FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Curtis, SM Major, JW Nin, DA Bhattacharjee, AK Nichols, DA Gerena, L AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Curtis, Sean M. Major, Joshua W. Nin, Daniel A. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Nichols, Daniel A. Gerena, Lucia TI Synthesis of Dichlorophenyl-, Cyanophenyl- and Quinolinyl-Substituted alpha-Ethoxyacetic Acids and Derivatives, via alpha-Hydroxyarylacetic Acids SO LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2-Ethoxyacetamide; 2-ethoxyphenylacetamide; ethylation; phenylacetic acid AB A synthetic approach to novel series of alpha-ethoxy-alpha-phenylacetamides and alpha-ethoxy-alpha-quinolinylacetamides was developed. Aryl aldehydes were converted to cyanohydrins, which were then hydrolyzed or alcoholyzed. Following ethylation of the alpha-hydroxy group, peptide-coupling protocols were used to produce the target amides. These amides, together with the alpha-ethoxy intermediates, have significant potential for a broad range of application including as antimalarial, fungicidal, bactericidal, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic and sleep-promoting agents. C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Curtis, Sean M.; Major, Joshua W.; Nin, Daniel A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.; Nichols, Daniel A.; Gerena, Lucia] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,Mailstop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu FU Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research; United States Naval Academy FX The authors are grateful for support of this work by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, the Research Corporation (for a Cottrell College Science Award to C.G.) the Office of Naval Research and the United States Naval Academy (including Naval Academy Research Committee support). Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official, or reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1786 EI 1875-6255 J9 LETT ORG CHEM JI Lett. Org. Chem. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 6 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CM4YF UT WOS:000357691900006 ER PT S AU Cochenour, BM Laux, AE AF Cochenour, Brandon M. Laux, Alan E. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Experimental validation of a Monte Carlo model for determining the temporal response of the underwater optical communications channel SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Underwater; laser communications; scattering; dispersion; Monte Carlo ID SCATTERING ALBEDO; MODULATED LIGHT; PROPAGATION; WATER AB Recent interest in high speed laser communications underwater has restimulated theoretical studies in laser propagation in turbid media. In particular, the characterization of temporal dispersion is of paramount importance in order to predict the bandwidth and capacity of underwater optical channels. While the temporal aspects of underwater laser propagation have received attention from the modeling community in the past, few if any of these models have been validated with experimental data. However recent advances in hardware technology now enable experimental characterization at high speeds (GHz). Such measurements have been made by the authors.1 In this work, we develop a Monte Carlo model, and present initial results validated against the aforementioned experimental data. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon M.; Laux, Alan E.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Cochenour, BM (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590A DI 10.1117/12.2177840 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400002 ER PT S AU Illig, DW Laux, A Lee, RW Jemison, WD Mullen, LJ AF Illig, David W. Laux, Alan Lee, Robert W. Jemison, William D. Mullen, Linda J. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI FMCW optical ranging technique in turbid waters SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LIDAR; FMCW; underwater; optical; laser; modulation; ranging; scattering ID UNDERWATER TARGET; LIDAR AB The performance of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) hybrid lidar-radar system will be presented in the context of an underwater optical ranging application. In adapting this technique from the radar community, a laser is intensity-modulated with a linear frequency ramp. A custom wideband laser source modulated by a new wideband digital synthesizer board is used to transmit an 800 MHz wide chirp into the underwater channel. The transmitted signal is mixed with a reference copy to obtain a "beat" signal representing the distance to the desired object. The expected form of the return signal is derived for turbid waters, a highly scattering environment, indicating that FMCW can detect both the desired object and the volumetric center of the backscatter "clutter" signal. This result is verified using both laboratory experiments and a realistic simulation model of the underwater optical channel. Ranging performance is explored as a function of both object position and water turbidity. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement and performance out to ten attenuation lengths is reported, equivalent to 100 meters in open ocean or 5 meters in a turbid harbor condition. C1 [Illig, David W.; Jemison, William D.