; multiuser video streaming; optimization ID SPECTRUM ACCESS; TRANSMISSION; PRINCIPLE AB We tackle the challenging problem of streaming multiuser videos over the downlink of a cellular cognitive radio network (CRN), where each cognitive user (CU) can sense and access multiple channels at a time. Spectrum sensing, channel assignment, and power allocation strategies are jointly optimized to maximize the quality of service (QoS) for the CUs. We show that the formulated mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem can be decomposed into two subproblems: 1) SP1 for the optimal spectrum sensing strategy and 2) SP2 for the optimal channel assignment and power allocation, without sacrificing optimality. We show that SP1 can be optimally solved if there is no restriction on the sensing capability for each CU, and develop a column generation (CG)-based algorithm to solve SP2 iteratively in a distributed manner. We also develop a heuristic algorithm for spectrum sensing with greatly reduced requirement on CU hardware, while still achieving a highly competitive sensing performance. We analyze the proposed algorithms with respect to complexity and time efficiency, and derive a performance upper bound. The proposed algorithms are validated with simulations. C1 [He, Zhifeng; Mao, Shiwen] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP He, ZF; Mao, SW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.; Kompella, S (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zzh0008@tigermail.auburn.edu; smao@ieee.org; sk@ieee.org FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0953513]; Wireless Engineering Research and Education Center (WEREC), Auburn University FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CNS-0953513, and in part by the Wireless Engineering Research and Education Center (WEREC), Auburn University. This work was presented in part at the 11th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA, October 2014. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Yan Xin. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 728 EP 739 DI 10.1109/TWC.2015.2477509 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC1XD UT WOS:000369010600055 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Cowart, JS Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Cowart, Jim S. Trulove, Paul C. TI Density and Viscosity from 293.15 to 373.15 K, Speed of Sound and Bulk Modulus from 293.15 to 343.15 K, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Binary Mixtures of Bicyclohexyl and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene or Trans-decahydronaphthalene at 0.1 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTREATED RENEWABLE DIESEL; PLUS N-HEXADECANE; CIS-DECALIN; EXCESS VOLUMES; HIGH-PRESSURE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SURROGATE MIXTURE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; JET FUEL; TETRALIN AB In this work, the physical properties of binary mixtures of bicyclohexyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) or trans-decahydronaphthalene (trans-decalin) were measured. Densities and viscosities were measured at temperatures from 293.15 to 373.15 K, and speeds of sound were measured at temperatures from 293.15 to 343.15 K. At 303.15 K, pure component values of density (960.9, 878.93, 862.29 kg center dot m(-)3), viscosity (1.85, 3.18, 1.79 mPa center dot s), and speed of sound (1450.2, 1422.7, 1357.5 m center dot s(-1)) are consistent with literature values for tetralin, bicyclohexyl, and trans-decalin, respectively. Density mole fraction data were fit to second- or third-order polynomials. Viscosity mole fraction data were fit using the three-body McAllister model. The bulk modulus ranged from 1206 to 2149 MPa over 293.15 to 343.15 K. For tetralin mixtures, increasing tetralin increased density, speed of sound, bulk modulus, and surface tension and decreased viscosity and flash point. For trans-decalin mixtures, increasing trans-decalin decreased all properties measured. Increasing temperature decreased all properties values. At room temperature, surface tensions ranged from 30.5 to 35.6 mN center dot m(-1). Flash points ranged from 328.7 to 361.2 K. These data are useful for comparing the properties of mixtures of components of coal and wood-based liquid fuels with those of petroleum-based fuels. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Kinnear Fellowship FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research and a Kinnear Fellowship awarded to D.J.L.P. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 650 EP 661 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00790 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA DB5OX UT WOS:000368564600076 ER PT J AU Wang, FG Young, SM Zheng, F Grinberg, I Rappe, AM AF Wang, Fenggong Young, Steve M. Zheng, Fan Grinberg, Ilya Rappe, Andrew M. TI Substantial bulk photovoltaic effect enhancement via nanolayering SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BIFEO3; FERROELECTRICS; CRYSTALS; OXIDES; BEHAVIOR; PBTIO3 AB Spontaneous polarization and inversion symmetry breaking in ferroelectric materials lead to their use as photovoltaic devices. However, further advancement of their applications are hindered by the paucity of ways of reducing bandgaps and enhancing photocurrent. By unravelling the correlation between ferroelectric materials' responses to solar irradiation and their local structure and electric polarization landscapes, here we show from first principles that substantial bulk photovoltaic effect enhancement can be achieved by nanolayering PbTiO3 with nickel ions and oxygen vacancies ((PbNiO2)(x)(PbTiO3)(1 - x)). The enhancement of the total photocurrent for different spacings between the Ni-containing layers can be as high as 43 times due to a smaller bandgap and photocurrent direction alignment for all absorption energies. This is due to the electrostatic effect that arises from nanolayering. This opens up the possibility for control of the bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric materials by nanoscale engineering of their structure and composition. C1 [Wang, Fenggong; Zheng, Fan; Grinberg, Ilya; Rappe, Andrew M.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Makineni Theoret Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Young, Steve M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, FG; Rappe, AM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Makineni Theoret Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM fenggong@sas.upenn.edu; rappe@sas.upenn.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1124696, CMMI-1334241]; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46431]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-1033, N00014-11-1-0664] FX F.W. was supported by the National Science Foundation, under Grant DMR-1124696. S.M.Y. was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant DE-FG02-07ER46431, and a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Naval Research Laboratory. F.Z. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-1334241. I.G. was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-12-1-1033. A.M.R. was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-11-1-0664. Computational support was provided by the High-Performance Computing Modernization Office of the Department of Defense and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center of the Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 19 U2 77 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10419 DI 10.1038/ncomms10419 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2BQ UT WOS:000369022600002 PM 26791545 ER PT S AU North, SH Taitt, CR AF North, Stella H. Taitt, Chris R. BE Cretich, M Chiari, M TI Secondary Structure Determination of Peptides and Proteins After Immobilization SO PEPTIDE MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, 2ND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Circular dichroism; CD spectroscopy; Antimicrobial peptide; Bioimmobilization; Peptide structure; Secondary structure; Quaternary structure ID DIFFERENT INTERFACIAL BEHAVIORS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CHOLERA-TOXIN; SURFACE; CECROPIN; ARRAYS; MICROARRAYS; CHEMISTRY; BIOSENSOR; MEMBRANE AB The presentation of immobilized peptides and other small biomolecules attached to surfaces can be greatly affected by the attachment chemistry and linking moieties, resulting in altered activity and specificity. For this reason, it is critical to understand how the various aspects of surface immobilization-underlying substrate properties, tether structure, and site of linkage-affect the secondary and quaternary structures of the immobilized species. Here, we present methods for attaching cysteine-containing peptides to quartz surfaces and determining the secondary structure of surface-immobilized peptides. We specifically show that, even when covalently immobilized, changes in peptide conformation can still occur, with measurement occurring in real time. C1 [North, Stella H.; Taitt, Chris R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [North, Stella H.] Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC USA. RP North, SH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.; North, SH (reprint author), Latham & Watkins LLP, Washington, DC USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3037-1; 978-1-4939-3036-4 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1352 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BE2EL UT WOS:000369089000005 PM 26490466 ER PT S AU Shriver-Lake, LC Anderson, GP Taitt, CR AF Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Anderson, George P. Taitt, Chris R. BE Cretich, M Chiari, M TI Oriented Peptide Immobilization on Microspheres SO PEPTIDE MICROARRAYS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, 2ND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Antimicrobial peptide; Bioimmobilization; Bead-based flow cytometry; Luminex ID PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ANTIBODIES; SURFACE; ARRAYS; MICROARRAYS; ASSAYS; ACID AB Reproducible immobilization of peptides and proteins on microsphere surfaces is a critical factor for optimal sensitivity and selectivity in bead-based assays. However, peptides with unusually large numbers of lysine residues-whose amines are targeted in the most common microsphere immobilization chemistries-may be particularly challenging to use in bead-based arrays, as they may lose activity through multipoint attachments and incorrect presentation. For this reason, it is imperative to achieve site-directed attachment chemistry, such that a single site of attachment provides reproducibly oriented peptides on the microsphere surface. This can be achieved by inserting a unique targetable residue, such as a cysteine. Here, we present methods for attaching cysteine-containing peptides to standard carboxy-functionalized microsphere surfaces using thiol-rather than amine-directed chemistries. We show that the presence of a cationic detergent (CTAB) and a "passivating" agent such as beta-mercaptoethanol facilitates improved bead recovery after peptide immobilization and may enhance functionality of the attached peptides. C1 [Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Anderson, George P.; Taitt, Chris R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3037-1; 978-1-4939-3036-4 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1352 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3037-1 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BE2EL UT WOS:000369089000015 PM 26490476 ER PT J AU Kioseoglou, G Korkusinski, M Scrace, T Hanbicki, AT Currie, M Jonker, BT Petrou, A Hawrylak, P AF Kioseoglou, G. Korkusinski, M. Scrace, T. Hanbicki, A. T. Currie, M. Jonker, B. T. Petrou, A. Hawrylak, P. TI Spin effects in MoS2 and WS2 single layers SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE two-dimensional materials; MoS2; WS2; intervalley scattering; valley-polarized states; trions ID EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY; VALLEY POLARIZATION; MONOLAYER MOS2; MONO LAYER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; WSE2; DISULFIDE; STATES AB Replacing the two sublattices of carbon atoms in graphene with transition metal atoms and chalcogenide dimers results in single layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). TMDCs are promising new materials for light and energy harvesting, transistors, sensors and quantum information processing. One way to access the distinctive functionality of these materials is via their optical selection rules. In particular, light with positive or negative helicity is absorbed differently, therefore, understanding the interaction of circularly polarized light with various TMDCs should enable future applications. Using the examples of MoS2 and WS2 we summarize some recent results that illustrate the potential of these materials. First, when optically excited with circularly polarized light, single layers of MoS2 can emit light with an appreciable polarization. Depolarization mechanisms can be subsequently explored by monitoring the polarization of emitted photoluminescence as a function of the excess energy supplied to the system. As the energy of the pumping light increases further from the emission channel, the emission quickly becomes depolarized. The dominant relaxation mechanism is identified as phonon-assisted intervalley scattering. In single layers of WS2 containing electron gas, the main emission channel is from negatively charged excitons, or trions. In the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas this trion emission is circularly polarized at zero magnetic field, even when excited with linearly polarized light. This spontaneous circular polarization of the trion has a linear dependence on magnetic field and can be attributed to the existence of a valley polarized state of the two-dimensional electron gas. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Kioseoglou, G.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Kioseoglou, G.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Korkusinski, M.; Hawrylak, P.] CNR, Emerging Technol Div, Quantum Theory Grp, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Scrace, T.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Hanbicki, A. T.; Currie, M.; Jonker, B. T.; Petrou, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hawrylak, P.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Kioseoglou, G (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Greece. EM gnk@materials.uoc.gr FU Naval Research Laboratory; NRL; NRL Nanoscience Institute; Office of Naval Research; NSERC FX GK gratefully acknowledges the hospitality and support of the Naval Research Laboratory where the experiments presented in Section 2 were performed. This work was supported by core programs at NRL and the NRL Nanoscience Institute. Work at SUNY Buffalo has been supported by the Office of Naval Research. PH acknowledges support from NSERC. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 26 U2 84 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6254 EI 1862-6270 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1002/pssr.201510291 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA DB9CT UT WOS:000368814500012 ER PT J AU Weekley, JD de Laat, C AF Weekley, Jeffrey D. de Laat, Cees TI CineGrid, high quality media streaming and processing on advanced photonic networks SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECIAL SECTION; OPTIPUTER C1 [Weekley, Jeffrey D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Res Fac, Monterey, CA USA. [de Laat, Cees] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Inst Informat, Syst & Network Engn SNE Lab, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP de Laat, C (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Inst Informat, Syst & Network Engn SNE Lab, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM delaat@uva.nl NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.future.2015.07.011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA DB3AZ UT WOS:000368383200022 ER PT J AU Griffiths, J Ray, J AF Griffiths, J. Ray, J. TI Impacts of GNSS position offsets on global frame stability SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time-series analysis; Satellite geodesy; Reference systems; Sea level change; Earth rotation variations; Plate motions ID DEFORMATION; ERRORS AB While it has been known for some time that offsets in the time-series of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position estimates degrade station velocity determinations, the magnitude of the effect has not been clear. Using products of the International GNSS Service (IGS), we assess the impact empirically by injecting progressively larger numbers of artificial offsets and solving for a series of long-term secular GNSS frames. Our results show that the stability of the IGS global frame datum is fairly robust, with significant effects at the formal error level only for the R-x (and Y-pole) and R-z rotational orientations. On the other hand, station velocity estimates are more seriously affected, especially the vertical component. For the typical IGS station, the mean vertical rate uncertainty is already limited to 0.34 mm yr(--1) for the current set of position discontinuities. If the number of breaks doubles, which might occur using newer detection schemes, then that uncertainty will worsen by similar to 40 per cent to 0.48 mm yr(--1). This error source is generally a more important component of realistic velocity uncertainties than any other, including accounting for temporal correlations in the GNSS data. The only way to improve future GNSS velocity estimates is to severely limit manmade displacements at the tracking stations. C1 [Griffiths, J.] US Navy, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, J.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Griffiths, J (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jake.griffiths@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv455 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QS UT WOS:000368427000030 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST Li, L AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Li, Li TI Feasibility of estimating leaf water content using spectral indices from WorldView-3 ' s near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES MODEL; HYPERSPECTRAL INDEXES; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID WATER; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; LANDSAT; IMAGERY; CANOPY AB A recently-launched high-resolution commercial satellite, DigitalGlobe's WorldView-3, has 8 bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength region, which may be capable of estimating canopy water content at 3.7-m spatial resolution. WorldView-3 also has 8 multispectral bands at 1.24-m resolution with two bands in the near-infrared (NIR). The relative spectral response functions for WorldView-3 were provided by DigitalGlobe, Inc., and band reflectances were determined for reflectance spectra of PROSPECT model simulations and leaf data from maize, trees, grasses, and broadleaf herbaceous eudicots. For laboratory measurements, the range of leaf water contents was extended by including drying leaves and leaf stacks of corn, soybean, oaks, and maples. Correlations between leaf water content and spectral indices from model simulations suggested that indices using SWIR band 1 (center wavelength 1210 nm) had low variability with respect to leaf water content, but also low sensitivity. Other indices using SWIR band 5 (2165 nm) had the highest sensitivity, but also had high variability caused by different values of the leaf structure parameter in PROSPECT. Indices using SWIR bands 2, 3 and 4 (1570, 1660, and 1730 nm, respectively) had high correlations and intermediate variability from the leaf structure parameter. Spectral indices calculated from the leaf data had the same overall patterns as the simulations for variation and sensitivity; however, indices using SWIR band 1 had low correlations, and the best correlations were from indices that used SWIR bands 2, 3 and 4. Spectral indices for maize, grasses, and herbaceous crops and weeds had similar responses to leaf water content; tree leaves had higher index values and saturated at lower leaf water contents. The specified width of NIR band 2 (860-1040 nm) overlaps the water absorption feature at 970 nm wavelength; however, the normalized difference of NIR band 1 and 2 was insensitive to water content because NIR band 2's spectral response was most heavily weighted to wavelengths less than 930 nm. The high spatial resolution of the WorldView-3 SWIR data will help analyze how variation among plant species and functional groups affects spectral responses to differences in canopy water content. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 2 BP 388 EP 402 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1128575 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DB7VL UT WOS:000368724700008 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, Paul A. TI Fetch- and Duration-Limited Nature of Surface Wave Growth inside Tropical Cyclones: With Applications to Air-Sea Exchange and Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Hurricanes; Waves; oceanic; Wind waves; Observational techniques and algorithms; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; OCEAN; HURRICANES; SPECTRA; MODEL; SCATTEROMETRY; SIMILARITY; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION AB The 2D wavenumber spectra collected by an airborne scanning radar altimeter in hurricane hunter missions are used to investigate the fetch- and duration-limited nature of wave growth inside hurricanes. Despite the much more complex wind-forcing conditions, the dimensionless growth curves obtained with the wind-wave triplets (reference wind velocity, significant wave height, and dominant wave period) inside hurricanes, except near the eye region, are comparable to the reference similarity counterparts constructed with the wind-wave triplets collected in field experiments conducted under ideal quasi-steady fetch-limited conditions. In dimensionless terms, the youngest waves are in the back quarter of the hurricane. In the Northern Hemisphere, the dimensionless frequency decreases systematically counterclockwise (CCW), and the most mature waves are in the left-hand sector. Except for those waves near the eye region, the dominant wave phase speeds are about 0.32 to 0.71 times of the local wind speed, and they are proper wind seas. Based on the computation of the wind input or energy dissipation in the wave field, a conservative estimate of the air-sea energy exchange over the coverage area of a category one hurricane is about 5 TW. Formulas for the effective fetches and durations in the three hurricane sectors are derived from the data. Using these formulas together with the wave growth functions, the full set of wind-wave triplets can be calculated knowing only one of the three. These results may enhance the capability and scope of monitoring hurricanes from space. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (NRL Program Elements) [61153N] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL Program Elements 61153N). Datasets used in this analysis are given in the references cited. The processing codes and data segments can also be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0173.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DB6LR UT WOS:000368627000001 ER PT J AU Skerker, M AF Skerker, Michael TI Mainstreaming Torture: Ethical Approaches in the Post 9/11 United States SO JOURNAL OF RELIGION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Skerker, Michael] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Skerker, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-4189 EI 1549-6538 J9 J RELIG JI J. Relig. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 96 IS 1 BP 136 EP 137 PG 2 WC Religion SC Religion GA DB5NC UT WOS:000368559900011 ER PT J AU Frolov, S Bishop, CH Holt, T Cummings, J Kuhl, D AF Frolov, Sergey Bishop, Craig H. Holt, Teddy Cummings, James Kuhl, David TI Facilitating Strongly Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Data Assimilation with an Interface Solver SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRANSFORM; MODEL; CONSTRUCTION; COAMPS; NCEP AB In a strongly coupled data assimilation (DA), a cross-fluid covariance is specified that allows measurements from a coupled fluid (e.g., atmosphere) to directly impact analysis increments in a target fluid (e.g., ocean). The exhaustive solution to this coupled DA problem calls for a covariance where all available measurements can influence all grid points in all fluids. Solution of such a large algebraic problem is computationally expensive, often calls for a substantial rewrite of existing fluid-specific DA systems, and, as shown in this paper, can be avoided.The proposed interface solver assumes that covariances between coupled measurements and target fluid are often close to null (e.g., between stratospheric observations and the deep ocean within a 6-h forecast cycle). In the interface solver, two separate DA solvers are run in parallel: one that produces an analysis solution in the atmosphere, and one in the ocean. Each system uses a coupled observation vector where in addition to resident measurements in the target fluid it also includes nonresident measurements in the coupled fluid that are likely to have significant influence on the analysis in the target fluid (interface measurements). An ensemble-based method is employed and a localization function for coupled ensembles is proposed. Using a coupled model for the Mediterranean Sea (in a twin setting), it is demonstrated that (i) the solution of the interface solver converges to the exhaustive solution and (ii) that in presence of poorly known error covariances, the interface solver can be configured to produce a more accurate solution than an exhaustive solver. C1 [Frolov, Sergey] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bishop, Craig H.; Holt, Teddy] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Cummings, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kuhl, David] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frolov, S (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sergey.frolov.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001412WX20323] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Award N0001412WX20323. We are grateful to Keith Sashegyi formally of NRL-MRY for his support with the atmospheric 3DVAR software. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0041.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6MN UT WOS:000368629200001 ER PT J AU Janiga, MA Thorncroft, CD AF Janiga, Matthew A. Thorncroft, Chris D. TI The Influence of African Easterly Waves on Convection over Tropical Africa and the East Atlantic SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Africa; Circulation; Dynamics; Clouds; Mesoscale systems; Waves; atmospheric; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; WEST-AFRICA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DEEP CONVECTION; DIURNAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; EQUATORIAL WAVES; WATER-VAPOR; PART II AB Using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the modulation of convection by African easterly waves (AEWs) is investigated over regions of the east Atlantic and tropical Africa. To explain the modulation of convection, the large-scale environment (lift, moisture, conditional instability, and shear) is also examined as a function of AEW phase in each region.Over semiarid portions of tropical Africa, unconditional rain rates are greatest in the northerly phase of AEWs due to the strong adiabatic forcing for ascent. Along the Guinea Coast, the western coast of Africa, and over the east Atlanticwhere forcing for ascent is weakerrainfall is shifted toward the trough where the air is moist. Significant contrasts in the characteristics of convection as a function of AEW phasecomparable in magnitude to regional contrastsare also observed. In all regions, large and high echo-top convective systems are more sensitive to AEW phase than small and low echo-top systems. In semiarid regions, deep convection and large high echo-top convective systems account for a large fraction of the rainfall in the ridge and northerlies. Stratiform and small low echo-top convective systems dominate in the trough and southerlies. Convective system height and conditional rain rates increase with conditional instability and system sizes may increase with shear. Over the east Atlantic, stratiform fractions and convective system sizes and echo-top heights are greatest in the trough while the ridge is dominated by shallow convection. This is primarily related to the presence of moist air in the trough and dry air in the ridge. C1 [Janiga, Matthew A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thorncroft, Chris D.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Janiga, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.; Janiga, MA (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.; Janiga, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM matthew.janiga.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0732255, AGS-1321568] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on this manuscript. TRMM data used in this study were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The ECMWF reanalysis data were obtained from the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0732255 and AGS-1321568. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 171 EP 192 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00419.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6MX UT WOS:000368630200001 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Gunning, B Feigelson, BN Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Doolittle, WA AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Gunning, Brendan Feigelson, Boris N. Anderson, Travis J. Koehler, Andrew D. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. Doolittle, W. Alan TI Defect Reduction in MBE-Grown AlN by Multicycle Rapid Thermal Annealing SO ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AlN; Annealing; RTA; x-ray diffraction; atomic force microscopy; raman spectroscopy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; TEMPERATURE; SAPPHIRE; FILMS; ACTIVATION; LAYER AB Multicycle rapid thermal annealing (MRTA) is shown to reduce the defect density of molecular beam epitaxially grown AN films. No damage to the AN surface occurred after performing the MRTA process at 1520 degrees C. However, the individual grain structure was altered, with the emergence of step edges. This change in grain structure and diffusion of AlN resulted in an improvement in the crystalline structure. The Raman E-2 linewidth decreased, confirming an improvement in crystal quality. The optical band edge of the AlN maintained the expected value of 6.2 eV throughout MRTA annealing, and the band edge sharpened after MRTA annealing at increased temperatures, providing further evidence of crystalline improvement X-ray diffraction shows a substantial improvement in the (002) and (102) rocking curve FWHM for both the 1400 and 1520 degrees C MRTA annealing conditions compared to the as-grown films, indicating that the screw and edge type dislocation densities decreased. Overall, the MRTA post-growth annealing of AN lowers defect density, and thus will be a key step to improving optoelectronic and power electronic devices. C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gunning, Brendan; Doolittle, W. Alan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Feigelson, Boris N.; Anderson, Travis J.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jordan.greenlee.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA [EEC-1041895]; Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR0000470]; Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The work at Georgia Institute of Technology is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA No. EEC-1041895. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of NSF or DOE. The information, data, or work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000470.; This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA KIM BLDG 6TH FLOOR, SEOCHO-DAERO 56 GIL 38, SEOCHO-GU, SEOUL 137-881, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-8090 EI 2093-6788 J9 ELECTRON MATER LETT JI Electron. Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s13391-015-5270-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DA8GS UT WOS:000368043700018 ER PT J AU Brensinger, K Rollman, C Copper, C Genzman, A Rine, J Lurie, I Moini, M AF Brensinger, Karen Rollman, Christopher Copper, Christine Genzman, Ashton Rine, Jacqueline Lurie, Ira Moini, Mehdi TI Novel CE-MS technique for detection of high explosives using perfluorooctanoic acid as a MEKC and mass spectrometric complexation reagent SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE High explosives; CE-MS; MEKC; Perfluorooctanoic acid complexation reagent; Sand analysis ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASSISTED CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRACE ANALYSIS; GAS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; IMPACT; WATER; RDX AB To address the need for the forensic analysis of high explosives, a novel capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) technique has been developed for high resolution, sensitivity, and mass accuracy detection of these compounds. The technique uses perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as both a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) reagent for separation of neutral explosives and as the complexation reagent for mass spectrometric detection of PFOA-explosive complexes in the negative ion mode. High explosives that formed complexes with PFOA included RDX, HMX, tetryl, and PETN. Some nitroaromatics were detected as molecular ions. Detection limits in the high parts per billion range and linear calibration responses over two orders of magnitude were obtained. For proof of concept, the technique was applied to the quantitative analysis of high explosives in sand samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brensinger, Karen; Rollman, Christopher; Lurie, Ira; Moini, Mehdi] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Copper, Christine; Genzman, Ashton; Rine, Jacqueline] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moini, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM kbrensinger@gmail.com; Rollmanc@gwu.edu; ccopper@usna.edu; m152502@usna.edu; m155820@usna.edu; ISLurie@gwu.ed; moinim@gwu.edu FU US Naval Academy; Office of Naval Research; George Washington University; National Science Foundation [CHE 1440849] FX This research group would like to acknowledge the US Naval Academy, the Office of Naval Research, and The George Washington University for the financial support and for use of the laboratory space to conduct this research. Also, thank you to Katie Laughery and the CARA-MEL facility for providing sand samples, and for her insight and guidance on explosives analysis. Work in the Moini Lab was partly supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number CHE 1440849 regarding developing techniques for better CE-MS separation. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 258 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.11.007 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DA7VC UT WOS:000368011800011 PM 26666592 ER PT J AU Scholnik, DP AF Scholnik, Dan P. TI A Parameterized Pattern-Error Objective for Large-Scale Phase-Only Array Pattern Design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna radiation patterns; optimization; phased arrays; transmitting antennas ID FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORMS; NONEQUISPACED DATA; ANTENNA; REFLECTARRAYS; TRANSMITTERS; OPTIMIZATION; PERTURBATION; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; EFFICIENT AB Modern phased-array radar systems increasingly require customized transmit patterns, implemented using only phase shifts, to illuminate or suppress interference from specific regions. Multiple custom patterns may be required at every beam position, requiring either precomputation of a large library of phase weights or real-time computation. Presented here is a weighted pattern-error formulation that offers efficient FFT-based calculation of both the objective and its gradient vector and is well suited for solving with efficient quasi-Newton methods. Although deliberately simple, the objective has several heuristic parameters for flexibility and can be used to simultaneously customize the mainbeam shape and selectively suppress the sidelobes. Examples demonstrate the feasibility of 1000+ element 2-D array designs, as well as a characterization of point nulls that commonly occur in the mainbeam of suboptimal local minima. C1 [Scholnik, Dan P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scholnik@nrl.navy.m FU Office of Naval Research under NRL FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under an NRL 6.1 Base Program. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 64 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2500239 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DA6YR UT WOS:000367952300011 ER PT J AU Swanson, RL Bauer, CL Wilson, RE Rose, PS O'Connell, C AF Swanson, R. Lawrence Bauer, Cassandra L. Wilson, Robert E. Rose, Paula S. O'Connell, Christine TI Physical Processes Contributing to Localized, Seasonal Hypoxic Conditions in the Bottom Waters of Smithtown Bay, Long Island Sound, New York SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oxygen depletion; water-column stratification; Brunt-Vaisala; sluggish circulation; residence time ID OXYGEN DEPLETION; CURRENTS AB Summertime hypoxia regularly occurs in the bottom waters of Smithtown Bay, Long Island Sound, New York. Hypoxia is plaguing many coastal estuaries and can be detrimental to aquatic organisms. A generally accepted model for the cause of coastal hypoxia in temperate regions is seen in the introduction of anthropogenic nutrients, which fuels excessive primary production, leading to oxygen depletion exacerbated by seasonal water-column stratification. No major point sources of anthropogenic nitrogen discharge directly into the bay. Groundwater nitrogen discharge is somewhat more than double that of a small sewage treatment plant. Despite great efforts to reduce nitrogen loading into Long Island Sound, summertime hypoxia is a continuing occurrence in Smithtown Bay. Hydrographic cruises accompanied by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements were conducted during the summers of 2004,2009, and 2010 to explore physical processes that contribute to hypoxic conditions occurring there. While hypoxia remains seasonally prevalent in the bay, the deeper surrounding bottom waters have considerably higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen. This study examines physical oceanographic contributions to hypoxia in the bay and determines that the problem is more complex than the introduction of anthropogenic nitrogen. Thermally controlled stratification with pycnoclines at middepths inhibit vertical mixing and replenishment of dissolved oxygen to bottom waters. The two headlands that form the bay, Crane Neck and Eatons Neck, create circulation patterns that inhibit lateral advection between the bay and the rest of the Sound. This results in weak currents and bottom stress within the bay and a limited exchange of water masses over a tidal cycle. Furthermore, the headland gyre setting increases the residence time in Smithtown Bay. C1 [Swanson, R. Lawrence; Wilson, Robert E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bauer, Cassandra L.] Marine Resources Bur, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, East Setauket, NY 11733 USA. [Rose, Paula S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Connell, Christine] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Journalism, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Swanson, RL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM larry.swanson@stonybrook.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Bureau of Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) FX This work was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, for which Dr. Carmela Cuomo was the principal investigator. We appreciate her insight and assistance. The 2004 cruise was supported by the Bureau of Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC). We want to express our gratitude to Karen Chytalo, Bureau of Marine Resources, NYS DEC, who really got this project off the ground. Thanks also to the crew of SoMAS's R / V SEAWOLF, and particularly to Captains Steve Cluett and Dave Bowman, for all their help and excessively long hours. David Hirschberg greatly assisted us in prepping and analyzing our nutrient samples. We are also deeply grateful to Bonnie Stephens for editing and typing various versions of this manuscript and to Kaitlin Willig for helping with rigorous formatting of the figures and text. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00118.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DB0UA UT WOS:000368221800007 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Vurgaftman, I Tischler, JG Glembocki, OJ Owrutsky, JC Reinecke, TL AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Vurgaftman, Igor Tischler, Joseph G. Glembocki, Orest J. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Reinecke, Thomas L. TI Atomic-scale photonic hybrids for mid-infrared and terahertz nanophotonics SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; NATURAL HYPERBOLIC MATERIAL; LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTION; PHONON-POLARITONS; NANOSTRUCTURED GRAPHENE; PLASMONS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB The field of nanophotonics focuses on the ability to confine light to nanoscale dimensions, typically much smaller than the wavelength of light. The goal is to develop light-based technologies that are impossible with traditional optics. Subdiffractional confinement can be achieved using either surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) or surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs). SPPs can provide a gate-tunable, broad-bandwidth response, but suffer from high optical losses; whereas SPhPs offer a relatively low-loss, crystal-dependent optical response, but only over a narrow spectral range, with limited opportunities for active tunability. Here, motivated by the recent results from monolayer graphene and multilayer hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures, we discuss the potential of electromagnetic hybrids - materials incorporating mixtures of SPPs and SPhPs - for overcoming the limitations of the individual polaritons. Furthermore, we also propose a new type of atomic-scale hybrid - the crystalline hybrid - where mixtures of two or more atomic-scale (similar to 3 nm or less) polar dielectric materials lead to the creation of a new material resulting from hybridized optic phonon behaviour of the constituents, potentially allowing direct control over the dielectric function. These atomic-scale hybrids expand the toolkit of materials for mid-infrared to terahertz nanophotonics and could enable the creation of novel actively tunable, yet low-loss optics at the nanoscale. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Tischler, Joseph G.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Reinecke, Thomas L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors express their thanks to D. S. Katzer, C. Ellis, A. Giles, D. Storm, V. Wheeler, J. Hite, N. Bassim and J. Robinson for helpful discussions and assistance with some of the images in the figures. Funding for all authors was provided by the Office of Naval Research and was administered by the Naval Research Laboratory Nanoscience Institute. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 33 U2 120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.305 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DA5JO UT WOS:000367839600006 PM 26740039 ER PT J AU Iliopoulos, A Michopoulos, JG AF Iliopoulos, Athanasios Michopoulos, John G. TI On the feasibility of crack propagation tracking and full field strain imaging via a strain compatibility functional and the Direct Strain Imaging method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Full field measurement; Strain; Direct Strain Imaging; Crack detection; Propagation; Mesh free ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; LEVEL SETS; GROWTH; IMPLEMENTATION; DISPLACEMENT; INSTABILITY; CRITERION; EXTENSION; TIP AB The simultaneous tracking of the trajectory of a moving crack along with the measurement of the corresponding full field strain fields associated with this motion due to quasi-static or dynamic impact loading, is a problem of high interest from both the perspectives of the engineering practice and engineering science alike. However, full field optical methodologies have not yet been able to address the issues arising in experiments with moving boundaries such as dynamically evolving cracks. Such a problem requires solving simultaneously the problem of identifying the dynamically evolving geometry of the cracks as well as the problem of introducing these cracks into the full-field representation of a relevant full field method. In the present work we are introducing a methodology that can solve this problem. Specifically, we describe an optical method that can be used to detect dynamically evolving discontinuities on the surface of a body even if they are invisible to the eye, by using a strain compatibility functional that makes no continuity assumptions about the underlying medium. The relevant data from this process are then introduced in a full field representation that leads to an acceptable estimation of the discontinuous strain field. The proposed method is based on the recently introduced Direct Strain Imaging method that can be used to visualize and quantify the full fields of the strain tensor components. Synthetic numerical experiments were performed to generate synthetic crack propagation data along with the associated strain fields in order to assess the feasibility of the proposed method. The approach employed for this purpose was that of applying the extended finite element method to solve the problem of a propagating crack in an elastic medium with inclusions and holes under quasi-static tension. Finally, we present the results of detecting the synthetically produced crack trajectory as well as the relevant strain fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Code 6394, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the support by the Office of Naval Research through the 6.1 core funding of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 87 SI SI BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.03.006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DA5RZ UT WOS:000367861500017 ER PT J AU Patridge, CJ Love, CT Ramaker, DE AF Patridge, Christopher J. Love, Corey T. Ramaker, David E. TI Utilization of heavy alkali dopants as a beacon to study the cathode electrolyte decomposition layer in lithium-ion batteries SO IONICS LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion battery; Electrolyte decomposition layer; Solid electrolyte interphase; XPS; XANES ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONATE-BASED ELECTROLYTES; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; ELECTRODE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; LICOO2; INTERPHASE; XPS AB We introduce low levels of CsClO4 and RbClO4 into the electrolyte of LiCoO2 electrochemical half-cells to probe the composition of the passivation film on the surface of the cathode, the electrolyte decomposition layer (EDL). The advantages of these heavy alkali dopants lie in their large ionic radii, which limit intercalation, yet their strong light scattering cross-section creates a beacon that highlights the formation of products near the cathode surface. Detailed surface analysis and depth profiling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and bulk analysis utilizing X-ray absorption spectroscopy, show evidence for the formation of Cs/Rb compounds, such as carbonates, halides, and perchlorates, similar to those formed by lithium in previous studies, but also reveal the significantly reduced mobility of the Cs/Rb relative to Li in the non-uniform EDL. This unique approach could open several presently untapped techniques to gather new information on the EDL in Li-ion batteries. C1 [Patridge, Christopher J.; Love, Corey T.; Ramaker, David E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Patridge, Christopher J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM corey.love@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0947-7047 EI 1862-0760 J9 IONICS JI Ionics PD JAN PY 2016 VL 22 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11581-015-1519-7 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA DA5ZY UT WOS:000367882600005 ER PT J AU Wing, V AF Wing, Vern TI Derivation and implications of patient condition estimates SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Modeling and simulation; patient condition occurrence frequency; casualty estimates; probability distribution; patient stream AB Computer-based medical materiel item estimation is accomplished by clinically coupling injuries and illnesses to the supplies necessary to treat these conditions. In a relatively straightforward way, the materiel necessary to treat a stream of patients can be calculated by summing across the supplies necessary for each malady in any given patient stream. This method was formalized by the Naval Health Research Center in the patented process embodied in the Estimating Supplies Program. The success of this method depends on an accurate probability estimate for the occurrence of each illness and trauma. There are several methods for estimating these discrete probabilities. This paper documents and defines the various types of estimates and explains the differences between them to reduce confusion and to standardize nomenclature. C1 [Wing, Vern] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Wing, V (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM vern.wing@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1177/1548512915574146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA5IF UT WOS:000367836000002 ER PT J AU Fox, WP Ormond, B Williams, A AF Fox, William P. Ormond, Brendan Williams, Alex TI Ranking terrorist targets using a hybrid AHP-TOPSIS methodology SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Ranking terrorist targets; technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution; analytical hierarchy process; criteria weights; pairwise comparisons; sensitivity analysis ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING; PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT; ROBOT SELECTION; SENSITIVITY; MODELS AB We present a methodology and an example of preparing an order of merit list to rank terrorist targets based upon decision-maker weights. We used an old terrorist data set as our base data to keep the information unclassified. This data is used to demonstrate this methodology. We perform numerical iterative criteria weight sensitivity analysis to show the effects on the model's outputs in changes in the weights. We identify the critical criterion. C1 [Fox, William P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ormond, Brendan; Williams, Alex] US Army, Special Forces, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fox, WP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 103 F, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wpfox@nps.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1177/1548512914563619 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA5IF UT WOS:000367836000007 ER PT J AU Sentchev, A Yaremchuk, M AF Sentchev, Alexei Yaremchuk, Max TI Monitoring tidal currents with a towed ADCP system SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Towed ADCP survey; Tidal currents; English Channel; Optimal interpolation ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; SURFACE CURRENTS; ENERGY; RESOURCE; CHANNEL; FLOW; FIELD; POWER AB The tidal circulation in the semi-enclosed Boulogne harbour (eastern English Channel) is measured during the various stages of the tidal cycle with a low-cost towed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) system for the first time. The system is equipped with an interpolation algorithm which allows reconstructing space-time evolution of the velocity field for surveys whose duration is comparable or larger than the typical time of tidal variation (1-2 h). The method employs space-time velocity covariances derived from a numerical simulation of the surveyed area by a high-resolution relocatable model "Model for Applications on Regional Scale" (MARS). The covariances are utilized by the optimal interpolation algorithm to obtain the most likely evolution of the velocity field under the constraints provided by the ADCP observations and their error statistics. Technically, the MARS model run provides the first guess (background) evolution of the velocity field in the surveyed area which is then corrected by the data in a statistically consistent manner as it explicitly takes into the account both observational and modeling errors. The quality of the velocity reconstruction was validated against independent bottom-mounted ADCP data, the background model evolution, and against the results of spatial interpolation by Kriging technique. All tests demonstrated significant (30 to 60 %) reduction of the model-data misfit for the velocity field obtained as a result of space-time optimal interpolation. Although the method was applied to recover surface circulation, it can be extended for assessment of the full 4D tidal flow dynamics using the data recorded throughout the entire water column. C1 [Sentchev, Alexei] Univ Lille, Univ Littoral Cote Opale, CNRS, UMR LOG 8187, F-59000 Lille, France. [Yaremchuk, Max] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi, MS 39529 USA. RP Sentchev, A (reprint author), Univ Lille, Univ Littoral Cote Opale, CNRS, UMR LOG 8187, F-59000 Lille, France. EM Alexei.Sentchev@univ-littoral.fr; max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Interreg IVB (NW Europe) "Pro-Tide" Program; US Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Interreg IVB (NW Europe) "Pro-Tide" Program and support from the US Office of Naval Research. The skill and experience of skipper Eric Lecuyer and his help during the fieldwork are appreciated and acknowledged. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 66 IS 1 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10236-015-0913-z PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DA5BY UT WOS:000367818300009 ER PT J AU Ngodock, HE Souopgui, I Wallcraft, AJ Richman, JG Shriver, JF Arbic, BK AF Ngodock, Hans E. Souopgui, Innocent Wallcraft, Alan J. Richman, James G. Shriver, Jay F. Arbic, Brian K. TI On improving the accuracy of the M-2 barotropic tides embedded in a high-resolution global ocean circulation model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Barotropic tides; HYcom; State augmentation; Ensemble Kalman filter; Data assimilation; Forcing correction ID TIDAL ENERGY-DISSIPATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; INTERNAL TIDES; DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; PERIOD; SHELF; DRAG; BIAS AB The ocean tidal velocity and elevation can be estimated concurrently with the ocean circulation by adding the astronomical tidal forcing, parameterized topographic internal wave drag, and self attraction and loading to the general circulation physics. However, the accuracy of these tidal estimates does not yet match accuracies in the best data assimilative barotropic tidal models. This paper investigates the application of an augmented state ensemble Kalman Filter (ASEnKF) to improve the accuracy of M-2 barotropic tides embedded in a 1/12.5 degrees three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. The ASEnKF is an alternative to the techniques typically used with linearized tide only models; such techniques cannot be applied to the embedded tides in a non-linear eddying circulation. An extra term, meant to correct for errors in the tide model due to imperfectly known topography and damping terms, is introduced into the tidal forcing. Ensembles of the model are created with stochastically generated forcing correction terms. The discrepancies for each ensemble member with TPXO, an existing data assimilative tide model, are computed. The ASEnKF method yields an optimal estimate of the model forcing correction terms, that minimizes resultant root mean square (RMS) tidal sea surface elevation error with respect to TPXO, as well as an estimate of the tidal elevation. The deep-water, global area-averaged RMS sea surface elevation error of the principal lunar semidiurnal tide M-2 is reduced from 4.4 cm in a best case non-assimilative solution to 2.6 cm. The largest elevation errors in both the non assimilative and ASEnKF solutions are in the North Atlantic, a highly resonant basin. Possible pathways for achieving; further reductions in the RMS error are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ngodock, Hans E.; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Richman, James G.; Shriver, Jay F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Souopgui, Innocent] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ngodock, HE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Hans.Ngodock@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Ngodock, Hans/0000-0001-5806-6246; Souopgui, Innocent/0000-0002-7049-4611 FU NCOM-4DVAR; A multiscale Approach for Assessing Predictability of ASW environment; Extending Predictability in Coastal Environments; Office of Naval Research (ONR); projects "HYCOM global ocean forecast skill assessment"; ONR; National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP); Improving Global Surface and Internal Tides through Two-Way Coupling with High Resolution Coastal Models; ONR [N00014-11-1-0487, N00014-15-1-2288] FX We thank Richard Ray for providing the 151 tide gauge data used in Table 2. HEN and IS were supported by the projects, "NCOM-4DVAR", "A multiscale Approach for Assessing Predictability of ASW environment", and "Extending Predictability in Coastal Environments", sponsored by Office of Naval Research (ONR). JGR, JFS and AJW were supported by the projects "HYCOM global ocean forecast skill assessment", sponsored by ONR and the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) sponsored "Improving Global Surface and Internal Tides through Two-Way Coupling with High Resolution Coastal Models." BRA gratefully acknowledges support from (ONR) grants N00014-11-1-0487 and N00014-15-1-2288. The model results were obtained on a Cray XC30 at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center under the FY13-15 Department of Defense HPC Challenge Project "Global Earth System Prediction". This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-15-2596. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers: their comments helped to improve the quality of this paper. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA1LB UT WOS:000367556200002 ER PT J AU Trossman, DS Arbic, BK Richman, JG Garner, ST Jayne, SR Wallcraft, AJ AF Trossman, David S. Arbic, Brian K. Richman, James G. Garner, Stephen T. Jayne, Steven R. Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Impact of topographic internal lee wave drag on an eddying global ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Internal lee waves; Parameterization; Topographic blocking; Model evaluation; AVISO; Current meters ID WESTERN-BOUNDARY-CURRENT; CURRENT-METER RECORDS; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ABYSSAL CIRCULATION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEEP-OCEAN; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION AB The impact of topographic internal lee wave drag (wave drag hereafter) on several aspects of the low frequency circulation in a high resolution global ocean model forced by winds and air-sea buoyancy fluxes is examined here. The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is run at two different horizontal resolutions (one nominally 1/12 degrees and the other 1/25 degrees). Wave drag, which parameterizes both topographic blocking and the generation of lee waves arising from geostrophic flow impinging upon rough topography, is inserted into the simulations as they run. The parameterization used here affects the momentum equations and hence the structure of eddy kinetic energy. Lee waves also have implications for diapycnal mixing in the ocean, though the parameterization does not directly modify the density. Total near bottom energy dissipation due to wave drag and quadratic bottom boundary layer drag is nearly doubled, and the energy dissipation due to quadratic bottom drag is reduced by about a factor of two, in simulations with an inserted wave drag compared to simulations having only quadratic bottom drag. With the insertion of wave drag, the kinetic energy is reduced in the abyss and in a three-dimensional global integral. Deflection by partial topographic blocking is inferred to be one reason why the near-bottom kinetic energy can increase in locations where there is little change in dissipation by quadratic bottom drag. Despite large changes seen in the abyss, the changes that occur near the sea surface are relatively small upon insertion of wave drag into the simulations. Both the sea surface height variance and geostrophic surface kinetic energy are reduced On global average by more than twice the seasonal variability in these diagnostics. Alterations in the intensified jet positions brought about by inserting wave drag are not distinguishable from the temporal variability of jet positions. Various statistical measures suggest that applying wave drag only within a fixed distance from the seafloor is not detrimental to the model performance relative to observations. However, the introduction of a novel diagnostic suggests that one way to improve the wave drag parameterization is to allow the vertical deposition of lee wave momentum flux to be spatially heterogeneous. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trossman, David S.; Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Trossman, David S.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada. [Richman, James G.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] SSC, NRL, Div Oceanog, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Garner, Stephen T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Trossman, DS (reprint author), Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD 21046 USA. EM david.s.trossman@nasa.gov OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0960820]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-11-1-0487]; NSF [OCE-0960756]; Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Yellowstone university allocations; National Science Foundation; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center DoD Supercomputing Resource Center in Vicksburg, MS; [0602435N] FX The authors thank Michael Messina for his computer support at the University of Michigan and the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that led to a much improved manuscript. D. S. Trossman and B. K. Arbic gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-0960820 and Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant N00014-11-1-0487. S. R. Jayne gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant OCE-0960756. J. G. Richman and A. J. Wallcraft gratefully acknowledge the "6.2 Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides" project sponsored by the GS1000000060NRhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000006 under program element 0602435N. Grants of computer time were provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Yellowstone university allocations. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We would also like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center DoD Supercomputing Resource Center in Vicksburg, MS. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-14-2433 and has been approved for public release. The output files for the model runs analyzed in this paper are archived at the Department of the Navy Shared Resource Center (DSRC) at the Stennis Space Center. The files stored there can be accessed after obtaining an account at the facility. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA1LB UT WOS:000367556200008 ER PT J AU Yaremchuk, M Martin, P Koch, A Beattie, C AF Yaremchuk, Max Martin, Paul Koch, Andrey Beattie, Christopher TI Comparison of the adjoint and adjoint-free 4dVar assimilation of the hydrographic and velocity observations in the Adriatic Sea SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Ajoint analysis; Regional modeling ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COASTAL OCEAN MODEL; PART I; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; DIFFUSION OPERATOR; NAVDAS-AR; FORMULATION; SYSTEM AB Performance of the adjoint and adjoint-free 4-dimensional variational (4dVar) data assimilation techniques is compared in application to the hydrographic surveys and velocity observations collected in the Adriatic Sea in 2006. Assimilating the data into the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) has shown that both methods deliver similar reduction of the cost function and demonstrate comparable forecast skill at approximately the same computational expense. The obtained optimal states were, however, significantly different in terms of distance from the background state: application of the adjoint method resulted in a 30-40% larger departure, mostly due to the excessive level of ageostrophic motions in the southern basin of the Sea that was not covered by observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yaremchuk, Max; Martin, Paul] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39572 USA. [Koch, Andrey] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Beattie, Christopher] Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Yaremchuk, M (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39572 USA. EM max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Beattie, Christopher/B-2191-2017 OI Beattie, Christopher/0000-0003-3302-4845 FU Office of Naval Research [61153N]; Einstein Foundation of Berlin; NSF [DMS-1217156] FX The authors were supported by the Office of Naval Research under program element 61153N "Adjoint-free 4dVar for Ocean Models". The work of C. Beattie was additionally supported in part by the Einstein Foundation of Berlin and the NSF through Grant DMS-1217156. We gratefully acknowledge P. Sakaulakis for help with parallelization issues and M. Carrier and S. Smith for their kind assistance in configuring the NCOM 4dVar data assimilation system. Helpful discussions with I. Shulman are also acknowledged. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.010 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA1LB UT WOS:000367556200009 ER PT J AU Chow, E Massie, A Luo, X Wickliffe, C Gentry, S Segev, D AF Chow, Eric Massie, Allan Luo, Xun Wickliffe, Corey Gentry, Sommer Segev, Dorry TI Skipping Comparable Local Waitlist Candidates Under Share-35 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chow, Eric; Massie, Allan; Luo, Xun; Wickliffe, Corey; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, Sommer] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 16 SU 1 SI SI MA O-3 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA DA0CM UT WOS:000367464300029 ER PT J AU Isert, S Hedman, TD Lucht, RP Son, SF AF Isert, Sarah Hedman, Trevor D. Lucht, Robert P. Son, Steven F. TI Oxidizer coarse-to-fine ratio effect on microscale flame structure in a bimodal composite propellant SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Ammonium perchlorate; Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene; Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Coarse-to-fine ratio; Flame structure ID ELEVATED PRESSURES; PARTICLE-SIZE; COMBUSTION; SANDWICHES; BEHAVIOR; BINDER; PLIF AB The microscopic flame structure of a composite propellant is expected to change significantly as the particle size distribution is varied. In this paper we report observations of the diffusion flame structures in burning ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellants with varying ratios of coarse to fine AP. The coarse-to-fine ratio (C/F) was varied between 1:16 (mostly fine AP) to all coarse AP. Five kHz OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used for in situ imaging of the highly transient and microscale flames above single and groups of AP particles at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Jet-like diffusion flames are observed for all propellants above coarse AP crystals at 1 atm. At elevated pressures, both jet-like and lifted arched inverted overventilated diffusion flames (IOF) were observed. Jet-like flames were seen more frequently for propellants with low C/F ratios, and were rarely seen for propellants with the highest C/F ratios. On the other hand, lifted IOF were seldom seen for the low C/F ratio propellants but were more frequently observed for higher C/F ratio propellants. Differences in the flame structures are postulated to be due, in part, to the dissimilar local burning rates and flame temperatures between the fine AP/binder matrix and coarse particles. For the first time, the diffusion flames from multiple coarse particles were observed to merge (group combustion), especially for higher C/F ratio propellants. As a consequence, flame height is affected by this group combustion of clustered coarse AP particles that behave similarly to a larger single particle. The ignition delay and lifetime for single AP particles in a composite propellant were measured at 1 atmosphere (atm). The particle lifetime and ignition delay for coarse AP particles vary as a function of C/F, indicating that nearby coarse particles can significantly affect coarse particle ignition and combustion. The data obtained is useful for comparison to numerical simulations of AP composite propellant combustion. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Isert, Sarah] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hedman, Trevor D.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.; Son, Steven F.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Isert, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM sarah.isert@gmail.com FU NSF GRFP Grant [1147384]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0004] FX The authors wish to acknowledge funding through NSF GRFP Grant No. 1147384 and through AFOSR (award #FA9550-13-1-0004). Thanks to M. Powell for providing some of the materials. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2016 VL 163 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.015 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ7KP UT WOS:000367278600032 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, John TI Controlling Cyber Arms, and Creating New LEGOs SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Arquilla, John] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2016 VL 59 IS 1 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1145/2843530 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CZ7VD UT WOS:000367307300010 ER PT J AU Dey, S Aubry, RM Karamete, BK Mestreau, EL AF Dey, Saikat Aubry, Romain M. Karamete, B. Kaan Mestreau, Eric L. TI Capstone: A Geometry-Centric Platform to Enable Physics-Based Simulation and System Design SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Capstone provides a software platform with well-abstracted and compact interfaces to create, modify, and query geometry, mesh, and attribution information for a model. This forms a foundation for geometry-based design environments and solvers that can access geometry at runtime for scalable and accurate a-posteriori mesh adaptation. C1 [Dey, Saikat] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM saikat.dey@nrl.navy.mil; romain.au-bry.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; kaan.karamete.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; eric.mestreau.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Defense High Performance Modernization Program (HPCMP) FX We thank the Department of Defense High Performance Modernization Program (HPCMP) for funding the work described in this article. We also thank the CREATE-AV and CREATE-Ships teams for providing some of the geometries used here. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA CZ7DS UT WOS:000367260700004 ER PT J AU Go, DS Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Go, Delfin S. Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen TI Natural resource revenue, spending strategies and economic growth in Niger SO ECONOMIC MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Dutch disease; Spending strategies; Economic development; Africa; Low-income resource-rich countries; Recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) models; Natural resource revenue AB In this paper, we use a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine spending strategies in Niger, a resource-rich, low-income county that has a windfall gain from mineral export revenue. The recent literature on Dutch disease describes alternative policy rules to manage the income flow from the expected natural resource revenue, which can either be spent to raise immediate consumption or on public infrastructure to increase future productivity. We simulate four strategies. As a conservative strategy, Niger can spend only the interest earned on revenue in a sovereign wealth fund (bird-in-hand strategy); alternatively, it can borrow to spend now and repay with expected natural resource revenue. The key to the benefits of significant mineral revenue lies with the productivity and supply responses of spending. If significant output gain is assured, the different spending strategies have very similar effects on real consumption. Dutch disease, the overshooting of relative prices of non-tradable sector or the shrinking share of traded sectors in the economy, is also ameliorated with greater supply flexibility. Growth paths of alternative spending strategies differ markedly in timing and pattern, however, when spending does not raise productivity. The more aggressive spending plan may result in a boom-bust cycle if fiscal adjustments and debt repayments are necessary for any significant borrowing against future revenue and productivity gains are not realized. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Go, Delfin S.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Robinson, Sherman] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Thierfelder, Karen] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Thierfelder, K (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM delfins.go@gmail.com; s.robinson@cgiar.org; thier@usna.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0264-9993 EI 1873-6122 J9 ECON MODEL JI Econ. Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 BP 564 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.001 PN B PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CZ9JW UT WOS:000367414900024 ER PT J AU Roberts, N AF Roberts, Nancy TI A Government that Worked Better and Cost Less? SO GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Roberts, Nancy] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roberts, N (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-1895 EI 1468-0491 J9 GOVERNANCE JI Governance-Int. J. Policy Adm. I. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.1111/gove.12182 PG 4 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA CZ9QK UT WOS:000367431900011 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Rogers, WE Jensen, TG AF Fan, Yalin Rogers, W. Erick Jensen, Tommy G. TI Correlations between Interannual SST Oscillations and Modeled Swell Impacts on Turbulent Mixing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Fluxes; Gravity waves; Wind waves ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVE-DRIVEN WIND; INDIAN-OCEAN; MOMENTUM FLUX; SEA; CLIMATE; DIPOLE; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION AB The possibility of teleconnections between Southern Ocean swells and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on interannual time scales in the eastern Pacific Nino-3 region and southeastern Indian Ocean is investigated using numerical wave models. Two alternative parameterizations for swell dissipation are used. It is found that swell dissipation in the models is not directly correlated with large interannual variations such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). However, using one of the two swell dissipation parameterizations, a correlation is found between observed SST anomalies and the modification of turbulent kinetic energy flux (TKEF) by Southern Ocean swells due to the damping of short wind waves: modeled reduction of TKEF is opposite in phase to the SST anomalies in the Nino-3 region, indicating a potential positive feedback. The modeled bimonthly averaged TKEF reduction in the southeastern Indian Ocean is also well correlated with the IOD mode. C1 [Fan, Yalin; Rogers, W. Erick; Jensen, Tommy G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yalin.fan@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to Drs. Fabrice Ardhuin, Luigi Cavaleri, Hector Garcia-Nava, Dr. Alexander Babanin, and the anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments and suggestions. We thank the WAVEWATCH III development team for developing the code used in this study. NOAA/NWS/EMC/WAVEWATCH III public release version 4.18 is used to generate the data for this study. The wind and ice data used to force the model are available from NOAA/NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (datasets are named wnd10m.gdas.yyyymm.grb2 and ice-con.gdas.yyymm.grb2). This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0602435N. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-15-2622 and has been approved for public release. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 293 EP 311 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0455.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9QN UT WOS:000367432200007 ER PT J AU Quinlan, RA Lu, YC Kwabi, D Shao-Horn, Y Mansour, AN AF Quinlan, Ronald A. Lu, Yi-Chun Kwabi, David Shao-Horn, Yang Mansour, Azzam N. TI XPS Investigation of the Electrolyte Induced Stabilization of LiCoO2 and "AlPO4"-Coated LiCoO2 Composite Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; CATHODE MATERIALS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; NANOSILICON ELECTRODES; COBALT DISSOLUTION; 4.5 V AB The "AlPO4" coating has been shown to improve the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 batteries. We previously showed that the "AlPO4" coating promotes the formation of metal fluorides, which could act as a stable surface film and protect LiCoO2 from continuous degradation upon cycling. In this work, we removed the fluorine source in the LiPF6 salt by using the LiClO4 salt and investigated the effectiveness of the "AlPO4" coating. Interestingly, the "AlPO4" coating was found to improve the voltage efficiency and capacity retention when cycling in the LiPF6 electrolyte, but was detrimental when cycling in the LiClO4 electrolyte. XPS revealed that the "AlPO4" coating promotes the formation of metal fluoride in both electrolytes, with the surface film formed in LiClO4 being more electrically resistive compared to that formed in LiPF6. The source of fluorine in the coated electrode cycled in LiPF6 is largely attributed to the LiPF6 salt whereas the source of fluorine in the coated electrode cycled in LiClO4 is the binder PVDF. We believe that the coating could react with HF impurity in the LiPF6 electrolyte or from the binder PVDF and form stable metal fluoride films on the surface. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. C1 [Quinlan, Ronald A.; Mansour, Azzam N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Lu, Yi-Chun; Kwabi, David; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Electrochem Energy Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Quinlan, RA (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Mol Biol & Chem, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM azzam.mansour@navy.mil RI Lu, Yi-Chun/J-1841-2015 OI Lu, Yi-Chun/0000-0003-1607-1615 FU MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0819762]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported in part by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0819762 and the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The synchrotron XPS experiment was conducted on beamline X24A at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 67 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 2 BP A300 EP A308 DI 10.1149/2.0851602jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CZ8BH UT WOS:000367324400039 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Pilchak, AL AF Fonda, Richard W. Knipling, Keith E. Pilchak, Adam L. TI Thermal Stir Welds in Titanium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL PURITY TITANIUM; TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; MEASURED EBSD DATA; PURE TITANIUM; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; BETA-PHASE; FRICTION; ORIENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Although conventional friction stir welding (FSW) has proven unsuccessful in joining thick sections of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys, thermal stir welding, a variant of the FSW process in which an external heat source is used to preheat the workpiece, is demonstrated to be able to reliably join 12.3-mm-thick plates of CP titanium. This paper describes the microstructures and textures that develop in these thermal stir welds. The observed microstructure was used to reconstruct the high-temperature microstructure and texture present during the welding process and therefore reveal the genesis of the welding structures. C1 [Fonda, Richard W.; Knipling, Keith E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pilchak, Adam L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Richard.Fonda@nrl.navy.mil FU Structural Metallics programs office at the Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors would like to thank Bryant Walker and Raymond Walker of Keystone Synergistic Enterprises for providing the samples used in this study. We also acknowledge many helpful discussions with Dr. David Rowenhorst. Finally, RWF and KEK would like to thank the Structural Metallics programs office at the Office of Naval Research for their financial support, and ALP would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 47A IS 1 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-3218-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DA0DY UT WOS:000367468100036 ER PT J AU Venus, G Smirnov, V Mokhun, O Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J Vodopyanov, K Glebov, L AF Venus, George Smirnov, Vadim Mokhun, Oleksiy Bewley, William W. Merritt, Charles D. Canedy, Chadwick L. Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry Vodopyanov, Konstantin Glebov, Leonid TI Spectral narrowing and stabilization of interband cascade laser by volume Bragg grating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB A volume Bragg grating recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass was used to spectrally lock the emission from an 18-mu m-wide interband cascade laser ridge to a wavelength of 3.12 mu m. The spectral width of emission into the resonant mode is narrowed by more than 300 times, and the thermal wavelength shift is reduced by 60 times. While the power loss penalty is about 30%, the spectral brightness increases by 200 times. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Venus, George; Vodopyanov, Konstantin; Glebov, Leonid] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smirnov, Vadim; Mokhun, Oleksiy; Glebov, Leonid] OptiGrate Corp, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. [Bewley, William W.; Merritt, Charles D.; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Kim, Chul Soo; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Mijin] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Glebov, L (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, 4304 Scorpius St, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM lbglebov@mail.ucf.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1364/AO.55.000077 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ4RW UT WOS:000367091400011 PM 26835624 ER PT J AU Hasse, L Stewart, JL Youssef, B May, AC Isakovic, S Simmons, AN Johnson, DC Potterat, EG Paulus, MP AF Hasse, Lori Stewart, Jennifer L. Youssef, Brittany May, April C. Isakovic, Sara Simmons, Alan N. Johnson, Douglas C. Potterat, Eric G. Paulus, Martin P. TI When the brain does not adequately feel the body: Links between low resilience and interoception SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Resilience; fMRI; Interoception; Insula ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE; ANXIETY-PRONE SUBJECTS; OLD-WORLD MONKEY; SCALE CD-RISC; INSULA ACTIVATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION; NEURAL SYSTEMS; AWARENESS; CORTEX AB This study examined neural processes of resilience during aversive interoceptive processing. Forty-six individuals were divided into three groups of resilience Low (LowRes), high (HighRes), and normal (Norm-Res), based on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Participants then completed a task involving anticipation and experience of loaded breathing during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recording. Compared to HighRes and NormRes groups, LowRes self-reported lower levels of interoceptive awareness and demonstrated higher insular and thalamic activation across anticipation and breathing load conditions. Thus, individuals with lower resilience show reduced attention to bodily signals but greater neural processing to aversive bodily perturbations. In low resilient individuals, this mismatch between attention to and processing of interoceptive afferents may result in poor adaptation in stressful situations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hasse, Lori; Youssef, Brittany; May, April C.; Isakovic, Sara; Simmons, Alan N.; Johnson, Douglas C.; Paulus, Martin P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stewart, Jennifer L.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Simmons, Alan N.; Paulus, Martin P.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Johnson, Douglas C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] Naval Special Warfare Command, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. RP Hasse, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Lab Biol Dynam & Theoret Med, 8939 Villa La Jolla Dr,Suite 200, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM lhaase@ucsd.edu; jennifer.stewart@qc.cuny.edu; byoussef@ucsd.edu; acmay@ucsd.edu; sara.isakovic@gmail.com; ansimmons@ucsd.edu; dcj002@ucsd.edu; eric.potterat@navsoc.socom.mil; mpaulus@ucsd.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [30]; Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED); National Institute of Mental Health [T32-MH018399-26]; VA Merit Grant; VA Center of Excellence in Stress and Mental Health FX This research was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Code 30, and Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH018399-26), VA Merit Grant, and the VA Center of Excellence in Stress and Mental Health. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 EI 1873-6246 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 113 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.004 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA CY9WL UT WOS:000366757000004 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Tadjer, MJ Hite, JK Greenlee, JD Koehler, AD Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Anderson, Travis J. Tadjer, Marko J. Hite, Jennifer K. Greenlee, Jordan D. Koehler, Andrew D. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Fritz J. TI Effect of Reduced Extended Defect Density in MOCVD Grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Native GaN Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; HEMT; HVPE GaN; ammonothermal GaN ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; BULK AMMONOTHERMAL GAN; DISLOCATION DENSITY AB AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on SiC, hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) GaN, and ammonothermal GaN substrates to achieve HEMTs with over five orders of magnitude variation in extended defect density. This enables a direct comparison of the effect of extended defects on device performance to achieve the best possible reliability. As-grown material was characterized by atomic force microscopy, electron channeling contrast imaging, and Raman spectroscopy. Devices were characterized by Hall, dc I-V, and pulsed I-V behavior. Reduced threading dislocation density provides an increased 2-D electron gas mobility, but inhibits ohmic contact formation resulting in high contact resistance. Transistor characteristics were nominally identical, with higher OFF-state leakage in the HEMTs on ammonothermal GaN. The pulsed I-V response indicated significantly reduced current collapse in the HEMT on HVPE GaN due to reduced buffer trapping. C1 [Anderson, Travis J.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Greenlee, Jordan D.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Fritz J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM travis.anderson@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship FX Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work of J. D. Greenlee was supported by the National Research Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor S. J. Koester. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 29 U2 74 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 37 IS 1 BP 28 EP 30 DI 10.1109/LED.2015.2502221 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CZ7HO UT WOS:000367270700007 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Nguyen, VQ Shaw, LB Busse, LE Florea, C Gibson, DJ Gattass, RR Bayya, SS Kung, FH Chin, GD Miklos, RE Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Kim, W. H. Nguyen, V. Q. Shaw, L. B. Busse, L. E. Florea, C. Gibson, D. J. Gattass, R. R. Bayya, S. S. Kung, F. H. Chin, G. D. Miklos, R. E. Aggarwal, I. D. Sanghera, J. S. TI Recent progress in chalcogenide fiber technology at NRL SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Chalcogenide Infrared Optical fibers ID LOW HYDROGEN IMPURITIES; AS-S; OPTICAL-FIBER; GLASS-FIBERS; MID-WAVE; IR; LASER; FABRICATION; GRATINGS AB The chalcogen glasses (i.e., glasses based on the elements 5, Se, and Te) are transparent in the infrared (IR), possess low phonon energies, are chemically durable, and can be drawn into fiber. We review our recent research progress at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to develop chalcogenide glass fibers for applications in the mid- and long-wave IR wavelength regions from 2 to 12 mu m. Our recent effort in the development of low loss chalcogenide fibers, by describing the synthesis and purification methods, fiber drawing techniques, and highlighting the best results, is summarized. Various applications of these high quality chalcogenide fibers, including multimode beam combiners, mid-infrared supercontinuum sources, fiber Bragg gratings, fiber bundles for IR imaging, anti-reflecting surface structures, and modal filters, are described. Novel infrared (IR) lenses that enable a reduction in the size and weight of IR imaging optics through the use of layered glass structures with broad IR transmission are also presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, W. H.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Shaw, L. B.; Busse, L. E.; Gibson, D. J.; Gattass, R. R.; Bayya, S. S.; Sanghera, J. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Florea, C.] Avo Photon, Horsham, PA USA. [Kung, F. H.; Chin, G. D.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Miklos, R. E.; Aggarwal, I. D.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 431 SI SI BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.03.028 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CZ5EZ UT WOS:000367126600003 ER PT J AU Newsome, GA Ackerman, LK Johnson, KJ AF Newsome, G. Asher Ackerman, Luke K. Johnson, Kevin J. TI Humidity Effects on Fragmentation in Plasma-Based Ambient Ionization Sources SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Humidity; FAPA; DART; Ambient ionization; Water cluster; Mechanism; Fragmentation ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEXAMETHYLENE TRIPEROXIDE DIAMINE; DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; ION-SOURCE; PROBE; SENSITIVITY; AFTERGLOW; AIR AB Post-plasma ambient desorption/ionization (ADI) sources are fundamentally dependent on surrounding water vapor to produce protonated analyte ions. There are two reports of humidity effects on ADI spectra. However, it is unclear whether humidity will affect all ADI sources and analytes, and by what mechanism humidity affects spectra. Flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) ionization and direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectra of various surface-deposited and gas-phase analytes were acquired at ambient temperature and pressure across a range of observed humidity values. A controlled humidity enclosure around the ion source and mass spectrometer inlet was used to create programmed humidity and temperatures. The relative abundance and fragmentation of molecular adduct ions for several compounds consistently varied with changing ambient humidity and also were controlled with the humidity enclosure. For several compounds, increasing humidity decreased protonated molecule and other molecular adduct ion fragmentation in both FAPA and DART spectra. For others, humidity increased fragment ion ratios. The effects of humidity on molecular adduct ion fragmentation were caused by changes in the relative abundances of different reagent protonated water clusters and, thus, a change in the average difference in proton affinity between an analyte and the population of water clusters. Control of humidity in ambient post-plasma ion sources is needed to create spectral stability and reproducibility. C1 [Newsome, G. Asher] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Ackerman, Luke K.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, Div Analyt Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Johnson, Kevin J.] US Naval Res Lab, Naval Tech Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newsome, GA (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM graham.newsome.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011; Newsome, G. Asher/J-8970-2012 OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039; Newsome, G. Asher/0000-0003-1683-2197 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX The authors thank Michael Malito of Nova Research, Inc. for assistance designing the source enclosure; the Gary M. Hieftje lab of Indiana University for providing the FAPA source; Jon Wong of the FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition for providing propazine; and Lauryn DeGreeff-Silk of the Naval Research Laboratory for preparing the HMTD solution. Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s13361-015-1259-y PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CZ3OW UT WOS:000367014900015 PM 26384684 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Wu, SN Wei, HH Abarca, SF AF Wu, Chun-Chieh Wu, Shun-Nan Wei, Ho-Hsuan Abarca, Sergio F. TI The Role of Convective Heating in Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Ring Evolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Barotropic flows; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Diabatic heating; Hurricanes; typhoons; Models and modeling; Diagnostics; Numerical analysis; modeling ID AXISYMMETRICAL BALANCE DYNAMICS; INTENSITY CHANGES; SPIRAL BANDS; ROSSBY-WAVES; INTENSIFICATION; HURRICANES; CYCLES; VORTEX; MODEL; EYE AB The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of diabatic heating in tropical cyclone ring structure evolution. A full-physics three-dimensional modeling framework is used to compare the results with two-dimensional modeling approaches and to point to limitations of the barotropic instability theory in predicting the storm vorticity structure configuration. A potential vorticity budget analysis reveals that diabatic heating is a leading-order term and that it is largely offset by potential vorticity advection. Sawyer-Eliassen integrations are used to diagnose the secondary circulation (and corresponding vorticity tendency) forced by prescribed heating. These integrations suggest that diabatic heating forces a secondary circulation (and associated vorticity tendency) that helps maintain the original ring structure in a feedback process. Sensitivity experiments of the Sawyer-Eliassen model reveal that the magnitude of the vorticity tendency is proportional to that of the prescribed heating, indicating that diabatic heating plays a critical role in adjusting and maintaining the eyewall ring. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Wu, Shun-Nan; Wei, Ho-Hsuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Abarca, Sergio F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw OI Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 103-2628-M-002-004] FX This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Grants MOST 103-2628-M-002-004. Valuable comments from three anonymous reviewers that helped improve the quality of the manuscript are highly appreciated. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0085.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9DR UT WOS:000367398500001 ER PT J AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael TI Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus 1973-2012 SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Freeman, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 EI 1556-1836 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1080/09546553.2015.1112206 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA CY6HU UT WOS:000366510600015 ER PT J AU Zeng, HC Shi, Y Hou, YT Lou, WJ Kompella, S Midkiff, SF AF Zeng, Huacheng Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Lou, Wenjing Kompella, Sastry Midkiff, Scott F. TI An Analytical Model for Interference Alignment in Multi-Hop MIMO Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Interference alignment; modeling and optimization; multi-hop MIMO network ID CHANNEL; FEASIBILITY; FREEDOM AB Interference alignment (IA) is a powerful technique to handle interference in wireless networks. Since its inception, IA has become a central research theme in the wireless communications community. Due to its intrinsic nature of being a physical layer technique, IA has been mainly studied for point-to-point or single-hop scenario. There is a lack of research of IA from a networking perspective in the context of multi-hop wireless networks. The goal of this paper is to make such an advance by bringing IA technique to multi-hop MIMO networks. We develop an IA model consisting of a set of constraints at a transmitter and a receiver that can be used to determine IA for a subset of interfering streams. We further prove the feasibility of this IA model by showing that a DoF vector can be supported free of interference at the physical layer as long as it satisfies the constraints in our IA model. Based on the proposed IA model, we develop an IA design space for a multi-hop MIMO network. To study how IA performs in a multi-hop MIMO network, we compare the performance of a network throughput optimization problem based on our developed IA design space against the same problem when IA is not employed. Simulation results show that the use of IA can significantly decrease the DoF consumption for IC, thereby improving network throughput. C1 [Zeng, Huacheng; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Lou, Wenjing; Kompella, Sastry] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Midkiff, Scott F.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zeng, HC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM zeng@vt.edu; yshi@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; wjlou@vt.edu; midkiff@vt.edu; sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); ONR FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and ONR. The work of Dr. S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. Part of Prof. W. Lou's work was completed while she was serving as a Program Director at the NSF. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the NSF. The authors thank Virginia Tech's Advanced Research Computing for giving them access to the BlueRidge computer cluster. An abridged version of this paper appeared in the Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2013, Turin, Italy. Y.T. Hou is the corresponding author. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1109/TMC.2015.2410772 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA CX8YG UT WOS:000365990700002 ER PT J AU Chang, YC Tseng, RS Chu, PC Shao, HJ AF Chang, Yu-Chia Tseng, Ruo-Shan Chu, Peter C. Shao, Huan-Jie TI Global Energy-saving Map of Strong Ocean Currents SO JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE Vessel; Current; Energy-saving; Route ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEM; MAPPING CAPABILITIES; ALTIMETER MISSIONS; SURFACE FLOWS; PACIFIC; MODEL; VARIABILITY; STRAIT; SOUTH; SEA AB This study provides a global, detailed, and complete energy-saving map of strong ocean currents from the absolute geostrophic velocities calculated from satellite altimetry data, with the focus on the strong Western Boundary Currents (WBCs) in the global ocean. Theoretically, the WBCs with speeds of 2-3 knots can reduce fuel consumption by 25-50% for vessels at a sailing speed of 6 knots. The fuel savings are greater for a lower sailing speed than for a higher sailing speed. For about 1.8 million motorised fishing vessels with a lower ship speed, strong currents can evidently save fuel, time and money. Since global fishing vessels generate roughly 130 million tonnes of CO2 per annum (FAO, 2012), effective utilisation of the energy-saving map could significantly reduce CO2 emissions from ship operations. C1 [Chang, Yu-Chia; Shao, Huan-Jie] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Tseng, Ruo-Shan] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, YC (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM rstseng@mail.nsysu.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China [MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3]; Naval Oceanographic Office [N6230612PO00123] FX This research was completed with grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China (MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3). Peter C. Chu was supported by the Naval Oceanographic Office (N6230612PO00123). Ting-Peng Liang provides valuable suggestions on Decision Support System. We are grateful for the comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0373-4633 EI 1469-7785 J9 J NAVIGATION JI J. Navig. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1017/S0373463315000466 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CY3DZ UT WOS:000366289900005 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, Mark D. TI William Clark Russell and the Victorian Nautical Novel: Gender, Genre and the Marketplace SO ENGLISH LITERATURE IN TRANSITION 1880-1920 LA English DT Book Review C1 [Larabee, Mark D.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGLISH LITERATURE TRANSITION PI GREENSBORO PA UNIV NORTH CAROLINA DEPT ENGLISH, GREENSBORO, NC 27412-5001 USA SN 0013-8339 EI 1559-2715 J9 ENGL LIT TRANSITION JI Engl. Lit. Transit. PY 2016 VL 59 IS 1 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Literature, British Isles SC Literature GA CX6UQ UT WOS:000365837600013 ER PT J AU Narducci, FA Welch, GR AF Narducci, Frank A. Welch, George R. TI 45th winter colloquium on the physics of quantum electronics INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Narducci, Frank A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Welch, George R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2016 VL 63 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1080/09500340.2016.1110879 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA CX7QK UT WOS:000365896900001 ER PT J AU Reintjes, J Bashkansky, M AF Reintjes, J. Bashkansky, Mark TI Considerations on an optical test of Popper's experiment SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronic CY JAN 04-08, 2015 CL Snowbird, UT SP Marlan Scully Texas A&M Univ, Princeton Univ, George R Welch Texas A&M Univ DE quantum optics; entangled photons; spontaneous parametric down conversion; entangled ghost imaging; single photons ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE; VIOLATION AB We present a detailed analysis of a previously published realization of Popper's experiment using entangled ghost imaging. Our analysis, which is based on optical diffraction integrals, shows that, for the configuration previously described, the transverse spread of an unmeasured particle (the signal photon here) does not increase in inverse proportion to the width of its virtual confinement when its entangled twin (the idler photon) is confined in a transverse dimension by a physical slit. Rather, we show that the spread of the unmeasured particle carries no dependence on the width of its virtual confinement in the published configuration. Instead, it spreads geometrically at a rate determined by the numerical aperture of the ghost imaging system. We further propose an alternative configuration for which the spread of the unmeasured particle does increase in inverse proportion to the width of its virtual confinement. We discuss the relation of these results to the predictions of Popper. C1 [Reintjes, J.] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD USA. [Bashkansky, Mark] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2016 VL 63 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1080/09500340.2015.1063723 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CX7QK UT WOS:000365896900002 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Bolstad, SH Didoszak, JM Rodriguez, JA AF Kwon, Y. W. Bolstad, S. H. Didoszak, J. M. Rodriguez, J. A. TI Study of composite plate traveling in water containing Ice Equivalent Objects SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Drag force; Fluid-structure interaction; Impact; Ice ID FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; TRANSIENT AB An experimental study was conducted for a composite plate traveling in water containing Ice Equivalent Objects (IEO) in order to investigate the drag force exerted on the composite plate as well as its structural response. This study considered both fluid-structure interaction (FSI) as well as solid body interaction. The plate was partially submerged so as to interact with the IEO. As test parameters, the traveling speed and the orientation angle of the plate were changed, and the coverage density of the IEO was also varied. Both drag force and the strain response of the plate were measured when the plate was in either the steady-state or accelerating transient motion. In addition, a high speed camera was utilized to capture the interaction among the composite plates, IEO, and water flow. Computer modeling and simulation was also conducted for some simple cases in order to better aid understanding. The results showed that with the inclusion of the IEO, not only was there an increase in the total drag forces but also a difference in the resulting deformed shapes of the plates. As a result, strain measurements at different locations did not vary proportionally resulting from the IEO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Bolstad, S. H.; Didoszak, J. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Rodriguez, J. A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Solid Mechanics Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Solid Mechanics Program. The program manager is Dr. Yapa D. S. Rajapakse. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 135 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.012 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CW5RN UT WOS:000365054400006 ER PT J AU Oriti, G Julian, AL Peck, NJ AF Oriti, Giovanna Julian, Alexander L. Peck, Nathan J. TI Power-Electronics-Based Energy Management System With Storage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Energy management systems (EMS); energy storage; peak power control; voltage source inverters (VSI) ID GRID APPLICATIONS; STAND-ALONE; INVERTERS; OPERATION; DESIGN AB This paper demonstrates the functionality of a power-electronics-based energy management system (EMS). The EMS includes batteries and a digitally controlled single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), which can be controlled as a current source or a voltage source depending on the status of the ac grid and the user's preference. The EMS guarantees that the critical loads are powered when the ac grid fails; in which case, the VSI is controlled as a voltage source. It also accomplishes peak power control by supplying battery power to the local loads while they are powered by the ac grid if the loads get large. The electricity cost savings accomplished by peak shaving are estimated. The EMS functionality is demonstrated by experimental measurements on a laboratory prototype. The control architecture and logic embedded in the EMS are discussed in detail. C1 [Oriti, Giovanna; Julian, Alexander L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Peck, Nathan J.] US Navy, USS Hampton, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Oriti, G (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giovanna.oriti@ieee.org; ajulian@nps.edu; njpeck@gmail.com NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2407693 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CS2NS UT WOS:000361908600041 ER PT J AU Kim, M Han, DK Ko, H AF Kim, Minjae Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok TI Joint patch clustering-based dictionary learning for multimodal image fusion SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Article DE Multimodal image fusion; Sparse representation; Dictionary learning; Clustering; K-SVD ID OF-THE-ART; SPARSE REPRESENTATION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSFORM; INFORMATION; APPROXIMATION; PURSUIT AB Constructing a good dictionary is the key to a successful image fusion technique in sparsity-based models. An efficient dictionary learning method based on a joint patch clustering is proposed for multimodal image fusion. To construct an over-complete dictionary to ensure sufficient number of useful atoms for representing a fused image, which conveys image information from different sensor modalities, all patches from different source images are clustered together with their structural similarities. For constructing a compact but informative dictionary, only a few principal components that effectively describe each of joint patch clusters are selected and combined to form the over-complete dictionary. Finally, sparse coefficients are estimated by a simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to represent multimodal images with the common dictionary learned by the proposed method. The experimental results with various pairs of source images validate effectiveness of the proposed method for image fusion task. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Minjae; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM mjkim@ispl.korea.ac.kr; david.k.han@navy.mil; hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD Program (WR080951). NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 EI 1872-6305 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD JAN PY 2016 VL 27 BP 198 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2015.03.003 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CS5UY UT WOS:000362145000017 ER PT J AU Arumugam, S Cortizo-Lacalle, D Rossbauer, S Hunter, S Kanibolotsky, AL Inigo, AR Lane, PA Anthopoulos, TD Skabarat, PJ AF Arumugam, Sasikumar Cortizo-Lacalle, Diego Rossbauer, Stephan Hunter, Simon Kanibolotsky, Alexander L. Inigo, Anto R. Lane, Paul A. Anthopoulos, Thomas D. Skabarat, Peter J. TI An Air-Stable DPP-thieno-TTF Copolymer for Single-Material Solar Cell Devices and Field Effect Transistors SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE DPP-TTF polymer; OPV; OFET; single material OPV; hole mobility ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMER; POLYTHIOPHENE; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB Following an approach developed in our group to incorporate tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units into conjugated polymeric systems, we have studied a low band gap polymer incorporating TTF as a donor component. This polymer is based on a fused thieno-TTF unit that enables the direct incorporation of the TTF unit into the polymer, and a second comonomer based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecule. These units represent a donor acceptor copolymer system, p(DPP-TTF), showing strong absorption in the UV-visible region of the spectrum. An optimized p(DPP-TTF) polymer organic field effect transistor and a single material organic solar cell device showed excellent performance with a hole mobility of up to 5.3 X 10(-2) cm(2)/(Vs) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.3%, respectively. Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices of p(DPP-TTF) blended with phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibited a PCE of 1.8%. C1 [Arumugam, Sasikumar; Cortizo-Lacalle, Diego; Kanibolotsky, Alexander L.; Inigo, Anto R.; Skabarat, Peter J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. [Rossbauer, Stephan; Hunter, Simon; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Rossbauer, Stephan; Hunter, Simon; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kanibolotsky, Alexander L.] Inst Phys Organ Chem & Coal Chem, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. [Lane, Paul A.] US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Inigo, AR (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. EM anto.inigo@strath.ac.uk; thomas.anthopoulos@imperial.ac.uk; peter.skabara@strath.ac.uk RI Kanibolotsky, Alexander/C-9877-2009; Skabara, Peter/D-3046-2011; Cortizo-Lacalle, Diego/C-6005-2013 OI Skabara, Peter/0000-0001-7319-0464; Cortizo-Lacalle, Diego/0000-0002-7382-2422 FU Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award; EPSRC [EP/J007005] FX P.J.S. thanks the Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award. We also thank the EPSRC for funding under grant EP/J007005. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 15 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 51 BP 27999 EP 28005 DI 10.1021/am5080562 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DC8CT UT WOS:000369448200003 PM 25832195 ER PT J AU Tang, YX Zhang, JH Mitchell, LA Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Tang, Yongxing Zhang, Jiaheng Mitchell, Lauren A. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Taming of 3,4-Di(nitramino)furazan SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; IMPACT SENSITIVITIES; SALTS; CRYSTAL; DERIVATIVES; DETONATION; DESIGN; TETRANITRATE; MOLECULES AB Highly energetic 3,4-di(nitramino)furazan (1, DNAF) was synthesized and confirmed structurally by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its highly sensitive nature can be attributed to the shortage of hydrogen-bonding interactions and an interactive nitro chain in the crystal structure. In order to stabilize this structure, a series of corresponding nitrogen-rich salts (3-10) has been prepared and fully characterized. Among these energetic materials, dihydrazinium 3,4-dinitraminofurazanate (5) exhibits a very promising detonation performance (nu D = 9849 m s(-1) P = 40.9 GPa) and is one of the most powerful explosives to date. To ensure the practical applications of 5, rather than preparing the salts of 1 through acid-base reactions, an alternative route through the nitration of N-ethoxycarbonyl-protected 3,4-diaminofurazan and aqueous alkaline workup was developed. C1 [Tang, Yongxing; Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mitchell, Lauren A.; Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI Mitchell, Lauren/0000-0002-1311-0108 FU Office of Naval Research [NOOO14-12-1-0536]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034]; CFD Research Corporation FX Financial support of the Office of Naval Research (NOOO14-12-1-0536), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034), and CFD Research Corporation are gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 51 BP 15984 EP 15987 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b09831 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DA2OV UT WOS:000367636600002 PM 26669520 ER PT J AU Ohia, O Egedal, J Lukin, VS Daughton, W Le, A AF Ohia, O. Egedal, J. Lukin, V. S. Daughton, W. Le, A. TI Scaling laws for magnetic reconnection, set by regulation of the electron pressure anisotropy to the firehose threshold SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; electron anisotropy; electron energization; plasma simulation ID INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; PLASMAS AB Magnetic reconnection in a weakly collisional plasma, such as in the Earth's magnetosphere, is known to be accompanied by electron pressure anisotropy. For reconnection scenarios includingmoderate guide magnetic field, electrons are magnetized throughout the reconnection region, and the anisotropy drives extended electron current layers. Along these layers, the anisotropy nears the firehosethreshold. We describe how the anisotropy stagnates at this threshold by a mechanism that does not involve pitch-angle mixing. Using previously established anisotropic equations of state and by imposing the marginalfirehose condition, scaling laws are obtained for quantities along the current layers asfunctions of plasmaparameters upstream of the reconnection region. The predicted reconnection region quantities include the magnetic field strength, plasma density, and the parallel and perpendicular electronpressures, allowing for a characterization of electron energization solely as a function of the upstream plasma conditions. This characterization is in agreement with simulations and spacecraft observations. C1 [Ohia, O.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Egedal, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Daughton, W.; Le, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ohia, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM oohia@umd.edu RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 FU NSF GEM [1405166]; NASA [NNX14AC68G]; NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics program; National Science Foundation; NASA's Heliophysics Theory Program FX We thank T. Phan for providing spacecraft data. O.O. would like to acknowledge the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center for time allocation, as fluid simulations were performed on Hopper. J.E. acknowledges support through NSF GEM award 1405166 and NASA grant NNX14AC68G. V.S.L. acknowledges support from the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics program, as well as the National Science Foundation. Contributions from W.D. were supported by NASA's Heliophysics Theory Program. Kinetic simulations were performed on Pleiades provided by NASA's HEC Program and with LANL Institutional Computing resources. Any opinion findings conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10549 EP 10556 DI 10.1002/2015GL067117 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700053 ER PT J AU Martin, KM Wood, WT Becker, JJ AF Martin, Kylara M. Wood, Warren T. Becker, Joseph J. TI A global prediction of seafloor sediment porosity using machine learning SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seafloor porosity; machine learning; random forests; marine sediment properties; interpolation techniques ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ALTIMETRY; SANDS; MODEL AB Porosity (void ratio) is a critical parameter in models of acoustic propagation, bearing strength, and many other seafloor phenomena. However, like many seafloor phenomena, direct measurements are expensive and sparse. We show here how porosity everywhere at the seafloor can be estimated using a machine learning technique (specifically, Random Forests). Such techniques use sparsely acquired direct samples and dense grids of other parameters to produce a statistically optimal estimate where direct measurements are lacking. Our porosity estimate is both qualitatively more consistent with geologic principles than the results produced by interpolation and quantitatively more accurate than results produced by interpolation or regression methods. We present here a seafloor porosity estimate on a 5 arc min, pixel registered grid, produced using widely available, densely sampled grids of other seafloor properties. These techniques represent the only practical means of estimating seafloor properties in inaccessible regions of the seafloor (e.g., the Arctic). C1 [Martin, Kylara M.] Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Program, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Wood, Warren T.] Naval Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Becker, Joseph J.] Naval Res Lab, ASEE Postdoctoral Program, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Martin, KM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Program, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM kylara.martin.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Martin, Kylara/0000-0002-4236-908X NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10640 EP 10646 DI 10.1002/2015GL065279 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700002 ER PT J AU Maximenko, SI Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Gonzalez, M Scheiman, DA Messenger, SR Tibbits, TND Imaizumi, M Ohshima, T Sato, SI Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Maximenko, S. I. Lumb, M. P. Hoheisel, R. Gonzalez, M. Scheiman, D. A. Messenger, S. R. Tibbits, T. N. D. Imaizumi, M. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. I. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. TI Radiation response of multi-quantum well solar cells: Electron-beam-induced current analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LENGTH; IRRADIATED GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEFECTS; MICROSCOPY; INJECTION; PROTON; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; CONVERSION; SPACE AB Solar cells utilizing multi-quantum well (MQW) structures are considered promising candidate materials for space applications. An open question is how well these structures can resist the impact of particle irradiation. The aim of this work is to provide feedback about the radiation response of In0.01Ga0.99As solar cells grown on Ge with MQWs incorporated within the i-region of the device. In particular, the local electronic transport properties of the MQW i-regions of solar cells subjected to electron and proton irradiation were evaluated experimentally using the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique. The change in carrier collection distribution across the MQW i-region was analyzed using a 2D EBIC diffusion model in conjunction with numerical modeling of the electrical field distribution. Both experimental and simulated findings show carrier removal and type conversion from n-to p-type in MQW i-region at a displacement damage dose as low as similar to 6.06-9.88 x 10(9) MeV/g. This leads to a redistribution of the electric field and significant degradation in charge carrier collection. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Scheiman, D. A.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, M. P.; Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Messenger, S. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Tibbits, T. N. D.] QuantaSol Ltd, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 3GZ, Surrey, England. [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ohshima, T.; Sato, S. I.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Takasaki, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sergey.maximenko@nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 24 AR 245705 DI 10.1063/1.4939067 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DA1CY UT WOS:000367535100053 ER PT J AU Malec, CE Bennett, BR Johnson, MB AF Malec, Chris E. Bennett, Brian R. Johnson, Mark B. TI Detection of ferromagnetic domain wall pinning and depinning with a semiconductor device SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; NANOWIRES; DYNAMICS; MOTION AB We demonstrate the detection of a ferromagnetic domain wall using a nanoscale Hall cross. A narrow permalloy wire is defined lithographically on top of a Hall cross fabricated from an InAs quantum well. The width of the Hall cross (500 nm-1 mu m) is similar to the width of the ferromagnetic wire (200-500 nm), and a geometric pinning site is fabricated in the ferromagnetic wire to trap a domain wall within the area of the Hall cross. The devices provide a signal that is often the same order of magnitude as the offset Hall voltage when a domain wall is located above the Hall cross, and may be useful for memory applications. Different geometries for the Hall cross and ferromagnetic wire are tested, and radiofrequency pulses are sent into the wire to demonstrate current driven domain wall motion. Further changes to the Hall bar geometry with respect to the wire geometry are investigated by numerical computation. A large gain in signal is seen for Hall bars only slightly wider than the ferromagnetic wires as compared to those twice as wide, as well as a larger sensitivity to the exact position of the domain wall with respect to the center of the Hall cross. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Malec, Chris E.; Bennett, Brian R.; Johnson, Mark B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malec, CE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research, NRL base program [MA022-01-46-1B84] FX This research was performed while Chris Malec held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NRL. Chris Malec and Mark Johnson gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research, NRL base program MA022-01-46-1B84. This work was performed at the NRL Nanoscience Institute. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 23 AR 234501 DI 10.1063/1.4936783 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CZ8VG UT WOS:000367376600042 ER PT J AU Ahnen, ML Ansoldi, S Antonelli, LA Antoranz, P Babic, A Banerjee, B Bangale, P De Almeida, UB Barrio, JA Bednarek, W Bernardini, E Biasuzzi, B Biland, A Blanch, O Bonnefoy, S Bonnoli, G Borracci, F Bretz, T Carmona, E Carosi, A Chatterjee, A Clavero, R Colin, P Colombo, E Contreras, JL Cortina, J Covino, S Da Vela, P Dazzi, F De Angelis, A De Lotto, B Wilhelmi, ED Mendez, CD Di Pierro, F Prester, DD Dorner, D Doro, M Einecke, S Glawion, DE Elsaesser, D Fernandez-Barral, A Fidalgo, D Fonseca, MV Font, L Frantzen, K Fruck, C Galindo, D Lopez, RJG Garczarczyk, M Terrats, DG Gaug, M Giammaria, P Godinovic, N Munoz, AG Guberman, D Hahn, A Hanabata, Y Hayashida, M Herrera, J Hose, J Hrupec, D Hughes, G Idec, W Kodani, K Konno, Y Kubo, H Kushida, J La Barbera, A Lelas, D Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Lopez, M Lopez-Coto, R Lopez-Oramas, A Lorenz, E Majumdar, P Makariev, M Mallot, K Maneva, G Manganaro, M Mannheim, K Maraschi, L Marcote, B Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Menzel, U Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Moralejo, A Moretti, E Nakajima, D Neustroev, V Niedzwiecki, A Rosillo, M Nilsson, K Nishijima, K Noda, K Orito, R Overkemping, A Paiano, S Palacio, J Palatiello, M Paneque, D Paoletti, R Paredes, JM Paredes-Fortuny, X Persic, M Poutanen, J Moroni, PGP Prandini, E Puljak, I Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Garcia, JR Saito, T Satalecka, K Schultz, C Schweizer, T Shore, SN Sillanpaa, A Sitarek, J Snidaric, I Sobczynska, D Stamerra, A Steinbring, T Strzys, M Takalo, L Takami, H Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Terzic, T Tescaro, D Teshima, M Thaele, J Torres, DF Toyama, T Treves, A Verguilov, V Vovk, I Ward, JE Will, M Wu, MH Zanin, R Ajello, M Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Gonzalez, JB Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bonino, R Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Desiante, R Di Venere, L Dominguez, A Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hays, E Hewitt, JW Jogler, T Kuss, M Larsson, S Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Maldera, S Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mirabal, N Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Nuss, E Ojha, R Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Troja, E Wood, KS Balokovic, M Berdyugin, A Carraminana, A Carrasco, L Chavushyan, V Ramazani, VF Feige, M Haarto, S Haeusner, P Hovatta, T Kania, J Klamt, J Lahteenmaki, A Leon-Tavares, J Lorey, C Pacciani, L Porras, A Recillas, E Reinthal, R Tornikoski, M Wolfert, D Zottmann, N AF Ahnen, M. L. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L. A. Antoranz, P. Babic, A. Banerjee, B. Bangale, P. De Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J. A. Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Biasuzzi, B. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnefoy, S. Bonnoli, G. Borracci, F. Bretz, T. Carmona, E. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, A. Clavero, R. Colin, P. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. De Ona Wilhelmi, E. Delgado Mendez, C. Di Pierro, F. Prester, D. Dominis Dorner, D. Doro, M. Einecke, S. Glawion, D. Eisenacher Elsaesser, D. Fernandez-Barral, A. Fidalgo, D. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Frantzen, K. Fruck, C. Galindo, D. Garcia Lopez, R. J. Garczarczyk, M. Garrido Terrats, D. Gaug, M. Giammaria, P. Godinovic, N. Gonzalez Munoz, A. Guberman, D. Hahn, A. Hanabata, Y. Hayashida, M. Herrera, J. Hose, J. Hrupec, D. Hughes, G. Idec, W. Kodani, K. Konno, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. La Barbera, A. Lelas, D. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Lopez, M. Lopez-Coto, R. Lopez-Oramas, A. Lorenz, E. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallot, K. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Marcote, B. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Mazin, D. Menzel, U. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Moralejo, A. Moretti, E. Nakajima, D. Neustroev, V. Niedzwiecki, A. Nievas Rosillo, M. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Orito, R. Overkemping, A. Paiano, S. Palacio, J. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J. M. Paredes-Fortuny, X. Persic, M. Poutanen, J. Moroni, P. G. Prada Prandini, E. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, J. Garcia, J. Rodriguez Saito, T. Satalecka, K. Schultz, C. Schweizer, T. Shore, S. N. Sillanpaa, A. Sitarek, J. Snidaric, I. Sobczynska, D. Stamerra, A. Steinbring, T. Strzys, M. Takalo, L. Takami, H. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzic, T. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Thaele, J. Torres, D. F. Toyama, T. Treves, A. Verguilov, V. Vovk, I. Ward, J. E. Will, M. Wu, M. H. Zanin, R. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bonino, R. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Di Venere, L. Dominguez, A. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Jogler, T. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Maldera, S. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mirabal, N. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Nuss, E. Ojha, R. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Troja, E. Wood, K. S. Balokovic, M. Berdyugin, A. Carraminana, A. Carrasco, L. Chavushyan, V. Ramazani, V. Fallah Feige, M. Haarto, S. Haeusner, P. Hovatta, T. Kania, J. Klamt, J. Lahteenmaki, A. Leon-Tavares, J. Lorey, C. Pacciani, L. Porras, A. Recillas, E. Reinthal, R. Tornikoski, M. Wolfert, D. Zottmann, N. CA MAGIC Collaboration Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI VERY HIGH ENERGY gamma-RAYS FROM THE UNIVERSE'S MIDDLE AGE: DETECTION OF THE z=0.940 BLAZAR PKS 1441+25 WITH MAGIC SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (PKS 1441+25) ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; RADIATION-FIELDS; SOURCE CATALOG; LINE BLAZARS; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; MISSION AB The flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1441+25 at a redshift of z = 0.940 is detected between 40 and 250 GeV with a significance of 25.5 sigma using the MAGIC telescopes. Together with the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO. B0218 +357 (z = 0.944), PKS. 1441+25 is the most distant very high energy (VHE) blazar detected to date. The observations were triggered by an outburst in 2015 April seen at GeV energies with the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi. Multi-wavelength observations suggest a subdivision of the high state into two distinct flux states. In the band covered by MAGIC, the variability timescale is estimated to be 6.4 +/- 1.9 days. Modeling the broadband spectral energy distribution with an external Compton model, the location of the emitting region is understood as originating in the jet outside the broad-line region (BLR) during the period of high activity, while being partially within the BLR during the period of low (typical) activity. The observed VHE spectrum during the highest activity is used to probe the extragalactic background light at an unprecedented distance scale for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. C1 [Biland, A.; Hughes, G.; Prandini, E.] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ansoldi, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; De Lotto, B.; Palatiello, M.; Persic, M.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Ansoldi, S.; Biasuzzi, B.; De Lotto, B.; Palatiello, M.; Persic, M.] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Antonelli, L. A.; Bonnoli, G.; Carosi, A.; Covino, S.; Di Pierro, F.; Giammaria, P.; La Barbera, A.; Lombardi, S.; Maraschi, L.; Stamerra, A.; Tavecchio, F.] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; Da Vela, P.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Antoranz, P.; Da Vela, P.; Miranda, J. M.; Paoletti, R.] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Babic, A.; Prester, D. Dominis; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Snidaric, I.; Terzic, T.] Univ Split, Univ Rijeka, Rudjer Boskov Inst, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Split, Croatia. [Babic, A.; Prester, D. Dominis; Godinovic, N.; Hrupec, D.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Snidaric, I.; Terzic, T.] Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Banerjee, B.; Chatterjee, A.; Majumdar, P.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata 700064, India. [Bangale, P.; De Almeida, U. Barres; Borracci, F.; Colin, P.; Dazzi, F.; Doro, M.; Fruck, C.; Hahn, A.; Hose, J.; Lorenz, E.; Mazin, D.; Menzel, U.; Mirzoyan, R.; Moretti, E.; Noda, K.; Paneque, D.; Garcia, J. Rodriguez; Schweizer, T.; Strzys, M.; Teshima, M.; Toyama, T.; Vovk, I.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Barrio, J. A.; Bonnefoy, S.; Contreras, J. L.; Fidalgo, D.; Fonseca, M. V.; Lopez, M.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Satalecka, K.] Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Bednarek, W.; Idec, W.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Sitarek, J.; Sobczynska, D.] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. [Bernardini, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Mallot, K.; Mayer, M.] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Bernardini, E.] Humboldt Univ, Ist Phys Newtonstr, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Blanch, O.; Cortina, J.; Fernandez-Barral, A.; Gonzalez Munoz, A.; Guberman, D.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lopez-Oramas, A.; Martinez, M.; Moralejo, A.; Palacio, J.; Rico, J.; Ward, J. E.] IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Bretz, T.; Dorner, D.; Glawion, D. Eisenacher; Elsaesser, D.; Mannheim, K.; Steinbring, T.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Carmona, E.; Delgado Mendez, C.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambient & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Clavero, R.; Colombo, E.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Herrera, J.; Manganaro, M.; Tescaro, D.; Will, M.; Becerra Gonzalez, J.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. [Clavero, R.; Colombo, E.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Herrera, J.; Manganaro, M.; Tescaro, D.; Will, M.; Becerra Gonzalez, J.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [De Angelis, A.; Mariotti, M.; Paiano, S.; Schultz, C.] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [De Angelis, A.; Mariotti, M.; Paiano, S.; Schultz, C.] INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [De Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Torres, D. F.; Wu, M. H.; Li, J.] Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Doro, M.; Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Einecke, S.; Frantzen, K.; Overkemping, A.; Rhode, W.; Thaele, J.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Font, L.; Garrido Terrats, D.; Gaug, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Unitat Fis Radiac, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Font, L.; Garrido Terrats, D.; Gaug, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Mazin, D.; Nakajima, D.; Nishijima, K.; Orito, R.; Saito, T.; Takami, H.; Teshima, M.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, ICRR, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Mazin, D.; Nakajima, D.; Nishijima, K.; Orito, R.; Saito, T.; Takami, H.; Teshima, M.] Univ Tokushima, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr,KEK, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. [Lindfors, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nilsson, K.; Poutanen, J.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Lindfors, E.; Neustroev, V.; Nilsson, K.; Poutanen, J.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L.] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland. [Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Temnikov, P.; Verguilov, V.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.; Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Moroni, P. G. Prada; Shore, S. N.] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Ajello, M.; Dominguez, A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.; Troja, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Jogler, T.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Jogler, T.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Mirabal, N.; Ojha, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Becerra Gonzalez, J.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra Gonzalez, J.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Desiante, R.; Maldera, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] M Merlin Univ, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] AlbaNova, KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ojha, R.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ojha, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Balokovic, M.; Hovatta, T.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Berdyugin, A.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Reinthal, R.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Carraminana, A.; Carrasco, L.; Chavushyan, V.; Leon-Tavares, J.; Porras, A.; Recillas, E.] INAOE, Puebla 72000, Mexico. [Feige, M.; Haeusner, P.; Kania, J.; Klamt, J.; Lorey, C.; Wolfert, D.; Zottmann, N.] Friedrich Koenig Gymnasium, Nat Wissensch Labor Schuler, Wurzburg, Germany. [Haarto, S.; Hovatta, T.; Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Aalto Univ Metsahovi Radio Observ, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Lahteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Pacciani, L.] INAF Ist Astrofis Planetol & Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Ahnen, ML (reprint author), ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM manganaro@iac.es; miguelnievas@ucm.es; fabrizio.tavecchio@brera.inaf.it; josefa.becerra@nasa.gov RI Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/I-2004-2015; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Font, Lluis/L-4197-2014; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Poutanen, Juri/H-6651-2016; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia/K-9738-2014; Manganaro, Marina/B-7657-2011; Lopez Moya, Marcos/L-2304-2014; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Maneva, Galina/L-7120-2016; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Makariev, Martin/M-2122-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; Martinez Rodriguez, Manel/C-2539-2017; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017 OI Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-2235-0725; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Font, Lluis/0000-0003-2109-5961; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia/0000-0002-8321-9168; Manganaro, Marina/0000-0003-1530-3031; Lopez Moya, Marcos/0000-0002-8791-7908; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X FU German BMBF; German MPG; Italian INFN; Italian INAF; Swiss National Fund SNF; ERDF under the Spanish MINECO [FPA2012-39502]; ERDF under the Spanish MECD [FPU13/00618]; Japanese JSPS; Japanese MEXT; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [SEV-2012-0234]; CPAN project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2007-00042]; MultiDark project of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme [CSD2009-00064]; Academy of Finland [268740]; Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) [09/176]; University of Rijeka [13.12.1.3.02]; DFG Collaborative Research Centers [SFB823/C4, SFB876/C3]; Polish MNiSzW [745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0]; NASA (United States); DOE (United States); CEA/Irfu (France); IN2P3/CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); INFN (Italy); MEXT (Japan); KEK (Japan); JAXA (Japan); K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board (Sweden); INAF (Italy); CNES (France); PRIN-INAF FX We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN and INAF, the Swiss National Fund SNF, the ERDF under the Spanish MINECO (FPA2012-39502) and MECD (FPU13/00618), and the Japanese JSPS, and MEXT is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0234, CPAN CSD2007-00042, and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant 268740 of the Academy of Finland, by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project 09/176 and the University of Rijeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation and data analysis from NASA and DOE (United States), CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France), ASI and INFN (Italy), MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan), and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged.; We thank the Swift team duty scientists and science planners. L.P. acknowledges the PRIN-INAF 2014 financial support. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 2 AR L23 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/815/2/L23 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC2XI UT WOS:000369081700007 ER PT J AU Ugarte-Urra, I Upton, L Warren, HP Hathaway, DH AF Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Upton, Lisa Warren, Harry P. Hathaway, David H. TI MAGNETIC FLUX TRANSPORT AND THE LONG-TERM EVOLUTION OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: evolution; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: photosphere; Sun: UV radiation ID DYNAMICS-OBSERVATORY SDO; MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER; MERIDIONAL FLOW; SUN; FIELD; SURFACE; CYCLE; MAGNETOGRAMS; PARAMETERS; PLASMA AB With multiple vantage points around the Sun, Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory imaging observations provide a unique opportunity to view the solar surface continuously. We use He II 304 angstrom data from these observatories to isolate and track ten active regions and study their long-term evolution. We find that active regions typically follow a standard pattern of emergence over several days followed by a slower decay that is proportional in time to the peak intensity in the region. Since STEREO does not make direct observations of the magnetic field, we employ a flux-luminosity relationship to infer the total unsigned magnetic flux evolution. To investigate this magnetic flux decay over several rotations we use a surface flux transport model, the Advective Flux Transport model, that simulates convective flows using a time-varying velocity field and find that the model provides realistic predictions when information about the active region's magnetic field strength and distribution at peak flux is available. Finally, we illustrate how 304 A images can be used as a proxy for magnetic flux measurements when magnetic field data is not accessible. C1 [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7681, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hathaway, David H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491; Hathaway, David/0000-0003-1191-3748; Warren, Harry/0000-0001-6102-6851 FU NASA [NNX13AE06G] FX We would like to thank the referee for insightful comments that helped improve the paper. I.U.U. acknowledges funding from the NASA grant NNX13AE06G. H.P.W.'s participation was supported by CNR. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and U. Bham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA and IAS (France). AIA and HMI data are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA and HMI science teams. I.U.U. and H.P.W. would like to thank Neil Sheeley for many helpful conversations. I.U.U. also acknowledges useful comments from William T. Thompson about the EUVI-AIA corrections available in the Solar Soft STEREO beacon directories. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 2 AR 90 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/90 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CZ5OG UT WOS:000367151300010 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Russell, JN Karwacki, CJ AF Morris, John R. Russell, John N., Jr. Karwacki, Christopher J. TI An Operando View of the Nanoscale SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; CATALYSTS; EVOLUTION; XPS; CO2 C1 [Morris, John R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Russell, John N., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Karwacki, Christopher J.] US Army, Protect & Decontaminat Div, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Karwacki, CJ (reprint author), US Army, Protect & Decontaminat Div, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM christopher.j.karwacki.civ@mail.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 24 BP 4923 EP 4926 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02330 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CZ1SQ UT WOS:000366886000008 PM 26722703 ER PT J AU Schorr, GS Falcone, EA Moretti, DJ Andrews, RD AF Schorr, Gregory S. Falcone, Erin A. Moretti, David J. Andrews, Russel D. TI Rebuttal to the Formal Comment on Schorr et al. (2014) submitted by Tyack et al. (2015) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schorr, Gregory S.; Falcone, Erin A.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Moretti, David J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Schorr, GS (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM gschorr@cascadiaresearch.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 AR e0142437 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0142437 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY9JO UT WOS:000366723400002 PM 26678543 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Kumar, A Jendrzejewski, F Wilson, RM Edwards, M Eckel, S Campbell, GK Clark, CW AF Wang, Yi-Hsieh Kumar, A. Jendrzejewski, F. Wilson, Ryan M. Edwards, Mark Eckel, S. Campbell, G. K. Clark, Charles W. TI Resonant wavepackets and shock waves in an atomtronic SQUID SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronics; shock waves; Bose-Einstein condensation; atom trap; sodium; quasiparticle; soliton ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; INTERFERENCE; PROPAGATION; PARTICLES; SOLITONS AB The fundamental dynamics of ultracold atomtronic devices are reflected in their phonon modes of excitation. We probe such a spectrum by applying a harmonically driven potential barrier to a Na-23 Bose-Einstein condensate in a ring-shaped trap. This perturbation excites phonon wavepackets. When excited resonantly, these wavepackets display a regular periodic structure. The resonant frequencies depend upon the particular configuration of the barrier, but are commensurate with the orbital frequency of a Bogoliubov sound wave traveling around the ring. Energy transfer to the condensate over many cycles of the periodic wavepacket motion causes enhanced atom loss from the trap at resonant frequencies. Solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation exhibit quantitative agreement with the experimental data. We also observe the generation of supersonic shock waves under conditions of strong excitation, and collisions of two shock wavepackets. C1 [Wang, Yi-Hsieh; Kumar, A.; Jendrzejewski, F.; Wilson, Ryan M.; Edwards, Mark; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Yi-Hsieh; Kumar, A.; Jendrzejewski, F.; Wilson, Ryan M.; Edwards, Mark; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Yi-Hsieh] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jendrzejewski, F.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Wilson, Ryan M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM charles.clark@nist.gov RI Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016 OI Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 125012 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/125012 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ3QA UT WOS:000367017900002 ER PT J AU Peden, BM Wilson, RM McLanahan, ML Hall, J Rittenhouse, ST AF Peden, Brandon M. Wilson, Ryan M. McLanahan, Maverick L. Hall, Jesse Rittenhouse, Seth T. TI Two-state Bogoliubov theory of a molecular Bose gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GROUND-STATE; POLAR-MOLECULES; ATOMIC GAS; FERMI GAS; LATTICE AB We present an analytic Bogoliubov description of a Bose-Einstein condensate of polar molecules trapped in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry and interacting via internal state-dependent dipole-dipole interactions. We derive the mean-field ground-state energy functional, and we derive analytic expressions for the dispersion relations, Bogoliubov amplitudes, and static structure factors. This method can be applied to any homogeneous, two-component system with linear coupling and direct, momentum-dependent interactions. The properties of the mean-field ground state, including polarization and stability, are investigated, and we identify three distinct instabilities: a density-wave rotonization that occurs when the gas is fully polarized, a spin-wave rotonization that occurs near zero polarization, and a mixed instability at intermediate fields. The nature of these instabilities is clarified by means of the real-space density-density correlation functions, which characterize the spontaneous fluctuations of the ground state, and the momentum-space structure factors, which characterize the response of the system to external perturbations. We find that the gas is susceptible to both density-wave and spin-wave responses in the polarized limit but only a spin-wave response in the zero-polarization limit. These results are relevant for experiments with rigid rotor molecules such as RbCs, Lambda-doublet molecules such as ThO that have an anomalously small zero-field splitting, and doublet-Sigma molecules such as SrF where two low-lying opposite-parity states can be tuned to zero splitting by an external magnetic field. C1 [Peden, Brandon M.; McLanahan, Maverick L.; Hall, Jesse; Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Rittenhouse, Seth T.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peden, BM (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM brandon.peden@wwu.edu FU NSF [PHY-1516337, PHY-1516421] FX We acknowledge many fruitful discussions with J. L. Bohn, B. L. Johnson, R.V. Krems, C. Ticknor, E. Timmermans, and H. R. Sadeghpour. This work was partially funded by NSF Grants No. PHY-1516337 and No. PHY-1516421. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 6 AR 063624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.063624 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CY9MG UT WOS:000366730400003 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Bai, X Bairathi, V Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, G Bouchet, J Brandenburg, D Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCDLB Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, X Chen, JH Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng, Z Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, T Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jia, J Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisiel, A Kochenda, L Koetke, DD Kosarzewski, LK Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kumar, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, C Li, X Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Ma, R Ma, L Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Mei, JC Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mishra, D Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Niida, T Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, D Page, BS Pak, R Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Pluta, J Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Sharma, MK Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Singha, S Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Smirnov, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stepanov, M Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, B Sun, Y Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, A Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Todoroki, T Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, JS Wang, F Wang, H Wang, G Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Wu Xiao, ZG Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, Z Xu, QH Xu, YF Xu, N Yang, S Yang, Y Yang, Q Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, JB Zhang, J Zhang, XP Zhang, S Zhang, J Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Bai, X. Bairathi, V. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, G. Bouchet, J. Brandenburg, D. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, X. Chen, J. H. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng, Z. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, T. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jia, J. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisiel, A. Kochenda, L. Koetke, D. D. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kumar, L. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, C. Li, X. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Ma, R. Ma, L. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Mei, J. C. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, D. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Niida, T. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D., Jr. Page, B. S. Pak, R. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Pluta, J. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. K. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Singha, S. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stepanov, M. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Todoroki, T. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, J. S. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Wu Xiao, Z. G. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, Z. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. F. Xu, N. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV Au + Au and d plus Au collisions at STAR SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PB-PB COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEV; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; PP; COLLABORATION; HADRONIZATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The STAR Collaboration presents for the first time two-dimensional di-hadron correlations with identified leading hadrons in 200 GeV central Au+Au and minimum-bias d+Au collisions to explore hadronization mechanisms in the quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of the jet-like yield for leading pions in Au + Au data with respect to the d + Au reference and the absence of such an enhancement for leading non-pions (protons and kaons) are discussed within the context of a quark recombination scenario. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Heppelmann, S.; Huang, T.; Jia, J.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Todoroki, T.; Tribedy, P.; Ullrich, T.; van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Z.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S. S.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bai, X.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Singha, S.; Wu] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kochenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Bairathi, V.; Haque, R.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pawlik, B.] PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stepanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Brandenburg, D.; Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Tlusty, D.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, S.; Yang, Q.; Yang, C.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Mei, J. C.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Shah, N.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Magdy, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Kauder, K.; Llope, W. J.; Niida, T.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Tawfik, A.] World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.; Yi, L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. RP Kauder, K (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NSFC of China; CAS of China; MOST of China; MOE of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; GACR of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE of India; DST of India; UGC of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation of Croatia; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NSFC, CAS, MOST and MOE of China, the National Research Foundation of Korea, GACR and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and UGC of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 17 PY 2015 VL 751 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.037 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CX0KF UT WOS:000365384600037 ER PT J AU Deiss, RG Arnold, JC Chen, WJ Echols, S Fairchok, MP Schofield, C Danaher, PJ McDonough, E Ridore, M Mor, D Burgess, TH Millar, EV AF Deiss, Robert G. Arnold, John C. Chen, Wei-Ju Echols, Sara Fairchok, Mary P. Schofield, Christina Danaher, Patrick J. McDonough, Erin Ridore, Michelande Mor, Deepika Burgess, Timothy H. Millar, Eugene V. TI Vaccine-associated reduction in symptom severity among patients with influenza A/H3N2 disease SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Influenza; Vaccine; Severity; Military ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; LABORATORY-CONFIRMED INFLUENZA; VIRUS-INFECTION; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; ADULTS; SEASON; POPULATION; OUTPATIENT; VALIDATION AB Background: The moderate level of protection conferred by influenza vaccines is well-known, but the vaccine's ability to attenuate symptom severity among vaccinated individuals (i.e., vaccine failures) has not been established. Methods: We enrolled otherwise healthy adults who presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) at five US military hospitals between 2009 and 2014. Influenza was diagnosed and subtyped by PCR. Individual and composite severity scores were compared between those who had vs. had not received the seasonal influenza vaccine >14 days prior to enrollment. Results: A total of 155 cases of influenza (A/H1N1, n=69; A/H3N2, n=66; A/untyped, n=3; B, n=17) were identified, of whom 111(72%; A/H1N1, n =44; A/H3N2, n = 52; A/untyped, n=3; B, n =12) had been vaccinated. Women were significantly less likely to be vaccinated than men (49% vs. 89%; p< 0.01). In multivariate analysis, vaccinated individuals were significantly less likely to report a fever >101 degrees F (OR 0.24; 95% CI [0.10, 0.62]) and more likely to report myalgias (OR 3.31; 95% CI [1.22, 8.97]) than vaccinated individuals. Among patients with A/H3N2 infection, upper respiratory and total symptom severity scores were significantly lower for vaccinated patients during the first 2 days of illness, and differences in total symptom severity persisted over 7 days (p <0.05 for all comparisons). Differences across additional symptom categories (lower respiratory and systemic) were also observed throughout 7 days of illness in bivariate analyses. Differences in symptom severity were not observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants with A/H1N1 infection. Conclusions: Among patients with A/H3N2 infection, receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with reduced symptom severity. Patient-centered discussion about the benefits of influenza vaccination should be expanded to include the possibility that the vaccine could attenuate symptoms. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deiss, Robert G.; Chen, Wei-Ju; Echols, Sara; Fairchok, Mary P.; Ridore, Michelande; Mor, Deepika; Millar, Eugene V.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Deiss, Robert G.; Arnold, John C.; Echols, Sara] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Deiss, Robert G.; Chen, Wei-Ju; Echols, Sara; Fairchok, Mary P.; McDonough, Erin; Ridore, Michelande; Mor, Deepika; Millar, Eugene V.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Fairchok, Mary P.; Schofield, Christina] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Danaher, Patrick J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [McDonough, Erin] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Burgess, Timothy H.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Deiss, RG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Naval Med Ctr San Diego,Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM robert.g.deiss.ctr@mail.mil; emillar@idcrp.org FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX The work was supported by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement [Y1-AI-5072]. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 51 BP 7160 EP 7167 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.004 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CZ0FD UT WOS:000366779600006 PM 26562321 ER PT J AU Bucossi, AR Cress, CD Schauerman, CM Rossi, JE Puchades, I Landi, BJ AF Bucossi, Andrew R. Cress, Cory D. Schauerman, Christopher M. Rossi, Jamie E. Puchades, Ivan Landi, Brian J. TI Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Extruded Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Wires from Modified Coagulation Parameters and Mechanical Processing SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotubes; chlorosulfonic acid; dispersion; extrusion; coagulation; electrical conductivity ID FIBERS; NETWORKS; CONDUCTORS; CABLES AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesized via laser vaporization have been dispersed using chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and extruded under varying coagulation conditions to fabricate multifunctional wires. The use of high purity SWCNT material based upon established purification methods yields wires with highly aligned nanoscale morphology and an over 4X improvement in electrical conductivity over as-produced SWCNT material. A series of eight liquids have been evaluated for use as a coagulant bath, and each coagulant yielded unique wire morphology based on its interaction with the SWCNT-CSA dispersion. In particular, dimethylacetamide as a coagulant bath is shown to fabricate highly uniform SWCNT wires, and acetone coagulant baths result in the highest specific conductivity and tensile strength. A 2X improvement in specific conductivity has been measured for SWCNT wires following tensioning induced both during extrusion via increased coagulant bath depth and during solvent evaporation via mechanical strain, over that of as-extruded wires from shallower coagulant baths. Overall, combination of the optimized coagulation parameters has yielded acid-doped wires with the highest reported room temperature electrical conductivities to date of 4.1-5.0 MS/m and tensile strengths of 210-250 MPa. Such improvements in bulk electrical conductivity can impact the adoption of metal-free, multifunctional SWCNT materials for advanced cabling architectures. C1 [Bucossi, Andrew R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microsyst Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bucossi, Andrew R.; Schauerman, Christopher M.; Rossi, Jamie E.; Puchades, Ivan; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Rossi, Jamie E.; Puchades, Ivan; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, BJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Government; Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program through Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Office of Naval Research [N00014-15-1-2720] FX The authors thank Dr. Robert J. Parody for helpful discussions. The authors acknowledge funding from the U.S. Government, a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program through funding from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and a grant from the Office of Naval Research #N00014-15-1-2720. All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official positions or views of the Intelligence Community or any other U.S. Government agency. The contents of this document should not be construed as asserting or implying U.S. Government authentication of information or Intelligence Community endorsement of the author's views. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 49 BP 27299 EP 27305 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b08668 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ1NZ UT WOS:000366873900032 PM 26632650 ER PT J AU Roy, D Giller, CB Hogan, TE Roland, CM AF Roy, D. Giller, C. B. Hogan, T. E. Roland, C. M. TI The rheology and gelation of bidisperse 1,4-polybutadiene SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polybutadiene; Molecular weight distribution; Gelation ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; LINEAR VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; NARROW-DISTRIBUTION POLY(CIS-ISOPRENE); DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FOURIER-TRANSFORM RHEOLOGY; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENES; RELAXATION-TIME SPECTRUM; REPTATION MIXING RULE; SHEAR-FLOW BEHAVIOR; POLYMER MELTS AB 1,4-polybutadiene (PB) of varying molecular weight, M, and varying polydispersity (obtained by mixing monodisperse PB) was characterized. As is well-known, some rheological properties are affected by both molecular-weight and polydispersity; however, others show a dependence on M, but not on molecular weight distribution (MWD). We find that the viscosity at constant weight-average M can be accurately accounted for from the ratio of the z- and weight average molecular weights. For M for which the steady-state recoverable compliance, J(s), becomes invariant, no effect of polydispersity on J(s) was observed; this observation is contrary to the limited available literature. Gelation of the PB was also studied. In accord with previous work, the reaction time for network formation and the degree of crosslinking at the gel point both decrease significantly with increasing MWD. The only reliable measure of the gel point for polydisperse samples was from extrapolation of the soluble fraction of networks obtained for various states of cure. Different expressions describing the incipient network of crosslinking polymers were evaluated; these relations were found to be in quantitative mutual accord. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roy, D.; Giller, C. B.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hogan, T. E.] Bridgestone Americas, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44301 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Nationals Research Council; American Society for Engineering Education; Office of Naval Research FX DR and CBG acknowledge postdoctoral fellowships from the Nationals Research Council and the American Society for Engineering Education, respectively. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 16 PY 2015 VL 81 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.004 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CX6LZ UT WOS:000365813800013 ER PT J AU Duru, K Kozdon, JE Kreiss, G AF Duru, Kenneth Kozdon, Jeremy E. Kreiss, Gunilla TI Boundary conditions and stability of a perfectly matched layer for the elastic wave equation in first order form SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Elastic wave equation; First order systems; Rayleigh surface waves; Perfectly matched layers; Stability; Normal mode analysis; High order finite difference; Summation-by-parts; Penalty method ID 2ND-ORDER FORMULATION; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; ABSORBING LAYER; SCHEMES; PML AB In computations, it is now common to surround artificial boundaries of a computational domain with a perfectly matched layer (PML) of finite thickness in order to prevent artificially reflected waves from contaminating a numerical simulation. Unfortunately, the PML does not give us an indication about appropriate boundary conditions needed to close the edges of the PML, or how those boundary conditions should be enforced in a numerical setting. Terminating the PML with an inappropriate boundary condition or an unstable numerical boundary procedure can lead to exponential growth in the PML which will eventually destroy the accuracy of a numerical simulation everywhere. In this paper, we analyze the stability and the well-posedness of boundary conditions terminating the PML for the elastic wave equation in first order form. First, we consider a vertical modal PML truncating a two space dimensional computational domain in the horizontal direction. We freeze all coefficients and consider a left half-plane problem with linear boundary conditions terminating the PML. The normal mode analysis is used to study the stability and well-posedness of the resulting initial boundary value problem (IBVP). The result is that any linear well-posed boundary condition yielding an energy estimate for the elastic wave equation, without the PML, will also lead to a well-posed IBVP for the PML. Second, we extend the analysis to the PML corner region where both a horizontal and vertical PML are simultaneously active. The challenge lies in constructing accurate and stable numerical approximations for the PML and the boundary conditions. Third, we develop a high order accurate finite difference approximation of the PML subject to the boundary conditions. To enable accurate and stable numerical boundary treatments for the PML we construct continuous energy estimates in the Laplace space for a one space dimensional problem and two space dimensional PML corner problem. We use summation-by-parts finite difference operators to approximate the spatial derivatives and impose boundary conditions weakly using penalties. In order to ensure numerical stability of the discrete PML, it is necessary to extend the numerical boundary procedure to the auxiliary differential equations. This is crucial for deriving discrete energy estimates analogous to the continuous energy estimates. Numerical experiments are presented corroborating the theoretical results. Moreover, in order to ensure longtime numerical stability, the boundary condition closing the PML, or its corresponding discrete implementation, must be dissipative. Furthermore, the numerical experiments demonstrate the stable and robust treatment of PML corners. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Duru, Kenneth] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kozdon, Jeremy E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. [Kreiss, Gunilla] Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Div Comp Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Duru, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kduru@stanford.edu OI Kozdon, Jeremy/0000-0002-2493-4292 FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) through a joint KAUST Academic Excellence Alliance (AEA); National Science Foundation [OCI-1122734, EAR-1033462]; Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); USGS [G12AC20038] FX The work of the first author (K.D.) was supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) through a joint KAUST Academic Excellence Alliance (AEA) grant with Stanford. The second author (J.E.K.) acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation (OCI-1122734) and the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-1033462 and USGS Cooperative Agreement G12AC20038. The SCEC contribution number for this paper is 2070. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2015 VL 303 BP 372 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.09.048 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CW3IX UT WOS:000364886900024 ER PT J AU Lebedev, N Mahmud, S Griva, I Blom, A Tender, LM AF Lebedev, Nikolai Mahmud, Syed Griva, Igor Blom, Anders Tender, Leonard M. TI On the electron transfer through Geobacter sulfurreducens PilA protein SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE conductive pili; Geobacter sulfurreducens; electroactive biofilm; protein conductance; molecular electronics ID CONDUCTIVE BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; MICROBIAL NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR CONDUCTANCE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TRANSPORT; BIOFILMS; MECHANISM; JUNCTIONS AB Geobacter sulfurreducens pili composed of the Type IV pili structural peptide PilA have been implicated as efficient electronic conductors. Though investigated experimentally, no detailed theoretical studies have been performed to date that provide quantitative estimation of the transmission spectrum, electron transfer (ET) paths, efficiency of current generation, and other factors needed for understanding possible mechanisms of conductivity. In the present work, we calculate from first principles the possibilities of electron tunneling through 3 PilA fragments which structure was identified recently by NMR. The results indicate that positively charged amino acids, arginines and lysines form electrostatic traps in the middle of the peptide preventing ET at low bias voltages ( 10 MeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the low-frequency-peaked BL Lac (LBL) object AP Librae, its electromagnetic spectrum is studied over 60 octaves in energy. Contemporaneous data in radio, optical and UV together with the (non-simultaneous) gamma-ray data are used to construct the most precise spectral energy distribution of this source. The data have been found to be modelled with difficulties with single-zone homogeneous leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiative scenarios due to the unprecedented width of the HE component when compared to the lower-energy component. The two other LBL objects also detected at VHE appear to have similar modelling difficulties. Nevertheless, VHE gamma-rays produced in the extended jet could account for the VHE flux observed by HESS. C1 [Sanchez, D. A.] Univ Savoie, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Fegan, S.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Fortin, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Szostek, A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Szostek, A.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baczko, A. -K.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Astron Inst, Dr Karl Remeis Observ ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Baczko, A. -K.; Kadler, M. L.] Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Astron, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Finke, J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kovalev, Y. Y.] Astro Space Ctr, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Kovalev, Y. Y.; Pushkarev, A. B.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lister, M. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, Nauchny 98409, Crimea, Russia. [Pushkarev, A. B.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Savolainen, T.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland. RP Sanchez, DA (reprint author), Univ Savoie, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. EM david.andre.sanchez@lapp.in2p3.fr RI Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Pushkarev, Alexander/M-9997-2015; OI Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; NASA-Fermi grant [NNX12A087G]; Labex ENIGMASS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-02-12103]; Academy of Finland [274477] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE data base that is maintained by the MOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2009). The MOJAVE program is supported under NASA-Fermi grant NNX12A087G.; DS was partially supported by the Labex ENIGMASS.; YYK and ABP were supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 13-02-12103).; TS was partly supported by the Academy of Finland project 274477. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 454 IS 3 BP 3229 EP 3239 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2151 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7QY UT WOS:000368000400075 ER PT J AU Woolf, RS Hutcheson, AL Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Woolf, Richard S. Hutcheson, Anthony L. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. TI Response of the Li-7-enriched Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC-7) scintillator to 6-60 MeV neutrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE CLYC-7; Fast neutrons; Cyclotron; Pulse shape discrimination; Light output ID ORGANIC SCINTILLATOR; DISCRIMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; GAMMA; PURE AB We discuss a test campaign designed to irradiate the Li-7-enriched Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC-7) scintillator with 6-60 MeV neutrons using the cyclotron located at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory in Davis, CA. CLYC-7 is a newly developed scintillator that exhibits the ability to make good gamma-ray measurements and has the ability to detect and discriminate fast neutrons via pulse shape discrimination (PSD) while functioning as a spectrometer. This allows a single detector to make good measurement of both stimuli simultaneously. The response of this scintillation detector has been investigated below 20 MeV it but has yet to be explored for energies greater than 20 MeV. Understanding the spectral and pulse shape response across a broad energy range is important for any radiation detection instrumentation capable of detecting multiple species. At the highest energies sampled, the CLYC-7 PSD demonstrated not only the standard electron/proton separation expected in a mixed gamma/n field but the ability to discriminate locally produced deuterons, tritons and alpha particles. We show the results from the four different neutron beam energies sampled during the experiment. Lastly, we present the results obtained for relating the light output equivalence between electrons and protons/deuterons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woolf, Richard S.; Hutcheson, Anthony L.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woolf, RS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.woolf@nrl.navy.mil; anthony.hutcheson@nrl.navy.mil; bernard.phlips@nrl.navy.mil; eric.wulf@nrl.navy.mil FU Chief of Naval Research (CNR) FX This work was sponsored by the Chief of Naval Research (CNR). The authors would like to thank the following people: Spencer Hartman from the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory for his assistance during the neutron beam campaign; Joshua Tower from Radiation Monitoring Devices for loaning our group the super bialkali PMT; J. Eric Grove and Lee Mitchell from the Naval Research Laboratory for useful discussions on data analysis. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2015 VL 803 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.08.080 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CU3ZF UT WOS:000363464600008 ER PT J AU Colaninno, RC Vourlidas, A AF Colaninno, Robin C. Vourlidas, Angelos TI USING MULTIPLE-VIEWPOINT OBSERVATIONS TO DETERMINE THE INTERACTION OF THREE CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS OBSERVED ON 2012 MARCH 5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID 2-STEP GEOMAGNETIC STORM; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; 1 AU; RADIO-EMISSION; COMPLEX EJECTA; SHOCK-WAVE; EARTH; SUN; EVENTS AB We examine the interaction of three coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that took place on 2012 March 5 at heights less than 20 R-circle dot in the corona. We used a forward fitting model to reconstruct the three-dimensional trajectories and kinematics of the CMEs and determine their interaction in the observations from three viewpoints: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), STEREO-A, and STEREO-B. The first CME (CME-1), a slow-rising eruption near disk center, is already in progress at 02:45. UT when the second CME (CME-2) erupts from AR 11429 on the east limb. These two CMEs are present in the corona not interacting when a third CME (CME-3) erupts from AR 11429 at 03:34 UT. CME-3 has a constant velocity of 1456[+/- 31] km s(-1) and drives a shock that is observed as a halo from all viewpoints. We find that the shock driven by CME-3 passed through CME-1 with no observable change in the geometry, trajectory, or velocity of CME-1. However, the elevated temperatures detected in situ when CME-1 reached Earth indicate that the plasma inside CME-1 may have been heated by the passage of the shock. CME-2 is accelerated by CME-3 to more than twice its initial velocity and remains a separate structure ahead of the CME-3 front. CME-2 is deflected 24 degrees northward by CME-3 for a total deflection of 40 degrees from its source region. These results suggest that the collision of CME-2 and CME-3 is superelastic. This work demonstrates the capability and utility of fitting forward models to complex and interacting CMEs observed in the corona from multiple viewpoints. C1 [Colaninno, Robin C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vourlidas, Angelos] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Colaninno, RC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robin.colaninno@nrl.navy.mil; angelos.vourlidas@jhuapl.edu RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Colaninno, Robin/0000-0002-3253-4205 FU NASA; CNR FX The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and U. Bham (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). The SOHO/LASCO data used here are produced by a consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie (Germany), Laboratoire d'Astronomie (France), and the University of Birmingham (UK). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The AIA data are courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. This work was supported by NASA and CNR. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 1 AR 70 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/70 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CZ4XB UT WOS:000367105000070 ER PT J AU Marcu-Cheatham, DM Pottschmidt, K Kuhnel, M Muller, S Falkner, S Caballero, I Finger, MH Jenke, PJ Wilson-Hodge, CA Furst, F Grinberg, V Hemphill, PB Kreykenbohm, I Klochkov, D Rothschild, RE Terada, Y Enoto, T Iwakiri, W Wolff, MT Becker, PA Wood, KS Wilms, J AF Marcu-Cheatham, Diana M. Pottschmidt, Katja Kuehnel, Matthias Mueller, Sebastian Falkner, Sebastian Caballero, Isabel Finger, Mark H. Jenke, Peter J. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Fuerst, Felix Grinberg, Victoria Hemphill, Paul B. Kreykenbohm, Ingo Klochkov, Dmitry Rothschild, Richard E. Terada, Yukikatsu Enoto, Teruaki Iwakiri, Wataru Wolff, Michael T. Becker, Peter A. Wood, Kent S. Wilms, Joern TI THE TRANSIENT ACCRETING X-RAY PULSAR XTE J1946+274: STABILITY OF X-RAY PROPERTIES AT LOW FLUX AND UPDATED ORBITAL SOLUTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; pulsars: individual (XTE J1946+274); X-rays: binaries ID CYCLOTRON LINE ENERGY; NEUTRON-STARS; GX 304-1; OUTBURST; BINARY; LUMINOSITY; DISCOVERY; A0535+26; ABSORPTION; MODELS AB We present a timing and spectral analysis of the X-ray pulsar XTE J1946+274 observed with Suzaku during an outburst decline in 2010 October and compare with previous results. XTE J1946+274 is a transient X-ray binary consisting of a Be-type star and a neutron star with a 15.75 s pulse period in a 172 days orbit with 2-3 outbursts per orbit during phases of activity. We improve the orbital solution using data from multiple instruments. The X-ray spectrum can be described by an absorbed Fermi-Dirac cut-off power-law model along with a narrow Fe K alpha line at 6.4 keV and a weak Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature (CRSF) at similar to 35 keV. The Suzaku data are consistent with the previously observed continuum flux versus iron line flux correlation expected from fluorescence emission along the line of sight. However, the observed iron line flux is slightly higher, indicating the possibility of a higher iron abundance or the presence of non-uniform material. We argue that the source most likely has only been observed in the subcritical (non-radiation dominated) state since its pulse profile is stable over all observed luminosities and the energy of the CRSF is approximately the same at the highest (similar to 5 x 10(37) erg s(-1)) and lowest (similar to 5. x 10(36) erg s(-1)) observed 3-60 keV luminosities. C1 [Marcu-Cheatham, Diana M.; Pottschmidt, Katja] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Marcu-Cheatham, Diana M.; Pottschmidt, Katja] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Marcu-Cheatham, Diana M.; Pottschmidt, Katja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kuehnel, Matthias; Mueller, Sebastian; Falkner, Sebastian; Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Wilms, Joern] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Observ, Bamberg, Germany. [Kuehnel, Matthias; Mueller, Sebastian; Falkner, Sebastian; Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Wilms, Joern] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, Bamberg, Germany. [Caballero, Isabel] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS INSU, Lab AIM, CEA DSM IRFU SAp,CEA IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Finger, Mark H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Jenke, Peter J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Fuerst, Felix] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grinberg, Victoria] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hemphill, Paul B.; Rothschild, Richard E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Klochkov, Dmitry] Univ Tubingen IAAT, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany. [Terada, Yukikatsu] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Enoto, Teruaki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Enoto, Teruaki] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Iwakiri, Wataru] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Wolff, Michael T.; Wood, Kent S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Becker, Peter A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Marcu-Cheatham, DM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Falkner, Sebastian/0000-0001-5209-991X; Hemphill, Paul/0000-0002-1676-6954 FU Suzaku NASA Guest Observer grant [NNX11AD41G]; NASA Astrophysical Data Analysis Program grant [12-ADAP12-0118]; Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50OR1113, 50OR1207]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WI 1860/11-1]; NASA through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) [SV3-73016]; Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) and Science Instruments; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX D.M.M.-C. and K.P. acknowledge support by Suzaku NASA Guest Observer grant NNX11AD41G and NASA Astrophysical Data Analysis Program grant 12-ADAP12-0118. We acknowledge funding by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt grants 50OR1113 and 50OR1207 and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant WI 1860/11-1. We thank John E. Davis for the development of the SLXfig module, which was used to create Figure 4. M.T.W. and K.S.W. acknowledge support by the Chief of Naval Research and NASA Astrophysical Data Analysis Program grant 12-ADAP12-0118. V.G. acknowledges support by NASA through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) contract SV3-73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) and Science Instruments. CXC is operated by SAO for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 815 IS 1 AR 44 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/44 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CZ4XB UT WOS:000367105000044 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD Williams, SC Haghighirad, AA Singleton, J Zapf, V Manuel, P Mazin, II Li, Y Jeschke, HO Valenti, R Coldea, R AF Johnson, R. D. Williams, S. C. Haghighirad, A. A. Singleton, J. Zapf, V. Manuel, P. Mazin, I. I. Li, Y. Jeschke, H. O. Valenti, R. Coldea, R. TI Monoclinic crystal structure of alpha-RuCl3 and the zigzag antiferromagnetic ground state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; BETA-RUCL3 AB The layered honeycomb magnet alpha-RuCl3 has been proposed as a candidate to realize a Kitaev spin model with strongly frustrated, bond-dependent, anisotropic interactions between spin-orbit entangled j(eff) = 1/2 Ru3+ magnetic moments. Here, we report a detailed study of the three-dimensional crystal structure using x-ray diffraction on untwinned crystals combined with structural relaxation calculations. We consider several models for the stacking of honeycomb layers and find evidence for a parent crystal structure with a monoclinic unit cell corresponding to a stacking of layers with a unidirectional in-plane offset, with occasional in-plane sliding stacking faults, in contrast with the currently assumed trigonal three-layer stacking periodicity. We report electronic band-structure calculations for the monoclinic structure, which find support for the applicability of the j(eff) = 1/2 picture once spin-orbit coupling and electron correlations are included. Of the three nearest-neighbor Ru-Ru bonds that comprise the honeycomb lattice, the monoclinic structure makes the bond parallel to the b axis nonequivalent to the other two, and we propose that the resulting differences in the magnitude of the anisotropic exchange along these bonds could provide a natural mechanism to explain the previously reported spin gap in powder inelastic neutron scattering measurements, in contrast to spin models based on the three-fold symmetric trigonal structure, which predict a gapless spectrum within linear spin wave theory. Our susceptibility measurements on both powders and stacked crystals, as well as magnetic neutron powder diffraction, show a single magnetic transition upon cooling below T-N approximate to 13 K. The analysis of our neutron powder diffraction data provides evidence for zigzag magnetic order in the honeycomb layers with an antiferromagnetic stacking between layers. Magnetization measurements on stacked single crystals in pulsed field up to 60 T show a single transition around 8 T for in-plane fields followed by a gradual, asymptotic approach to magnetization saturation, as characteristic of strongly anisotropic exchange interactions. C1 [Johnson, R. D.; Williams, S. C.; Haghighirad, A. A.; Coldea, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Johnson, R. D.; Manuel, P.] Rutherford Appleton Lab STFC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Singleton, J.; Zapf, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, Y.; Jeschke, H. O.; Valenti, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Johnson, RD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM roger.johnson@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009; OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024; Williams, Stephanie/0000-0001-5370-5408 FU EPSRC [EP/H014934/1, EP/J003557/1, EP/M020517/1]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR49]; Royal Society; China Scholarship Council (CSC) Fellowship; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; KITP under NSF [PHY11-25915]; U. S. Department of Energy (DoE) Basic Energy Science Field Work Proposal "Science in 100 T"; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; U. S. DoE FX We acknowledge useful discussions regarding pulsed field magnetometry with P. A. Goddard, and regarding electronic structure with G. Khaliullin and S. Winter. Work in Oxford was supported by EPSRC under Grants No. EP/H014934/1, No. EP/J003557/1, and No. EP/M020517/1, and in Frankfurt by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Grant No. SFB/TR49. A.A.H. acknowledges support from the Royal Society through an International Newton Fellowship and Y.L. acknowledges support from a China Scholarship Council (CSC) Fellowship. I.I.M. was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. R.C. and R.V. were supported in part by KITP under NSF Grant No. PHY11-25915. Work at LANL was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DoE) Basic Energy Science Field Work Proposal "Science in 100 T." The NHMFL facility at LANL is funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U. S. DoE. In accordance with the EPSRC policy framework on research data, access to the data will be made available from Ref. [47]. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 15 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 10 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 23 AR 235119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.235119 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY0IU UT WOS:000366090600002 ER PT J AU Tennyson, EM Garrett, JL Frantz, JA Myers, JD Bekele, RY Sanghera, JS Munday, JN Leite, MS AF Tennyson, Elizabeth M. Garrett, Joseph L. Frantz, Jesse A. Myers, Jason D. Bekele, Robel Y. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Munday, Jeremy N. Leite, Marina S. TI Nanoimaging of Open-Circuit Voltage in Photovoltaic Devices SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SCANNING KELVIN PROBE; CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; NEAR-FIELD; SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; RESOLUTION; RECOMBINATION; HETEROJUNCTIONS C1 [Tennyson, Elizabeth M.; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tennyson, Elizabeth M.; Garrett, Joseph L.; Munday, Jeremy N.; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrett, Joseph L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Frantz, Jesse A.; Myers, Jason D.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bekele, Robel Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Munday, Jeremy N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Leite, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mleite@umd.edu RI Munday, Jeremy/E-6512-2016; Tennyson, Beth/D-6472-2017 OI Munday, Jeremy/0000-0002-0881-9876; Tennyson, Beth/0000-0003-0071-8445 FU Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, at the University of Maryland FX The authors acknowledge instrumentation assistance from D. Ha, D. Ma, J. Murray, B. Bartolo, T. Li, and Y. Zhang, and UMD Nanocenter, and financial support from the Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland. M.S.L. conceived and directed the research. E.M.T. and J.L.G. performed the KPFM measurements. E.M.T. performed macroscopic measurements and analyzed all the data presented in the paper. J.L.G. wrote the code to correct the drift of the images. J.A.F., J.D.M., R.Y.B., and J.S.S. designed and grew the CIGS samples. M.S.L. and J.N.M. analyzed the results. All authors commented on the paper. This project was funded through the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, at the University of Maryland. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 23 AR 1501142 DI 10.1002/aenm.201501142 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CZ6GQ UT WOS:000367199600006 ER PT J AU Tejero, EM Crabtree, C Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Mithaiwala, M Ganguli, G Rudakov, L AF Tejero, E. M. Crabtree, C. Blackwell, D. D. Amatucci, W. E. Mithaiwala, M. Ganguli, G. Rudakov, L. TI Nonlinear Generation of Electromagnetic Waves through Induced Scattering by Thermal Plasma SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES AB We demonstrate the conversion of electrostatic pump waves into electromagnetic waves through nonlinear induced scattering by thermal particles in a laboratory plasma. Electrostatic waves in the whistler branch are launched that propagate near the resonance cone. When the amplitude exceeds a threshold similar to 5 x 10(-6) times the background magnetic field, wave power is scattered below the pump frequency with wave normal angles (similar to 59 degrees), where the scattered wavelength reaches the limits of the plasma column. The scattered wave has a perpendicular wavelength that is an order of magnitude larger than the pump wave and longer than the electron skin depth. The amplitude threshold, scattered frequency spectrum, and scattered wave normal angles are in good agreement with theory. The results may affect the analysis and interpretation of space observations and lead to a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the Earth's plasma environment. C1 [Tejero, E. M.; Crabtree, C.; Blackwell, D. D.; Amatucci, W. E.; Mithaiwala, M.; Ganguli, G.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Tejero, EM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erik.tejero@nrl.navy.mil OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU Naval Research Laboratory base program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory base program. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 9 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17852 DI 10.1038/srep17852 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX9PU UT WOS:000366038600002 PM 26647962 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, L Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng, Z Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, X Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Kochenda, L Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, C Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, X Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, YG Ma, GL Ma, L Ma, R Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, D Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, D Page, BS Pak, R Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stepanov, M Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, B Sun, X Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, Y Surrow, B Svirida, N Szelezniak, MA Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, G Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, Y Wang, H Wang, JS Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, ZG Xie, W Xin, K Xu, QH Xu, Z Xu, H Xu, N Xu, YF Yang, Q Yang, Y Yang, S Yang, Y Yang, C Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, XP Zhang, J Zhang, Y Zhang, J Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, Z Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng, Z. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, X. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Kochenda, L. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, C. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, X. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, Y. G. Ma, G. L. Ma, L. Ma, R. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D., Jr. Page, B. S. Pak, R. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stepanov, M. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. Sun, X. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Surrow, B. Svirida, N. Szelezniak, M. A. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. G. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Y. F. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of Transverse Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations of Charged Pion Pairs in p(up arrow) + p at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZATION; NUCLEON; QCD AB We report the observation of transverse polarization-dependent azimuthal correlations in charged pion pair production with the STAR experiment in p(up arrow) + p collisions at RHIC. These correlations directly probe quark transversity distributions. We measure signals in excess of 5 standard deviations at high transverse momenta, at high pseudorapidities eta > 0.5, and for pair masses around the mass of the rho meson. This is the first direct transversity measurement in p + p collisions. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Heppelmann, S.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; wen, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Z.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S. S.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Daejeon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kochenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stepanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yang, C.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, L.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Kauder, K.; Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bijenicka Cesta 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 FU Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; UGC of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and UGC of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 24 AR 242501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.242501 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY0OZ UT WOS:000366106700003 PM 26705627 ER PT J AU Iqbal, Y Jeschke, HO Reuther, J Valenti, R Mazin, II Greiter, M Thomale, R AF Iqbal, Yasir Jeschke, Harald O. Reuther, Johannes Valenti, Roser Mazin, I. I. Greiter, Martin Thomale, Ronny TI Paramagnetism in the kagome compounds (Zn,Mg,Cd)Cu3(OH)6Cl2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; LIQUID GROUND-STATE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPIN LIQUIDS; KAPELLASITE; LATTICE; CU3ZN(OH)(6)CL-2; EXCITATIONS; HAYDEEITE; MAGNETS AB Frustrated magnetism on the kagome lattice has been a fertile ground for rich and fascinating physics, ranging from experimental evidence of a spin liquid to theoretical predictions of exotic superconductivity. Among experimentally realized spin-1/2 kagome magnets, herbertsmithite, kapellasite, and haydeeite [(Zn,Mg)Cu-3(OH)(6)Cl-2] are all well described by a three-parameter Heisenberg model, but they exhibit distinctly different physics. We address the problem using a pseudofermion functional renormalization-group approach and analyze the low-energy physics in the experimentally accessible parameter range. Our analysis places kapellasite and haydeeite near the boundaries between magnetically ordered and disordered phases, implying that slight modifications could dramatically affect their magnetic properties. Inspired by this, we perform ab initio density functional theory calculations of (Zn,Mg,Cd)Cu-3 (OH)(6)Cl-2 at various pressures. Our results suggest that by varying pressure and composition one can traverse a paramagnetic regime between different magnetically ordered phases. C1 [Iqbal, Yasir; Greiter, Martin; Thomale, Ronny] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Jeschke, Harald O.; Valenti, Roser] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Reuther, Johannes] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Reuther, Johannes] Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Reuther, Johannes] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iqbal, Y (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM yiqbal@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de; jeschke@itp.uni-frankfurt.de; reuther@zedat.fu-berlin.de; valenti@itp.uni-frankfurt.de; mazin@nrl.navy.mil; greiter@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de; rthomale@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009 OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024 FU European Research Council [ERC-StG-TOPOLECTRICS-Thomale-336012]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SFB/TRR 49, FOR 1346]; Freie Universitat Berlin within the Excellence Initiative of the German Research Foundation; [SFB 1170] FX We thank F. Becca, S. Bieri, V. Khanna, C. Lhuillier, T. Neupert, D. Poilblanc, H. Rosner, and R. Suttner for useful discussions. The work was supported by the European Research Council through ERC-StG-TOPOLECTRICS-Thomale-336012. I.I.M. was also supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. H.O.J. and R.V. thank the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for financial support through SFB/TRR 49 and FOR 1346, and Y.I., M.G., and R.T. received financial support through SFB 1170. J.R. is supported by the Freie Universitat Berlin within the Excellence Initiative of the German Research Foundation. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 7 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 22 AR 220404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.220404 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CY0GN UT WOS:000366084500002 ER PT J AU Canright, D Chung, JH Stanica, P AF Canright, David Chung, Jong H. Stanica, Pantelimon TI Circulant matrices and affine equivalence of monomial rotation symmetric Boolean functions SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Boolean functions; Circulant matrices; Affine equivalence; Permutations ID REED-MULLER CODE; CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES; ALGEBRAIC IMMUNITY; VARIABLES; CLASSIFICATION; NONLINEARITY; INVERSION; WEIGHTS; COSETS AB The goal of this paper is two-fold. We first focus on the problem of deciding whether two monomial rotation symmetric (MRS) Boolean functions are affine equivalent via a permutation. Using a correspondence between such functions and circulant matrices, we give a simple necessary and sufficient condition. We connect this problem with the well known Adam's conjecture from graph theory. As applications, we reprove easily several main results of Cusick et al. on the number of equivalence classes under permutations for MRS in prime power dimensions, as well as give a count for the number of classes in pq number of variables, where p, q are prime numbers with p < q < p(2). Also, we find a connection between the generalized inverse of a circulant matrix and the invertibility of its generating polynomial over F-2, modulo a product of cyclotomic polynomials, thus generalizing a known result on nonsingular circulant matrices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Canright, David; Chung, Jong H.; Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stanica, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dcanright@nps.edu; jong.chung@usma.edu; pstanica@nps.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X EI 1872-681X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD DEC 6 PY 2015 VL 338 IS 12 BP 2197 EP 2211 DI 10.1016/j.disc.2015.05.017 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CP5WI UT WOS:000359955700006 ER PT J AU Farrell, AC Senanayake, P Hung, CH El-Howayek, G Rajagopal, A Currie, M Hayat, MM Huffaker, DL AF Farrell, Alan C. Senanayake, Pradeep Hung, Chung-Hong El-Howayek, Georges Rajagopal, Abhejit Currie, Marc Hayat, Majeed M. Huffaker, Diana L. TI Plasmonic field confinement for separate absorption-multiplication in InGaAs nanopillar avalanche photodiodes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NOISE CHARACTERISTICS; IMPACT-IONIZATION; DEAD SPACE; DETECTORS; NANOWIRE AB Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are essential components in quantum key distribution systems and active imaging systems requiring both ultrafast response time to measure photon time of flight and high gain to detect low photon flux. The internal gain of an APD can improve system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Excess noise is typically kept low through the selection of material with intrinsically low excess noise, using separate-absorption-multiplication (SAM) heterostructures, or taking advantage of the dead-space effect using thin multiplication regions. In this work we demonstrate the first measurement of excess noise and gain-bandwidth product in III-V nanopillars exhibiting substantially lower excess noise factors compared to bulk and gain-bandwidth products greater than 200 GHz. The nanopillar optical antenna avalanche detector (NOAAD) architecture is utilized for spatially separating the absorption region from the avalanche region via the NOA resulting in single carrier injection without the use of a traditional SAM heterostructure. C1 [Farrell, Alan C.; Senanayake, Pradeep; Hung, Chung-Hong; Rajagopal, Abhejit; Huffaker, Diana L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Currie, Marc] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [El-Howayek, Georges; Hayat, Majeed M.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [El-Howayek, Georges; Hayat, Majeed M.] Univ New Mexico, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Huffaker, Diana L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Senanayake, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM p.senanayake@ucla.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1202591]; NSF (Smart Lighting ERC) [EEC-0812056]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0052, FA9550-08-1-0198]; DARPA [W911NF-13-1-0188]; DoD [N00244-09-1-0034]; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous financial support of this research by NSF (through ECCS-1202591 and the Smart Lighting ERC: EEC-0812056), AFOSR (FA9550-12-1-0052, FA9550-08-1-0198), DARPA (W911NF-13-1-0188) and by DoD (N00244-09-1-0034). M.C. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. G.E.-H. would like to acknowledge Blake Milner for assistance in 3D impact ionization modeling. P.S. would like to acknowledge Hans Bechtel at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and John Hellgeth at Thermo Fisher Scientific for assistance with FTIR spectromicroscopy. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 2 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 17580 DI 10.1038/srep17580 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX3ZH UT WOS:000365637500001 PM 26627932 ER PT J AU Rowland, CE Brown, CW Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB AF Rowland, Clare E. Brown, Carl W., III Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. TI Intracellular FRET-based probes: a review SO METHODS AND APPLICATIONS IN FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Review DE FRET; energy transfer; intracellular; detection ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER DOTS; CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; UP-CONVERSION NANOPARTICLES; MESSENGER-RNA DETECTION; LIVING CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; IN-VITRO; CASPASE-3 ACTIVATION AB Probes that exploit Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in their feedback mechanism are touted for their sensitivity, robustness, and low background, and thanks to the exceptional distance dependence of the energy transfer process, they provide a means of probing lengthscales well below the resolution of light. These attributes make FRET-based probes superbly suited to an intracellular environment, and recent developments in biofunctionalization and expansion of imaging capabilities have put them at the forefront of intracellular studies. Here, we present an overview of the engineering and execution of a variety of recent intracellular FRET probes, highlighting the diversity of this class of materials and the breadth of application they have found in the intracellular environment. C1 [Rowland, Clare E.; Brown, Carl W., III; Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rowland, Clare E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Brown, Carl W., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Rowland, CE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory Nanosciences Institute; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; NRL FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, the Naval Research Laboratory Nanosciences Institute, and DTRA JSTO MIPR #B112582M. CER acknowledges a National Research Council Research Assosciateship Fellowship through NRL. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 215 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2050-6120 J9 METHODS APPL FLUORES JI Methods Appl. Fluoresc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 3 IS 4 AR 042006 DI 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042006 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DS3MW UT WOS:000380688100009 ER PT J AU Rubel, RC AF Rubel, Robert C. TI DECONSTRUCTING NIMITZ'S PRINCIPLE OF CALCULATED RISK Lessons for Today SO NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Rubel, Robert C.] Naval War Coll, Naval Warfare Studies, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Rubel, Robert C.] Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, War Gaming Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US NAVAL WAR COLL PI NEWPORT PA 686 CUSHING RD, NEWPORT, RI 02841 USA SN 0028-1484 J9 NAV WAR COLL REV JI Nav. War Coll. Rev. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 68 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 PG 15 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DP3ZI UT WOS:000378434600004 ER PT J AU Hebert, DA Allard, RA Metzger, EJ Posey, PG Preller, RH Wallcraft, AJ Phelps, MW Smedstad, OM AF Hebert, David A. Allard, Richard A. Metzger, E. Joseph Posey, Pamela G. Preller, Ruth H. Wallcraft, Alan J. Phelps, Michael W. Smedstad, Ole Martin TI Short-term sea ice forecasting: An assessment of ice concentration and ice drift forecasts using the US Navy's Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice forecasting; ice-ocean modeling ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLOBAL OCEAN; MODEL; THICKNESS; VERIFICATION; VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS AB In this study the forecast skill of the U.S. Navy operational Arctic sea ice forecast system, the Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS), is presented for the period February 2014 to June 2015. ACNFS is designed to provide short term, 1-7 day forecasts of Arctic sea ice and ocean conditions. Many quantities are forecast by ACNFS; the most commonly used include ice concentration, ice thickness, ice velocity, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and sea surface velocities. Ice concentration forecast skill is compared to a persistent ice state and historical sea ice climatology. Skill scores are focused on areas where ice concentration changes by 5% or more, and are therefore limited to primarily the marginal ice zone. We demonstrate that ACNFS forecasts are skilful compared to assuming a persistent ice state, especially beyond 24 h. ACNFS is also shown to be particularly skilful compared to a climatologic state for forecasts up to 102 h. Modeled ice drift velocity is compared to observed buoy data from the International Arctic Buoy Programme. A seasonal bias is shown where ACNFS is slower than IABP velocity in the summer months and faster in the winter months. In February 2015, ACNFS began to assimilate a blended ice concentration derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) and the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). Preliminary results show that assimilating AMSR2 blended with IMS improves the short-term forecast skill and ice edge location compared to the independently derived National Ice Center Ice Edge product. C1 [Hebert, David A.; Allard, Richard A.; Metzger, E. Joseph; Posey, Pamela G.; Preller, Ruth H.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Phelps, Michael W.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] Vencore Serv & Solut Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Hebert, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM david.hebert@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU Naval Research Laboratory's 6.1 Research Option "Determining the Impact of Sea ice Thickness on the Arctic's Naturally Changing Environment'' (DISTANCE); Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX IABP data are made available to the public at http://iabp.apl.washington.edu. AMSR2 data are available after registration at GCOM-W1 data server site https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp. IMS and NIC ice edge products are available from the NIC web site http://www.natice.noaa.gov/Main_Products.htm. ECMWF sea ice concentration data are available via http://www.ecmwf.int/en/research. This work was funded as part of the Naval Research Laboratory's 6.1 Research Option "Determining the Impact of Sea ice Thickness on the Arctic's Naturally Changing Environment'' (DISTANCE). Numerical simulations were performed at the Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC) using grants from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. All model data are securely stored at the Navy DSRC archive server. The files stored there can be accessed after obtaining an account at the facility. The corresponding author can be contacted for information to access the archived data once an account has been established. The authors thank Axel Schweiger and Jean-Francois Lemieux for their comments leading to several improvements in this paper. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8327 EP 8345 DI 10.1002/2015JC011283 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200034 ER PT J AU Lund, B Graber, HC Tamura, H Collins, CO Varlamov, SM AF Lund, B. Graber, H. C. Tamura, H. Collins, C. O., III Varlamov, S. M. TI A new technique for the retrieval of near-surface vertical current shear from marine X-band radar images SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE marine X-band radar; near-surface current shear; Ekman flow; Stokes drift ID EKMAN BOUNDARY-LAYER; BREAKING WAVES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; WIND STRESS; SEA-STATE; HF RADAR; VARIABILITY; BATHYMETRY; TRANSPORT AB A new method to determine near-surface vertical current shear from noncoherent marine X-band radar (MR) data is introduced. A three-dimensional fast Fourier transform is employed to obtain the wave number-frequency spectrum of a MR image sequence. Near-surface currents are estimated from the Doppler-shifted surface gravity wave signal within the spectrum. They represent a weighted mean of the upper ocean flow. The longer the ocean waves on which the current estimates are based, the greater their effective depth. The novelty lies in the wave number-dependent retrieval method, yielding approximate to 100 independent current estimates at effective depths from approximate to 2 to 8 m per approximate to 12 min measurement period. First, MR near-surface vertical current shear measurements are presented using data collected from R/V Roger Revelle during the 2010 Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific experiment in the Philippine Sea. Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and anemometer measurements as well as WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model results are used to demonstrate that results are in accord with physical expectations. The wind and wave-driven Ekman flow is obtained by subtracting ADCP-based background currents from the radar measurements. At approximate to 2 m, it is on average approximate to 1.6% of the wind speed and approximate to 38.9 degrees to the right of the wind. With increasing effective depth, the speed factor decreases and the deflection angle increases. Based on WW3 results, the MR-sensed Stokes drift speed is approximate to 50% of the Ekman flow at approximate to 2 m and approximate to 25% at approximate to 8 m. These findings are consistent with previous observations and Ekman theory. C1 [Lund, B.; Graber, H. C.] Univ Miami, Ctr Southeastern Trop Adv Remote Sensing, Miami, FL USA. [Lund, B.; Graber, H. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tamura, H.; Varlamov, S. M.] Port & Airport Res Inst, Marine Informat & Tsunami Div, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Collins, C. O., III] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Lund, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Ctr Southeastern Trop Adv Remote Sensing, Miami, FL USA. EM blund@rsmas.miami.edu RI Varlamov, Sergey/C-7778-2016; OI Varlamov, Sergey/0000-0003-3179-0431; Collins, Clarence/0000-0003-4553-616X FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0392, N00014-13-1-0288] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-09-1-0392 and N00014-13-1-0288. B.L. acknowledges support as an International Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We are grateful to E. Terrill, University of California, San Diego, for providing the marine X-band radar on R/V Roger Revelle. We also thank the captains, crews, and scientific parties of the Revelle ITOP cruises as well as the ASIS-EASI buoy team for their support in the field. Data can be made available for scientific purposes upon request to B.L. (blund@rsmas.miami.edu). NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 8466 EP 8486 DI 10.1002/2015JC010961 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DC3XO UT WOS:000369153200042 ER PT J AU Wong, YY Smith, RW Koppenhaver, S AF Wong, Yui Y. Smith, Ryan W. Koppenhaver, Shane TI Soft Tissue Mobilization to Resolve Chronic Pain and Dysfunction Associated With Postoperative Abdominal and Pelvic Adhesions: A Case Report SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE abdomen; adhesiolysis; manual therapy; postoperative scar ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; LAPAROSCOPIC ADHESIOLYSIS; PATIENT; INSTRUMENT; SCAR AB STUDY DESIGN: Case report. BACKGROUND: Common complications from abdominal and pelvic surgery include adhesions and chronic pain. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis is sometimes used to reduce adhesions and related pain. Physical therapy interventions, such as soft tissue mobilization (STM), may be used for this condition; however, evidence to support its effectiveness is lacking. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 28-year-old woman with a history of 5 abdominal/pelvic surgeries presented with right-sided lower abdominal and anterior hip pain, which had been present since she had undergone a laparoscopic appendectomy with a right ovarian cystectomy surgery 1 year earlier. As an active-duty member in the US Navy, due to pain and weakness, she was unable to perform required curl-ups for her fitness test. Though she had been previously treated both surgically with laparoscopic adhesiolysis and nonsurgically with physical therapy consisting of stretching and strengthening exercises, her pain and function did not improve. She was again evaluated and treated with physical therapy and, based on the examination findings, STM was used to address her pain and dysfunction, which were thought to be related to intra-abdominal adhesions. OUTCOMES: Following 5 sessions of physical therapy over a 3-week period that included STM and therapeutic exercises, followed by 5 additional sessions over a 4-week period that focused on therapeutic exercises, the patient reported substantially decreased pain, improved function, and a full return to previous level of activity, including unrestricted physical training in a military setting. DISCUSSION: The outcomes for this patient suggest that STM may be effective as a conservative treatment option for pain and dysfunction related to intra-abdominal adhesions from abdominal/pelvic surgery. Studies with a higher level of evidence, including potential comparison between STM and traditional laparoscopic adhesiolysis, are needed to further determine benefits of nonsurgical care for this condition. C1 [Wong, Yui Y.] Naval Special Warfare Grp Two, Supply & Logist, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Smith, Ryan W.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Koppenhaver, Shane] US Army Baylor Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wong, YY (reprint author), 1355 Helicopter Rd,Bldg 3812, Virginia Beach, VA 23459 USA. EM yui.wong@navsoc.socom.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU J O S P T PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 EI 1938-1344 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1006 EP 1016 DI 10.2519/jospt.2015.5766 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA DC7DA UT WOS:000369377800007 PM 26471853 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Hou, QH Russell, SD Bennett, BC Sellers, AJ Lin, Q Huang, DF AF Xu, Yi Hou, Qing-hua Russell, Shawn D. Bennett, Bradford C. Sellers, Andrew J. Lin, Qiang Huang, Dong-feng TI Neuroplasticity in post-stroke gait recovery and noninvasive brain stimulation SO NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE nerve regeneration; stroke; cerebrovascular disorders; transcranial magnetic stimulation; neuroplasticity; transcranial direct current stimulation; electrical stimulation therapy; gait; walking; gait disorders; rehabilitation; neural regeneration ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; CHRONIC STROKE; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL REORGANIZATION; CORTICAL REORGANIZATION; EXCITATORY CIRCUITS AB Gait disorders drastically affect the quality of life of stroke survivors, making post-stroke rehabilitation an important research focus. Noninvasive brain stimulation has potential in facilitating neuroplasticity and improving post-stroke gait impairment. However, a large inter-individual variability in the response to noninvasive brain stimulation interventions has been increasingly recognized. We first review the neurophysiology of human gait and post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery, and then discuss how noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could be utilized to enhance gait recovery. While post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery is characterized by use-dependent plasticity, it evolves over time, is idiosyncratic, and may develop maladaptive elements. Furthermore, noninvasive brain stimulation has limited reach capability and is facilitative-only in nature. Therefore, we recommend that noninvasive brain stimulation be used adjunctively with rehabilitation training and other concurrent neuroplasticity facilitation techniques. Additionally, when noninvasive brain stimulation is applied for the rehabilitation of gait impairment in stroke survivors, stimulation montages should be customized according to the specific types of neuroplasticity found in each individual. This could be done using multiple mapping techniques. C1 [Xu, Yi; Lin, Qiang; Huang, Dong-feng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Rehabil Med, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yi; Lin, Qiang; Huang, Dong-feng] Guangdong Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Rehabil Med &, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yi; Russell, Shawn D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Orthoped & Mech Engn, Mot Anal & Motor Performance Lab, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Hou, Qing-hua] Guangdong 2 Prov Peoples Hosp, Dept Neurol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bennett, Bradford C.] Northwestern Hlth Sci Univ, HC Sweere Ctr Clin Biomech & Appl Ergon, Bloomington, MN USA. [Sellers, Andrew J.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Huang, DF (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Rehabil Med, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM huangdf_sysu@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30973165, 81372108]; Clinical Research 5010 Program Mission Statement of Sun Yat-Sen University, China [2014001] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30973165, 81372108, and a grant from Clinical Research 5010 Program Mission Statement of Sun Yat-Sen University, China, No. 2014001. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 1673-5374 EI 1876-7958 J9 NEURAL REGEN RES JI Neural Regen. Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2072 EP 2080 DI 10.4103/1673-5374.172329 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA DC0RU UT WOS:000368926200042 PM 26889202 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Pressure Change in an Arterial Constriction SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu FU Kinnear Fellowship FX This work was supported by a Kinnear Fellowship. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 9 BP 561 EP 562 DI 10.1119/1.4935772 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX5UF UT WOS:000365767300018 ER PT J AU Skolnick, A AF Skolnick, Alfred TI Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM)-ware: Complex Controversy with Imaginary Components? A Scar Tissue-Laden Engineer's View SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Skolnick, Alfred] ASNE, Columbia, MO USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] Chance Vought Aircraft, Design Navys Regulus Submarinelaunched Missile, Dallas, TX USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Missile Dev & Deployed Aboard USS Boston CAG1, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] Naval Sea Syst Command, Combat Syst Integrat, Washington, DC USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] NAVSEA, High Energy Lasers Dev Efforts, Washington, DC USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] Adv Technol Operat Res Inc, Paris, France. [Skolnick, Alfred] Maritime Engn Def Grp Inc, New York, NY USA. [Skolnick, Alfred] DoDs Independent Review Team Space Based Lasers, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DB3BB UT WOS:000368383400004 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P McCauley, M AF Matsangas, Panagiotis McCauley, Michael TI Modeling the Effect of Days Underway and Environmental Motion on Crew Physical Activity on Naval Vessels SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLEEP; PERFORMANCE; TIME AB Results from earlier research on crew activity onboard naval vessels suggest that personnel activity is a function of two components, time underway, and ship motion severity. Physical activity reduction was attributed to some combination of sopite syndrome and motion-induced fatigue. Although both stressors are a well-recognized problem in the naval environment, few studies have addressed them. Building on earlier findings, this work proposes a mathematical model to account for the effect of motion and days underway on the observed personnel physical activity. Model predictions are evaluated against a retrospective analysis of existing actigraphic recordings from three earlier projects in the naval operational environment. Analysis showed that the model predicts activity with a good approximation. These results further validated the effect of the days underway and motion component in predicting personnel activity. The observed reduction in physical activity may be a valuable surrogate indicator of sopite syndrome and motion-induced fatigue. Future research efforts should incorporate the effect of sleep, mission requirements, and the occupational component of crew physical activity. C1 [Matsangas, Panagiotis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. [McCauley, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DB3BB UT WOS:000368383400007 ER PT J AU Giachetti, RE AF Giachetti, Ronald E. TI System of Systems Capability Needs Analysis via a Stochastic Network Model SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Deriving capability needs for a system-of-systems (SoS) is more challenging than for traditional systems because many of the component systems already exist, they are acquired and managed separately from the SoS, and the way that component systems interact to deliver capabilities is not intuitive. This paper proposes a capability needs analysis method for SoS that links the performance of the component systems into a single Markov model amenable to analysis. We demonstrate the modeling approach using the notional design of an anti-ship ballistic missile defense SoS. For the notional system, we calculate the measures of effectiveness and performance for the system. We describe how the model can be incorporated into existing systems' engineering practice. We argue that there are insufficient methods and tools for analyzing SoS in an integrative fashion, and the proposed modeling method for conducting a SoS capability needs analysis provides a mathematically elegant and promising approach to do this. C1 [Giachetti, Ronald E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Giachetti, Ronald E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Giachetti, Ronald E.] Florida Int Univ, Ind & Syst Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Giachetti, RE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 127 IS 4 BP 67 EP 79 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DB3BB UT WOS:000368383400009 ER PT J AU Andres, M Jan, S Sanford, TB Mensah, V Centurioni, LR Book, JW AF Andres, Magdalena Jan, Sen Sanford, Thomas B. Mensah, Vigan Centurioni, Luca R. Book, Jeffrey W. TI Mean Structure and Variability of the Kuroshio from Northeastern Taiwan to Southwestern Japan SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EAST CHINA SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF NORTHEAST; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDER; MESOSCALE EDDIES; YELLOW SEA; COLD DOME; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SATELLITE-ALTIMETER; TYPHOON MORAKOT; TRANSPORT SOUTH AB In the subtropical western North Pacific Ocean, the Kuroshio delivers heat, salt, and momentum poleward, much like its North Atlantic analog, the Gulf Stream. Though the Kuroshio generally flows along the western boundary from Taiwan to southeastern Japan as an "attached" current, the Kuroshio's strength, vertical structure, and horizontal position undergo significant temporal and spatial variability along this entire route. Ubiquitous mesoscale eddies and complicated topography associated with a string of marginal seas combine to make the western North Pacific a region with complex circulation. Here, we synthesize results from the recent US Origins of the Kuroshio and Mindanao Currents and Taiwan Observations of Kuroshio Transport Variability observational programs with previous findings to build a comprehensive picture of the Kuroshio on its route from northeastern Taiwan to southeastern Japan, where the current finally transitions from a western boundary current into the Kuroshio Extension, a vigorously meandering free jet. C1 [Andres, Magdalena] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jan, Sen; Mensah, Vigan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Sanford, Thomas B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Centurioni, Luca R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Book, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Andres, M (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mandres@whoi.edu OI Jan, Sen/0000-0002-4128-9715 FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0445, N00014-10-1-0468, N0001-10-1-0273]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research; NOAA [NA10OAR4320156]; Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC (Taiwan) [NSC-101-2611-M-002-018-MY3] FX ONR sponsored many of the field programs that are reported on in this study, including grant N00014-12-1-0445 to MA and grant N00014-10-1-0468 to TBS. Additionally, MA received support from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research. LC and the drifter work were supported by ONR grant N0001-10-1-0273 and NOAA grant NA10OAR4320156, "The Global Drifter Program." SJ was sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC (Taiwan) grant NSC-101-2611-M-002-018-MY3. B. Ma assisted in the analyses and display of HPIES and EM-APEX data. We thank Mark Wimbush for his inspiration and vision in initiating the general study of the Kuroshio with inverted echo sounders and for his seminal work and contributions to many of the papers referenced in this review. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 4 SI SI BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.84 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DB3XN UT WOS:000368447000011 ER PT J AU Buttrey, SE Whitaker, LR AF Buttrey, Samuel E. Whitaker, Lyn R. TI treeClust: An R Package for Tree-Based Clustering Dissimilarities SO R JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper describes treeClust, an R package that produces dissimilarities useful for clustering. These dissimilarities arise from a set of classification or regression trees, one with each variable in the data acting in turn as a the response, and all others as predictors. This use of trees produces dissimilarities that are insensitive to scaling, benefit from automatic variable selection, and appear to perform well. The software allows a number of options to be set, affecting the set of objects returned in the call; the user can also specify a clustering algorithm and, optionally, return only the clustering vector. The package can also generate a numeric data set whose inter-point distances relate to the treeClust ones; such a numeric data set can be much smaller than the vector of inter-point dissimilarities, a useful feature in big data sets. C1 [Buttrey, Samuel E.; Whitaker, Lyn R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buttrey, SE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM buttrey@nps.edu; whitaker@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU R FOUNDATION STATISTICAL COMPUTING PI WIEN PA WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITAT, INST STATISTICS & MATHEMATICS, AUGASSE 2-6, WIEN, 1090, AUSTRIA SN 2073-4859 J9 R J JI R Journal PD DEC PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA DB5KA UT WOS:000368551800017 ER PT J AU Langley, KG Brown, J Gerber, RJ Fox, J Friez, MJ Lyons, M Vergano, SAS AF Langley, Katherine G. Brown, Jordan Gerber, Richard J. Fox, Janelle Friez, Michael J. Lyons, Michael Vergano, Samantha A. Schrier TI Beyond Ohdo Syndrome: A Familial Missense Mutation Broadens the MED12 Spectrum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE MED12; blepharophimosis; Ohdo syndrome; X-linked intellectual disability ID BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS; DISEASE; KAT6B AB Intellectual disability (ID) is estimated to affect 1-3% of the general population and is a common reason for referrals to pediatric and adult geneticists, as well as neurologists. There are many genetic and non-genetic causes of ID; X-linked forms are identifiable through their characteristic inheritance pattern. Current testing methods have been able to identify over 100 genes on the X chromosome responsible for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndromes. MED12 [MIM *300188] (mediator complex subunit 12) mutations have been linked to numerous XLID syndromes, including Lujan, FG, and Ohdo, and MED12 is included in many XLID panels. MED12 is located at Xq13.1 and its product has roles in transcriptional activation and repression. We describe two affected male siblings and their unaffected mother with a novel missense mutation in MED12, c.4147G > A (p.Ala1383Thr). The siblings share some features of Ohdo syndrome, including feeding difficulties, microcephaly, and speech delay. However, additional attributes such as hypertonia, eosinophilic esophagitis, penile chordee, and particular facial dysmorphisms depart sufficiently from individuals previously described such that they appear to represent a new and expanded phenotype. This case lends credence to the evolving theory that the subtypes of Ohdo, and perhaps other MED12 disorders, reflect a spectrum of characteristics, rather than distinct syndromes. As XLID panel testing and whole exome sequencing (WES) becomes a standard of care for affected males, further MED12 mutations will broaden the phenotype of these intriguing disorders and challenge clinicians to rethink the current diagnostic boundaries. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Langley, Katherine G.; Gerber, Richard J.; Vergano, Samantha A. Schrier] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. [Langley, Katherine G.; Vergano, Samantha A. Schrier] Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Div Med Genet & Metab, Norfolk, VA USA. [Brown, Jordan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gerber, Richard J.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurodev Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Fox, Janelle] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Pediat Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Friez, Michael J.; Lyons, Michael] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC USA. RP Vergano, SAS (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, 601 Childrens Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. EM samantha.vergano@chkd.org NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4825 EI 1552-4833 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD DEC PY 2015 VL 167 IS 12 BP 3180 EP 3185 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.37354 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DA3AP UT WOS:000367668600041 PM 26338144 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Smith, FP Shepherd, AR AF Kidwell, David A. Smith, Frederick P. Shepherd, Arica R. TI Ethnic hair care products may increase false positives in hair drug testing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Cocaine; Methamphetamine; False-positive; Hair care products; Hair ID COCAINE USERS; ABUSE; COLOR; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; MELANIN; URINE; GC/MS; QUANTITATION AB The question of why different races appear more susceptible to hair contamination by external drugs remains controversial. This research studied susceptibility of head hair to external cocaine and methamphetamine when hair products have been applied. Three different chemical classes of ethnic hair products were applied to Caucasian, Asian, and African hair. Some products increased the methamphetamine and cocaine concentrations in all hair types. A unique finding of this research is that certain ethnic hair products can replace moisture as a diffusion medium, thereby increasing the susceptibility to contamination over 100-fold compared to petroleum-based products. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kidwell, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smith, Frederick P.] Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Shepherd, Arica R.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Sci & Engn Apprenticeship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, FP (reprint author), Univ New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM NRLSummerResearchFaculty@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research FX FPS thanks the Office of Naval Research Summer Fellowship Program and ARS thanks the American Society for Engineering Education Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program for allowing participation in their respective programs. Funding was provided for both programs from the Office of Naval Research. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 257 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.023 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DA7VA UT WOS:000368011500028 PM 26338354 ER PT J AU Chernyakova, M Neronov, A van Soelen, B Callanan, P O'Shaughnessy, L Babyk, I Tsygankov, S Vovk, I Krivonos, R Tomsick, JA Malyshev, D Li, J Wood, K Torres, D Zhang, S Kretschmar, P McSwain, MV Buckley, DAH Koen, C AF Chernyakova, M. Neronov, A. van Soelen, B. Callanan, P. O'Shaughnessy, L. Babyk, Iu. Tsygankov, S. Vovk, Ie. Krivonos, R. Tomsick, J. A. Malyshev, D. Li, J. Wood, K. Torres, D. Zhang, S. Kretschmar, P. McSwain, M. V. Buckley, D. A. H. Koen, C. TI Multi-wavelength observations of the binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the 2014 periastron passage SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: emission-line, Be; pulsars: individual: PSR B1259-63; gamma rays: stars; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual: PSR B1259-63 ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; PULSAR WIND; 2RXP J130159.6-635806; DISCOVERY; TELESCOPE; MISSION; VARIABILITY; MODEL; FERMI AB We report on the results of the extensive multi-wavelength campaign from optical to GeV gamma-rays of the 2014 periastron passage of PSR B1259-63, which is a unique high-mass gamma-ray emitting binary system with a young pulsar companion. Observations demonstrate the stable nature of the post-periastron GeV flare and prove the coincidence of the flare with the start of rapid decay of the Ha equivalent width, usually interpreted as a disruption of the Be stellar disc. Intensive X-ray observations reveal changes in the X-ray spectral behaviour happening at the moment of the GeV flare. We demonstrate that these changes can be naturally explained as a result of synchrotron cooling of monoenergetic relativistic electrons injected into the system during the GeV flare. C1 [Chernyakova, M.; Babyk, Iu.] Dublin City Univ, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Chernyakova, M.; Babyk, Iu.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Neronov, A.; Malyshev, D.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [van Soelen, B.] Univ Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. [Callanan, P.; O'Shaughnessy, L.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. [Babyk, Iu.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Main Astron Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Tsygankov, S.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Vovk, Ie.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Krivonos, R.; Tomsick, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tomsick, J. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Li, J.; Torres, D.] Inst Space Sci CSIC IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Wood, K.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Torres, D.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Zhang, S.] Inst High Energy Phys, Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Kretschmar, P.] European Space Astron Ctr ESA ESAC, Sci Operat Dept, Villanueva De La Canada, Madrid, Spain. [McSwain, M. V.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Buckley, D. A. H.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Buckley, D. A. H.] Southern African Large Telescope, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Koen, C.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Stat, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. RP Chernyakova, M (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Dublin 9, Ireland. EM masha.chernyakova@dcu.ie OI Kretschmar, Peter/0000-0001-9840-2048; Torres, Diego F./0000-0002-1522-9065 FU EU COST Action 'NewCompStar' [MP1304]; International Space Science Institute (ISSI, Bern); Chinese NSFC [11473027, 11133002]; XTP project [XDA 04060604]; Strategic Priority Research Program 'The Emergence of Cosmo-logical Structures' of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB09000000]; Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA04010300]; Russian Scientific Foundation [14-12-01287]; National Science Foundation [AST-1109247]; South African Research Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-11473027]; Faculty of European Space Astronomy Centre; Chinese Academy of Sciences visiting professorship programme [2013T2J0007]; [AYA2012-39303]; [SGR 2014-1073] FX This work was partially supported by the EU COST Action MP1304 'NewCompStar'. The authors thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI, Bern) for support within the ISSI team 'Study of Gamma-ray Loud Binary Systems' and SFI/HEA Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for the provision of computational facilities and support. SZh acknowledges support from the Chinese NSFC 11473027, 11133002, XTP project XDA 04060604; Strategic Priority Research Program 'The Emergence of Cosmo-logical Structures' of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDB09000000 and Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDA04010300. ST thanks Russian Scientific Foundation for the support (grant 14-12-01287). MVM is grateful for support from the National Science Foundation through the grant AST-1109247. Some of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the SALT. Authors acknowledge the allocation of telescope time by the South African Astronomical Observatory. CK acknowledges funding from the South African Research Foundation. The work of IuB was partially supported by the Stipendium of the President of Ukraine (2014-2016). JL and DFT acknowledge support from the grants AYA2012-39303, SGR 2014-1073 and support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China via NSFC-11473027. JL acknowledges support by the Faculty of the European Space Astronomy Centre. DFT acknowledges the Chinese Academy of Sciences visiting professorship programme 2013T2J0007. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 454 IS 2 BP 1358 EP 1370 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv1988 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7PZ UT WOS:000367997700014 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI MULTIPLICATIVE PROPERTY OF THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 83 IS 12 BP 991 EP 991 DI 10.1119/1.4934598 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA DA3TO UT WOS:000367722000002 ER PT J AU Roach, AH Gadlage, MJ Duncan, AR Ingalls, JD Kay, MJ AF Roach, Austin H. Gadlage, Matthew J. Duncan, Adam R. Ingalls, James D. Kay, Matthew J. TI Interrupted PROGRAM and ERASE Operations for Characterizing Radiation Effects in Commercial NAND Flash Memories SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Floating gate memory; interrupted erase; interrupted program; NAND flash; oxide stress; partial erase; partial program; TID; trapped charge AB A technique of interrupting and operations is used to extract information about the analog characteristics of commercial NAND Flash memory cells. The number of interrupted or operations required to cause a bit to change state is shown to be modified by program/erase stress, total ionizing dose, and heavy ion exposure. These modifications allow for the detection of stresses far below the thresholds for memory cell failure. C1 [Roach, Austin H.; Gadlage, Matthew J.; Duncan, Adam R.; Ingalls, James D.; Kay, Matthew J.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Roach, AH (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM austin.roach@navy.mil FU FY15 NSWC Crane Naval Innovative Science and Engineering program [NISE/219] FX This work was supported in part by the FY15 NSWC Crane Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE/219) program. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2390 EP 2397 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2490019 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600004 ER PT J AU Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH Dodds, NA McMorrow, D Warner, JH Buchner, SP Reed, RA AF Khachatrian, Ani Roche, Nicolas J-H. Dodds, Nathaniel A. McMorrow, Dale Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. Reed, Robert A. TI The Impact of Metal Line Reflections on Through-Wafer TPA SEE Testing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Charge generation; charge-collection enhancement; etalon effect; laser testing; multiple reflections; reflected laser light intensity; TPA; transmitted laser intensity; two-photon absorption ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CARRIER GENERATION; SIMULATION; SILICON AB Charge-collection experiments and simulations designed to quantify the effects of reflections from metallization during through-wafer TPA testing are presented. The results reveal a strong dependence on metal line width and metal line position inside the SiO2 overlayer. The charge-collection enhancement is largest for the widest metal lines and the metal lines closest to the Si/SiO2 interface. The charge-collection enhancement is also dependent on incident laser pulse energy, an effect that is a consequence of higher-order optical nonlinearities induced by the ultrashort optical pulses. However, for the lines further away from the Si/SiO2 interface, variations in laser pulse energies affect the charge-collection enhancement to a lesser degree. Z-scan measurements reveal that the peak charge collection occurs when the axial position of the laser focal point is inside the Si substrate. There is a downward trend in peak collected-charge enhancement with the increase in laser pulse energies for the metal lines further away from the Si/SiO2 interface. Metallization enhances the collected charge by same amount regardless of the applied bias voltage. For thinner metal lines and laser pulse energies lower than 1 nJ, the collected charge enhancement due to metallization is negligible. C1 [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani; Roche, Nicolas J-H.; McMorrow, Dale; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dodds, Nathaniel A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Reed, Robert A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Khachatrian, A (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM ani.khachatrian.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; nicolas.roche.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; nadodds@sandia.gov; robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu FU DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program and the Office of Naval Research. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2452 EP 2457 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2500731 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600012 ER PT J AU Turflinger, TL Clymer, DA Mason, LW Stone, S George, JS Savage, M Koga, R Beach, E Huntington, K AF Turflinger, T. L. Clymer, D. A. Mason, L. W. Stone, S. George, J. S. Savage, M. Koga, R. Beach, E. Huntington, K. TI RHA Implications of Proton on Gold-Plated Package Structures in SEE Evaluations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Destructive single event effects; radiation hardness assurance; single event dielectric rupture; single event effects ID EVENT GATE RUPTURE; EXCITED NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTIONS; ION ENERGY; HEAVY-IONS; FISSION; COLLISIONS; OXIDES; MODEL; BREAKDOWN AB Proton single event dielectric rupture was observed in Analog Devices OP470 devices only when the package included gold flashing facing the die on the inner surface of the metal lid. The supply voltage was also a factor. Analysis shows that proton on gold fission fragments have the linear energy transfer and range to cause this effect. The physics of proton on gold reactions and radiation hardness assurance implications are explored. C1 [Turflinger, T. L.; George, J. S.; Koga, R.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Clymer, D. A.; Mason, L. W.; Stone, S.; Beach, E.; Huntington, K.] Lockheed Martin, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. [Savage, M.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Turflinger, TL (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM Thomas.L.Turflinger@aero.org NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2468 EP 2475 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2496288 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600014 ER PT J AU Artola, L Roche, NJH Hubert, G Al Youssef, A Khachatrian, A McMarr, P Hughes, H AF Artola, L. Roche, N. J. -H. Hubert, G. Al Youssef, A. Khachatrian, A. McMarr, P. Hughes, H. TI Analysis of Angular Dependence of Single-Event Latchup Sensitivity for Heavy-Ion Irradiations of 0.18-mu m CMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Angle effects; electrical characteristics; heavy ions; modeling; SEL; SER; single-event latchup; static measurements ID SIMULATIONS AB This paper presents the impact of ion angle on the single-event latuchup (SEL) cross section with the aim of improving the interpretation of latchup cross section obtained during heavy-ion experiments and the consequences on the latchup sensitivity for parts operating in the quasi-isotropic space radiation environment. First, latchup cross sections obtained from heavy-ion beams are presented and discussed. Then, the electrical I-V measurements are presented that lead to calibration of the TCAD structure and electrical latchup model implemented in MUSCA SEP3 tool. The TCAD simulations highlight the impact of both angle and roll effects on the latchup sensitivity induced by the asymmetric layout dependence of the parasitic latchup circuit. An LET dependence of the impact of angles on the latchup sensitivity has been demonstrated. Finally, the consequences of the angular distribution of the space radiation environment on the in-orbit latchup rate are discussed. The results show that the angular analysis would be necessary if the latchup rate at normal incidence were borderline or higher than acceptable for the specifications of the space mission. C1 [Artola, L.; Hubert, G.; Al Youssef, A.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, French Aerosp Lab, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Roche, N. J. -H.; Khachatrian, A.; McMarr, P.; Hughes, H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, N. J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Khachatrian, A.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Artola, L (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, French Aerosp Lab, F-31055 Toulouse, France. EM laurent.artola@onera.fr FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The authors are grateful to Sandia National Laboratories, especially N. Dodds, for providing test chips and Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for their support. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2539 EP 2546 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2495101 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600024 ER PT J AU Seungwoo, J Song, I Fleetwood, ZE Raghunathan, U Lourenco, NE Oakley, MA Wier, BR Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Warner, JH Paki, P Cressler, JD AF Seungwoo, Jung Song, Ickhyun Fleetwood, Zachary E. Raghunathan, Uppili Lourenco, Nelson E. Oakley, Michael A. Wier, Brian R. Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Warner, Jeffrey H. Paki, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI The Role of Negative Feedback Effects on Single-Event Transients in SiGe HBT Analog Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Current mirrors; negative feedback; radiation hardening; SiGe BiCMOS HBT; silicon-germanium; single-event; single-event transient; Wilson current mirror ID INVERSE-MODE; DESIGN; LOGIC AB The effects of negative feedback, both external and internal, on single event transients (SETs) in SiGe HBT analog circuits are investigated. In order to examine internal negative feedback effects, basic common-emitter NPN current mirrors, with and without emitter degeneration resistors, are utilized. A Wilson current mirror and a Wilson mirror with its intrinsic external feedback removed are used to study external negative feedback effects under the influence of laser-induced single events. The measurement data clearly show notable improvements in SET response that can be made by employing both internal and external negative feedback. The peak transient in the output current is reduced, and the settling time upon a laser strike is shortened significantly by negative feedback. All four investigated current mirrors were fabricated with IBM 8HP 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. C1 [Seungwoo, Jung; Song, Ickhyun; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Raghunathan, Uppili; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Oakley, Michael A.; Wier, Brian R.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.; Khachatrian, Ani; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paki, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Seungwoo, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jung@gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2599 EP 2605 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498540 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600032 ER PT J AU Fleetwood, ZE Lourenco, NE Ildefonso, A England, TD Song, I Schmid, RL Cardoso, AS Jung, S Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Buchner, SP McMorrow, D Warner, J Paki, P Cressler, JD AF Fleetwood, Zachary E. Lourenco, Nelson E. Ildefonso, Adrian England, Troy D. Song, Ickhyun Schmid, Robert L. Cardoso, Adilson S. Jung, Seungwoo Roche, Nicolas J-H. Khachatrian, Ani Buchner, Steven P. McMorrow, Dale Warner, Jeffrey Paki, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI An Investigation of the SET Response of Devices and Differential Pairs in a 32-nm SOI CMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Active load (AL); body-connected (BC); differential pair (diff. pair); floating body (FB); resistive load (RL); silicon-on-insulator (SOI); single event effect (SEE) ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CARRIER GENERATION; SIMULATION AB The single event effect (SEE) response of devices and differential pairs in a 32-nm SOI CMOS technology is explored using laser-induced carrier injection and TCAD simulations. Both nFETs and pFETs in this technology exhibit similar sensitive area to laser-induced SEE and are strongly dependent on the drain bias condition. TCAD simulations were conducted in order to confirm results and utilize a 3-D mixed-mode simulation approach to more accurately model testing conditions. The differential pair (diff. pair) circuit SEE response extends the discussion to include the use of these devices in a core analog/RF circuit block. The analysis includes the use of floating body (FB) and body-connected (BC) devices. Body-connected FETs tend to exhibit a transient response that is much shorter in duration when compared directly to its floating body counterpart. C1 [Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Ildefonso, Adrian; Song, Ickhyun; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Jung, Seungwoo; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [England, Troy D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Schmid, Robert L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Khachatrian, Ani; Buchner, Steven P.; McMorrow, Dale; Warner, Jeffrey] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paki, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy DTRA, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fleetwood, ZE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zfleetwood3@gatech.edu; pauline.paki@dtra.mil; cressler@ece.gatech.edu FU DTRA; NRL; IBM FX The authors are grateful to DTRA, NRL, and IBM for support and insightful conversations. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2643 EP 2649 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2499298 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600038 ER PT J AU Zeinolabedinzadeh, S Song, I Raghunathan, US Lourenco, NE Fleetwood, ZE Oakley, MA Cardoso, AS Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Warner, JH Paki-Amouzou, P Cressler, JD AF Zeinolabedinzadeh, Saeed Song, Ickhyun Raghunathan, Uppili S. Lourenco, Nelson E. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Oakley, Michael A. Cardoso, Adilson S. Roche, Nicolas J-H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Warner, Jeffrey H. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI Single-Event Effects in a W-Band (75-110 GHz) Radar Down-Conversion Mixer Implemented in 90 nm, 300 GHz SiGe HBT Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Down-conversion mixer; millimeter-wave; radar; SiGe; silicon-germanium; single-event transient; space missions; two-photon absorption laser; w-band ID ION MICROBEAM; LASER-LIGHT; BROAD-BEAM; TRANSIENTS; RF; CIRCUITS; ELECTRONICS; GENERATION; LOGIC AB This paper investigates single-event effects in a W-Band (75-110 GHz) SiGe HBT down-conversion mixer intended for use in a space-based remote sensing radar system. Transient pulse propagation to the output of the mixer as a linear time variant system is analyzed theoretically. This study facilitates the understanding of transient propagation in RF receivers. Device- and circuit-level simulations were conducted to verify the results of the proposed theory. A two photon absorption laser was used to induce transients on different SiGe HBTs within the circuit to assess the impact of SETs on performance. This study shows that significant transients can be produced at the output of the mixer, which can potentially corrupt the received data or received pulse of the radar. It is shown that a differential double-balanced structure can effectively eliminate some of the transients at the output of the mixer. To the authors' best knowledge this is the first study of single event transients conducted on a millimeter-wave SiGe circuit. C1 [Zeinolabedinzadeh, Saeed; Song, Ickhyun; Raghunathan, Uppili S.; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Oakley, Michael A.; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Khachatrian, Ani; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Zeinolabedinzadeh, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM namarvar3@mail.gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058]; NASA-NEPP; IBM FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058, in part by NASA-NEPP, and in part by IBM. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2657 EP 2665 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2496780 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600040 ER PT J AU Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Buchner, S Foster, CC Ferlet-Cavrois, V Muschitiello, M Miller, F Morand, S Warner, J Decker, T McMorrow, D AF Roche, N. J. -H. Khachatrian, A. Buchner, S. Foster, Charles C. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Muschitiello, M. Miller, F. Morand, S. Warner, J. Decker, T. McMorrow, D. TI Application of a Pulsed Laser to Identify a Single-Event Latchup Precursor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Analog-to-digital converter; heavy ions; laser; latchup; single events AB Focused, pulsed laser-light is used to investigate single-event latchup in an analog-to-digital converter (AD9240) through the generation of charge collection spectra and their dependence on bias, laser pulse intensity and strike location. Large bipolar single-event transients were identified as precursors to latchup. They occurred at bias voltages just below the latchup holding voltage and in regions that became sensitive to single-event latchup at voltages above the holding voltage. Charge collection spectra obtained from spatial scans involving the pulsed laser had features similar to those obtained from heavy-ion irradiation. Both approaches indicated enhanced charge collection at supply voltages just below the holding voltage. C1 [Roche, N. J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, A.] Sotera Def Solut, Hernden, VA 20171 USA. [Buchner, S.; Warner, J.; McMorrow, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foster, Charles C.] Foster Consulting Serv LLC, Univ Pl, WA 98466 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Muschitiello, M.] ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Miller, F.; Morand, S.] Airbus Innovat Works, Suresnes, France. [Decker, T.] Analog Devices Inc, Greensboro, NC 27409 USA. RP Roche, NJH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicolas.roche.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; ani.khachatrian.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; stephen.buchner@nrl.navy.mil; fosterchc@nventure.com; veronique.ferlet-cavrois@esa.int; michele.muschitiello@esa.int; florent.miller@airbus.com; sebastien.morand@airbus.com; jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; tom.decker@analog.com; dale.mcmorrow@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2679 EP 2686 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498280 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600043 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Roach, AH Duncan, AR Savage, MW Kay, MJ AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Roach, Austin H. Duncan, Adam R. Savage, Mark W. Kay, Matthew J. TI Electron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in 45-nm and 28-nm Bulk CMOS SRAM-Based FPGAs Operating at Nominal Voltage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); radiation effects in ICs; single-event upset (SEU); static random-access memories (SRAMs) ID TECHNOLOGY; SIMULATION; MEMORY; SEU AB Electron-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) are observed in 45-nm and 28-nm bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor static random-access memory-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) operating at nominal voltage at a 20-MeV electron LINAC facility. Upsets are recorded in the embedded random-access memory (RAM) and configuration RAM of the FPGAs. This paper is the first to show electron-induced SEUs in a commercial-off-the-shelf device operating at nominal voltage. The measured electron-induced SEU cross sections are between 10(-8) and 10(-17) cm(2) / bit depending on the device and memory cell tested. Monte Carlo simulations show that the upsets are due to rare indirect ionization events. C1 [Gadlage, Matthew J.; Roach, Austin H.; Duncan, Adam R.; Savage, Mark W.; Kay, Matthew J.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM matthew.gadlage@navy.mil FU NSWC Crane FY15 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE/Section 219) program FX The authors would like to thank the NSWC Crane FY15 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE/Section 219) program for support of this effort. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2717 EP 2724 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2491220 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600048 ER PT J AU Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Buchner, SP Warner, JH Hughes, H McMarr, P McMorrow, D AF Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani Buchner, Stephen P. Warner, J. H. Hughes, Harold McMarr, Patrick McMorrow, Dale TI Impact of Cumulative Irradiation Degradation and Circuit Board Design on the Parameters of ASETs Induced in Discrete BJT-based Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Analog circuits; bipolar circuits; gamma-ray effects; ion radiation effects; laser; proton radiation effects; radiation effects; radiation hardening; single event mechanisms; single event transients ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; LM124 OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER; SYMBOLIC TRANSFER-FUNCTION; BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; PULSED-LASER LIGHT; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; VOLTAGE REFERENCE; ATREE RESPONSE; HEAVY-IONS; BROAD-BEAM AB Circuit parameters and configuration are very important when studying the synergistic effects total dose/SET. We explore a method combining dynamic parameter measurement and spectrum analysis which lead to a better understanding of this complex phenomenon. In this paper symbolic circuit analysis is used to obtain the relationship between input, output and noise injection due to photocurrent generation in the form of a rational function using symbolic variables in the complex frequency domain. This simulation technique was able to predict the impact of (i) total dose level, (ii) circuit parameters, and (iii) the injected energy on the ASET shapes. Basic mechanisms as field collapse and collection efficiency were also predicted and assessed. C1 [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani; McMarr, Patrick] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Buchner, Stephen P.; Warner, J. H.; Hughes, Harold; McMorrow, Dale] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roche, NJH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM nroche@gwu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2732 EP 2742 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498309 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600050 ER PT J AU Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH Buchner, S Koehler, AD Anderson, TJ Ferlet-Cavrois, V Muschitiello, M McMorrow, D Weaver, B Hobart, KD AF Khachatrian, A. Roche, N. J. -H. Buchner, S. Koehler, A. D. Anderson, T. J. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Muschitiello, M. McMorrow, D. Weaver, B. Hobart, K. D. TI A Comparison of Single-Event Transients in Pristine and Irradiated Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN HEMTs using Two-Photon Absorption and Heavy Ions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE GaN; heavy ions; high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); laser; single event transients ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION MECHANISMS; PROTON IRRADIATION; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; DEVICES; GAN AB Single-event transients (SETs) were investigated in Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) using optical excitation via two-photon absorption and by heavy ions. The amplitudes and widths of the SETs were found to depend on a number of different factors, including bias conditions, strike location, and material quality. C1 [Khachatrian, A.] Sotera Def Solut, Hernden, VA 20171 USA. [Khachatrian, A.; Roche, N. J. -H.; Buchner, S.; Koehler, A. D.; Anderson, T. J.; McMorrow, D.; Weaver, B.; Hobart, K. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, N. J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Muschitiello, M.] ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Khachatrian, A (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, Hernden, VA 20171 USA. EM ani.khachatrian.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; nicolas.roche.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; Stephen.buchner@nrl.navy.mil; andrew.koehler@nrl.navy.mil; travis.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; veronique.ferlet-cavrois@esa.int; michele.muschitiello@esa.int; dale.mcmorrow@nrl.navy.mil; bradley.weaver@nrl.navy.mil; karl.hobart@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2743 EP 2751 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498286 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600051 ER PT J AU Barth, M Liu, HC Warner, JH Bennett, BR Boos, JB McMorrow, D Roche, N Paillet, P Gaillardin, M Datta, S AF Barth, Michael Liu, Huichu Warner, Jeffrey H. Bennett, Brian R. Boos, J. Brad McMorrow, Dale Roche, Nicolas Paillet, Philippe Gaillardin, Marc Datta, Suman TI Single Event Measurement and Analysis of Antimony Based n-Channel Quantum-Well MOSFET With High-kappa Dielectric SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE AlGaSb; AlInSb; bipolar gain effect; charge deposition; heavy ion; high-electron mobility; InAsSb; quantum well MOSFETs; radiation; single-event transients ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-COLLECTION; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE AB Heavy-ion induced single-event measurements for n-channel InAsSb quantum-well metal-on-insulator field-effect transistors (QW-MOSFETs) are demonstrated for a range of gate bias conditions. Marked differences were observed in the transient current profile and the resultant collected charge at the drain nodes of the transistors depending on whether the devices were biased in accumulation or depletion with different gate voltages (V-GS). While the amplitude of the transients decreases as the transistors are biased into accumulation, a long decay tail of transients with enhanced charge collection is obtained compared to that in depletion. To analyze the transient response, a calibrated TCAD device simulation equipped with a heavy ion induced ionization model has been developed, which shows excellent agreement with the measured results for the entire range of evaluated gate bias conditions. The simulation analysis reveals that the charge-collection enhancement phenomenon in an n-channel InAsSb QW-MOSFET is associated with the increased bipolar gain due to the increased hole storage in accumulation. C1 [Barth, Michael; Liu, Huichu; Datta, Suman] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Bennett, Brian R.; Boos, J. Brad; McMorrow, Dale; Roche, Nicolas] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Paillet, Philippe; Gaillardin, Marc] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Barth, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjb590@psu.edu; hxl249@psu.edu; jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; brian.r.bennett@navy.mil; brad.boos@nrl.navy.mil; dale.mcmorrow@nrl.navy.mil; sdatta@engr.psu.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-12-1-0026]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) 6.1 program under award HDTRA1-12-1-0026 and the Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2807 EP 2814 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498905 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600059 ER PT J AU Hales, JM Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, S Warner, J Turowski, M Lilja, K Hooten, NC Zhang, EX Reed, RA Schrimpf, RD AF Hales, Joel M. Roche, Nicolas J-H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen Warner, Jeffrey Turowski, Marek Lilja, Klas Hooten, Nicholas C. Zhang, En Xia Reed, Robert A. Schrimpf, Ronald D. TI Two-Photon Absorption Induced Single-Event Effects: Correlation Between Experiment and Simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE CMOS; free-carrier absorption; free-carrier refraction; nonlinear optics; optical kerr effect; silicon; single-event effect (SEE); single-event upset (SEU); two-photon absorption ID TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; SILICON; PULSES; DAMAGE AB Carrier-density distributions generated via two-photon absorption from pulsed laser excitation are simulated using nonlinear-optical beam propagation software. These simulated carrier-density distributions are used to calculate depth profiles of the integrated collected charge using a rectangular-parallel-piped approach for two silicon diodes of different structure. Using a set of proposed correlation metrics, the resulting simulated charge collection profiles are found to exhibit good agreement with measured transient charge-collection data for most, but not all of the metrics. The physical phenomena underlying the correlation metrics are discussed in detail. The remaining discrepancies that exist between the simulated and experimental results are addressed and their potential causes are detailed. C1 [Hales, Joel M.; Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Hales, Joel M.; Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Khachatrian, Ani; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen; Warner, Jeffrey] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Turowski, Marek; Lilja, Klas] RCI, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Hooten, Nicholas C.; Zhang, En Xia; Reed, Robert A.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Hales, JM (reprint author), Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM joelmh@hotmail.com FU DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-97-1-0936]; Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program [N00421-98-C-1327] FX This work was supported in part by the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program, by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-97-1-0936, and by the Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program under Contract N00421-98-C-1327. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2867 EP 2873 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2489465 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600067 ER PT J AU LaGasse, SW Cress, CD Hughes, HL Lee, JU AF LaGasse, Samuel W. Cress, Cory D. Hughes, Harold L. Lee, Ji Ung TI Atomistic Modeling of Suspended Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors Under Proton Radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Carbon nanotube; field effect transistor (FET); non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF); quantum transport; transient effects ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAPHENE DEVICES; IRRADIATION; ELECTRONICS; GATE; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING; AIR AB We present an atomistic model explaining spontaneous reductions of source-drain current in suspended carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNT FETs) under proton irradiation. The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method is used to investigate the local density of states (LDOS) and transfer characteristics of the device. Our model suggests that ionized gas species within 20 nm of the CNT FET will act as an electrostatic gate, reducing current in the device for low back-gate voltages. C1 [LaGasse, Samuel W.; Lee, Ji Ung] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Cress, Cory D.; Hughes, Harold L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LaGasse, SW (reprint author), SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM slagasse@sunypoly.edu OI LaGasse, Samuel/0000-0001-8739-9621; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-14-1-G017]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR [HDTRA-15-15399] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under Grant No. N00173-14-1-G017, and in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under MIPR#: HDTRA-15-15399. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2881 EP 2887 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2478002 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600069 ER PT J AU Hoheisel, R Scheiman, D Messenger, S Jenkins, P Walters, R AF Hoheisel, Raymond Scheiman, David Messenger, Scott Jenkins, Phillip Walters, Robert TI Detailed Characterization of the Radiation Response of Multijunction Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Current-voltage characteristics; Electroluminescence; III-V semiconductor materials; Photovoltaic cells; Radiation effects AB The response of triple-junction solar cells to proton and electron irradiation is analyzed using electroluminescence (EL) measurements. This analysis allows the dark current of each individual subjunction to be determined providing insight into the radiation response mechanisms. C1 [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Scheiman, David; Jenkins, Phillip; Walters, Robert] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Messenger, Scott] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Hoheisel, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM hoheisel@gwu.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Emcore Corporation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and Emcore Corporation. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2894 EP 2898 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2498838 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600071 ER PT J AU Esqueda, IS Cress, CD AF Esqueda, I. Sanchez Cress, C. D. TI Modeling Radiation-Induced Scattering in Graphene SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Ballistic transport; conductivity; FETs; graphene; ionizing radiation; mean free path; mobility; scattering ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; DEVICES; TRANSISTORS; CARBON AB In this paper we analyze and model conductivity (sigma) and mobility (mu) degradation in graphene due to total ionizing dose (TID)-induced carrier scattering effects. The analysis technique presented in this paper utilizes in situ measurements of low-field transport in graphene samples irradiated with gamma rays (Co-60) in multiple doses up to 2 Mrad(Si). The carrier backscattering mean free path (lambda) is extracted as a function of ionizing radiation by fitting the measurements with analytical calculations of conductivity in graphene derived from scattering theory. This derivation is based on the Landauer approach and incorporates the linear dispersion relation near the Dirac point, and the two-dimensional (2-D) structure of graphene. The extractions of lambda are used to model the impact of radiation-induced scattering on the conductance (G) of graphene FETs as a function of channel length (L) from the diffusive (i.e., for L >> lambda) to the ballistic limit (i.e., for L << lambda). C1 [Esqueda, I. Sanchez] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Cress, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esqueda, IS (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM isanchez@isi.edu OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2906 EP 2911 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2477445 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600073 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Cress, CD Walters, RJ Roche, NJH Clark, KA Bennett, MF Blackmore, EW Trinczek, M AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Cress, Cory D. Walters, Robert J. Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Clark, Kenneth A. Bennett, Mitchell F. Blackmore, Ewart W. Trinczek, Michael TI GaAs Displacement Damage Dosimeter Based on Diode Dark Currents SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Diode dark currents; diodes; displacement damage; dosimeters; dosimetry; GaAs devices; nonionizing energy loss; radiation effects; radiation environment; space instrumentation; space radiation effects; space weather; space weather modeling; spacecraft ID SOLAR-CELL DEGRADATION; I-N-DIODES; ELECTRON-RADIATION; SPACE APPLICATIONS; PROTON; DEVICES AB GaAs diode dark currents are correlated over a very large proton energy range as a function of displacement damage dose (DDD). The linearity of the dark current increase with DDD over a wide range of applied voltage bias deems this device an excellent candidate for a DD dosimeter. Additional proton testing performed in situ enabled error estimate determination to within 10% for simulated space use. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Cress, Cory D.; Walters, Robert J.; Clark, Kenneth A.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Messenger, Scott R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bennett, Mitchell F.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Blackmore, Ewart W.; Trinczek, Michael] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Single-event-effects@nrl.navy.mil; scott.messenger@umbc.edu OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX00005] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N0001413WX00005. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2995 EP 3002 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2496720 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600085 ER PT J AU Song, I Jung, S Lourenco, NE Raghunathan, US Fleetwood, ZE Cho, MK Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Warner, JH Buchner, SP McMorrow, D Paki, P Cressler, JD AF Song, Ickhyun Jung, Seungwoo Lourenco, Nelson E. Raghunathan, Uppili S. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Cho, Moon-Kyu Roche, Nicholas J-H. Khachatrian, Ani Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. McMorrow, Dale Paki, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI Optimization of SiGe HBT RF Switches for Single-Event Transient Mitigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE CMOS; FET; pulsed-laser; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD); SiGe HBT; single-event effect (SEE); single-event transient (SET); switch; single-pole single-throw (SPST); two-photon absorption (TPA) ID SEU MITIGATION; DESIGN; RELIABILITY; BAND AB Single-event transient (SET)-hardened SiGe HBT RF single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches were designed and fabricated for the first time. TCAD-based heavy-ion simulations and two-photon absorption (TPA) laser-induced beam experiments were used to optimize the switch core configuration for SET mitigation. Among different configurations, the reverse-connected series and shunt device core, where both emitter terminals are connected to the output, exhibits the smallest transient peaks and shortest durations at the output terminal of the switch. Based on this finding, the design considerations for maximizing the RF performance of SiGe HBT SPST RF switches are discussed. In addition, a comparison of the SET response and RF performance of CMOS (nFET) SPST and SiGe HBT SPST switches provides additional information on the trade-offs in the SET mitigation strategy and potential RF capabilities. C1 [Song, Ickhyun; Jung, Seungwoo; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Raghunathan, Uppili S.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Cho, Moon-Kyu; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roche, Nicholas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Roche, Nicholas J-H.; Khachatrian, Ani; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.; McMorrow, Dale] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Paki, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy DTRA, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Song, I (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ihsong@gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058]; IBM FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058 and IBM. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 6 BP 3057 EP 3063 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2494859 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DA3WW UT WOS:000367732600093 ER PT J AU Jech, JM Horne, JK Chu, D Demer, DA Francis, DTI Gorska, N Jones, B Lavery, AC Stanton, TK Macaulay, GJ Reeder, DB Sawada, K AF Jech, J. Michael Horne, John K. Chu, Dezhang Demer, David A. Francis, David T. I. Gorska, Natalia Jones, Benjamin Lavery, Andone C. Stanton, Timothy K. Macaulay, Gavin J. Reeder, D. Benjamin Sawada, Kouichi TI Comparisons among ten models of acoustic backscattering used in aquatic ecosystem research SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; SOUND-SCATTERING; FINITE-LENGTH; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; FILLED CYLINDERS; ELASTIC OBJECTS; FISH; ZOOPLANKTON; RADIATION AB Analytical and numerical scattering models with accompanying digital representations are used increasingly to predict acoustic backscatter by fish and zooplankton in research and ecosystem monitoring applications. Ten such models were applied to targets with simple geometric shapes and parameterized (e.g., size and material properties) to represent biological organisms such as zooplankton and fish, and their predictions of acoustic backscatter were compared to those from exact or approximate analytical models, i.e., benchmarks. These comparisons were made for a sphere, spherical shell, prolate spheroid, and finite cylinder, each with homogeneous composition. For each shape, four target boundary conditions were considered: rigid-fixed, pressure-release, gas-filled, and weakly scattering. Target strength (dB re 1 m(2)) was calculated as a function of insonifying frequency (f = 12 to 400 kHz) and angle of incidence (theta = 0 degrees to 90 degrees). In general, the numerical models (i.e., boundary- and finite-element) matched the benchmarks over the full range of simulation parameters. While inherent errors associated with the approximate analytical models were illustrated, so were the advantages as they are computationally efficient and in certain cases, outperformed the numerical models under conditions where the numerical models did not converge. C1 [Jech, J. Michael] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chu, Dezhang] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Demer, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Francis, David T. I.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Elect Elect & Syst Engn, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Gorska, Natalia] Univ Gdansk, Inst Oceanog, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland. [Jones, Benjamin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lavery, Andone C.; Stanton, Timothy K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Macaulay, Gavin J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Reeder, D. Benjamin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sawada, Kouichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Kamisu, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.jech@noaa.gov OI Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537 FU Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the NOAA Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technologies Working Group, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Oceanic Partnership Program. Josiah S. Renfree, SWFSC, is thanked for computing the SDWBA predictions. K. Foote is thanked for comments and discussions. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for constructive comments. C. S. Clay and D. Van Holliday contributed not only to the early stages of this work, but also throughout their careers to establishing the foundation that produced this work. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 138 IS 6 BP 3742 EP 3764 DI 10.1121/1.4937607 PG 23 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DA1DE UT WOS:000367535700042 PM 26723330 ER PT J AU Cray, BA AF Cray, Benjamin A. TI Experimental verification of acoustic trace wavelength enhancement SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREE WAVE-PROPAGATION; ORTHOTROPIC PLATES; PRESSURE; ARRAY AB Directivity is essentially a measure of a sonar array's beamwidth that can be obtained in a spherically isotropic ambient noise field; narrow array mainbeam widths are more directive than broader mainbeam widths. For common sonar systems, the directivity factor (or directivity index) is directly proportional to the ratio of an incident acoustic trace wavelength to the sonar array's physical length (which is always constrained). Increasing this ratio, by creating additional trace wavelengths for a fixed array length, will increase array directivity. Embedding periodic structures within an array generates Bragg scattering of the incident acoustic plane wave along the array's surface. The Bragg scattered propagating waves are shifted in a precise manner and create shorter wavelength replicas of the original acoustic trace wavelength. These replicated trace wavelengths (which contain identical signal arrival information) increase an array's wavelength to length ratio and thus directivity. Therefore, a smaller array, in theory, can have the equivalent directivity of a much larger array. Measurements completed in January 2015 at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center's Acoustic Test Facility, in Newport, RI, verified, near perfectly, these replicated, shorter, trace wavelengths. C1 [Cray, Benjamin A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cray, BA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM benjamin.cray@navy.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 138 IS 6 BP 3765 EP 3772 DI 10.1121/1.4938019 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DA1DE UT WOS:000367535700043 PM 26723331 ER PT J AU Chiu, LYS Chang, AYY Reeder, DB AF Chiu, Linus Y. S. Chang, Andrea Y. Y. Reeder, D. Benjamin TI Resonant interaction of acoustic waves with subaqueous bedforms: Sand dunes in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODE; PROPAGATION; SHELFBREAK AB The large subaqueous sand dunes in the South China Sea are expected to produce the coupling of energy between acoustic normal modes. In this letter, resonant interaction between acoustic propagating modes and subaqueous bedforms are numerically investigated as a function of bedform wavelength, acoustic frequency and bedform packet length. The results demonstrate that bedform wavelength impacts acoustic mode coupling behavior, with the principal transfer of energy occurring between acoustic modes whose eigenvalue difference is equal to the peak value in the bedform wavenumber spectrum. The observed effect of wavelength is greater than that of acoustic frequency and bedform packet length. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Chiu, Linus Y. S.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Undersea Technol, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chang, Andrea Y. Y.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Asia Pacifc Ocean Res Ctr, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Reeder, D. Benjamin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chiu, LYS (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Undersea Technol, 70 Lienhai Rd, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM linus@mail.nsysu.edu.tw; andreachang@staff.nsysu.edu.tw; dbreeder@nps.edu FU National Science Council, Taiwan [MOST 104-2221-E-110-075, MOST 104-2221-E-110-076]; Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center (National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan); Office of Naval Research, USA FX This research was supported jointly by the National Science Council, Taiwan (project numbers MOST 104-2221-E-110-075 and MOST 104-2221-E-110-076), the Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center (National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan), and the Office of Naval Research, USA. The authors thank the R/V OR2 captain and crew whose efforts ensured successful cruises, and Dr. Chao-Shing Lee for providing the shipboard multibeam echosounder system. Special thanks are offered to the lead Taiwanese and U.S. Principal Investigators of the project: Dr. Sen Jan, Dr. Chi-Fang Chen, Dr. Y-J Yang (Taiwan), and Dr. Ching-Sang Chiu (U.S.). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 138 IS 6 BP EL515 EP EL521 DI 10.1121/1.4937746 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DA1DE UT WOS:000367535700005 PM 26723360 ER PT J AU Delikanli, S Akgul, MZ Murphy, JR Barman, B Tsai, Y Scrace, T Zhang, PY Bozok, B Hernandez-Martinez, PL Christodoulides, J Cartwright, AN Petrou, A Demir, HV AF Delikanli, Savas Akgul, Mehmet Zafer Murphy, Joseph R. Barman, Biplob Tsai, Yutsung Scrace, Thomas Zhang, Peiyao Bozok, Berkay Hernandez-Martinez, Pedro Ludwig Christodoulides, Joseph Cartwright, Alexander N. Petrou, Athos Demir, Hilmi Volkan TI Mn2+-Doped CdSe/CdS Core/Multishell Colloidal Quantum Wells Enabling Tunable Carrier-Dopant Exchange Interactions SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE diluted magnetic semiconductors; nanoplatelets; sp-d exchange interaction; core/shell; photoluminescence ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPLATELETS; DOTS; EMISSION; SUPERLATTICES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANORIBBONS; CDS AB In this work, we report the manifestations of carrier-dopant exchange interactions in colloidal Mn2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/multishell quantum wells. The carrier magnetic ion exchange interaction effects are tunable through wave function engineering. In our quantum well heterostructures, manganese was incorporated by growing a Cd0.985Mn0.015S monolayer shell on undoped CdSe nanoplatelets using the colloidal atomic layer deposition technique. Unlike previously synthesized Mn2+-doped colloidal nanostructures, the location of the Mn ions was controlled with atomic layer precision in our heterostructures. This is realized by controlling the spatial overlap between the carrier wave functions with the manganese ions by adjusting the location, composition, and number of the CdSe, Cd1-xMnxS, and CdS layers. The photoluminescence quantum yield of our magnetic heterostructures was found to be as high as 20% at room temperature with a narrow photoluminescence bandwidth of similar to 22 nm. Our colloidal quantum wells, which exhibit magneto-optical properties analogous to those of epitaxially grown quantum wells, offer new opportunities for solution-processed spin-based semiconductor devices. C1 [Delikanli, Savas; Akgul, Mehmet Zafer; Bozok, Berkay; Demir, Hilmi Volkan] Bilkent Univ, UNAM Inst Mat Sci & Nanotechnol, Dept Phys, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Murphy, Joseph R.; Barman, Biplob; Tsai, Yutsung; Scrace, Thomas; Zhang, Peiyao; Cartwright, Alexander N.; Petrou, Athos] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Hernandez-Martinez, Pedro Ludwig; Demir, Hilmi Volkan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Sci, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, LUMINOUS Ctr Excellence Semicond Lighting & Displ, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Christodoulides, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrou, A (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. EM petrou@buffalo.edu; volkan@bilkent.edu.tr RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 FU EU-FP7 Nanophotonics4Energy NoE; TUBITAK EEEAG [109E002, 109E004, 110E010, 110E217, 112E183]; A*STAR of Singapore; ESF-EURYI; TUBA-GEBIP; NSF [DMR 1305770]; [NRF-RF-2009-09]; [NRF-CRP-6-2010-02] FX The authors would like to thank EU-FP7 Nanophotonics4Energy NoE, and TUBITAK EEEAG 109E002, 109E004, 110E010, 110E217, and 112E183, and NRF-RF-2009-09, NRF-CRP-6-2010-02, and A*STAR of Singapore for the financial support. H.V.D. acknowledges support from ESF-EURYI and TUBA-GEBIP. Work at the University at Buffalo was supported by NSF DMR 1305770. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 12 BP 12473 EP 12479 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b05903 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CZ7LE UT WOS:000367280100100 PM 26567872 ER PT J AU Perry, LN McMullen, KL Coon, R Blair, PJ Brice, GT AF Perry, Lori N. McMullen, Kellie L. Coon, Robert Blair, Patrick J. Brice, Gary T. TI Live adenovirus types 4 and 7 not detected in the blood of vaccine recipients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS-VACCINE; TRAINEES; MILITARY C1 [Perry, Lori N.; McMullen, Kellie L.; Blair, Patrick J.; Brice, Gary T.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Coon, Robert] Quintiles Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Perry, LN (reprint author), 140 Sylvester Rd,Bldg 320, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM lori.n.perry.mil@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 73 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.009 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA CZ9AR UT WOS:000367390700005 PM 26521226 ER PT J AU Palastro, JP Gordon, D Hafizi, B Johnson, LA Penano, J Hubbard, RF Helle, M Kaganovich, D AF Palastro, J. P. Gordon, D. Hafizi, B. Johnson, L. A. Penano, J. Hubbard, R. F. Helle, M. Kaganovich, D. TI Plasma lenses for ultrashort multi-petawatt laser pulses SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN BACKSCATTERING; TENUOUS PLASMAS; WAVE-GUIDE; INTENSE; SCATTERING; CHANNEL; PROPAGATION; LIGHT AB An ideal plasma lens can provide the focusing power of a small f-number, solid-state focusing optic at a fraction of the diameter. An ideal plasma lens, however, relies on a steady-state, linear laser pulse-plasma interaction. Ultrashort multi-petawatt (MPW) pulses possess broad bandwidths and extreme intensities, and, as a result, their interaction with the plasma lens is neither steady state nor linear. Here, we examine nonlinear and time-dependent modifications to plasma lens focusing, and show that these result in chromatic and phase aberrations and amplitude distortion. We find that a plasma lens can provide enhanced focusing for 30 fs pulses with peak power up to similar to 1 PW. The performance degrades through the MPW regime, until finally a focusing penalty is incurred at similar to 10 PW. C1 [Palastro, J. P.; Gordon, D.; Hafizi, B.; Johnson, L. A.; Penano, J.; Hubbard, R. F.; Helle, M.; Kaganovich, D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palastro, JP (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871; Johnson, Luke/0000-0003-3965-3511 FU Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program FX The authors would like to thank Y.-H. Chen and A. Ting for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 12 AR 123101 DI 10.1063/1.4936286 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DA0AZ UT WOS:000367460400055 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Schmit, PF AF Velikovich, A. L. Schmit, P. F. TI Bell-Plesset effects in Rayleigh-Taylor instability of finite-thickness spherical and cylindrical shells SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; THIN-LAYER; PINCHES AB Bell-Plesset (BP) effects account for the influence of global convergence or divergence of the fluid flow on the evolution of the interfacial perturbations embedded in the flow. The development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in radiation-driven spherical capsules and magnetically-driven cylindrical liners necessarily includes a significant contribution from BP effects due to the time dependence of the radius, velocity, and acceleration of the unstable surfaces or interfaces. An analytical model is presented that, for an ideal incompressible fluid and small perturbation amplitudes, exactly evaluates the BP effects in finite-thickness shells through acceleration and deceleration phases. The time-dependent dispersion equations determining the "instantaneous growth rate" are derived. It is demonstrated that by integrating this approximate growth rate over time, one can accurately evaluate the number of perturbation e-foldings during the inward acceleration phase of the implosion. In the limit of small shell thickness, exact thin-shell perturbation equations and approximate thin-shell dispersion equations are obtained, generalizing the earlier results [E. G. Harris, Phys. Fluids 5, 1057 (1962); E. Ott, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1429 (1972); A. B. Bud'ko et al., Phys. Fluids B 2, 1159 (1990)]. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Velikovich, A. L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmit, P. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Velikovich, Alexander/0000-0002-2782-6246 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program [165746]; Sandia Corporation under its U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful to D. B. Sinars, K. L. Peterson, R. D. McBride, A. B. Sefkow, M. P. Desjarlais, J. L. Giuliani, D. D. Ryutov, M. A. Dorf, and E. L. Ruden for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE, and in part by an appointment of P.F.S. to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, which is part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Project No. 165746, and sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2015 VL 22 IS 12 AR 122711 DI 10.1063/1.4938272 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DA0AZ UT WOS:000367460400052 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. TI Presidential Policies on Terrorism: From Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wirtz, James J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3195 EI 1538-165X J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 130 IS 4 BP 767 EP 768 DI 10.1002/polq.12425 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA CZ8JH UT WOS:000367345500006 ER PT J AU Khan, FH AF Khan, Feroz Hassan TI Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Khan, Feroz Hassan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Khan, FH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3195 EI 1538-165X J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 130 IS 4 BP 770 EP 771 DI 10.1002/polq.12401 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA CZ8JH UT WOS:000367345500008 ER PT J AU Field, LD Walper, SA Susumu, K Oh, E Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB AF Field, Lauren D. Walper, Scott A. Susumu, Kimihiro Oh, Eunkeu Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. TI Modulation of Intracellular Quantum Dot to Fluorescent Protein Forster Resonance Energy Transfer via Customized Ligands and Spatial Control of Donor-Acceptor Assembly SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; sensor; FRET; quantum dot; protein; membrane; assembly; noncovalent; ligand ID BIOCOMPATIBLE SEMICONDUCTOR; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CANCER-THERAPY; CELLS; BIOCONJUGATION; NANOPARTICLES; CONJUGATE; STABILITY AB Understanding how to controllably modulate the efficiency of energy transfer in Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assemblies is critical to their implementation as sensing modalities. This is particularly true for sensing assemblies that are to be used as the basis for real time intracellular sensing of intracellular processes and events. We use a quantum dot (QD) donor -mCherry acceptor platform that is engineered to self-assemble in situ wherein the protein acceptor is expressed via transient transfection and the QD donor is microinjected into the cell. QD-protein assembly is driven by metal-affinity interactions where a terminal polyhistidine tag on the protein binds to the QD surface. Using this system, we show the ability to modulate the efficiency of the donor-acceptor energy transfer process by controllably altering either the ligand coating on the QD surface or the precise location where the QD-protein assembly process occurs. Intracellularly, a short, zwitterionic ligand mediates more efficient FRET relative to longer ligand species that are based on the solubilizing polymer, poly(ethylene glycol). We further show that a greater FRET efficiency is achieved when the QD-protein assembly occurs free in the cytosol compared to when the mCherry acceptor is expressed tethered to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. In the latter case, the lower FRET efficiency is likely attributable to a lower expression level of the mCherry acceptor at the membrane combined with steric hindrance. Our work points to some of the design considerations that one must be mindful of when developing FRET-based sensing schemes for use in intracellular sensing. C1 [Field, Lauren D.; Walper, Scott A.; Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lauren.field@nrl.navy.mil; scott.walper@nrl.navy.mil; susumu@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; eunkeu.oh.ctr.ks@nrl.navy.mil; igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil; james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL Institute for Nanoscience; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The NRL Institute for Nanoscience and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency are acknowledged for their support. We thank Sebastian Diaz for assistance with the FRET efficiency analysis. Lauren D. Field is a Ph.D. candidate in the Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 30457 EP 30468 DI 10.3390/s151229810 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DA1EM UT WOS:000367539100046 PM 26690153 ER PT J AU Brosh, H AF Brosh, Hezi TI Arabic Spelling: Errors, Perceptions, and Strategies SO FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS LA English DT Article DE Arabic spelling errors; morphology awareness; phonology awareness; spelling perceptions; spelling strategies ID MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS; WRITING INSTRUCTION; WORD RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; HEBREW; ORTHOGRAPHY; LITERACY; DYSLEXIA; LANGUAGE; COMPREHENSION AB This study investigated common spelling errors among first language English speakers who study Arabic at the college level. A sample of 63 students (45 males and 18 females) was asked to write texts about a variety of topics and then to answer survey questions regarding their perceptions and strategies. Their writing produced 457 spelling errors, which were examined and classified. The results demonstrate that the spelling skill is developmental and that it offers a necessary structure for students to master key elements of Arabic. The wide variety of spelling errors made by participants points to their unsatisfactory awareness of the language's phonology, morphology, and orthography aspects. Participants perceived an important connection between the spelling skill and such other skills as reading, writing, and pronunciation, but they perceived its development as challenging, due to insufficient practice. Their strategies for memorizing words included using textbooks and online dictionaries, repetition and practice, and simply sounding out the words. The results indicated potential implications that current and future Arabic instructors can use to help students develop the spelling skill. C1 [Brosh, Hezi] US Naval Acad, Arab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brosh, H (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Arab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0015-718X EI 1944-9720 J9 FOREIGN LANG ANN JI Foreign Lang. Ann. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 584 EP 603 DI 10.1111/flan.12158 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA CZ6OQ UT WOS:000367221000005 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Stievater, TH Pruessner, MW Rabinovich, WS AF Khurgin, J. B. Stievater, T. H. Pruessner, M. W. Rabinovich, W. S. TI On the origin of the second-order nonlinearity in strained Si-SiN structures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON WAVE-GUIDES; DIAMOND-TYPE CRYSTALS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; INHOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATION; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; POLARIZATION; REFLECTION AB The development of efficient low-loss electro-optic and nonlinear components based on silicon or its related compounds, such as nitrides and oxides, is expected to dramatically enhance silicon photonics by eliminating the need for non-CMOS-compatible materials. While bulk Si is centrosymmetric and thus displays no second-order (chi((2))) effects, a body of experimental evidence accumulated in the last decade demonstrates that when a strain gradient is present, a significant chi((2)) and Pockels coefficient can be observed. In this work we connect a strain-gradient-induced chi((2)) with another strain-gradient-induced phenomenon, the flexoelectric effect. We show that even in the presence of an extremely strong strain gradient, the degree by which a nonpolar material like Si can be altered cannot possibly explain the order of magnitude of observed chi((2)) phenomena. At the same time, in a polar material like SiN, each bond has a large nonlinear polarizability, so when the inversion symmetry is broken by a strain gradient, a small (few degrees) reorientation of bonds can engender chi((2)) of the magnitude observed experimentally. It is our view therefore that the origin of the nonlinear and electro-optic effects in strained Si structures lies not in the Si itself but in the material providing the strain: the silicon nitride cladding. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stievater, T. H.; Pruessner, M. W.; Rabinovich, W. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2494 EP 2499 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.002494 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ6UN UT WOS:000367236600014 ER PT J AU Mabry, TJ AF Mabry, Tristan James TI Border Politics: Social Movements, Collective Identities, and Globalization SO PERSPECTIVES ON POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Mabry, Tristan James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mabry, TJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1537-5927 EI 1541-0986 J9 PERSPECT POLIT JI Perspect. Polit. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1216 DI 10.1017/S1537592715003072 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA CZ6EB UT WOS:000367192900101 ER PT J AU Deng, Y AF Deng, Yong TI Status in World Politics SO PERSPECTIVES ON POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deng, Yong] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1537-5927 EI 1541-0986 J9 PERSPECT POLIT JI Perspect. Polit. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1219 DI 10.1017/S1537592715003096 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA CZ6EB UT WOS:000367192900103 ER PT J AU Wile, SM Hacker, JP Chilcoat, KH AF Wile, Sean M. Hacker, Joshua P. Chilcoat, Kenneth H. TI The Potential Utility of High-Resolution Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis for Observation Placement during Weak Flow in Complex Terrain SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION; SYSTEM AB Expansion in the availability of relocatable near-surface atmospheric observing sensors introduces the question of where placement maximizes gain in forecast accuracy. As one possible method of addressing observation placement, the performance of ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is examined for high-resolution (Delta x = 4 km) predictions in complex terrain and during weak flow. ESA can be inaccurate when the underlying assumptions of linear dynamics (and Gaussian statistics) are violated, or when the sensitivity cannot be robustly sampled. A case study of a fog event at Salt Lake City International Airport (KSLC) in Utah provides a useful basis for examining these issues, with the additional influence of complex terrain. A realistic upper-air observing network is used in perfect-model ensemble data assimilation experiments, providing the statistics for ESA. Results show that water vapor mixing ratios over KSLC are sensitive to potential temperature on the first model layer tens of kilometers away, 6 h prior to verification and prior to the onset of fog. Potential temperatures indicate inversion strength in the Salt Lake basin; the ESA predicts southerly flow and strengthened inversions will increase water vapor over KSLC. Linearity tests show that the nonlinear response is about twice the expected response. Experiments with smaller ensembles show that qualitatively similar conclusions about the sensitivity pattern can be reached with ensembles as small as 48 members, but smaller ensembles do not produce accurate sensitivity estimates. Taken together, the results motivate a closer look at the fundamental characteristics of ESA when dynamics (and therefore correlations) are weak. C1 [Wile, Sean M.; Hacker, Joshua P.; Chilcoat, Kenneth H.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM hacker@ucar.edu FU Office of Naval Research under the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program FX This research was funded in part by the Office of Naval Research under the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program. We are grateful for continued help from Jeff Anderson and the DART team at NCAR. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1536 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00066.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3DX UT WOS:000366985700004 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, M Vitart, F Lang, STK Magnusson, L Elsberry, RL Elliott, G Kyouda, M Nakazawa, T AF Yamaguchi, Munehiko Vitart, Frederic Lang, Simon T. K. Magnusson, Linus Elsberry, Russell L. Elliott, Grant Kyouda, Masayuki Nakazawa, Tetsuo TI Global Distribution of the Skill of Tropical Cyclone Activity Forecasts on Short- to Medium-Range Time Scales SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ECMWF 32-DAY ENSEMBLE; INTRASEASONAL TIMESCALES; PREDICTIONS; EVENTS; MODELS AB Operational global medium-range ensemble forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) activity (genesis plus the subsequent track) are systematically evaluated to understand the skill of the state-of-the-art ensembles in forecasting TC activity as well as the relative benefits of a multicenter grand ensemble with respect to a single-model ensemble. The global ECMWF, JMA, NCEP, and UKMO ensembles are evaluated from 2010 to 2013 in seven TC basins around the world. The verification metric is the Brier skill score (BSS), which is calculated within a 3-day time window over a forecast length of 2 weeks to examine the skill from short- to medium-range time scales (0-14 days). These operational global medium-range ensembles are capable of providing guidance on TC activity forecasts that extends into week 2. Multicenter grand ensembles (MCGEs) tend to have better forecast skill (larger BSSs) than does the best single-model ensemble, which is the ECMWF ensemble in most verification time windows and most TC basins. The relative benefit of the MCGEs is relatively large in the north Indian Ocean and TC basins in the Southern Hemisphere where the BSS of the single-model ensemble is relatively small. The BSS metric and the reliability are found to be sensitive to the choice of threshold wind values that are used to define the model TCs. C1 [Yamaguchi, Munehiko] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Vitart, Frederic; Lang, Simon T. K.; Magnusson, Linus] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Elsberry, Russell L.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Elliott, Grant] Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Kyouda, Masayuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Yamaguchi, M (reprint author), 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM myamagu@mri-jma.go.jp NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1695 EP 1709 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00136.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3EI UT WOS:000366986800001 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Little, BJ AF Lee, Jason S. Little, Brenda J. TI Technical Note: Electrochemical and Chemical Complications Resulting from Yeast Extract Addition to Stimulate Microbial Growth SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE 316L; microbiologically influenced corrosion; redox mediators; riboflavin; yeast extract ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; REDOX MEDIATORS; BIOFUEL CELL; FUEL-CELLS; AZO DYES; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; DECOLORIZATION; INHIBITION; SEAWATER AB Addition of 1 g/L yeast extract (YE) to sterile, aerobic (approximately 21% dissolved oxygen) and deoxygenated (<0.0001% dissolved oxygen) natural seawater fixed the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel. YE contains riboflavin and other B vitamins that can act as redox mediators, sorb to surfaces, and chelate metal ions. As demonstrated, YE alters the pH of buffered media, including natural seawater. These same activities are typically attributed to microorganisms and are related to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) mechanisms. Despite the prevalent use of YE to stimulate microbial growth in MIC experiments, the potential impact of YE on the outcome of those experiments has not been examined. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Little, Brenda J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL Base Program FX Efforts funded through NRL Base Program. NRL publication number NRL/JA/7330-15-2627. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 EI 1938-159X J9 CORROSION-US JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 2015 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1434 EP 1440 DI 10.5006/1833 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CY8HZ UT WOS:000366650700003 ER PT J AU McCormick, PM Higgins, T Blunt, SD Rangaswamy, M AF McCormick, Patrick M. Higgins, Thomas Blunt, Shannon D. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Adaptive Receive Processing of Spatially Modulated Physical Radar Emissions SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive filtering; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar; waveform diversity ID PULSE-COMPRESSION; WAVE-FORMS; ALGORITHM AB Inspired by the fixational movements of the human eye, fast-time spatial modulation was recently demonstrated as a particular physically realizable form of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar emission. The attendant coupling of the delay and angle dimensions has been shown to provide a modest improvement in spatial separation, even when using non-adaptive pulse compression and beamforming. Here this continuous emission paradigm is appropriately discretized and a joint delay-angle adaptive filtering strategy is developed that exploits the physical waveform-diverse emission structure to realize significant enhancement in target separability. C1 [McCormick, Patrick M.; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Higgins, Thomas] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCormick, PM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM pmccormick@ittc.ku.edu; sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Radar Division of U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The guest editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Maria Greco. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2015.2467360 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CY5SD UT WOS:000366466800006 ER PT J AU Downey, BP Meyer, DJ Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Ancona, MG Pan, M Gao, X AF Downey, Brian P. Meyer, David J. Roussos, Jason A. Katzer, D. Scott Ancona, Mario G. Pan, Ming Gao, Xiang TI Effect of Gate Insulator Thickness on RF Power Gain Degradation of Vertically Scaled GaN MIS-HEMTs at 40 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Gate insulator; reliability; millimeter wave; RFOL; hot electron ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; RELIABILITY AB We present an initial study of the RF reliability of SiNx/InAlN/AlN/GaN MIS-HEMTs with a molecular-beam epitaxy deposited SiNx gate insulator thickness varying from 0 (Schottky gate) to 6 nm. T-gate devices with 120 nm gate length were stressed under continuous-wave 40-GHz large-signal RF operation, biased in class AB with V-DS = 20 V. Degradation in large-signal output power gain was observed to various degrees for all devices. For structures with a 3- or 6-nm gate insulator thickness, output power degraded by approximately 1 dB or less after 250 h of operation. A rapid decrease in output power was observed for structures with a 1-nm gate insulator or a Schottky gate, with a 1-dB decrease in output power within the first 10 h of operation. Degradation in output power was associated with a reduction in drain current, likely caused by hot-electron-related trapping as the drain current was fully recoverable after exposing the devices to UV light. Simulations show that as the gate insulator thickness is reduced, the peak lateral electric field in the channel increases, which would be consistent with an increase in hot-electron-related degradation. C1 [Downey, Brian P.; Meyer, David J.; Roussos, Jason A.; Katzer, D. Scott; Ancona, Mario G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pan, Ming; Gao, Xiang] IQE RF LLC, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Downey, BP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.downey@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research with funding from Dr. P.Maki. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 EI 1558-2574 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2015.2467161 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CY8MK UT WOS:000366662500002 ER PT J AU Rowenhorst, D Rollett, AD Rohrer, GS Groeber, M Jackson, M Konijnenberg, PJ De Graef, M AF Rowenhorst, D. Rollett, A. D. Rohrer, G. S. Groeber, M. Jackson, M. Konijnenberg, P. J. De Graef, M. TI Consistent representations of and conversions between 3D rotations SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE 3D rotation; quaternion; crystallography AB In materials science the orientation of a crystal lattice is described by means of a rotation relative to an external reference frame. A number of rotation representations are in use, including Euler angles, rotation matrices, unit quaternions, Rodrigues-Frank vectors and homochoric vectors. Each representation has distinct advantages and disadvantages with respect to the ease of use for calculations and data visualization. It is therefore convenient to be able to easily convert from one representation to another. However, historically, each representation has been implemented using a set of often tacit conventions; separate research groups would implement different sets of conventions, thereby making the comparison of methods and results difficult and confusing. This tutorial article aims to resolve these ambiguities and provide a consistent set of conventions and conversions between common rotational representations, complete with worked examples and a discussion of the trade-offs necessary to resolve all ambiguities. Additionally, an open source Fortran-90 library of conversion routines for the different representations is made available to the community. C1 [Rowenhorst, D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rollett, A. D.; Rohrer, G. S.; De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Groeber, M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jackson, M.] BlueQuartz Software, Springboro, OH 45066 USA. [Konijnenberg, P. J.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Konijnenberg, P. J.] Bruker Nano GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Rowenhorst, D (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; rohrer@cmu.edu; mike.groeber@gmail.com; mike.jackson@bluequartz.net; p.konijnenberg@mpie.de; degraef@cmu.edu RI Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N0001414WX20779]; National Science Foundation [DMR 1435544]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MURI [FA9550-12-1-0458] FX DJR would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Structural Metallics Program of Office of Naval Research under contract # N0001414WX20779. ADR acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under contract # DMR 1435544. MDG would like to acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, MURI contract # FA9550-12-1-0458, for financial support. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 23 IS 8 AR 083501 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/23/8/083501 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CZ0LM UT WOS:000366796400001 ER PT J AU Yang, LY Chen, WB McCreary, KM Jonker, BT Lou, J Crooker, SA AF Yang, Luyi Chen, Weibing McCreary, Kathleen M. Jonker, Berend T. Lou, Jun Crooker, Scott A. TI Spin Coherence and Dephasing of Localized Electrons in Monolayer MoS2 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 2D Semiconductor; monolayer MoS2; spin coherence; dichalcogenide ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; VALLEY POLARIZATION; WSE2; RELAXATION; EMITTERS; GROWTH; LAYER; DOTS AB We report a systematic study of coherent spin precession and spin dephasing in electron-doped monolayer MoS2. Using time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy and applied in-plane magnetic fields, a nanosecond time scale Larmor spin precession signal commensurate with g-factor lgol 1.86 is observed in several different Mo52 samples grown by chemical vapor deposition. The dephasing rate of this oscillatory signal increases linearly with magnetic field, suggesting that the coherence arises from a subensemble of localized electron spins having an inhomogeneously broadened distribution of g-factors, go + Delta g. In contrast to go, Ag is sample-dependent and ranges from 0.042 to 0.115. C1 [Yang, Luyi; Crooker, Scott A.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Weibing; Lou, Jun] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McCreary, Kathleen M.; Jonker, Berend T.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crooker, SA (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crooker@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos LDRD program; NSF [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0268]; Welch Foundation [C1716]; NRL Nanoscience Institute; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AOARD 14IOA018-134141] FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos LDRD program. These optical studies were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida. We also acknowledge the support from AFOSR (grant FA9550-14-1-0268) and the Welch Foundation (grant C1716). The work at NRL was supported by core programs and the NRL Nanoscience Institute, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract number AOARD 14IOA018-134141. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 8250 EP 8254 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03771 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CY3WC UT WOS:000366339600069 PM 26554897 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Anderson, TJ Feigelson, BN Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Anderson, Travis J. Feigelson, Boris N. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. TI Characterization of an Mg-implanted GaN p-i-n diode SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GaN; implantation; Mg ions; p-i-n diodes; Raman spectroscopy ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ACTIVATION; ALGAN/GAN; JUNCTION AB An Mg-implanted p-i-n diode was fabricated and characterized. Mg activation was achieved using the multicycle rapid thermal annealing technique with rapid heating pulses up to 1340 degrees C. The surface of the implanted GaN after annealing was smooth (0.94 nm RMS roughness) with growth steps evident as characterized by atomic force microscopy. The full width at half-maximum of the implanted GaN E-2 Raman mode approaches that of the as-grown GaN after the annealing process, indicating that the annealing process is able to reverse most of the implantation damage. The Mg-implanted p-i-n diode exhibits rectification and a low leakage current of 0.11 mu A cm(-2) at a bias of -10 V. Under forward bias, light emission was observed from the p-i-n diode. The implantation and activation of Mg in a GaN-based device, demonstrated for the first time in this research, is a key enabling step for future optoelectronic and power electronic devices. [GRAPHICS] Current-voltage characteristics of the Mg-implanted p-i-n diode with an inset of the device schematic. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jordan.greenlee.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory; ONR; Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was partially supported by ONR under the supervision of Lynn J. Peterson. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors are sincerely grateful to David Zapotok, Dean St. Amand, and Konrad Bussmann for their assistance and support. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 212 IS 12 BP 2772 EP 2775 DI 10.1002/pssa.201532506 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY7LM UT WOS:000366589900018 ER PT J AU Massey, M Ancona, MG Medintz, IL Algar, WR AF Massey, Melissa Ancona, Mario G. Medintz, Igor L. Algar, W. Russ TI Time-Resolved Nucleic Acid Hybridization Beacons Utilizing Unimolecular and Toehold-Mediated Strand Displacement Designs SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION; MOLECULAR BEACONS; DIAGNOSTIC ASSAY; DNA DETECTION; QUANTUM DOTS; PROBES; MICRORNA; DONORS AB Nucleic acid hybridization probes are sought after for numerous assay and imaging applications. These probes are often limited by the properties of fluorescent dyes, prompting the development of new probes where dyes are paired with novel or nontraditional luminescent materials. Luminescent terbium complexes are an example of such a material, and these complexes offer several unique spectroscopic advantages. Here, we demonstrate two nonstem-loop designs for light-up nucleic acid hybridization beacons that utilize time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) between a luminescent Lumi4-Tb cryptate (Tb) donor and a fluorescent reporter dye, where time-resolved emission from the dye provides an analytical signal. Both designs are based on probe oligonucleotides that are labeled at their opposite termini with Tb and a fluorescent reporter dye. In one design, a probe is partially blocked with a quencher dye-labeled oligonucleotide, and target hybridization is signaled through toehold-mediated strand displacement and loss of a competitive FRET pathway. In the other design, the intrinsic folding properties of an unblocked probe are utilized in combination with a temporal mechanism for signaling target hybridization. This temporal mechanism is based on a recently elucidated sweet spot for TR-FRET measurements and exploits distance control over FRET efficiencies to shift the Tb lifetime within or outside the time-gated detection window for measurements. Both the blocked and unblocked beacons offer nanomolar (femtomole) detection limits, response times on the order of minutes, multiplexing through the use of different reporter dyes, and detection in complex matrices such as serum and blood. The blocked beacons offer better mismatch selectivity, whereas the unblocked beacons are simpler in design. The temporal mechanism of signaling utilized with the unblocked beacons also plays a significant role with the blocked beacons and represents a new and effective strategy for developing FRET probes for bioassays. C1 [Massey, Melissa; Algar, W. Russ] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Ancona, Mario G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Algar, WR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM algar@chem.ubc.ca FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); DTRA; NRL; NRL NSI; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair (Tier 2); Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award FX The authors acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). M.G.A. and I.L.M. acknowledge support from DTRA, NRL, and the NRL NSI. W.R.A. acknowledges support from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2), and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award. The authors thank Lumiphore, Inc. for the Lumi4-Tb-NHS reagent. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 23 BP 11923 EP 11931 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03618 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CX8CV UT WOS:000365931100045 PM 26562366 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, CT AF Rodenbeck, Christopher T. TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON 2015 INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rodenbeck, Christopher T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodenbeck, CT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 63 IS 12 SI SI BP 4199 EP 4200 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2496698 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CY3OO UT WOS:000366319300001 ER PT J AU Radko, T Ball, J Colosi, J Flanagan, J AF Radko, Timour Ball, James Colosi, John Flanagan, Jason TI Double-Diffusive Convection in a Stochastic Shear SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Diapycnal mixing; Diffusion; Instability; Small scale processes; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Microscale processes; variability; Mixing ID SALT FINGER CONVECTION; INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINT; WAVES; OCEAN; FLOW AB An attempt is made to quantify the impact of stochastic wave-induced shears on salt fingers associated with internal waves in the ocean. The wave environment is represented by the superposition of Fourier components conforming to the Garrett-Munk (GM) spectrum with random initial phase distribution. The resulting time series of vertical shear are incorporated into a finger-resolving numerical model, and the latter is used to evaluate the equilibrium diapycnal fluxes of heat and salt. The proposed procedure makes it possible to simulate salt fingers in shears that are representative of typical oceanic conditions. This study finds that the shear-induced modification of salt fingers is largely caused by near-inertial motions. These relatively slow waves act to align salt fingers in the direction of shear, thereby rendering the double-diffusive dynamics effectively two-dimensional. Internal waves reduce the equilibrium vertical fluxes of heat and salt by a factor of 2 relative to those in the unsheared three-dimensional environment, bringing them close to the values suggested by corresponding two-dimensional simulations. C1 [Radko, Timour; Ball, James; Colosi, John; Flanagan, Jason] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room SP-344, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1334914]; NSF [OCI-1053575] FX The authors thank William Smyth, Erick Edwards, and the reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grant OCE 1334914) is gratefully acknowledged. The computing resources were supplied by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) program, which is supported by the NSF Grant OCI-1053575. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3155 EP 3167 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0051.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CY4RJ UT WOS:000366395600002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Satterfield, EA Bishop, CH AF Reynolds, Carolyn A. Satterfield, Elizabeth A. Bishop, Craig H. TI Using Forecast Temporal Variability to Evaluate Model Behavior SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Diagnostics; Ensembles; Model errors; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ERROR GROWTH; PART I; VERIFICATION METHODS; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE MODELS; SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE; FREQUENCY AB The statistics of model temporal variability ought to be the same as those of the filtered version of reality that the model is designed to represent. Here, simple diagnostics are introduced to quantify temporal variability on different time scales and are then applied to NCEP and CMC global ensemble forecasting systems. These diagnostics enable comparison of temporal variability in forecasts with temporal variability in the initial states from which the forecasts are produced. They also allow for an examination of how day-to-day variability in the forecast model changes as forecast integration time increases. Because the error in subsequent analyses will differ, it is shown that forecast temporal variability should lie between corresponding analysis variability and analysis variability minus 2 times the analysis error variance. This expectation is not always met and possible causes are discussed. The day-to-day variability in NCEP forecasts steadily decreases at a slow rate as forecast time increases. In contrast, temporal variability increases during the first few days in the CMC control forecasts, and then levels off, consistent with a spinup of the forecasts starting from overly smoothed analyses. The diagnostics successfully reflect a reduction in the temporal variability of the CMC perturbed forecasts after a system upgrade. The diagnostics also illustrate a shift in variability maxima from storm-track regions for 1-day variability to blocking regions for 10-day variability. While these patterns are consistent with previous studies examining temporal variability on different time scales, they have the advantage of being obtainable without the need for extended (e.g., multimonth) forecast integrations. C1 [Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Satterfield, Elizabeth A.; Bishop, Craig H.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N] FX This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. The forecasts were obtained from the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data portal at ECMWF. We thank three anonymous reviewers for very conscientious critiques that have helped us improve the manuscript. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 12 BP 4785 EP 4804 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0083.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY4RO UT WOS:000366396100001 ER PT J AU Yu, ML Giraldo, FX Peng, M Wang, ZJ AF Yu, M. L. Giraldo, F. X. Peng, M. Wang, Z. J. TI Localized Artificial Viscosity Stabilization of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Mesoscale models; Nonhydrostatic models; Numerical analysis; modeling ID COMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; WEATHER PREDICTION; NUMERICAL-METHODS; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; DIFFUSION; SCHEMES AB Gibbs oscillation can show up near flow regions with strong temperature gradients in the numerical simulation of nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric flows when using the high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The authors propose to incorporate flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity in the DG framework to suppress the spurious oscillation in the vicinity of sharp thermal fronts but not to contaminate the smooth flow features elsewhere. The parameters in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity are modeled based on both physical criteria and numerical features of the DG discretization. The resulting numerical formulation is first validated on several shock-involved test cases, including a shock discontinuity problem with the one-dimensional Burger's equation, shock-entropy wave interaction, and shock-vortex interaction. Then the efficacy of the developed numerical formulation on stabilizing thermal fronts in nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric modeling is demonstrated by two benchmark test cases: the rising thermal bubble problem and the density current problem. The results indicate that the proposed flow-feature-based localized Laplacian artificial viscosity method can sharply detect the nonsmooth flow features, and stabilize the DG discretization nearby. Furthermore, the numerical stabilization method works robustly for a wide range of grid sizes and polynomial orders without parameter tuning in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity. C1 [Yu, M. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Giraldo, F. X.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Peng, M.] US Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wang, Z. J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Yu, ML (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM mlyu@umbc.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000173-12-G902, PE-0602435N]; National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) [121670] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for giving many excellent suggestions for improving this paper. Yu and Wang gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through Award N000173-12-G902. The second author (FXG) gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research through Program Element PE-0602435N and the National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) through Program Element 121670. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 143 IS 12 BP 4823 EP 4845 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0134.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CY4RQ UT WOS:000366396300001 ER PT J AU Zieger, S Babanin, AV Rogers, WE Young, IR AF Zieger, Stefan Babanin, Alexander V. Rogers, W. Erick Young, Ian R. TI Observation-based source terms in the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wave modelling; Wind input; Negative input; Whitecapping dissipation; Swell dissipation ID FOLLOWER FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; INPUT SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; BREAKING PROBABILITY; 4-WAVE INTERACTIONS; AIR-FLOW; PART II; TURBULENCE AB Measurements collected during the AUSWEX field campaign, at Lake George (Australia), resulted in new insights into the processes of wind wave interaction and whitecapping dissipation, and consequently new parameterizations of the input and dissipation source terms. The new nonlinear wind input term developed accounts for dependence of the growth on wave steepness, airflow separation, and for negative growth rate under adverse winds. The new dissipation terms feature the inherent breaking term, a cumulative dissipation term and a term due to production of turbulence by waves, which is particularly relevant for decaying seas and for swell. The latter is consistent with the observed decay rate of ocean swell. This paper describes these source terms implemented in WAVEWATCH Ill (R) and evaluates the performance against existing source terms in academic duration-limited tests, against buoy measurements for windsea-dominated conditions, under conditions of extreme wind forcing (Hurricane Katrina), and against altimeter data in global hindcasts. Results show agreement by means of growth curves as well as integral and spectral parameters in the simulations and hindcast. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Zieger, Stefan; Babanin, Alexander V.] Swinburne Univ Technol, COEST, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Rogers, W. Erick] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Young, Ian R.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Zieger, S (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, GFO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM szieger@bom.gov.au RI Young, Ian/E-7385-2011; OI Young, Ian/0000-0003-2233-9227; Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research through Naval Research [N00014-101-0418, N00014-13-1-0278]; U.S. Office of Naval Research through Woodside Energy Ltd; Department of Marine Sciences of the University of Southern Mississippi, MS, United States FX The authors acknowledge funding from the U.S. Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Grants N00014-101-0418 and N00014-13-1-0278 and through funding from Woodside Energy Ltd. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Department of Marine Sciences of the University of Southern Mississippi, MS, United States. The use of computing resources from the NeCTAR Research Cloud, an Australian Government project is highly appreciated. For extended discussion we like to thank Mostafa Bakhoday Paskyabi of the University of Bergen, Norway. The authors are thankful for all comments and criticism raised by four independent reviewers. Buoy data was sourced from the U.S. National Data Buoy Center's (NODC) Distributed Oceanographic Data Systems (DODS) server. NR 112 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 BP 2 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j,ocemod.2015.07,014 PN 1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CX9WY UT WOS:000366058400002 ER PT J AU Yu, ZT Metzger, EJ Thoppil, P Hurlburt, HE Zamudio, L Smedstad, OM Na, HN Nakamura, H Park, JH AF Yu, Zhitao Metzger, E. Joseph Thoppil, Prasad Hurlburt, Harley E. Zamudio, Luis Smedstad, Ole Martin Na, Hanna Nakamura, Hirohiko Park, Jae-Hun TI Seasonal cycle of volume transport through Kerama Gap revealed by a 20-year global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ku rosItio; Mesoscale eddy; HYCOM; Kerama Gap ID EAST-CHINA-SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; KUROSHIO TRANSPORT; DATA ASSIMILATION; OKINAWA TROUGH; TOKARA STRAIT; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; TAIWAN; CIRCULATION AB The temporal variability of volume transport from the North Pacific Ocean to the East China Sea (ECS) through Kerama Gap (between Okinawa Island and Miyakojima Island a part of Ryukyu Islands Arc) is investigated using a 20-year global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis with the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation from 1993 to 2012. The HYCOM mean transport is 2.1 Sv (positive into the ECS, 1 Sv 106 m(3)/s) from June 2009 to June 2011, in good agreement with the observed 2.0 Sv transport during the same period. This is similar to the 20 year mean Kerama Gap transport of 1.95 zL 4.0 Sv, The 20 year monthly mean volume transport (transport seasonal cycle) is maximum in October (3.0 Sv) and minimum in November (0.5 Sv). The annual variation component (345-400 days), mesoscale eddy component (70-345 days), and Kuroshio meander component (< 10 days) are separated to determine their contributions to the transport seasonal cycle. The annual variation component has a close relation with the local wind field and increases (decreases) transport into the ECS through Keraina Gap in suinmer (winter). Most of the variations in the transport seasonal cycle come from the mesoscale eddy component. The impinging inesoscale eddies increase the transport into the ECS during January, February, May, and October, and decrease it in March, April, November, and December, but have little effect in summer (June-September). The Kuroshio meander components cause smaller transport variations in summer than in winter. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Zhitao] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Yu, Zhitao; Metzger, E. Joseph; Thoppil, Prasad] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hurlburt, Harley E.; Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] Vencore Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Na, Hanna] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Nakamura, Hirohiko] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Fisheries, Kagoshima 890, Japan. [Park, Jae-Hun] Inha Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Inchon, South Korea. RP Yu, ZT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zhitao.yu.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Park, Jae-Hun/0000-0003-0442-695X FU Office of Naval Research [0601135]; American Society for Engineering Education; Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center FX The numerical output used for this paper can be found on the Intp://www.hycom.org data server under the "HYCOM NCODA Global 1/12 degrees Reanalysis" link. This effort was funded by the "6.1 Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current Dynamics" project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0601135 N.Z.Y. was supported by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the American Society for Engineering Education, with funding provided by the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS. Computer time was provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program and the simulations were performed on the IBM Power 6 (daVinci) and the IBM iDataPlcx (Kilrain) at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resources Center, Stennis Space Center, MS. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-15-2704. It has been approved for public release and distribution is unlimited. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 96 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.012 PN 2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CX9XA UT WOS:000366058600002 ER PT J AU Dierssen, H McManus, GB Chlus, A Qiu, DJ Gao, BC Lin, SJ AF Dierssen, Heidi McManus, George B. Chlus, Adam Qiu, Dajun Gao, Bo-Cai Lin, Senjie TI Space station image captures a red tide ciliate bloom at high spectral and spatial resolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; hyperspectral; ocean color; red tide; Mesodinium ciliate ID MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; MYRIONECTA-RUBRA; OCEAN COLOR; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; COASTAL WATERS; RNA-SEQ; ABSORPTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; ESTUARY AB Mesodinium rubrum is a globally distributed nontoxic ciliate that is known to produce intense red-colored blooms using enslaved chloroplasts from its algal prey. Although frequent enough to have been observed by Darwin, blooms of M. rubrum are notoriously difficult to quantify because M. rubrum can aggregate into massive clouds of rusty-red water in a very short time due to its high growth rates and rapid swimming behavior and can disaggregate just as quickly by vertical or horizontal dispersion. A September 2012 hyperspectral image from the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean sensor aboard the International Space Station captured a dense red tide of M. rubrum (10(6) cells per liter) in surface waters of western Long Island Sound. Genetic data confirmed the identity of the chloroplast as a cryptophyte that was actively photosynthesizing. Microscopy indicated extremely high abundance of its yellow fluorescing signature pigment phycoerythrin. Spectral absorption and fluorescence features were related to ancillary photosynthetic pigments unique to this organism that cannot be observed with traditional satellites. Cell abundance was estimated at a resolution of 100 m using an algorithm based on the distinctive yellow fluorescence of phycoerythrin. Future development of hyperspectral satellites will allow for better enumeration of bloom-forming coastal plankton, the associated physical mechanisms, and contributions to marine productivity. C1 [Dierssen, Heidi; McManus, George B.; Chlus, Adam; Qiu, Dajun; Lin, Senjie] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Qiu, Dajun] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Trop Marine Bioresources & Ecol, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dierssen, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM heidi.dierssen@uconn.edu RI Guo, chentao/G-7320-2016; Qiu, Dajun/D-3045-2017 OI Qiu, Dajun/0000-0003-2315-3432 FU NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry [NNX15AC32G]; Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection; Natural Science Foundation of China [41129001]; University of Connecticut FX We thank Kay Howard-Strobel (University of Connecticut) for collecting photographs and samples of the bloom, and the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) Science Team and NASA Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center for providing satellite imagery. H.D. and A.C. conducted the image analysis, B.-C.G. provided atmospheric correction of the HICO image, G.B.M. provided monitoring information on M. rubrum in Long Island Sound, and D.Q. and S.L. conducted cell count and genetic analyses for the bloom sample. This work was supported by NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Award NNX15AC32G (to H.D.), the Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (G.B.M. and S.L.), the Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 41129001 (to S.L.), and the University of Connecticut. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 48 BP 14783 EP 14787 DI 10.1073/pnas.1512538112 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX8XR UT WOS:000365988900033 PM 26627232 ER PT J AU Kim, H Charipar, N Breckenfeld, E Rosenberg, A Pique, A AF Kim, H. Charipar, N. Breckenfeld, E. Rosenberg, A. Pique, A. TI Active terahertz metamaterials based on the phase transition of VO2 thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Vanadium dioxide; Phase changing materials; Double split-ring resonators; Hybrid metamaterials; Terahertz beam modulation ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; INSULATOR-TRANSITION AB Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films were prepared on single crystal sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. VO2 films exhibited a significant resistivity drop (>10(4) Omega-cm) and large optical transmittance change (>60%) in the near-infrared region across their semiconductor-to-metal transition. Hybrid metamaterial devices designed for the THz frequency regime were fabricated by combining double split-ring resonators (SRRs) with phase changing VO2 films. By changing the conductivity of VO2 via temperature, the behavior of the SRR gap was adjusted from capacitive to resistive in order to modulate the THz beam transmission at their resonance frequencies. A modulation efficiency greater than 50% was achieved at the magnetic resonance frequencies (0.3 THz and 0.7 THz) in these hybrid SRR-VO2 metamaterial devices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, H.; Charipar, N.; Pique, A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Breckenfeld, E.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rosenberg, A.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heungsoo.ldm@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program [N0001415WX00004] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program (Grant No. N0001415WX00004). NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 596 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.07.062 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY1YQ UT WOS:000366204900009 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, JE Carroll, MH AF Rosenstein, Judith E. Carroll, Marjorie H. TI Male Rape Myths, Female Rape Myths, and Intent to Intervene as a Bystander SO VIOLENCE AND GENDER LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL VIOLENCE; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; GENDER; PREVENTION; ACCEPTANCE; BEHAVIOR; SEXISM; VICTIM; MODEL; HELP AB The bystander approach to sexual assault prevention has become popular on college campuses and within the military. Previous research has identified a negative association between the acceptance of rape myths and the likelihood of individuals intervening in a sexual assault situation. However, to date, all examinations of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and bystander intervention have focused on female rape myths (i.e., myths about rape involving a female victim). The current study explored whether male RMA (i.e., acceptance of myths about rape involving a male victim) influences bystander intervention in similar or differing ways compared with female RMA. In addition, the study explored whether male and female RMA function differently by subtypes of bystander intervention (i.e., known victim vs. stranger victim) and bystander gender. Participants included 970 students (731 men, 239 women) entering the United States Naval Academy. Participants completed the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance ScaleShort Form, a 30-item male RMA scale, and the Intent to Help Friends and Intent to Help Strangers scales. The findings indicated that higher acceptance of both female and male rape myths was associated with a lowered intent to help someone known to the bystander. In contrast, after controlling for both types of RMA, only male RMA had a negative relationship with intent to help a stranger. These findings highlight the need to incorporate a discussion of male victimization and associated myths into bystander intervention programs. C1 [Rosenstein, Judith E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Carroll, Marjorie H.] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rosenstein, JE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, 112 Cooper Rd,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM rosenste@usna.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 33 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2326-7836 EI 2326-7852 J9 VIOLENCE GEND JI Violence Gend. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 4 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1089/vio.2015.0027 PG 5 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA CY3LE UT WOS:000366310200004 ER PT J AU Engler, JA Smith, ML AF Engler, John A. Smith, Michael L. TI Use of intraoperative fluoroscopy for the safe placement of C2 laminar screws: technical note SO EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE C1-2 fixation; C2 laminar screw; Fluoroscopy ID TRANSLAMINAR SCREW; CERVICAL-SPINE; FIXATION; PEDICLE; FEASIBILITY; ACCURACY AB Rigid fixation of the atlantoaxial joint can be quite challenging due to complex anatomic variants. Numerous techniques have evolved over time, improving the surgeon's adaptability. The recent advent of C2 laminar screws adds to the surgeon's armamentarium, but is not without its own set of limitations. Risk of ventral laminar breach with possible spinal cord injury, CSF leak, or poor bony fixation have led some to recommend prefabricated models or expensive intraoperative spinal navigation to aid screw placement. The purpose of this report is to detail how the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy can be used to aid in the safe placement of C2 laminar screws. One patient with rheumatoid arthritis and progressive cervical myelopathy from C1-2 instability underwent C1-2 fixation using C2 laminar screws. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to guide and confirm safe laminar screw placement. Immediate and 6-month postoperative imaging demonstrated excellent placement of C2 laminar screws without ventral breach. At 6 months, the patient noted significant improvement of her preoperative symptoms. Use of intraoperative fluoroscopy is an easy and safe method for the placement of C2 laminar screws. Given its use of readily available equipment, this method can be implemented without significant pre-planning, or as an impromptu salvage maneuver. C1 [Engler, John A.; Smith, Michael L.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Engler, John A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Neurosurg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Engler, JA (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM john.engler@alumni.med.nyu.edu OI Smith, Michael/0000-0003-3757-2726 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6719 EI 1432-0932 J9 EUR SPINE J JI Eur. Spine J. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2771 EP 2775 DI 10.1007/s00586-015-4165-x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA CX7IQ UT WOS:000365875800009 PM 26242731 ER PT J AU Schumm, JA Dickstein, BD Walter, KH Owens, GP Chard, KM AF Schumm, Jeremiah A. Dickstein, Benjamin D. Walter, Kristen H. Owens, Gina P. Chard, Kathleen M. TI Changes in Posttraumatic Cognitions Predict Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Cognitive Processing Therapy SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE posttraumatic stress disorder; depression; therapy; cognitive processing therapy; cognitions ID ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; VETERANS; VICTIMS AB Objective: Although cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has strong empirical support as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), studies have not directly examined the proposed change mechanisms that underlie CPT-that change in trauma-related cognitions produces change in PTSD and depression symptoms. To improve the understanding of underlying mechanisms of psychotherapeutic change, this study investigated longitudinal association between trauma-related cognitions, PTSD, and depression among veterans receiving CPT during a 7-week residential PTSD treatment program. Method: All 195 veterans met DSM-IV-TR diagnosis for PTSD. The sample was 53% male with a mean age of 48 years. Self-reported race was 50% White and 45% African American. The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory was used to assess trauma-related cognitions. The PTSD Checklist and Beck Depression Inventory-II were used to assess PTSD and depression, respectively. Cross-lagged panel models were used to test the longitudinal associations between trauma-related cognitions, PTSD, and depression. Measures were administered at three time points: pre-, mid-, and posttreatment. Results: Change in posttraumatic cognitions (self-blame; negative beliefs about the self) preceded change in PTSD. In addition, (a) change in negative beliefs about the self preceded change in depression, (b) change in depression preceded change in self-blame cognitions, and (c) change in depression preceded change in PTSD. Conclusion: Findings support the hypothesized underlying mechanisms of CPT in showing that change in trauma-related cognitions precedes change in PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that reduction of depression may be important in influencing reduction of PTSD among veterans in residential PTSD treatment. C1 [Schumm, Jeremiah A.; Dickstein, Benjamin D.] Cincinnati VA Med Ctr, Trauma Recovery Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Schumm, Jeremiah A.; Chard, Kathleen M.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Walter, Kristen H.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth & Behav Sci, San Diego, CA USA. [Owens, Gina P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Psychol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chard, Kathleen M.] Cincinnati VA Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Schumm, JA (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, 1000 South Ft Thomas, Ft Thomas, KY 41075 USA. EM jeremiah.schumm@va.gov FU Department of Veterans Affairs [CDA-2-019-09S] FX Preparation of this article was supported in part by a grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs (CDA-2-019-09S to Jeremiah A. Schumm). Content of this article does not necessarily reflect that of the U.S. government or Department of Veterans Affairs. We thank Lindsey Linz for assistance in data entry. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X EI 1939-2117 J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1166 DI 10.1037/ccp0000040 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA CX3PA UT WOS:000365610100015 PM 26214540 ER PT J AU Li, YW Martin, JE Michael, T Carrica, PM AF Li, Yuwei Martin, J. Ezequiel Michael, Thad Carrica, Pablo M. TI A Study of Propeller Operation Near a Free Surface SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE propulsor hydrodynamics; free surface; oblique flow; computational fluid dynamics ID PHASE LEVEL SET; SIMULATION; FLOWS; TURBULENCE; GRIDS AB This paper presents a study of the effects of the interaction of the free surface with a marine propeller operating close to it, including the effects of depth and cross flow. Extensive simulations using the naval hydrodynamics computational fluid dynamics solver REX were conducted to study the open water characteristics, transient blade loads, and flow behavior of propeller 4661, with comparison to fully submerged experimental data at 0 degrees and 30 degrees shaft inclination with respect to the incoming flow. Deeply submerged computations and experiments show that the cross flow results in an increase in thrust and torque and lower efficiency relative to uniform inflow. Near the surface, computations show that effects on thrust and torque increase more dramatically as the propeller load increases. Furthermore, the presence of the free surface breaks the symmetry resulting in highest blade force losses when the blade is near top dead center. As the propeller approaches the surface, the amplitude of the higher harmonics of blade force increases. A demonstration calculation for a self-propelled submarine sailing deep and near the surface shows that operating closer to the surface results in higher propeller loads and lower efficiency. C1 [Li, Yuwei; Martin, J. Ezequiel; Carrica, Pablo M.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Michael, Thad] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP Li, YW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0302] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-14-1-0302, with Dr. Ki-Han Kim as the program manager. The computations were performed on DoD HPC resources and at The University of Iowa Neon HPC cluster. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 EI 1542-0604 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 59 IS 4 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.5957/JOSR.59.4.150042 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CX6RI UT WOS:000365828700002 ER PT J AU Balaras, E Schroeder, S Posa, A AF Balaras, Elias Schroeder, Seth Posa, Antonio TI Large-Eddy Simulations of Submarine Propellers SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE immersed boundary method; large-eddy simulation; marine propellers; tip vortices ID MARINE PROPELLER; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; WAKE; PRESSURE; COMPUTATIONS; BOUNDARIES; EVOLUTION; SOLVER AB High-fidelity, eddy-resolving, simulations of marine propellers are challenging due to the coexistence of moving and stationary elements within the computational box, as well as the need to accurately resolve the dynamics of wake structures such as the tip and hub vortices, which have an effect on the acoustic signature of underwater vehicles. Although an isolated propeller in open-water conditions can be simulated in a rotating reference frame, in a computation involving the body of an appended submarine, e.g., the relative motion needs to be properly treated. This increases the computational cost and reduces the accuracy/robustness of typical body-fitted approaches. In this work, an immersed boundary formulation is utilized to perform large-eddy simulations of a propeller in open-water conditions and in the presence of an upstream appendage at zero incidence. In such case, the requirement for the grid to conform to the moving body is relaxed solution is locally reconstructed to satisfy boundary conditions and efficient, conservative structured solvers can be used. This enables us to capture the detailed dynamics of the tip vortices and their footprint on the statistics of the wake. The influence of the upstream appendage is also assessed. C1 [Balaras, Elias; Schroeder, Seth; Posa, Antonio] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Schroeder, Seth] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Balaras, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 800 22nd St,Northwest, Washington, DC 20052 USA. FU ONR Grant [N000141110455] FX This work is supported by ONR Grant N000141110455, monitored by Dr. Ki-Han Kim. Computational time for this work is provided through an allocation from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 18 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 EI 1542-0604 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 59 IS 4 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.5957/JOSR.59.4.150047 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CX6RI UT WOS:000365828700005 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Frasco, MA Armenta, RF Phillips, CJ Horton, J Ryan, MAK Russell, DW LeardMann, C AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Frasco, Melissa A. Armenta, Richard F. Phillips, Christopher J. Horton, Jaime Ryan, Margaret A. K. Russell, Dale W. LeardMann, Cynthia TI Prescription Stimulants and PTSD Among U. S. Military Service Members SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; PREVALENCE; AFGHANISTAN; VALIDATION; VETERANS; FATIGUE; ADULTS; MISUSE; DUTY AB Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition among military service members and civilians who have experienced traumatic events. Stimulant use has been postulated to increase the risk of incident PTSD; however, research in this area is lacking. In this study, the association between receipt of prescription stimulants and PTSD was examined in a secondary analysis among active duty U.S. military members (n = 25,971), participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, who completed a baseline (2001-2003) and two follow-up surveys (between 2004-2008). Prescription stimulant data were obtained from the military Pharmacy Data Transaction Service. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version and incident PTSD was defined as meeting the criteria at follow-up among those who did not have a history of PTSD at baseline. Overall, 1,215 (4.7%) persons developed new-onset PTSD during follow-up. Receipt of prescription stimulants were significantly associated with incident PTSD, hazard ratio = 5.09, 95% confidence interval [3.05, 8.50], after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, military characteristics, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, baseline mental and physical health status, deployment experiences, and physical/sexual trauma. Findings suggested that prescription stimulants are associated with incident PTSD among military personnel; these data may inform the underlying pathogenesis of and preventive strategies for PTSD. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Frasco, Melissa A.; Armenta, Richard F.; Phillips, Christopher J.; Horton, Jaime; LeardMann, Cynthia] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Armenta, Richard F.; Phillips, Christopher J.; LeardMann, Cynthia] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Russell, Dale W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Study Traumat Stress, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Dept Occupat Med, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Phillips, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM christopher.j.phillips12.civ@mail.mil FU Department of Defense [60002]; Military Operational Medicine Research Program FX This work represents Report 13-47, supported by the Department of Defense, under Work Unit No. 60002. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (Protocol NHRC.2000.0007), and was funded by the Military Operational Medicine Research Program. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-9867 EI 1573-6598 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1002/jts.22052 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA CX6GL UT WOS:000365799100013 PM 26536373 ER PT J AU Sasovetz, S Snyder, PD Yoder, JA Feigin, DS AF Sasovetz, Scott Snyder, Peter D. Yoder, Jason A. Feigin, David S. TI 26-Year-Old Man With Shortness of Breath After Open Ocean Swim SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDUCED PULMONARY-EDEMA C1 [Sasovetz, Scott] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Sasovetz, Scott; Snyder, Peter D.; Yoder, Jason A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Feigin, David S.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Feigin, David S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Sasovetz, S (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 180 IS 12 BP 1207 EP 1208 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00127 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CX6ML UT WOS:000365815000010 PM 26633661 ER PT J AU Mysliwiec, V Gill, J Matsangas, P Baxter, T Barr, T Roth, BJ AF Mysliwiec, Vincent Gill, Jessica Matsangas, Panagiotis Baxter, Tristin Barr, Taura Roth, Bernard J. TI IGF-1: a potential biomarker for efficacy of sleep improvement with automatic airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea? SO SLEEP AND BREATHING LA English DT Article DE Obstructive sleep apnea; Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1); Positive airway pressure (PAP); Adherence ID GROWTH-FACTOR 1; DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; BINDING PROTEIN-3; CPAP; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; SERUM; MEN; RESISTANCE AB Background Positive airway pressure (PAP) reverses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related hypoxia and restores slow wave sleep (SWS). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neuropeptide that facilitates the repair of neurons from hypoxia and improves sleep regulation. IGF-1 concentrations are lower in OSA, and likely increase following PAP treatment; however, this relationship has not yet been determined in a younger cohort of OSA patients. Methods This was a prospective, observational pilot study of 58 young men, who were diagnosed with OSA and provided PAP as an intervention. Adherence to PAP treatment over 3 months was objectively measured, as well as changes in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Serum concentrations of IGF-1and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and correlated with PAP adherence. Results IGF-1 concentrations at baseline were similar between PAP adherent 55.5 +/- 34.4 ng/ml and PAP nonadherent participants 61.2 +/- 27.1 ng/ml (p = 0.4), with the overall mean IGF-1 concentration of 59.0 +/- 29.9 ng/ml. At follow-up, adherent participants had concentrations of IGF-1 that were significantly higher 128 +/- 59.5 ng/ml compared to nonadherent participants 86.0 +/- 47.4 ng/ml (p < 0.01). Increases in IGF-1 concentrations were significantly associated with reductions in AHI (Spearman's rho = -0.409, p = 0.015). Conversely, CRP concentrations did not differ between baseline and follow-up measurements in either group. Conclusions Adherence to PAP treatment leads to significant increases in IGF-1 concentrations in young men with OSA. While an objective measure of adherence exists, PAP usage does not allow for measure of sleep improvement. IGF-1 may serve as a potential biomarker for the efficacy of PAP therapy on improved sleep. C1 [Mysliwiec, Vincent] 121st Gen Hosp, Med Specialties Clin, Unit 15281, APO AP, Seoul 962055281, South Korea. [Gill, Jessica] NINR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Matsangas, Panagiotis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Baxter, Tristin; Roth, Bernard J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, Crit Care, Sleep Med, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Barr, Taura] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Roth, BJ (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm, Crit Care, Sleep Med, 9040A Fitzsimmons Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM bernard.j.roth.civ@mail.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1520-9512 EI 1522-1709 J9 SLEEP BREATH JI Sleep Breath. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s11325-015-1142-x PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Respiratory System SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Respiratory System GA CX5LZ UT WOS:000365744500015 PM 25724553 ER PT J AU Grebowsky, J Fast, K Talaat, E Combi, M Crary, F England, S Ma, Y Mendillo, M Rosenblatt, P Seki, K Stevens, M Withers, P AF Grebowsky, J. Fast, K. Talaat, E. Combi, M. Crary, F. England, S. Ma, Y. Mendillo, M. Rosenblatt, P. Seki, K. Stevens, M. Withers, P. TI Science Enhancements by the MAVEN Participating Scientists SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Aeronomy; Thermosphere; Ionosphere magnetosphere MAVEN mission ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; CO2 ICE CLOUDS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MARTIAN IONOSPHERE; HYBRID SIMULATION; RADAR SOUNDINGS; MARS EXPRESS; PICKUP IONS AB NASA implemented a Participating Scientist Program and released a solicitation for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) proposals on February 14, 2013. After a NASA peer review panel evaluated the proposals, NASA Headquarters selected nine on June 12, 2013. The program's intent is to enhance the science return from the mission by including new investigations that broaden and/or complement the baseline investigations, while still addressing key science goals. The selections cover a broad range of science investigations. Included are: a patching of a 3D exosphere model to an improved global ionosphere-thermosphere model to study the generation of the exosphere and calculate the escape rates; the addition of a focused study of upper atmosphere variability and waves; improvement of a multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamic model that will be adjusted according to MAVEN observations to enhance the understanding of the solar-wind plasma interaction; a global study of the state of the ionosphere; folding MAVEN measurements into the Mars International Reference Ionosphere under development; quantification of atmospheric loss by pick-up using ion cyclotron wave observations; the reconciliation of remote and in situ observations of the upper atmosphere; the application of precise orbit determination of the spacecraft to measure upper atmospheric density and in conjunction with other Mars missions improve the static gravity field model of Mars; and an integrated ion/neutral study of ionospheric flows and resultant heavy ion escape. Descriptions of each of these investigations are given showing how each adds to and fits seamlessly into MAVEN mission science design. C1 [Grebowsky, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fast, K.; Talaat, E.] NASA, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Combi, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Crary, F.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [England, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mendillo, M.; Withers, P.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rosenblatt, P.] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [Seki, K.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Stevens, M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grebowsky, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM joseph.m.grebowsky@nasa.gov RI Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Ma, Yingjuan/B-4895-2017 OI Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Ma, Yingjuan/0000-0003-2584-7091 FU NASA's MAVEN Participating Scientist Program FX Support from NASA's MAVEN Participating Scientist Program is acknowledged for all the studies. NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 319 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0080-4 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CX5GI UT WOS:000365729700012 ER PT J AU Bishop, B Gargano, R Sears, A Karpenko, M AF Bishop, B. Gargano, R. Sears, A. Karpenko, M. TI Rapid maneuvering of multi-body dynamic systems with optimal motion compensation SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Space antenna; Multi-body systems; Minimum time maneuvering; Pseudospectral optimal control ID FLIGHT AB Rapid maneuvering of multi-body dynamical systems is an important, yet challenging, problem in many applications. Even in the case of rigid bodies, it can be difficult to maintain precise control over nominally stationary links if it is required to move some of the other links quickly because of the various nonlinearities and coupled interactions that occur between the bodies. Typical control concepts treat the multi-body motion control problem in two-stages. First, the nonlinear and coupling terms are treated as disturbances and a trajectory tracking control law is designed in order to attenuate their effects. Next, motion profiles are designed, based on kinematics parameterizations, and these are used as inputs to the closed loop system to move the links. This paper describes an approach for rapid maneuvering of multi-body systems that uses optimal control theory to account for dynamic nonlinearities and coupling as part of the motion trajectory design. Incorporating appropriate operational constraints automatically compensates for these multi-body effects so that motion time can be reduced while simultaneously achieving other objectives such as reducing the excitation of selected links. Since the compensatory effect is embedded within the optimal motion trajectories, the performance improvement can be obtained even when using simple closed-loop architectures for maneuver implementation. Simulation results for minimum time control of a two-axis gimbal system and for rapid maneuvering of a TDRS single-access antenna, wherein it is desired to limit the excitation of the satellite body to which the antenna is attached, are presented to illustrate the concepts. (C) 2015 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bishop, B.; Gargano, R.; Sears, A.; Karpenko, M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karpenko, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkarpenk@nps.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 117 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.07.035 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CW2BZ UT WOS:000364797400019 ER PT J AU Kerr, M Ray, PS Johnston, S Shannon, RM Camilo, F AF Kerr, M. Ray, P. S. Johnston, S. Shannon, R. M. Camilo, F. TI TIMING GAMMA-RAY PULSARS WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: TIMING NOISE AND ASTROMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general ID MIDDLE-AGED PULSAR; X-RAY; PROPER MOTION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO PULSARS; NEUTRON-STARS; WIND NEBULAE; YOUNG PULSAR; CRAB PULSAR AB We have constructed timing solutions for 81 gamma-ray pulsars covering more than five years of Fermi data. The sample includes 37 radio-quiet or radio-faint pulsars which cannot be timed with other telescopes. These timing solutions and the corresponding pulse times of arrival are prerequisites for further study, e.g., phase-resolved spectroscopy or searches for mode switches. Many gamma-ray pulsars are strongly affected by timing noise (TN), and we present a new method for characterizing the noise process and mitigating its effects on other facets of the timing model. We present an analysis of TN over the population using a new metric for characterizing its strength and spectral shape, namely, its time-domain correlation. The dependence of the strength on nu and (nu)over dot is in good agreement with previous studies. We find that noise process power spectra S(f) for unrecycled pulsars are steep, with strong correlations over our entire data set and spectral indices S(f) proportional to f(-alpha) of alpha similar to 5-9. One possible explanation for these results is the occurrence of unmodeled, episodic "microglitches." Finally, we show that our treatment of TN results in robust parameter estimation, and in particular we measure a precise timing position for each pulsar. We extensively validate our results with multi-wavelength astrometry, and using our updated position, we firmly identify the X-ray counterpart of PSR J1418-6058. C1 [Kerr, M.; Johnston, S.; Shannon, R. M.; Camilo, F.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kerr, M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, P. S.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kerr, M (reprint author), Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM matthew.kerr@gmail.com OI Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348; Kerr, Matthew/0000-0002-0893-4073; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Commonwealth Government; National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique in France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana in Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden; Swedish Research Council in Sweden; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 814 IS 2 AR 128 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/128 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW9KJ UT WOS:000365317300046 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Dew, N AF Denning, Peter J. Dew, Nicholas TI The Profession of IT Why Our Theories of Innovation Fail Us SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. [Dew, Nicholas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Strateg Management, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; ndew@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD DEC PY 2015 VL 58 IS 12 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1145/2835854 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CW8GP UT WOS:000365237800014 ER PT J AU Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Chernin, D Chernyavskiy, IA Levush, B AF Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Chernin, David Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Levush, Baruch TI Simulation of Drive-Induced Oscillation in Coupled-Cavity TWTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Coupled-cavity traveling wave tube (CC-TWT); drive-induced oscillation (DIO); frequency-domain simulation; TESLA-CC; TWT stability AB Drive-induced oscillation (DIO) is an instability that limits the achievable output power in wideband coupled-cavity traveling wave tubes (CC-TWTs). It occurs under large-signal conditions, when the electron beam is slowed as a result of its interaction with the circuit at the drive frequency. DIO occurs at a frequency very near the 2 pi point (band edge) of the lower branch of the cold circuit dispersion diagram. It is commonly accompanied by a sudden increase in the body current and a flattening of the power transfer curve at the drive frequency. The accurate prediction of the conditions for onset of DIO would be useful to the designers of CC-TWTs. In this paper, we present an approach to the prediction of DIO thresholds using the multifrequency large-signal simulation code TESLA-CC. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Levush, Baruch] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.; Chernin, David] Leidos Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexander.vlasov@nrl.navy.mil; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; david.p.chernin@leidos.com; igor.chernyavskiy@nrl.navy.mil; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank J. R. Legarra, retired from Communications and Power Industries Inc., for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2015 VL 62 IS 12 BP 4265 EP 4271 DI 10.1109/TED.2015.2493878 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CW8CB UT WOS:000365225700051 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Christodoulides, JA Byers, JM Anderson, GP Liu, JL Turner, KB Goldman, ER Delehanty, JB AF Raphael, Marc P. Christodoulides, Joseph A. Byers, Jeff M. Anderson, George P. Liu, Jinny L. Turner, Kendrick B. Goldman, Ellen R. Delehanty, James B. TI Optimizing Nanoplasmonic Biosensor Sensitivity with Orientated Single Domain Antibodies SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE LSPR; SPR; Single domain antibodies; Orientation; Ricin; Bio-threat ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; LABEL-FREE; IMMOBILIZATION STRATEGIES; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN; FRAGMENTS; NANOPARTICLES; RESOLUTION AB Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and imaging are emerging biosensor technologies which tout label-free biomolecule detection at the nanoscale and ease of integration with standard microscopy setups. The applicability of these techniques can be limited by the restrictions that surface-conjugated ligands must be both sufficiently small and orientated to meet analyte sensitivity requirements. We demonstrate that orientated single domain antibodies (sdAb) can optimize nanoplasmonic sensitivity by comparing three anti-ricin sdAb constructs to biotin-neutravidin, a model system for small and highly orientated ligand studies. LSPR imaging of electrostatically orientated sdAb exhibited a ricin sensitivity equivalent to that of the biotinylated LSPR biosensors for neutravidin. These results, combined with the facts that sdAb are highly stable and readily produced in bacteria and yeast, build a compelling case for the increased utilization of sdAbs in nanoplasmonic applications. C1 [Raphael, Marc P.; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Byers, Jeff M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Bioelect & Sensing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, George P.; Liu, Jinny L.; Turner, Kendrick B.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Delehanty, James B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Bioelect & Sensing, Code 6363,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.raphael@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience and 6.1 base funds FX We are grateful for generous funding from the Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience and 6.1 base funds. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 EI 1557-1963 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD DEC PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1007/s11468-015-9969-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CW4MT UT WOS:000364966300051 ER PT J AU Wang, F Zhang, ZY Ericsen, T Raju, R Burgos, R Boroyevich, D AF Wang, Fei Zhang, Zheyu Ericsen, Terry Raju, Ravisekhar Burgos, Rolando Boroyevich, Dushan TI Advances in Power Conversion and Drives for Shipboard Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Power electronics building block (PEBB); shipboard power systems; wide bandgap (WBG)-based converters; wide bandgap semiconductors ID ZERO-CURRENT; CIRCUIT; VOLTAGE; DEVICES; DESIGN; TECHNOLOGY; CAPACITORS; SCHEMES; MOSFETS; MODULE AB This paper presents some of the key advances in power electronics pertaining to shipboard electric power system applications. The focus is on the emerging wide bandgap semiconductor devices, i.e., silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices, and their potential impact on future shipboard power conversion and drives. Their benefits on power converter efficiency and power density are explained through a case study of a medium-voltage (MV) class motor drive system. SiC and GaN also enable new applications, including solid-state transformers, while posing new design and application challenges such as gate drive, protection, and interaction with loads. In addition to device related topics, this paper also overviews other important advances in power electronics, including topology, control, passive components, thermal management, filters, and packaging. The significance of power electronics building blocks (PEBBs) concept for shipboard power system development is discussed. Recognizing the growing complexity of shipboard power systems, some system-level technologies related to future MV direct current (dc) system architecture are highlighted. C1 [Wang, Fei; Zhang, Zheyu] Univ Tennessee, CURENT, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Fei; Zhang, Zheyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ericsen, Terry] US Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Raju, Ravisekhar] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Burgos, Rolando; Boroyevich, Dushan] Virginia Tech, CPES, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, CURENT, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fred.wang@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EEC-1041877]; U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work made use of the Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy (DOE) under the National Science Foundation (NSF) Award EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. This work was also supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR), which was responsible for significant portion of the work reported here. NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 2015 VL 103 IS 12 SI SI BP 2285 EP 2311 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2495331 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CW8BX UT WOS:000365225100008 ER PT J AU Ginn, HL Hingorani, N Sullivan, JR Wachal, R AF Ginn, Herbert L., III Hingorani, Narain Sullivan, Joseph R., III Wachal, Randy TI Control Architecture for High Power Electronics Converters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Control and protection; control architecture; power electronics; power electronics building block (PEBB) AB When the control functions of various types of power electronics systems are examined, a significant degree of common functionality emerges, irrespective of the target application. It is possible to define hierarchical control architectures for these systems using common interface definitions between control system divisions or layers. Such definitions enable the use of common designs for multiple applications and the use of commercially available electronics and communications modules allowing cost reduction in power electronics applications. This paper presents various partitioning strategies of a hierarchical control architecture for use in high power electronics control systems and defines various parameters/functions that need to be handled within each layer, and those that need to be communicated between the layers. Each layer has characteristic processing and communication speed requirements, irrespective of the final applications. C1 [Ginn, Herbert L., III] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Hingorani, Narain] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph R., III] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. [Wachal, Randy] Manitoba HVDC Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3P 1A3, Canada. RP Ginn, HL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ginnhl@cec.sc.edu; nghingorani@sbcglobal.net; Joseph.R.Sullivan@Navy.mil; rww@hvdc.ca NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 2015 VL 103 IS 12 SI SI BP 2312 EP 2319 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2484344 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CW8BX UT WOS:000365225100009 ER PT J AU Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Faix, DJ AF Gaydos, Joel C. McKee, Kelly T., Jr. Faix, Dennis J. TI Sexually transmitted infections in the military: new challenges for an old problem SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA; PERSONNEL; DISEASES C1 [Gaydos, Joel C.] US Army Publ Hlth Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [McKee, Kelly T., Jr.] Quintiles Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Faix, Dennis J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), US Army Publ Hlth Ctr, Bldg E-5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joel.c.gaydos.civ@mail.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 EI 1472-3263 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 IS 8 BP 536 EP 537 DI 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052256 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW9UX UT WOS:000365344800002 PM 26586846 ER PT J AU Harbertson, J Scott, PT Moore, J Wolf, M Morris, J Thrasher, S D'Onofrio, M Grillo, MP Jacobs, MB Tran, BR Tian, J Ito, SI McAnany, J Michael, N Hale, BR AF Harbertson, Judith Scott, Paul T. Moore, John Wolf, Michael Morris, James Thrasher, Scott D'Onofrio, Michael Grillo, Michael P. Jacobs, Marni B. Tran, Bonnie R. Tian, Jun Ito, Stanley I. McAnany, Jennifer Michael, Nelson Hale, Braden R. TI Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour of deploying shipboard US military personnel: a cross-sectional analysis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; DISEASES; RISK; TRANSMISSION; GONORRHEA; HIV; MEN; DETERMINANTS; PARTNERSHIPS AB Objectives Sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and risk behaviour may differ at different phases of deployment. We examined STI prevalence and sexual behaviour in the predeployment time period (12 months prior) among recently deployed shipboard US Navy and Marine Corps military personnel. Methods Data were collected from 1938 male and 515 female service members through an anonymous, self-completed survey assessing sexual behaviours and STI acquisition characteristics in the past 12 months. Cross-sectional sex-stratified descriptive statistics are reported. Results Overall, 67% (n=1262/1896) reported last sex with a military beneficiary (spouse, n=931, non-spouse service member, n=331). Among those with a sexual partner outside their primary partnership, 24% (n=90/373) reported using a condom the last time they had sex and 30% (n=72/243) reported their outside partner was a service member. In total, 90% (n=210/233) reported acquiring their most recent STI in the USA (88%, n=126/143 among those reporting >= 1 deployments and an STI >= 1 year ago) and a significantly higher proportion (p<0.01) of women than men acquired the STI from their regular partner (54% vs 21%) and/or a service member (50% vs 26%). Conclusions Findings suggest a complex sexual network among service members and military beneficiaries. Findings may extend to other mobile civilian and military populations. Data suggest most STI transmission within the shipboard community may occur in local versus foreign ports but analyses from later time points in deployment are needed. These data may inform more effective STI prevention interventions. C1 [Harbertson, Judith; Scott, Paul T.; D'Onofrio, Michael; Tian, Jun; Michael, Nelson] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Harbertson, Judith; Tian, Jun] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Harbertson, Judith; Grillo, Michael P.; Jacobs, Marni B.; Tran, Bonnie R.; Ito, Stanley I.; McAnany, Jennifer; Hale, Braden R.] US Dept Def, HIV AIDS Prevent Program DHAPP, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Moore, John; Wolf, Michael; Morris, James; Thrasher, Scott] US Navy, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hale, Braden R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Harbertson, J (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, US Mil HIV Res Program, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM judith.harbertson.ctr@mail.mil NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 EI 1472-3263 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 91 IS 8 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052163 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA CW9UX UT WOS:000365344800012 PM 26586849 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI Mishandling Sexual Assault, and Other Military Problems SO SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Sexual assault; UCMJ; Character; Leadership; Victim advocates; Command AB The US military today is full of problems, ranging from its corrosive and destructive campaign ostensibly targeting sexual assault but actually designed to satisfy politicians, to the rampant malfeasance of numerous commanders removed from their posts. These problems are the result of the military's too-great reliance on self-serving notions like "character" and on the personal nature of command in the military, as well as the fact that the military acts even within its ranks by top-down force, not discussion and rationality. C1 [Fleming, Bruce] US Naval Acad, Dept English 12B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept English 12B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fleming@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-2011 EI 1936-4725 J9 SOCIETY JI Society PD DEC PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s12115-015-9962-7 PG 8 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA CW9CR UT WOS:000365296600002 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang TI "Go to Your Gawd Like a Soldier" Transnational Reflections on Veteranhood SO JOURNAL OF THE CIVIL WAR ERA LA English DT Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang] US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 2154-4727 EI 2159-9807 J9 J CIV WAR ERA JI J. Civ. War Era PD DEC PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 551 EP 577 PG 27 WC History SC History GA CV9XN UT WOS:000364642000006 ER PT J AU Malamis, SA Harrington, RJ Katz, MB Koerschner, DS Zhang, SY Cheng, YS Xu, LF Jen, HW McCabe, RW Graham, GW Pan, XQ AF Malamis, Sotirios A. Harrington, Rachael J. Katz, Michael B. Koerschner, David S. Zhang, Shuyi Cheng, Yisun Xu, Lifeng Jen, Hung-Wen McCabe, Robert W. Graham, George W. Pan, Xiaoqing TI Comparison of precious metal doped and impregnated perovskite oxides for TWC application SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE Palladium (Pd); Rhodium (Rh); Lanthanum ferrate (LaFeO3); Calcium titanate (CaTiO3); Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); CO oxidation ID AUTOMOTIVE-EMISSIONS CONTROL; SELF-REGENERATION; CATALYSTS; PD; PALLADIUM; EXHAUST AB Four high-surface-area (50-60 m(2)/g) perovskite-based powder catalysts, Pd-doped LaFeO3, Pdimpregnated LaFeO3, Rh-doped CaTiO3, and Rh-impregnated CaTiO3, were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy and CO oxidation measurements in fresh and redox-aged (14h at 800 degrees C) states. Both intrinsic catalytic activity and stability were significantly higher in Pd-doped LaFeO3 than in Rh-doped CaTiO3 under lean to stoichiometric reaction conditions. Activities of doped were initially lower than impregnated versions, though aging led to convergence in the catalytic performance for both systems. A mixture of metallic and cationic forms of Pd appear to contribute to activity in the Pd catalysts, whereas metallic Rh particles, which can easily segregate onto the surface of CaTiO3 in Rh-doped CaTiO3 upon aging, are the likely source of catalytic activity in the Rh catalysts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malamis, Sotirios A.; Harrington, Rachael J.; Katz, Michael B.; Koerschner, David S.; Zhang, Shuyi; Graham, George W.; Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Malamis, Sotirios A.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Harrington, Rachael J.; Cheng, Yisun; Xu, Lifeng; Jen, Hung-Wen; McCabe, Robert W.] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Katz, Michael B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCabe, RW (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. EM rmccabe@ford.com; gwgraham@umich.edu; panx@umich.edu FU Ford Motor Company, through a Ford - University of Michigan Innovation Alliance grant; National Science Foundation [CBET-1159240, DMR-0907191, DMR-0723032]; STEM in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory at University of Michigan FX Perovskite powders were kindly provided by M. Oljaca, of Cabot Corporation, and financial support was provided by both Ford Motor Company, through a Ford - University of Michigan Innovation Alliance grant, and National Science Foundation, through grants CBET-1159240, DMR-0907191, and DMR-0723032 (which funded the STEM in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory at University of Michigan). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 EI 1873-4308 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 258 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.11.028 PN 2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CV7FV UT WOS:000364438700036 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, Judith L. TI Everyday Solar Storms ... and Their Everyday Impacts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Lean, Judith L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Sun Earth Syst Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Sun Earth Syst Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 104 SOUTH FIFTH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3387 USA SN 0003-049X EI 2326-9243 J9 P AM PHILOS SOC JI Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 159 IS 4 BP 434 EP 452 PG 19 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA V46LZ UT WOS:000209887000006 ER PT J AU Zaron, ED Fitzpatrick, PJ Cross, SL Harding, JM Bub, FL Wiggert, JD Ko, DS Lau, Y Woodard, K Mooers, CNK AF Zaron, Edward D. Fitzpatrick, Patrick J. Cross, Scott L. Harding, John M. Bub, Frank L. Wiggert, Jerry D. Ko, Dong S. Lau, Yee Woodard, Katharine Mooers, Christopher N. K. TI Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater Horizon; ocean forecasting; skill assessment ID OF-MEXICO; OIL-SPILL; VECTOR CORRELATION; MODEL; CURRENTS; COASTAL; WIND; CIRCULATION; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT AB In response to the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill event in 2010, the Naval Oceanographic Office deployed a nowcast-forecast system covering the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Caribbean Sea that was designated Americas Seas, or AMSEAS, which is documented in this manuscript. The DwH disaster provided a challenge to the application of available ocean-forecast capabilities, and also generated a historically large observational dataset. AMSEAS was evaluated by four complementary efforts, each with somewhat different aims and approaches: a university research consortium within an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) testbed; a petroleum industry consortium, the Gulf of Mexico 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project (GOMEX-PPP); a British Petroleum (BP) funded project at the Northern Gulf Institute in response to the oil spill; and the Navy itself. Validation metrics are presented in these different projects for water temperature and salinity profiles, sea surface wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and volume transport, for different forecast time scales. The validation found certain geographic and time biases/errors, and small but systematic improvements relative to earlier regional and global modeling efforts. On the basis of these positive AMSEAS validation studies, an oil spill transport simulation was conducted using archived AMSEAS nowcasts to examine transport into the estuaries east of the Mississippi River. This effort captured the influences of Hurricane Alex and a non-tropical cyclone off the Louisiana coast, both of which pushed oil into the western Mississippi Sound, illustrating the importance of the atmospheric influence on oil spills such as DwH. C1 [Zaron, Edward D.; Mooers, Christopher N. K.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Patrick J.; Lau, Yee; Woodard, Katharine] Mississippi State Univ, MSU Sci & Technol Ctr, Geosyst Res Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cross, Scott L.] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Harding, John M.] Mississippi State Univ, MSU Sci & Technol Ctr, Northern Gulf Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bub, Frank L.] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Wiggert, Jerry D.; Woodard, Katharine] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zaron, ED (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM ezaron@pdx.edu FU NOAA through the U.S. IOOS Program [2010-012]; BP through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Award [10121360]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Award [2008-ST-061-ND 0001]; Department of Energy [08121-2801] FX The authors were supported in this work by NOAA Grant 2010-012 through the U.S. IOOS Program administered by the Southeastern Universities Research Association (Fitzpatrick, Harding, Ko, Wiggert); by BP through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Award #10121360 to the Northern Gulf Institute (Fitzpatrick, Harding); by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Award #2008-ST-061-ND 0001 to Mississippi State University (Fitzpatrick); and by the Department of Energy Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America Project #08121-2801 to Portland State University (Mooers, Zaron). The authors thank Jamie Davis for contributing to AMSEAS analyses and graphics development. Brian Hanson provided the FORTRAN code for the Hanson et al. (1992) algorithm (available at http://hanson.geog.udel.edu/similar to hanson/hanson/Research.html). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NOAA, BP, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Energy, or the U.S. Navy. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 605 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s11707-014-0508-x PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CV4FX UT WOS:000364223500003 ER PT J AU Moses, MS Murphy, RJ Kutzer, MDM Armand, M AF Moses, Matthew S. Murphy, Ryan J. Kutzer, Michael D. M. Armand, Mehran TI Modeling Cable and Guide Channel Interaction in a High-Strength Cable-Driven Continuum Manipulator SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE Cable-driven robots; kinematics; medical robots and systems; snake-like robots; underactuated robots ID SYSTEM; SURGERY; ROBOTS; DESIGN AB This paper presents several mechanical models of a high-strength cable-driven dexterous manipulator designed for surgical procedures. A stiffness model is presented that distinguishes between contributions from the cables and the backbone. A physics-based model incorporating cable friction is developed and its predictions are compared with experimental data. The data show that under high tension and high curvature, the shape of the manipulator deviates significantly from a circular arc. However, simple parametric models can fit the shape with good accuracy. The motivating application for this study is to develop a model so that shape can be predicted using easily measured quantities such as tension, so that real-time navigation may be performed, especially in minimally-invasive surgical procedures, while reducing the need for hazardous imaging methods such as fluoroscopy. C1 [Moses, Matthew S.; Murphy, Ryan J.; Armand, Mehran] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Kutzer, Michael D. M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moses, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM matt.moses@jhu.edu; ryan.murphy@jhuapl.edu; kutzer@usna.edu; mehran.armand@jhuapl.edu FU Independent Research and Development funds by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Independent Research and Development funds provided by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4435 EI 1941-014X J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2876 EP 2889 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2015.2396894 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CV1PQ UT WOS:000364030900023 PM 27818607 ER PT J AU Julier, S Lindeman, R Sandor, C AF Julier, Simon Lindeman, Rob Sandor, Christian TI Guest Editor's Introduction to the Special Section on the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality 2014 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Julier, Simon] UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Julier, Simon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Julier, Simon] UCL, London, England. [Lindeman, Rob] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Worcester, MA USA. [Lindeman, Rob] Human Interact Virtual Environm HIVE Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Lindeman, Rob] IEEE, Washington, DC USA. [Lindeman, Rob] ACM, New York, NY USA. [Sandor, Christian] Nara Inst Sci & Technol NAIST, Interact Media Design Lab, Nara, Japan. [Sandor, Christian] Magic Vis Lab, Tokyo, Japan. RP Julier, S (reprint author), UCL, Dept Comp Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1321 EP 1322 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2483298 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CV1SC UT WOS:000364037400002 ER PT J AU Eger, RJ Fortner, CK Slade, CP AF Eger, Robert J., III Fortner, C. Kevin Slade, Catherine P. TI The Policy of Enforcement: Red Light Cameras and Racial Profiling SO POLICE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE red light cameras; traffic law enforcement; racial profiling ID STOP DATA; SAFETY AB We explore the question of whether some of the often conflicting evidence of racial profiling can be cleared up using red light camera observations to measure racial disparities in traffic violations. Using data from cameras at intersections matched to census data, we find that although citations from the red light cameras are issued to a disproportionate number of minorities based on the racial composition of the surrounding location, the racial composition of the violator is consistent with the racial composition of the block group in which they reside. Our study indicates that red light cameras may have a present and future role in assisting public policy makers on issues of racial profiling thresholds. C1 [Eger, Robert J., III] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Fortner, C. Kevin] Georgia State Univ, Coll Educ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Slade, Catherine P.] Georgia Regents Univ, James M Hull Coll Business, Augusta, GA USA. RP Eger, RJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd,214 Ingersoll Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rjeger@nps.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1098-6111 EI 1552-745X J9 POLICE Q JI Police Q. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 18 IS 4 BP 397 EP 413 DI 10.1177/1098611115586174 PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA CU4TT UT WOS:000363523800003 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Matta, C Massa, L AF Huang, Lulu Matta, Cherif Massa, Lou TI The kernel energy method (KEM) delivers fast and accurate QTAIM electrostatic charge for atoms in large molecules SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soft scaling quantum chemical methods; Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM); N,N '-dinitrourea; High-explosive energy-rich compounds; (Pyridine-2-azo-p-phenyl)tetramethylguanidine (PAPT); Acetyl-C-alpha,C-alpha-dipropylglycine heptapeptide (Ac-Dpg-7) ID DENSITY; TETRADECAPEPTIDE; LOCALIZATION; CONFORMATION; PEPTIDES; RESIDUES AB The kernel energy method (KEM) is a soft scaling fragment quantum chemical calculation method that proved very useful for the estimation of ab initio energies of very large biological molecules. In this approach, a large molecule is broken into computationally tractable pieces (kernels), which reduces the otherwise rapidly rising computational difficulty with the number of atoms. The formula which delivers the KEM approximation to the total molecular energy includes sums over the energies of double kernels corrected for over-counting by subtracting a sum over single kernels. KEM has been shown to deliver numerically accurate energies of unperturbed large molecules and the energies and dipole moments of large molecules under strong external perturbing electric fields. A recent study has also shown that the full molecular localization-delocalization matrix and the electron density at bond and ring critical point can also be reconstructed from formulae of the same form of the KEM master equation. It is shown that the KEM formula can also be used to reconstruct accurate approximations to the two-particle and one-particle reduced density matrices. This paper shows three numerical examples, of increasing complexity and size, that the atomic charge of an atom in a molecule, calculated from Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules, is accurately predicted from the KEM formula. The error introduced by the KEM approximation is found to be smaller than 0.01 % of the total number of electrons as our calculations demonstrate on three interesting compounds that represent a variety of bonding situations: a highly explosive compound N,N'-dinitrourea (C3H6N4O5, 92 electrons), a strong chelating agent (pyridine-2-azo-p-phenyl)tetramethylguanidine (PAPT) (C16H20N6, 158 electrons), and the conformationally restricted synthetic peptide acetyl-C-alpha,C-alpha-dipropylglycine heptapeptide (Ac-Dpg-7) (C39H71N7O9, 426 electrons). C1 [Huang, Lulu] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Matta, Cherif] Mt St Vincent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada. [Matta, Cherif] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. [Matta, Cherif] St Marys Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Massa, Lou] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Massa, L (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM lmassa@hunter.cuny.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Mount Saint Vincent University; US Naval Research Laboratory [47203-00 01]; PSC CUNY Award [63842-00 41] FX We thank Dr. Todd A. Keith for numerous enlightening discussions and for providing the QTAIM atomic integration software AIMAll. L. H. acknowledges funding by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. C. F. M. acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and Mount Saint Vincent University. L. M. acknowledges the US Naval Research Laboratory (Project No. 47203-00 01), a PSC CUNY Award (Project No. 63842-00 41). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 EI 1572-9001 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 1433 EP 1442 DI 10.1007/s11224-015-0661-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CT7BH UT WOS:000362967600025 ER PT J AU Crainiceanu, A Lemire, D AF Crainiceanu, Adina Lemire, Daniel TI Bloofi: Multidimensional Bloom filters SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Bloom filter index; Multidimensional Bloom filter; Federated cloud; Data provenance ID PARTIAL-MATCH RETRIEVAL; TEXT-RETRIEVAL AB Bloom filters are probabilistic data structures commonly used for approximate membership problems in many areas of Computer Science (networking, distributed systems, databases, etc.). With the increase in data size and distribution of data, problems arise where a large number of Bloom filters are available, and all of them need to be searched for potential matches. As an example, in a federated cloud environment, each cloud provider could encode the information using Bloom filters and share the Bloom filters with a central coordinator. The problem of interest is not only whether a given element is in any of the sets represented by the Bloom filters, but also which of the existing sets contain the given element. This problem cannot be solved by just constructing a Bloom filter on the union of all the sets. Instead, we effectively have a multidimensional Bloom filter problem: given an element, we wish to receive a list of candidate sets where the element might be. To solve this problem, we consider three alternatives. Firstly, we can naively check many Bloom filters. Secondly, we propose to organize the Bloom filters in a hierarchical index structure akin to a B+ tree that we call Bloofi. Finally, we propose another data structure that packs the Bloom filters in such a way as to exploit bit-level parallelism, which we call Flat-Bloofi. Our theoretical and experimental results show that Bloofi and Flat-Bloofi provide scalable and efficient solutions alternatives to search through a large number of Bloom filters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Crainiceanu, Adina] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lemire, Daniel] TELUQ Univ Quebec, LICEF Res Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Crainiceanu, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM adina@usna.edu; lemire@gmail.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4379 EI 1873-6076 J9 INFORM SYST JI Inf. Syst. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 54 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.is.2015.01.002 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CS4LG UT WOS:000362046700020 ER PT J AU Bue, BD Thompson, DR Eastwood, M Green, RO Gao, BC Keymeulen, D Sarture, CM Mazer, AS Luong, HH AF Bue, Brian D. Thompson, David R. Eastwood, Michael Green, Robert O. Gao, Bo-Cai Keymeulen, Didier Sarture, Charles M. Mazer, Alan S. Luong, Huy H. TI Real-Time Atmospheric Correction of AVIRIS-NG Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric correction; ATmospheric REMoval (ATREM); imaging spectroscopy; Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG); real time ID VEGETATION LIQUID WATER; IMAGING SPECTROMETRY; SATELLITE SIGNAL; SOLAR SPECTRUM AB We demonstrate real-time model-based atmospheric correction onboard the Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. We achieve a reduction in processing time from hours or days to seconds by modifying a standard physics-based atmospheric correction algorithm to support real-time execution. We achieved this reduction by modifying the physics-based ATmospheric REMoval algorithm to leverage a large lookup table of precomputed scattering and transmission coefficients, indexed by parameters specifying the aircraft operating conditions at capture time. Interpolation among the precomputed coefficients allows surface reflectance retrieval at the sensor acquisition rate of 500 Mb/s. Our system produced science-quality reflectance products during over 30 test flights and, to our knowledge, is the first reported demonstration of real-time model-driven visible shortwave infrared atmospheric correction onboard an aircraft. C1 [Bue, Brian D.; Thompson, David R.; Eastwood, Michael; Green, Robert O.; Keymeulen, Didier; Sarture, Charles M.; Mazer, Alan S.; Luong, Huy H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Bo-Cai] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bue, BD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brian.d.bue@jpl.nasa.gov; david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov; michael.l.eastwood@jpl.nasa.gov; robert.o.green@jpl.nasa.gov; bo-cai.gao@nrl.navy.mil; didier.keymeulen@jpl.nasa.gov; charles.m.sarture@jpl.nasa.gov; alan.s.mazer@jpl.nasa.gov; huy.h.luong@jpl.nasa.gov FU JPL Lew Allen Award [R.14.022.059] FX This work was supported by JPL Lew Allen Award R.14.022.059, awarded to David R. Thompson, 2013. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2015 VL 53 IS 12 BP 6419 EP 6428 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2439215 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CR7LV UT WOS:000361532400009 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Wets, RJB AF Royset, Johannes O. Wets, Roger J-B TI Fusion of hard and soft information in nonparametric density estimation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE density estimation; data analytics; data fusion; epi-splines ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LOG-CONCAVE DENSITY; MONOTONE APPROXIMATION; SHAPE RESTRICTIONS; REGRESSION; SPLINES; CONSISTENCY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALGORITHM AB This paper discusses univariate density estimation in situations when the sample (hard information) is supplemented by "soft" information about the random phenomenon. These situations arise broadly in operations research and management science where practical and computational reasons severely limit the sample size, but problem structure and past experiences could be brought in. In particular, density estimation is needed for generation of input densities to simulation and stochastic optimization models, in analysis of simulation output, and when instantiating probability models. We adopt a constrained maximum likelihood estimator that incorporates any, possibly random, soft information through an arbitrary collection of constraints. We illustrate the breadth of possibilities by discussing soft information about shape, support, continuity, smoothness, slope, location of modes, symmetry, density values, neighborhood of known density, moments, and distribution functions. The maximization takes place over spaces of extended real-valued semicontinuous functions and therefore allows us to consider essentially any conceivable density as well as convenient exponential transformations. The infinite dimensionality of the optimization problem is overcome by approximating splines tailored to these spaces. To facilitate the treatment of small samples, the construction of these splines is decoupled from the sample. We discuss existence and uniqueness of the estimator, examine consistency under increasing hard and soft information, and give rates of convergence. Numerical examples illustrate the value of soft information, the ability to generate a family of diverse densities, and the effect of misspecification of soft information. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wets, Roger J-B] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu; rjbwets@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [00101-80683, W911NF-10-1-0246, W911NF-12-1-0273] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant numbers 00101-80683, W911NF-10-1-0246 and W911NF-12-1-0273. The authors thank the referees for insightful comments, Drs. R. Sood and D. Singham for carrying out a part of the numerical tests, and Prof. N. Sukumar for invigorating discussions. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2015 VL 247 IS 2 BP 532 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.06.034 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA CQ4SH UT WOS:000360594400018 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. TI It Takes More than a Network: The Iraqi Insurgency and Organizational Adaptation SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Russell, James A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 EI 1940-3461 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD WIN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 1 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA CA0RD UT WOS:000348623400018 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Albert, A Anderson, B Atwood, WB Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonino, R Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caputo, R Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cuoco, A Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Essig, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hays, E Hewitt, JW Horan, D Jogler, T Johannesson, G Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Li, J Li, L Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lubrano, P Malyshev, D Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meyer, M Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Morselli, A Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Sanchez-Conde, M Schulz, A Sehgal, N Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strigari, L Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Troja, E Vianello, G Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Zaharijas, G Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Albert, A. Anderson, B. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cuoco, A. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Essig, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Horan, D. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Li, L. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Malyshev, D. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meyer, M. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schulz, A. Sehgal, N. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strigari, L. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. Zimmer, S. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; LOCAL GROUP; SATELLITE; KINEMATICS; PROFILE; HALO; CONSTRAINTS; STARS AB The dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way are some of the most dark matter (DM) dominated objects known. We report on gamma-ray observations of Milky Way dSphs based on six years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data processed with the new PASS8 event-level analysis. None of the dSphs are significantly detected in gamma rays, and we present upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section from a combined analysis of 15 dSphs. These constraints are among the strongest and most robust to date and lie below the canonical thermal relic cross section for DM of mass less than or similar to 100 GeV annihilating via quark and tau-lepton channels. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Jogler, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Jogler, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Anderson, B.; Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meyer, M.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Anderson, B.; Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Li, L.; Garde, M. Llena; Meyer, M.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Zaharijas, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bechtol, K.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.; Desiante, R.; Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agcy Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Drlica-Wagner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Essig, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Funk, S.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.; Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU CNRS, Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sehgal, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Phys & Astron Dept, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Strigari, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM brandon.anderson@fysik.su.se; kadrlica@fnal.gov; mdwood@slac.stanford.edu RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Meyer, Manuel/E-2697-2016; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; OI Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola/0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Meyer, Manuel/0000-0002-0738-7581; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791 FU Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F] FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation, and data analysis from NASA and DOE (United States), CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France), ASI and INFN (Italy), MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan), and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. M. R. funded by the Contract No. FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). NR 58 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 23 AR 231301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.231301 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX7JH UT WOS:000365877500001 PM 26684107 ER PT J AU Hirschfeld, PJ Altenfeld, D Eremin, I Mazin, II AF Hirschfeld, P. J. Altenfeld, D. Eremin, I. Mazin, I. I. TI Robust determination of the superconducting gap sign structure via quasiparticle interference SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; IMPURITIES; SCATTERING AB Phase-sensitive measurements of the superconducting gap in Fe-based superconductors have proven more difficult than originally anticipated. While quasiparticle interference (QPI) measurements based on scanning tunneling spectroscopy are often proposed as definitive tests of gap structure, the analysis typically relies on details of the model employed. Here we point out that the temperature dependence of momentum-integrated QPI data can be used to identify gap sign changes in a qualitative way, and present an illustration for s(+/-) and s(++) states in a system with typical Fe-pnictide Fermi surface. C1 [Hirschfeld, P. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Altenfeld, D.; Eremin, I.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Eremin, I.] Kazan Fed Univ, Kazan 420008, Russia. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hirschfeld, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Eremin, Ilya /M-2079-2016 OI Eremin, Ilya /0000-0003-0557-8015 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; DFG [1458]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD PPP USA) [57051534]; [NSF-DMR-1005625] FX We thank P. Coleman, D.J. Scalapino, and I. Vekhter for useful discussions. P.J.H. was supported by NSF-DMR-1005625, and I.I.M. by the U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. The work of DA and IE was supported by the Focus Program 1458 Eisen-Pniktide of the DFG, and by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD PPP USA No. 57051534). P.J.H. and I.I.M. would like to thank for hospitality R. Valenti and the Goethe University of Frankfurt, where this project was started, as well as the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, where several key discussions took place. I.E. acknowledges the support allocated to Kazan Federal University for the project part of the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 18 AR 184513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.184513 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CX5WL UT WOS:000365773100011 ER PT J AU Zawdie, KA Huba, JD Drob, DP Bernhardt, PA AF Zawdie, K. A. Huba, J. D. Drob, D. P. Bernhardt, P. A. TI A coupled ionosphere-raytrace model for high-power HF heating SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-WAVES; DUCTS AB The first 3-D model of artificial HF ionospheric heating to self-consistently calculate the modification in heating location due to evolving ionospheric gradients has been developed. The model combines the ionosphere model SAMI3/ESF and the HF propagation code MoJo-15. At each time step, the simulated path of the HF wave through the ionosphere is used to determine the HF heating location. These calculations have been used to explain the physical mechanism responsible for the snapback effect observed in an Arecibo HF heating experiment described by Bernhardt et al. (1988). The heater wave is refracted by the density cavity, which causes the heating location to drift in longitude. Eventually, the density cavity convects into the path of the refracted ray, such that only a small portion of the ray is above the threshold for HF heating and the heating location snaps back even though the ray itself is still refracted in longitude. C1 [Zawdie, K. A.; Drob, D. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.; Bernhardt, P. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zawdie, KA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kzawdie@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Zawdie, Kate/0000-0001-7192-4356 FU Chief of Naval Research (CNR) under the NRL 6.1 Base Program FX The authors acknowledge support from the Chief of Naval Research (CNR) under the NRL 6.1 Base Program. This work is from a dissertation to be submitted to the Graduate School, University of Maryland, by Katherine Zawdie in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Physics. Data are available on request from the lead author. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9650 EP 9656 DI 10.1002/2015GL066673 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200008 ER PT J AU Potter, H Collins, CO Drennan, WM Graber, HC AF Potter, Henry Collins, Clarence O., III Drennan, William M. Graber, Hans C. TI Observations of wind stress direction during Typhoon Chaba (2010) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRAG COEFFICIENT; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MOMENTUM FLUXES; SURFACE-WAVES; OPEN-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; SEA-STATE; PART II; BUOY AB Direct flux measurements of stress direction taken at the ocean surface during Typhoon Chaba (2010) over 3 days are examined for wind speeds between 12 and 26.5 m s(-1). Results show stress deviated up to 35 degrees from the wind direction and resided predominantly between the wind and peak wave directions in both bimodal and unimodal seas. Off-wind stress angle was most pronounced in Chaba's wake where wind sea and swell created an apparent unimodal system with narrow directional spread. These conditions lasted 2 days during which the stress direction was midway between the wind and wave directions. The implications for tropical cyclone forecasting are discussed. C1 [Potter, Henry] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Collins, Clarence O., III] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Hancock Cty, MS USA. [Drennan, William M.; Graber, Hans C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. RP Potter, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM henry.potter.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI Collins, Clarence/0000-0003-4553-616X; Potter, Henry/0000-0003-0142-107X FU ONR [N0014-09-1-0392, DURIP N00014-09-0818]; NSF [OCE-0526442]; Clarence O. Collins' ASEE post-doctoral fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center FX ITOP data are freely available from EOL data archives at data.eol.ucar.edu. ITOP was funded by ONR under grant N0014-09-1-0392. We thank this agency for their support. We acknowledge additional support from NSF (OCE-0526442) for the development of the EASI buoy and ONR (DURIP N00014-09-0818) for funding construction of the second EASI buoy. We are also grateful for contributions of Mike Rebozo, Rafael Ramos, and Neil Williams at RSMAS, the WHOI mooring group led by John Kemp, and for the support and assistance provided by the captains and crew of the R/V Roger Revelle. We thank an anonymous reviewer for questioning our assumption of equal stress directions at different measurement heights and our interpretation of the wavefield. This research was conducted in part thanks to Henry Potter's NRC research associateship at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, and Clarence O. Collins' ASEE post-doctoral fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 22 BP 9898 EP 9905 DI 10.1002/2015GL065173 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2MO UT WOS:000368343200037 ER PT J AU Cnossen, I Lastovicka, J Emmert, JT AF Cnossen, Ingrid Lastovicka, Jan Emmert, John T. TI Introduction to special issue on "Long-term changes and trends in the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRAVITY-WAVES AB This special issue bundles some of the latest results on decadal-scale variations in the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere, following on from the 8th Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, held in Cambridge, UK, on 28-31 July 2014. Emmert et al. (2015) provided a short report of the workshop. This introduction briefly describes the relevance of the field and highlights some of the recent progress that has been made. C1 [Cnossen, Ingrid] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Lastovicka, Jan] Inst Atmospher Phys ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic. [Emmert, John T.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Cnossen, I (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM inos@bas.ac.uk RI Cnossen, Ingrid/E-5809-2010; Lastovicka, Jan/H-6804-2014 OI Cnossen, Ingrid/0000-0001-6469-7861; Lastovicka, Jan/0000-0002-1454-3183 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J018058/1] NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 22 DI 10.1002/2015JD024133 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA5EJ UT WOS:000367825200001 ER PT J AU Lieberman, RS Riggin, DM Ortland, DA Oberheide, J Siskind, DE AF Lieberman, R. S. Riggin, D. M. Ortland, D. A. Oberheide, J. Siskind, D. E. TI Global observations and modeling of nonmigrating diurnal tides generated by tide-planetary wave interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; EQUATORIAL MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NONLINEAR-INTERACTIONS; SCALE OSCILLATIONS; UPPER THERMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION MODEL; 30 KILOMETERS; VARIABILITY; WIND; TEMPERATURE AB Advective processes that couple planetary waves with tides have long been proposed as sources of nonmigrating diurnal tides. This paper reports observations of short-term variability in global observations of nonmigrating tides predicted to arise from the interaction of the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) with a quasi-stationary planetary wave number one (PW1). PW1 and tidal definitions are extracted from satellite temperatures and high-altitude meteorological analyses. During winter months, the evolution of westward traveling diurnal tides with zonal wave number 2 (DW2) generally tracks that of strong-amplitude stratospheric PW1. DW1 and PW1 spectra are used to compute nonlinear tidal forcing terms arising from advection. We then examine the response of a primitive equation model to the observation-based nonlinear forcing. The model experiments indicate that meridional advection of PW1 zonal momentum by DW1 is a significant source of lower thermospheric DW2. Modeled DW2 amplitudes are very consistent with observed DW2 amplitudes when stratospheric PW1 penetrates to equatorial latitudes. The model experiments also indicate that the interaction can imprint short-term variability associated with wintertime PW1 upon DW2 in the summer hemisphere and the lower thermosphere. C1 [Lieberman, R. S.; Riggin, D. M.] GATS Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ortland, D. A.] Northwest Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Oberheide, J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC USA. [Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DE USA. RP Lieberman, RS (reprint author), GATS Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM r.s.lieberman@gats-inc.com RI Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011 OI Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540 FU NSF [AGS-1243364]; NASA [NNH12CF66C, NNX14AB15G]; [NNH13AW41I] FX The authors wish to thank the TIMED SABER and EOS MLS science and data processing teams for their careful study, validation, and processing of the SABER and MLS data sets. We thank our anonymous referees for their incisive reviews. SABER data can be accessed at http://saber.gats-inc.com/data_services.php. MLS data are distributed at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/MLS/index.shtml. NOGAPS ALPHA data are archived at GATS Inc. and available upon request (ruth@gats-inc.com). This research was supported by NSF grant AGS-1243364, NASA contracts NNH12CF66C and NNX14AB15G to GATS, and interagency agreement NNH13AW41I to the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 22 DI 10.1002/2015JD023739 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA5EJ UT WOS:000367825200003 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng, Z Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, HZ Huang, B Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, W Li, Y Li, C Li, ZM Li, X Li, X Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, L Ma, R Ma, YG Ma, GL Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pak, R Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, S Raniwala, R Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Sharma, MK Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stepanov, M Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, BJ Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Z Sun, Y Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Tang, Z Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, F Wang, Y Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Y Wang, G Webb, G Webb, JC Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, YF Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, QH Xu, H Yang, Y Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, S Yang, Q Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, XP Zhang, JB Zhang, J Zhang, Z Zhang, S Zhang, Y Zhang, JL Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng, Z. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, H. Z. Huang, B. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, C. Li, Z. M. Li, X. Li, X. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, G. L. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pak, R. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, R. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. K. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stepanov, M. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. J. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Z. Sun, Y. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Tang, Z. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Y. F. Xu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Q. H. Xu, H. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthal Anisotropy in U plus U and Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ELLIPTIC FLOW; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QCD; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; ENERGY; MATTER AB Collisions between prolate uranium nuclei are used to study how particle production and azimuthal anisotropies depend on initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions. We report the two- and four-particle cumulants, v(2){2} and v(2){4}, for charged hadrons from U + U collisions at root s(NN) = 193 GeV and Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. Nearly fully overlapping collisions are selected based on the energy deposited by spectators in zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs). Within this sample, the observed dependence of v(2){2} on multiplicity demonstrates that ZDC information combined with multiplicity can preferentially select different overlap configurations in U + U collisions. We also show that v(2) vs multiplicity can be better described by models, such as gluon saturation or quark participant models, that eliminate the dependence of the multiplicity on the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Heppelmann, S.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feng, Z.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S. S.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] AS CR, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Lebedev, A.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stepanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, S.; Raniwala, R.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Yang, Q.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, G. L.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Kauder, K.; Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; FU Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation, GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; UGC of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and UGC of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 22 AR 222301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.222301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX2KB UT WOS:000365524500007 ER PT J AU Gor, GY Siderius, DW Rasmussen, CJ Krekelberg, WP Shen, VK Bernstein, N AF Gor, Gennady Y. Siderius, Daniel W. Rasmussen, Christopher J. Krekelberg, William P. Shen, Vincent K. Bernstein, Noam TI Relation between pore size and the compressibility of a confined fluid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MONTE-CARLO; WEDGE-SHAPED FILM; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SURFACE-AREA; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION; ARGON AB When a fluid is confined to a nanopore, its thermodynamic properties differ from the properties of a bulk fluid, so measuring such properties of the confined fluid can provide information about the pore sizes. Here, we report a simple relation between the pore size and isothermal compressibility of argon confined in such pores. Compressibility is calculated from the fluctuations of the number of particles in the grand canonical ensemble using two different simulation techniques: conventional grand-canonical Monte Carlo and grand-canonical ensemble transition-matrix Monte Carlo. Our results provide a theoretical framework for extracting the information on the pore sizes of fluid-saturated samples by measuring the compressibility from ultrasonic experiments. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gor, Gennady Y.; Bernstein, Noam] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siderius, Daniel W.; Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rasmussen, Christopher J.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev Expt Stn, Wilmington, DC 19803 USA. RP Gor, GY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gennady.y.gor@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program FX This research was performed while one of the authors (G.Y.G.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory. The work of G.Y.G. and N.B. was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 19 AR 194506 DI 10.1063/1.4935430 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CY6NB UT WOS:000366524700024 PM 26590541 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Reyes, LC Georganopoulos, M Reynolds, K Ajello, M Fegan, SJ McCann, K AF Finke, Justin D. Reyes, Luis C. Georganopoulos, Markos Reynolds, Kaeleigh Ajello, Marco Fegan, Stephen J. McCann, Kevin TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD WITH GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 0229+200, 1ES 0347, 121, 1ES 0414+009, 1ES 1101); diffuse radiation; gamma rays: galaxies; Sun: magnetic fields ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTREME TEV BLAZARS; COSMOLOGICAL IMPACT; RADIATION-FIELDS; COSMIC VOIDS; 1ES 0229+200; UPPER LIMITS; BL LACERTAE AB Distant BL Lacertae objects emit gamma-rays that interact with the extragalactic background light (EBL), creating electron-positron pairs, and reducing the flux measured by ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) at very-high energies (VHE). These pairs can Compton-scatter the cosmic microwave background, creating a gamma-ray signature at slightly lower energies that is observable by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This signal is strongly dependent on the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) strength (B) and its coherence length (L-B). We use IACT spectra taken from the literature for 5 VHE-detected BL Lac objects and combine them with LAT spectra for these sources to constrain these IGMF parameters. Low B values can be ruled out by the constraint that the cascade flux cannot exceed that observed by the LAT. High values of B can be ruled out from the constraint that the EBL-deabsorbed IACT spectrum cannot be greater than the LAT spectrum extrapolated into the VHE band, unless the cascade spectrum contributes a sizable fraction of the LAT flux. We rule out low B values (B less than or similar to 10(-19) G for L-B >= 1 Mpc) at >5 sigma in all trials with different EBL models and data selection, except when using >1 GeV spectra and the lowest EBL models. We were not able to constrain high values of B. C1 [Finke, Justin D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reyes, Luis C.; Reynolds, Kaeleigh] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Georganopoulos, Markos; McCann, Kevin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Georganopoulos, Markos; McCann, Kevin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ajello, Marco] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fegan, Stephen J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil; lreyes04@calpoly.edu; georgano@umbc.edu OI Ajello, Marco/0000-0002-6584-1703 NR 132 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 814 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/20 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW9HQ UT WOS:000365310200020 ER PT J AU Sharon, K Gladders, MD Marrone, DP Hoekstra, H Rasia, E Bourdin, H Gifford, D Hicks, AK Greer, C Mroczkowski, T Barrientos, LF Bayliss, M Carlstrom, JE Gilbank, DG Gralla, M Hlavacek-Larrondo, J Leitch, E Mazzotta, P Miller, C Muchovej, SJC Schrabback, T Yee, HKC AF Sharon, K. Gladders, M. D. Marrone, D. P. Hoekstra, H. Rasia, E. Bourdin, H. Gifford, D. Hicks, A. K. Greer, C. Mroczkowski, T. Barrientos, L. F. Bayliss, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Gilbank, D. G. Gralla, M. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Leitch, E. Mazzotta, P. Miller, C. Muchovej, S. J. C. Schrabback, T. Yee, H. K. C. CA RCS-Team TI A MULTI-WAVELENGTH MASS ANALYSIS OF RCS2 J232727.6-020437, A similar to 3 x 10(15) M-circle dot GALAXY CLUSTER AT z=0.7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual (RCS2 J232727.6-020437) ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; WEAK-LENSING MASSES; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH ARRAY; RAY-SELECTED CLUSTERS; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOS; RED-SEQUENCE; SCALING RELATIONS; XMM-NEWTON AB We present an initial study of the mass and evolutionary state of a massive and distant cluster, RCS2 J232727.6-020437. This cluster, at z = 0.6986, is the richest cluster discovered in the RCS2 project. The mass measurements presented in this paper are derived from all possible mass proxies: X-ray measurements, weak-lensing shear, strong lensing, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect decrement, the velocity distribution of cluster member galaxies, and galaxy richness. While each of these observables probe the mass of the cluster at a different radius, they all indicate that RCS2. J232727.6-020437. is among the most massive clusters at this redshift, with an estimated mass of M-200 similar to 3 x 10(15)h(70)(-1) M-circle dot. In this paper, we demonstrate that the various observables are all reasonably consistent with each other to within their uncertainties. RCS2. J232727.6-020437 appears to be well relaxed-with circular and concentric X-ray isophotes, with a cool core, and no indication of significant substructure in extensive galaxy velocity data. C1 [Sharon, K.; Gifford, D.; Miller, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gladders, M. D.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Leitch, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gladders, M. D.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Leitch, E.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Marrone, D. P.; Greer, C.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hoekstra, H.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Rasia, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rasia, E.] INAF Osservatorio Astronom Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy. [Bourdin, H.; Mazzotta, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Hicks, A. K.] Sustainable Engn Grp, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barrientos, L. F.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bayliss, M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Gralla, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilbank, D. G.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Gralla, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Muchovej, S. J. C.] CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Schrabback, T.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Yee, H. K. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Sharon, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 1085 S Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-10846]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra award by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO2-13158X]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; NSF [AST-1140019]; National Science Foundation (under NASA) [NAS8-03060, AST-1210973, SAO TM3-14008X]; proyecto FONDECYT [1120676]; Centro BASAL CATA; FP7-PEOPLE-IIF [PIIF-GA-2013-627474] FX We wish to thank the anonymous referee for a constructive review that improved the quality of this manuscript. Support for program number GO-10846 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra award GO2-13158X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. We also present observation taken at the Magellan telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, using LDSS-3 and GISMO. CARMA/SZA operations and science support is provided by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement and by the CARMA partner universities; the CARMA/SZA work presented here was supported by NSF grant AST-1140019 to the University of Chicago. E.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation AST-1210973, SAO TM3-14008X (issued under NASA Contract No. NAS8-03060). L.F.B.'s research is funded by proyecto FONDECYT 1120676 and Centro BASAL CATA. E.R. acknowledges support from FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF under Grant Agreement PIIF-GA-2013-627474. NR 128 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 814 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/21 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW9HQ UT WOS:000365310200021 ER PT J AU Petry, F Elmore, P Yager, R AF Petry, Fred Elmore, Paul Yager, Ronald TI Combining uncertain information of differing modalities SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Probability distribution; Possibility distribution; Gini index; Possibilistic conditioning; Possibility-probability transformation; Conflict measures ID AGGREGATION OPERATORS; DECISION-MAKING; FUSION; TRANSFORMATION; ENTROPY AB In this paper we consider approaches for combining separately possibilistic uncertainty, probabilistic uncertainty and situations where both forms of uncertainty appear. An approach to probability aggregation using rational consensus with equi-weighting is developed. This aggregation is analyzed with information measures as one way to assess combinations and understand the impact on uncertainty. The analysis is based on combinations of bounding cases of probability distributions. Measures of conflict and the effect on information are developed. Next possibility transformations are used and illustrated by three representative possibility cases. The resultant transformed probabilities are aggregated with general probability distributions and the result evaluated with information measures as before. Finally a general approach to combining possibility distributions directly using quality criteria is described. An example is provided to illustrate the basic possibility distribution aggregation fusion developed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Petry, Fred; Elmore, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Geospatial Sci & Technol Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Petry, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Geospatial Sci & Technol Branch, Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N]; ONR grant [N00014-13-1-0626] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N for sponsoring this research. Ronald Yager has been in part supported by ONR grant award Number N00014-13-1-0626. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 EI 1872-6291 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2015 VL 322 BP 237 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2015.06.009 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CR5UZ UT WOS:000361411200014 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Bairathi, V Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandenburg, JD Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng, Z Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Haque, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Klein, S Kochenda, L Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, ZM Li, Y Li, W Li, X Li, C Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, R Ma, YG Ma, L Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mishra, D Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, D Page, BS Pak, R Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, S Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Smirnov, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stepanov, M Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, B Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, N Szelezniak, MA Tang, Z Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, A Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, F Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, ZG Xie, W Xin, K Xu, YF Xu, QH Xu, H Xu, N Xu, Z Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, S Yang, Y Yang, Q Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, Z Zhang, J Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, J Zhang, Y Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Bairathi, V. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandenburg, J. D. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng, Z. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. Kochenda, L. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, W. Li, X. Li, C. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, L. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, D. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D., Jr. Page, B. S. Pak, R. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stepanov, M. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, N. Szelezniak, M. A. Tang, Z. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. G. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Y. F. Xu, Q. H. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of interaction between antiprotons SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE RANGE PARAMETERS; SMALL RELATIVE MOMENTA; CORRELATION FEMTOSCOPY; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; PROGRESS AB One of the primary goals of nuclear physics is to understand the force between nucleons, which is a necessary step for understanding the structure of nuclei and how nuclei interact with each other. Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911, and the large body of knowledge about the nuclear force that has since been acquired was derived from studies made on nucleons or nuclei. Although antinuclei up to antihelium-4 have been discovered(1) and their masses measured, little is known directly about the nuclear force between antinucleons. Here, we study antiproton pair correlations among data collected by the STAR experiment(2) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)(3), where gold ions are collided with a centre-of-mass energy of 200 gigaelectronvolts per nucleon pair. Antiprotons are abundantly produced in such collisions, thus making it feasible to study details of the antiproton-antiproton interaction. By applying a technique similar to Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry(4), we show that the force between two antiprotons is attractive. In addition, we report two key parameters that characterize the corresponding strong interaction: the scattering length and the effective range of the interaction. Our measured parameters are consistent within errors with the corresponding values for proton-proton interactions. Our results provide direct information on the interaction between two antiprotons, one of the simplest systems of antinucleons, and so are fundamental to understanding the structure of more-complex antinuclei and their properties. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Heppelmann, S.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bairathi, V.; Haque, R.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Bhattarai, P.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. [Brandenburg, J. D.; Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kochenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.; Yi, L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Shah, N.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Klein, S.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Feng, Z.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stepanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Yang, Q.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Daejeon 305701, South Korea. [Kauder, K.; Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A.] WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017 OI Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Tang, Zebo/0000-0002-4247-0081; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of Nuclear Physics within the US DOE Office of Science; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NSFC; MoST of China [2014CB845400]; CAS of China; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE of India; DST of India; UGC of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; US NSF FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NSFC, the MoST of China (973 Programme No. 2014CB845400), CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST and UGC of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 19 PY 2015 VL 527 IS 7578 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1038/nature15724 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW9ZN UT WOS:000365356800049 ER PT J AU Ranasinghe, S Ansumana, R Bockarie, AS Bangura, U Jimmy, DH Stenger, DA Jacobsen, KH AF Ranasinghe, Shamika Ansumana, Rashid Bockarie, Alfred S. Bangura, Umaru Jimmy, David Henry Stenger, David A. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. TI Child bed net use before, during, and after a bed net distribution campaign in Bo, Sierra Leone SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Insecticide-treated bednets; Malaria/prevention and control; Health campaigns; Preschool children; Infants; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa ID NATURAL EXPERIMENTS; MALARIA CONTROL; COVERAGE; HEALTH; COUNTRIES; AFRICA AB Background: This analysis examined how the proportion of children less than 5-years-old who slept under a bed net the previous night changed during and after a national long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution campaign in Sierra Leone in November-December 2010. Methods: A citywide cross-sectional study in 2010-2011 interviewed the caregivers of more than 3000 under-five children from across urban Bo, Sierra Leone. Chi squared tests were used to assess change in use rates over time, and multivariate regression models were used to examine the factors associated with bed net use. Results: Reported rates of last-night bed net use changed from 38.7 % (504/1304) in the months before the LLIN campaign to 21.8 % (78/357) during the week of the campaign to 75.3 % (1045/1387) in the months after the national campaign. The bed net use rate significantly increased (p < 0.01) from before the campaign to after the universal LLIN distribution campaign in all demographic, socioeconomic, and health behaviour groups, even though reported use during the campaign dropped significantly. Conclusion: Future malaria prevention efforts will need to promote consistent use of LLINs and address any remaining disparities in insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) use. C1 [Ranasinghe, Shamika; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ansumana, Rashid; Bockarie, Alfred S.; Bangura, Umaru; Jimmy, David Henry] Mercy Hosp, Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Ansumana, Rashid] Njala Univ, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Stenger, David A.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobsen, KH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, 4400 Univ Dr 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kjacobse@gmu.edu RI Jacobsen, Kathryn/B-5857-2008 OI Jacobsen, Kathryn/0000-0002-4198-6246 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Office of the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics; Joint Science and Technology Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research; the Office of the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics; and the Joint Science and Technology Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The view expressed therein are those of the authors and do not represent those of the Department of the Navy or the Department of Defense. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 462 DI 10.1186/s12936-015-0990 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA CW3PT UT WOS:000364904900002 PM 26581840 ER PT J AU Young, SM Zheng, F Rappe, AM AF Young, Steve M. Zheng, Fan Rappe, Andrew M. TI First-Principles Materials Design of High-Performing Bulk Photovoltaics with the LiNbO3 Structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BISMUTH FERRITE; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; CRYSTALS; BIFEO3; ZNSNO3; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; PEROVSKITE AB The bulk photovoltaic effect is a long-known but poorly understood phenomenon. Recently, however, the multiferroic bismuth ferrite has been observed to produce strong photovoltaic response to visible light, suggesting that the effect has been underexploited. Here we present three polar oxides in the LiNbO3 structure that we predict to have band gaps in the 1-2 eV range and very high bulk photovoltaic response: PbNiO3, Mg1/2Zn1/2PbO3, and LiBiO3. All three have band gaps determined by cations with d(10)s(0) electronic configurations, leading to conduction bands composed of cation s orbitals and O p orbitals. This both dramatically lowers the band gap and increases the bulk photovoltaic response by as much as an order of magnitude over previous materials, demonstrating the potential for high-performing bulk photovoltaics. C1 [Young, Steve M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zheng, Fan; Rappe, Andrew M.] Univ Penn, Makineni Theoret Labs, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Young, SM (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Young, Steven/0000-0003-0591-4330 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46431]; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0761, N00014-12-1-1033] FX S. M. Y. was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46431, and by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. F. Z. was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-14-1-0761. A. M. R was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-12-1-1033. Computational support was provided by the HPCMO of the DoD and NERSC of the DOE. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 67 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD NOV 18 PY 2015 VL 4 IS 5 AR 054004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.054004 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CW3SE UT WOS:000364911300001 ER PT J AU Jain, SK Stewart, AIF Schneider, NM Deighan, J Stiepen, A Evans, JS Stevens, MH Chaffin, MS Crismani, M McClintock, WE Clarke, JT Holsclaw, GM Lo, DY Lefevre, F Montmessin, F Thiemann, EMB Eparvier, F Jakosky, BM AF Jain, S. K. Stewart, A. I. F. Schneider, N. M. Deighan, J. Stiepen, A. Evans, J. S. Stevens, M. H. Chaffin, M. S. Crismani, M. McClintock, W. E. Clarke, J. T. Holsclaw, G. M. Lo, D. Y. Lefevre, F. Montmessin, F. Thiemann, E. M. B. Eparvier, F. Jakosky, B. M. TI The structure and variability of Mars upper atmosphere as seen in MAVEN/IUVS dayglow observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT; UV DOUBLET EMISSIONS; CO CAMERON BAND; MARINER 6; 1304-A AB We report a comprehensive study of Mars dayglow observations focusing on upper atmospheric structure and seasonal variability. We analyzed 744 vertical brightness profiles comprised of similar to 109,300 spectra obtained with the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite. The dayglow emission spectra show features similar to previous UV measurements at Mars. We find a significant drop in thermospheric scale height and temperature between L-S = 218 degrees and L-S = 337-352 degrees, attributed primarily to the decrease in solar activity and increase in heliocentric distance. We report the detection of a second, low-altitude peak in the emission profile of OI 297.2 nm, confirmation of the prediction that the absorption of solar Lyman alpha emission is an important energy source there. The CO2+ UV doublet peak intensity is well correlated with simultaneous observations of solar 17-22 nm irradiance at Mars. C1 [Jain, S. K.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Schneider, N. M.; Deighan, J.; Stiepen, A.; Chaffin, M. S.; Crismani, M.; McClintock, W. E.; Holsclaw, G. M.; Thiemann, E. M. B.; Eparvier, F.; Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Evans, J. S.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Stevens, M. H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, J. T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lo, D. Y.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lefevre, F.; Montmessin, F.] CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. RP Jain, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sonal.jain@lasp.colorado.edu RI Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Crismani, Matteo/H-3791-2016; OI Crismani, Matteo/0000-0003-3127-2466; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA; MAVEN project [NNH1OCCO4C]; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District FX The MAVEN project is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. The data used (tagged "periapse" with version/revision tag v03_r01) are archived in NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS). D. Lo is supported by the MAVEN project through a subcontract to the University of Arizona (NASA grant NNH1OCCO4C). M.H. Stevens is supported by the NASA MAVEN Participating Scientist Program. A. Stiepen is supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Rotary District 1630. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9023 EP 9030 DI 10.1002/2015GL065419 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800029 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Stevens, MH Lumpe, JD Schneider, NM Stewart, AIF Deighan, J Jain, SK Chaffin, MS Crismani, M Stiepen, A McClintock, WE Holsclaw, GM Lefevre, F Lo, DY Clarke, JT Eparvier, FG Thiemann, EMB Chamberlin, PC Bougher, SW Bell, JM Jakosky, BM AF Evans, J. S. Stevens, M. H. Lumpe, J. D. Schneider, N. M. Stewart, A. I. F. Deighan, J. Jain, S. K. Chaffin, M. S. Crismani, M. Stiepen, A. McClintock, W. E. Holsclaw, G. M. Lefevre, F. Lo, D. Y. Clarke, J. T. Eparvier, F. G. Thiemann, E. M. B. Chamberlin, P. C. Bougher, S. W. Bell, J. M. Jakosky, B. M. TI Retrieval of CO2 and N-2 in the Martian thermosphere using dayglow observations by IUVS on MAVEN SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT; TITANS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MARS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ERROR ANALYSIS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; MARINER 6; EMISSIONS; AIRGLOW; IMPACT AB We present direct number density retrievals of carbon dioxide (CO2) and molecular nitrogen (N-2) for the upper atmosphere of Mars using limb scan observations during October and November 2014 by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph on board NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. We use retrieved CO2 densities to derive temperature variability between 170 and 220 km. Analysis of the data shows (1) low-mid latitude northern hemisphere CO2 densities at 170km vary by a factor of about 2.5, (2) on average, the N-2/CO2 increases from 0.042 +/- 0.017 at 130 km to 0.12 +/- 0.06 at 200 km, and (3) the mean upper atmospheric temperature is 324 +/- 22 K for local times near 14:00. C1 [Evans, J. S.; Lumpe, J. D.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Stevens, M. H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schneider, N. M.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Deighan, J.; Jain, S. K.; Chaffin, M. S.; Crismani, M.; Stiepen, A.; McClintock, W. E.; Holsclaw, G. M.; Eparvier, F. G.; Thiemann, E. M. B.; Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lefevre, F.] CNRS, LATMOS, Paris, France. [Lo, D. Y.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clarke, J. T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Chamberlin, P. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bougher, S. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bell, J. M.] NIA, Hampton, VA USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM evans@cpi.com RI Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Crismani, Matteo/H-3791-2016; OI Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Crismani, Matteo/0000-0003-3127-2466; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA; University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District FX The MAVEN project is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. J.S.E. acknowledges support from the University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and thanks John Correira for his assistance in generating figures for this paper. M.H.S. was supported by the NASA MAVEN Participating Scientist program. A. Stiepen is supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Rotary District 1630. The IUVS processing pipeline automatically generates level 2 retrieval data products, which are stored at the Planetary Atmospheres Node of the Planetary Data System (http://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_iu vs.html). Data files can be identified by file names with the orbit numbers given, the word "periapse," and the identifier v03_r01. Data release v03_r01 includes CO2 and N2 density profiles and upper atmosphere temperatures. Later releases will include additional species and derived quantities. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9040 EP 9049 DI 10.1002/2015GL065489 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800031 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Evans, JS Schneider, NM Stewart, AIF Deighan, J Jain, SK Crismani, M Stiepen, A Chaffin, MS McClintock, WE Holsclaw, GM Lefevre, F Lo, DY Clarke, JT Montmessin, F Bougher, SW Jakosky, BM AF Stevens, M. H. Evans, J. S. Schneider, N. M. Stewart, A. I. F. Deighan, J. Jain, S. K. Crismani, M. Stiepen, A. Chaffin, M. S. McClintock, W. E. Holsclaw, G. M. Lefevre, F. Lo, D. Y. Clarke, J. T. Montmessin, F. Bougher, S. W. Jakosky, B. M. TI New observations of molecular nitrogen in the Martian upper atmosphere by IUVS on MAVEN SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARS; ABSORPTION; DAYGLOW; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITY; MARINER-6; ESCAPE; SYSTEM; ATOMS; BANDS AB We identify molecular nitrogen (N-2) emissions in the Martian upper atmosphere using the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We report the first observations of the N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands at Mars and confirm the tentative identification of the N-2 Vegard-Kaplan (VK) bands. We retrieve N-2 density profiles from the VK limb emissions and compare calculated limb radiances between 90 and 210 km against both observations and predictions from a Mars general circulation model (GCM). Contrary to earlier analyses using other satellite data, we find that N-2 abundances exceed GCM results by about a factor of 2 at 130 km but are in agreement at 150 km. The analysis and interpretation are enabled by a linear regression method used to extract components of UV spectra from IUVS limb observations. C1 [Stevens, M. H.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Evans, J. S.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Schneider, N. M.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Deighan, J.; Jain, S. K.; Crismani, M.; Stiepen, A.; Chaffin, M. S.; McClintock, W. E.; Holsclaw, G. M.; Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lefevre, F.; Montmessin, F.] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS, Paris, France. [Lo, D. Y.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clarke, J. T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bougher, S. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.stevens@nrl.navy.mil RI Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Crismani, Matteo/H-3791-2016; OI Crismani, Matteo/0000-0003-3127-2466; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District FX The MAVEN project is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. M.H.S. was supported by the NASA MAVEN Participating Scientist program. A. Stiepen is supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and Rotary District 1630. We thank F. Leblanc for many discussions from which this work benefited. The data are publicly archived at the Planetary Atmospheres node of the Planetary Data System (http://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_iu vs.html). NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9050 EP 9056 DI 10.1002/2015GL065319 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800032 ER PT J AU Lo, DY Yelle, RV Schneider, NM Jain, SK Stewart, AIF England, SL Deighan, JI Stiepen, A Evans, JS Stevens, MH Chaffin, MS Crismani, MMJ McClintock, WE Clarke, JT Holsclaw, GM Lefevre, F Jakosky, BM AF Lo, Daniel Y. Yelle, Roger V. Schneider, Nicholas M. Jain, Sonal K. Stewart, A. Ian F. England, Scott L. Deighan, Justin I. Stiepen, Arnaud Evans, J. Scott Stevens, Michael H. Chaffin, Michael S. Crismani, Matteo M. J. McClintock, William E. Clarke, John T. Holsclaw, Gregory M. Lefevre, Franck Jakosky, Bruce M. TI Nonmigrating tides in the Martian atmosphere as observed by MAVEN IUVS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY PROFILES; THERMAL TIDES; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; CO CAMERON; MARS; ACCELEROMETER; DAYGLOW; WAVES AB Using the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS), we found periodic longitudinal variations in CO2 density in the Martian atmosphere. These density variations are derived from observations of the CO2+ (B-2 Sigma(+)-> X-2 Pi) emission from limb scans in the 100-190 km altitude range. The variations exhibit significant structure with longitudinal wave numbers 1, 2, and 3 in an effectively constant local solar time frame, and we attribute this structure to nonmigrating tides. The wave-2 component is dominated by the diurnal eastward moving DE1 tide at the equator and the semidiurnal stationary S0 tide at the midlatitudes. Wave-3 is dominated by the diurnal eastward moving DE2 tide, with possibly the semidiurnal eastward moving SE1 tide causing an amplitude increase at the midlatitudes. Structure in the wave-1 component can be explained by the semidiurnal westward moving SW1 tide. C1 [Lo, Daniel Y.; Yelle, Roger V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schneider, Nicholas M.; Jain, Sonal K.; Stewart, A. Ian F.; Deighan, Justin I.; Stiepen, Arnaud; Chaffin, Michael S.; Crismani, Matteo M. J.; McClintock, William E.; Holsclaw, Gregory M.; Jakosky, Bruce M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [England, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Evans, J. Scott] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Stevens, Michael H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, John T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lefevre, Franck] CNRS, Lab ATmospheres Milieux Observat Spatiales, Paris, France. RP Lo, DY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM danielloyw@gmail.com RI Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Crismani, Matteo/H-3791-2016; OI Crismani, Matteo/0000-0003-3127-2466; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District FX The data used in the study are archived in the Planetary Atmospheres Node of the Planetary Data System at http://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_iuv s.html. Each filename is marked with the identifier "periapse," the orbit number, the start time of the observation, and "v02_r01" reflecting the version of the calibration curve and MLR decomposition. The MAVEN project is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. Arnaud Stiepen is supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Rotary District 1630. The authors thank Steve Bougher, John Wilson, and Paul Withers for providing critical and valuable comments toward the improvement of this manuscript in their reviews. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 21 BP 9057 EP 9063 DI 10.1002/2015GL066268 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DB2KK UT WOS:000368336800033 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT Wu, CT AF Halterman, Klaus Valls, Oriol T. Wu, Chien-Te TI Charge and spin currents in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-PHASE RELATION; EXCHANGE FIELD; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERCURRENTS; OSCILLATIONS AB We determine, using a self-consistent method, the charge and spin currents in ballistic Josephson junctions consisting of several ferromagnetic (F) layers sandwiched between superconducting (S) electrodes (SFS-type junctions). When there are two F layers, we also consider the experimentally relevant configuration where a normal (N) nonmagnetic spacer layer separates them. We study the current-phase relationships as functions of geometrical parameters that are accessible experimentally including particularly the angles that characterize the relative orientation of the magnetization in the F layers. Our self-consistent method ensures that the proper charge conservation laws are satisfied, and that important proximity effects are fully and properly accounted for. We find that as we vary the phase difference Lambda(phi) between the two outer S electrodes, multiple harmonics in the current-phase relations emerge, the extent of which depends on the interface scattering strength and on the relative F layer widths and magnetization orientations. By manipulating the relative F layer magnetization orientations, we find that the charge supercurrent can reverse directions or vanish altogether. These findings are discussed in the context of the generation and long-range nature of triplet pair correlation within these structures. We also investigate the spin currents and associated spin-transfer torques throughout the entire junction regions. For noncollinear relative magnetizations, the nonconserved spin currents in a given F region give rise to net torques that can switch directions at particular magnetic configurations or Lambda(phi) values. The details of the spin current behavior are shown to depend strongly on the degree of magnetic inhomogeneity in the system, including the number of F layers and the relative widths of the F and N layers. C1 [Halterman, Klaus] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.; Wu, Chien-Te] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Wu, Chien-Te] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu; chientewu@uchicago.edu FU IARPA; ONR; Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program; DOE [DE-SC0014467] FX K.H. was supported in part by IARPA and ONR. K.H. was also supported in part by a grant from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. K. H. would like to thank M. Alidoust for helpful discussions. In the latest stages of this work, O.T.V. was supported in part by DOE Grant No. DE-SC0014467. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 16 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 17 AR 174516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.174516 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CW2GQ UT WOS:000364809800005 ER PT J AU Marras, S Nazarov, M Giraldo, FX AF Marras, Simone Nazarov, Murtazo Giraldo, Francis X. TI Stabilized high-order Galerkin methods based on a parameter-free dynamic SGS model for LES SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Large eddy simulation; LES; Dynamic SGS model; Adaptive dissipation; Localized artificial viscosity; Spectral element method; Discontinuous Galerkin; Low Mach number; Stratified flows; Non-hydrostatic atmospheric flows ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY; CONSERVATION-LAWS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; EULER EQUATIONS; CONVERGENCE; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; TURBULENCE AB The high order spectral element approximation of the Euler equations is stabilized via a dynamic sub-grid scale model (Dyn-SGS). This model was originally designed for linear finite elements to solve compressible flows at large Mach numbers. We extend its application to high-order spectral elements to solve the Euler equations of low Mach number stratified flows. The major justification of this work is twofold: stabilization and large eddy simulation are achieved via one scheme only. Because the diffusion coefficients of the regularization stresses obtained via Dyn-SGS are residual-based, the effect of the artificial diffusion is minimal in the regions where the solution is smooth. The direct consequence is that the nominal convergence rate of the high-order solution of smooth problems is not degraded. To our knowledge, this is the first application in atmospheric modeling of a spectral element model stabilized by an eddy viscosity scheme that, by construction, may fulfill stabilization requirements, can model turbulence via LES, and is completely free of a user-tunable parameter. From its derivation, it will be immediately clear that Dyn-SGS is independent of the numerical method; it could be implemented in a discontinuous Galerkin, finite volume, or other environments alike. Preliminary discontinuous Galerkin results are reported as well. The straightforward extension to non-linear scalar problems is also described. A suite of 1D, 2D, and 3D test cases is used to assess the method, with some comparison against the results obtained with the most known Lilly-Smagorinsky SGS model. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marras, Simone; Giraldo, Francis X.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. [Nazarov, Murtazo] Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Marras, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM smarras@stanford.edu RI Marras, Simone/K-9155-2016 OI Marras, Simone/0000-0002-7498-049X FU Office of Naval Research through program element [PE-0602435N]; National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) through program element [121670]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program; National Academies via a National Research Council fellowship FX The authors are thankful to the editor of this paper, Prof. Smolarkiewicz and to two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the document. The discussions with and inputs by Prof. Lucas Wilcox (NPS), Dr. Matias Avila (BSC-CNS), and Dr. James F. Kelly (Exa Corp.) are also very much appreciated. The first and third authors acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N, the National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) through program element 121670, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program. The work of the first author was supported by the National Academies via a National Research Council fellowship. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 301 BP 77 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.07.034 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CS8ZU UT WOS:000362379300005 ER PT J AU Steuben, J Michopoulos, J Iliopoulos, A Turner, C AF Steuben, John Michopoulos, John Iliopoulos, Athanasios Turner, Cameron TI Inverse characterization of composite materials via surrogate modeling SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Material characterization; Composite materials; Surrogate models; Inverse problems ID VIRTUAL FIELDS METHOD; SIMPLEX-METHOD; IDENTIFICATION; APPROXIMATION; SPLINES; OPTIMIZATION; DISPLACEMENT; STIFFNESSES; REGRESSION; STRAINS AB Methods for the inverse characterization of mechanical properties of materials have recently seen significant growth, largely because of the availability of enabling technologies such as automated testing, full-field measurement techniques, and inexpensive computing resources. Unfortunately, as the complexity of the material systems and their associated behaviors increase, even the most advanced methods for inverse characterization require impractically large computation time to produce results. To overcome this limitation we present a method that employs Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBs) based surrogate modeling to generate a very efficient representation of the combined constitutive and structural model response required for inverse characterization. Building on our previous work, we present an inversion method for identifying the constitutive material properties that minimize an appropriate objective function. Verification of this methodology is achieved through synthetic numerical experiments that include material systems of isotropic-elastic, orthotropic-elastic, and orthotropic-hyperelastic with damage nature on selected geometries. Statistical analyses on the effects of experimental noise supplement our analysis. We then proceed to demonstrate the use of this approach to characterize actual specimens tested using a multiaxial robotic system. In conclusion, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of the surrogate model-based methodology and outline further research required to advance this approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steuben, John; Michopoulos, John] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA USA. [Turner, Cameron] Colorado Sch Mines, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Turner, C (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john.steuben.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; athanasios.iliopoulos.ctr.gr@nrl.navy.mil; cturner@mines.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016; Turner, Cameron/N-7266-2014 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838; Turner, Cameron/0000-0001-9546-2328 FU Naval Research Laboratory's; Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program FX The authors acknowledge support for this work by the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding as well as the Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD NOV 15 PY 2015 VL 132 BP 694 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.029 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CR3WI UT WOS:000361263400060 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Albert, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Barbieri, C Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonino, R Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Cohen-Tanugi, J Cuoco, A Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Franckowiak, A Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hagiwara, K Harding, AK Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Johnson, TJ Knodiseder, J Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Maldera, S Manfreda, A Marshall, F Martin, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mirabal, N Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naletto, G Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Paneque, D Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Romani, RW Parkinson, PMS Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Wood, KS Wood, M Zampieri, L AF Ackermann, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Barbieri, C. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cuoco, A. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Franckowiak, A. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hagiwara, K. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Johnson, T. J. Knoediseder, J. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Marshall, F. Martin, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mirabal, N. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naletto, G. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paneque, D. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Romani, R. W. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zampieri, L. CA Fermi LAT Collaboration TI An extremely bright gamma-ray pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; PSR B0540-69; LIGHT CURVES; GIANT PULSES; RADIO; FERMI; EMISSION; CRAB; RADIATION AB Pulsars are rapidly spinning, highly magnetized neutron stars, created in the gravitational collapse of massive stars. We report the detection of pulsed giga-electron volt gamma rays from the young pulsar PSR J0540-6919 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. This is the first gamma-ray pulsar detected in another galaxy. It has the most luminous pulsed gamma-ray emission yet observed, exceeding the Crab pulsar's by a factor of 20. PSR J0540-6919 presents an extreme test case for understanding the structure and evolution of neutron star magnetospheres. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.] CEA IRFU CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Astrophys Interact Multiechelles, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbieri, C.] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.; Latronico, L.; Maldera, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Cuoco, A.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Marshall, F.; Mirabal, N.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Johnson, T. J.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Johnson, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso Piazza Trieste & Trento, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Funk, S.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guillemot, L.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Guillemot, L.] CNRS INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Guiriec, S.; Mirabal, N.] NASA Postdoctoral Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Knoediseder, J.; Martin, P.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoediseder, J.; Martin, P.] Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, IRAP, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Naletto, G.] Consiglio Nazl Ric Ist Foton & Nanotecnol UOS Pad, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Naletto, G.] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. INAF Astron Observ Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RP Martin, P (reprint author), CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. EM lucas.guillemot@cnrs-orleans.fr; francis.e.marshall@nasa.gov; pierrick.martin@irap.omp.eu RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 FU Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F] FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation, and data analysis from NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (United States); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU) and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. KEK, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan); and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) (Italy) and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. Fermi-LAT data and analysis tools are publicly available from the Fermi Science Support Center at http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc. M.R. was funded by contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 13 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6262 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1126/science.aac7400 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW3MS UT WOS:000364897000041 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H S'anchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Codrington, MJM Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Hague, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, HZ Huang, X Huang, B Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, R Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, X Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, C Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, L Ma, R Ma, GL Ma, YG Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Smirnov, D Solanki, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, BJ Sun, Y Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ulrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G Van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, G Wang, Y Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, Z Xu, QH Xu, N Xu, H Xu, YF Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, S Yang, Q Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, XP Zhang, S Zhang, J Zhang, Z Zhang, Y Zhang, JL Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Hague, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huang, B. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, R. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, X. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, C. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Solanki, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. J. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ulrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Z. Xu, Q. H. Xu, N. Xu, H. Xu, Y. F. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Energy dependence of acceptance-corrected dielectron excess mass spectrum at mid-rapidity in Au plus Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=19.6 and 200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CHIRAL RESTORATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; CERN-SPS; STAR; DILEPTONS; MATTER; COLLABORATION AB The acceptance-corrected dielectron excess mass spectra, where the known hadronic sources have been subtracted from the inclusive dielectron mass spectra, are reported for the first time at mid-rapidity vertical bar Y-ee vertical bar <1 in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S and 200 GeV. The excess mass spectra are consistently described by a model calculation with a broadened p spectral function for Mee <1.1 GeV/c2. The integrated dielectron excess yield at root(NN)-N-S= 19.6 GeV for 0.4 < M-ee <0.75 GeV/c(2), normalized to the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity, has a value similar to that in In + In collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 17.3 GeV. For root(NN)-N-S = 200 GeV, the normalized excess yield in central collisions is higher than that at root(NN)-N-S = 17.3 GeV and increases from peripheral to central collisions. These measurements indicate that the lifetime of the hot, dense medium created in central Au + Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 200 GeV is longer than those in peripheral collisions and at lower energies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Guryn, W.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ulrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Takahashi, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Feng; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Simko, M.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Klein, S. R.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, R.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Hague, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Yang, Q.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, L.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Sandacz, A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM bingchu@uic.edu RI Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MOST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MOST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 12 PY 2015 VL 750 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.08.044 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CV4QC UT WOS:000364250600013 ER PT J AU Alves, NJ Turner, KB Daniele, MA Oh, E Medintz, IL Walper, SA AF Alves, Nathan J. Turner, Kendrick B. Daniele, Michael A. Oh, Eunkeu Medintz, Igor L. Walper, Scott A. TI Bacterial Nanobioreactors-Directing Enzyme Packaging into Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE outer membrane vesicle (OMV); phosphotriesterase (PTE); directed packaging enzyme; E. coli; SpyCatcher; SpyTag ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUANTUM DOTS; NERVE AGENTS; PEPTIDE TAG; PROTEIN-A; IN-VIVO; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; OMPA; BIOGENESIS; ASSOCIATION AB All bacteria shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) loaded with a diverse array of small molecules, proteins, and genetic cargo. In this study we sought to hijack the bacterial cell export pathway to simultaneously produce, package, and release an active enzyme, phosphotriesterase (PTE). To accomplish this goal the SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) bioconjugation system was utilized to produce a PTE-SpyCatcher (PTE-SC) fusion protein and a SpyTagged transmembrane porin protein (OmpA-ST), known to be abundant in OMVs. Under a range of physiological conditions the SpyTag and SpyCatcher domains interact with one another and form a covalent isopeptide bond driving packaging of PTE into forming OMVs. The PTE-SC loaded OMVs are characterized for size distribution, number of vesicles produced, cell viability, packaged PTE enzyme kinetics, OMV loading efficiency, and enzyme stability following iterative cycles of freezing and thawing. The PTE-loaded OMVs exhibit native-like enzyme kinetics when assayed with paraoxon as a substrate. PTE is often toxic to expression cultures and has a tendency to lose activity with improper handling. The coexpression of OmpA-ST with PTE-SC, however, greatly improved the overall PTE production levels by mitigating toxicity through exporting of the PTE-SC and greatly enhanced packaged enzyme stability against iterative cycles of freezing and thawing. C1 [Turner, Kendrick B.; Daniele, Michael A.; Medintz, Igor L.; Walper, Scott A.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alves, Nathan J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Walper, SA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Scott.Walper@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through NRL Base funds; NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science and Technology Office MIPR [B112582M] FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research through NRL Base funds, the NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science and Technology Office MIPR#B112582M. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 44 BP 24963 EP 24972 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b08811 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CW1CE UT WOS:000364726400067 PM 26479678 ER PT J AU Orienti, M D'Ammando, F Larsson, J Finke, J Giroletti, M Dallacasa, D Isacsson, T Hoglund, JS AF Orienti, M. D'Ammando, F. Larsson, J. Finke, J. Giroletti, M. Dallacasa, D. Isacsson, T. Hoglund, J. Stoby TI Investigating powerful jets in radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1s SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; gamma-rays: general; radio continuum: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY; X-RAY; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; COMPTON ANALYSIS; PMN J0948+0022; PKS 1502+036 AB We report results on multiband observations from radio to gamma-rays of the two radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies PKS 2004-447 and J1548+3511. Both sources show a core-jet structure on parsec scale, while they are unresolved at the arcsecond scale. The high core dominance and the high variability brightness temperature make these NLSy1 galaxies good gamma-ray source candidates. Fermi-Large Area Telescope detected gamma-ray emission only from PKS 2004-447, with a gamma-ray luminosity comparable to that observed in blazars. No gamma-ray emission is observed for J1548+ 3511. Both sources are variable in X-rays. J1548+ 3511 shows a hardening of the spectrum during high activity states, while PKS 2004-447 has no spectral variability. A spectral steepening likely related to the soft excess is hinted below 2 keV for J1548+ 3511, while the X-ray spectra of PKS 2004-447 collected by XMM-Newton in 2012 are described by a single power law without significant soft excess. No additional absorption above the Galactic column density or the presence of an Fe line is detected in the X-ray spectra of both sources. C1 [Orienti, M.; D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Dallacasa, D.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Dallacasa, D.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Larsson, J.; Isacsson, T.; Hoglund, J. Stoby] KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, J.; Isacsson, T.; Hoglund, J. Stoby] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Finke, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orienti, M (reprint author), INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM orienti@ira.inaf.it OI /0000-0003-0065-2933; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the JPL, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, and NEOWISE, which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. WISE and NEOWISE are funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2015 VL 453 IS 4 BP 4037 EP 4050 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv1845 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU6OJ UT WOS:000363651600050 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Gonzalez, JB Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonino, R Bottacini, E Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caputo, R Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Desiante, R Di Venere, L Dominguez, A Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Green, D Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Magill, J Maldera, S Manfreda, A Max-Moerbeck, W Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Ojha, R Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Pearson, TJ Perkins, JS Perri, M Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Readhead, A Reimer, A Reimer, O Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Wood, KS Wood, M Zimmer, S Berdyugin, A Corbet, RHD Hovatta, T Lindfors, E Nilsson, K Reinthal, R Sillanpaa, A Stamerra, A Takalo, LO Valtonen, MJ AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Di Venere, L. Dominguez, A. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Green, D. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Magill, J. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Max-Moerbeck, W. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Ojha, R. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Pearson, T. J. Perkins, J. S. Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Readhead, A. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zimmer, S. Berdyugin, A. Corbet, R. H. D. Hovatta, T. Lindfors, E. Nilsson, K. Reinthal, R. Sillanpaa, A. Stamerra, A. Takalo, L. O. Valtonen, M. J. TI MULTIWAVELENGTH EVIDENCE FOR QUASI-PERIODIC MODULATION IN THE GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR PG 1553+113 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual (PG 1553+113); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; gamma rays: general ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLACK-HOLE BINARY; ACCRETION DISKS; HELICAL JETS; BL-LACERTAE; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; RADIO-SOURCES; FERMI-LAT AB We report for the first time a gamma-ray and multiwavelength nearly periodic oscillation in an active galactic nucleus. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope we have discovered an apparent quasi-periodicity in the gamma-ray flux (E > 100 MeV) from the GeV/TeV BL Lac object PG 1553+113. The marginal significance of the 2.18 +/- 0.08 year period gamma-ray cycle is strengthened by correlated oscillations observed in radio and optical fluxes, through data collected in the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Tuorla, Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, and Catalina Sky Survey monitoring programs and Swift-UVOT. The optical cycle appearing in similar to 10 years of data has a similar period, while the 15 GHz oscillation is less regular than seen in the other bands. Further long-term multiwavelength monitoring of this blazar may discriminate among the possible explanations for this quasi-periodicity. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Dominguez, A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Ferrara, E. C.; Green, D.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Ojha, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Green, D.; Magill, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gonzalez, J. Becerra; Green, D.; Magill, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Desiante, R.; Latronico, L.; Maldera, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.; Perri, M.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Perri, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Li, L.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecnico Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Fuhrmann, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Ohno, M.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kamae, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, IN2P3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Max-Moerbeck, W.] NRAO, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Max-Moerbeck, W.; Pearson, T. J.; Readhead, A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Berdyugin, A.; Lindfors, E.; Reinthal, R.; Sillanpaa, A.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Corbet, R. H. D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hovatta, T.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala, Finland. [Nilsson, K.; Valtonen, M. J.] Univ Turku, ESO FINCA, Finnish Ctr Astron, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Stamerra, A.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Stamerra, A.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM stefano.ciprini@asdc.asi.it; sara.cutini@asdc.asi.it; stefan@astro.su.se; David.J.Thompson@nasa.gov; stamerra@oato.inaf.it RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; OI Ajello, Marco/0000-0002-6584-1703; Becerra Gonzalez, Josefa/0000-0002-6729-9022; Stamerra, Antonio/0000-0002-9430-5264; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola/0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Dominguez, Alberto/0000-0002-3433-4610; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834 FU INAF (Italy); CNES (France); Academy of Finland [127740]; Katzman Foundation; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GF22G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0909182]; NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G]; NSF [AST-0808050, AST-1109911]; NASA-Fermi grant [NNX12A087G] FX We thank the anonymous referee for useful and constructive comments. We extend special thanks to Prof. C. Done of Durham University, UK, and Prof. R. W. Romani of Stanford University, USA, for useful comments during the course of this work. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation and data analysis from NASA and DOE (United States); CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France); ASI and INFN (Italy); MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan); and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. The Tuorla blazar monitoring program has been partially supported by the Academy of Finland grant 127740. The KAIT telescope program is supported by Katzman Foundation and the National Science Foundation. The CSS survey is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. The CRTS survey is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AST-0909182. The OVRO 40 m program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. The MOJAVE program is supported under NASA-Fermi grant NNX12A087G. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The NASA Swift gamma-ray burst explorer is a MIDEX Gamma Ray Burst mission led by NASA with participation of Italy and the UK. This research has made use of the Smithsonian/NASA's ADS bibliographic database. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC NED database (JPL CalTech and NASA, USA). This research has made use of the archives and services of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), a facility of the Italian Space Agency (ASI Headquarters, Rome, Italy). This research has made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASDC. This work is a product of the ASDC Fermi team developed in the frame of the INAF Senior Scientists project and the foreign visiting scientists program of ASDC. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 813 IS 2 AR L41 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/813/2/L41 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW5KT UT WOS:000365035000019 ER PT J AU Strader, J Chomiuk, L Cheung, CC Salinas, R Peacock, M AF Strader, Jay Chomiuk, Laura Cheung, C. C. Salinas, Ricardo Peacock, Mark TI OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HIGH-MASS gamma-RAY BINARY 1FGL J1018.6-5856: A PROBABLE NEUTRON STAR PRIMARY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries: spectroscopic; gamma-rays: general; pulsars: general; stars: individual (1FGL J1018.6-5856); X-rays: general ID EMISSION; SYSTEM AB We present medium-resolution optical spectroscopy with the SOAR telescope of the O star secondary of the highmass gamma-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856 to help determine whether the primary is a neutron star or black hole. We find that the secondary has a low radial velocity semi-amplitude of 11-12 km s(-1), with consistent values obtained for H and He absorption lines. This low value strongly favors a neutron star primary: while a black hole cannot be excluded if the system is close to face on, such inclinations are disallowed by the observed rotation of the secondary. We also find the high-energy (X-ray and gamma-ray) flux maxima occur when the star is behind the compact object along our line of sight, inconsistent with a simple model of anisotropic inverse Compton scattering for the gamma-ray photons. C1 [Strader, Jay; Chomiuk, Laura; Peacock, Mark] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Salinas, Ricardo] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Strader, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NASA [NNX15AU83G, DPR S-15633-Y] FX We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved the paper. Based on observations obtained at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is a joint project of the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, e Inovacao (MCTI) da Republica Federativa do Brasil, the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), and Michigan State University (MSU). Support from NASA grant NNX15AU83G is gratefully acknowledged. Work by C.C.C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 813 IS 2 AR L26 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/813/2/L26 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW5KT UT WOS:000365035000004 ER PT J AU Trofimov, IE Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Merritt, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Le, LT AF Trofimov, I. E. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Le, L. T. TI Interband cascade lasers with long lifetimes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RELIABILITY; OPERATION; DIODE AB Narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers were subjected to accelerated aging. The aging curves were statistically evaluated by a log-normal distribution of the failure time, and by the mixed effects of the degradation parameters. Based on 10,000 h of output power trend data for lasers operating at 90 degrees C and the maximum cw power, an unexpectedly long lifetime is predicted. The projected lifetimes range from about 500,000 h (57 years) for the linear degradation model to 183,000 h (21 years) for the exponential one. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Trofimov, I. E.] AKELA Laser Corp, Jamesburg, NJ 08831 USA. [Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Le, L. T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Trofimov, IE (reprint author), AKELA Laser Corp, Jamesburg, NJ 08831 USA. EM Igor.Trofimov@akelalaser.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 32 BP 9441 EP 9445 DI 10.1364/AO.54.009441 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7MC UT WOS:000364456300011 PM 26560770 ER PT J AU Giusca, CE Panchal, V Munz, M Wheeler, VD Nyakiti, LO Myers-Ward, RL Gaskill, DK Kazakova, O AF Giusca, Cristina E. Panchal, Vishal Munz, Martin Wheeler, Virginia D. Nyakiti, Luke O. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Gaskill, D. Kurt Kazakova, Olga TI Water Affinity to Epitaxial Graphene: The Impact of Layer Thickness SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE controlled environments; epitaxial graphene; graphene; sensors; surface potential; water adsorption ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION; MOLECULES; SUBSTRATE; DOMAINS; DEVICES; SENSORS; AIR AB The sensitivity to water vapour of one-, two-, and three-layer epitaxial graphene (1, 2, and 3LG) is examined in this study. It is unambiguously shown that graphene's response to water, as measured by changes in work function and carrier density, is dependent on its thickness, with 1LG being the most sensitive to water adsorption and environmental concentration changes. This is furthermore substantiated by surface adhesion measurements, which bring evidence that 1LG is less hydrophobic than 2LG. Yet, surprisingly, it is found that other contaminants commonly present in ambient air have a greater impact on graphene response than water vapor alone. This study indicates that graphene sensor design and calibration to minimize or discriminate the effect of the ambient, in which it is intended to operate, are necessary to insure the desired sensitivity and reliability of sensors. The present work will aid in developing models for realistic graphene sensors and establishing protocols for molecular sensor design and development. C1 [Giusca, Cristina E.; Panchal, Vishal; Munz, Martin; Kazakova, Olga] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wheeler, Virginia D.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Giusca, CE (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM cristina.giusca@npl.co.uk RI Munz, Martin/B-5451-2010; OI Munz, Martin/0000-0002-2067-0760; Panchal, Vishal/0000-0003-3954-8535 FU NMS [CNECT-ICT-604391]; Office of Naval Research FX The work was supported by the NMS under IRD Graphene Project, Graphene Flagship (No. CNECT-ICT-604391). Work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2196-7350 J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 16 AR 1500252 DI 10.1002/admi.201500252 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DB0VC UT WOS:000368224600006 ER PT J AU Baranov, DG Edgar, JH Hoffman, T Bassim, N Caldwell, JD AF Baranov, D. G. Edgar, J. H. Hoffman, Tim Bassim, Nabil Caldwell, Joshua D. TI Perfect interferenceless absorption at infrared frequencies by a van der Waals crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; NATURAL HYPERBOLIC MATERIAL; INTERFEROMETRIC CONTROL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHONON-POLARITONS; LIGHT; GRAPHENE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; METAMATERIALS; NANOPARTICLE AB Traditionally, efforts to achieve perfect absorption have required the use of complicated metamaterial-based structures as well as relying on destructive interference to eliminate back reflections. Here, we have demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that such perfect absorption can be achieved using a naturally occurring material, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) due to its high optical anisotropy without the requirement of interference effects to absorb the incident field. This effect was observed for p-polarized light within the mid-infrared spectral range, and we provide the full theory describing the origin of the perfect absorption as well as the methodology for achieving this effect with other materials. Furthermore, while this is reported for the uniaxial crystal hBN, this is equally applicable to biaxial crystals and more complicated crystal structures. Interferenceless absorption is of fundamental interest to the field of optics; moreover, such materials may provide additional layers of flexibility in the design of frequency selective surfaces, absorbing coatings, and sensing devices operating in the infrared. C1 [Baranov, D. G.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. [Baranov, D. G.] All Russia Res Inst Automat, Moscow 127055, Russia. [Edgar, J. H.; Hoffman, Tim] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bassim, Nabil; Caldwell, Joshua D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Baranov, DG (reprint author), Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, 9 Inst Per, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. EM denis.baranov@phystech.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Baranov, Denis/0000-0002-8071-1587 FU RFBR project [13-07-92660]; Dynasty Foundation; Office of Naval Research; Department of Homeland Security; II-VI Foundation FX D.G.B. acknowledges funding provided by RFBR project No 13-07-92660 and Dynasty Foundation. Funding for J.D.C. and N.D.B. was provided by the Office of Naval Research and administered by the Nanoscience Institute of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. J.H.E and T.H. greatly appreciate the support of the Department of Homeland Security and the II-VI Foundation. NRL coauthors would like to express their thanks to Blake Simpkins for assistance with the angle-resolved FTIR experimental setup. D.G.B. would like to thank A. P. Vinogradov and C. R. Simovski for stimulating discussion. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 52 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 9 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 20 AR 201405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.201405 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CV6UY UT WOS:000364408000005 ER PT J AU Bougher, S Jakosky, B Halekas, J Grebowsky, J Luhmann, J Mahaffy, P Connerney, J Eparvier, F Ergun, R Larson, D McFadden, J Mitchell, D Schneider, N Zurek, R Mazelle, C Andersson, L Andrews, D Baird, D Baker, DN Bell, JM Benna, M Brain, D Chaffin, M Chamberlin, P Chaufray, JY Clarke, J Collinson, G Combi, M Crary, F Cravens, T Crismani, M Curry, S Curtis, D Deighan, J Delory, G Dewey, R DiBraccio, G Dong, C Dong, Y Dunn, P Elrod, M England, S Eriksson, A Espley, J Evans, S Fang, X Fillingim, M Fortier, K Fowler, CM Fox, J Groller, H Guzewich, S Hara, T Harada, Y Holsclaw, G Jain, SK Jolitz, R Leblanc, F Lee, CO Lee, Y Lefevre, F Lillis, R Livi, R Lo, D Ma, Y Mayyasi, M McClintock, W McEnulty, T Modolo, R Montmessin, F Morooka, M Nagy, A Olsen, K Peterson, W Rahmati, A Ruhunusiri, S Russell, CT Sakai, S Sauvaud, JA Seki, K Steckiewicz, M Stevens, M Stewart, AIF Stiepen, A Stone, S Tenishev, V Thiemann, E Tolson, R Toublanc, D Vogt, M Weber, T Withers, P Woods, T Yelle, R AF Bougher, S. Jakosky, B. Halekas, J. Grebowsky, J. Luhmann, J. Mahaffy, P. Connerney, J. Eparvier, F. Ergun, R. Larson, D. McFadden, J. Mitchell, D. Schneider, N. Zurek, R. Mazelle, C. Andersson, L. Andrews, D. Baird, D. Baker, D. N. Bell, J. M. Benna, M. Brain, D. Chaffin, M. Chamberlin, P. Chaufray, J. -Y. Clarke, J. Collinson, G. Combi, M. Crary, F. Cravens, T. Crismani, M. Curry, S. Curtis, D. Deighan, J. Delory, G. Dewey, R. DiBraccio, G. Dong, C. Dong, Y. Dunn, P. Elrod, M. England, S. Eriksson, A. Espley, J. Evans, S. Fang, X. Fillingim, M. Fortier, K. Fowler, C. M. Fox, J. Groeller, H. Guzewich, S. Hara, T. Harada, Y. Holsclaw, G. Jain, S. K. Jolitz, R. Leblanc, F. Lee, C. O. Lee, Y. Lefevre, F. Lillis, R. Livi, R. Lo, D. Ma, Y. Mayyasi, M. McClintock, W. McEnulty, T. Modolo, R. Montmessin, F. Morooka, M. Nagy, A. Olsen, K. Peterson, W. Rahmati, A. Ruhunusiri, S. Russell, C. T. Sakai, S. Sauvaud, J. -A. Seki, K. Steckiewicz, M. Stevens, M. Stewart, A. I. F. Stiepen, A. Stone, S. Tenishev, V. Thiemann, E. Tolson, R. Toublanc, D. Vogt, M. Weber, T. Withers, P. Woods, T. Yelle, R. TI Early MAVEN Deep Dip campaign reveals thermosphere and ionosphere variability SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; MARS; VENUS AB The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, during the second of its Deep Dip campaigns, made comprehensive measurements of martian thermosphere and ionosphere composition, structure, and variability at altitudes down to similar to 130 kilometers in the subsolar region. This altitude range contains the diffusively separated upper atmosphere just above the well-mixed atmosphere, the layer of peak extreme ultraviolet heating and primary reservoir for atmospheric escape. In situ measurements of the upper atmosphere reveal previously unmeasured populations of neutral and charged particles, the homopause altitude at approximately 130 kilometers, and an unexpected level of variability both on an orbit-to-orbit basis and within individual orbits. These observations help constrain volatile escape processes controlled by thermosphere and ionosphere structure and variability. C1 [Bougher, S.; Combi, M.; Dong, C.; Lee, Y.; Nagy, A.; Olsen, K.; Tenishev, V.] Univ Michigan, CLaSP Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jakosky, B.; Eparvier, F.; Ergun, R.; Schneider, N.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D. N.; Brain, D.; Chaffin, M.; Crary, F.; Crismani, M.; Deighan, J.; Dewey, R.; Dong, Y.; Fang, X.; Fortier, K.; Fowler, C. M.; Holsclaw, G.; Jain, S. K.; McClintock, W.; McEnulty, T.; Morooka, M.; Peterson, W.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Stiepen, A.; Thiemann, E.; Weber, T.; Woods, T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halekas, J.; Ruhunusiri, S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Grebowsky, J.; Mahaffy, P.; Connerney, J.; Benna, M.; Chamberlin, P.; Collinson, G.; DiBraccio, G.; Elrod, M.; Espley, J.; Guzewich, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luhmann, J.; Larson, D.; McFadden, J.; Mitchell, D.; Curry, S.; Curtis, D.; Delory, G.; Dunn, P.; England, S.; Fillingim, M.; Hara, T.; Harada, Y.; Jolitz, R.; Lee, C. O.; Lillis, R.; Livi, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zurek, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mazelle, C.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Steckiewicz, M.; Toublanc, D.] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France. [Mazelle, C.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Steckiewicz, M.; Toublanc, D.] Univ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. [Andrews, D.; Eriksson, A.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. [Baird, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bell, J. M.; Tolson, R.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Chaufray, J. -Y.; Leblanc, F.; Lefevre, F.; Modolo, R.; Montmessin, F.] CNRS, Observat Spatiales, Milieux, Lab Atmospheres, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Clarke, J.; Mayyasi, M.; Vogt, M.; Withers, P.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cravens, T.; Rahmati, A.; Sakai, S.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Fox, J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Fairborn, OH USA. [Groeller, H.; Lo, D.; Stone, S.; Yelle, R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ma, Y.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Seki, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Stevens, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bougher, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CLaSP Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bougher@umich.edu RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; Fang, Xiaohua/C-2773-2008; Andrews, David/B-2591-2009; Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; Dong, Chuanfei/E-6485-2010; Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012; Lillis, Robert/A-3281-2008; Ma, Yingjuan/B-4895-2017; Stone, Shane/C-4662-2017; Vogt, Marissa/C-6237-2014; OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; Fang, Xiaohua/0000-0002-6584-2837; Andrews, David/0000-0002-7933-0322; Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Dong, Chuanfei/0000-0002-8990-094X; Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Lillis, Robert/0000-0003-0578-517X; Ma, Yingjuan/0000-0003-2584-7091; Stone, Shane/0000-0002-7290-2412; Vogt, Marissa/0000-0003-4885-8615; Sakai, Shotaro/0000-0001-9135-2076; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326; Guzewich, Scott/0000-0003-1149-7385; Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District [1630]; NASA Postdoctoral Program appointment at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA through the Mars Exploration Program FX The MAVEN Deep Dip 2 data sets reported in the paper are archived on the public version of the MAVEN Science Data Center (SDC) website, at the LASP url (https://lasp.colorado.edu/maven/sdc/public/) and on the Planetary Data System (PDS). Datacubes from three-dimensional model simulations reported in this paper are also available on the public MAVEN SDC website at https://lasp.colorado.edu/maven/sdc/public/pages/models.html. This work was partially supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales for the part based on observations with the SWEA instrument embarked on Maven. Part of this research was also carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A. Stiepen was supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Rotary District 1630. G. DiBraccio was supported by a NASA Postdoctoral Program appointment at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The MAVEN project is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6261 AR aad0459 DI 10.1126/science.aad0459 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV3MH UT WOS:000364162800004 PM 26542579 ER PT J AU Jakosky, BM Grebowsky, JM Luhmann, JG Connerney, J Eparvier, F Ergun, R Halekas, J Larson, D Mahaffy, P McFadden, J Mitchell, DF Schneider, N Zurek, R Bougher, S Brain, D Ma, YJ Mazelle, C Andersson, L Andrews, D Baird, D Baker, D Bell, JM Benna, M Chaffin, M Chamberlin, P Chaufray, YY Clarke, J Collinson, G Combi, M Crary, F Cravens, T Crismani, M Curry, S Curtis, D Deighan, J Delory, G Dewey, R DiBraccio, G Dong, C Dong, Y Dunn, P Elrod, M England, S Eriksson, A Espley, J Evans, S Fang, X Fillingim, M Fortier, K Fowler, CM Fox, J Groller, H Guzewich, S Hara, T Harada, Y Holsclaw, G Jain, SK Jolitz, R Leblanc, F Lee, CO Lee, Y Lefevre, F Lillis, R Livi, R Lo, D Mayyasi, M McClintock, W McEnulty, T Modolo, R Montmessin, F Morooka, M Nagy, A Olsen, K Peterson, W Rahmati, A Ruhunusiri, S Russell, CT Sakai, S Sauvaud, JA Seki, K Steckiewicz, M Stevens, M Stewart, AIF Stiepen, A Stone, S Tenishev, V Thiemann, E Tolson, R Toublanc, D Vogt, M Weber, T Withers, P Woods, T Yelle, R AF Jakosky, B. M. Grebowsky, J. M. Luhmann, J. G. Connerney, J. Eparvier, F. Ergun, R. Halekas, J. Larson, D. Mahaffy, P. McFadden, J. Mitchell, D. F. Schneider, N. Zurek, R. Bougher, S. Brain, D. Ma, Y. J. Mazelle, C. Andersson, L. Andrews, D. Baird, D. Baker, D. Bell, J. M. Benna, M. Chaffin, M. Chamberlin, P. Chaufray, Y. -Y. Clarke, J. Collinson, G. Combi, M. Crary, F. Cravens, T. Crismani, M. Curry, S. Curtis, D. Deighan, J. Delory, G. Dewey, R. DiBraccio, G. Dong, C. Dong, Y. Dunn, P. Elrod, M. England, S. Eriksson, A. Espley, J. Evans, S. Fang, X. Fillingim, M. Fortier, K. Fowler, C. M. Fox, J. Groeller, H. Guzewich, S. Hara, T. Harada, Y. Holsclaw, G. Jain, S. K. Jolitz, R. Leblanc, F. Lee, C. O. Lee, Y. Lefevre, F. Lillis, R. Livi, R. Lo, D. Mayyasi, M. McClintock, W. McEnulty, T. Modolo, R. Montmessin, F. Morooka, M. Nagy, A. Olsen, K. Peterson, W. Rahmati, A. Ruhunusiri, S. Russell, C. T. Sakai, S. Sauvaud, J. -A. Seki, K. Steckiewicz, M. Stevens, M. Stewart, A. I. F. Stiepen, A. Stone, S. Tenishev, V. Thiemann, E. Tolson, R. Toublanc, D. Vogt, M. Weber, T. Withers, P. Woods, T. Yelle, R. TI MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; ION ESCAPE RATE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; VENUS; EXPRESS; ALPHA; FIELD AB Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere. C1 [Jakosky, B. M.; Eparvier, F.; Ergun, R.; Schneider, N.; Brain, D.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D.; Chaffin, M.; Crary, F.; Crismani, M.; Deighan, J.; Dewey, R.; Dong, Y.; Fang, X.; Fortier, K.; Fowler, C. M.; Holsclaw, G.; Jain, S. K.; McClintock, W.; McEnulty, T.; Morooka, M.; Peterson, W.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Stiepen, A.; Thiemann, E.; Weber, T.; Woods, T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grebowsky, J. M.; Connerney, J.; Mahaffy, P.; Benna, M.; Chamberlin, P.; Collinson, G.; DiBraccio, G.; Elrod, M.; Espley, J.; Guzewich, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luhmann, J. G.; Larson, D.; McFadden, J.; Mitchell, D. F.; Curry, S.; Curtis, D.; Delory, G.; Dunn, P.; England, S.; Fillingim, M.; Hara, T.; Harada, Y.; Jolitz, R.; Lee, C. O.; Lillis, R.; Livi, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halekas, J.; Ruhunusiri, S.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Zurek, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bougher, S.; Combi, M.; Dong, C.; Lee, Y.; Nagy, A.; Olsen, K.; Tenishev, V.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ma, Y. J.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mazelle, C.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Steckiewicz, M.; Toublanc, D.] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Mazelle, C.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Steckiewicz, M.; Toublanc, D.] Univ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. [Andrews, D.; Eriksson, A.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. [Baird, D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Chaufray, Y. -Y.; Leblanc, F.; Lefevre, F.; Modolo, R.; Montmessin, F.] CNRS, Lab Atmospheres Milieux & Observat Spatiales, Paris, France. [Clarke, J.; Mayyasi, M.; Vogt, M.; Withers, P.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cravens, T.; Rahmati, A.; Sakai, S.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, S.] Computat Phys Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Fox, J.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Groeller, H.; Lo, D.; Stone, S.; Yelle, R.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Seki, K.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Stevens, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tolson, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bell, J. M.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Jakosky, BM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu RI Fang, Xiaohua/C-2773-2008; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; Dong, Chuanfei/E-6485-2010; Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Andrews, David/B-2591-2009; Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012; Lillis, Robert/A-3281-2008; Ma, Yingjuan/B-4895-2017; Stone, Shane/C-4662-2017; Vogt, Marissa/C-6237-2014; OI Fang, Xiaohua/0000-0002-6584-2837; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Dong, Chuanfei/0000-0002-8990-094X; Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Andrews, David/0000-0002-7933-0322; Lillis, Robert/0000-0003-0578-517X; Ma, Yingjuan/0000-0003-2584-7091; Stone, Shane/0000-0002-7290-2412; Vogt, Marissa/0000-0003-4885-8615; Sakai, Shotaro/0000-0001-9135-2076; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326; Guzewich, Scott/0000-0003-1149-7385; Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA through the Mars Exploration Program; Belgian American Educational Foundation FX The results presented here represent the work of hundreds of scientists and engineers who designed, built, and operated the spacecraft and instruments and carried out the scientific analyses. We are indebted to them beyond words. The MAVEN mission has been funded by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. Additional support was provided by CNES for the SWEA instrument and analysis, and by the Belgian American Educational Foundation. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. M. L. Mays and D. Odstrcil provided valuable analysis with the WSA-ENLIL+Cone model. Data from the MAVEN mission have been made available via the Planetary Data System (accessible via http://atmos.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/MAVEN/maven_mai n.html). NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6261 AR aad0210 DI 10.1126/science.aad0210 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV3MH UT WOS:000364162800001 PM 26542576 ER PT J AU Schneider, NM Deighan, JI Jain, SK Stiepen, A Stewart, AIF Larson, D Mitchell, DL Mazelle, C Lee, CO Lillis, RJ Evans, JS Brain, D Stevens, MH McClintock, WE Chaffin, MS Crismani, M Holsclaw, GM Lefevre, F Lo, DY Clarke, JT Montmessin, F Jakosky, BM AF Schneider, N. M. Deighan, J. I. Jain, S. K. Stiepen, A. Stewart, A. I. F. Larson, D. Mitchell, D. L. Mazelle, C. Lee, C. O. Lillis, R. J. Evans, J. S. Brain, D. Stevens, M. H. McClintock, W. E. Chaffin, M. S. Crismani, M. Holsclaw, G. M. Lefevre, F. Lo, D. Y. Clarke, J. T. Montmessin, F. Jakosky, B. M. TI Discovery of diffuse aurora on Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VENUS ULTRAVIOLET AURORA; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; NIGHTGLOW; SATELLITE; TRITON AB Planetary auroras reveal the complex interplay between an atmosphere and the surrounding plasma environment. We report the discovery of low-altitude, diffuse auroras spanning much of Mars' northern hemisphere, coincident with a solar energetic particle outburst. The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph, a remote sensing instrument on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, detected auroral emission in virtually all nightside observations for similar to 5 days, spanning nearly all geographic longitudes. Emission extended down to similar to 60 kilometer (km) altitude (1 microbar), deeper than confirmed at any other planet. Solar energetic particles were observed up to 200 kilo-electron volts; these particles are capable of penetrating down to the 60 km altitude. Given minimal magnetic fields over most of the planet, Mars is likely to exhibit auroras more globally than Earth. C1 [Schneider, N. M.; Deighan, J. I.; Jain, S. K.; Stiepen, A.; Stewart, A. I. F.; Brain, D.; McClintock, W. E.; Chaffin, M. S.; Crismani, M.; Holsclaw, G. M.; Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Larson, D.; Mitchell, D. L.; Lee, C. O.; Lillis, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mazelle, C.] CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Mazelle, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, IRAP, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Evans, J. S.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Stevens, M. H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lefevre, F.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Atmospheres, Milieux, Observat Spatiales, Guyancourt, France. [Lo, D. Y.; Montmessin, F.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clarke, J. T.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Schneider, NM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM nick.schneider@lasp.colorado.edu RI Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; Lillis, Robert/A-3281-2008; OI Lillis, Robert/0000-0003-0578-517X; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326; SCHNEIDER, NICHOLAS/0000-0001-6720-5519 FU NASA through the Mars Exploration Program; Belgian American Educational Foundation; Rotary District [1630]; NASA MAVEN Participating Scientist Program; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales FX The MAVEN mission is supported by NASA through the Mars Exploration Program. A.S. was supported by the Belgian American Educational Foundation and the Rotary District 1630. M.H.S. was supported by the NASA MAVEN Participating Scientist Program. This work was partially supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, for the part based on observations with the SWEA instrument. The IUVS data are publicly archived at the Planetary Atmospheres node of the Planetary Data System and can be identified by the file suffix v03_r01. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 2015 VL 350 IS 6261 AR aad0313 DI 10.1126/science.aad0313 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV3MH UT WOS:000364162800002 PM 26542577 ER PT J AU Sajjad, RN Tseng, F Habib, KMM Ghosh, AW AF Sajjad, Redwan N. Tseng, Frank Habib, K. M. Masum Ghosh, Avik W. TI Quantum transport at the Dirac point: Mapping out the minimum conductivity from pristine to disordered graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The phase space for graphene's minimum conductivity sigma(min) is mapped out using Landauer theory modified for scattering using Fermi's golden rule, as well as the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) simulation with a random distribution of impurity centers. The resulting "fan diagram" spans the range from ballistic to diffusive over varying aspect ratios (W/L), and bears several surprises. The device aspect ratio determines how much tunneling (between contacts) is allowed and becomes the dominant factor for the evolution of sigma(min) from ballistic to diffusive regime. We find an increasing (for W/L > 1) or decreasing (W/L < 1) trend in sigma(min) vs impurity density, all converging around 128q(2)/pi(3)h similar to 4q(2)/h at the dirty limit. In the diffusive limit, the conductivity quasisaturates due to the precise cancellation between the increase in conducting modes from charge puddles vs the reduction in average transmission from scattering at the Dirac point. In the clean ballistic limit, the calculated conductivity of the lowest mode shows a surprising absence of Fabry-Perot oscillations, unlike other materials including bilayer graphene. We argue that the lack of oscillations even at low temperature is a signature of Klein tunneling. C1 [Sajjad, Redwan N.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tseng, Frank] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Habib, K. M. Masum; Ghosh, Avik W.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Sajjad, RN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM redwansajjad@gmail.com FU NRI-INDEX center FX This work was financially supported by the NRI-INDEX center. The authors thank Eugene Kolomeisky (UVa) and Enrico Rossi (CWM) for useful discussions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 20 AR 205408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.205408 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CV3LE UT WOS:000364159900004 ER PT J AU Jain, N Antonsen, TM Palastro, JP AF Jain, Neeraj Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Palastro, J. P. TI Positron Acceleration by Plasma Wakefields Driven by a Hollow Electron Beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A scheme for positron plasma wakefield acceleration using hollow or donut-shaped electron driver beams is studied. An annular-shaped, electron-free region forms around the hollow driver beam, creating a favorable region (longitudinal field is accelerating and transverse field is focusing) for positron acceleration. For Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET)-like parameters, the hollow beam driver produces accelerating gradients on the order of 10 GV/m. The accelerating gradient increases linearly with the total charge in the driver beam. Simulations show acceleration of a 23-GeV positron beam to 35.4 GeV with a maximum energy spread of 0.4% and very small emittance over a plasma length of 140 cm is possible. C1 [Jain, Neeraj] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Palastro, J. P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Justus Von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DESC0007970] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DESC0007970. The work of N. J. and J. P. P. was done at the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 19 AR 195001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.195001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CV3MG UT WOS:000364162700007 PM 26588391 ER PT J AU Fletcher, MC Alexson, DM Moore, MM Prokes, SM Glembocki, O Vivoni, A McCoy, R Mishra, S Tandon, P Hosten, CM AF Fletcher, Melissa C. Alexson, Dimitri M. Moore, Martin M. Prokes, S. M. Glembocki, Orest Vivoni, Alberto McCoy, Rhonda Mishra, Soni Tandon, Poonam Hosten, Charles M. TI Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy, DFT and PED calculations of 4 ''-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4 '-di(phenyleneethynylene)benzene thiol adsorbed on silver SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE Oligo(phenyleneethynylene); SERS; TERS; Molecular electronics ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; SINGLE MOLECULES; SURFACE; SCATTERING; GOLD; SERS; NANOPARTICLES; STABILITY AB Monolayers of alpha,omega-dithiol oligo(phenyleneethynlene) molecules are critical to the field of molecular electronics because of their abilities to form bonds with many metallic surfaces and rectify current. In this study Fourier Transformation-Raman, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) were used to characterize a selectively oriented self-assembled monolayer of 4 ''-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4'-bis-(phenyleneethynylene)benzenethiol (OPE') on silver coated nanospheres. Selective orientation was achieved by synthesizing 4 '-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4'-bis-(phenyleneethynylene)benzene disulfide, which undergoes oxidative dissociation and covalently bonds to the metal surface. The Ag coated nanosphere surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed a large area of surface charging. The SERS and TERS spectra show similar results; however, a greater enhancement was achieved with the TERS relative to the SERS spectra. Assignments of vibrational bands were based on DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP level with good agreement between theoretical and experimental values. An average percent difference of 2.5 cm(-1) was obtained for the non-CH stretching frequencies and a scaling factor was not applied to theoretically generated frequencies. A red shift of the nu(C-S) peak at 1087 cm(-1) was observed when OPE' was adsorbed on a Ag surface. Vibrations specific to the trimethylsilylethyl (TMSE) group were visible in the TERS spectra, and disappear upon deprotection. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Melissa C.; McCoy, Rhonda; Hosten, Charles M.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Vivoni, Alberto] Inter Amer Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, San German, PR 00683 USA. [Alexson, Dimitri M.; Prokes, S. M.; Glembocki, Orest] Naval Res Lab, Elect Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moore, Martin M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mishra, Soni; Tandon, Poonam] Univ Lucknow, Dept Phys, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Hosten, CM (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM chosten@howard.edu OI Mishra, Soni/0000-0003-3511-8319 FU NSF/CREST Center for Nanomaterials Characterization Science and Processing Technology [0317607]; NSF AGEP/Bridge FX This work was funded with support from NSF/CREST Center for Nanomaterials Characterization Science and Processing Technology, Grant No.0317607. C. H. would like to acknowledge the ASEE/Summer Research Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. M.F. would like to thank the NSF AGEP/Bridge to the Doctorate Program for financial support. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 EI 1872-8014 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 5 PY 2015 VL 1099 BP 534 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.07.006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CQ8PJ UT WOS:000360870400066 ER PT J AU Mohammadpour, G Montes-Hugo, MA Stavn, R Gagne, JP Larouche, P AF Mohammadpour, Gholamreza Montes-Hugo, Martin A. Stavn, Robert Gagne, Jean-Pierre Larouche, Pierre TI Particle Composition Effects on MERIS-Derived SPM: A Case Study in the Saint Lawrence Estuary SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; ST-LAWRENCE; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; COASTAL WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROSS-SECTIONS; SIZE; REFLECTANCE; ATTENUATION AB An empirical optical model for estimating the concentration of suspended particulate matter (C-SPM) was developed in the upper part of the Saint Lawrence Estuary based on remote sensing reflectance (R-rs) measurements corresponding to medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) spectral channels 7 and 9 (i.e., wavelengths centered at 665 and 708nm, respectively). Sensitivity of C-SPM estimates to changes in mineral content of suspended particulates was investigated based on simulated R-rs values. For June 2012 measurements, C-SPM varied with R-rs(708/R-rs(665) values following a power-type relationship (y = 235.7 x(8.321), r(2) = 0.7, N = 10). In addition, numerical experiments and analysis of regression type II showed that exponent parameter of this biogeo-optical model decreased as suspended particulates become more enriched in organic matter. ResumeUn modele optique empirique pour estimer la concentration de particules en suspension (C-SPM) a ete developpe dans la partie superieure du l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent, base de reflectance (R-rs) mesurees par teledetection correspondant a aux canaux spectraux 7 et 9 (centrees sur des longueur d'onde de 665 et 708nm, respectivement) du capteur MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer). La sensibilite de C-SPM au changement du contenu en mineraux des particules suspendues a ete examinee en utilisant des valeurs simulees de R-rs. Pour les mesures de juin 2012, les valeurs observees de R-rs(708/R-rs(665) en fonction de C-SPM peuvent etre modelisee par une relation de type puissance (y = 235.7 x(8.321), r(2) = 0.7, N = 10). De plus, des simulations numeriques et une analyse de regression de type II revelent que le parametre exposant de ce modele biogeo-optique diminue lorsque les particules en suspension deviennent plus riches en matiere organique. C1 [Mohammadpour, Gholamreza; Montes-Hugo, Martin A.; Gagne, Jean-Pierre] Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer Rimouski, 310 Allee Ursulines,Off P-216, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Stavn, Robert] John C Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Stavn, Robert] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Larouche, Pierre] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Montes-Hugo, MA (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer Rimouski, 310 Allee Ursulines,Off P-216, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. EM martinalejandro_montes@uqar.ca FU project OSPLE (Optical Remote Sensing models for Estimating Suspended Particulate matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary) by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by the project OSPLE (Optical Remote Sensing models for Estimating Suspended Particulate matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary) awarded to Martin Montes-Hugo by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 EI 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 41 IS 6 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1080/07038992.2015.1110012 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DE1PD UT WOS:000370398000002 ER PT J AU Oh, S Jung, Y Mastro, MA Hite, JK Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Oh, Sooyeoun Jung, Younghun Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Development of solar-blind photodetectors based on Si-implanted beta-Ga2O3 SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GALLIUM OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILM; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; DETECTORS; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH AB beta-Ga2O3 films grown on Al2O3 by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique were used to fabricate a solar-blind photodetector with a planar photoconductor structure. The crystal structure and quality of the beta-Ga2O3 films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Si ions were introduced into the beta-Ga2O3 thin films by ion implantation method and activated by an annealing process to form an Ohmic contact between the Ti/Au electrode and the beta-Ga2O3 film. The electrical conductivity of the beta-Ga2O3 films was greatly improved by the implantation and subsequent activation of the Si ions. The photoresponse properties of the photodetectors were investigated by analyzing the currentvoltage characteristics and the time-dependent photoresponse curves. The fabricated solar-blind photodetectors exhibited photoresponse to 254 nm wavelength, and blindness to 365 nm light, with a high spectral selectivity. (C)2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Oh, Sooyeoun; Jung, Younghun; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr FU New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy [20153030012110]; Office of Naval Research FX The research at Korea University was supported by the New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (No. 20153030012110). Research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 46 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 22 BP 28300 EP 28305 DI 10.1364/OE.23.028300 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7HJ UT WOS:000366578900021 PM 26561101 ER PT J AU Smolyaninova, VN Zander, K Gresock, T Jensen, C Prestigiacomo, JC Osofsky, MS Smolyaninov, II AF Smolyaninova, Vera N. Zander, Kathryn Gresock, Thomas Jensen, Christopher Prestigiacomo, Joseph C. Osofsky, M. S. Smolyaninov, Igor I. TI Using metamaterial nanoengineering to triple the superconducting critical temperature of bulk aluminum SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POLARITONS; FILMS AB Recent experiments have shown the viability of the metamaterial approach to dielectric response engineering for enhancing the transition temperature, T-c, of a superconductor. In this report, we demonstrate the use of Al2O3-coated aluminium nanoparticles to form the recently proposed epsilon near zero (ENZ) core-shell metamaterial superconductor with a T-c that is three times that of pure aluminium. IR reflectivity measurements confirm the predicted metamaterial modification of the dielectric function thus demonstrating the efficacy of the ENZ metamaterial approach to T-c engineering. The developed technology enables efficient nanofabrication of bulk aluminium-based metamaterial superconductors. These results open up numerous new possibilities of considerable Tc increase in other simple superconductors. C1 [Smolyaninova, Vera N.; Zander, Kathryn; Gresock, Thomas; Jensen, Christopher] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Prestigiacomo, Joseph C.; Osofsky, M. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smolyaninov, Igor I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smolyaninov, II (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM smoly@eng.umd.edu FU NSF [DMR-1104676] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant DMR-1104676. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15777 DI 10.1038/srep15777 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU9VF UT WOS:000363893500001 PM 26522015 ER PT J AU Hafez, M Mullins, C AF Hafez, Mohammed Mullins, Creighton TI The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Empirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article ID SUICIDE BOMBERS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; AL-QAEDA; TERRORISM; PARTICIPATION; RECRUITMENT; MOVEMENT; PATHWAYS; RELIGION; VIOLENCE AB Why and how do individuals residing in relatively peaceful and affluent Western societies come to embrace extremist ideologies that emanate from distant places? We summarize the most recent empirical literature on the causes and dynamics of radicalization, and evaluate the state of the art in the study of Islamist homegrown extremism in the West. We propose a theoretical synthesis based on four factors that come together to produce violent radicalization: personal and collective grievances, networks and interpersonal ties, political and religious ideologies, and enabling environments and support structures. We propose adopting a puzzle metaphor that represents a multifactor and contextualized approach to understanding how ordinary individuals transform into violent extremists. We concluded with three recommendations to strengthen the empirical foundations of radicalization studies. C1 [Hafez, Mohammed; Mullins, Creighton] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hafez, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mmhafez@nps.edu NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X EI 1521-0731 J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PD NOV 2 PY 2015 VL 38 IS 11 BP 958 EP 975 DI 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA CR1UN UT WOS:000361110700004 ER PT J AU Dozier, ME Porter, B Ayers, C AF Dozier, M. E. Porter, B. Ayers, C. TI AGE OF ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF HOARDING SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HOARDING DISORDER SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dozier, M. E.; Ayers, C.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Dozier, M. E.] SDSU UCSD Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. [Ayers, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Porter, B.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0016-9013 EI 1758-5341 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 SU 2 BP 599 EP 599 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA DJ5BV UT WOS:000374222702810 ER PT J AU Hallemeier, CL Zhang, P Pisansky, TM Hanks, GE McGowan, DG Roach, M Zeitzer, KL Firat, S Husain, SM D'Souza, DP Souhami, L Parliament, MB Rosenthal, SA Lukka, H Rotman, MZ Horwitz, EM Miles, E Sandler, HM AF Hallemeier, C. L. Zhang, P. Pisansky, T. M. Hanks, G. E. McGowan, D. G. Roach, M., III Zeitzer, K. L. Firat, S. Husain, S. M. D'Souza, D. P. Souhami, L. Parliament, M. B. Rosenthal, S. A. Lukka, H. Rotman, M. Z. Horwitz, E. M. Miles, E. Sandler, H. M. TI Nadir Prostate-Specific Antigen After Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression (AS) in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Short-term AS and Radiation Therapy: Pooled Analysis of Four NRG Oncology/RTOG Randomized Clinical Trials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology (ASTRO) CY OCT 18-21, 2015 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Hallemeier, C. L.; Pisansky, T. M.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Zhang, P.] NRG, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Hanks, G. E.; Horwitz, E. M.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [McGowan, D. G.; Parliament, M. B.] Alberta Hlth Serv, Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Roach, M., III] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Zeitzer, K. L.] Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Firat, S.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Husain, S. M.] Tom Baker Canc Clin, Calgary, AB, Canada. [D'Souza, D. P.] London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON, Canada. [Souhami, L.] McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Rosenthal, S. A.] Radiat Oncol Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Lukka, H.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Rotman, M. Z.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Miles, E.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Sandler, H. M.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 EI 1879-355X J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 93 IS 3 SU S MA 101 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DI0VL UT WOS:000373215301772 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, C. W. TI Absolute geostrophic velocity inverted from World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOAV13) with the P-vector method SO GEOSCIENCE DATA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE World ocean geostrophic velocity; WOA13; WOAV13; P-vector method; climatology ID SEA THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE; ISOPYCNIC-SURFACE; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; CIRCULATION AB The World Ocean Atlas-2013 (WOAV13) dataset comprises 3D global gridded climatological fields of absolute geostrophic velocity inverted from WOA13 temperature and salinity fields using the P-vector method. It provides a climatological velocity field that is dynamically compatible to the WOA13 (T, S) fields. The WOAV13 has the same spatial resolution and temporal variation (annual, monthly, seasonal) as WOA13 (T, S) fields, but does not cover the equatorial zone (5 degrees S-5 degrees N) due to the geostrophic balance being the theoretical basis for the P-vector inverse method. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, C. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict NOAP Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX The research presented in this paper was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-6060 J9 GEOSCI DATA J JI Geosci. Data J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 2 IS 2 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1002/gdj3.31 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3BF UT WOS:000371218000003 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Burden, DK Fears, KP Everett, RK Wahl, KJ AF De Gregorio, Bradley T. Stroud, Rhonda M. Burden, Daniel K. Fears, Kenan P. Everett, Richard K. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Shell Structure and Growth in the Base Plate of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite SO ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE barnacle; calcium carbonate; biomineralization; shell-substrate interface; biofouling ID TRANSMISSION X-RAY; BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; BIOMINERALIZATION; CEMENT; CACO3; TEM; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The base plate of the acorn barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (equivalent to Balanus amphitrite) is composed of hierarchically scaled, mutually aligned calcite grains, adhered to the substratum via layered cuticular tissue and protein. Acorn barnacles grow by expanding and lengthening their side plates, under which the cuticle is stretched, and adhesive proteins are secreted. In barnacles with mineralized base plates, such as A. amphitrite, a mineralization front follows behind, radially expanding the base plate at the periphery. In this study, we show that the new mineralization develops above the adhesion layers in a unique trilayered structure. Calcite crystallites in each of the layers have distinct sizes, varying from coarse-grained (>1 mu m across) in the upper layer, to fine-grained (similar to 1 mu m) in the middle layer, to nanoparticulate (similar to 40 nm) in the basal layer. The fine-grained crystallites dominate the growth front, comprising the bulk of the shell at the periphery, with later coarse grain development on the top of the base plate (toward the barnacle interior) and nanocrystalline calcite templating underneath in contact with the cuticle/protein layer. While the coarse-grained calcite on the upper surface contains a range of crystal orientations, the underlying fine-grained and nanocrystalline calcite are mutually oriented to within a few degrees of each other. Electron diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm that all of the crystallites are calcite, and metastable aragonite or amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phases are not observed. The complex morphology of the leading edge of the base plate suggests that crystallization initiates with the emplacement of mutually aligned fine-grained calcite, followed by the accumulation of coarser grains above and nucleation of highly oriented nanocrystalline grains below. C1 [De Gregorio, Bradley T.] Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St,Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Everett, Richard K.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burden, Daniel K.; Fears, Kenan P.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Everett, Richard K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP De Gregorio, BT (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St,Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM bradley.degregorio@nrl.navy.mil RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through NRL Base 6.1 Program; ONR Coatings Program; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship FX This project was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the NRL Base 6.1 Program and the ONR Coatings Program. D.K.B. was supported through a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2373-9878 J9 ACS BIOMATER SCI ENG JI ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1085 EP 1095 DI 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00191 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA DC6RY UT WOS:000369348500005 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Seven-Day Intensity and Intensity Spread Predictions for Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone intensity forecasts; tropical cyclone intensity spread predictions ID SITUATION-DEPENDENT INTENSITY; GUIDANCE AB Our weighted-analog intensity (WANI) technique for predicting western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity and with intensity spread guidance has been extended from five days to seven days. A perfect-prog approach that utilizes the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-tracks is adopted and the 10 best historical track analogs are selected from the 1945-2009 JTWC best-track file. A development sample from the 2000-2009 seasons is used to develop an intensity bias correction and an intensity spread calibration. Tests with an independent sample from the 2010-2014 seasons demonstrate that the intensity mean absolute errors and the correlation coefficients of the WANI forecast intensities with the verifying intensities essentially remain constant in the five-day to seven-day forecast interval. After calibration of the raw intensity spreads among the 10 historical analogs each 12 h, the uncertainty estimates about the WANI intensity forecasts also do not increase during the five-day to seven-day forecast intervals. The conclusion is that the seven-day WANI will provide intensity and intensity spread predictions of western North Pacific tropical cyclones with a similar performance as our five-day WANI technique. Examples of the performance for this seven-day WANI for westward-moving and northwestward-moving cyclones that make landfall, or for recurving storms that begin decay after rrecurvature over the ocean, demonstrate the value of constraining the intensities at the end of the WANI forecast. Less satisfactory WANI forecasts occur for rapid intensification, rapid decay, and for cyclones with extended periods of non-intensification. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.] Univ Colorado, Trauma Hlth Hazards Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung] Tamkang Univ, Dept Water Resources & Environm Engn, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Trauma Hlth Hazards Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM elsberrylr@comcast.net FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX This study has been supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s13143-015-0082-5 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB4UJ UT WOS:000368508800005 ER PT J AU Raghu, D Christodoulides, JA Delehanty, JB Byers, JM Raphael, MP AF Raghu, Deepa Christodoulides, Joseph A. Delehanty, James B. Byers, Jeff M. Raphael, Marc P. TI A Label-free Technique for the Spatio-temporal Imaging of Single Cell Secretions SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bioengineering; Issue 105; localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR); nanoplasmonics; cell communication; secretion; signaling; hybridoma; single cell ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; REAL-TIME; B-CELLS; BIOSENSOR; CYTOKINES; ASSAY; DNA; RESPONSES AB Inter-cellular communication is an integral part of a complex system that helps in maintaining basic cellular activities. As a result, the malfunctioning of such signaling can lead to many disorders. To understand cell-to-cell signaling, it is essential to study the spatial and temporal nature of the secreted molecules from the cell without disturbing the local environment. Various assays have been developed to study protein secretion, however, these methods are typically based on fluorescent probes which disrupt the relevant signaling pathways. To overcome this limitation, a label-free technique is required. In this paper, we describe the fabrication and application of a label-free localized surface plasmon resonance imaging (LSPRi) technology capable of detecting protein secretions from a single cell. The plasmonic nanostructures are lithographically patterned onto a standard glass coverslip and can be excited using visible light on commercially available light microscopes. Only a small fraction of the coverslip is covered by the nanostructures and hence this technique is well suited for combining common techniques such as fluorescence and bright-field imaging. A multidisciplinary approach is used in this protocol which incorporates sensor nanofabrication and subsequent biofunctionalization, binding kinetics characterization of ligand and analyte, the integration of the chip and live cells, and the analysis of the measured signal. As a whole, this technology enables a general label-free approach towards mapping cellular secretions and correlating them with the responses of nearby cells. C1 [Raghu, Deepa; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Byers, Jeff M.; Raphael, Marc P.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Delehanty, James B.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.raphael@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience; National Research Council Research Associateship Award FX We thank George Anderson for helpful comments and discussions. This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience and the National Research Council Research Associateship Award. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD NOV PY 2015 IS 105 AR e53120 DI 10.3791/53120 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB5SM UT WOS:000368573900026 ER PT J AU Yin, ZY Glaser, KJ Manduca, A Van Gompel, JJ Link, MJ Hughes, JD Romano, A Ehman, RL Huston, J AF Yin, Ziying Glaser, Kevin J. Manduca, Armando Van Gompel, Jamie J. Link, Michael J. Hughes, Joshua D. Romano, Anthony Ehman, Richard L. Huston, John, III TI Slip Interface Imaging Predicts Tumor-Brain Adhesion in Vestibular Schwannomas SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; MENINGIOMA; STIFFNESS; OUTCOMES; VISUALIZATION; RESECTION; CLEAVAGE; BEHAVIOR; SURGERY AB Purpose: To test the clinical feasibility and usefulness of slip interface imaging (SII) to identify and quantify the degree of tumor-brain adhesion in patients with vestibular schwannomas. Materials and Methods: With institutional review board approval and after obtaining written informed consent, SII examinations were performed in nine patients with vestibular schwannomas. During the SII acquisition, a low-amplitude mechanical vibration is applied to the head with a pillow-like device placed in the head coil and the resulting shear waves are imaged by using a phase-contrast pulse sequence with motion-encoding gradients synchronized with the applied vibration. Imaging was performed with a 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) system in less than 7 minutes. The acquired shear motion data were processed with two different algorithms (shear line analysis and calculation of octahedral shear strain [OSS]) to identify the degree of tumor-brain adhesion. Blinded to the SII results, neuro-surgeons qualitatively assessed tumor adhesion at the time of tumor resection. Standard T2-weighted, fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA), and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging were reviewed to identify the presence of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) clefts around the tumors. The performance of the use of the CSF cleft and SII to predict the degree of tumor adhesion was evaluated by using the k coefficient and McNemar test. Results: Among the nine patients, SII agreed with the intraoperative assessment of the degree of tumor adhesion in eight patients (88.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 57%, 98%), with four of four, three of three, and one of two cases correctly predicted as no adhesion, partial adhesion, and complete adhesion, respectively. However, the T2-weighted, FIESTA, and T2-weighted FLAIR images that used the CSF cleft sign to predict adhesion agreed with surgical findings in only four cases (44.4% [four of nine]; 95% CI: 19%, 73%). The k coefficients indicate good agreement (0.82 [95% CI: 0.5, 1]) for the SII prediction versus surgical findings, but only fair agreement (0.21 [95% CI: -0.21, 0.63]) between the CSF cleft prediction and surgical findings. However, the difference between the SII prediction and the CSF cleft prediction was not significant (P = .103; McNemar test), likely because of the small sample size in this study. Conclusion: SII can be used to predict the degree of tumor-brain adhesion of vestibular schwannomas and may provide a method to improve preoperative planning and determination of surgical risk in these patients. (C) RSNA, 2015 C1 [Yin, Ziying; Glaser, Kevin J.; Ehman, Richard L.; Huston, John, III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Manduca, Armando] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Van Gompel, Jamie J.; Link, Michael J.; Hughes, Joshua D.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Neurosurg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Romano, Anthony] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huston, J (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM jhuston@mayo.edu FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 EB001981] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant RO1 EB001981). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 2015 VL 277 IS 2 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1148/radiol.2015151075 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DB3TQ UT WOS:000368435100027 PM 26247776 ER PT J AU Bogart, D Chaudhary, L AF Bogart, Dan Chaudhary, Latika TI Off the rails: Is state ownership bad for productivity? SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Nationalization; State owned enterprises; India; Railways; Institutions ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PRIVATE OWNERSHIP; PRIVATIZATION; PERFORMANCE; ENTERPRISES; GOVERNMENT; EFFICIENCY; BENEFITS; RAILWAYS; INFRASTRUCTURE AB The performance of Indian railways in the nineteenth century provides a great context to study the effects of state ownership on productivity and other aspects of firm operations. We rely on a key feature of the institutional background whereby the colonial Government of India purchased a majority ownership stake in private railways at predetermined dates set by contracts negotiated decades before the companies came under state ownership. Controlling for individual railway fixed effects, year fixed effects, and railway-specific time trends, we find no evidence of a decline in TFP following state takeovers of private companies. Instead of reducing productivity, as the recent experiences with privatization would suggest, we find that the Government of India maintained productivity when it became the owner of railways. Government ownership influenced certain areas of operations such as the capital-labor ratio, but not others such as fares. Our results point to the conditions where state ownership is no worse than private ownership in terms of productivity. Journal of Comparative Economics 43 (4) (2015) 997-1013. UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Graduate School of Business and Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, United States. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Comparative Economic Studies. C1 [Bogart, Dan] UC Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chaudhary, L (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbogart@uci.edu; lhartman@nps.edu FU Center for Global Peace and Conflict Studies (UC Irvine); Lowe Institute of Political Economy; Hoover Institution FX We thank the Center for Global Peace and Conflict Studies (UC Irvine) and the Lowe Institute of Political Economy for funding. We also thank two anonymous referees and seminar participants at Yale University for comments. Latika Chaudhary was a Hoover National Fellow when part of this research was completed and thanks the Hoover Institution for support. Garrett Neiman, Shivani Pundir, Jennifer Ringoen, Nilopa Shah, and Sanjana Tandon provided able research assistance. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-5967 EI 1095-7227 J9 J COMP ECON JI J. Comp. Econ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 43 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/j.jce.2015.03.003 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA DB1YR UT WOS:000368305900010 ER PT J AU Holmes, JJ AF Holmes, John J. TI Past, Present, and Future of Underwater Sensor Arrays to Measure the Electromagnetic Field Signatures of Naval Vessels SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic sensor array; electromagnetic signatures; ship under-water electromagnetic fields AB The first underwater electromagnetic field sensor arrays were installed during World War II to measure and reduce the signatures of naval vessels and their associated susceptibility to actuating magnetic influence mines. Initially, inductive loops and high, permeability cored search coil sensors were installed beneath the seafloor, inside protective nonmagnetic tubes, to measure the magnetic signatures of ,of Ships, and to ,actively reduce them using a field cancellation technique called degaussing. Eventually, the sensor arrays were upgraded with triaxial magnetometers and, later with electric field sensors. The historical developments to improve the underwater electromagnetic measurement arrays from 1,940 to the present Will be along with a discussion of potential future innovations that might materialize. C1 [Holmes, John J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Holmes, JJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 7503,Bldg 80,9500 MacArthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM john.j.holmes@navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA DA8JD UT WOS:000368050000014 ER PT J AU Good, BL Simmons, SP Mirotznik, MS AF Good, Brandon L. Simmons, Shaun P. Mirotznik, Mark S. TI Design of Antireflection Grading Using Magneto-Dielectric Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antireflection; transformational electromagnetics ID ANTENNA; METAMATERIALS AB A number of practical application areas would benefit from the development of thin wideband antireflective (AR) surfaces. Here, we incorporate magnetic materials into AR gradings using two approaches. 1) We use the analytic approach demonstrated in a recent paper that details an optimal wideband AR design using a continuous one-dimensional (1-D) grading of dispersive dielectrics [1]. We extend the dispersive nonmagnetic equations in [1] to design perfect AR magneto-dielectric gradings. 2) We derive a spatial-coordinate transformation (SCT) approach that transforms the nonmagnetics solution to achieve a perfect AR magneto-dielectric grading. We find, in general, that the SCT method enables more realizable and flexible solutions. We detail a practical approach for realizing the magneto-dielectric gradings using subwavelength texturing (i.e., motheyemethod). Several numerical examples demonstrate the utility of this approach in realizing very thin, yet broadband, and AR designs. C1 [Good, Brandon L.; Simmons, Shaun P.] US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Mirotznik, Mark S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Good, BL (reprint author), US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM brandon.good@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 63 IS 11 BP 4811 EP 4817 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2477091 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DA3WI UT WOS:000367730500022 ER PT J AU Potter, H Smith, GB Snow, CM Dowgiallo, DJ Bobak, JP Anguelova, MD AF Potter, Henry Smith, Geoffrey B. Snow, Charlotte M. Dowgiallo, David J. Bobak, Justin P. Anguelova, Magdalena D. TI Whitecap lifetime stages from infrared imagery with implications for microwave radiometric measurements of whitecap fraction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCALE WAVE BREAKING; SEA FOAM; OCEANIC WHITECAPS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; IN-SITU; EMISSIVITY; SURFACE; REFLECTANCE; COVERAGE; VARIABILITY AB Quantifying active and residual whitecap fractions separately can improve parameterizations of air-sea fluxes associated with breaking waves. We use data from a multi-instrumental field campaign on Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) to simultaneously capture the signatures of active and residual whitecaps at visible, infrared (IR), and microwave wavelengths using, respectively, video camera, mid-IR camera, and a radiometer at 10 GHz. We present results from processing and analyzing IR images and correlating this information with radiometric time series of brightness temperature at horizontal and vertical polarizations T-BH and T-BV. The results provide evidence that breaking crests and decaying foam appear in mid-IR as bright and dark pixels clearly distinguishing active from residual whitecaps. We quantify the durations of whitecap lifetime stages from the IR images and identify their corresponding signatures in T-B time series. Results show that T-BH and T-BV vary in phase during the active and in antiphase during the residual whitecap stages. A methodology to distinguish active and residual whitecaps in radiometric time series without a priori IR information has been developed and verified with corresponding IR and video images. The method uses the degree of polarization P (the ratio between the sum and difference of T-BV and T-BH) to capture whitecaps as prominent spikes. The maximum and zero-crossing of the first derivative of P serve to identify the presence of active whitecaps, while the minimum of dP marks the transition from active to residual whitecap stage. The findings have implications for radiometric measurements of active and total whitecap fractions. C1 [Potter, Henry; Smith, Geoffrey B.; Dowgiallo, David J.; Bobak, Justin P.; Anguelova, Magdalena D.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Snow, Charlotte M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Potter, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM henry.potter.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI Potter, Henry/0000-0003-0142-107X FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); NRL [61153N WUs 4500]; Naval Research Laboratory; Naval Research Facilities Program at ONR; NRL Platform Support Program FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), NRL Program element 61153N WUs 4500. This research was performed while Henry Potter held an NRC Research Associateship award at The Naval Research Laboratory. We highly appreciate the funding support for our use of FLIP by Robert Schnoor via the Naval Research Facilities Program at ONR and by Joan Gardner and Edward Franchi via the NRL Platform Support Program. Captain William Gaines, FLIP program manager at Marine Physics Laboratory (MPL) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, was indispensable in organizing the field campaign. We appreciate Tom Golfinos, Officer-in-Charge for FLIP, and crew members Johnny, Dave, Frank, and Jerry for their hard work, endurance, and camaraderie. We would also like to thank George Trekas and his colleagues at the MPL Machine Shop for their expertise and skills in devising the instrument deployment on the FLIP booms. We would also like to thank all the other participants in the BREWEX experiment; while not explicitly part of this work, their help during the preparation and cruise was invaluable. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their careful reviews and valuable suggestions which strengthened the paper. Data used in this manuscript are available upon request, please contact the corresponding author. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 7521 EP 7537 DI 10.1002/2015JC011276 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DA3GZ UT WOS:000367686500024 ER PT J AU China, S Kulkarni, G Scarnato, BV Sharma, N Pekour, M Shilling, JE Wilson, J Zelenyuk, A Chand, D Liu, S Aiken, AC Dubey, M Laskin, A Zaveri, RA Mazzoleni, C AF China, Swarup Kulkarni, Gourihar Scarnato, Barbara V. Sharma, Noopur Pekour, Mikhail Shilling, John E. Wilson, Jacqueline Zelenyuk, Alla Chand, Duli Liu, Shang Aiken, Allison C. Dubey, Manvendra Laskin, Alexander Zaveri, Rahul A. Mazzoleni, Claudio TI Morphology of diesel soot residuals from supercooled water droplets and ice crystals: implications for optical properties SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE soot; morphology; ice cloud processing; optical properties; radiative forcing ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION; BLACK-CARBON; FLAME SOOT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; RADIATION BUDGET; MINERAL DUST; NUCLEATION; DEPENDENCE; MODEL AB Freshly emitted soot particles are fractal-like aggregates, but atmospheric processes often transform their morphology. Morphology of soot particles plays an important role in determining their optical properties, life cycle and hence their effect on Earth's radiative balance. However, little is known about the morphology of soot particles that participated in cold cloud processes. Here we report results from laboratory experiments that simulate cold cloud processing of diesel soot particles by allowing them to form supercooled droplets and ice crystals at -20 and -40 degrees C, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed that soot residuals from ice crystals were more compact (roundness similar to 0.55) than those from supercooled droplets (roundness similar to 0.45), while nascent soot particles were the least compact (roundness similar to 0.41). Optical simulations using the discrete dipole approximation showed that the more compact structure enhances soot single scattering albedo by a factor up to 1.4, thereby reducing the top-of-the-atmosphere direct radiative forcing by similar to 63%. These results underscore that climate models should consider the morphological evolution of soot particles due to cold cloud processing to improve the estimate of direct radiative forcing of soot. C1 [China, Swarup; Sharma, Noopur; Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Atmospher Sci Program, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [China, Swarup; Sharma, Noopur; Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kulkarni, Gourihar; Pekour, Mikhail; Shilling, John E.; Chand, Duli; Zaveri, Rahul A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Scarnato, Barbara V.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Wilson, Jacqueline; Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Phys & Anal, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liu, Shang; Aiken, Allison C.; Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Laskin, Alexander] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP China, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM schina@mtu.edu; cmazzoleni@mtu.edu RI Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Zaveri, Rahul/G-4076-2014; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011 OI Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651 FU US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research [DE-SC0010019]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1119164]; Research Initiation Grant from Department of Defense; NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship [NNX13AN68H]; US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric System Research Program [F265]; US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), Atmospheric System Research Program; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); DOE's OBER at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC0576RL01830] FX This work was funded by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (grant no DE-SC0010019), the US National Science Foundation grant (grant no AGS-1119164) and the Research Initiation Grant from Department of Defense. S China and C Mazzoleni acknowledge a NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship (grant no NNX13AN68H). We thank Owen P Mills for helping with the TEM work. BS would like to acknowledge Denis Richard for providing the aggregation code. MD, AA and SL acknowledge support by US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric System Research Program, F265 to LANL. GK, MP, JS, JW, AZ, DC, AL and RZ acknowledge support by US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), Atmospheric System Research Program. Support was also provided by the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's OBER at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC0576RL01830. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 10 IS 11 AR 114010 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ6ZO UT WOS:000367249900014 ER PT J AU Keuthan, LM Harrington, RJ Willey, JM AF Keuthan, Lynn M. Harrington, Robert J. Willey, Jefferson M. TI Exploiting Structure and Variable Dependency Modeling in Block-based Compressed Sensing Image Reconstruction in the Presence of Non-linear Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION; SCALE MIXTURES; NATURAL IMAGES; WAVELET DOMAIN; SUBSPACES; GAUSSIANS; UNION AB With the introduction of compressed sensing (CS) theory, investigation into exploiting sparseness and optimizing compressive sensing performance has ensued. Compressed sensing is highly applicable to images, which naturally have sparse representations. Improvements in the area of image denoising have resulted from the combination of highly-directional transforms with shrinkage and thresholding techniques along with imposition of a model to account for statistical properties of images. Using this approach, statistical modeling of dependencies in the transform domain is incorporated into high-performance and efficient state-of-the-art CS image reconstruction algorithms with highly-directional transforms incorporating redundancy and bivariate shrinkage and thresholding to further refine image reconstruction performance improvements. Additionally, hierarchical structural dependency modeling is incorporated to account for parent child coefficient relationships. These techniques exploit hierarchical structure and multiscale subbands of frequencies and orientation, exploiting dependencies across and within scales. Additionally, these techniques are incorporated with minimal additional CPU execution time into block-based CS (BCS) algorithms, which are known for their efficient and fast computation time. Experimental results show increased refinements of image reconstruction performance over current state-of-the-art image reconstruction algorithms, particularly at the higher CS ratios (lower sampling rates) of interest in compressed sensing. (C) 2015 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. C1 [Keuthan, Lynn M.; Harrington, Robert J.] George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Willey, Jefferson M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keuthan, LM (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM keuthan@gwu.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1062-3701 EI 1943-3522 J9 J IMAGING SCI TECHN JI J. Imaging Sci. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 59 IS 6 AR 060406 DI 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2015.59.6.060406 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CZ9NF UT WOS:000367423600007 ER PT J AU Fernando, HJS Pardyjak, ER Di Sabatino, S Chow, FK De Wekker, SFJ Hoch, SW Hacker, J Pace, JC Pratt, T Pu, Z Steenburgh, WJ Whiteman, CD Wang, Y Zajic, D Balsley, B Dimitrova, R Emmitt, GD Higgins, CW Hunt, JCR Knievel, JC Lawrence, D Liu, Y Nadeau, DF Kit, E Blomquist, BW Conry, P Coppersmith, RS Creegan, E Felton, M Grachev, A Gunawardena, N Hang, C Hocut, CM Huynh, G Jeglum, ME Jensen, D Kulandaivelu, V Lehner, M Leo, LS Liberzon, D Massey, JD McEnerney, K Pal, S Price, T Sghiatti, M Silver, Z Thompson, M Zhang, H Zsedrovits, T AF Fernando, H. J. S. Pardyjak, E. R. Di Sabatino, S. Chow, F. K. De Wekker, S. F. J. Hoch, S. W. Hacker, J. Pace, J. C. Pratt, T. Pu, Z. Steenburgh, W. J. Whiteman, C. D. Wang, Y. Zajic, D. Balsley, B. Dimitrova, R. Emmitt, G. D. Higgins, C. W. Hunt, J. C. R. Knievel, J. C. Lawrence, D. Liu, Y. Nadeau, D. F. Kit, E. Blomquist, B. W. Conry, P. Coppersmith, R. S. Creegan, E. Felton, M. Grachev, A. Gunawardena, N. Hang, C. Hocut, C. M. Huynh, G. Jeglum, M. E. Jensen, D. Kulandaivelu, V. Lehner, M. Leo, L. S. Liberzon, D. Massey, J. D. McEnerney, K. Pal, S. Price, T. Sghiatti, M. Silver, Z. Thompson, M. Zhang, H. Zsedrovits, T. TI THE MATERHORN Unraveling the Intricacies of Mountain Weather SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRONGLY STRATIFIED FLOW; COMPLEX TERRAIN; EVENING TRANSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DOPPLER LIDAR; HEAT-FLUX; PART I; MODEL C1 [Fernando, H. J. S.; Di Sabatino, S.; Pratt, T.; Dimitrova, R.; Hunt, J. C. R.; Kit, E.; Blomquist, B. W.; Conry, P.; Coppersmith, R. S.; Grachev, A.; Hocut, C. M.; Leo, L. S.; Liberzon, D.; McEnerney, K.; Silver, Z.; Thompson, M.; Zsedrovits, T.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Pardyjak, E. R.; Hoch, S. W.; Pu, Z.; Steenburgh, W. J.; Whiteman, C. D.; Gunawardena, N.; Hang, C.; Jeglum, M. E.; Jensen, D.; Kulandaivelu, V.; Lehner, M.; Massey, J. D.; Price, T.; Zhang, H.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Chow, F. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [De Wekker, S. F. J.; Pal, S.; Sghiatti, M.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Hacker, J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Hacker, J.; Knievel, J. C.; Liu, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pace, J. C.; Zajic, D.] US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Creegan, E.; Felton, M.; Huynh, G.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Balsley, B.; Lawrence, D.; Blomquist, B. W.; Grachev, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Emmitt, G. D.] Simpson Weather Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Higgins, C. W.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nadeau, D. F.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Kit, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Blomquist, B. W.; Grachev, A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Fernando, HJS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Environm Fluid Dynam Labs, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hfernand@nd.edu RI Zsedrovits, Tamas/D-1362-2016; Leo, Laura/J-9529-2013; OI Zsedrovits, Tamas/0000-0003-0768-1171; Leo, Laura/0000-0003-4103-6862; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU Office of Naval Research (MURI) Award [N00014-11-1-0709]; Army Research Office; Air Force Weather Agency; Research Office of University of Notre Dame; Research Office of University of Utah; Wayne and Diana Murdy Family Endowment at Notre Dame FX The MATERHORN Program was funded by the Office of Naval Research (MURI) Award N00014-11-1-0709 (Program Officers: Drs. Ronald Ferek and Daniel Eleuterio), with additional funding from the Army Research Office (Program Officers: Gordon Videen and Walter Bach), Air Force Weather Agency, Research Offices of University of Notre Dame and University of Utah, and Wayne and Diana Murdy Family Endowment at Notre Dame. MATERHORN-M gratefully acknowledges the DART team at NCAR, the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), High Performance Computing at UU, Center for Research Computing (CRC), and Engineering and Science Computing (ESC) at UND. The GIS rendition of Fig. 4 was skillfully prepared by Dott. Ing. Roberto Perrone, Territorial Planning Department of Province of Lecce, Italy. Without the invaluable support of Chris Fairall (ESRL/PSD, NOAA), Vanda Grubisic, and Steven Oncley (EOL, NCAR), James Doyle (Naval Research Laboratory), many DPG and U.S. government personnel, domestic, and international visitors, as well as a host of technical staff, the program could not have been a reality. Four referees provided invaluable comments that improved the paper substantially. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 96 IS 11 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00131.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3GQ UT WOS:000366992800001 ER PT J AU Capkun, G Dahlke, F Lahoz, R Nordstrom, B Tilson, HH Cutter, G Bischof, D Moore, A Simeone, J Fraeman, K Bancken, F Geissbuhler, Y Wagner, M Cohan, S AF Capkun, Gorana Dahlke, Frank Lahoz, Raquel Nordstrom, Beth Tilson, Hugh H. Cutter, Gary Bischof, Dorina Moore, Alan Simeone, Jason Fraeman, Kathy Bancken, Fabrice Geissbuehler, Yvonne Wagner, Michael Cohan, Stanley TI Mortality and comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with a population without multiple sclerosis: An observational study using the US Department of Defense administrative claims database SO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Multiple sclerosis; Comorbidities; Causes of death; Administrative claims ID CANCER-RISK; POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COHORT; CARE; SURVIVAL; CANADA; DEATH AB Background: Data are limited for mortality and comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: Compare mortality rates and event rates for comorbidities in MS (n=15,684) and non-MS (n=78,420) cohorts from the US Department of Defense (DOD) database. Methods: Comorbidities and all-cause mortality were assessed using the database. Causes of death (CoDs) were assessed through linkage with the National Death Index. Cohorts were compared using mortality (MRR) and event (ERR) rate ratios. Results: All-cause mortality was 2.9-fold higher in the MS versus non-MS cohort (MRR, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9, 2.7-3.2). Frequent CoDs in the MS versus non-MS cohort were infectious diseases (6.2, 4.2-9.4), diseases of the nervous (5.8, 3.7-9.0), respiratory (5.0, 3.9-6.4) and circulatory (2.1, 1.7-2.7) systems and suicide (2.6, 1.3-5.2). Comorbidities including sepsis (ERR, 95% Cl: 5.7, 5.1-6.3), ischemic stroke (3.8, 3.5-4.2), attempted suicide (2.4, 13-4.5) and ulcerative colitis (2.0, 1.7-2.3), were higher in the MS versus non-MS cohort. The rate of cancers was also higher in the MS versus the non-MS cohort, including lymphoproliferative disorders (2.2, 1.9-2.6) and melanoma (1.7, 1.4-2.0). Conclusions: Rates of mortality and several comorbidities are higher in the MS versus non-MS cohort. Early recognition and management of comorbidities may reduce premature mortality and improve quality of life in patients with MS. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Capkun, Gorana; Dahlke, Frank; Lahoz, Raquel; Bischof, Dorina; Moore, Alan; Bancken, Fabrice; Geissbuehler, Yvonne] Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. [Nordstrom, Beth; Simeone, Jason; Fraeman, Kathy] Evidera, Lexington, MA USA. [Tilson, Hugh H.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Cutter, Gary] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wagner, Michael] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Neurol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Cohan, Stanley] St Vincents Med Ctr, Providence Brain & Spine Inst, Portland, OR USA. RP Capkun, G (reprint author), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. EM gorana.capkun-niggli@novartis.com; frank.dahlke@novartis.com; raquel.lahoz@novartis.com; Beth.Nordstrom@evidera.com; htilson@email.unc.edu; cutterg@uab.edu; dorina.bischof@novartis.com; alan.moore@novartis.com; Jason.Simeone@evidera.com; Kathy.Fraeman@evidera.com; fabrice.bancken@novartis.com; yvonne.geissbuehler@novartis.com; Stanley.Cohan@providence.org FU Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland FX The authors take full responsibility for the content of the paper. The authors thank Dr. Anne-Marie Couto and Dr. Gemma Carter (Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd) for medical writing support, editorial assistance and collation and incorporation of comments from all authors (funded by Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland). NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2211-0348 EI 2211-0356 J9 MULT SCLER RELAT DIS JI Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 4 IS 6 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.005 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CZ2QL UT WOS:000366949600011 PM 26590661 ER PT J AU Raghukumar, K Edwards, CA Goebel, NL Broquet, G Veneziani, M Moore, AM Zehr, JP AF Raghukumar, Kaustubha Edwards, Christopher A. Goebel, Nicole L. Broquet, Gregoire Veneziani, Milena Moore, Andrew M. Zehr, Jon P. TI Impact of assimilating physical oceanographic data on modeled ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DIGITAL-FILTER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PART I; GULF; SEA; INITIALIZATION; REGION AB A method to model ocean ecosystems using data-constrained physical circulation estimates is investigated. Physical oceanographic data is assimilated into a Regional Ocean Modeling System implementation of the California Current System using an incremental 4-Dimensional Variational method. The resulting state estimate drives a complex, self-assembling ocean ecosystem model for the year 2003, and results are evaluated against SeaWiFS surface and CalCOFI subsurface observations and with ecosystem model output driven by an unconstrained physical model. While physical data assimilation improves correlation with observations, this method also drives elevated levels of phytoplankton standing stock, leading to a large bias particularly in regions of low mean concentration. We identify two causes for this increase: biological rectification of fluctuating vertical nutrient transport due to gravity wave generation at assimilation cycle initialization and increased nutrient variance on density surfaces. We investigate one and propose other possible remedies for these deleterious side-effects of this data assimilation method. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Raghukumar, Kaustubha; Edwards, Christopher A.; Goebel, Nicole L.; Broquet, Gregoire; Veneziani, Milena; Moore, Andrew M.; Zehr, Jon P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Raghukumar, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kraghuku@nps.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The authors are grateful to the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for grants supporting this research. SeaWiFS data provided by NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory, courtesy of NASA Godard Space Flight Center, Ocean Biology Products Group and Geoeye, Inc. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 SI SI BP 546 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.004 PN B PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CZ4XS UT WOS:000367107000016 ER PT J AU Kosseff, J AF Kosseff, Jeff TI A New Legal Framework for Online Anonymity: California's Privacy-Based Approach SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Kosseff, Jeff] US Naval Acad, Cybersecur Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kosseff, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Cybersecur Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kosseff@usna.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CY7BM UT WOS:000366562900012 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Schlundt, CE Brandt, L Finneran, JJ AF Mulsow, Jason Schlundt, Carolyn E. Brandt, Lacey Finneran, James J. TI Equal latency contours for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; REACTION-TIME PROCEDURE; LOUDNESS CONTOURS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; AMPHIBIOUS HEARING; PHOCA-VITULINA; UNDERWATER AB Loudness perception by non-human animals is difficult to study directly. Previous research efforts have instead focused on estimating loudness perception using simple reaction time (RT) data. These data are used to generate equal latency contours that serve as a proxy for equal loudness contours. To aid the design of auditory weighting functions for marine mammals, equal latency contours were generated using RT data for two marine mammal species that are representative of broader functional hearing groups: the bottlenose dolphin (under water) and California sea lion (in air). In all cases, median RT decreased with increasing tone sound pressure level (SPL). The equal latency contours corresponding to near-threshold SPLs were similar to audiograms for both species. The sea lion contours showed some compression at frequencies below 1 kHz; however, a similar pattern was not apparent in the more variable data for dolphins. Equal latency contours for SPLs greater than approximately 40 dB above threshold diverged from predicted equal loudness contours, likely due to the asymptotic nature of RT at the highest tested SPLs. The results suggest that auditory threshold data, potentially augmented with compression at low frequencies, may provide a useful way forward when designing auditory weighting functions for marine mammals. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Mulsow, Jason] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Schlundt, Carolyn E.] Exelis Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Brandt, Lacey] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jason.mulsow@nmmf.org FU U.S. Navy Living Marine Resources Program FX The authors wish to thank the animal care and training staff at the Navy Marine Mammal Program. Arial Brewer, Kimberly Bakhtiari, Kari Wickersham, Hitomi Aihara, Linda Green, Megan Tormey, Megan Sloan, Erik Robinson, Brian Branstetter, Randall Dear, and Jim Powell assisted in data collection. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly aided in the preparation of this manuscript. This project was funded by the U.S. Navy Living Marine Resources Program. This is Contribution 125 of the National Marine Mammal Foundation. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 IS 5 BP 2678 EP 2691 DI 10.1121/1.4932015 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CY3ON UT WOS:000366319200013 PM 26627745 ER PT J AU Craxton, RS Anderson, KS Boehly, TR Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Knauer, JP McCrory, RL McKenty, PW Meyerhofer, DD Myatt, JF Schmitt, AJ Sethian, JD Short, RW Skupsky, S Theobald, W Kruer, WL Tanaka, K Betti, R Collins, TJB Delettrez, JA Hu, SX Marozas, JA Maximov, AV Michel, DT Radha, PB Regan, SP Sangster, TC Seka, W Solodov, AA Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Zuegel, JD AF Craxton, R. S. Anderson, K. S. Boehly, T. R. Goncharov, V. N. Harding, D. R. Knauer, J. P. McCrory, R. L. McKenty, P. W. Meyerhofer, D. D. Myatt, J. F. Schmitt, A. J. Sethian, J. D. Short, R. W. Skupsky, S. Theobald, W. Kruer, W. L. Tanaka, K. Betti, R. Collins, T. J. B. Delettrez, J. A. Hu, S. X. Marozas, J. A. Maximov, A. V. Michel, D. T. Radha, P. B. Regan, S. P. Sangster, T. C. Seka, W. Solodov, A. A. Soures, J. M. Stoeckl, C. Zuegel, J. D. TI Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Review ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; IRRADIATED SPHERICAL TARGETS; 2-PLASMON DECAY INSTABILITY; POLAR-DIRECT-DRIVE; STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS AB The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser-plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 mu m-the third harmonic of the Nd: glass laser-and 0.248 mu m (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon-decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive-ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 mu m and 1/4 mu m. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Craxton, R. S.; Anderson, K. S.; Boehly, T. R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Harding, D. R.; Knauer, J. P.; McCrory, R. L.; McKenty, P. W.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Myatt, J. F.; Short, R. W.; Skupsky, S.; Theobald, W.; Betti, R.; Collins, T. J. B.; Delettrez, J. A.; Hu, S. X.; Marozas, J. A.; Maximov, A. V.; Michel, D. T.; Radha, P. B.; Regan, S. P.; Sangster, T. C.; Seka, W.; Solodov, A. A.; Soures, J. M.; Stoeckl, C.; Zuegel, J. D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Betti, R.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Betti, R.] Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Schmitt, A. J.; Sethian, J. D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kruer, W. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tanaka, K.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Elect Elect & Informat, Osaka, Japan. RP Craxton, RS (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818 FU Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA0001944]; University of Rochester; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; DOE FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number DE-NA0001944, the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. The support of the DOE does not constitute an endorsement by the DOE of the views expressed in this article. NR 914 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 41 U2 95 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2015 VL 22 IS 11 AR 110501 DI 10.1063/1.4934714 PG 153 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CX9VX UT WOS:000366054900001 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Crabtree, C Mithaiwala, M Rudakov, L Scales, W AF Ganguli, G. Crabtree, C. Mithaiwala, M. Rudakov, L. Scales, W. TI Evolution of lower hybrid turbulence in the ionosphere SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; TRANSVERSE; WAVES AB Three-dimensional evolution of the lower hybrid turbulence driven by a spatially localized ion ring beam perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field in space plasmas is analyzed. It is shown that the quasi-linear saturation model breaks down when the nonlinear rate of scattering by thermal electron is larger than linear damping rates, which can occur even for low wave amplitudes. The evolution is found to be essentially a three-dimensional phenomenon, which cannot be accurately explained by two-dimensional simulations. An important feature missed in previous studies of this phenomenon is the nonlinear conversion of electrostatic lower hybrid waves into electromagnetic whistler and magnetosonic waves and the consequent energy loss due to radiation from the source region. This can result in unique low-amplitude saturation with extended saturation time. It is shown that when the nonlinear effects are considered the net energy that can be permanently extracted from the ring beam is larger. The results are applied to anticipate the outcome of a planned experiment that will seed lower hybrid turbulence in the ionosphere and monitor its evolution. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ganguli, G.; Crabtree, C.; Mithaiwala, M.; Rudakov, L.; Scales, W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH15AZ90I] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory base program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH15AZ90I. Stimulating discussions with Dan Winske and Bill Daughton are gratefully acknowledged. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2015 VL 22 IS 11 AR 112904 DI 10.1063/1.4936281 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CX9VX UT WOS:000366054900052 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Angus, JR Cooperstein, G Ottinger, PF Richardson, AS Schumer, JW Weber, BV AF Swanekamp, S. B. Angus, J. R. Cooperstein, G. Ottinger, P. F. Richardson, A. S. Schumer, J. W. Weber, B. V. TI Particle-in-cell simulations of electron beam control using an inductive current divider SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE; FLOW; TRANSPORT; DIODES; VACUUM; IMPEDANCE AB Kinetic, time-dependent, electromagnetic, particle-in-cell simulations of the inductive current divider are presented. The inductive current divider is a passive method for controlling the trajectory of an intense, hollow electron beam using a vacuum structure that inductively splits the beam's return current. The current divider concept was proposed and studied theoretically in a previous publication [Swanekamp et al., Phys. Plasmas 22, 023107 (2015)]. A central post carries a portion of the return current (I1), while the outer conductor carries the remainder (I-2) with the injected beam current given by I-b = I-1 + I-2. The simulations are in agreement with the theory which predicts that the total force on the beam trajectory is proportional to (I-2 - I-1) and the force on the beam envelope is proportional to Ib. Independent control over both the current density and the beam angle at the target is possible by choosing the appropriate current-divider geometry. The root-mean-square (RMS) beam emittance (epsilon(RMS)) varies as the beam propagates through the current divider to the target. For applications where control of the beam trajectory is desired and the current density at the target is similar to the current density at the entrance foil, there is a modest 20% increase in epsilon(RMS) at the target. For other applications where the beam is pinched to a current density similar to 5 times larger at the target, epsilon(RMS) is 2-3 times larger at the target. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Swanekamp, S. B.; Angus, J. R.; Cooperstein, G.; Ottinger, P. F.; Richardson, A. S.; Schumer, J. W.; Weber, B. V.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ottinger, Paul/0000-0001-9901-7379 FU U.S. office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. office of Naval Research and Sandia National Laboratory, a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2015 VL 22 IS 11 AR 113108 DI 10.1063/1.4935893 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CX9VX UT WOS:000366054900060 ER PT J AU Hardy, MT Storm, DF Downey, BP Katzer, DS Meyer, DJ McConkie, TO Smith, DJ AF Hardy, Matthew T. Storm, David F. Downey, Brian P. Katzer, D. Scott Meyer, David J. McConkie, Thomas O. Smith, David J. TI Charge control in N-polar InAlN high-electron-mobility transistors grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURE; HEMTS AB N-polar InAlN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) have fundamental advantages relative to conventional Ga-polar AlGaN HEMTs for high frequency devices. An understanding of the epitaxial design space for controlling sheet carrier density (n(s)) and mobility (mu) is desirable to maximize power and frequency performance by improving breakdown voltage and reducing parasitic access resistance. In this work, the authors show that In0.17Al0.83N barrier thickness has a minimal impact on n(s) and mu, and an AlGaN cap layer decreases both n(s) and mu. Optimization of AlN and GaN interlayers can be used to maximize mu and set n(s) in the range of 1-3 x 10(13) cm(-2). The authors use this approach to demonstrate N-polar HEMTs grown on freestanding GaN substrates with sheet resistance Rs = 190 Omega/square and mu = 1400 cm(2) /V.s, leading to a maximum drain current density of 1.5 A/mm for HEMTs with a 5-mu m source-drain spacing and Pt-based Schottky gates. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Hardy, Matthew T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Storm, David F.; Downey, Brian P.; Katzer, D. Scott; Meyer, David J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McConkie, Thomas O.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hardy, MT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.hardy.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Task 261 [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX The authors thank Neil Green for his assistance with sample preparation. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under funding from P. Maki. M.T.H. was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. The electron microscopy studies at ASU were supported under contract to Wyle Laboratories as part of Reliability Information Analysis Center Contract No. HC1047-05-D-4005 under the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Task 261 (monitor: Chris Bozada). The authors (T.O.M. and D.J.S.) acknowledge the use of the facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 AR 061207 DI 10.1116/1.4935130 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CX9WE UT WOS:000366055600060 ER PT J AU Hossain, T Wei, DM Edgar, JH Garces, NY Nepal, N Hite, JK Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Meyer, HM AF Hossain, Tashfin Wei, Daming Edgar, James H. Garces, Nelson Y. Nepal, Neeraj Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Meyer, Harry M., III TI Effect of GaN surface treatment on Al2O3/n-GaN MOS capacitors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; VOLTAGE; OXIDATION; OXIDES; ALN AB The surface preparation for depositing Al2O3 for fabricating Au/Ni/Al2O3/n-GaN (0001) metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors was optimized as a step toward realization of high performance GaN MOSFETs. The GaN surface treatments studied included cleaning with piranha (H2O2:H2SO4 = 1:5), (NH4)(2)S, and 30% HF etches. By several metrics, the MOS capacitor with the piranha-etched GaN had the best characteristics. It had the lowest capacitance-voltage hysteresis, the smoothest Al2O3 surface as determined by atomic force microscopy (0.2nm surface roughness), the lowest carbon concentration (similar to 0.78%) at the Al2O3/n-GaN interface (from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and the lowest oxide-trap charge (Q(T) = 1.6 x 10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1)). Its interface trap density (D-it = 3.7 x 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1)), as measured with photon-assisted capacitance- voltage method, was the lowest from conduction band-edge to midgap. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Hossain, Tashfin; Wei, Daming; Edgar, James H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Garces, Nelson Y.; Nepal, Neeraj; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meyer, Harry M., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hossain, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM edgarjh@ksu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1160]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program FX The Office of Naval Research supported this project, Grant No. N00014-09-1-1160 (Paul Maki, the program manager). XPS was conducted through High Temperature Laboratory User Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. T. Hossain would like to acknowledge the support of Andrew Rys and Vikas Berry. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 18 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 AR 061201 DI 10.1116/1.4931793 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CX9WE UT WOS:000366055600054 ER PT J AU Good, BL Roper, DA Simmons, S Mirotznik, MS AF Good, Brandon L. Roper, David A., Jr. Simmons, Shaun Mirotznik, Mark S. TI Design and fabrication of microwave flat lenses using a novel dry powder dot deposition system SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE flat lens; multifunctional; composites AB We describe a new methodology for creating flat lenses operating in the microwave spectrum using a custom designed additive manufacturing system. This method utilizes a novel dry powder 3D printing system to achieve graded index lenses integrated within a structural composite. We also describe a new iterative dot patterning algorithm to achieve a desired graded dielectric distribution, and we compare the iterative dot patterning algorithm to other dot patterning techniques. Computational and experimental results are provided validating the design and fabrication process. C1 [Good, Brandon L.; Roper, David A., Jr.; Simmons, Shaun] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Mirotznik, Mark S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Good, BL (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM brandon.good@navy.mil; mirotzni@udel.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 24 IS 11 AR 115017 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/24/11/115017 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA CY0QU UT WOS:000366111400019 ER PT J AU Bargman, J Smith, K Werneke, J AF Bargman, Jonas Smith, Kip Werneke, Julia TI Quantifying drivers' comfort-zone and dread-zone boundaries in left turn across path/opposite direction (LTAP/OD) scenarios SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Safety margins; Comfort zone; Intersection safety; Left turn; ADAS; Active safety ID BEHAVIOR AB The aim of this study is to quantify drivers' comfort- and dread-zone boundaries in left-t urn-across-path/opposite-direction (LTAP/OD) scenarios. These scenarios account for a large fraction of traffic fatalities world-wide. The comfort zone is a dynamic spatiotemporal envelope surrounding the vehicle, within which drivers feel comfortable and safe. The dread zone, a novel concept, describes a zone with a smaller safety margin that drivers will not voluntarily enter, but can push themselves into when conditions provide additional motivation (e.g., when hurried). Quantifying comfort- and dread-zone boundaries in the context of turning left before or after an oncoming vehicle has the potential to inform and improve both the design and driver acceptance of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. Using a within-subject design, a test-track experiment was conducted with drivers turning an instrumented vehicle left across the path of an oncoming vehicle. The oncoming vehicle was a self-propelled full-sized computer-controlled balloon vehicle going straight at a constant speed (50 km/h). The driver assumed full control of the instrumented vehicle approximately 20 m before the intersection and had to make the decision to turn left before or after the oncoming balloon vehicle. There were two experimental conditions, comfortable driving and hurried driving. Measures for each turn included postencroachment time (PET), lateral acceleration, and self-reports of comfort and risk. Drivers consistently accepted shorter time gaps and higher lateral accelerations when hurried. We interpret these findings to suggest that drivers invoke two dynamic, contextuallydefined safety margins. The first is the comfort-zone boundary, a limit which drivers do not voluntarily cross without extra motives. The second is the dread-zone boundary, a more distant limit which drivers do not voluntarily cross even with extra motives. Grouping the responses (high/low) to the driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) improved the ability to predict the dread-zone boundary PET given the comfort-zone boundary PET. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Bargman, Jonas; Werneke, Julia] Chalmers, Dept Appl Mech, Div Vehicle Safety, Accid Prevent Grp, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Smith, Kip] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bargman, J (reprint author), Lindholmspiren 3, S-40278 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM jonas.bargman@chalmers.se; cssmit1@nps.edu; julia.werneke@chalmers.se FU Swedish funding agency VINNOVA; Driver Comfort Boundaries in Intersection Negotiation (DCBIN) project (Volvo Car Corporation); Driver Comfort Boundaries in Intersection Negotiation (DCBIN) project (Autoliv Development AB); Swedish Strategic Transport Funding FX This study was sponsored by the Swedish funding agency VINNOVA, the partners in the Driver Comfort Boundaries in Intersection Negotiation (DCBIN) project (Volvo Car Corporation and Autoliv Development AB), and the Swedish Strategic Transport Funding. We would like to thank the test track crew at Autoliv for their expertise in running the experiment, Regina Johansson, Christina Gullander, and Helen Herrera for support in the study execution, Sergejs Dombrovskis for support in post-processing of data, and Kristina Mayberry for language editing. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8478 EI 1873-5517 J9 TRANSPORT RES F-TRAF JI Transp. Res. Pt. F-Traffic Psychol. Behav. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 BP 170 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.trf.2015.10.003 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied; Transportation SC Psychology; Transportation GA CY0AF UT WOS:000366067300015 ER PT J AU Cramer, JA Hammond, MH Myers, KM Leska, IA Morris, RE AF Cramer, Jeffrey A. Hammond, Mark H. Myers, Kristina M. Leska, Iwona A. Morris, Robert E. TI Expanded Framework for the Prediction of Alternative Fuel Content and Alternative Fuel Blend Performance Properties Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Data SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; DIESEL; BIODIESEL; ALGORITHMS; SELECTION; GASOLINE; SPECTRA; SULFUR AB Partial least squares (PLS) regression models can be constructed from near infrared (NIR.) spectroscopic data to identify and predict critical Specification properties of jet and diesel fuels for quality surveillance prescreening. This same approach has also been used previously to identify Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels and fatty acid methyl ester fuels, predict their quantities in blends with jet and diesel petrochemical fuels, and even correct fuel property predictions when alternative fuel contents in blends would affect the predictions of the properties in question. The present work expands upon these previous results by incorporating several additional alternative fuel types into a more generalized alternative fuel content and property modeling framework than was developed previously : The framework consists of a single generalized PLS modeling solution to simultaneously accommodate multiple alternative fuels considered isoparaffinic in nature, as well as smaller scale Modeling solutions to accommodate individual alternative fuels that are not similarly isoparaffinic in nature. This expanded framework provides the means to allow NIR PLS models to predict and quantify alternative fuel contents in blends, and accurately predict affected fuel properties, in a robust fashion that, because of the use of more generalized modeling than has been seen in previous Work, better accommodates a future of unknown and unknowable alternative fuel types. C1 [Cramer, Jeffrey A.; Hammond, Mark H.; Morris, Robert E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers, Kristina M.; Leska, Iwona A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Cramer, JA (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.cramer@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA Energy) FX The authors wish to thank the Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA Energy) for supporting this work, and Joel Schmitigal (Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC)) for providing additional analytical fuel data. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2015 VL 29 IS 11 BP 7026 EP 7035 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01660 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CX1NH UT WOS:000365462400018 ER PT J AU Dumitrescu, CE Polonowski, CJ Fisher, BT Lilik, GK Mueller, CJ AF Dumitrescu, Cosmin E. Polonowski, Christopher J. Fisher, Brian T. Lilik, Gregory K. Mueller, Charles J. TI Diesel Fuel Property Effects on In-Cylinder Liquid Penetration Length: Impact on Smoke Emissions and Equivalence Ratio Estimates at the Flame Lift-Off Length SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL NOZZLE-FLOW; SPRAY BEHAVIOR AB In this study, elastic scattering was employed to investigate diesel fuel property effects on the liquid length (i.e., the maximum extent of in-cylinder liquid-phase fuel penetration) using select research fuels: an ultralow-sulfur #2 diesel emissions-certification fuel (CF) and four of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) diesel fuels (F1, F2, F6, and F8). The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder heavy-duty optical compression-ignition engine under time-varying, noncombusting conditions to minimize the influence of chemical heat release on the liquid-length measurement. The FACE diesel fuel and CF liquid lengths under combusting conditions were also predicted using Siebers scaling law and pressure data from previous work using the same fuels at similar in-cylinder conditions. The objective was to observe if the liquid length under noncombusting or combusting conditions provides additional insights into the relationships among the main fuel properties (i.e., cetane number (CN), the 90 vol % distillation recovery temperature (T90), and aromatic content) and smoke emissions. Results suggest that liquid-length values are best correlated to fuel distillation characteristics measured with ASTM D2887 (simulated distillation method). This work also studied the relationship between liquid length and lift-off length, H (i.e., distance from the fuel-injector orifice exit to the position where the standing premixed autoignition zone stabilizes during mixing-controlled combustion). Two possible cases were identified based on the relative magnitudes of liquid length under combusting conditions (L-c) and H. The low-CN fuels are representative of the first case, L-c < H, in which the fuel is always fully vaporized at H. The high-CN fuels are mostly representative of the second case, L-c >= H, in which there is still liquid fuel at H. L-c >= H would suggest higher smoke emissions, but there is not enough evidence in this work to support a compounding effect of a longer liquid length on top of the aromatic-content effect on smoke emissions for fuels with similar CN, supporting previous findings in the literature that lift-off length plays a more important role than liquid-length on diesel combustion. At the same time, the experimental results suggest a decrease in the fuel-jet spreading angle, i.e., a decrease in the entrainment rate into the jet at and downstream of H, under combusting conditions, that is not accounted for in the model used to predict the values of phi(H). As a result, L-c may be of interest for accurate predictions of phi(H), especially for combustion strategies designed to lower in-cylinder soot by operating near or below the nonsooting phi(H)-value (i.e., phi(H)approximate to 2). C1 [Dumitrescu, Cosmin E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Polonowski, Christopher J.] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48125 USA. [Fisher, Brian T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lilik, Gregory K.; Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dumitrescu, CE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 6106,275 Engn Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM cosmin.dumitrescu@mail.wvu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Naval Research FX Data was taken while authors were employed by Sandia National Laboratories and funded by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Preparation of this manuscript was performed while C.E.D. was employed and funded by West Virginia University and B.T.F. was employed by the Naval Research Laboratory and funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2015 VL 29 IS 11 BP 7689 EP 7704 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01754 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CX1NH UT WOS:000365462400086 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Corrigan, A Liu, JH Kailasanath, K Henderson, B AF Ramamurti, Ravi Corrigan, Andrew Liu, Junhui Kailasanath, Kazhikathra Henderson, Brenda TI Jet noise simulations for complex nozzle geometries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; ALGORITHMS; FCT AB The jet flow from a complex engine nozzle system with multiple jet streams is computed using large eddy simulations. The effects of the fan flow, the impact of installation effects created by the addition of a pylon, and the influence of the core-fluidic injection on the resulting flow field and the acoustic radiation are studied. The potential core length reduces slightly with the introduction of the fan flow and further reduces with the introduction of the fluidic injection nozzle geometry. Computations of fluidic-injection nozzle configurations are validated with experimental data. The agreement in the farfield spectra along the sideline and in the peak propagation directions is good for both the baseline nozzle and the fluidic-injection nozzle configurations. The centerline velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution along the nozzle symmetry plane are in good agreement with the experiments. The parametric study varying the pressure ratio shows that as the injection pressure ratio is increased the jet core moves towards the pylon. For a fluidic injection pressure ratio of 4.0, a reduction of 2.0dB - 2.5dB is observed with respect to the baseline nozzle with a pylon. Fluidic injection is found to produce two sets of counter rotating vortices, one along the nozzle lip line and the second penetrating the nozzle core flow. The potential reason for the noise reduction is investigated from the changes in the turbulence intensity and the convective velocity in the shear layer. It is shown that the turbulence intensity is reduced and the convective velocity at the end of the potential core remains nearly constant for all injection pressure ratios studied. C1 [Ramamurti, Ravi; Corrigan, Andrew; Liu, Junhui; Kailasanath, Kazhikathra] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Henderson, Brenda] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44315 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ravi.ramamurti@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the NIHL Program; NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area; NRL center; ARL center; ERDC DoD HPC center FX This work was supported in part by ONR through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the NIHL Program and the NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area. This work was supported in part by a challenge grant of HPC time at NRL, ARL and ERDC DoD HPC centers. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1475-472X EI 2048-4003 J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 14 IS 7 BP 947 EP 975 PG 29 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA CX0UV UT WOS:000365413500005 ER PT J AU Collins, CO Vincent, CL Graber, HC AF Collins, Clarence O., III Vincent, C. Linwood Graber, Hans C. TI A Statistical Method for Correlating Paired Wave Spectra SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Sea state; Observational techniques and algorithms; Buoy observations; Data processing; Quality assurance; control; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Principal components analysis; Statistical techniques ID CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; MODELS; SEA AB Ocean wave spectra are complex. Because of this complexity, no widely accepted method has been developed for the comparison between two sets of paired wave spectra. A method for intercomparing wave spectra is developed based on an example paradigm of the comparison of model spectra to observed spectra. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to investigate the correlation structure of the matrix of spectral correlations. The set of N ranked canonical correlations developed through CCA (here termed the r-sequence) is shown to be an effective method for understanding the degree of correlation between sets of paired spectral observation. A standard method for intercomparing sets of wave spectra based on CCA is then described. The method is elucidated through analyses of synthetic and real spectra that span a range of correlation from random to almost equal. C1 [Collins, Clarence O., III] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Vincent, C. Linwood] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Monterey, CA USA. [Vincent, C. Linwood; Graber, Hans C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vincent, C. Linwood; Graber, Hans C.] Univ Miami, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vincent, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Bldg 702,Rm 118, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM linwood.vincent.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Collins, Clarence/P-7384-2015 OI Collins, Clarence/0000-0003-4553-616X FU Office of Naval Research [GOM99, SW06]; ASEE postdoctoral fellowship; Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for funding the Gulf of Mexico 1999 (GOM99) and Shallow Water 2006 (SW06) field experiments. We are very grateful to Principal Investigator Will Drennan for permission to use GOM99 data for this work. COC is grateful for ONR funding during his doctoral studies at RSMAS, where an early version of this manuscript was prepared, and is currently supported by an ASEE postdoctoral fellowship. The efforts of CLV were supported by the Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory with additional support from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the presentation and clarity of this manuscript. Coauthors thank CLV, who had the perseverance and patience to see an idea through long after its origination. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2130 EP 2146 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0040.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX3MO UT WOS:000365603300011 ER PT J AU Hirano-Ali, SA Reed, AM Rowan, BJ Sorrells, T Williams, JV Pariser, DM Hood, AF Salkey, K AF Hirano-Ali, Stefanie A. Reed, Ashley M. Rowan, Brandon J. Sorrells, Timothy Williams, Judith V. Pariser, David M. Hood, Antoinette F. Salkey, Kimberly TI Scanning Electron Microscopic Hair Shaft Analysis in Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPP-HODGKIN-SYNDROME; AEC SYNDROME; PILI TORTI; CLEFT-LIP; ANKYLOBLEPHARON; DEFECTS; ABNORMALITIES; PALATE AB ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to catalog hair shaft abnormalities in individuals with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) syndromes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to compare the findings with those in unaffected controls. This is the second of a two-part study, the first of which used light microscopy as the modality and was previously published. MethodsScanning electron microscopy was performed in a blinded manner on hair shafts from 65 subjects with seven types of ED syndromes and 41 unaffected control subjects. Assessment was performed along the length of the shaft and in cross section. SettingHair donations were collected at the 28th Annual National Family Conference held by the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasia. Control subjects were recruited from a private dermatology practice and an academic children's hospital outpatient dermatology clinic. ResultsSEM identified various pathologic hair shaft abnormalities in each type of ED and in control patients. When hairs with all types of ED were grouped together and compared with those of control patients, the difference in the presence of small diameter and shallow and deep grooves was statistically significant (p<0.05). When the EDs were separated according to subtype, statistically significant findings were also seen. ConclusionSEM is a possible adjuvant tool in the diagnosis of ED syndromes. There are significant differences, with high specificity, between the hairs of individuals with ED and those of control subjects and between subtypes. C1 [Hirano-Ali, Stefanie A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Reed, Ashley M.; Pariser, David M.] Pariser Dermatol Specialists, Norfolk, VA USA. [Rowan, Brandon J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sorrells, Timothy] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Lab, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Williams, Judith V.] Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Childrens Specialty Grp, Norfolk, VA USA. [Williams, Judith V.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Williams, Judith V.; Pariser, David M.; Hood, Antoinette F.; Salkey, Kimberly] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Hirano-Ali, SA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, 350 W 11th St,Room 4060, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM shirano@gmail.com FU Naval Medical Center Portsmouth FX This paper was funded by a research grant from Naval Medical Center Portsmouth. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0736-8046 EI 1525-1470 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 32 IS 6 BP 836 EP 844 DI 10.1111/pde.12674 PG 9 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA CX2KQ UT WOS:000365526000044 PM 26584693 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Radial descent of an energetically unbound spacecraft toward a comet SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Letter C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 8 BP 452 EP 453 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX6GJ UT WOS:000365798900002 ER PT J AU Liewer, P Panasenco, O Vourlidas, A Colaninno, R AF Liewer, Paulett Panasenco, Olga Vourlidas, Angelos Colaninno, Robin TI Observations and Analysis of the Non-Radial Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections Near the Sun SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona mass ejections; Corona; Space weather ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR SOURCE; 1 AU; DEFLECTION; EARTH; STREAMERS; STEREO; RECONSTRUCTION; ARRIVAL AB The trajectories of coronal mass ejection (CME) are often observed to deviate from radial propagation from the source while within the coronagraph field of view (). To better understand nonradial propagation within the corona, we first analyze the trajectories of five CMEs for which both the source and 3D trajectory (latitude, longitude, and velocity) can be well determined from solar imaging observations, primarily using observations from the twin Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. Next we analyze the cause of any nonradial propagation using a potential field source surface (PFSS) model to determine the direction of the magnetic pressure forces exerted on the CME at various heights in the corona. In two cases, we find that the CME deviation from radial propagation primarily occurs before it reaches the coronagraph field of view (below 1.5 solar radii). Based on the observations and the magnetic pressure forces calculated from the PFSS model, we conclude that for these cases the deviation is the result of strong active-region fields causing an initial asymmetric expansion of the CME that gives rise to the apparent rapid deflection and nonradial propagation from the source. Within the limitations of the PFSS model, the magnetic fields for all five cases appear to guide the CMEs out of the corona through the weak-field region around the heliospheric current sheet even when the current sheet is inclined and warped. C1 [Liewer, Paulett] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Panasenco, Olga] Adv Heliophys, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Vourlidas, Angelos] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Colaninno, Robin] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liewer, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Paulett.Liewer@jpl.nasa.gov RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA [S-136361-Y]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; internal JHU/APL funds FX We would like to thank R.A. Howard, N. Sheeley, M. Velli and V. Pizzo for useful discussions on various aspects of this research. We also thank the referee for very useful comments that have improved the article. The work of PCL was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract from NASA. The work of OP was supported by a subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The work of AV and RC was supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to the Naval Research Laboratory. AV is also supported by internal JHU/APL funds. The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 290 IS 11 BP 3343 EP 3364 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0794-9 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CX7KL UT WOS:000365880500016 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Warren, HP Dennis, BR Reep, JW Caspi, A AF Doschek, G. A. Warren, H. P. Dennis, B. R. Reep, J. W. Caspi, A. TI FLARE FOOTPOINT REGIONS AND A SURGE OBSERVED BY HINODE/EIS, RHESSI, AND SDO/AIA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SOLAR-SPECTROSCOPIC-IMAGER; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; X-RAYS; EMISSION; PLASMA; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA AB The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft observed flare footpoint regions coincident with a surge for an M3.7 flare observed on 2011 September 25 at N12 E33 in active region 11302. The flare was observed in spectral lines of O VI, Fe X, Fe XII, Fe XIV, Fe XV, Fe XVI, Fe XVII, Fe XXIII, and Fe XXIV. The EIS observations were made coincident with hard X-ray bursts observed by RHESSI. Overlays of the RHESSI images on the EIS raster images at different wavelengths show a spatial coincidence of features in the RHESSI images with the EIS upflow and downflow regions, as well as loop-top or near-loop-top regions. A complex array of phenomena were observed, including multiple evaporation regions and the surge, which was also observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly telescopes. The slit of the EIS spectrometer covered several flare footpoint regions from which evaporative upflows in Fe XXIII and Fe XXIV lines were observed with Doppler speeds greater than 500 km s(-1). For ions such as Fe XV both evaporative outflows (similar to 200 km s(-1)) and downflows (similar to 30-50 km s(-1)) were observed. Nonthermal motions from 120 to 300 km s(-1) were measured in flare lines. In the surge, Doppler speeds are found from about 0 to over 250 km s(-1) in lines from ions such as Fe XIV. The nonthermal motions could be due to multiple sources slightly Doppler-shifted from each other or turbulence in the evaporating plasma. We estimate the energetics of the hard X-ray burst and obtain a total flare energy in accelerated electrons of >= 7 x 10(28) erg. This is a lower limit because only an upper limit can be determined for the low-energy cutoff to the electron spectrum. We find that detailed modeling of this event would require a multithreaded model owing to its complexity. C1 [Doschek, G. A.; Warren, H. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dennis, B. R.] NASA, Solar Phys Lab, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reep, J. W.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Caspi, A.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Caspi, Amir/0000-0001-8702-8273 FU JAXA; NAOJ; STFC; NASA; ESA (European Space Agency); NSC (Norwegian Space Center); NASA Hinode program; ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX11AQ54H]; NASA [NNX12AH48G] FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, and NASA (USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the postlaunch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norwegian Space Center). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission.; G.A.D. and H.P.W. acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program and from ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds. J.W.R. was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (Grant NNX11AQ54H). A.C. was supported by NASA grant NNX12AH48G. We would like to especially acknowledge and thank the referee for a careful and detailed reading of the manuscript, whose comments and suggestions have considerably improved the original version of this paper. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 813 IS 1 AR 32 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/32 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW8XZ UT WOS:000365284100032 ER PT J AU Hui, MT Ye, QZ Knight, M Battams, K Clark, D AF Hui, Man-To Ye, Quan-Zhi Knight, Matthew Battams, Karl Clark, David TI GONE IN A BLAZE OF GLORY: THE DEMISE OF COMET C/2015 D1 (SOHO) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets: general; comets: individual (C/2015 D1 (SOHO)); methods: data analysis ID PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION; LASCO-C2 CORONAGRAPH; SUNSKIRTING COMETS; SUNGRAZING COMETS; ISON; ROTATION; SYSTEM; S1; SPECTROSCOPY; PERIHELION AB We present studies of C/2015 D1 (SOHO), the first sunskirting comet ever seen from ground stations over the past half century. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) witnessed its peculiar light curve with a huge dip followed by a flare-up around perihelion: the dip was likely caused by sublimation of olivines, directly evidenced by a coincident temporary disappearance of the tail. The flare-up likely reflects a disintegration event, which we suggest was triggered by intense thermal stress established within the nucleus interior. Photometric data reveal an increasingly dusty coma, indicative of volatile depletion. A catastrophic mass-loss rate of similar to 10(5) kg s(-1) around perihelion was seen. Ground-based Xingming Observatory spotted the post-perihelion debris cloud. Our morphological simulations of post-perihelion images find newly released dust grains of size a greater than or similar to 10 mu m in radius;. however, a temporal increase in amin was also witnessed, possibly owing to swift dispersions of smaller grains swept away by radiation forces without replenishment. Together with the fading profile of the light curve, a power-law dust size distribution with index gamma = 3.2 +/- 0.1 is derived. We detected no active remaining cometary nuclei over similar to 0.1 km in radius in post-perihelion images acquired at Lowell Observatory. Applying a radial nongravitational parameter, A(1) = (1.209 +/- 0.118) x 10(-6) AU day(-2), from an isothermal water-ice sublimation model to the SOHO astrometry significantly reduces residuals and sinusoidal trends in the orbit determination. The nucleus mass similar to 10(8)-10(9) kg. and the radius similar to 50-150 m (bulk density rho(d) = 0.4 g cm(-3) assumed) before the disintegration are deduced from the photometric data; consistent results were determined from the nongravitational effects. C1 [Hui, Man-To] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ye, Quan-Zhi; Clark, David] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Knight, Matthew] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Battams, Karl] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, David] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Hui, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, 595 Charles Young Dr East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM pachacoti@ucla.edu OI Hui, Man-To/0000-0001-9067-7477; Ye, Quan-Zhi/0000-0002-4838-7676; Battams, Karl/0000-0002-8692-6925; Clark, David/0000-0002-1203-764X FU Canadian Space Agency; SSW/SSWDB; IDL Astronomy User's Library; Bill Gray's Charon; NASA; NASA Planetary Astronomy grant [NNX14AG81G]; NASA-funded Sungrazer Project FX Thanks goes to the anonymous referee for the prompt reviews and comments. We thank Aldo Vitagliano for providing us with his modified version of EXORB and thus enabling our need to investigate nongravitational effects based on different models,. David Jewitt and Jing Li for reading the manuscript and providing comments,. Rainer Kracht and Gaeul Song for their insightful and valuable discussions,. Kevin Schenk for providing detailed technical information of SOHO, and the SOHO operation team for making their data publicly available. We also thank Xing Gao for scheduling observations and acquiring the CSP images, Teznie Pugh for obtaining the DCT images, Alberto Bolatto for providing DCT calibration images, and Ed Anderson for obtain the Lowell 31-inch images. This research has made use of the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France, facilities of the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre operated by the National Research Council of Canada with the support of the Canadian Space Agency, SSW/SSWDB, IDL Astronomy User's Library, and Bill Gray's Charon. The original description of the VizieR service was published in A&AS, 143, 23. M.-T.H. was supported by a NASA grant to David Jewitt. M.M.K. was supported by NASA Planetary Astronomy grant NNX14AG81G. K.B. was supported by the NASA-funded Sungrazer Project. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 813 IS 1 AR 73 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/73 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW8XZ UT WOS:000365284100073 ER PT J AU Jones, J White, RJ Boyajian, T Schaefer, G Baines, E Ireland, M Patience, J ten Brummelaar, T McAlister, H Ridgway, ST Sturmann, J Sturmann, L Turner, N Farrington, C Goldfinger, PJ AF Jones, Jeremy White, R. J. Boyajian, T. Schaefer, G. Baines, E. Ireland, M. Patience, J. ten Brummelaar, T. McAlister, H. Ridgway, S. T. Sturmann, J. Sturmann, L. Turner, N. Farrington, C. Goldfinger, P. J. TI THE AGES OF A-STARS. I. INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS AND AGE ESTIMATES FOR STARS IN THE URSA MAJOR MOVING GROUP SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: early-type; stars: evolution; stars: rotation; techniques: interferometric ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS MESA; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; CHARA ARRAY; HR 8799; ECLIPSING BINARIES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; MASSIVE STARS; ALPHA-LEONIS; NEARBY STARS AB We have observed and spatially resolved a set of seven A-type stars in the nearby Ursa Major moving group with the Classic, CLIMB, and PAVO beam combiners on the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array. At least four of these stars have large rotational velocities (v sin i greater than or similar to 170 km s(-1)) and are expected to be oblate. These interferometric measurements, the stars' observed photometric energy distributions, and v sin i values are used to computationally construct model oblate stars from which stellar properties (inclination, rotational velocity, and the radius and effective temperature as a function of latitude, etc.) are determined. The results are compared with MESA stellar evolution models to determine masses and ages. The value of this new technique is that it enables the estimation of the fundamental properties of rapidly rotating stars without the need to fully image the star. It can thus be applied to stars with sizes comparable to the interferometric resolution limit as opposed to those that are several times larger than the limit. Under the assumption of coevality, the spread in ages can be used as a test of both the prescription presented here and the MESA evolutionary code for rapidly rotating stars. With our validated technique, we combine these age estimates and determine the age of the moving group to be 414 +/- 23 Myr, which is consistent with, but much more precise than previous estimates. C1 [Jones, Jeremy; White, R. J.; Schaefer, G.; ten Brummelaar, T.; McAlister, H.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N.; Farrington, C.; Goldfinger, P. J.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Jones, Jeremy; White, R. J.; Schaefer, G.; ten Brummelaar, T.; McAlister, H.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N.; Farrington, C.; Goldfinger, P. J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Boyajian, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Baines, E.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ireland, M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Patience, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ridgway, S. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, 25 Pk Pl,Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM jones@astro.gsu.edu OI Ireland, Michael/0000-0002-6194-043X; Jones, Jeremy/0000-0003-3045-5148; Boyajian, Tabetha/0000-0001-9879-9313 FU NSF AAG grant [1009643]; [12ADAP120172]; [14-XRP14_2-0147]; [ADAP14-0245] FX The authors would like to thank John Monnier for his suggestions on how to construct the rapid rotator model and for providing test data, Michel Rieutord for his help in calculating beta for the ELR gravity darkening law, Doug Gies for his suggestions on how to handle model SEDs, and Brian Kloppenborg for his advice in making our model more computationally efficient. J.J. and R.W. acknowledge support from the NSF AAG grant number 1009643. T.S.B. acknowledged partial support from grants 12ADAP120172, 14-XRP14_2-0147, and ADAP14-0245. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 813 IS 1 AR 58 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/58 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW8XZ UT WOS:000365284100058 ER PT J AU Geum, YH Kim, YI Neta, B AF Geum, Young Hee Kim, Young Ik Neta, Beny TI A class of two-point sixth-order multiple-zero finders of modified double-Newton type and their dynamics SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Multiple-zero finder; Extraneous fixed point; Double-Newton; Basins of attraction ID EXTRANEOUS FIXED-POINTS; DERIVATIVE-FREE METHODS; NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; ITERATIVE METHODS; 4TH-ORDER FAMILY; ORDER METHODS; SIMPLE ROOTS; ATTRACTION; BASINS; CONVERGENCE AB Under the assumption of the known multiplicity of zeros of nonlinear equations, a class of two-point sextic-order multiple-zero finders and their dynamics are investigated in this paper by means of extensive analysis of modified double-Newton type of methods. With the introduction of a bivariate weight function dependent on function-to-function and derivative-to-derivative ratios, higher-order convergence is obtained. Additional investigation is carried out for extraneous fixed points of the iterative maps associated with the proposed methods along with a comparison with typically selected cases. Through a variety of test equations, numerical experiments strongly support the theory developed in this paper. In addition, relevant dynamics of the proposed methods is successfully explored for various polynomials with a number of illustrative basins of attraction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Geum, Young Hee; Kim, Young Ik] Dankook Univ, Dept Appl Math, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, YI (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Dept Appl Math, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. EM conpana@empas.com; yikbell@yahoo.co.kr; bneta@nps.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2015-R1D1A3A-01020808] FX The first author (Y.H. Geum) was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under the research grant (Project Number: 2015-R1D1A3A-01020808). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 270 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2015.08.039 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CV4OS UT WOS:000364247000033 ER PT J AU Auyeung, RCY Kim, H Mathews, S Pique, A AF Auyeung, Raymond C. Y. Kim, Heungsoo Mathews, Scott Pique, Alberto TI Spatially modulated laser pulses for printing electronics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; LIGHT; LITHOGRAPHY; DEVICE; LAYERS; FILMS AB The use of a digital micromirror device (DMD) in laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is reviewed. Combining this technique with high-viscosity donor ink (silver nanopaste) results in laser-printed features that are highly congruent in shape and size to the incident laser beam spatial profile. The DMD empowers LIFT to become a highly parallel, rapidly reconfigurable direct-write technology. By adapting half-toning techniques to the DMD bitmap image, the laser transfer threshold fluence for 10 mu m features can be reduced using an edge-enhanced beam profile. The integration of LIFT with this beam-shaping technique allows the printing of complex large-area patterns with a single laser pulse. C1 [Auyeung, Raymond C. Y.; Kim, Heungsoo; Mathews, Scott; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Auyeung, RCY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM raymond.auyeung@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F70 EP F77 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F70 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800010 PM 26560624 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Brindza, M Flynn, RA Rosenberg, A Shirk, JS AF Beadie, G. Brindza, Michael Flynn, Richard A. Rosenberg, A. Shirk, James S. TI Refractive index measurements of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from 0.4-1.6 mu m SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYMERS; LENS AB Using a transmission-spectrum-based method, the refractive index of a 50 mu m thick sample of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was measured as a function of wavelength. To mitigate the effects of nonplane-parallel surfaces, the sample was measured at 16 different locations. The technique resulted in the measurement of index at several thousand independent wavelengths from 0.42 to 1.62 mu m, with a relative RMS accuracy <0.5 x 10(-4) and absolute accuracy <2 x 10(-4). C1 [Beadie, G.; Flynn, Richard A.; Rosenberg, A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brindza, Michael] US Navy, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Shirk, James S.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM polymer_GRIN_lenses@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F139 EP F143 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F139 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800017 PM 26560600 ER PT J AU Bowles, JH Korwan, DR Montes, MJ Gray, DJ Gillis, DB Lamela, GM Miller, WD AF Bowles, Jeffrey H. Korwan, Daniel R. Montes, Marcos J. Gray, Deric J. Gillis, David B. Lamela, Gia M. Miller, W. David TI Airborne system for multispectral, multiangle polarimetric imaging SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; POLARIZED-LIGHT FIELD; PLANE NEUTRAL POINTS; MUELLER MATRIX; MONTE-CARLO; WATER AB In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, calibration, and deployment of an airborne multispectral polarimetric imager. The motivation for the development of this instrument was to explore its ability to provide information about water constituents, such as particle size and type. The instrument is based on four 16 MP cameras and uses wire grid polarizers (aligned at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees) to provide the separation of the polarization states. A five-position filter wheel provides for four narrow-band spectral filters (435, 550, 625, and 750 nm) and one blocked position for dark-level measurements. When flown, the instrument is mounted on a programmable stage that provides control of the view angles. View angles that range to +/- 65 degrees from the nadir have been used. Data processing provides a measure of the polarimetric signature as a function of both the view zenith and view azimuth angles. As a validation of our initial results, we compare our measurements, over water, with the output of aMonte Carlo code, both of which show neutral points off the principle plane. The locations of the calculated and measured neutral points are compared. The random error level in the measured degree of linear polarization (8% at 435) is shown to be better than 0.25%. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Bowles, Jeffrey H.; Korwan, Daniel R.; Montes, Marcos J.; Gray, Deric J.; Gillis, David B.; Lamela, Gia M.; Miller, W. David] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, JH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.Bowles@nrl.navy.mil OI Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987; Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU Office of Naval Research FX Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F256 EP F267 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F256 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800030 PM 26560615 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR AF Bowman, S. R. TI Optimizing average power in low quantum defect lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AMPLIFIERS; HEAT-GENERATION; ABSORPTION AB Waste heat generation is a generic problem in high-power solid-state laser systems. One way to reduce heat loading while improving efficiency is to reduce the laser's quantum defect. This paper presents a simple analysis of low quantum defect laser materials. In these laser materials, the effects of fluorescent cooling and weak loss processes should not be ignored. Simple expressions are developed for efficiency and heating in a steady-state purely radiative material. These expressions are then extended to include weak losses and fluorescence reabsorption. Evaluation of these relations using ytterbium-doped YAG is used to illustrate several optimization schemes and the impact of realistic losses. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 5624 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.bowman@nrl.navy.mil FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F78 EP F84 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800011 PM 26560625 ER PT J AU Busse, LE Frantz, JA Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Busse, Lynda E. Frantz, Jesse A. Shaw, L. Brandon Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Review of antireflective surface structures on laser optics and windows SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID RELIEF STRUCTURES; LOSSES; FIBERS; GLASS AB We present recent advancements in structured, antireflective surfaces on optics, including crystals for high-energy lasers as well as windows for the infrared wavelength region. These structured surfaces have been characterized and show high transmission and laser damage thresholds, making them attractive for these applications. We also present successful tests of windows with antireflective surfaces that were exposed to simulated harsh environments for the application of these laser systems. C1 [Busse, Lynda E.; Frantz, Jesse A.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Busse, LE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 5620-4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lynda.busse@nrl.navy.mil FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL) FX Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F303 EP F310 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F303 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800034 PM 26560619 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Miller, GA AF Cranch, G. A. Miller, G. A. TI Coherent light transmission properties of commercial photonic crystal hollow core optical fiber SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP FIBERS; SURFACE-MODES; GROUP DELAY; AIR; NOISE; BIREFRINGENCE; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; DISPERSION; REDUCTION AB Photonic crystal hollow core fiber (PC-HCF) has enabled many exciting new applications in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. However, to date there has been less impact in coherent applications where preservation of optical phase over long fiber lengths is crucial. This paper presents characteristics of three commercially available PC-HCFs relevant to coherent applications including higher-order mode analysis, birefringence and polarization-dependent loss, and their impact on coherent light transmission in PC-HCF. Multipath interference due to higher-order mode propagation and Fresnel reflection is shown to generate excess intensity noise in transmission, which can be suppressed by up to 20 dB through high frequency phase modulation of the source laser. To demonstrate the potential of PC-HCF in high performance sensing, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating 10 m of PC-HCF in each arm is characterized and demonstrates a phase resolution (59 x 10(-9) rad/Hz(1/2) at 30 kHz) close to the shot noise limit, which is better than can be achieved in a MZI made with the same length of single mode solid core fiber because of the limit set by fundamental thermodynamic noise (74 x 10(-9) rad/Hz(1/2) at 30 kHz). (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cranch, G. A.; Miller, G. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff_cranch@yahoo.com FU Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 base program FX Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 base program. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F8 EP F16 DI 10.1364/AO.54.0000F8 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800003 PM 26560626 ER PT J AU Diehl, JF Singley, JM Sunderman, CE Urick, VJ AF Diehl, John F. Singley, Joseph M. Sunderman, Christopher E. Urick, Vincent J. TI Microwave photonic delay line signal processing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ANALOG FIBEROPTIC LINKS; COMMUNICATIONS-SYSTEMS AB This paper provides a path for the design of state-of-the-art fiber-optic delay lines for signal processing. The theoretical forms for various radio-frequency system performance metrics are derived for four modulation types: X-and Z-cut Mach-Zehnder modulators, a phase modulator with asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a polarization modulator with control waveplate and polarizing beam splitter. Each modulation type is considered to cover the current and future needs for ideal system designs. System gain, compression point, and third-order output intercept point are derived from the transfer matrices for each modulation type. A discussion of optical amplifier placement and fiber-effect mitigation is offered. The paper concludes by detailing two high-performance delay lines, built for unique applications, that exhibit performance levels an order of magnitude better than commercial delay lines. This paper should serve as a guide to maximizing the performance of future systems and offer a look into current and future research being done to further improve photonics technologies. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Diehl, John F.; Singley, Joseph M.; Sunderman, Christopher E.; Urick, Vincent J.] US Naval Res Lab, Appl RF Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Diehl, John F.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Diehl, JF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Appl RF Photon Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.diehl@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F35 EP F41 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F35 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800006 PM 26560620 ER PT J AU Doctor, KZ Bachmann, CM Gray, DJ Montes, MJ Fusina, RA AF Doctor, Katarina Z. Bachmann, Charles M. Gray, Deric J. Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert A. TI Wavelength dependence of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD GONIOMETER SYSTEM; SURFACE AB The wavelength dependence of the dominant directional reflective properties of beach sands was demonstrated using principal component analysis and the related correlation matrix. In general, we found that the hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands has weak wavelength dependence. Its BRDF varies slightly in three broad wavelength regions. The variations are more evident in surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces. The weak wavelength dependence of the BRDF of beach sand can be captured using three broad wavelength regions instead of hundreds of individual wavelengths. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Doctor, Katarina Z.; Gray, Deric J.; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert A.] US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bachmann, Charles M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Doctor, Katarina Z.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Doctor, KZ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM katarina.doctor@nrl.navy.mil OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001413WX00008]; Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (OUSD (AT&L)) Coalition Warfare Program [DWAM20026] FX Office of Naval Research (ONR) (N0001413WX00008); Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (OUSD (AT&L)) Coalition Warfare Program (DWAM20026). NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F243 EP F255 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F243 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800029 PM 26560613 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA AF Doschek, G. A. TI Some results from the exploration of the solar atmosphere with high-resolution x-ray-EUV spectroscopy at the Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM; ACTIVE REGIONS; B SATELLITE; QUIET SUN; TELESCOPE; MISSION; HINODE; FLARES; CORONA AB The Naval Research Laboratory has been one of the world leaders in high-resolution UV-x-ray solar spectroscopy. Much has been learned about the morphology and physical conditions in the atmosphere from spectroscopic instrumentation flown on orbiting spacecraft. In this short summary I discuss the solar atmosphere and our current knowledge of it, and show some of the results obtained by spectroscopic investigations at the Naval Research Laboratory. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.doschek@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA Hinode (NRL 6.1) FX NASA Hinode (NRL 6.1). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F50 EP F60 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F50 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800008 PM 26560622 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Harlander, JM Brown, CM Marr, KD AF Englert, Christoph R. Harlander, John M. Brown, Charles M. Marr, Kenneth D. TI Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy at the Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND; INTERFEROMETER; WIND; DASH; SPECTROMETER; SATELLITE; ULTRAVIOLET; SHIMMER AB Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is based on traditional Michelson interferometry. However, instead of employing retro-reflectors in the interferometer arms, one or both of which are moving, it uses fixed, tilted diffraction gratings and an imaging detector to spatially sample the optical path differences. This concept allows high-resolution, high-throughput spectroscopy without moving interferometer parts, particularly suitable for problems that require compact, robust instrumentation. Here, we briefly review about 20 years of ground- and space-based SHS work performed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), which started with a visit by Prof. Fred Roesler to NRL in 1993. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Englert, Christoph R.; Brown, Charles M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harlander, John M.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Marr, Kenneth D.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christoph.englert@nrl.navy.mil OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU Chief of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); DoD Space Test program FX Chief of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); DoD Space Test program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F158 EP F163 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F158 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800020 PM 26560603 ER PT J AU Ferraro, MS Clark, WR Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Murphy, JL Goetz, PG Thomas, LM Burris, HR Moore, CI Waters, WD Vaccaro, K Krejca, BD AF Ferraro, Mike S. Clark, William R. Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Murphy, James L. Goetz, Peter G. Thomas, Linda M. Burris, Harris R. Moore, Christopher I. Waters, William D. Vaccaro, Kenneth Krejca, Brian D. TI InAlAs/InGaAs avalanche photodiode arrays for free space optical communication SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT IONIZATION; NOISE; GAIN AB In free space optical communication, photodetectors serve not only as communications receivers but also as position sensitive detectors (PSDs) for pointing, tracking, and stabilization. Typically, two separate detectors are utilized to perform these tasks, but recent advances in the fabrication and development of large-area, low-noise avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used both as PSDs and as communications receivers. This combined functionality allows for more flexibility and simplicity in optical system design without sacrificing the sensitivity and bandwidth performance of smaller, single-element data receivers. This work presents the development of APD arrays rated for bandwidths beyond 1 GHz with measured carrier ionization ratios of approximately 0.2 at moderate APD gains. We discuss the fabrication and characterization of three types of APD arrays along with their performance as high-speed photodetectors. C1 [Ferraro, Mike S.; Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Murphy, James L.; Goetz, Peter G.; Thomas, Linda M.; Burris, Harris R.; Moore, Christopher I.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, William R.; Waters, William D.; Vaccaro, Kenneth; Krejca, Brian D.] Optograt Inc, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. RP Ferraro, MS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.ferraro@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F182 EP F188 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F182 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800023 PM 26560607 ER PT J AU Flom, SR Beadie, G Bayya, SS Shaw, B Auxier, JM AF Flom, Steven R. Beadie, Guy Bayya, Shyam S. Shaw, Brandon Auxier, Jason M. TI Ultrafast Z-scan measurements of nonlinear optical constants of window materials at 772, 1030, and 1550 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-BEAM AB Femtosecond Z-scan measurements have been performed on six window materials at 772, 1030, and 1550 nm. Measurements of the nonlinear refractive index are presented for reference materials, fused silica and BK7 and four near-infrared window materials, multispectral ZnS (CLEARTRAN), aluminum oxynitride (AlON), spinel (MgAl2O4) ceramic, and barium gallogermanate (BGG) glass. C1 [Flom, Steven R.; Beadie, Guy; Bayya, Shyam S.; Shaw, Brandon; Auxier, Jason M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flom, SR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM NLO_materials@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F123 EP F128 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F123 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800015 PM 26560598 ER PT J AU Font, C Gilbreath, GC Restaino, S Bonanno, D Bajramaj, B Nock, K AF Font, Carlos Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Restaino, Sergio Bonanno, David Bajramaj, Blerta Nock, Kristen TI Characterization of the temporal phase fluctuations in a weak atmospheric turbulence regime as a random bit-stream generator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRUE AB This paper investigates the extent to which atmospheric turbulence can be exploited as a random bit generator. Atmospheric turbulence is considered an inherently random process due to the complex inhomogeneous system composition and its sensitivity to changes in pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind conditions. A self-calibrating Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to collect phase fluctuations in the temporal domain introduced to an optical beam propagating through the atmosphere. The recorded phase fluctuations were converted into bit streams that were further analyzed in order to search for evidence of randomness. Empirical data and results that characterize the degree of randomness produced in the temporal phase component of an optical wave propagating through the atmosphere are presented. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Font, Carlos; Bonanno, David; Bajramaj, Blerta; Nock, Kristen] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Commun & Sensing Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gilbreath, G. Charmaine] US Naval Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Restaino, Sergio] US Naval Res Lab, Radio IR Opt Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Font, C (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Opt Commun & Sensing Sect, Code 5557, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carlos.font@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F42 EP F49 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F42 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800007 PM 26560621 ER PT J AU Fontana, J Ratna, BR AF Fontana, Jake Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Toward high throughput optical metamaterial assemblies SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIALS; FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANORODS; PLASMONIC NANOCLUSTERS; LARGE-AREA; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCES; VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; METASURFACES; LIGHT AB Optical metamaterials have unique engineered optical properties. These properties arise from the careful organization of plasmonic elements. Transitioning these properties from laboratory experiments to functional materials may lead to disruptive technologies for controlling light. A significant issue impeding the realization of optical metamaterial devices is the need for robust and efficient assembly strategies to govern the order of the nanometer-sized elements while enabling macroscopic throughput. This mini-review critically highlights recent approaches and challenges in creating these artificial materials. As the ability to assemble optical metamaterials improves, new unforeseen opportunities may arise for revolutionary optical devices. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Fontana, Jake; Ratna, Banahalli R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fontana, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jake.fontana@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 96 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F61 EP F69 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F61 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800009 PM 26560623 ER PT J AU Gattass, RR Thapa, R Kung, FH Busse, LE Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Gattass, Rafael R. Thapa, Rajesh Kung, Frederic H. Busse, Lynda E. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Review of infrared fiber-based components SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID SILVER-HALIDE FIBERS; POLYCRYSTALLINE OPTICAL-FIBERS; CHALCOGENIDE GLASS; BRAGG GRATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ORDERED BUNDLES; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; LASER-RADIATION; SINGLE-MODE; PHASE MASK AB The infrared range of the optical spectrum is attractive for its use in sensing, surveillance, and material characterization. The increasing availability of compact laser sources and detectors in the infrared range stands in contrast with the limited development of optical components for this optical range. We highlight developments of infrared components with a particular focus on fiber-based components for compact optical devices and systems. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Gattass, Rafael R.; Busse, Lynda E.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20045 USA. [Thapa, Rajesh] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Kung, Frederic H.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Gattass, RR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20045 USA. EM rafael.gattass@nrl.navy.mil NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F25 EP F34 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F25 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800005 PM 26560614 ER PT J AU Gray, DJ Anderson, J Nelson, J Edwards, J AF Gray, Deric J. Anderson, John Nelson, Jean Edwards, Jarrod TI Using a multiwavelength LiDAR for improved remote sensing of natural waters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VOLUME SCATTERING FUNCTION; THEORETICAL DERIVATION; OCEAN; REFLECTANCE; PROFILE; LIGHT; MODEL AB This paper describes research to characterize the benefits of a multiwavelength oceanographic LiDAR for various water types. Field measurements were conducted to establish endmembers representative of both typical and extremely challenging natural conditions. Laboratory tests were performed using a prototype multiwavelength LiDAR in water tanks with optical conditions simulating both sediment-laden and biologically rich water types. LiDAR models were used to simulate the LiDAR signal from both field and laboratory experiments. Our measurements and models show that using a laser wavelength of 470-490 nm in the open ocean leads to an improvement factor of 1.50-1.75 compared to a 532 nm system. In more turbid areas using a laser wavelength of 560 -580 nm leads to an improvement factor of 1.25. We conclude by demonstrating how using multiple LiDAR wavelengths can help detect and characterize constituents in the water column. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Gray, Deric J.] US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, John; Nelson, Jean; Edwards, Jarrod] US Army Corps Engn, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Geospatial Res Lab, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Gray, DJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7231,4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deric.gray@nrl.navy.mil FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) [NIB8G41083GS37] FX National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (NIB8G41083GS37). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F232 EP F242 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F232 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800028 PM 26560612 ER PT J AU Hart, MB Sivaprakasam, V Eversole, JD Johnson, LJ Czege, J AF Hart, Matthew B. Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Eversole, Jay D. Johnson, Lee J. Czege, Jozsef TI Optical measurements from single levitated particles using a linear electrodynamic quadrupole trap SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION; SCATTERING; DROPLET; LIGHT; MICROSPHERES; MICRODROPLET; ABSORPTION; PRECISION; STREAMS; BALANCE AB We have recently made advancements in a linear electrodynamic quadrupole (LEQ) device for capturing and levitating either single or multiple micro-particles that provides significant improvements in capture efficiency, reliability, and optical measurement access. We have used our LEQ to trap particles ranging from 30 to less than 0.5 mu m in size and provide a controlled environment to study particle physical/chemical dependencies on temperature, relative humidity, and gas constituents. To demonstrate this approach, we present data and analysis of liquid-droplet evaporation rates for two materials: glycerol and dibutyl sebacate. Droplet size was monitored as a function of time by two independent optical methods: direct imaging and fixed-angle light scattering. This new approach provides a means to rapidly characterize a wide range of aerosol particle properties and a platform for development of new aerosol optical-diagnostic measurements. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hart, Matthew B.; Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Eversole, Jay D.; Johnson, Lee J.; Czege, Jozsef] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, MB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Matthew.Hart@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F174 EP F181 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F174 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800022 PM 26560606 ER PT J AU Hoffman, C Giallorenzi, TG Slater, LB AF Hoffman, Craig Giallorenzi, T. G. Slater, Leo B. TI Optics research at the US Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; DOPED FUSED QUARTZ; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-POWER; FUSION ENERGY; QUANTUM DOTS; X-RAY; MU-M; INTERFEROMETER AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was established in Washington, DC in 1923 and is the corporate laboratory for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Today NRL is a world-class research institution conducting a broad program of research and development (R&D), including many areas of optical science and technology. NRL is conducting cutting-edge R&D programs to explore new scientific areas to enable unprecedented Navy capabilities as well as improving current technologies to increase the effectiveness of Navy and other Department of Defense systems. This paper provides a broad overview of many of NRL's achievements in optics. Some of the remaining articles in this feature issue will discuss NRL's most recent research in individual areas, while other articles will present more detailed historical perspectives of NRL's research concerning particular scientific topics. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hoffman, Craig; Slater, Leo B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giallorenzi, T. G.] DCS Corp, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Hoffman, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM craig.hoffman@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); JIEDDO; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NAVAIR; NAVSEA; National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); NVESD; Office of Naval Research (ONR); SOCOM; Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command; U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX The research discussed in this article was funded by a wide range of DOD and non-DOD organizations including Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); JIEDDO; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NAVAIR; NAVSEA; National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); NVESD; Office of Naval Research (ONR); SOCOM; Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command; U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F268 EP F285 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F268 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800031 PM 26560616 ER PT J AU Howard, RA AF Howard, Russell A. TI Recent white-light coronagraphs at the Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; MISSION AB A white-light externally occulted coronagraph is a telescope designed to view the very faint emission of the solar corona in the region close to the sun. It uses the Lyot principle to mitigate the effects of diffraction. The first such telescope flew on a spacecraft in 1971 and showed the dynamic nature of the corona. Since that mission, six other such coronagraphic telescopes have been flown, whose designs evolved to meet the requirements of the mission. This article describes the latest two coronagraphs and compares their capabilities and their designs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM russell.howard@nrl.navy.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [S-13631-Y, S-92835-D, NNG10PH19I]; Office of Naval Research [SP033-02-43] FX National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (S-13631-Y, S-92835-D, NNG10PH19I); Office of Naval Research (SP033-02-43). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F298 EP F302 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F298 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800033 PM 26560618 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, MN Urick, VJ Frigo, NJ AF Hutchinson, Meredith N. Urick, Vincent J. Frigo, Nicholas J. TI Power photodiodes for high dynamic range photonic links SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; CURRENT-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT; WAVE-GUIDE PHOTODIODES; HIGH SATURATION POWER; HIGH-SPEED; HIGH-RESPONSIVITY; PERFORMANCE; PHOTODETECTOR; NONLINEARITY; POLARIZATION AB High-power photodiode applications for multioctave high dynamic range links are presented. A review of modulator and photodiode distortion analysis is given as well as an introduction to polarization-dependent loss distortion as it pertains to such systems. A new analysis of the photodiode distortion contributed degradation of spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is developed. Experimental data covers high-power photodiodes for zero-bias high dynamic range links, showing significant improvement in SFDR. A link is presented showing the degradation of link performance when polarization-dependent loss is added into the system. A summary of state-of-the-art device performance is covered as well as the outlook on future applications for power photodiodes in analog photonic links requiring high SFDR. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hutchinson, Meredith N.; Urick, Vincent J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Frigo, Nicholas J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hutchinson, MN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meredith.hutchinson@nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F17 EP F24 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F17 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800004 PM 26560605 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Palastro, JP Chen, YH Gordon, DF Helle, MH Ting, A AF Kaganovich, D. Palastro, J. P. Chen, Y. -H. Gordon, D. F. Helle, M. H. Ting, A. TI Simulation of free-space optical guiding structure based on colliding gas flows SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY LASER-PULSES; PLASMA-CHANNEL; WAVE-GUIDE AB Preformed plasma channels with parabolic radial density profiles enable the extended and stable optical guiding of high-intensity laser pulses. High-voltage discharge capillaries, commonly used for channel formation, have limited guiding length and opaque walls, complicating the diagnosis of the plasma within. This paper proposes a free-space gas channel produced by the collision of several gas flows. The collision of the gas flows forms an on-axis density depression surrounded by higher density walls. By offsetting the flows, we demonstrated the creation of what we believe is a novel vortex structure that exhibits a long-lived parabolic density profile. Once ionized, the resulting plasma density profile has a near-parabolic dependence appropriate for guiding. We then performed detailed two-dimensional (2D) fluid dynamics simulations to examine the properties and stability of the guiding structure. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kaganovich, D.; Palastro, J. P.; Gordon, D. F.; Helle, M. H.; Ting, A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Y. -H.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.kaganovich@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Yu-hsin/I-3400-2012; OI Chen, Yu-hsin/0000-0002-9603-7371; Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [6.1] FX U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) 6.1. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F144 EP F148 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F144 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800018 PM 26560601 ER PT J AU Kanaev, AV Kutteruf, MR Yetzbacher, MK Deprenger, MJ Novak, KM AF Kanaev, A. V. Kutteruf, M. R. Yetzbacher, M. K. Deprenger, M. J. Novak, K. M. TI Imaging with multi-spectral mosaic-array cameras SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERRESOLUTION; IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; MOTION; FLOW AB The emerging class of multi-spectral mosaic-array cameras combines opportunities of spectral data processing and full-motion video color display. We explore capabilities of such sensors and propose the novel demosaicking algorithm capable of enhancing resolution of equally sampled multi-spectral mosaic imagery. We present experimental results of the proposed processing using the imagery acquired with a nine-band short-wave infrared mosaic-array camera. C1 [Kanaev, A. V.; Kutteruf, M. R.; Yetzbacher, M. K.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Deprenger, M. J.; Novak, K. M.] Tekla Res, Dumfries, VA 22025 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrey.kanaev@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (Code 30 Core Program) FX Office of Naval Research (Code 30 Core Program). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F149 EP F157 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F149 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800019 PM 26560602 ER PT J AU Kendziora, CA Furstenberg, R Papantonakis, M Nguyen, V Byers, J McGill, RA AF Kendziora, Christopher A. Furstenberg, Robert Papantonakis, Michael Viet Nguyen Byers, Jeff McGill, R. Andrew TI Infrared photothermal imaging spectroscopy for detection of trace explosives on surfaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STANDOFF DETECTION; RESIDUES; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; RDX AB We are developing a technique for the standoff detection of trace explosives on relevant substrate surfaces using photothermal infrared (IR) imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). This approach leverages one or more compact IR quantum cascade lasers, which are tuned to strong absorption bands in the analytes and directed to illuminate an area on a surface of interest. An IR focal plane array is used to image the surface and detect increases in thermal emission upon laser illumination. The PT-IRIS signal is processed as a hyperspectral image cube comprised of spatial, spectral, and temporal dimensions as vectors within a detection algorithm. The ability to detect trace analytes at standoff on relevant substrates is critical for security applications but is complicated by the optical and thermal analyte/substrate interactions. This manuscript describes a series of PT-IRIS experimental results and analysis for traces of RDX, TNT, ammonium nitrate, and sucrose on steel, polyethylene, glass, and painted steel panels. We demonstrate detection at surface mass loadings comparable with fingerprint depositions (10 mu g/cm(2) to 100 mu g/cm(2)) from an area corresponding to a single pixel within the thermal image. C1 [Kendziora, Christopher A.; Furstenberg, Robert; Papantonakis, Michael; Viet Nguyen; Byers, Jeff; McGill, R. Andrew] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kendziora, CA (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Code 6360,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Chris.Kendziora@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory; U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD FX Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory; U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 46 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F129 EP F138 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F129 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800016 PM 26560599 ER PT J AU Kim, W Villalobos, G Baker, C Frantz, J Shaw, B Bayya, S Sadowski, B Hunt, M Rock, B Aggarwal, I Sanghera, J AF Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Baker, Colin Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Bayya, Shyam Sadowski, Bryan Hunt, Michael Rock, Benjamin Aggarwal, Ishwar Sanghera, Jasbinder TI Overview of transparent optical ceramics for high-energy lasers at NRL SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID SPINEL POWDERS; EFFICIENCY AB In this review, we present our recent research progress at the Naval Research Laboratory in the development of highly transparent and rugged ceramic window materials such as MgAl2O4 spinel and beta-SiC; high-power solidstate laser gain materials based on sesquioxide such as Yb3+:Y2O3, Yb3+:Lu2O3, and Ho3+:Lu2O3; and composite ceramics in the application for high-energy lasers. Various powder synthesis/purification methods and powder post-process techniques necessary to create high-purity powders are described. Ceramic fabrication processes and chemical, morphological, and optical properties of the ceramics developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are highlighted. We also report high-efficiency lasing from a hot-pressed rare-earth sesquioxide single layer and composite ceramics made from coprecipitated powder. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Baker, Colin; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Bayya, Shyam; Rock, Benjamin; Sanghera, Jasbinder] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 38 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F210 EP F221 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F210 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800026 PM 26560610 ER PT J AU Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Goetz, PG Moore, CI Murphy, J Rabinovich, WS AF Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Goetz, Peter G. Moore, Christopher I. Murphy, James Rabinovich, William S. TI Irradiance correlations in retro-reflected beams SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCITY; LINKS; SCINTILLATION; TURBULENCE AB Communications links that utilize modulating retro-reflectors can make use of turbulence-induced fade information available at the remote data-signal terminal in order to optimize the data transfer rate. Experiments were conducted to measure the irradiance in both the direct and the retro-reflected beams. Both on-axis and off-axis components were recorded in order to further study the enhancement in the scintillation index observed in the retro-reflected beam. Measurements were made over a 1.8 km terrestrial range at AP Hill, Virginia. The degree of correlation of the received irradiance between the direct and double-passage beams is found to approach 90% on-axis and 70% outside of the Fresnel zone radius. The scintillation index in the retro-reflected beam is enhanced on-axis due to reciprocal optical paths. The measured scintillation indices, and the correlation of the retro-reflected beam with the direct beam, are compared with a point source, point scatterer, and point receiver model in the strong scintillation approximation. C1 [Mahon, Rita; Ferraro, Mike S.; Goetz, Peter G.; Moore, Christopher I.; Murphy, James; Rabinovich, William S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahon, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5654,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rita.mahon@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [56-4050] FX U.S. Office of Naval Research (56-4050). NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F96 EP F102 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F96 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800013 PM 26560628 ER PT J AU Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Kim, CS Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kim, M AF Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Kim, M. TI Gain and loss as a function of current density and temperature in interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; MU-M; POWER AB We characterize the internal efficiency, internal loss, and optical gain versus current density in 7-stage interband cascade lasers operating at lambda = 3.1 and 3.45 mu m using a cavity-length study of the external differential quantum efficiency (EDQE) and threshold current density at temperatures between 300 and 345 K. We find that the pronounced efficiency droop of the EDQE at high current densities is primarily due to an increase in the internal loss rather than a reduction in the internal efficiency. On the other hand, if the current density J is fixed, the temperature variation of the EDQE at that J is due primarily to a decrease of the internal efficiency. The gain versus current density is fit well by a logarithmic relationship, although the magnitude of the experimental gain is >20% below the theoretical estimate. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Kim, C. S.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_laser@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F1 EP F7 DI 10.1364/AO.54.0000F1 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800002 PM 26560596 ER PT J AU Moses, JD Ko, YK Laming, JM Provornikova, EA Strachan, L Beltran, ST AF Moses, J. D. Ko, Y. -K. Laming, J. M. Provornikova, E. A. Strachan, L. Beltran, S. Tun TI Ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of the solar corona at the Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; WIND; ACCELERATION; SPECTROMETER; MODEL; HELIOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; EJECTIONS AB We review the history of ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy with a specific focus on such activities at the Naval Research Laboratory and on studies of the extended solar corona and solar-wind source regions. We describe the problem of forecasting solar energetic particle events and discuss an observational technique designed to solve this problem by detecting supra-thermal seed particles as extended wings on spectral lines. Such seed particles are believed to be a necessary prerequisite for particle acceleration by heliospheric shock waves driven by a coronal mass ejection. C1 [Moses, J. D.; Ko, Y. -K.; Laming, J. M.; Strachan, L.; Beltran, S. Tun] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Provornikova, E. A.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Moses, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dan.moses@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNG13WF95I]; NRL [CNR 6.1] FX NASA (NNG13WF95I); NRL CNR 6.1. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F222 EP F231 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F222 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800027 PM 26560611 ER PT J AU Obenschain, S Lehmberg, R Kehne, D Hegeler, F Wolford, M Sethian, J Weaver, J Karasik, M AF Obenschain, Stephen Lehmberg, Robert Kehne, David Hegeler, Frank Wolford, Matthew Sethian, John Weaver, James Karasik, Max TI High-energy krypton fluoride lasers for inertial fusion SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; PUMPED KRF AMPLIFIER; ELECTRON-BEAM DIODES; SCALE-LENGTH PLASMAS; PULSED-POWER SYSTEM; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; CONFINEMENT FUSION; IGNITION FACILITY AB Laser fusion researchers have realized since the 1970s that the deep UV light from excimer lasers would be an advantage as a driver for robust high-performance capsule implosions for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Most of this research has centered on the krypton-fluoride (KrF) laser. In this article we review the advantages of the KrF laser for direct-drive ICF, the history of high-energy KrF laser development, and the present state of the art and describe a development path to the performance needed for laser fusion and its energy application. We include descriptions of the architecture and performance of the multi-kilojoule Nike KrF laser-target facility and the 700 J Electra high-repetition-rate KrF laser that were developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Nike and Electra are the most advanced KrF lasers for inertial fusion research and energy applications. C1 [Obenschain, Stephen; Kehne, David; Hegeler, Frank; Wolford, Matthew; Sethian, John; Weaver, James; Karasik, Max] US Naval Res Lab NRL, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lehmberg, Robert; Sethian, John] NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lehmberg, Robert] Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Obenschain, S (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab NRL, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steve.obenschain@nrl.navy.mil OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 107 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F103 EP F122 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F103 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800014 PM 26560597 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Moore, CI Mahon, R Goetz, PG Burris, HR Ferraro, MS Murphy, JL Thomas, LM Gilbreath, GC Vilcheck, M Suite, MR AF Rabinovich, W. S. Moore, C. I. Mahon, R. Goetz, P. G. Burris, H. R. Ferraro, M. S. Murphy, J. L. Thomas, L. M. Gilbreath, G. C. Vilcheck, M. Suite, M. R. TI Free-space optical communications research and demonstrations at the US Naval Research Laboratory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MODULATING RETRO-REFLECTOR; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; PHASED-ARRAY; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; PROBABILITY DENSITY; TURBULENCE CHANNELS; COMMUNICATIONS LINK; 1550 NM; MU-M; PERFORMANCE AB Free-space optical communication can allow high-bandwidth data links that are hard to detect, intercept, or jam. This makes them attractive for many applications. However, these links also require very accurate pointing, and their availability is affected by weather. These challenges have limited the deployment of free-space optical systems. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has, for the last 15 years, engaged in research into atmospheric propagation and photonic components with a goal of characterizing and overcoming these limitations. In addition several demonstrations of free-space optical links in real-world Navy applications have been conducted. This paper reviews this work and the principles guiding it. C1 [Rabinovich, W. S.; Moore, C. I.; Mahon, R.; Goetz, P. G.; Burris, H. R.; Ferraro, M. S.; Murphy, J. L.; Thomas, L. M.; Gilbreath, G. C.; Vilcheck, M.; Suite, M. R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Rapid Reaction Technology Office FX Office of Naval Research; Rapid Reaction Technology Office. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F189 EP F200 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F189 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800024 PM 26560608 ER PT J AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, Alan TI Theoretical foundations of NRL spectral target detection algorithms SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION; SPARSE REPRESENTATION; ANOMALY DETECTION; CONTINUUM FUSION; MODELS; SYSTEM; GEOMETRY; SUBSPACE; DESIGN AB The principal spectral detection algorithms developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) over the past 20 years for use in operational systems are described. These include anomaly detectors, signature-based methods, and techniques for anomalous change detection. Newer derivations are provided that have motivated more recent work. Mathematical methods facilitating the use of forward models for the prediction of spectral signature statistics are described and a detection algorithm is derived for ocean surveillance that is based on principles of clairvoyant fusion. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schaum@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Office of Naval Research. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F286 EP F297 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F286 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800032 PM 26560617 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Stewart, MH Susumu, K Medintz, IL AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Stewart, Michael H. Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. TI Combining semiconductor quantum dots and bioscaffolds into nanoscale energy transfer devices SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID DNA PHOTONIC WIRES; TRANSFER RELAY; LIGANDS; LOGIC; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; OPPORTUNITIES; CHALLENGES; STABILITY AB Significant advances have been made in the development of nanoscale devices capable of exciton transport via Forster resonance energy transfer. Several requirements must be met for effective operation, including a reliable energy-harvesting source along with highly organized, precisely placed energy relay elements. For the latter, biological scaffolds such as DNA provide a customizable, symmetric, and stable structure that can be site-specifically modified with organic fluorophores. Here, advancements in nanoscale energy transfer devices incorporating semiconductor nanocrystals and bioscaffolds are reviewed with discussion of biofunctionalization, linker chemistries, design considerations, and concluding with applications in light harvesting, multiplexed biosensing, and optical logic. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Spillmann, Christopher M.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave S-W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Sciences and Technology Office (MIPR) [B112582M] FX Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Sciences and Technology Office (MIPR # B112582M). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F85 EP F95 DI 10.1364/AO.54.000F85 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800012 PM 26560627 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Ting, A Fischer, R AF Sprangle, Phillip Hafizi, Bahman Ting, Antonio Fischer, Richard TI High-power lasers for directed-energy applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT PROPAGATION; BEAM; ATMOSPHERE AB In this article, we review and discuss the research programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on highpower lasers for directed-energy (DE) applications in the atmosphere. Physical processes affecting propagation include absorption/scattering, turbulence, and thermal blooming. The power levels needed for DE applications require combining a number of lasers. In atmospheric turbulence, there is a maximum intensity that can be placed on a target that is independent of the initial beam spot size and laser beam quality. By combining a number of kW-class fiber lasers, scientists at the NRL have successfully demonstrated high-power laser propagation in a turbulent atmosphere and wireless recharging. In the NRL experiments, four incoherently combined fiber lasers having a total power of 5 kW were propagated to a target 3.2 km away. These successful high-power experiments in a realistic atmosphere formed the basis of the Navy's Laser Weapon System. We compare the propagation characteristics of coherently and incoherently combined beams without adaptive optics. There is little difference in the energy on target between coherently and incoherently combined laser beams for multi-km propagation ranges and moderate to high levels of turbulence. Unlike incoherent combining, coherent combining places severe constraints on the individual lasers. These include the requirement of narrow power spectral linewidths in order to have long coherence times as well as polarization alignment of all the lasers. These requirements are extremely difficult for high-power lasers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Hafizi, Bahman; Ting, Antonio; Fischer, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil FU High-Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX High-Energy Laser-Joint Technology Office; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 57 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F201 EP F209 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F201 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800025 PM 26560609 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Pruessner, MW Rabinovich, WS Park, D Mahon, R Kozak, DA Boos, JB Holmstrom, SA Khurgin, JB AF Stievater, Todd H. Pruessner, Marcel W. Rabinovich, William S. Park, Doewon Mahon, Rita Kozak, Dmitry A. Boos, J. Bradley Holmstrom, Scott A. Khurgin, Jacob B. TI Suspended photonic waveguide devices SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; FABRY-PEROT MICROCAVITIES; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; 1.55 MU-M; RAMAN-SCATTERING; RADIATION-PRESSURE; THZ GENERATION; NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; OPTOMECHANICAL SYSTEM; BRAGG MIRRORS AB This article describes recent research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory that focuses on the use of micro-and nanomachining techniques for photonic waveguide devices. By selectively etching a sacrificial layer that the waveguide core is supported by, in whole or in part, the waveguide obtains enhanced properties and functionality, such as mechanical flexibility, index contrast, birefringence, and evanescent field depth. We describe how these properties enable unique waveguide applications in areas such as cavity optomechanics, displacement sensing, electro-optics, and nonlinear optics. C1 [Stievater, Todd H.; Pruessner, Marcel W.; Rabinovich, William S.; Park, Doewon; Mahon, Rita; Kozak, Dmitry A.; Boos, J. Bradley] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holmstrom, Scott A.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Khurgin, Jacob B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM opticalmems@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP F164 EP F173 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00F164 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800021 PM 26560604 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CA AF Hoffman, Craig A. TI US Naval Research Laboratory focus issue: introduction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Rather than concentrate on a single topic, this feature issue presents the wide variety of research in optics that takes place at a single institution, the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and is analogous to an NRL feature issue published in Applied Optics in 1967. NRL is the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps. It conducts a broadly based multidisciplinary program of scientific research and advanced technological development in the physical, engineering, space, and environmental sciences related to maritime, atmospheric, and space domains. NRL's research is directed toward new and improved materials, techniques, equipment, and systems in response to identified and anticipated Navy needs. A number of articles in this issue review progress in broader research areas while other articles present the latest results on specific topics. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoffman, CA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM craig.hoffman@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP NRL1 EP NRL1 DI 10.1364/AO.54.00NRL1 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800035 PM 26560629 ER PT J AU Nickerson, WC AF Nickerson, William C. TI US Naval Aviation: operational airframe experience with combined environmental and mechanical loading SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE combined loading; corrosion; durability; material degradation; structural lifing AB Airframe structure is the core capability for all aviation operations, whether fixed or rotary wing, manned or unmanned, or ship-based or shore-based. Airframe materials are the underlying enabling technology for all air vehicle structures. Airframe maintainability is the primary availability and readiness driver for U.S. Naval Aviation. Traditionally, airframe structures are designed for immediate mechanical performance and loads-only structural response, and the degradation of properties over the life cycle and sustainment during operations are often an afterthought. Galvanic management and corrosion-resistant materials selection have never been done systematically as part of the structural analysis and lifing process. Additionally, the lack of true failure mechanism understanding of load path effects, crack initiation and growth behaviors, and nonuniform material response has often resulted in underdesign/overdesign, limits on new material insertion, costly life extension programs, and unexpected early in-service failures. Advances in structural and materials science for airframes offer significant opportunity for improvements in availability, readiness, reduced sustainment requirements, fatigue life enhancement, reduced weight and improved range, and enhanced design tools and standard practices. These science and technology advances would be realized in large part through the engineering and operational communities by facilitating mission profile-specific life prediction and operational requirement-tailored functionality, increasing operational readiness, reducing life-cycle costs, reducing logistics footprint, and lowering the maintenance burden on uniformed personnel. Durability can therefore be incorporated into the design and construction phase, where the largest return can be realized. C1 Off Naval Res, Air Warfare & Weap Dept, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Nickerson, WC (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Air Warfare & Weap Dept, Code 35, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM william.nickerson@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0334-6005 EI 2191-0316 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1515/corrrev-2015-0067 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA CV8ZZ UT WOS:000364578400002 ER PT J AU Goswami, R AF Goswami, Ramasis TI Localized dissolution of grain boundary T-1 precipitates in Al-3Cu-2Li SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Al-Li alloys; localized attack; microstructure; precipitation; TEM ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AL-LI ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; HIGH-STRENGTH; CU ALLOYS; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; AL2CUMG; GROWTH AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the dissolution behavior of nanocrystalline grain boundary T-1 precipitates in Al-3Cu-2Li. These grain boundary T-1 plates exhibit an orientation relation with matrix, with the (1-11)alpha-Al parallel to (0001) T1 and [022]alpha-Al parallel to [10-10]T1, which is similar to the orientation relationship of T-1 plates formed within grains. TEM studies showed that these grain boundary T-1 plates react readily in moist air. As a result of the localized dissolution, the Cu-rich clusters form onto T-1, which is consistent with the localized dissolution behavior observed in nanocrystalline S phase in Al-Cu-Mg. C1 [Goswami, Ramasis] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Multifunct Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Multifunct Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's 6.1 Research Program; ONR [N0001414WX00826] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's 6.1 Research Program. I would like to thank Dr. L. Kabacoff, ONR, for funding under contract N0001414WX00826. Special thanks are due to Dr. A.K. Vasudevan for providing technical guidance to this study. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0334-6005 EI 2191-0316 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 33 IS 6 SI SI BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1515/corrrev-2015-0032 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA CV8ZZ UT WOS:000364578400010 ER PT J AU Wagner, SC Formby, P Keblish, DJ AF Wagner, Scott C. Formby, Peter Keblish, David J. TI Bilateral Glenoid Hypoplasia in a College Football Athlete: a Case Report and Review of the Literature SO CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY; DYSPLASIA; SCAPULA; NECK C1 [Wagner, Scott C.; Formby, Peter] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Wagner, Scott C.; Formby, Peter] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Div Orthopaed, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Keblish, David J.] US Naval Acad, Orthopaed Surg, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wagner, SC (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM scott.cameron.wagner@gmail.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1537-890X EI 1537-8918 J9 CURR SPORT MED REP JI Curr. Sport. Med. Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 14 IS 6 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000204 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA CV7WD UT WOS:000364485700006 PM 26561762 ER PT J AU Heckman, CR Schwartz, IB Hsieh, MA AF Heckman, Christoffer R. Schwartz, Ira B. Hsieh, M. Ani TI Toward efficient navigation in uncertain gyre-like flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER) CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL MOROCCO DE Underwater robots; navigation; Lagrangian coherent structures ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; UNDERWATER VEHICLES; DISSIPATION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; EXPLICIT; FIELDS; MODEL AB We present the development and experimental validation of an autonomous surface/underwater vehicle control strategy that leverages the environmental dynamics and uncertainty to navigate in a stochastic fluidic environment. We assume that the workspace is composed of the union of a collection of disjoint regions, each bounded by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). LCSs are dynamical features in the flow field that behave like invariant manifolds in general time-invariant dynamical systems and delineate the boundaries of attraction basins. We analyze a passive particle's noise-induced transition between adjacent LCS-bounded regions and show how most probable escape trajectories with respect to the transition probability between adjacent LCS-bounded regions can be determined. Additionally, we show how the likelihood of transition can be controlled through minimal actuation. The result is an energy efficient navigation strategy that leverages the inherent dynamics of the surrounding flow field for mobile sensors operating in a noisy fluidic environment. We experimentally validate the proposed vehicle control strategy and analyze its theoretical properties. Our results show that the single vehicle control parameter exhibits a predictable exponential scaling with respect to the escape times and is effective even in situations where the structure of the flow is not fully known and control effort is costly. C1 [Heckman, Christoffer R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Autonomous Robot & Percept Grp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] US Naval Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Hsieh, M. Ani] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Heckman, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Autonomous Robot & Percept Grp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christoffer.heckman@colorado.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [F1ATA01098G001, N0001412WX-20083]; Naval Research Base Program [N0001412WX30002]; ONR [N000141211019, N000141310731] FX This research was performed while CRH held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Naval Research Laboratory. IBS was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (award numbers F1ATA01098G001 and N0001412WX-20083) and by Naval Research Base Program N0001412WX30002. MAH and the mCoSTe are also supported by the ONR (award numbers N000141211019 and N000141310731). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 34 IS 13 SI SI BP 1590 EP 1603 DI 10.1177/0278364915585396 PG 14 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA CW1FU UT WOS:000364735800005 ER PT J AU Conley, SP Littlejohn, LF Henao, J DeVito, SS Zarow, GJ AF Conley, Sean P. Littlejohn, Lanny F. Henao, Jose DeVito, Sara S. Zarow, Gregory J. TI Control of Junctional Hemorrhage in a Consensus Swine Model With Hemostatic Gauze Products Following Minimal Training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTREMITY ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGE; COMBAT GAUZE; DRESSINGS; AGENTS; EFFICACY; INJURY; COAGULOPATHY; TRAUMA; DEATH AB Objective: Uncontrolled hemorrhage from junctional wounds that cannot be controlled by traditional tourniquets accounts for one in five preventable battlefield exsanguination deaths. Products for treating these wounds are costly and require special training. However, chemically treated gauze products are inexpensive, potentially effective, and require only minimal training. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of three hemostatic gauze products following brief training, using a consensus swine groin injury model. Methods: After viewing a 15-minute PowerPoint presentation, without demonstration or practice, 24 U.S. Navy Corpsmen, most with little to no live tissue or hemostatic agent experience, applied one of three hemostatic agents: QuikClot Combat Gauze, Celox Trauma Gauze, or Hemcon ChitoGauze. Animals were resuscitated and monitored for 150 minutes to assess initial hemostasis, blood loss, rebleeding, and survival. Participants completed a survey before training and following testing. Results: Products were similar in initial hemostasis, blood loss, and rebleeding. Twenty-three swine survived (96%). Ease of use and perceived efficacy of training ratings were high. Comfort level with application improved following training. Conclusions: Hemostatic gauze can potentially be effective for treating junctional wounds following minimal training, which has important implications for corpsmen, self-aid/buddy-aid, civilian providers, and Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines. C1 [Conley, Sean P.; Littlejohn, Lanny F.; Henao, Jose; DeVito, Sara S.; Zarow, Gregory J.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Combat Trauma Res Grp, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Conley, SP (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Combat Trauma Res Grp, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. FU Naval Medical Center Portsmouth's Commander's Grant government fund FX We thank the resident members of Naval Medical Center Portsmouth's (NMCP) Combat Trauma Research Group, Stephanie Gomez, Lt COL Krinon, and the staff of the NMCP CID Vivarium, Darlene Lamb, LCDR M. Mitchel, and the Corpsmen of NMCP's Emergency Department. This research is entirely funded by a grant from the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth's Commander's Grant government fund. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 180 IS 11 BP 1189 EP 1195 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00541 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV9UT UT WOS:000364633400018 PM 26540712 ER PT J AU Glasbrenner, JK Mazin, II Jeschke, HO Hirschfeld, PJ Fernandes, RM Valenti, R AF Glasbrenner, J. K. Mazin, I. I. Jeschke, Harald O. Hirschfeld, P. J. Fernandes, R. M. Valenti, Roser TI Effect of magnetic frustration on nematicity and superconductivity in iron chalcogenides SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE; PNICTIDES AB Over the past few years iron chalcogenides have been intensively studied as part of the wider family of iron-based superconductors, with many intriguing results reported so far on intercalated and monolayer Fe Se. Nevertheless, bulk Fe Se itself remains an unusual case when compared with pnictogen-based iron superconductors, and may hold clues to understanding the more exotic derivatives of the Fe Se system. The Fe Se phase diagram is distinct from the pnictides: the orthorhombic distortion, which is likely to be of a 'spin-nematic' nature in numerous pnictides, is not accompanied by magnetic order in Fe Se, and the superconducting transition temperature T-c rises significantly with pressure before decreasing. Here we show that the magnetic interactions in Fe Se, as opposed to most pnictides, demonstrate an unusual and unanticipated frustration, which suppresses magnetic (but not nematic) order, triggers ferro-orbital order in the nematic phase and can naturally explain the non-monotonic pressure dependence of the superconducting critical temperature T-c(P). C1 [Glasbrenner, J. K.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jeschke, Harald O.; Valenti, Roser] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hirschfeld, P. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fernandes, R. M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Glasbrenner, JK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.glasbrenner.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009; Fernandes, Rafael/E-9273-2010; Glasbrenner, James/K-5614-2015 OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024; Glasbrenner, James/0000-0003-2198-2309 FU ONR through the NRL Basic Research Program; NRC Program at NRL; US DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46236]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012336]; KITP under NSF [PHY11-25915]; [DFG-SPP1458] FX We thank M. Tomic for running some test calculations at the initial stages of this work and D. Guterding, S. Backes, A. Coldea, A. Chubukov, N. Perkins, S. Kivelson and W. Ku for valuable discussions. I.I.M. is supported by ONR through the NRL Basic Research Program. J.K.G. acknowledges the support of the NRC Program at NRL. H.O.J. and R.V. are supported by DFG-SPP1458. P.J.H. was partially supported by US DOE DE-FG02-05ER46236. R.M.F. is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award number DE-SC0012336. I.I.M., R.V. and P.J.H. were supported in part by KITP under NSF grant PHY11-25915. NR 49 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 14 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 11 IS 11 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3434 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CW2DF UT WOS:000364800600021 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Liu, X Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Lupke, G AF Zheng, Wei Liu, Xiao Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Jonker, Berend T. Luepke, Gunter TI Nonlinear magneto-plasmonics SO Optical Materials Express LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL PROCESSES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; METALLIC-FILMS; SILVER FILMS; THIN-FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT AB Nonlinear magneto-plasmonics (NMP) describes systems where nonlinear optics, magnetics and plasmonics are all involved. In such systems, nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect (nonlinear MOKE) plays an important role as a characterization method, and Surface Plasmons (SPs) work as catalyst to induce many new effects. Magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation (MSHG) is the major nonlinear magneto-optical process involved. The new effects include enhanced MSHG, controlled and enhanced magnetic contrast, etc. Nanostructures such as thin films, nanoparticles, nanogratings, and nanoarrays are critical for the excitation of SPs, which makes NMP an interdisciplinary research field in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this review article, we organize recent work in this field into two categories: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) representing propagating surface plasmons, and localized surface plasmons (LSPs), also called particle plasmons. We review the structures, experiments, findings, and the applications of NMP from various groups. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Zheng, Wei; Liu, Xiao; Luepke, Gunter] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Jonker, Berend T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM wzheng@email.wm.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46127]; core programs at NRL; NRL Nanoscience Institute FX The optical experiments performed at the College of William and Mary are supported by the Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46127. The sample growth at NRL is supported by core programs at NRL and the NRL Nanoscience Institute. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 11 BP 2597 EP 2607 DI 10.1364/OME.5.002597 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CV7PY UT WOS:000364467700022 ER PT J AU Thapa, R Gattass, RR Nguyen, V Chin, G Gibson, D Kim, W Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Thapa, Rajesh Gattass, Rafael R. Nguyen, Vinh Chin, Geoff Gibson, Dan Kim, Woohong Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Low-loss, robust fusion splicing of silica to chalcogenide fiber for integrated mid-infrared laser technology development SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FIBERS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; POWER AB We demonstrate a low-loss, repeatable, and robust splice between single-mode silica fiber and single-mode chalcogenide (CHG) fiber. These splices are particularly difficult to create because of the significant difference in the two fibers' glass transition temperatures (similar to 1000 degrees C) as well as the large difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the fibers (similar to 20 x 10(-6)/degrees C). With 90% light coupled through the silica -CHG fiber splice, predominantly in the fundamental circular-symmetric mode, into the core of the CHG fiber and with 0.5 dB of splice loss measured around the wavelength of 2.5 mu m, after correcting only for the Fresnel loss, the silica-CHG splice offers excellent beam quality and coupling efficiency. The tensile strength of the splice is greater than 12 kpsi, and the laser damage threshold is greater than 2 W (CW) and was limited by the available laser pump power. We also utilized this splicing technique to demonstrate 2 to 4.5 mu m ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation in a monolithic all-fiber system comprising a CHG fiber and a high peak power 2 mu m pulsed Raman-shifted thulium fiber laser. This is a major development toward compact form factor commercial applications of soft-glass mid-IR fibers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Thapa, Rajesh] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Gattass, Rafael R.; Nguyen, Vinh; Gibson, Dan; Kim, Woohong; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20045 USA. [Chin, Geoff] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Thapa, R (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 2121 Cooperat Way Suite 400, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM rajesh.thapa.ctr.np@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5074 EP 5077 DI 10.1364/OL.40.005074 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7QH UT WOS:000364468600064 PM 26512522 ER PT J AU Gaskill, T Pullen, WM Bryant, B Sicignano, N Evans, AM DeMaio, M AF Gaskill, Trevor Pullen, W. Michael Bryant, Brandon Sicignano, Nicholas Evans, Amber M. DeMaio, Marlene TI The Prevalence of Symptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE complications; arthroscopic; anterior cruciate ligament; knee surgery; pulmonary embolism; deep venous thrombosis ID ARTHROSCOPIC KNEE SURGERY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VEIN THROMBOSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; METAANALYSIS; THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; PREVENTION AB Background: Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. The incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ACL reconstruction remain unclear. Purpose: To define the incidence of VTE after ACL reconstruction and identify associated risk factors in a large cohort of patients. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All patients aged 18 years who underwent ACL reconstruction between 2005 and 2011 were identified from the Department of Defense Medical Data Repository. The prevalence of VTE, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), within 3 months of ACL reconstruction was queried. Univariate analyses were performed to define odds ratios (ORs) for demographic, medication use, and procedural-related risk factors. Results: A total of 87 VTE events (0.53% [95% CI, 0.42%-0.65%]) occurred after 16,558 ACL reconstructions performed on 15,767 patients. DVT was documented after 55 procedures and PE after 35 procedures. Three patients were documented to have both DVT and PE within the study period. The odds of VTE increased in patients aged 35 years (OR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.27-3.04]; P = .003). Nicotine history increased the odds of DVT (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.15-3.43]; P = .014). Concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) increased the odds of PE (OR, 18.31 [95% CI, 2.4-139.6]; P = .005), whereas concomitant posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction increased the odds of both VTE (OR, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.07-11.2]; P = .38) and DVT (OR, 5.57 [95% CI, 1.71-18.14]; P = .004). Nonsteroidal drug use was associated with decreased odds for VTE and DVT (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.28-0.70]; P < .001 and OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22-0.69]; P < .001, respectively). Anticoagulants were associated with increased odds for VTE, DVT, and PE (OR, 98.32 [95% CI, 61.63-156.86]; P < .001; OR, 111.93 [95% CI, 63.95-195.92]; P < .001; and OR, 47.84 [95% CI, 22.55-101.52]; P < .001, respectively). No detectible difference in odds was found for sex, body mass index, or aspirin or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor use. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE after ACL reconstruction in this large population was low. Increased odds of VTE was identified in patients aged 35 years with a history of nicotine use, anticoagulant use, concomitant HTO, or concomitant PCL reconstruction. Controlled studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis and to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to minimize VTE after ACL reconstruction. C1 [Gaskill, Trevor; Pullen, W. Michael; Bryant, Brandon; Sicignano, Nicholas; Evans, Amber M.; DeMaio, Marlene] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. RP Gaskill, T (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. EM Trevor.gaskill@icloud.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2714 EP 2719 DI 10.1177/0363546515601970 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA CV3XF UT WOS:000364199100012 PM 26391861 ER PT J AU Grimshaw, R Broutman, D Laughman, B Eckermann, SD AF Grimshaw, Roger Broutman, Dave Laughman, Brian Eckermann, Stephen D. TI Solitary Waves and Undular Bores in a Mesosphere Duct SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Gravity waves; Solitary waves ID STRATIFIED SHEAR FLOWS; INTERNAL WAVES; DOPPLER DUCT; EVENT; LONG; ANTARCTICA; EQUATIONS; FLUIDS AB Mesospheric bores have been observed and measured in the mesopause region near 100-km altitude, where they propagate horizontally along a duct of relatively strong density stratification. Here, a weakly nonlinear theory is developed for the description of these mesospheric bores. It extends previous theories by allowing internal gravity wave radiation from the duct into the surrounding stratified regions, which are formally assumed to be weakly stratified. The radiation away from the duct is expected to be important for bore energetics. The theory is compared with a numerical simulation of the full Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. Two initial conditions are considered. The first is a solitary wave solution that would propagate without change of form if the region outside the duct were unstratified. The second is a sinusoid that evolves into an undular bore. The main conclusion is that, while solitary waves and undular bores decay by radiation from the duct, they can survive as significant structures over sufficiently long periods (similar to 100 min) to be observable. C1 [Grimshaw, Roger] Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Broutman, Dave] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Laughman, Brian] GATS Boulder Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Grimshaw, R (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM R.H.J.Grimshaw@lboro.ac.uk FU Chief of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory's base 6.1 research program FX SDE was supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's base 6.1 research program. We acknowledge Dr. Joseph Werne as the primary architect of the NWRA triple code described as the "full system'' in section 3b. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 4412 EP 4422 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0351.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV3UU UT WOS:000364192700018 ER PT J AU Auten, JD Lunceford, NL Horton, JL Galarneau, MR Galindo, RM Shepps, CD Zieber, TJ Dewing, CB AF Auten, Jonathan D. Lunceford, Nicole L. Horton, Jaime L. Galarneau, Mike R. Galindo, Roger M. Shepps, Craig D. Zieber, Tara J. Dewing, Chris B. TI The safety of early fresh, whole blood transfusion among severely battle injured at US Marine Corps forward surgical care facilities in Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians (ACEP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys DE Whole blood; transfusion; coagulopathy; mortality; apheresis platelets ID IMPROVED SURVIVAL; TRANEXAMIC ACID; TRAUMA PATIENTS; COMBAT; COAGULOPATHY; MILITARY; EXPERIENCE; OPERATIONS; PLATELETS; MEDICINE AB BACKGROUND In Afghanistan, care of the acutely injured trauma patient commonly occurred in facilities with limited blood banking capabilities. Apheresis platelets were often not available. Component therapy consisted of 1:1 packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. Fresh, whole blood transfusion often augmented therapy in the severely injured patient. This study analyzed the safety of fresh, whole blood use in a resource-limited setting. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively collected data set of US battle injuries presenting to three US Marine Corps (USMC) expeditionary surgical care facilities in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, between January 2010 and July 2012. Included in the review were patients with Injury Severity Scores (ISSs) of 15 or higher receiving blood transfusions. Univariate analyses were performed, followed by multivariable logistic regression to describe the relationship between the treatment group and posttreatment complications such as trauma-induced coagulopathy, infection, mortality, venous thromboembolism, and transfusion reaction. Propensity scores were calculated and included in multivariable models to adjust for potential bias in treatment selection. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were identified; all were male marines with a mean (SD) age of 23.5 (3.6) years. The group receiving fresh, whole blood was noted to have higher ISSs and lower blood pressure, pH, and base deficits on arrival. Traumatic coagulopathy was significantly less common in the group receiving fresh, whole blood (odds ratio, 0.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.18). Multivariable models found no other significant differences between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION The early use of fresh, whole blood in a resource-limited setting seems to confer a benefit in reducing traumatic coagulopathy. This study's small sample size precludes further statement on the overall safety of fresh, whole blood use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapy study, level IV. C1 [Auten, Jonathan D.; Lunceford, Nicole L.; Galindo, Roger M.; Dewing, Chris B.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Horton, Jaime L.; Galarneau, Mike R.; Zieber, Tara J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Shepps, Craig D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants, England. RP Auten, JD (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jdauten@gmail.com NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1097/TA.0000000000000842 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA CV3XX UT WOS:000364201100013 PM 26496103 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Shang, SL Hu, CM Du, KP Weidemann, A Hou, WL Lin, JF Lin, G AF Lee, ZhongPing Shang, Shaoling Hu, Chuanmin Du, Keping Weidemann, Alan Hou, Weilin Lin, Junfang Lin, Gong TI Secchi disk depth: A new theory and mechanistic model for underwater visibility SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Secchi disk depth; Water transparency; Visibility theory; Remote sensing; Beam attenuation coefficient; Diffuse attenuation coefficient ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; DIFFUSE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT; CASE-1 WATERS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; OCEAN TRANSPARENCY; LIGHT ATTENUATION; SHALLOW WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; GREAT-LAKES AB Secchi disk depth (ZsD) is a measure of water transparency, whose interpretation has wide applications from diver visibility to studies of climate change. This transparency has been explained in the past 60 + years with the underwater visibility theory, the branch of the general visibility theory for visual ranging in water. However, through a thorough review of the physical processes involved in visual ranging in water, we show that this theory may not exactly represent the sighting of a Secchi disk by a human eye. Further, we update the Law of Contrast Reduction, a key concept in visibility theory, and develop a new theoretical model to interpret ZsD. Unlike the classical model that relies strongly on the beam attenuation coefficient, the new model relies only on the diffuse attenuation coefficient at a wavelength corresponding to the maximum transparency for such interpretations. This model is subsequently validated using a large (N = 338) dataset of independent measurements covering oceanic, coastal, and lake waters, with results showing excellent agreement (similar to 18% average absolute difference, R-2 = 0.96) between measured and theoretically predicted ZsD ranging from <1 m to >30 m without regional tuning of any model parameters. This study provides a more generalized view of visual ranging, and the mechanistic model is expected to significantly improve the current capacity in monitoring water transparency of the global aquatic environments via satellite remote sensing. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Lin, Junfang] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Shang, Shaoling; Lin, Gong] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Du, Keping] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Weidemann, Alan; Hou, Weilin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM zhongping.lee@umb.edu; slshang@xmu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376177, 41471284]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013BAB04B00]; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14AK08G, NNX14AQ47A, NNX14AM15G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DG-133E-12-SE-1931]; Office of Naval Research [PE 0602435N]; University of Massachusetts Boston [P20120000019675] FX We are in debt to all scientists who provided the valuable field data for community use. Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41376177, Shang; No. 41471284, Du) and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013BAB04B00, Shang), the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) (NNX14AK08G, NNX14AQ47A, NNX14AM15G) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water and Energy Cycle Programs (Lee, Hu), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (DG-133E-12-SE-1931) JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project (Lee, Hu), Office of Naval Research (PE 0602435N, Hou, Weidemann), and the University of Massachusetts Boston (P20120000019675). Comments and suggestions by Curt Mobley and Ron Zaneveld greatly improved this manuscript. NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 169 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CU8TB UT WOS:000363815900010 ER PT J AU Luxton, DD Pruitt, LD O'Brien, K Kramer, G AF Luxton, David D. Pruitt, Larry D. O'Brien, Karen Kramer, Gregory TI An Evaluation of the Feasibility and Safety of a Home-Based Telemental Health Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress in the US Military SO TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article DE telemental health; home-based; behavioral activation; military; posttraumatic stress disorder ID SLEEP QUALITY INDEX; BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION; VETERANS; DEPRESSION; PTSD; DISORDER; EXPOSURE; SYMPTOMS; TRIAL AB Background:Although home-based telemental health options have the potential to greatly expand the range of services available to U.S. military service members, there remains a need to demonstrate that home-based care is technically feasible, safe, and effective and meets the military health system's standards of care before widespread implementation can be achieved. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of providing U.S. military service members with a behavioral health treatment delivered directly to the home using videoconferencing.Materials and Methods:Ten previously deployed soldiers volunteered to complete eight sessions of a novel behavioral activation treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. The primary clinical outcomes assessed included symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression. Patient safety data and attitudes about seeking mental health services, treatment satisfaction, treatment adherence, and treatment compliance were also assessed.Results:Clinically significant reductions in posttraumatic stress symptom severity and depression symptoms were observed. Soldiers indicated high levels of satisfaction with the treatment, and there were no adverse events requiring activation of emergency safety procedures. Technical problems associated with the network were observed but successfully mitigated.Conclusions:The results provide initial support for the feasibility and safety of telemental health treatments delivered by videoconferencing to the homes of soldiers. The optimal technical infrastructure needs to be determined to support expansion of synchronous videoconferencing capabilities to the home. The findings provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility, safety, and high user satisfaction with home-based telemental health in the military setting. C1 [Luxton, David D.; Pruitt, Larry D.; O'Brien, Karen; Kramer, Gregory] Natl Ctr Telehlth & Technol, Joint Base Lewis Mcchord, WA USA. [Luxton, David D.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Luxton, DD (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd,Bldg 322, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM david.d.luxton.civ@mail.mil FU U.S. Department of the Army through federal grant [W81XWH-11-2-0118]; The Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD FX This project is partially supported by the U.S. Department of the Army through federal grant award W81XWH-11-2-0118. The Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD is the awarding and administering acquisition office. We are grateful for the contributions to this project made by Amy Wagner, PhD, Russell McCann, PhD, Lisa Thomas, LPN, CCRC, Katherine Stanfill, PhD, Karyna Boykin, CCRC, Michael Audas, MA, Mark Reger, PhD, Gregory Gahm, PhD, and Matthew Jakupcak, PhD. We are also grateful for the support of the Department of Behavioral Health and the Post Deployment Health Re-Assessment Clinic of the Department of Operational Medicine and Deployment Health at Madigan Army Medical Center. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 EI 1556-3669 J9 TELEMED E-HEALTH JI Telemed. e-Health PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 21 IS 11 BP 880 EP 886 DI 10.1089/tmj.2014.0235 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA CV5DP UT WOS:000364287400004 PM 26103565 ER PT J AU Kotulak, NA Chen, MX Schreiber, N Jones, K Opila, RL AF Kotulak, Nicole A. Chen, Meixi Schreiber, Nikolas Jones, Kevin Opila, Robert L. TI Examining the free radical bonding mechanism of benzoquinone- and hydroquinone-methanol passivation of silicon surfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Surface Science (ECOSS) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2014 CL Antalya, TURKEY DE Benzoquinone; Quinhydrone; Hydroquinone; Surface passivation; Silicon; Effective lifetime ID RAMAN-SCATTERING AB The surface passivation of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) when dissolved in methanol (ME) has been examined through effective lifetime testing of crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers treated with the aforementioned solutions. Changes in the availability of both photons and protons in the solutions were demonstrated to affect the level of passivation achieved. The requirement of both excess protons and ambient light exposure to maintain high effective lifetimes supports the presence of a free radical species that drives the surface passivation. Surface analysis suggests a 1:1 ratio of HQ-like bonds to methoxy bonds on the c-Si surface after treatment with a BQ/ME solution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kotulak, Nicole A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Meixi] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jones, Kevin; Opila, Robert L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Schreiber, Nikolas] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kotulak, NA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. EM nicole.kotulak.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA [EEC-1041895] FX This material is based upon work primarily supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA No. EEC-1041895. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of NSF or DOE. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 354 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.02.127 PN B PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CU6VS UT WOS:000363673500033 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE Schmidt, J AF Nachamkin, Jason E. Schmidt, Jerome TI Applying a Neighborhood Fractions Sampling Approach as a Diagnostic Tool SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecast verification; skill; Mesoscale forecasting ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; VERIFICATION METHODS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MESOSCALE; CONVECTION; MODEL; ORGANIZATION; FORMULATION AB The fractions skill score (FSS) belongs to a class of spatial neighborhood techniques that measures forecast skill from samples of gridded forecasts and observations at increasing spatial scales. Each sample contains the fraction of the predicted and observed quantities that exist above a threshold value. Skill is gauged by the rate that the observed and predicted fractions converge with increasing scale. In this study, neighborhood sampling is applied to diagnose the performance of high-resolution (1.67 km) precipitation forecasts over central Florida. Reliability diagrams derived from the spatial fractions indicate that the FSS can be influenced by small, low-predictability events. Further tests indicate the FSS is subtly affected by samples from points on and near the grid boundaries. Inclusion of these points tends to reduce the magnitude and sensitivity of the FSS, especially at large scales. An attempt to mine data from the set of neighborhood fractions was moderately successful at obtaining descriptive information about the precipitation fields. The width of the distribution of the fractions at each scale provided information concerning forecast resolution and sharpness. The rate at which the distribution of the fractions converged toward the domain mean with increasing scale was found to be sensitive to the uniformity of coverage of precipitation through the domain. Generally, the 6-h forecasts possessed greater spatial skill than those at 12 h. High-FSS values at 12 h were mostly associated with evenly distributed precipitation patterns, while the 6-h forecasts also performed well for several nonuniform cases. C1 [Nachamkin, Jason E.; Schmidt, Jerome] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jason.nachamkin@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD); National Science Foundation FX This research is supported by a grant from the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD). Computer resources for the COAMPS simulations and data archival were supported in part by a grant of high performance computing (HPC) time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. The work was performed on an IBM iDataPlex computer. The River Forecast Centers stage IV data were collected from the NCAR CODIAC data server provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4736 EP 4749 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00411.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800024 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Davis, J Adams, AA Anderson, GP Liu, JL Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, Paul T. Davis, Jasmine Adams, Andre A. Anderson, George P. Liu, Jinny L. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Kusterbeck, Anne W. TI Multi-channeled single chain variable fragment (scFv) based microfluidic device for explosives detection SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE TNT; Immunosensor; scFv; Recombinant protein; Fluorescence; Microchannel ID NITROAROMATIC EXPLOSIVES; RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES; DOMAIN ANTIBODIES; POLYMER-FILMS; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; IMMUNOSENSOR; FIELD; MICROIMMUNOSENSOR; SPECTROMETRY AB The development of explosives detection technologies has increased significantly over the years as environmental and national security agencies implement tighter pollution control measures and methods for improving homeland security. 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), known primarily as a component in munitions, has been targeted for both its toxicity and carcinogenic properties that if present at high concentrations can be a detriment to both humans, marine and plant ecosystems. Enabling end users with environmental detection and monitoring systems capable of providing real-time, qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of these toxic compounds would be extremely beneficial. Reported herein is the development of a multi-channeled microfluidic device immobilized with single chain fragment variable (scFv) recombinant proteins specific for the explosive, TNT. Fluorescence displacement immunoassays performed under constant flow demonstrated trace level sensitivity and specificity for TNT. The utility of three multi-channeled devices immobilized with either (1) scFv recombinant protein, (2) biotinylated-scFv (bt-scFv) and (3) monoclonal anti-TNT (whole IgG molecule) were investigated and compared. Fluorescence dose response curves, crossreactivity measurements and limits of detection CLOD) for TNT were determined. Fluorescence displacement immunoassays for TNT in natural seawater demonstrated detection limits at sub-parts-per-billion levels (0.5 ppb) utilizing the microfluidic device with immobilized bt-scFv. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Charles, Paul T.; Davis, Jasmine; Adams, Andre A.; Anderson, George P.; Liu, Jinny L.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6920, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6920, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.charles@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Naval Research Laboratory - Office of Naval Research (ONR); HBCU/MI Summer Internship Program [N0001412WX21239] FX This research was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory from base program funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Jasmine Davis's work was supported under the HBCU/MI Summer Internship Program (Grant# N0001412WX21239). The views expressed here represent those of the author and do not reflect those of NRL, the Navy, or the Department of Defense (DoD). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 144 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CU2IC UT WOS:000363346200062 PM 26452845 ER PT J AU Park, H Sun, J Pekarek, S Stone, P Opila, D Meyer, R Kolmanovsky, I DeCarlo, R AF Park, Hyeongjun Sun, Jing Pekarek, Steven Stone, Philip Opila, Daniel Meyer, Richard Kolmanovsky, Ilya DeCarlo, Raymond TI Real-Time Model Predictive Control for Shipboard Power Management Using the IPA-SQP Approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Integrated perturbation analysis and sequential quadratic programming (IPA-SQP); integrated power system (IPS); model predictive control (MPC); power management control (PMC); real-time optimization ID NONLINEAR MPC; RECONFIGURATION; RESTORATION; SYSTEMS AB Shipboard integrated power systems, the key enablers of ship electrification, call for effective power management control (PMC) to achieve optimal and reliable operation in dynamic environments under hardware limitations and operational constraints. The design of PMC can be treated naturally in a model predictive control (MPC) framework, where a cost function is minimized over a prediction horizon subject to constraints. The real-time implementation of MPC-based PMC, however, is challenging due to computational complexity of the numerical optimization. In this paper, an MPC-based PMC for a shipboard power system is developed and its real-time implementation is investigated. To meet the requirements for real-time computation, an integrated perturbation analysis and sequential quadratic programming (IPA-SQP) algorithm is applied to solve a constrained MPC optimization problem. Several operational scenarios are considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed PMC solution. Simulations and experiments show that real-time optimization, constraint enforcement, and fast load following can be achieved with the IPA-SQP algorithm. Different performance attributes and their tradeoffs can be coordinated through proper tuning of the design parameters. C1 [Park, Hyeongjun; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sun, Jing] Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pekarek, Steven; DeCarlo, Raymond] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stone, Philip; Opila, Daniel] GE Energy Power Convers Naval Syst Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. [Opila, Daniel] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Meyer, Richard] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM judepark@umich.edu; jingsun@umich.edu; spekarek@purdue.edu; philip.stone@ge.com; opila@usna.edu; rtmeyer@purdue.edu; ilya@umich.edu; decarlo@purdue.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-D-0726] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-09-D-0726. Recommended by Associate Editor E. Kerrigan. (Corresponding author: Jing Sun.) NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2143 DI 10.1109/TCST.2015.2402233 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CU1BF UT WOS:000363253300005 ER PT J AU Briggs, MJ Kopp, PJ Silver, AL Wiggins, W AF Briggs, M. J. Kopp, P. J. Silver, A. L. Wiggins, W. TI Probabilistic model for predicting deep-draught channel design: Savannah, GA entrance channel SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Vertical ship motions; Underkeel clearance; Deep draught navigation; Entrance channel design; Numerical models; Risk-based design ID WATER AB A vertical ship motion study was conducted to evaluate three proposed channel alignments S-1, S-3, and S-8 in the Savannah, GA entrance channel. These alignment changes (doglegs) are proposed to allow ships to reach deeper water in less distance, with reduced dredging costs. The Channel Analysis and Design Evaluation Tool (CADET) was used to predict the underkeel clearance and annual days of accessibility. The clearance and accessibility results were calculated for each channel option and include vertical ship motion allowances based on the wave-induced coupled heave, roll, and pitch. This provides a risk-based method of determining channel project depth based on two ship loading conditions for the three channel alignment options. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Briggs, M. J.] Briggs Grp LLC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Kopp, P. J.; Silver, A. L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Surface Ship Hydromech Div, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wiggins, W.] US Army Corps Engineers, Savannah, GA 31402 USA. [Briggs, M. J.] US Army Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Ctr Res & Dev, CEERD HN HH, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Briggs, MJ (reprint author), Briggs Grp LLC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM briggsm1@cablelynx.com FU Institute for Water Resources FX The authors wish to acknowledge Headquarters, US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District, and the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division for authorizing publication of this paper. Particular thanks go to Capt Steven Carmel (Maersk Shipping) for supplying information on the Susan Maersk containership and to the Institute for Water Resources for CADET support. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 108 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.07.047 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CU2HY UT WOS:000363345800023 ER PT J AU Boglione, L AF Boglione, Luciano TI A novel theoretical analysis for the determination of the noise parameters applicable to millimeter-wave frequencies (invited) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article DE noise parameters; noise correlation matrix; noise equivalent temperature; millimeter-wave noise ID TRANSISTOR NOISE; MODEL; FETS; NETWORKS AB This paper describes in detail a novel, fully analytical technique for the determination of high frequency noise parameters. The technique can be applied at any frequency of interest because the requirement of an external tuner is dropped. The absence of an input tuner removes the practical constraint of operational bandwidth of the system and opens the door to the direct evaluation of noise parameters of active devices in frequency ranges currently inaccessible. The mathematical formulation at the basis of the present technique is applied to the Pospieszalski noise model and is described in detail. The new technique provides an analytical tool to determine the equivalent noise temperatures T-gs and T-ds against measured data over a broad frequency range. Limitations and opportunities of the new technique are discussed including new insights into the Pospieszalski noise model. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boglione, L (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM luciano.boglione@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research (ONR), Arlington, VA FX This work has been sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR), Arlington, VA. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-3370 EI 1099-1204 J9 INT J NUMER MODEL EL JI Int. J. Numer. Model.-Electron. Netw. Device Fields PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1002/jnm.2045 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CT6HT UT WOS:000362914800005 ER PT J AU Bisaillon, P Sandhu, R Khalil, M Pettit, C Poirel, D Sarkar, A AF Bisaillon, Philippe Sandhu, Rimple Khalil, Mohammad Pettit, Chris Poirel, Dominique Sarkar, Abhijit TI Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection for strongly nonlinear dynamical systems SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Bayesian model selection; Ensemble Kalman filter; Particle filter ID DATA ASSIMILATION; OSCILLATORY SYSTEMS; FILTERS AB The Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation framework developed by Khalil et al. (J Sound Vib 332(15):3670-3691, 2013, Bayesian inference for complex and large-scale engineering systems. Ph.D. thesis, Carleton University, 2013) and Sandhu et al. (J Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 282:161-183, 2014, Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation for a nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problem. Master's thesis, Carleton University, 2012, 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference, 2013) is extended to handle strongly nonlinear systems. The evidence required to estimate the posterior probability of each proposed model is computed using the Chib-Jeliazkov method. The posterior parameter samples generated using Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations are required by this method. The M-H MCMC-based parameter estimation procedure is complemented by an efficient particle filter and an ensemble Kalman filter for the strongly non-Gaussian state estimation problem. A strongly nonlinear system having multiple fixed (equilibrium) points is analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm. C1 [Bisaillon, Philippe; Sandhu, Rimple; Khalil, Mohammad; Sarkar, Abhijit] Carleton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Poirel, Dominique] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. [Pettit, Chris] US Naval Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sarkar, A (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM abhijit_sarkar@carleton.ca RI Sarkar, Abhijit/E-6918-2012 OI Sarkar, Abhijit/0000-0002-8427-8901 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Department of National Defence; Canada Research Chair Program; Canadian Department of National Defence, through the DSRI-TIF program FX P. Bisaillon and M. Khalil acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the award of a Graduate Scholarship. M. Khalil also acknowledges the support of the Canadian Department of National Defence. A. Sarkar acknowledges the support of a Discovery Grant from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Research Chair Program. D. Poirel acknowledges the support of the Canadian Department of National Defence, through the DSRI-TIF program, and a Discovery Grant from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The computing infrastructure is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Ontario Innovation Trust (OIT). NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X EI 1573-269X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 82 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1080 DI 10.1007/s11071-015-2217-8 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CT7AP UT WOS:000362965700001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Carpenter, J Stone, M Hernandez, LM Rauh, MJ Laurent, HK Granger, DA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Carpenter, Jennifer Stone, Michael Hernandez, Lisa M. Rauh, Mitchell J. Laurent, Heidemarie K. Granger, Douglas A. TI Genetic and environmental modulation of neurotrophic and anabolic stress response: Counterbalancing forces SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Serotonin transporter; Genetics; Trauma; Stress; Nerve growth factor; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; Testosterone Cortisol ID LINKED POLYMORPHIC REGION; GROWTH-FACTOR RESPONSE; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; 5-HTTLPR GENOTYPE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; INTENSE STRESS; LIFE EVENTS; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; CORTISOL AB The serotonin transporter genetic variant 5HTTLPR influences activation and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and has been shown to influence the effect of stressful life events on behavioral health. We recently reported that 5HTTLPR modulates cortisol response in healthy military men exposed to intense stress. Less is known of its combined effects with environmental factors in this context, or of its effect on neuroprotective stress responses. In this follow-up study, we examined the unique and combined effects of 5HTTLPR and prior trauma exposure on neuroprotective (salivary nerve growth factor [sNGF]), anabolic (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS] and testosterone), and catabolic (cortisol) stress responses. Ninety-three healthy, active-duty military men were studied before, during, and 24 h after a stressful 12-day survival course. Distinct and interactive effects of 5HTTLPR long allele carriage [L] versus homozygous short allele carriage [SS]) and prior trauma exposure (low versus high) were evaluated, after which a priori group comparisons were performed between hypothesized high resilience (L/low) and low resilience (SS/high) groups. For sNGF, L/low produced the greatest sNGF throughout stress exposure while SS/high demonstrated the smallest; L/high and SS/low bisected these two extremes and were nearly identical to each other (i.e., SS/high < SS/low = L/high < L/low). Thus, 5HTTLPR and prior trauma exposure demonstrated counterbalancing (additive) forces. Similar patterns were found for DHEAS. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report counterbalancing genetic and environmental effects on novel biomarkers related to resilience in humans exposed to real-world stress. These findings have profound implications for health, performance and training in high-stress occupational settings. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Carpenter, Jennifer; Stone, Michael; Hernandez, Lisa M.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, Biobehav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Carpenter, Jennifer; Stone, Michael; Hernandez, Lisa M.; Rauh, Mitchell J.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Laurent, Heidemarie K.; Granger, Douglas A.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Salivary Biosci Res, Tempe, AZ USA. [Laurent, Heidemarie K.] 1227 Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marcus.k.taylorz.civ@mail.mil; jennifer.carpenter2@gmail.com; stonemi13@aol.com; lisa.m.hernandez75.ctr@mail.mil; mitchell.rauh@med.navy.mil; hlaurent@uoregon.edu; douglas.granger@asu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411VVX20226] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research (grant number: N0001411VVX20226), Code 34 (Warfighter Performance). This work was performed under Work Unit Number 61124. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. U.S. Government Work (17 USC 105). Not copyrighted in the U.S. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2011.0033). NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 151 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.027 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA CT1ZU UT WOS:000362602600001 PM 26136163 ER PT J AU Schmieder, KJ Gerger, A Diaz, M Pulwin, Z Curtin, M Wang, L Ebert, C Lochtefeld, A Opila, RL Barnett, A AF Schmieder, Kenneth J. Gerger, Andrew Diaz, Martin Pulwin, Ziggy Curtin, Michael Wang, Li Ebert, Chris Lochtefeld, Anthony Opila, Robert L. Barnett, Allen TI GaAsP on SiGe/Si material quality improvements with in-situ stress sensor and resulting tandem device performance SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE III-V semiconductor materials; Photovoltaic cells; Semiconductor growth ID SOLAR-CELLS; BUFFER LAYERS; EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; FILMS AB GaAsP solar cells have been grown on Si substrates facilitated by a SiGe graded buffer layer. Materials-based characterization demonstrates threading dislocation densities (TDD) as low as 8.0 x 10(6) cm(-2) via cathodoluminescence in III-V layers from dual-junction solar cells. The difference in material quality and device performance between lattice-match conditions at room temperature and growth temperature are quantified. These improvements are primarily realized through the use of an in-situ optical stress sensor in order to evaluate lattice-mismatch during MOCVD growth. Thus, due to improved material quality, window layer design, and contact resistance, we have achieved GaAsP/SiGe tandem performance with an AM1.5G open-circuit voltage of 1.458 V, a top subcell external quantum efficiency-extracted short-circuit current density of 13.8 mA/cm(2) (no AR), and a fill factor of 82.8%. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmieder, Kenneth J.; Opila, Robert L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gerger, Andrew; Curtin, Michael; Lochtefeld, Anthony] AmberWave Inc, Salem, NH 03079 USA. [Diaz, Martin; Wang, Li; Barnett, Allen] Univ New S Wales Australia, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Pulwin, Ziggy; Ebert, Chris] Veeco MOCVD, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Schmieder, KJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kennneth.schmieder.ctr@nri.nav FU Australian Renewable Energy Agency, Australian Government under the United States-Australia Solar Energy Collaboration grant [ARENA 1-UFA0001] FX This research was, in part, funded by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency, Australian Government (previously the Australian Solar Institute) under the United States-Australia Solar Energy Collaboration grant number ARENA 1-UFA0001. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper/presentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Australian Renewable Energy Agency. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 EI 1873-4081 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD NOV PY 2015 VL 39 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.05.058 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CS0TC UT WOS:000361774100084 ER PT J AU Young, CN Clayton, CR Wynne, JH Yesinowski, JP Daniels, GC AF Young, Christopher N. Clayton, Clive R. Wynne, James H. Yesinowski, James P. Daniels, Grant C. TI Physicochemical investigation of chemical paint removers. II: Role and mechanism of phenol in the removal of polyurethane coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article DE Paint stripping; Methylene chloride; Phenol; Spectroscopy; Polyurethane ID DEGRADATION; URETHANE; FAILURE; SPECTROSCOPY; ADHESION; SYSTEMS AB Thermal and spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the interactions of phenol with model polyurethane coatings. Previous work has pointed to phenol as the principal source of polymer degradation in methylene chloride/phenol paint stripping mixtures. Thermal analysis demonstrates that the addition of phenol leads to severe depression in T-g and outright coating failure. Exposure appears to cause chain scission, leading to significant weight loss during thermal analysis. XPS confirms the deposition of methylcellulose stabilizer at the surface, but also indicates breaches in the conformal coating which we attribute to polyurethane degradation. Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirm chemical modification of the polyurethane by phenol, leading to the proposed model of degradation by nucleophilic attack. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Christopher N.; Clayton, Clive R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wynne, James H.; Yesinowski, James P.; Daniels, Grant C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Young, CN (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Christopher.young@alumni.stonybrook.edu FU SERDP projects [WP-1682]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. John Kelley of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (Aberdeen, MD) for coatings formulation expertise and for sample preparation. The authors acknowledge funding support from SERDP projects WP-1682, in conjunction with principal investigator Dr. Young Han of the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command (Patuxent River, MD), and WP-2244. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 88 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.06.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CR5RJ UT WOS:000361401300026 ER PT J AU Chennamsetty, ARK LeBlanc, J Abotula, S Parrikar, PN Shukla, A AF Chennamsetty, A. R. K. LeBlanc, J. Abotula, S. Parrikar, P. Naik Shukla, A. TI Dynamic response of Hastelloy (R) X plates under oblique shocks: Experimental and numerical studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hastelloy (R) X; Oblique shocks; 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC); High-speed photography; Numerical simulation ID SQUARE PLATES; IMPULSIVE LOADS; CIRCULAR PLATES; DEFORMATION AB The dynamic behavior of Hastelloy (R) X plates subjected to normal and oblique shock loading was studied both experimentally and numerically. A series of experiments was conducted on Hastelloy (R) X plates at room temperature under fixed boundary conditions using a shock tube apparatus. High-speed digital cameras were used to obtain the real-time images of the specimen during the shock loading. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to obtain 3D deformations of the plates using stereoimages of the specimen. The numerical modeling utilized the finite element software package Dynamic System Mechanics Analysis Simulation (DYSMAS) which includes both the structural analysis as well as the fluid structure interaction to study the dynamic behavior of the specimen under given loads. Experimentally obtained pressure time profiles were used as a reference in numerical modeling. It was observed that the lower angles of shock incidence caused more deformation on the specimen. Additionally for oblique shocked specimens, the deformation was observed to initiate from the edge nearer to the muzzle. The results from the numerical simulations were validated with the experimental data, and showed excellent correlation for all cases. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chennamsetty, A. R. K.; Abotula, S.; Parrikar, P. Naik; Shukla, A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [LeBlanc, J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-13-1-0037]; NUWCDIVNPT Chief Technology Office FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0037. Furthermore, the support of the NUWCDIVNPT Chief Technology Office is greatly appreciated. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 85 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.06.016 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CQ3OS UT WOS:000360512600010 ER PT J AU Schmucker, SW Cress, CD Culbertson, JC Beeman, JW Dubon, OD Robinson, JT AF Schmucker, Scott W. Cress, Cory D. Culbertson, James C. Beeman, Jeffrey W. Dubon, Oscar D. Robinson, Jeremy T. TI Raman signature of defected twisted bilayer graphene SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID VAN-HOVE SINGULARITIES; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERLATTICES; LAYERS; FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON; WATER; MICA AB Layered two-dimensional crystal systems can exhibit complex interlayer interactions, which are influenced by local crystal structure and/or electronic variations. Here, we study the influence of defects in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) using Raman spectroscopy. We explore the varied influence of defects on three characteristic Raman modes of both fully-defected TBG, with defects introduced in both layers, and half-defected TBG, with defects introduced in only a single layer. The resonance condition responsible for a strong enhancement of the G peak is sensitive to structural disorder and is quenched within a radius similar to 3 nm of defects, while the twist-angle dependence of the 2D peak is influenced only at the site of structural disorder (similar to 1 nm radius). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmucker, Scott W.; Cress, Cory D.; Culbertson, James C.; Robinson, Jeremy T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmucker, SW (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.schmucker@gmail.com RI Schmucker, Scott/D-8312-2012; OI Schmucker, Scott/0000-0003-2908-5282; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; NRL Nanoscience Institute FX The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the NRL Nanoscience Institute. This research was performed while S.W. Schmucker held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2015 VL 93 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CQ0ND UT WOS:000360292100026 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG AF Bernstein, N. Shabaev, A. Lambrakos, S. G. TI First principles study of normal and fast diffusing metallic impurities in hcp titanium SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Density-functional theory; Diffusion of impurities; Point defects ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CLOSE-PACKED METALS; ALPHA-TI; SELF-DIFFUSION; MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLUTE DIFFUSION; TRACER DIFFUSION AB The diffusivities of metallic impurities in hexagonal close packed (hcp) Ti vary widely, with some species showing normal diffusion and others diffusing anomalously fast. Based on a transition-state theory model for impurity diffusion mediated by vacancies, self, and impurity interstitials, we find that the diffusion rate will be limited primarily by the formation energies of the various defects. We use density functional theory to calculate these defect energies, including the formation energies of vacancies, self interstitials, and metallic impurities in substitutional and interstitial positions in hcp Ti. We find that for normal diffusers the vacancy mediated diffusion mechanism dominates, while for fast diffusers the dominant mechanism is hopping directly between interstitial sites. The activation energy for the latter mechanism is significantly lower than that for vacancy mediated diffusion, explaining the large diffusivities and low activation energies observed experimentally for these fast diffusing impurities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bernstein, N.; Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM noam.bernstein@nrl.navy.mil; ashabaev@gmu.edu; samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program FX NB and SGL acknowledge funding for this work from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 109 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.07.035 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CP9XF UT WOS:000360248000048 ER PT J AU Hackett, EE Fullerton, AM Merrill, CF Fu, TC AF Hackett, Erin E. Fullerton, Anne M. Merrill, Craig F. Fu, Thomas C. TI Comparison of Incoherent and Coherent Wave Field Measurements Using Dual-Polarized Pulse-Doppler X-Band Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ocean remote sensing; radar remote sensing; rough surfaces; sea surfaces; surface waves ID OCEAN WAVE; SEA CLUTTER; MARINE; SURFACES; MODEL AB Radar-based remote sensing for measurement of ocean surface waves presents advantages over conventional point sensors such as wave buoys. As its use becomes more widespread, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the extracted wave parameters to the characteristics of the radar and the scatterers. To examine such issues, experiments were performed offshore of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier in July 2010. Radar measurements in low wind speeds were performed with a dual-polarized high-resolution X-band pulse-Doppler radar at low grazing angles along with two independent measurements of the surface waves using conventional sensors, a GPS-based buoy, and an ultrasonic array. Comparison between radar cross section (RCS) and Doppler modulations shows peak values occurring nearly in-phase, in contrast with tilt modulation theory. Spectral comparisons between Doppler-based and RCS-based spectra show that Doppler-based spectra demonstrate greater sensitivity to swell-induced modulations, whereas RCS-based spectra show greater sensitivity to small-scale modulations (or generally have more noise at high frequency), and they equally capture energy at the wind wave peak. Doppler estimates of peak period were consistent with the conventional sensors, whereas the RCS differed in assignment of peak period to wind seas rather than swell in a couple of cases. Higher order period statistics of both RCS and Doppler were consistent with the conventional sensors. Radar-based significant wave heights are lower than buoy-based values and contain nontrivial variability of similar to 33%. Comparisons between HH and VV polarization data show that VV data more accurately represent the wave field, particularly as the wind speeds decrease. C1 [Hackett, Erin E.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Fullerton, Anne M.; Merrill, Craig F.; Fu, Thomas C.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hackett, EE (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC 29528 USA. EM ehackett@coastal.edu; anne.fullerton@navy.mil; craig.f.merrill@navy.mil; thomas.fu@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors would like to thank the following people for their assistance during the field work: Dr. E. Terrill and the other members of the Coastal Observing Research and Development Center at Scripps Institution of Oceanography; K. Beale, P. Stanton, and D. Wyatt from SAIC, Inc.; and especially R. Pokrass from Sensor Concepts, Inc., for his insightful discussions during the revision of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers of this manuscript for their helpful suggestions to improve this paper. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program manager Dr. P. E. Hess III. The field campaign was also supported by ONR program manager Dr. S. J. Russell. The authors appreciate their encouragement and support for this effort. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 5926 EP 5942 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2427748 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0BP UT WOS:000359541100011 ER PT J AU Garren, DA AF Garren, David Alan TI Signature Morphology Effects of Squint Angle for Arbitrarily Moving Surface Targets in Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Moving targets; rad; radar signatures; range migration; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); target migration ID SAR IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM; OBJECTS; MOTION AB This investigation examines the phenomenology effects of the squint angle on the morphology of moving target smears in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This analysis includes both the smears resulting from standard image formation applied to simulated radar measurements as well as the theoretical predictions for the central contours of the signatures. In particular, this paper generates the down-range and cross-range components of the predicted central 2-D contours of mover signatures, including the locations of the cross-range offsets. The analytics for squinted geometry include additional contributions in the signature contour equations that do not arise for the case of broadside imaging. These terms can affect the overall contour morphology, particularly in terms of shape and extent. Numerous examples are presented to demonstrate that the signature prediction equations yield excellent agreement with standard image formation with simulated radar data. Therefore, this analysis can provide an effective tool in predicting the shape, extent, and location of smears due to arbitrarily moving surface targets for squinted spotlight SAR. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garren, DA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dagarren@nps.edu NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 6241 EP 6251 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2436371 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0BP UT WOS:000359541100033 ER PT J AU Huggins, TM Pietron, JJ Wang, HM Ren, ZJ Biffinger, JC AF Huggins, Tyler M. Pietron, Jeremy J. Wang, Heming Ren, Zhiyong Jason Biffinger, Justin C. TI Graphitic biochar as a cathode electrocatalyst support for microbial fuel cells SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biochar; O-2 reduction; Manganese oxide; Microbial fuel cell; Renewable ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; POROUS CARBON MATERIALS; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; ELECTRODE; SOIL; TECHNOLOGIES; CATALYSTS; BLACK AB Graphitic biochar (BC) was generated using high temperature gasification and alkaline post-treatment (BCw) of wood-based biomass. The BCw was evaluated as a manganese oxide electrocatalytic support (MnO/BCw) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) air cathode. Nano-structured MnO2 crystals were successfully immobilized on biomass-based graphitic sheets and characterized using physical, chemical, and electrochemical analyses. Cyclic voltammetry of MnO/BCw/Nafion inks showed electrochemical features typical of beta-MnO2 with a current density of 0.9 mA cm (2). BC showed satisfactory maximum power densities of 146.7mWm (2) (BCw) and 187.8Wm (2) (MnO/BCw), compared with Vulcan Carbon (VC) (156.8mWm (2)) and manganese oxide VC composites (MnO/VC) (606.1mWm (2)). These materials were also tested as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for single chamber MFCs inoculated with anaerobic sludge. Our results demonstrate that BC can serve as an effective, low cost, and scalable material for MFC application. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huggins, Tyler M.; Wang, Heming; Ren, Zhiyong Jason] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huggins, Tyler M.; Pietron, Jeremy J.; Biffinger, Justin C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR through the University Laboratory Initiative [N00014-12-1-0293] FX The authors are grateful to Maria Medeiros (ONR, #N00014-12-1-0293) for financial support through the University Laboratory Initiative. The authors also thank Corey Love and Chris Chervin (NRL) for their help with the XRD analysis and David Rutherford (USGS) for the BET analysis. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 24 U2 152 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 195 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.012 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CO8TL UT WOS:000359444600021 PM 26141670 ER PT J AU Glymond, D Vick, M Pan, MJ Giuliani, F Vandeperre, LJ AF Glymond, D. Vick, M. Pan, M. -J. Giuliani, F. Vandeperre, L. J. TI Creep of mullite zirconia composites SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Mullite; Creep; Monoclinic zirconia; Yttria stabilised zirconia; High temperature ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE MULLITE; COMPRESSIVE CREEP; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; CERAMICS AB The compressive creep resistance of two zirconia mullite composites and a monolithic mullite was measured. The zirconia additions were either monoclinic zirconia or 5.4 mol% yttria stabilised zirconia. Samples were tested between 1225 degrees C and 1500 degrees C. It was found that the addition of zirconia lowered the creep resistance of monolithic mullite (5.8 x 10(-7) s(-1) at 1400 degrees C, 13 MPa), with yttria stabilised zirconia (3.3 x 10(-6) s(-1)) having a greater effect than monoclinic zirconia (3.4 x 10(-6) s(-1)) under equal conditions. The lower creep resistance of the composites is consistent with creep being controlled by oxygen diffusion as the changes in creep rate can be explained using the effective oxygen diffusion coefficients for the composites calculated from literature values for oxygen diffusion in mullite and zirconia. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glymond, D.; Giuliani, F.; Vandeperre, L. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Adv Struct Ceram, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Glymond, D.; Giuliani, F.; Vandeperre, L. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vick, M.; Giuliani, F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vick, M.; Pan, M. -J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glymond, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Adv Struct Ceram, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM dg2610@imperial.ac.uk FU US Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research Global [N62909-10-1-7083] FX DG, FG and LV thank the US Office of Naval Research and the Office of Naval Research Global for funding this work through grant N62909-10-1-7083. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 IS 13 BP 3607 EP 3611 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.05.038 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CO3AS UT WOS:000359029300028 ER PT J AU De Loera, JA Lee, J Margulies, S Miller, J AF De Loera, J. A. Lee, J. Margulies, S. Miller, J. TI Weak orientability of matroids and polynomial equations SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED MATROIDS AB This paper studies systems of polynomial equations that provide information about orientability of matroids. First, we study systems of linear equations over F-2, originally alluded to by Bland and Jensen in their seminal paper on weak orientability. The Bland Jensen linear equations for a matroid M have a solution if and only if M is weakly orientable. We use the Bland Jensen system to determine weak orientability for all matroids on at most nine elements and all matroids between ten and twelve elements having rank three. Our experiments indicate that for small rank, about half the time, when a simple matroid is not orientable, it is already non-weakly orientable, and further this may happen more often as the rank increases. Thus, about half of the small simple non-orientable matroids of rank three are not representable over fields having order congruent to three modulo four. For binary matroids, the Bland Jensen linear systems provide a practical way to check orientability. Second, we present two extensions of the Bland Jensen equations to slightly larger systems of non-linear polynomial equations. Our systems of polynomial equations have a solution if and only if the associated matroid M is orientable. The systems come in two versions, one directly extending the Bland Jensen system for F2, and a different system working over other fields. We study some basic algebraic properties of these systems. Finally, we present an infinite family of non-weakly-orientable matroids, with growing rank and co-rank. We conjecture that these matroids are minor-minimal non-weakly-orientable matroids. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Loera, J. A.; Miller, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ind & Operat Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Margulies, S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP De Loera, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM deloera@math.ucdavis.edu; jonxlee@umich.edu; margulies@usna.edu; jmiller@math.ucdavis.edu OI Lee, Jon/0000-0002-8190-1091 FU NSF [DMS-0914107, CMMI-1160915]; ONR [N00014-14-1-0315]; VIGRE-NSF [DMS-0636297]; Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge FX We are grateful to Bernd Sturmfels and Jurgen Richter-Gebert for their useful suggestions and comments. All the authors wish to thank Linda Adlum and Don Garner, the indefatigable system administrators of the USNA computing cluster. J.A. De Loera was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0914107. J. Lee was partially supported by the NSF grant CMMI-1160915 and ONR grant N00014-14-1-0315. J. Miller was partially supported by VIGRE-NSF grant DMS-0636297. The first and the second author would like to thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, for support and wonderful hospitality during the programme Polynomial Optimisation where work on this paper was undertaken. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6698 EI 1095-9971 J9 EUR J COMBIN JI Eur. J. Comb. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 50 SI SI BP 56 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.ejc.2015.03.018 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CM6XV UT WOS:000357835900007 ER PT J AU Gor, GY Cannarella, J Leng, CZ Vishnyakov, A Arnold, CB AF Gor, Gennady Y. Cannarella, John Leng, Cohen Z. Vishnyakov, Aleksey Arnold, Craig B. TI Swelling and softening of lithium-ion battery separators in electrolyte solvents SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polymer separator; Lithium ion battery; Mechanical tests; Porous polypropylene; Celgard; Polymer swelling ID CAPACITY FADE; TRANSPORT RESTRICTION; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; ETHYL-ACETATE; MEMBRANES; BEHAVIOR; HYDROCARBONS; COMPRESSION; CARBONATE AB The mechanical stability of inactive polymeric components (e.g. separator and binder) can play an important role in the long term performance of lithium-ion batteries. Here we investigate the effects of electrolyte solvents on the mechanical properties of a polypropylene battery separator through experimental measurements of thickness and elastic modulus of separator samples immersed in different solvent environments. We find that certain electrolyte solvents such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl acetate cause noticeable softening of the separator. However, in other solvent environments such as propylene carbonate and acetonitrile, the separator retains the mechanical properties of a dry material. We show that the mechanical property reduction can be attributed to polymer swelling and explain these observations in the context of the Hildebrand solubility and Flory-Huggins interaction parameters. The solubility/interaction parameter analysis provides a straightforward method for predicting the in situ mechanical behavior of polymer separators in solvent environments. The relationships discussed herein can be used to screen and identify mechanically-stable polymer and electrolyte solvent pairs for use in lithium-ion batteries designed for long life. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gor, Gennady Y.] Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cannarella, John; Leng, Cohen Z.; Arnold, Craig B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vishnyakov, Aleksey] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Gor, GY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associate, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ggor@princeton.edu; cbarnold@princeton.edu OI Leng, Collen/0000-0003-2101-3380 FU Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment; Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative FX G.G. thanks Dr. Noam Bernstein for multiple fruitful discussions. This research was performed while G.G. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported by Addy Fund grant "Microstructural Modeling of the Mechanical Evolution of Li-ion Batteries" from the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment and the Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 294 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.028 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CO2EI UT WOS:000358968400021 ER PT J AU Li, B Wang, X Jung, HY Kim, YL Robinson, JT Zalalutdinov, M Hong, S Hao, J Ajayan, PM Wan, KT Jung, YJ AF Li, Bo Wang, Xin Jung, Hyun Young Kim, Young Lae Robinson, Jeremy T. Zalalutdinov, Maxim Hong, Sanghyun Hao, Ji Ajayan, Pulickel M. Wan, Kai-Tak Jung, Yung Joon TI Printing Highly Controlled Suspended Carbon Nanotube Network on Micro-patterned Superhydrophobic Flexible Surface SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ROUGH SURFACES; SINGLE; FILMS; TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT; DEVICES; SYSTEMS; WAFERS AB Suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) offer unique functionalities for electronic and electromechanical systems. Due to their outstanding flexible nature, suspended SWCNT architectures have great potential for integration into flexible electronic systems. However, current techniques for integrating SWCNT architectures with flexible substrates are largely absent, especially in a manner that is both scalable and well controlled. Here, we present a new nanostructured transfer paradigm to print scalable and well-defined suspended nano/microscale SWCNT networks on 3D patterned flexible substrates with micro- to nanoscale precision. The underlying printing/transfer mechanism, as well as the mechanical, electromechanical, and mechanical resonance properties of the suspended SWCNTs are characterized, including identifying metrics relevant for reliable and sensitive device structures. Our approach represents a fast, scalable and general method for building suspended nano/micro SWCNT architectures suitable for flexible sensing and actuation systems. C1 [Li, Bo; Wang, Xin; Jung, Hyun Young; Kim, Young Lae; Hong, Sanghyun; Hao, Ji; Wan, Kai-Tak; Jung, Yung Joon] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Bo; Ajayan, Pulickel M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Jung, Hyun Young; Jung, Yung Joon] Northeastern Univ, George J Kostas Res Inst Homeland Secur, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jung, Hyun Young] Gyeongnam Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Energy Engn, Jinju 660758, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Zalalutdinov, Maxim] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jung, YJ (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jungy@coe.neu.edu RI Wang, Xin /J-7089-2014 OI Wang, Xin /0000-0001-8358-3536 FU National Science Foundation-ECCS grant [1202376]; DMEREF grant [1434824]; US Army [W911NF-10-2-0098, 15-215456-03-00]; Technology Innovation Program - Ministry of Trade, industry & Energy (MI, Korea) [10050481]; Office of Naval Research through the NRL base program; FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; DARPA FX We thank Y. Homma and K. Yamada (Tokyo University of Science) and G. Li (Northeastern University) for helpful discussions. B.L., H.Y.J., Y.L.K., Y.J.J. acknowledge the financial support from National Science Foundation-ECCS grant (1202376), DMEREF grant (1434824), US Army under grant W911NF-10-2-0098, subaward 15-215456-03-00, and Technology Innovation Program (10050481) funded by the Ministry of Trade, industry & Energy (MI, Korea). J.T.R. and M.Z. acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research through the NRL base program. B.L. and P.M.A. acknowledge the financial support from FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15908 DI 10.1038/srep15908 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU6EF UT WOS:000363623700002 PM 26511284 ER PT J AU Jones, NJ Swaminathan, R McHenry, ME Laughlin, DE AF Jones, Nicholas J. Swaminathan, Raja McHenry, Michael E. Laughlin, David E. TI Nucleation and growth model for {110}- and {111}-truncated nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES; FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; GAS-EVAPORATION AB Nanoparticle-sized powders have seen more and more use in many of today's applications. As particle size decreases, many properties change including the ability to embed the small particles in liquids and other media. With decreasing size, however, surface energy becomes more important and can dictate the final shape of the particle. In applications based on polar molecules attaching to the nanoparticle surface, the surface morphology can become a key design parameter. A nucleation and growth model has been constructed for truncated body-centered cubic derivative materials, along with an update to previously published work on face-centered cubic materials. The model shows that for (110)- and (111)-truncations of a cube with a specified surface energy for each surface, the critical nuclei and equilibrium growth shapes are the same, supporting the theory of self-similar growth that had only been mentioned previously, but never proven. In this analysis, saddle points play an important role in determining the critical nuclei for comparison with the equilibrium growth shapes. C1 [Jones, Nicholas J.; McHenry, Michael E.; Laughlin, David E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Swaminathan, Raja] Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Jones, NJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Met & Fasteners Branch, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM nicholas.j.jones1@navy.mil FU NSF [DMR 0804020]; CMU Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC); DOD SMART scholarship FX N.J.J., M.E.M., and D.E.L. would like to acknowledge the support of NSF under Grant No. DMR 0804020 and the CMU Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC). N.J.J. gratefully acknowledges support from a DOD SMART scholarship. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 30 IS 20 BP 3011 EP 3019 DI 10.1557/jmr.2015.270 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CW9IV UT WOS:000365313300004 ER PT J AU Guild, MD Hicks, AJ Haberman, MR Alu, A Wilson, PS AF Guild, Matthew D. Hicks, Ashley J. Haberman, Michael R. Alu, Andrea Wilson, Preston S. TI Acoustic scattering cancellation of irregular objects surrounded by spherical layers in the resonant regime SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOAKING; TRANSPARENCY; CYLINDERS; SPACE; SOUND AB In this work, acoustic scattering cancellation is expanded to cases of acoustic waves interacting with non-spherical elastic objects and collections of closely packed objects. The proposed method for achieving this is by using spherical fluid layers to represent the objects as effective spherical targets, with multiple fluid layers and an elastic core, for which scattering cancellation is used to determine the necessary layer properties. Three representative objects are considered here to illustrate this approach: a sphere with dimples, a sphere with bumps, and a bicone. Theoretical results are presented for each of the non-spherical objects in water, which indicate a reduction of 30-40 dB in scattering strength when coated with a two-layer fluid cancellation shell. This cancellation is achieved for objects in the resonant scattering regime, which is characterized by constructive and destructive interference patterns that arise from higher scattering modes. The analytical results are verified using three-dimensional finite element simulations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Guild, Matthew D.] US Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hicks, Ashley J.; Haberman, Michael R.; Wilson, Preston S.] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Hicks, Ashley J.; Haberman, Michael R.; Wilson, Preston S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Alu, Andrea] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Guild, MD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, NRC Res Associateship Program, Code 7165, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.guild.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Alu, Andrea/A-1328-2007 OI Alu, Andrea/0000-0002-4297-5274 FU Office of Naval Research MURI Grant [N00014-13-1-0631]; National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program FX Work supported by the Office of Naval Research MURI Grant No. N00014-13-1-0631 and the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 16 AR 164903 DI 10.1063/1.4933188 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CV6VR UT WOS:000364410300033 ER PT J AU Brewer, LN Bennett, MS Baker, BW Payzant, EA Sochalski-Kolbus, LM AF Brewer, L. N. Bennett, M. S. Baker, B. W. Payzant, E. A. Sochalski-Kolbus, L. M. TI Characterization of residual stress as a function of friction stir welding parameters in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel MA956 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ODS steel; Residual stress; Friction stir welding; X-ray diffraction; Neutron diffraction ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOY; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; JOINTS; SPEED AB Friction stir welding (FSW) can generate large residual stresses during solid state joining of oxide dispersion strengthened steels. In this work, a plate of MA956 steel was friction stir welded at three conditions: 500 rpm/25 mm per minute (mmpm), 400 rpm/50 mmpm and 400 rpm/100 mmpm. The residual stresses across these welds were measured using both x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The distribution and magnitude of the residual stresses agreed well between the two techniques. Longitudinal residual stresses up to eighty percent of the yield strength were observed for the 400 rpm/100 mmpm condition. The surface residual stresses were somewhat larger on the root side of the weld than on the crown side. Increases in the relative heat input during FSW decreased the measured residual stresses in the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Increasing the traverse rate while holding the rotational speed fixed increased the residual stress levels. The fatigue strength of the material is predicted to decrease by at least twenty percent with cracking most likely in the TMAZ. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brewer, L. N.; Bennett, M. S.; Baker, B. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Payzant, E. A.; Sochalski-Kolbus, L. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Brewer, LN (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lnbrewer1@eng.ua.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The two plates measured in this study were provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories. We are grateful for technical assistance from Dr. E.S.K. Menon at NPS and Dr. M. Mahoney at MegaStir Technologies.; Research conducted at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 647 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.020 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CV4PX UT WOS:000364250100038 ER PT J AU Khemlani, SS Harrison, AM Trafton, JG AF Khemlani, Sangeet S. Harrison, Anthony M. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Episodes, events, and models SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE event segmentation; temporal reasoning; mental models; episodic memory; MDS robot; ACT-R/E ID MENTAL MODELS; NEURAL REPRESENTATIONS; HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS; TIME; MEMORY; PERCEPTION; SPACE; MIND; ACTIVATION; SEQUENCES AB We describe a novel computational theory of how individuals segment perceptual information into representations of events. The theory is inspired by recent findings in the cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience of event segmentation. In line with recent theories, it holds that online event segmentation is automatic, and that event segmentation yields mental simulations of events. But it posits two novel principles as well: first, discrete episodic markers track perceptual and conceptual changes, and can be retrieved to construct event models. Second, the process of retrieving and reconstructing those episodic markers is constrained and prioritized. We describe a computational implementation of the theory, as well as a robotic extension of the theory that demonstrates the processes of online event segmentation and event model construction. The theory is the first unified computational account of event segmentation and temporal inference. We conclude by demonstrating now neuroimaging data can constrain and inspire the construction of process-level theories of human reasoning. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet S.; Harrison, Anthony M.; Trafton, J. Gregory] Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khemlani, SS (reprint author), Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sangeet.khemani@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to Bill Adams, Paul Bello, Magda Bugajska, Dan Gartenberg, Laura Hiatt, Joe Kreke, Ed Lawson, Priya Narayanan, Frank Tamborello, and Alan Schultz for their helpful comments. This work was supported by a Jerome and Isabella Karle Fellowship from the Naval Research Laboratory (to SK) and by a grant from the Office of Naval Research (to IT). NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5161 J9 FRONT HUM NEUROSCI JI Front. Hum. Neurosci. PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 590 DI 10.3339/fnhum.2015.00590 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA CY5ZB UT WOS:000366485500001 PM 26578934 ER PT J AU Arabshahi, S Dwyer, JR Cramer, ES Grove, JE Gwon, C Hill, JD Jordan, DM Lucia, RJ Vodopiyanov, IB Uman, MA Rassoul, HK AF Arabshahi, S. Dwyer, J. R. Cramer, E. S. Grove, J. E. Gwon, C. Hill, J. D. Jordan, D. M. Lucia, R. J. Vodopiyanov, I. B. Uman, M. A. Rassoul, H. K. TI The energy spectrum of X-rays from rocket-triggered lightning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Although the production of X-rays from natural and rocket-triggered lightning leaders have been studied in detail over the last 10 years, the energy spectrum of the X-rays has never been well measured because the X-rays are emitted in very short but intense bursts that result in pulse pileup in the detectors. The energy spectrum is important because it provides information about the source mechanism for producing the energetic runaway electrons and about the electric fields that they traverse. We have recently developed and operated the first spectrometer for the energetic radiation from lightning. The instrument is part of the Atmospheric Radiation Imagery and Spectroscopy (ARIS) project and will be referred to as ARIS-S (ARIS Spectrometer). It consists of seven 3 '' NaI(Tl)/photomultiplier tube scintillation detectors with different thicknesses of attenuators, ranging from no attenuator to more than 1 '' of lead placed over the detector (all the detectors are in a 1/8 '' thick aluminum box). Using X-ray pulses preceding 48 return strokes in 8 rocket-triggered lightnings, we found that the spectrum of X-rays from leaders is too soft to be consistent with Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche. It has a power law dependence on the energies of the photons, and the power index, lambda, is between 2.5 and 3.5. We present the details of the design of the instrument and the results of the analysis of the lightning data acquired during the summer of 2012. C1 [Arabshahi, S.; Cramer, E. S.; Lucia, R. J.; Vodopiyanov, I. B.; Rassoul, H. K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Dwyer, J. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys & Space Sci Ctr EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grove, J. E.; Gwon, C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hill, J. D.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Merritt Isl, FL USA. [Jordan, D. M.; Uman, M. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Arabshahi, S (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM sarabshahi2009@my.fit.edu OI Arabshahi, Shahab/0000-0001-6984-7558; Rassoul, Hamid Kyan Sam/0000-0003-0681-7276 FU NASA [NNX12A002H]; DARPA [HR0011-1-10-1-0061]; Chief of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX12A002H and by DARPA grant HR0011-1-10-1-0061. Portions of this work were performed at NRL under sponsorship of the Chief of Naval Research. Requests for data used to generate, or be displayed in figures, graphs, plots, or tables, may be made to the corresponding author (sarabshahi2009@my.fit.edu). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 20 BP 10951 EP 10963 DI 10.1002/2015JD023217 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WP UT WOS:000209847000023 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Bottaro, JC Petrie, M Parrish, DA AF Chavez, David E. Bottaro, Jeffery C. Petrie, Mark Parrish, Damon A. TI Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of a Fused, Tricyclic 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine Ring System SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE 1,2,3,4-tetrazines; 1,2,4-triazoles; amination; oxidation; energetic materials ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; DERIVATIVES AB This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a fused, tricyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrazine ring system. The molecule is synthesized in a three-step process from 5,5-dinitro-bis,1,2,4-triazole via a di-N-amino compound. Oxidation to form the azo-coupled fused tricyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrazine is achieved using tert-butyl hypochlorite as the oxidant. The di-N-amino compound and the desired fused tricyclic 1,2,3,4-triazine display interesting thermal behavior and are predicted to be high-performance energetic materials. C1 [Chavez, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, M Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bottaro, Jeffery C.; Petrie, Mark] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, M Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU Joint Munitions Technolgy Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06A25396]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX We would like to thank Stephanie Hagelberg (elemental analysis) for characterization, Hongzhao Tian and Jose G. Archuleta, (sensitivity testing), and Mary Sandstrom (thermal analysis). We would also like to thank the Joint Munitions Technolgy Development Program for funding this work. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security (LANS, LLC) under contract No. DE-AC52-06A25396 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors also thank the Office of Naval Research (award no. N00014-11-AF-0-0002) NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD OCT 26 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 44 BP 12973 EP 12975 DI 10.1002/anie.201506744 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CU3KM UT WOS:000363423900022 PM 26480332 ER PT J AU Moyet, RP Stace, J Amin, A Finkel, P Rossetti, GA AF Moyet, Richard Perez Stace, Joseph Amin, Ahmed Finkel, Peter Rossetti, George A., Jr. TI Non-resonant electromechanical energy harvesting using inter-ferroelectric phase transitions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PMN-PT; FIELD; CONVERTER; STRESS; MODE AB Non-resonant electromechanical energy harvesting is demonstrated under low frequency excitation (<50 Hz) using [110](C)-poled lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary. The efficiency of power generation at the stress-induced phase transition between domain-engineered rhombohedral and orthorhombic ferroelectric states is as much as four times greater than is obtained in the linear piezoelectric regime under identical measurement conditions but during loading below the coercive stress of the phase change. The phase transition mode of electromechanical transduction holds potential for non-resonant energy harvesting from low-frequency vibrations and does not require mechanical frequency up-conversion. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Moyet, Richard Perez; Rossetti, George A., Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Moyet, Richard Perez; Rossetti, George A., Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Stace, Joseph; Amin, Ahmed] US Navy, Undersea Warfare Ctr Newport, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Finkel, Peter] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rossetti, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM george.rossetti_jr@uconn.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP) FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support for this work. R.P.M. is grateful for the support provided by the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 17 AR 172901 DI 10.1063/1.4934591 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CV4JX UT WOS:000364234200029 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Leary, DH Liu, JN Settlage, RE Fears, KP North, SH Mostaghim, A Essock-Burns, T Haynes, SE Wahl, KJ Spillmann, CM AF Wang, Zheng Leary, Dagmar H. Liu, Jinny Settlage, Robert E. Fears, Kenan P. North, Stella H. Mostaghim, Anahita Essock-Burns, Tara Haynes, Sarah E. Wahl, Kathryn J. Spillmann, Christopher M. TI Molt-dependent transcriptomic analysis of cement proteins in the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cement protein; Molt cycle; Transcriptome; Proteome; Barnacle; Amphibalanus amphitrite ID BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACORN BARNACLE; STATISTICAL-MODEL; MEGABALANUS-ROSA; INNATE IMMUNITY; SETTLEMENT; GENERATION; ADHESIVE; POLYMERIZATION AB Background: A complete understanding of barnacle adhesion remains elusive as the process occurs within and beneath the confines of a rigid calcified shell. Barnacle cement is mainly proteinaceous and several individual proteins have been identified in the hardened cement at the barnacle-substrate interface. Little is known about the molt-and tissue-specific expression of cement protein genes but could offer valuable insight into the complex multi-step processes of barnacle growth and adhesion. Methods: The main body and sub-mantle tissue of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (basionym Balanus amphitrite) were collected in pre- and post-molt stages. RNA-seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome for differential gene expression at these two stages and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the protein content of barnacle secretions. Results: We report on the transcriptomic analysis of barnacle cement gland tissue in pre- and post-molt growth stages and proteomic investigation of barnacle secretions. While no significant difference was found in the expression of cement proteins genes at pre- and post-molting stages, expression levels were highly elevated in the sub-mantle tissue (where the cement glands are located) compared to the main barnacle body. We report the discovery of a novel 114kD cement protein, which is identified in material secreted onto various surfaces by adult barnacles and with the encoding gene highly expressed in the sub-mantle tissue. Further differential gene expression analysis of the sub-mantle tissue samples reveals a limited number of genes highly expressed in pre- molt samples with a range of functions including cuticular development, biominerialization, and proteolytic activity. Conclusions: The expression of cement protein genes appears to remain constant through the molt cycle and is largely confined to the sub-mantle tissue. Our results reveal a novel and potentially prominent protein to the mix of cement-related components in A. amphitrite. Despite the lack of a complete genome, sample collection allowed for extended transcriptomic analysis of pre- and post-molt barnacle samples and identified a number of highly-expressed genes. Our results highlight the complexities of this sessile marine organism as it grows via molt cycles and increases the area over which it exhibits robust adhesion to its substrate. C1 [Wang, Zheng; Leary, Dagmar H.; Liu, Jinny; North, Stella H.; Mostaghim, Anahita; Spillmann, Christopher M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Settlage, Robert E.] Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fears, Kenan P.; Essock-Burns, Tara; Haynes, Sarah E.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spillmann, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.spillmann@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 FU Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program; NRL summer internship; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Dan Rittschof and Ms. Beatriz Orihuela from Duke University Marine Lab for supplying the juvenile and adult barnacle samples. T.E.B. and S.E.H were supported through the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program and A.M. through an NRL summer internship. Funding for this work was provided by Naval Research Laboratory base funding and the Office of Naval Research. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 24 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 859 DI 10.1186/s12864-015-2076-1 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA CU2UK UT WOS:000363378900008 PM 26496984 ER PT J AU Armstrong, D Loehr, NA Warrington, GS AF Armstrong, Drew Loehr, Nicholas A. Warrington, Gregory S. TI Sweep maps: A continuous family of sorting algorithms SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice paths; Sorting algorithms; q, t-Catalan numbers; Diagonal harmonics; Dyck paths ID COMPACTIFIED JACOBIANS; Q,T-CATALAN NUMBERS; CONJECTURE; STATISTICS; PATHS; PROOF AB We define a family of maps on lattice paths, called sweep maps, that assign levels to each step in the path and sort steps according to their level. Surprisingly, although sweep maps act by sorting, they appear to be bijective in general. The sweep maps give concise combinatorial formulas for the q, t-Catalan numbers, the higher q, t-Catalan numbers, the q, t-square numbers, and many more general polynomials connected to the nabla operator and rational Catalan combinatorics. We prove that many algorithms that have appeared in the literature (including maps studied by Andrews, Egge, Gorsky, Haglund, Hanusa, Jones, Killpatrick, Krattenthaler, Kremer, Orsina, Mazin, Papi, Vaille, and the present authors) are all special cases of the sweep maps or their inverses. The sweep maps provide a very simple unifying framework for understanding all of these algorithms. We explain how inversion of the sweep map (which is an open problem in general) can be solved in known special cases by finding a "bounce path" for the lattice paths under consideration. We also define a generalized sweep map acting on words over arbitrary alphabets with arbitrary weights, which is also conjectured to be bijective. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Armstrong, Drew] Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Loehr, Nicholas A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Warrington, Gregory S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Warrington, GS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM armstrong@math.miami.edu; nloehr@vt.edu; gregory.warrington@uvm.edu FU Simons Foundation [244398]; National Science Foundation [DMS-1201312] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#244398 to Nicholas Loehr).; Third author supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-1201312. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0001-8708 EI 1090-2082 J9 ADV MATH JI Adv. Math. PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 284 BP 159 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.aim.2015.07.012 PG 27 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CS1UB UT WOS:000361852200006 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bloom, ED Bonino, R Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caputo, R Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A De Palma, F Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, A Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Horan, D Jeltema, TE Jogler, T Johnson, AS Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Li, J Li, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Maldera, S Malyshev, D Manfreda, A Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Sanchez-Conde, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spada, F Spandre, G Spinelli, P Storm, E Tajima, H Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Vianello, G Wood, KS Wood, M Zaharijas, G Zimmer, S Pinzke, A AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, A. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Jeltema, T. E. Jogler, T. Johnson, A. S. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Li, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Maldera, S. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Storm, E. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. Zimmer, S. Pinzke, A. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI SEARCH FOR EXTENDED GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE VIRGO GALAXY CLUSTER WITH FERMI-LAT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo); gamma-rays: galaxies: clusters; gamma-rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DARK-MATTER ANNIHILATION; COMA CLUSTER; COSMIC-RAYS; RADIO; SPECTRUM; HALOES; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; CONSTRAINTS AB Galaxy clusters are one of the prime sites to search for dark matter (DM) annihilation signals. Depending on the substructure of the DM halo of a galaxy cluster and the cross sections for DM annihilation channels, these signals might be detectable by the latest generation of gamma-ray telescopes. Here we use three years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope data, which are the most suitable for searching for very extended emission in the vicinity of the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster. Our analysis reveals statistically significant extended emission which can be well characterized by a uniformly emitting disk profile with a radius of 3 degrees that moreover is offset from the cluster center. We demonstrate that the significance of this extended emission strongly depends on the adopted interstellar emission model (IEM) and is most likely an artifact of our incomplete description of the IEM in this region. We also search for and find new point source candidates in the region. We then derive conservative upper limits on the velocity-averaged DM pair annihilation cross section from Virgo. We take into account the potential gamma-ray flux enhancement due to DM sub-halos and its complex morphology as a merging cluster. For DM annihilating into b (b) over bar, assuming a conservative sub-halo model setup, we find limits that are between 1 and 1.5 orders of magnitude above the expectation from the thermal cross section for m(DM) <= 100 GeV. In a more optimistic scenario, we exclude similar to 3 x 10(-26)cm(3)s(-1) for m(DM)less than or similar to 40 GeV for the same channel. Finally, we derive upper limits on the gamma-ray-flux produced by hadronic cosmic-ray interactions in the inter cluster medium. We find that the volume-averaged cosmic-ray-to-thermal pressure ratio is less than similar to 6%. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Jogler, T.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Baldini, L.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Jeltema, T. E.; Storm, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Caputo, R.; Jeltema, T. E.; Storm, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Zaharijas, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.; Jogler, T.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pivato, G.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bonino, R.; Desiante, R.; Latronico, L.; Maldera, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bonino, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Guiriec, S.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, CNRS,CEA IRFU,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-100133 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-106123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.; Pinzke, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Li, L.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Zimmer, S.; Pinzke, A.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Palma, F.] Univ Telemat Pegaso, I-80132 Naples, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Dipartimento Fis M Merlin Univ, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Funk, S.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.; Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore 21250, MD USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore 21250, MD USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Larsson, S.; Li, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Li, J.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol Phys & Astron Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Razzano, M.] Italian Minist Educ Univ & Res MIUR, Rome, Italy. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Computing Inc, Lattingtown 11560, NY USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zaharijas, G.] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. [Pinzke, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM jogler@slac.stanford.edu; zimmer@fysik.su.se; apinzke@dark-cosmology.dk RI Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Zimmer, Stephan/0000-0002-5735-0082; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola/0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214 FU Swedish Research Council; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX A.P. is grateful to the Swedish Research Council for financial support.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 87 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 159 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/159 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600071 ER PT J AU Martinez, JG Stovall, K Freire, PCC Deneva, JS Jenet, FA McLaughlin, MA Bagchi, M Bates, SD Ridolfi, A AF Martinez, J. G. Stovall, K. Freire, P. C. C. Deneva, J. S. Jenet, F. A. McLaughlin, M. A. Bagchi, M. Bates, S. D. Ridolfi, A. TI PULSAR J0453+1559: A DOUBLE NEUTRON STAR SYSTEM WITH A LARGE MASS ASYMMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational waves; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (J0453+1559) ID RELATIVISTIC BINARY PULSAR; WHITE-DWARF COMPANIONS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; PSR J1756-2251; PSR-1913+16; J1906+0746; GRAVITY; MOTION; YOUNG AB To understand the nature of supernovae and neutron star (NS) formation, as well as binary stellar evolution and their interactions, it is important to probe the distribution of NS masses. Until now, all double NS (DNS) systems have been measured as having a mass ratio close to unity (q >= 0.91). Here, we report the measurement of the individual masses of the 4.07-day binary pulsar J0453+1559 from measurements of the rate of advance of periastron and Shapiro delay: the mass of the pulsar is M-p = 1.559 +/- 0.005 M-circle dot and that of its companion is M-c= 1.174 +/- 0.004 M-circle dot; q = 0.75. If this companion is also an NS, as indicated by the orbital eccentricity of the system (e = 0.11), then its mass is the smallest precisely measured for any such object. The pulsar has a spin period of 45.7 ms and a spin period derivative of (P)over dot = (1.8616 +/- 0.0007) x 10(-19) s s(-1); from these, we derive a characteristic age of similar to 4.1 x 10(9) years and a magnetic field of similar to 2.9 x 10(9) G, i.e., this pulsar was mildly recycled by the accretion of matter from the progenitor of the companion star. This suggests that it was formed with (very approximately) its current mass. Thus, NSs form with a wide range of masses, which is important for understanding their formation in supernovae. It is also important for the search for gravitational waves released during an NS-NS merger: it is now evident that we should not assume that all DNS systems are symmetric. C1 [Martinez, J. G.; Stovall, K.; Jenet, F. A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Adv Radio Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Martinez, J. G.; Freire, P. C. C.; Ridolfi, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Stovall, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Deneva, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McLaughlin, M. A.; Bagchi, M.; Bates, S. D.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bagchi, M.] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Martinez, JG (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Adv Radio Astron, 1 West Univ Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. OI Bagchi, Manjari/0000-0001-8640-8186 FU Chief of Naval Research; European Research Council for the ERC Starting grant BEACON [279702]; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy FX J.S.D. was supported by the Chief of Naval Research. P.C.C.F. and A.R. gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Starting grant BEACON under contract No. 279702. J.G.M. was supported for this research through a stipend from the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne. A.R. is a member of the International Max Planck research school for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne and acknowledges partial support through the Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 143 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/143 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600055 ER PT J AU Mays, ML Thompson, BJ Jian, LK Colaninno, RC Odstrcil, D Mostl, C Temmer, M Savani, NP Collinson, G Taktakishvili, A MacNeice, PJ Zheng, Y AF Mays, M. L. Thompson, B. J. Jian, L. K. Colaninno, R. C. Odstrcil, D. Moestl, C. Temmer, M. Savani, N. P. Collinson, G. Taktakishvili, A. MacNeice, P. J. Zheng, Y. TI PROPAGATION OF THE 2014 JANUARY 7 CME AND RESULTING GEOMAGNETIC NON-EVENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND FLOW; DYNAMICS-OBSERVATORY SDO; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; LARGE-ANGLE; CONE MODEL; EARTH; ARRIVAL; FLUX AB On 2014 January 7 an X1.2 flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) with a radial speed approximate to 2500 km s(-1) was observed from near an active region close to disk center. This led many forecasters to estimate a rapid arrival at Earth (approximate to 36 hr) and predict a strong geomagnetic storm. However, only a glancing CME arrival was observed at Earth with a transit time of approximate to 49 hr and a K-P geomagnetic index of only 3-. We study the interplanetary propagation of this CME using the ensemble Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-ENLIL+Cone model, that allows a sampling of CME parameter uncertainties. We explore a series of simulations to isolate the effects of the background solar wind solution, CME shape, tilt, location, size, and speed, and the results are compared with observed in situ arrivals at Venus, Earth, and Mars. Our results show that a tilted ellipsoid CME shape improves the initial real-time prediction to better reflect the observed in situ signatures and the geomagnetic storm strength. CME parameters from the Graduated Cylindrical Shell model used as input to WSA-ENLIL+Cone, along with a tilted ellipsoid cloud shape, improve the arrival-time error by 14.5, 18.7, 23.4 hr for Venus, Earth, and Mars respectively. These results highlight that CME orientation and directionality with respect to observatories play an important role in understanding the propagation of this CME, and for forecasting other glancing CME arrivals. This study also demonstrates the importance of three-dimensional CME fitting made possible by multiple viewpoint imaging. C1 [Mays, M. L.; Collinson, G.; Taktakishvili, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mays, M. L.; Thompson, B. J.; Jian, L. K.; Savani, N. P.; Collinson, G.; Taktakishvili, A.; MacNeice, P. J.; Zheng, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Colaninno, R. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, IGAM Kanzelhohe Observ, Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Savani, N. P.] Appl Phys Lab Johns Hopkins, Solar Sect, Laurel, MD USA. RP Mays, ML (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM m.leila.mays@nasa.gov RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; FU NASA LWS grant [NNX15AB80G]; NSF [AGS 1242798, 1259549, 1321493]; NASA [S-136361-Y]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26174-N27, V195-N16]; European Union [606692]; NASA LWS-SC [NNX13AI96G] FX We gratefully acknowledge contributions from the model developers and participants of the Scoreboard (kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/CMEscoreboard). M.L.M. thanks T. Nieves-Chinchilla, I.G. Richardson, J.G. Luhmann, and N. Thakur for helpful discussions. M.L.M. acknowledges the support of NASA LWS grant NNX15AB80G. L.K. Jian acknowledges the support of NSF grants AGS 1242798, 1259549, and 1321493. R.C.C. acknowledges the support of NASA contract S-136361-Y to NRL. D. Odstrcil acknowledges the support of NASA LWS-SC NNX13AI96G. C.M. and M.T. acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P26174-N27 and V195-N16. The presented work has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 606692 [HELCATS]. The ACE, Wind, and OMNI solar wind plasma and magnetic field data were obtained at NASA's CDAWeb (cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov and OMNIWeb). The final definitive KP indices were obtained from the Helmholtz Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The PFSS modeled magnetic field lines were traced using SolarSoft's PFSS package. SOHO is a mission of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. Some figure colors are based on ColorBrewer.org. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/145 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600057 ER PT J AU Ogrean, GA van Weeren, RJ Jones, C Clarke, TE Sayers, J Mroczkowski, T Nulsen, PEJ Forman, W Murray, SS Pandey-Pommier, M Randall, S Churazov, E Bonafede, A Kraft, R David, L Andrade-Santos, F Merten, J Zitrin, A Umetsu, K Goulding, A Roediger, E Bagchi, J Bulbul, E Donahue, M Ebeling, H Johnston-Hollitt, M Mason, B Rosati, P Vikhlinin, A AF Ogrean, G. A. van Weeren, R. J. Jones, C. Clarke, T. E. Sayers, J. Mroczkowski, T. Nulsen, P. E. J. Forman, W. Murray, S. S. Pandey-Pommier, M. Randall, S. Churazov, E. Bonafede, A. Kraft, R. David, L. Andrade-Santos, F. Merten, J. Zitrin, A. Umetsu, K. Goulding, A. Roediger, E. Bagchi, J. Bulbul, E. Donahue, M. Ebeling, H. Johnston-Hollitt, M. Mason, B. Rosati, P. Vikhlinin, A. TI FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTERS: CHANDRA AND JVLA VIEW OF THE PRE-MERGING CLUSTER MACS J0416.1-2403 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID DIFFUSE RADIO-EMISSION; INTERACTION CROSS-SECTION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH; SCALING RELATIONS; BULLET CLUSTER; PARTICLE REACCELERATION AB Merging galaxy clusters leave long-lasting signatures on the baryonic and non-baryonic cluster constituents, including shock fronts, cold fronts, X-ray substructure, radio halos, and offsets between the dark matter (DM) and the gas components. Using observations from Chandra, the Jansky Very Large Array, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope, we present a multiwavelength analysis of the merging Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 (z = 0.396), which consists of NE and SW subclusters whose cores are separated on the sky by similar to 250 kpc. We find that the NE subcluster has a compact core and hosts an X-ray cavity, yet it is not a cool core. Approximately 450 kpc south-southwest of the SW subcluster, we detect a density discontinuity that corresponds to a compression factor of similar to 1.5. The discontinuity was most likely caused by the interaction of the SW subcluster with a less massive structure detected in the lensing maps SW of the subcluster's center. For both the NE and the SW subclusters, the DM and the gas components are well-aligned, suggesting that MACS J0416.1-2403 is a pre-merging system. The cluster also hosts a radio halo, which is unusual for a pre-merging system. The halo has a 1.4 GHz power of (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(24)WHz(-1), which is somewhat lower than expected based on the X-ray luminosity of the cluster if the spectrum of the halo is not ultra-steep. We suggest that we are either witnessing the birth of a radio halo, or have discovered a rare ultra-steep spectrum halo. C1 [Ogrean, G. A.; van Weeren, R. J.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Forman, W.; Murray, S. S.; Randall, S.; Kraft, R.; David, L.; Andrade-Santos, F.; Goulding, A.; Roediger, E.; Bulbul, E.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clarke, T. E.; Mroczkowski, T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sayers, J.; Zitrin, A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murray, S. S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pandey-Pommier, M.] Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Churazov, E.] Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Bonafede, A.; Roediger, E.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Merten, J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Umetsu, K.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Goulding, A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bagchi, J.] IUCAA, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Donahue, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ebeling, H.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnston-Hollitt, M.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington 6014, New Zealand. [Mason, B.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rosati, P.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. RP Ogrean, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gogrean@cfa.harvard.edu RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372; Umetsu, Keiichi/0000-0002-7196-4822; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; van Weeren, Reinout/0000-0002-0587-1660; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant by the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF2-51345.001-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555, NAS8-03060]; NASA through the Einstein Postdoctoral grant by the Chandra X-ray Center [PF2-130104]; 6.1 Base funding; Chandra grant [G03-14131X]; [13496] FX G.A.O. acknowledges support by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51345.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. R.J.vW. is supported by NASA through the Einstein Postdoctoral grant number PF2-130104 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA, under contract NAS8-03060. A.Z. acknowledges support by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51334.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research was performed while T.M. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Basic research in radio astronomy at NRL by T.M. and T.E.C. is supported by 6.1 Base funding. F.A.S. acknowledges support from Chandra grant G03-14131X.; The scientific results reported in this article are based on observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Part of the reported results are based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The HST observations are associated with program #13496. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We thank the staff of the GMRT that made these observations possible. The GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 153 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/153 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600065 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Sassi, F Randall, CE Harvey, VL Hervig, ME Bailey, SM AF Siskind, D. E. Sassi, F. Randall, C. E. Harvey, V. L. Hervig, M. E. Bailey, S. M. TI Is a high-altitude meteorological analysis necessary to simulate thermosphere-stratosphere coupling? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mesosphere; stratosphere ID SOLAR OCCULTATION; ICE EXPERIMENT; WINTER AB We compare simulations of mesospheric tracer descent in the winter and spring of 2009 with two versions of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), both with specified dynamics. One is constrained with data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications which extends from 0 to 50km; the other uses the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System-Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA) which extends up to 92km. By comparison with Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment data we show that constraining WACCM to NOGAPS-ALPHA yields a dramatic improvement in the simulated descent of enhanced nitric oxide (NO) and very low methane (CH4). We suggest that constraining to NOGAPS-ALPHA compensates for an underestimate of nonorographic gravity wave drag in WACCM. Other possibilities, such as missing energetic particle precipitation or underestimated eddy diffusion, are less likely for the Arctic winter and spring of 2009. C1 [Siskind, D. E.; Sassi, F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Randall, C. E.; Harvey, V. L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randall, C. E.; Harvey, V. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hervig, M. E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [Bailey, S. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU NASA/AIM Small Explorer program; NASA LWS [NNX14AH54G] FX The WACCM runs are archived at the Naval Research Laboratory and are available upon request. The SOFIE data are available at http://sofie.gats-inc.com. This work was supported by the NASA/AIM Small Explorer program, NASA LWS grant NNX14AH54G to CU, and the Chief of Naval Research to NRL. We also thank the SOFIE algorithm team for their hard work in producing an outstanding data set. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 8225 EP 8230 DI 10.1002/2015GL065838 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500046 ER PT J AU Weiblen, RJ Florea, CM Busse, LE Shaw, LB Menyuk, CR Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Weiblen, R. Joseph Florea, Catalin M. Busse, Lynda E. Shaw, L. Brandon Menyuk, Curtis R. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Irradiance enhancement and increased laser damage threshold in As2S3 moth-eye antireflective structures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; FIBERS; DOMAIN; INDEX; LIGHT AB It has been experimentally observed that moth-eye antireflective microstructures at the end of As2S3 fibers have an increased laser damage threshold relative to thin-film antireflective coatings. In this work, we computationally study the irradiance enhancement in As2S3 moth-eye antireflective microstructures in order to explain the increased damage threshold. We show that the irradiance enhancement occurs mostly on the air side of the interfaces and is minimal in the As2S3 material. We give a physical explanation for this behavior. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiblen, R. Joseph; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Florea, Catalin M.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Busse, Lynda E.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiblen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM ro2@umbc.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-09-2-C016, N00173-15-1-G905] FX Naval Research Laboratory (N00173-09-2-C016, N00173-15-1-G905). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 20 BP 4799 EP 4802 DI 10.1364/OL.40.004799 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7QF UT WOS:000364468400058 PM 26469623 ER PT J AU Queen, DR Liu, X Karel, J Jacks, HC Metcalf, TH Hellman, F AF Queen, D. R. Liu, X. Karel, J. Jacks, H. C. Metcalf, T. H. Hellman, F. TI Two-level systems in evaporated amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous silicon; Two-level systems; Specific heat; Internal friction ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; DEPENDENT SPECIFIC-HEAT; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VITREOUS SILICA; A-SI; THIN-FILMS; GLASSES; SOLIDS; GERMANIUM AB In e-beam evaporated amorphous silicon (alpha-Si), the densities of two-level systems (TLS), n(0) and (P) over bar, determined from specific heat C and internal friction Q(-1) measurements, respectively, have been shown to vary by over three orders of magnitude. Here we show that n(0) and (P) over bar are proportional to each other with a constant of proportionality that is consistent with the measurement time dependence proposed by Black and Halperin and does not require the introduction of additional anomalous TLS. However, n(0) and (P) over bar depend strongly on the atomic density of the film (n(si)) which depends on both film thickness and growth temperature suggesting that the alpha-Si structure is heterogeneous with nanovoids or other lower density regions forming in a dense amorphous network. A review of literature data shows that this atomic density dependence is not unique to alpha-Si. These findings suggest that MS are not intrinsic to an amorphous network but require a heterogeneous structure to form. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Queen, D. R.; Jacks, H. C.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, X.; Metcalf, T. H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Karel, J.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Queen, DR (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Lithicum, MD 21240 USA. EM daniel.queen@ngc.com RI Karel, Julie/J-5305-2014 FU NSF [DMR-0907724]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank V. Lubchenko for his useful discussions, K.M. Yu and R. Culbertson for their assistance with RBS, DJ. Smith for TEM, J.W. Ager III for his assistance with Raman, and D. Bobela for ESR. This work was supported by the NSF DMR-0907724, film growth and nanocalorimeter development supported by the U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231, and internal friction measurements supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 426 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.06.020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CP4YR UT WOS:000359889000004 ER PT J AU Agassi, YD AF Agassi, Y. D. TI AC losses in superconductors with a power-law constitutive relation SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Giant flux-creep; Power-law constitutive relation; AC losses; Critical state model; Electric field in a superconductor ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-CREEP; HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; CONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL; BSCCO; STRIP AB The observed constitutive relation between the electrical field and current density in cuprates high temperature superconductors is a power-law of the current. This functional dependence is presumably related to the giant flux-creep domain. It is shown that this constitutive relation reflects the statistical spread of the pinning potential associated with creep motion of vortex bundles. The AC losses emanating from a power-law constitutive relation are calculated in an approach focused on the superconductor's electric field. For a slab geometry in the presence of a parallel AC magnetic field or transport current, the calculated AC-loss scaling laws are consistent with BSCCO data and the critical state model. Extensions of the approach are briefly discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Agassi, Y. D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Agassi, YD (reprint author), 9500 MacArthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM yehoshua.agassi@navy.mil FU NSWC-CORE FX The support of NSWC-CORE funding, encouragement by B. Fitzpatrick, and insightful discussions with D. E. Oates are acknowledged. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 517 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2015.07.008 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CP7NA UT WOS:000360073700008 ER PT J AU Timmerwilke, J Petrie, JR Wieland, KA Mencia, R Liou, SH Cress, CD Newburgh, GA Edelstein, AS AF Timmerwilke, John Petrie, J. R. Wieland, K. A. Mencia, Raymond Liou, Sy-Hwang Cress, C. D. Newburgh, G. A. Edelstein, A. S. TI Using magnetic permeability bits to store information SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE memory; permeability; phase; change ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; MEMORY AB Steps are described in the development of a new magnetic memory technology, based on states with different magnetic permeability, with the capability to reliably store large amounts of information in a high-density form for decades. The advantages of using the permeability to store information include an insensitivity to accidental exposure to magnetic fields or temperature changes, both of which are known to corrupt memory approaches that rely on remanent magnetization. The high permeability media investigated consists of either films of Metglas 2826 MB (Fe40Ni38Mo4B18) or bilayers of permalloy (Ni78Fe22)/Cu. Regions of films of the high permeability media were converted thermally to low permeability regions by laser or ohmic heating. The permeability of the bits was read by detecting changes of an external 32 Oe probe field using a magnetic tunnel junction 10 mu m away from the media. Metglas bits were written with 100 mu s laser pulses and arrays of 300 nm diameter bits were read. The high and low permeability bits written using bilayers of permalloy/Cu are not affected by 10 Mrad(Si) of gamma radiation from a Co-60 source. An economical route for writing and reading bits as small at 20 nm using a variation of heat assisted magnetic recording is discussed. C1 [Timmerwilke, John; Petrie, J. R.; Mencia, Raymond; Newburgh, G. A.; Edelstein, A. S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wieland, K. A.] Corning Inc, Painted Post, NY 14870 USA. [Liou, Sy-Hwang] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Cress, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Timmerwilke, J (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM aedelstein@cox.net OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 40 AR 405002 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/48/40/405002 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CS3WQ UT WOS:000362006400003 ER PT J AU Hurtado, SL Simon-Arndt, CM McAnany, J Crain, JA AF Hurtado, Suzanne L. Simon-Arndt, Cynthia M. McAnany, Jennifer Crain, Jenny A. TI Acceptability of mental health stigma-reduction training and initial effects on awareness among military personnel SO SPRINGERPLUS LA English DT Article DE Stigma; Mental health; Military; Toolkit; Acceptability; Awareness ID SERVICE USE; VETERANS; CARE; SOLDIERS; IRAQ; DEPLOYMENT; BARRIERS; ILLNESS AB The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a mental health stigma reduction toolkit and training, and the acceptability and level of stigma awareness following the stigma-reduction training for military personnel. The overall aims of the training were to provide discussion tools highlighting the experiences of Marines seeking help for stress concerns, improve communication between leaders and their Marines around the issue of help seeking, and familiarize Marines with behavioral health treatment. Senior enlisted leaders and officers (N = 52) from a Marine Corps battalion participated in a pretest, 2-h stigma-reduction training and immediate posttest. Acceptability of the training was measured by querying participants about the usefulness and helpfulness of the training among other factors, and stigma awareness was measured with 10 items about mental health stigma. The stigma-reduction training and materials were well accepted by participants. In addition, there was a significant improvement in four of ten stigma-reduction awareness concepts measured before and immediately after the training, which included an increase in agreement that mental health treatments are usually effective in reducing stress reactions [t(51) = -3.35, p = 0.002], and an increase in disagreement that seeking counseling after a deployment will jeopardize future deployments [t(51) = -3.05, p = 0.004]. Level of agreement with several statements including those regarding perceptions of invincibility, and malingering, among others, did not change significantly after the training. The stigma-reduction training containing educational and contact strategies was highly acceptable to the leaders and may have promise for initially dispelling myths associated with seeking help for stress concerns among military service members; however, results indicate that there is clearly more work to be done in combatting stigma. C1 [Hurtado, Suzanne L.; Simon-Arndt, Cynthia M.; McAnany, Jennifer; Crain, Jenny A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth & Behav Sci, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Hurtado, SL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth & Behav Sci, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Suzanne.l.hurtado.civ@mail.mil FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [60934] FX The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to all of the Marines who participated in this study. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to Dr. Colleen McBrien; Richard Mathern, SgtMaj, USMC (ret.); Kathleen Onofrio and Ingrid Wilson, LT, USN, for their contributions to the study. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2010.0009). This work was supported by US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Work Unit no. 60934. The funding organization did not play a direct role in the conduct of this study or in the writing of this manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2193-1801 J9 SPRINGERPLUS JI SpringerPlus PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 4 AR 606 DI 10.1186/s40064-015-1402-z PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV5XC UT WOS:000364343800015 PM 26543741 ER PT J AU Dwyer, CL Diaz, SA Walper, SA Samanta, A Susumu, K Oh, E Buckhout-White, S Medintz, IL AF Dwyer, Chris L. Diaz, Sebastian A. Walper, Scott A. Samanta, Anirban Susumu, Kimihiro Oh, Eunkeu Buckhout-White, Susan Medintz, Igor L. TI Chemoenzymatic Sensitization of DNA Photonic Wires Mediated through Quantum Dot Energy Transfer Relays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCAFFOLDS; LIGANDS C1 [Dwyer, Chris L.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Diaz, Sebastian A.; Walper, Scott A.; Samanta, Anirban; Buckhout-White, Susan; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Oh, Eunkeu] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil OI Diaz, Sebastian/0000-0002-5568-0512 FU NRL Summer Faculty Fellowship; National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship [N00014-15-1-0032] FX CLD acknowledges an NRL Summer Faculty Fellowship and the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship # N00014-15-1-0032. IM acknowledges the NRL Nanosciences Institute, and DTRA JSTO MIPR # B112582M. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 19 BP 6490 EP 6494 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02870 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CT6KA UT WOS:000362920700005 ER PT J AU Kafafi, ZH Martin-Palma, RJ Nogueira, AF O'Carroll, DM Pietron, JJ Samuel, IDW So, F Tansu, N Tsakalakos, L AF Kafafi, Zakya H. Martin-Palma, Raul J. Nogueira, Ana F. O'Carroll, Deirdre M. Pietron, Jeremy J. Samuel, Ifor D. W. So, Franky Tansu, Nelson Tsakalakos, Loucas TI The role of photonics in energy SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Review DE chemical energy conversion; dye sensitized cells; electrical energy conversion; energy; energy conservation; energy conversion; flat panel displays; International Year of Light; light management; light-emitting diodes; optical communications; optical interconnects; optoelectronics; organic light-emitting diodes; organic photovoltaics; organic-inorganic hybrid cells; perovskite solar cells; photocatalysis; photoelectrochemical solar cells; photonic crystals; photonics; photovoltaics; plasmonics; sensors; solar cells; solar fuels; solar harvesting; solid-state lighting; sun-tracking systems; thermal energy conversion; water-splitting ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PEROVSKITE SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ORGANOMETAL HALIDE PEROVSKITES; HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; PHOTOCATALYTIC CO2 REDUCTION; CURRENT INJECTION EFFICIENCY; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; VISIBLE-LIGHT; THIN-FILM AB In celebration of the 2015 International Year of Light, we highlight major breakthroughs in photonics for energy conversion and conservation. The section on energy conversion discusses the role of light in solar light harvesting for electrical and thermal power generation; chemical energy conversion and fuel generation; as well as photonic sensors for energy applications. The section on energy conservation focuses on solid-state lighting, flat-panel displays, and optical communications and interconnects. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Kafafi, Zakya H.; Tansu, Nelson] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Martin-Palma, Raul J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Nogueira, Ana F.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Nanotecnol & Energia Solar, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [O'Carroll, Deirdre M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [O'Carroll, Deirdre M.] IAMDN, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Pietron, Jeremy J.] Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Samuel, Ifor D. W.] Univ St Andrews, Organ Semicond Ctr, SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [So, Franky] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tsakalakos, Loucas] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Elect Technol & Syst, Micro & Nano Struct Technol, Photon Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM kafafiz@gmail.com; rauljose.martin@uam.es; anaflavia@iqm.unicamp.br; ocarroll@rci.rutgers.edu; jeremy.pietron@nrl.navy.mil; idws@st-andrews.ac.uk; fso@ncsu.edu; tansu@lehigh.edu; tsakalakos@ge.com RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008; O'Carroll, Deirdre/H-5194-2016; OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125; O'Carroll, Deirdre/0000-0001-7209-4278; Martin-Palma, Raul J/0000-0003-3434-8331 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) of Brazil; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1309459, ECCS 1408051, DMR 1505122]; U.S. Office of Naval Research; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK [EP/K00042X, EP/L012294]; European Research Council of the European Union [321305] FX A.F.N. acknowledges support from the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) of Brazil. D.O'C. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-1309459). J.J.P. acknowledges support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research. I.D.W.S. acknowledges support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK (Grants EP/K00042X and EP/L012294) and the European Research Council of the European Union (Grant 321305). N.T. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grants ECCS 1408051 and DMR 1505122). NR 346 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 25 U2 108 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PD OCT 12 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 050997 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.5.050997 PG 44 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CX9MV UT WOS:000366030600001 ER PT J AU Carter, SG Soykal, OO Dev, P Economou, SE Glaser, ER AF Carter, S. G. Soykal, Oe. O. Dev, Pratibha Economou, Sophia E. Glaser, E. R. TI Spin coherence and echo modulation of the silicon vacancy in 4H-SiC at room temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE; ENVELOPE MODULATION; CARBIDE; DIAMOND; ELECTRON; QUBITS; 4H; DEFECTS; TIMES; FIELD AB The silicon vacancy in silicon carbide is a strong emergent candidate for applications in quantum information processing and sensing. We perform room temperature optically detected magnetic resonance and spin echo measurements on an ensemble of vacancies and find the spin echo properties depend strongly on magnetic field. The spin echo decay time varies from less than 10 mu s at low fields to 80 mu s at 68 mT, and a strong field-dependent spin echo modulation is also observed. The modulation is attributed to the interaction with nuclear spins and is well described by a theoretical model. C1 [Carter, S. G.; Economou, Sophia E.; Glaser, E. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Soykal, Oe. O.; Dev, Pratibha] Naval Res Lab, Nat Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sam.carter@nrl.navy.mil RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award [HDTRA1-15-1-0011] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award No. HDTRA1-15-1-0011. Computer resources were provided by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. O.S. and P.D. acknowledge the NRL-NRC Research Associateship Program. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 12 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 16 AR 161202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.161202 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CT6AE UT WOS:000362891800004 ER PT J AU Streltsov, S Mazin, II Foyevtsova, K AF Streltsov, S. Mazin, I. I. Foyevtsova, K. TI Localized itinerant electrons and unique magnetic properties of SrRu2O6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB SrRu2O6 has unique magnetic properties. It is characterized by a very high Neel temperature, despite its quasi-two-dimensional structure, and has a magnetic moment more than twice reduced compared to the formal ionic count. First-principles calculations show that only an ideal Neel ordering in the Ru plane is possible, with no other metastable magnetic solutions, and, highly unusually, yield dielectric gaps for both antiferromagnetic and nonmagnetic states. We demonstrate that this strange behavior is the result of the formation of very specific electronic objects, recently suggested for a geometrically similar Na2IrO3 compound, whereby each electron is well localized on a particular Ru-6 hexagon, and completely delocalized over the corresponding six Ru sites, thus making the compound both strongly localized and highly itinerant. C1 [Streltsov, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, MN Miheev Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia. [Streltsov, S.] Ural Fed Univ, Theoret Phys & Appl Math Dept, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foyevtsova, K.] Univ British Columbia, Quantum Matter Inst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Streltsov, S (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, MN Miheev Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia. RI Streltsov, Sergey/A-8293-2016; Streltsov, Sergey/A-6674-2012 OI Streltsov, Sergey/0000-0002-2823-1754 FU Civil Research and Development Foundation [FSCX-14-61025-0]; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [13-02-00374]; Ural branch of Russian academy of Science [15-8-2-4]; FASO [01201463326]; ONR through the NRL basic research program FX S.S. and I.M. are grateful to R. Valenti and University of Frankfurt (where this work was started) for the hospitality and to A. Ruban, S. Khmelevskii, A. Poteryaev, D. Khomskii, and K. Belashchenko for useful discussions. This work was supported by Civil Research and Development Foundation via program FSCX-14-61025-0, the Russian Foundation of Basic Research via Grant No. 13-02-00374, Ural branch of Russian academy of Science via program 15-8-2-4 and FASO (theme Electron No. 01201463326). I.M. is supported by ONR through the NRL basic research program. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 12 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 13 AR 134408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.134408 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CT5ZW UT WOS:000362890900003 ER PT J AU Lazarus, P Brazier, A Hessels, JWT Karako-Argaman, C Kaspi, VM Lynch, R Madsen, E Patel, C Ransom, SM Scholz, P Swiggum, J Zhu, WW Allen, B Bogdanov, S Camilo, F Cardoso, F Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Crawford, F Deneva, JS Ferdman, R Freire, PCC Jenet, FA Knispel, B Lee, KJ van Leeuwen, J Lorimer, DR Lyne, AG McLaughlin, MA Siemens, X Spitler, LG Stairs, IH Stovall, K Venkataraman, A AF Lazarus, P. Brazier, A. Hessels, J. W. T. Karako-Argaman, C. Kaspi, V. M. Lynch, R. Madsen, E. Patel, C. Ransom, S. M. Scholz, P. Swiggum, J. Zhu, W. W. Allen, B. Bogdanov, S. Camilo, F. Cardoso, F. Chatterjee, S. Cordes, J. M. Crawford, F. Deneva, J. S. Ferdman, R. Freire, P. C. C. Jenet, F. A. Knispel, B. Lee, K. J. van Leeuwen, J. Lorimer, D. R. Lyne, A. G. McLaughlin, M. A. Siemens, X. Spitler, L. G. Stairs, I. H. Stovall, K. Venkataraman, A. TI ARECIBO PULSAR SURVEY USING ALFA. IV. MOCK SPECTROMETER DATA ANALYSIS, SURVEY SENSITIVITY, AND THE DISCOVERY OF 40 PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; pulsars: general ID FAST RADIO TRANSIENTS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; X-RAY; INITIAL DISCOVERIES; 1ST DISCOVERIES; GALACTIC PLANE; GREEN BANK; MAGNETAR; POPULATION; EMISSION AB The on-going Arecibo Pulsar-ALFA (PALFA) survey began in 2004 and is searching for radio pulsars in the Galactic plane at 1.4 GHz. Here we present a comprehensive description of one of its main data reduction pipelines that is based on the PRESTO software and includes new interference-excision algorithms and candidate selection heuristics. This pipeline has been used to discover 40 pulsars, bringing the survey's discovery total to 144 pulsars. Of the new discoveries, eight are millisecond pulsars (MSPs; P < 10 ms) and one is a Fast Radio Burst (FRB). This pipeline has also re-detected 188 previously known pulsars, 60 of them previously discovered by the other PALFA pipelines. We present a novel method for determining the survey sensitivity that accurately takes into account the effects of interference and red noise: we inject synthetic pulsar signals with various parameters into real survey observations and then attempt to recover them with our pipeline. We find that the PALFA survey achieves the sensitivity to MSPs predicted by theoretical models but suffers a degradation for P. 100 ms that gradually becomes up to similar to 10 times worse for P > 4 s at DM < 150 pc cm(-3). We estimate 33 +/- 3% of the slower pulsars are missed, largely due to red noise. A population synthesis analysis using the sensitivity limits we measured suggests the PALFA survey should have found 224 +/- 16 un-recycled pulsars in the data set analyzed, in agreement with the 241 actually detected. The reduced sensitivity could have implications on estimates of the number of long-period pulsars in the Galaxy. C1 [Lazarus, P.; Zhu, W. W.; Freire, P. C. C.; Spitler, L. G.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Brazier, A.; Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brazier, A.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hessels, J. W. T.; van Leeuwen, J.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Hessels, J. W. T.; van Leeuwen, J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Karako-Argaman, C.; Kaspi, V. M.; Lynch, R.; Madsen, E.; Patel, C.; Scholz, P.; Ferdman, R.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lynch, R.; Swiggum, J.; Cardoso, F.; Lorimer, D. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ransom, S. M.; Knispel, B.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Allen, B.; Knispel, B.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Allen, B.; Siemens, X.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Allen, B.; Siemens, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Bogdanov, S.; Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Crawford, F.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Deneva, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jenet, F. A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Lee, K. J.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lyne, A. G.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Stairs, I. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Stovall, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Venkataraman, A.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Lazarus, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM plazarus@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256 FU CANARIE NEP-2 grant; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); NanoQuebec; RMGA; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT); NSF [PHY 1104617]; NSERC Discovery Grant and Accelerator Supplement; Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Quebec; R. Howard Webster Foundation Fellowship from the Canadian Institute; Canada Research Chairs Program; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP)/ERC Grant [337062]; European Research Council for the ERC Starting Grant BEACON [279702]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NSERC Discovery Grant and Discovery Accelerator Supplement; Chief of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [AST-1100968] FX The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Universidad Metropolitana, and the Universities Space Research Association. The CyberSKA project was funded by a CANARIE NEP-2 grant.; Computations were made on the supercomputer Guillimin at McGill University, managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada. The operation of this supercomputer is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), NanoQuebec, RMGA and the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT).; P. L. acknowledges the support of IMPRS Bonn/Cologne and FQRNT B2. PALFA work at Cornell University is supported by NSF grant PHY 1104617. V. M. K. receives support from an NSERC Discovery Grant and Accelerator Supplement, Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Quebec, an R. Howard Webster Foundation Fellowship from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Study, the Canada Research Chairs Program and the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology. J. W. T. H. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement nr. 337062 ("DRAGNET"). J. S. D. was supported by the Chief of Naval Research. P. C. C. F. and L. G. S. gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Starting Grant BEACON under contract no. 279702. Pulsar research at UBC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and Discovery Accelerator Supplement and by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 1 AR 81 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/81 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CV4KC UT WOS:000364234700081 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Bania, TM Balser, DS AF Wilson, T. L. Bania, T. M. Balser, Dana S. TI ELECTRON TEMPERATURES IN ORION A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM: abundances; ISM: atoms; ISM: individual objects (NGC 1976, M42, Orion A) ID H-II-REGIONS; RECOMBINATION LINE; NEBULA; EMISSION; DISTANCE; HYDROGEN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; DENSITY; LIGHT; MODEL AB We measured the hydrogen, helium, and carbon 106 alpha radio recombination lines (RRLs), three different beta and gamma lines, and radio continuum at 4' east, west, and south of the peak of the H II region NGC 1976 (Messier 42, Orion A) with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope at 5 GHz. The alpha/beta and alpha/gamma integrated line intensities for the offset positions are in agreement with local thermodynamic equilibrium, and so the ratio of the integrated intensity from RRL to the thermal continuum allows for a simplified calculation of the electron temperature, T-e. For the offset positions, the average value is T-e = 7200 +/- 100 K. The best value of T-e for the peak continuum position, based on previous RRL data, is 8300 +/- 200 K. Thus, there is a decrease in T-e with angular offset. These data are consistent with the empirical model of Wilson et al., based on RRL data. There is good agreement between the T-e values from RRLs and those from optical collisionally excited lines, [O III], and Balmer decrement data, but the T-e value from optical recombination lines is significantly lower. Analysis of this prototype H II region provides additional inputs for the determination of element abundances and a benchmark for interpretations of more distant H II regions. C1 [Wilson, T. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bania, T. M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Balser, Dana S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 20903 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.wilson@nrl.navy.mil OI Balser, Dana/0000-0002-2465-7803 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 1 AR 45 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/45 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CV4KC UT WOS:000364234700045 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Goldman, ER Zabetakis, D Walper, SA Turner, KB Shriver-Lake, LC Anderson, GP AF Liu, Jinny L. Goldman, Ellen R. Zabetakis, Dan Walper, Scott A. Turner, Kendrick B. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Anderson, George P. TI Enhanced production of a single domain antibody with an engineered stabilizing extra disulfide bond SO MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES LA English DT Article DE Camelid; Single domain antibody; Disulfide bond; Thermal stability; Protein production ID COMPLEMENTARITY-DETERMINING REGIONS; PROTEIN SOLUBILITY; CHARGED MUTATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRAGMENTS; AGGREGATION; TOOLS AB Background: Single domain antibodies derived from the variable region of the unique heavy chain antibodies found in camelids yield high affinity and regenerable recognition elements. Adding an additional disulfide bond that bridges framework regions is a proven method to increase their melting temperature, however often at the expense of protein production. To fulfill their full potential it is essential to achieve robust protein production of these stable binding elements. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that decreasing the isoelectric point of single domain antibody extra disulfide bond mutants whose production fell due to the incorporation of the extra disulfide bond would lead to recovery of the protein yield, while maintaining the favorable melting temperature and affinity. Results: Introduction of negative charges into a disulfide bond mutant of a single domain antibody specific for the L1 antigen of the vaccinia virus led to approximately 3.5-fold increase of protein production to 14 mg/L, while affinity and melting temperature was maintained. In addition, refolding following heat denaturation improved from 15 to 70 %. It also maintained nearly 100 % of its binding function after heating to 85 degrees C for an hour at 1 mg/mL. Disappointingly, the replacement of neutral or positively charged amino acids with negatively charged ones to lower the isoelectric point of two anti-toxin single domain antibodies stabilized with a second disulfide bond yielded only slight increases in protein production. Nonetheless, for one of these binders the charge change itself stabilized the structure equivalent to disulfide bond addition, thus providing an alternative route to stabilization which is not accompanied by loss in production. Conclusion: The ability to produce high affinity, stable single domain antibodies is critical for their utility. While the addition of a second disulfide bond is a proven method for enhancing stability of single domain antibodies, it frequently comes at the cost of reduced yields. While decreasing the isoelectric point of double disulfide mutants of single domain antibodies may improve protein production, charge addition appears to consistently improve refolding and some charge changes can also improve thermal stability, thus providing a number of benefits making the examination of such mutations worth consideration. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Zabetakis, Dan; Walper, Scott A.; Turner, Kendrick B.; Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Anderson, George P.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-DIAGB5-2-0037, CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency CBCALL12-DIAGB5-2-0037 and CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036. Other support for this work was provided by ONR/NRL 6.1 and 6.2 Base funds. KBT was an American Society for Engineering Education postdoctoral fellow. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2859 J9 MICROB CELL FACT JI Microb. Cell. Fact. PD OCT 9 PY 2015 VL 14 AR 158 DI 10.1186/s12934-015-0340-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CT0HO UT WOS:000362475800002 PM 26449768 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Kathaperumal, M Chen, VW Park, Y Fuentes-Hernandez, C Pan, MJ Kippelen, B Perry, JW AF Kim, Yunsang Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam Chen, Vincent W. Park, Yohan Fuentes-Hernandez, Canek Pan, Ming-Jen Kippelen, Bernard Perry, Joseph W. TI Bilayer Structure with Ultrahigh Energy/Power Density Using Hybrid Sol-Gel Dielectric and Charge-Blocking Monolayer SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE charge-blocking monolayer; high energy density; high power density; sol-gel dielectrics; thin film capacitors ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; BREAKDOWN; CAPACITORS; DISCHARGE; STORAGE; FILMS; POWER; NANOCONFINEMENT C1 [Kim, Yunsang; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Chen, Vincent W.; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Yunsang; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Chen, Vincent W.; Park, Yohan; Fuentes-Hernandez, Canek; Kippelen, Bernard; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Park, Yohan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fuentes-Hernandez, Canek; Kippelen, Bernard] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pan, Ming-Jen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perry, JW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM joe.perry@gatech.edu RI Fuentes Hernandez, Canek/G-3974-2011; Chen, Vincent/F-7564-2014 OI Chen, Vincent/0000-0002-6824-2757 FU Office of Naval Research Dielectric Films Program [N000141110462]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, BioPAINTS MURI Program [FA9550-09-0669] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Dielectric Films Program (Grant No. N000141110462) and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, BioPAINTS MURI Program (Grant No. FA9550-09-0669). The authors thank Prof. Zhiqun Lin for use of an AFM instrument, and Dr. Mark D. Walters and the Shared MRSEC Instrumentation Facility (SMiF) at Duke University for angle-resolved XPS measurements. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 47 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 19 AR 1500767 DI 10.1002/aenm.201500767 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CT1VT UT WOS:000362591100005 ER PT J AU North, SH Taitt, CR AF North, Stella H. Taitt, Chris R. TI Application of Circular Dichroism for Structural Analysis of Surface-Immobilized Cecropin A Interacting with Lipoteichoic Acid SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HELICAL COILED-COILS; CATIONIC ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; BACILLUS STRAINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MEMBRANE; BINDING; SPECTRA; MODEL AB The development of biomaterials integrating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for improved pathogen detection or use as therapeutic agents requires an understanding of how a peptide may behave once immobilized. Here, we use a combination of circular dichroism and capture assays to assess the structure-function relationship of the cationic amphipathic AMP, cecropin A (cecA), upon interaction with Gram-positive lipoteichoic acids (LTAs). In solution, cecA peptides underwent a change from a largely unstructured conformation in water to structures with significant alpha-helical content in the presence of both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus LTAs. After surface immobilization, cecA peptides attached by either C- or N-terminus were able to capture both LTAs as well as to undergo conformational changes in the presence of SDS similar to those observed in solution. However, in spite of demonstrated LTA binding activity and the ability to undergo conformational changes (i.e., with SDS), no structural changes were observed when cecA immobilized by its N-terminus was treated with either LTA preparation. On the other hand, cecA immobilized by its C-terminus underwent a conformational change in the presence of S. aureus, but not B. subtilis, LTA. These results indicate that after immobilization recognition of different targets by cationic AMPs may occur by mechanisms quite different from those in solution and that selectivity of these mechanisms is further dependent on the orientation of the immobilized peptide. C1 [North, Stella H.; Taitt, Chris R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NRL [6547] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NRL internal funding (work unit 6547). NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 39 BP 10791 EP 10798 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02600 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CT2JY UT WOS:000362629000019 PM 26362347 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Hartmann, VA Yeager, KM Shivarudrappa, S Diaz, RJ Osterman, LE Reed, AH AF Briggs, Kevin B. Hartmann, Valerie A. Yeager, Kevin M. Shivarudrappa, S. Diaz, Robert J. Osterman, Lisa E. Reed, Allen H. TI Influence of hypoxia on biogenic structure in sediments on the Louisiana continental shelf SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Macrobenthos; Computed tomography; Burrows; Bioturbation; Polychaete; Bivalve ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COMPUTER-AIDED TOMOGRAPHY; SABINE-NECHES ESTUARY; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; BURROWING INVERTEBRATES; COASTAL WATERS; MACROFAUNA; RECOVERY AB As part of a study of the effects of seasonal hypoxia on sediment properties, samples were collected during the spring and late summer of 2009 from four sites of similar sediment type and water depth (30 -39 m), but different recent history of bottom water oxygen concentration on the continental shelf of Louisiana. Sediment profile imaging (SPI), box coring, X-radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging were employed to characterize the biogenic structural differences in surficial sediments among a normoxic control site and three sites subjected to hypoxic events varying in frequency of occurrence. Results of the CT imagery indicated that macrobenthic biogenic structures were the most numerous at the H7 site that had experienced the least hypoxia in the past 23 years. The E4 site that had experienced hypoxia seasonally with a frequency between 50% and 75% of the time had the fewest biogenic structures in spring 2009, but exhibited recovery in terms of their abundance and diameter in summer 2009. E4 also exhibited high rates of bioturbation during the late-summer sampling as determined from excess Th-234. This suggests that the macrobenthos community at this site was in an active phase of recovery from hypoxia. At the A6 site, exposed to hypoxia with an annual frequency >= 75%, biogenic structures were numerous but dimensionally small, correlating with the average individual size of macrobenthos found there. The total volume maxima occupied by biogenic structures in the sediment occurred below the uppermost sediment intervals, with the exception of the spring sample from the D5 site that experienced hypoxia between 25% and 50% of the time. CT-imagery indicating effects of seasonal hypoxia on biogenic structure in the top 10 cm of sediments detected more structures than SPI, X-radiographic imagery, or macrobenthos census data. The presence of relict burrows probably inflated estimates of biogenic structures in the subcores, rendering an integrated result that included creation, destruction, and preservation of burrows and voids over time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Briggs, Kevin B.; Reed, Allen H.] Naval Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hartmann, Valerie A.] Naval Oceanog Off, Hydrog Mission Readiness Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yeager, Kevin M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shivarudrappa, S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Diaz, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kevin.briggs@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank M. Richardson, J. Watkins, J. Dale, M. Spearman, S. Epps, S.K. Sturdivant, R. Devereux, J. Scott, and C. Reynolds for their assistance with the field work on the two cruises. D. Menke, C. Rakocinski, R. Heard, S. LeCroy, G. Gaston, J. McLelland, and J. Blake provided invaluable taxonomic assistance and H. Plavnick, M. Bracey, A. Tootle and A. Eubanks assisted with the laboratory work. Our special thanks go to Nancy Rabalais for providing the bottom 02 data and especially to the captain and crew of the R/V Pelican for their assistance and professionalism. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions on the original manuscript. The Office of Naval Research provided support for this research. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 164 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.07.019 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA5SI UT WOS:000367862400017 ER PT J AU Davidson, AL Twigg, M Thompson, PE Worchesky, T Aifer, E AF Davidson, Anthony L., III Twigg, Mark Thompson, Phillip E. Worchesky, Terrance Aifer, Edward TI Thermal diffusivity and heat capacity of SiGe/Si superlattice from 374K to 674K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB In this work, we examine the thermal diffusivity of Si/SiGe thin-film superlattice (SL) structures and use these results with pervious thermal conductivity results to calculate the heat capacity from 374K to 674 K. The thermal properties of semiconductor layered structures can be altered through the use of SL structures. This alteration occurs through two possible mechanisms: increased phonon scattering due to rough interfaces and phonon zone folding due to boundary conditions of the propagating waves. Examining the heat capacity allows for the observation of phonon zone folding effects while limiting effects due to scattering. Structures studied here consist of SiGe SLs grown at different temperatures and with varying SL spacing allowing the examination of period and crystallinity effects on thermal properties. Previously reported results show that for SL structures both crystalline and polycrystalline have a thermal conductivity of approximately 1W/mK measured over temperatures ranging from 374K to 674 K. In this work, thermal diffusivity was measured through laser flash analysis, with crystalline SL structures showing values <1 mm(2)/s, while the thermal diffusivity of the polycrystalline structure was found to be twice that of the crystalline structure over the temperature range. In all instances, the heat capacities for the SL structures are found to be lower than that for a uniform thin film alloy, indicating a significant contribution of phonon dispersion modification to the heat capacity. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Davidson, Anthony L., III; Worchesky, Terrance] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Davidson, Anthony L., III; Twigg, Mark; Thompson, Phillip E.; Aifer, Edward] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davidson, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM adavid3@umbc.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 14 AR 143503 DI 10.1063/1.4932163 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU3JV UT WOS:000363422100072 ER PT J AU Khemlani, S Lotstein, M Trafton, JG Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet Lotstein, Max Trafton, J. Gregory Johnson-Laird, P. N. TI Immediate inferences from quantified assertions SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quantifiers; Mental models; Logic; Syllogisms; Reasoning ID MENTAL MODELS; STRATEGIES; ELIMINATE; ERROR AB We propose a theory of immediate inferences from assertions containing a single quantifier, such as: All of the artists are bakers; therefore, some of the bakers are artists. The theory is based on mental models and is implemented in a computer program, mReasoner. It predicts three main levels of increasing difficulty: (a) immediate inferences in which the premise and conclusion have identical meanings; (b) those in which the initial mental model of the premise yields the correct conclusion; and (c) those in which only an alternative to the initial model establishes the correct conclusion. These levels of difficulty were corroborated for inferences to necessary conclusions (in a reanalysis of data from Newstead, S. E., & Griggs, R. A. (1983). Drawing inferences from quantified statements: A study of the square of opposition. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 535-546), for inferences to modal conclusions, such as, it is possible that all of the bakers are artists (Experiment 1), for inferences with unorthodox quantifiers, such as, most of the artists (Experiment 2), and for inferences about the consistency of pairs of quantified assertions (Experiment 3). The theory also includes three parameters in a stochastic system that predicted quantitative differences in accuracy within the three main sorts of inference. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet; Trafton, J. Gregory] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lotstein, Max] Univ Freiburg, Ctr Cognit Sci, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Khemlani, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship; National Science Foundation [SES 0844851] FX This research was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship to the first author; and by the National Science Foundation [grant number SES 0844851] to the fourth author to study deductive and probabilistic reasoning. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1747-0218 EI 1747-0226 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. PD OCT 3 PY 2015 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2073 EP 2096 DI 10.1080/17470218.2015.1007151 PG 24 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA CQ0OF UT WOS:000360295200009 PM 25607245 ER PT J AU Miller, M AF Miller, Melinda TI Dawes Cards and Indian Census Data SO HISTORICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE census linking; Dawes; Indian territory AB After the passage of the Curtis Act in 1898, a Federal government commission was sent to Indian Territory to compile a descriptive list of citizens of the Five Civilized Tribes. The commissioners personally interviewed every tribal applicant. Key pieces of information, such as name, age, sex, tribal enrollment, and lineage, were recorded on cards. These interviews and cards provide an incredible level of detail about life among the Five Tribes at the turn of the century. The author describes the enrollment process in order to introduce social scientists to this unique resource. To demonstrate how the cards can be a valuable resource, she discusses a census sample that links Cherokee freedmen families across 40 years and three censuses. She then uses this data to analyze the consistency of the Dawes enrollment process. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 5 Pk Pl, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM mmiller@usna.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0161-5440 EI 1940-1906 J9 HIST METHOD JI Hist. Methods PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 214 EP 229 DI 10.1080/01615440.2015.1013656 PG 16 WC History SC History GA CT5WH UT WOS:000362881300003 ER PT J AU Anzai, S AF Anzai, Shinobu TI Re-examining patriotism in Japanese education: analysis of Japanese elementary school moral readers SO EDUCATIONAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Japan; moral education; elementary school AB In 1947 the Fundamental Law of Education (FLE) defined the pacifist principles for post-war Japanese education and was revised in 2006 for the first time in nearly 60years. The revised FLE stipulates the importance of teaching love for country and region and Japanese culture and traditions with special emphasis on moral education. Today, this moral education is regarded as an essential program for promoting patriotism among children in line with the revised FLE. Critics, however, fear that the revision is a revival of pre-war patriotism and a rightward shift in Japan's education. Their fear resurfaced more recently when Shinzo Abe, who carried out the revision of FLE during his first term as prime minister, was elected to his second term in December 2012. As Abe emphasized the importance of teaching patriotism in schools, the international media came to report that Japan's education was taking a turn to the right under his administration. While critics expressed their concern that Japan's education was becoming too patriotic, there was a lack of empirical inquiry into the issue of whether patriotic education had materialized in the classrooms. This study examined this issue by analyzing the content of moral readers currently used throughout Japan. The findings suggest that, contrary to the critics, the content of these readers does not emphasize patriotism. Instead, the readers seek to promote basic moral values such as faithfulness and friendship and sympathy and kindness. The findings are discussed with reference to social and educational contexts in Japan. C1 US Naval Acad, Languages & Cultures Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Anzai, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Languages & Cultures Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM anzai@usna.edu NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0013-1911 EI 1465-3397 J9 EDUC REV JI Educ. Rev. PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 67 IS 4 BP 436 EP 458 DI 10.1080/00131911.2014.975783 PG 23 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA CQ4YO UT WOS:000360610700003 ER PT J AU Sonchack, J Aviv, AJ Smith, JM AF Sonchack, John Aviv, Adam J. Smith, Jonathan M. TI Cross-domain collaboration for improved IDS rule set selection SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Network security; Intrusion detection; Security collaboration; IDS; Rule set ID INTRUSION DETECTION; SIGNATURES; SYSTEMS; FUSION AB Managing an intrusion detection system (IDS) requires careful consideration of the IDS rule set used to match malicious traffic. Network operators face a tradeoff when selecting rules: a rule set that is too conservative (too few rules) could lead to network intrusion and attacks from unforeseen risks, while a rule set that is too broad (too many rules) runs the risk of increasing false alerts and diminishing network throughput. The ultimate goal is to deploy rules that are conservative but proactive, and optimizing and testing such a rule set can be time consuming and limited when considering only locally observed network traffic. We argue that automated techniques to compare feedback from multiple collaborating sources, such as collaborative filtering between networks, can improve local rule sets. Our system, ROCK (Rule set Optimization via Collaborative Knowledge), recommends network-specific, locally untested rules to network operators based on correlations between their feedback and previously submitted feedback from other operators. We evaluated ROCK in two experimental deployments to detect shellcode and in simulation to measure the effect of broad collaboration. Network operators benefitted even if they provided feedback ratings for as few as 5 rules and deployed only the top 5 rules that ROCK recommended for their network; shellcode detection rates increase by up to 150% over a local baseline with little to no impact on false alerts. Our simulation analysis suggests that ROCK's recommendation quality increases rapidly with the number of user networks and can leverage varied degrees of similarity across networks. Our results demonstrate how security through collaboration can benefit local networks and provide proactive security in an automated way. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sonchack, John; Smith, Jonathan M.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Aviv, Adam J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd,Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Aviv, AJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd,Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jsonch@cis.upenn.edu; aviv@usna.edu; jms@cis.upenn.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2214-2126 EI 2214-2134 J9 J INF SECUR APPL JI J. Inf. Secur. Appl. PD OCT-DEC PY 2015 VL 24-25 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jisa.2015.10.001 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA DL7TS UT WOS:000375843600003 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF Kassim, NE Teare, SW AF Helmboldt, J. F. Kassim, N. E. Teare, S. W. TI Observations of the ionospheric impact of M-class solar flares on local and hemispheric scales SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VLA RADIO INTERFEROMETER; DISTURBANCES; RADAR; ARRAY AB The ionospheric impact of a series of M-class solar flares that occurred on 12 March 2015 is described. A combination of data sets from GPS receivers and two different colocated radio telescopes, the very large array (VLA) and the long wavelength array (LWA), was used to detect and characterize flare-induced irregularities. The data demonstrate that each flare causes a rapid step-like increase in total electron content (TEC) of about 0.2 total electron content units (TECU), 1 TECU = 1016 el m(-2). The rise times of these steps are on the order of 1-3 min. The GPS data show signs of traveling ionospheric disturbances likely associated with gravity waves whose magnitudes were temporarily enhanced by the impact of two of the flares. Increased activity within the horizontal TEC gradients observed with the VLA was apparent for several minutes following the flare X-ray peak. The properties of these VLA-detected disturbances are strongly indicative of field-aligned irregularities within the plasmasphere. They initially form at two altitudes, approximately 2600 and 5600 km. Those that form higher quickly disappear, whereas those that form lower appear to descend over a period of similar to 7 min to an altitude of roughly 1450 km before disappearing. LWA observations of ionospheric reflections of the HF radio station WWV show a significant and brief (similar to few minutes) Doppler frequency disturbance near the onset of TEC enhancement, followed by a similar to 5 min drop in received power, indicating increased ionization in the D region. C1 [Helmboldt, J. F.; Kassim, N. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Teare, S. W.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM USA. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM Joe.Helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2333-5084 J9 Earth Space Sci JI Earth Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 BP 387 EP 402 DI 10.1002/2015EA000116 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DE6NN UT WOS:000370750700001 ER PT J AU Madison, RD AF Madison, R. D. TI Melville as Poet: The Art of "Pulsed Life" SO LEVIATHAN-A JOURNAL OF MELVILLE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Madison, R. D.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Madison, RD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1525-6995 EI 1750-1849 J9 LEVIATHAN-J MELVILLE JI Leviathan PD OCT PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 SI SI BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1353/lvn.2015.0039 PG 5 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA DD4LC UT WOS:000369893400007 ER EF