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Laux, Alan; Lee, Robert W.; Mullen, Linda J.] NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Illig, DW (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM illigdw@clarkson.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590B DI 10.1117/12.2177051 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400003 ER PT S AU Liu, GG Han, M Hou, WL Matt, S Goode, W AF Liu, Guigen Han, Ming Hou, Weilin Matt, Silvia Goode, Wesley BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI A miniature fiber-optic sensor for high-resolution and high-speed temperature sensing in ocean environment SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fiber-optic sensors; Fabry-Perot interferometer; thermometer; high-speed detection ID TURBULENCE AB Temperature measurement is one of the key quantifies in ocean research. Temperature variations on small and large scales are key to air-sea interactions and climate change, and also regulate circulation patterns, and heat exchange. The influence from rapid temperature changes within microstructures are can have strong impacts to optical and acoustical sensor performance. In this paper, we present an optical fiber sensor for the high-resolution and high-speed temperature profiling. The developed sensor consists of a thin piece of silicon wafer which forms a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) on the end of fiber. Due to the unique properties of silicon, such as large thermal diffusivity, notable thermo-optic effects and thermal expansion coefficients of silicon, the proposed sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and fast response to temperature variation. The small mass of the tiny probe also contributes to a fast response due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. The high reflective index at infrared wavelength range and surface flatness of silicon endow the FPI a spectrum with high visibilities, leading to a superior temperature resolution along with a new data processing method developed by us. Experimental results indicate that the fiber-optic temperature sensor can achieve a temperature resolution better than 0.001 degrees C with a sampling frequency as high as 2 kHz. In addition, the miniature footprint of the senor provide high spatial resolutions. Using this high performance thermometer, excellent characterization of the real-time temperature profile within the flow of water turbulence has been realized. C1 [Liu, Guigen; Han, Ming] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hou, Weilin; Matt, Silvia; Goode, Wesley] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Han, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM mhan3@unl.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590I DI 10.1117/12.2180168 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400010 ER PT S AU Matt, S Hou, WL Goode, W Liu, GG Han, M Kanaev, A Restaino, S AF Matt, Silvia Hou, Weilin Goode, Wesley Liu, Guigen Han, Ming Kanaev, Andrey Restaino, Sergio BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI A controlled laboratory environment to study EO signal degradation due to underwater turbulence SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical turbulence; turbulence measurements; Rayleigh-Benard tank; numerical simulation; temperature measurements; computational fluid dynamics; oceanic optics AB Temperature microstructure in the ocean can lead to localized changes in the index of refraction and can distort underwater electro-optical (EO) signal transmission. A similar phenomenon is well-known from atmospheric optics and generally referred to as "optical turbulence". Though turbulent fluctuations in the ocean distort EO signal transmission and can impact various underwater applications, from diver visibility to active and passive remote sensing, there have been few studies investigating the subject. To provide a test bed for the study of impacts from turbulent flows on underwater EO signal transmission, and to examine and mitigate turbulence effects, we set up a laboratory turbulence environment allowing the variation of turbulence intensity. Convective turbulence is generated in a large Rayleigh-Benard tank and the turbulent flow is quantified using high-resolution Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter profilers and fast thermistor probes. The turbulence measurements are complemented by computational fluid dynamics simulations of convective turbulence emulating the tank environment. These numerical simulations supplement the sparse laboratory measurements. The numerical data compared well to the laboratory data and both conformed to the Kolmogorov spectrum of turbulence and the Batchelor spectrum of temperature fluctuations. The controlled turbulence environment can be used to assess optical image degradation in the tank in relation to turbulence intensity, as well as to apply adaptive optics techniques. This innovative approach that combines optical techniques, turbulence measurements and numerical simulations can help understand how to mitigate the effects of turbulence impacts on underwater optical signal transmission, as well as advance optical techniques to probe oceanic processes. C1 [Matt, Silvia; Hou, Weilin; Goode, Wesley] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39426 USA. [Liu, Guigen; Han, Ming] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Kanaev, Andrey; Restaino, Sergio] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matt, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39426 USA. EM silvia.matt@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590H DI 10.1117/12.2177028 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400009 ER PT S AU Ouyang, B Hou, WL Caimi, FM Dalgleish, FR Vuorenkoski, AK Gong, S AF Ouyang, Bing Hou, Weilin Caimi, Frank M. Dalgleish, Fraser R. Vuorenkoski, Anni K. Gong, Sue BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Distributed Compressive Sensing vs. Dynamic Compressive Sensing: Improving the Compressive Line Sensing Imaging System through Their Integration SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB In recent years, a compressive sensing based underwater imaging system has been under investigation: the Compressive Line Sensing (CLS) imaging system. In the CLS system, each line segment is sensed independently; with regard to signal reconstruction, the correlation among the adjacent lines is exploited via the joint sparsity in the distributed compressive sensing model. Interestingly, the dynamic compressive sensing signal model is also capable of exploiting the correlated nature of the adjacent lines through a Bayesian framework. This paper proposes a new CLS reconstruction technique through the integration of these different models, and includes an evaluation of the proposed technique using the experiment dataset obtained from an underwater imaging test setup. C1 [Ouyang, Bing; Caimi, Frank M.; Dalgleish, Fraser R.; Vuorenkoski, Anni K.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hou, Weilin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39556 USA. [Gong, Sue] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Ouyang, B (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM bouyang@hboi.fau.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590D DI 10.1117/12.2180130 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400005 ER PT S AU Shulman, I Penta, B Richman, J Jacobs, G Anderson, S Sakalaukus, P AF Shulman, Igor Penta, Bradley Richman, James Jacobs, Gregg Anderson, Stephanie Sakalaukus, Peter BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI ARE THE SATELLITE-OBSERVED NARROW, STREAKY CHLOROPHYLL FILAMENTS LOCALLY INTENSIFIED BY THE SUBMESOSCALE PROCESSES? SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Coastal Processes; Submesoscale Processes; Phytoplankton Filaments; Interdisciplinary Oceanography ID MONTEREY BAY; WINDS AB Based on observations and modeling studies we have evaluated the impact of submesoscale processes on the development and intensification of offshore narrow (5-10km wide) phytoplankton filaments during summer time in the Monterey Bay, CA. We have demonstrated that, submesoscale processes (surface frontogenesis and nonlinear Ekman transport) lead to the development of very productive phytoplankton patches along the edges between the cold jet and warm anticyclonic eddy. Our results illustrate that during persistent upwelling favorable winds, submesoscale processes can modulate the development and intensification of offshore narrow (5-10km wide) phytoplankton filaments. These processes can incubate the phytoplankton population offshore (as for example, bioluminescent dinoflagellates during August 2003). These offshore phytoplankton filaments can migrate onshore during relaxed winds following the upwelling, and be an additional source of phytoplankton bloom development in and around Monterey Bay. Therefore, the discussed offshore phytoplankton filaments may be a factor in the Bay ecosystem health, as for example, in the development of such events as harmful algae blooms (HABs). All these emphasize the importance of further observational and modeling studies of these submesoscale processes which impact the development and intensification of offshore phytoplankton filaments. C1 [Shulman, Igor; Penta, Bradley; Richman, James; Jacobs, Gregg; Anderson, Stephanie; Sakalaukus, Peter] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590K DI 10.1117/12.2177569 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400012 ER PT S AU Smedstad, LF Barron, CN Bourg, RN Brooking, MW Bryant, DA Carr, RJ Heaney, KD Holmberg, EA Mask, AC Mensi, BL AF Smedstad, Lucy F. Barron, Charlie N. Bourg, Rachel N. Brooking, Michael W. Bryant, Danielle A. Carr, Robert J. Heaney, Kevin D. Holmberg, Edward A. Mask, Andrea C. Mensi, Bryan L. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI An expansion of Glider Observation Strategies to systematically transmit and analyze preferred waypoints of underwater gliders SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE operational ocean modeling; gliders; autonomous platforms AB The Glider Observation STrategies (GOST) system provides real-time assistance to ocean glider pilots by suggesting preferred ocean glider waypoints based on ocean forecasts and their uncertainties. Restrictions on waterspace, preferred operational areas, and other glider trajectories are also taken into account. Using existing operational regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model (RNCOM) output, demonstrations of glider waypoint calculation are ongoing in Navy operational areas. After the ocean forecast models and GOST components run at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (Navy DSRC), GOST-suggested glider paths are transferred to the Glider Operations Center (GOC). The glider pilots at the GOC import this information into their Unmanned Systems Interface (USI), developed at the University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL-UW) to evaluate the suggested glider paths, make adjustments, and update waypoints for the gliders. The waypoints being sent are visualized and analyzed using graphic capabilities to convey guidance uncertainty developed under a grant to the University of New Orleans (UNO) and added under the Environmental Measurements Path Planner (EMPath) system within GOST. USI forwards automatic messages from the gliders with recent glider location, speed, and depth to GOST for the next cycle. Over the course of these demonstrations, capabilities were added or modified including use of initial glider bearing, preferred path, refinement of glider turn frequency, correction of glider speed, and introduction of glider rendezvous locations. Automation has been added with help from the modeling group at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). GOST supports NAVOCEANO's ongoing efforts to direct and recover gliders, to safely navigate in changing ocean conditions, and to provide feedback to improve ocean model prediction. C1 [Smedstad, Lucy F.; Barron, Charlie N.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bourg, Rachel N.; Brooking, Michael W.; Bryant, Danielle A.; Mask, Andrea C.; Mensi, Bryan L.] Naval Oceanog Off NAVOCEANO, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Carr, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Heaney, Kevin D.] Ocean Acoust Serv & Instrumentat Syst Inc OASIS, Lexington, MA USA. [Holmberg, Edward A.] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Smedstad, LF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR UNSP 94590J DI 10.1117/12.2176560 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400011 ER PT J AU Rockafellar, RT Royset, JO AF Rockafellar, R. Tyrrell Royset, Johannes O. TI MEASURES OF RESIDUAL RISK WITH CONNECTIONS TO REGRESSION, RISK TRACKING, SURROGATE MODELS, AND AMBIGUITY SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE risk measures; residual risk; generalized regression; surrogate estimation; optimization under stochastic ambiguity ID CONDITIONAL EXPECTED SHORTFALL; VALUE-AT-RISK; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION; PROGRAMS AB Measures of residual risk are developed as an extension of measures of risk. They view a random variable of interest in concert with an auxiliary random vector that helps to manage, predict, and mitigate the risk in the original variable. Residual risk can be exemplified as a quantification of the improved situation faced by a hedging investor compared to that of a single-asset investor, but the notion reaches further, with deep connections emerging with forecasting and generalized regression. We establish the fundamental properties in this framework and show that measures of residual risk along with generalized regression can play central roles in the development of risk-tuned approximations of random variables, in tracking of statistics, and in estimation of the risk of conditional random variables. The paper ends with dual expressions for measures of residual risk which lead to further insights and a new class of distributionally robust optimization models. C1 [Rockafellar, R. Tyrrell] Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rockafellar, RT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rtr@uw.edu; joroyset@nps.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0206, F1ATAO1194GOO1, F4FGA04094G003]; DARPA [HR0011412251] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under FA9550-11-1-0206, F1ATAO1194GOO1, and F4FGA04094G003 as well as DARPA under HR0011412251. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 EI 1095-7189 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2015 VL 25 IS 2 BP 1179 EP 1208 DI 10.1137/151003271 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CM0YR UT WOS:000357406900018 ER PT S AU Costa, R Wettergren, TA AF Costa, Russell Wettergren, Thomas A. BE Kadar, I TI Computationally efficient angles-only tracking with particle flow filters SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR/INFORMATION FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor/Information Fusion, and Target Recognition XXIV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Particle filters represent the current state of the art in nonlinear, non-Gaussian filtering. They are easy to implement and have been applied in numerous domains. That being said, particle filters can be impractical for problems with state dimensions greater than four, if some other problem specific efficiencies can't be identified. This "curse of dimensionality" makes particle filters a computationally burdensome approach, and the associated re-sampling makes parallel processing difficult. In the past several years an alternative to particle filters dubbed particle flows has emerged as a (potentially) much more efficient method to solving non-linear, non-Gaussian problems. Particle flow filtering (unlike particle filtering) is a deterministic approach, however, its implementation entails solving an under-determined system of partial differential equations which has infinitely many potential solutions. In this work we apply the filters to angles-only target motion analysis problems in order to quantify the (if any) computational gains over standard particle filtering approaches. In particular we focus on the simplest form of particle flow filter, known as the exact particle flow filter. This form assumes a Gaussian prior and likelihood function of the unknown target states and is then linearized as is standard practice for extended Kalman filters. We implement both particle filters and particle flows and perform numerous numerical experiments for comparison. C1 [Costa, Russell; Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Costa, R (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Russell.costa@navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-590-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9474 AR 947404 DI 10.1117/12.2177143 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AD UT WOS:000357014700012 ER PT S AU Huang, L Lambrakos, SG Shabaev, A Massa, L AF Huang, L. Lambrakos, S. G. Shabaev, A. Massa, L. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Calculation of Electronic-Excited-State Absorption Spectra of Water Clusters Using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE excited states; UV-visible spectra ID SIMPLE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; LIQUID WATER; GLOBAL MINIMA; AB-INITIO; (H2O)(N); N-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-21; REPRODUCTION AB Calculations are presented of electronic-excited-state absorption spectra for molecular clusters of H2O using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Calculation of excited state resonance structure using TD-DFT can provide interpretation of absorption spectra with respect to molecular structure for excitation by electromagnetic waves at frequencies within the UV-visible range. The absorption spectrum corresponding to electronic excitation states of a molecular cluster consisting of a relatively small number of water molecules should be associated with response features that are intermediate between that of isolated molecules and that of a bulk lattice. TD-DFT calculated absorption spectra represent quantitative estimates that can be correlated with additional information obtained from laboratory measurements and other types of theory based calculations. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of electronic excitation states presented here. C1 [Huang, L.; Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Massa, L.] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 94720B DI 10.1117/12.2176435 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800010 ER PT S AU Kruse, FA McDowell, M AF Kruse, Fred A. McDowell, Meryl BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Analysis of multispectral and hyperspectral longwave infrared (LWIR) data for geologic mapping SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER); Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES); Multispectral Imaging (MSI); Imaging Spectrometry; Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI); Longwave Infrared (LWIR); Spectral Geology; Mountain Pass California remote sensing ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; AIRBORNE; CALIFORNIA; SCANNER; NEVADA; IMAGES; TEMPERATURE; MOUNTAINS; SYSTEMS AB Multispectral MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) data and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) data covering the 8 - 12 mu m spectral range (longwave infrared or LWIR) were analyzed for an area near Mountain Pass, California. Decorrelation stretched images were initially used to highlight spectral differences between geologic materials. Both datasets were atmospherically corrected using the ISAC method, and the Normalized Emissivity approach was used to separate temperature and emissivity. The MASTER data had 10 LWIR spectral bands and approximately 35-meter spatial resolution and covered a larger area than the HyTES data, which were collected with 256 narrow (approximately 17nm-wide) spectral bands at approximately 2.3-meter spatial resolution. Spectra for key spatially-coherent, spectrally-determined geologic units for overlap areas were overlain and visually compared to determine similarities and differences. Endmember spectra were extracted from both datasets using n-dimensional scatterplotting and compared to emissivity spectral libraries for identification. Endmember distributions and abundances were then mapped using Mixture-Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF), a partial unmixing approach. Multispectral results demonstrate separation of silica-rich vs non-silicate materials, with distinct mapping of carbonate areas and general correspondence to the regional geology. Hyperspectral results illustrate refined mapping of silicates with distinction between similar units based on the position, character, and shape of high resolution emission minima near 9 mu m. Calcite and dolomite were separated, identified, and mapped using HyTES based on a shift of the main carbonate emissivity minimum from approximately 11.3 to 11.2 mu m respectively. Both datasets demonstrate the utility of LWIR spectral remote sensing for geologic mapping. C1 [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [McDowell, Meryl] Scitor Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 94721E DI 10.1117/12.2176657 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800043 ER PT S AU Lambrakos, SG Yapijakis, C Aiken, D Shabaev, A Ramsey, S Peak, J AF Lambrakos, S. G. Yapijakis, C. Aiken, D. Shabaev, A. Ramsey, S. Peak, J. BE VelezReyes, M Kruse, FA TI Spectral Analysis of Water Samples Using Modulated Resonance For Monitoring of Public Water Resources SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE water monitoring; spectral analysis; contaminants AB Hyperspectral analysis of water samples taken from public water resources in the New York City metro area has demonstrated the potential application of this type of analysis for water monitoring, treatment and evaluation prior to filtration. Hyperspectral monitoring of contaminants with respect to types and relative concentrations requires tracking statistical profiles of water contaminants in terms of spatial-temporal distributions of electromagnetic absorption spectra ranging from the ultraviolet to infrared, which are associated with specific water resources. To achieve this, it is necessary to establish correlation between hyperspectral signatures and types of contaminants to be found within specific water resources. Correlation between absorption spectra and changes in chemical and physical characteristics of contaminants requires sufficient sensitivity. The present study examines the sensitivity of modulated resonance features with respect to characteristics of water contaminants for hyperspectral analysis of water samples. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yapijakis, C.] Naval Res Lab, Signature Technol Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aiken, D.; Ramsey, S.; Peak, J.] Cooper Union Adv Sci & Art, Albert Nerkin Sch Engn, New York, NY USA. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-588-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9472 AR 947216 DI 10.1117/12.2177969 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0DU UT WOS:000357086800036 ER PT S AU Chen, YH Helle, MH Ting, A Gordon, DF Polyanskiy, MN Pogorelsky, I Babzien, M Najmudin, Z AF Chen, Y. -H. Helle, M. H. Ting, A. Gordon, D. F. Polyanskiy, M. N. Pogorelsky, I. Babzien, M. Najmudin, Z. BE Ledingham, KWD Esarey, E Spohr, K Schroeder, CB McKenna, P Gruner, FJ Bolton, PR TI Observation of monoenergetic protons from a near-critical gas target tailored by a hydrodynamic shock SO LASER ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND IONS III; AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER-GENERATED BEAMS OF PARTICLES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Acceleration of Electrons, Protons, and Ions III and Medical Applications of Laser-Generated Beams of Particles III CY APR 13-15, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE laser acceleration of protons; ion acceleration; shock wave acceleration; laser hole boring; CO2 lasers; near-critical plasmas ID ION-ACCELERATION; BEAMS AB We present our recent experimental results of monoenergetic protons accelerated from the interaction of an intense terawatt CO2 laser pulse with a near-critical hydrogen gas target, with its density profile tailored by a hydrodynamic shock. A 5-ns Nd: YAG laser pulse is focused onto a piece of stainless steel foil mounted at the front edge of the gas jet nozzle orifice. The ablation launches a spherical shock into the near-critical gas column, which creates a sharp density gradient at the front edge of the target, with similar to 6X local density enhancement up to several times of critical density within similar to< 100 microns. With such density profile, we have obtained monoenergetic proton beams with good shot-to-shot reproducibility and energies up to 1.2 MeV. C1 [Chen, Y. -H.; Helle, M. H.; Ting, A.; Gordon, D. F.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Polyanskiy, M. N.; Pogorelsky, I.; Babzien, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Najmudin, Z.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yu-hsin.chen.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Yu-hsin/I-3400-2012; Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010 OI Chen, Yu-hsin/0000-0002-9603-7371; NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-635-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9514 AR 95140C DI 10.1117/12.2182094 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AK UT WOS:000357019800005 ER PT S AU Helle, MH Gordon, DF Kaganovich, D Chen, YH Ting, A AF Helle, M. H. Gordon, D. F. Kaganovich, D. Chen, Y. -H. Ting, A. BE Ledingham, KWD Esarey, E Spohr, K Schroeder, CB McKenna, P Gruner, FJ Bolton, PR TI Laser Accelerated Ions from Near Critical Gaseous Targets SO LASER ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS, PROTONS, AND IONS III; AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER-GENERATED BEAMS OF PARTICLES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Acceleration of Electrons, Protons, and Ions III and Medical Applications of Laser-Generated Beams of Particles III CY APR 13-15, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE ions; protons; plasma; laser acceleration; high-intensity lasers; magnetic vortex acceleration ID PLASMA; BEAMS AB An intense laser pulse propagating through a near-critical density plasma is capable of generating a high peak current electron beam (similar to 100kA) by means of a laser wakefield operating in the bubble regime. This beam drives surface currents on the sheath of the cavitation that produces large azithumal magnetic fields (similar to 100 MG) and induces an on-axis electron current. These effects lead to a Z-pinch of the ambient plasma ions. Eventually the field confining the pinch relaxes and the ions explode radially due to self-repulsive forces. If this process occurs at a sharp exit gradient, the ions acquire some forward momentum consistent with the magnetic vortex acceleration mechanism. Fully 3D simulations indicate that the highest energy ions are emitted conically with a secondary lower energy ion beam accelerated on the axis. C1 [Helle, M. H.; Gordon, D. F.; Kaganovich, D.; Ting, A.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chen, Y. -H.] Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Helle, MH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.helle@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Yu-hsin/I-3400-2012; OI Chen, Yu-hsin/0000-0002-9603-7371; Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-635-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9514 AR 951409 DI 10.1117/12.2178878 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AK UT WOS:000357019800003 ER PT S AU Aiken, DC Ramsey, S Mayo, T Bellemare, J Lambrakos, SG Peak, J AF Aiken, Daniel C. Ramsey, Scott Mayo, Troy Bellemare, James Lambrakos, Samuel G. Peak, Joseph BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA Bannon, DP TI Inverse Analysis of Triarylamine-Dye Transmission Spectra SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Inverse analysis; Kramers-Kronig Relations; Lorentz Oscillator; permittivity; dielectric response; transmissivity; least-squares; constraint conditions AB Inverse analysis of transmission spectra for triarylamine dye in acetone is presented. This analysis employs a parametric model of transmission through a sample of finite thickness, where the permittivity function is represented parametrically by a linear combination of Lorentz oscillator models. The results of this analysis provide estimates of the permittivity function for triarylamine dye, which can be adopted as input data to other types of models, such as those for prediction of transmission and reflectivity spectra for composites containing mixtures of dyes and other materials. In addition, the results of this analysis should contribute to a data base of estimated permittivity functions for practical analysis of spectra. C1 [Aiken, Daniel C.; Ramsey, Scott; Mayo, Troy; Bellemare, James; Peak, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Signature Technol Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambrakos, Samuel G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aiken, DC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Signature Technol Off, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-598-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9482 AR 948217 DI 10.1117/12.2087061 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BD0AF UT WOS:000357016100034 ER PT S AU Major, KJ Poutous, MK Dunnill, KF Ewing, KJ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Major, Kevin J. Poutous, Menelaos K. Dunnill, Kevin F. Ewing, Kenneth J. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA Bannon, DP TI Filter selection criteria for the discrimination of strongly overlapping chemical spectra SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE FTIR; chemical sensing; broad-band filtered detection; overlapping signal separation; comparative discrimination spectral detection. ID KROMOSCOPY AB Increasing the selectivity of sensors, while at the same time reducing their complexity, size and cost, are challenges to the sensing community. To this end, an area of exploration has been the development of filter-based chemical sensors. We have recently introduced an approach that utilizes multiple, broadband, infrared (IR) filters to enable discrimination of target chemicals, in the presence of potential interferents that have IR spectral signatures in a limited waveband. Our analysis technique, comparative discrimination spectral detection (CDSD), utilizes a set of broad IR transmission filters, to discriminate between a specific target chemical and multiple interferents with strongly overlapping IR spectra. We have demonstrated the ability of this technique to correctly distinguish between chemicals in the carbon - hydrogen stretch region of the IR absorption spectrum (2700 - 3300 cm(-1); 3.0 - 3.7 mu m). We present a numerical study exploring the choices of desired optical filter sets, and the resulting overall discrimination by these filter sets. Filter parameter choices, such as the peak transmission position and bandwidth, are fundamental in filter-based chemical sensing discrimination systems. In this paper, we describe a systematic numerical approach used to explore how optical filter properties, and filter overlap affect corresponding discrimination results. We describe the interaction between the overlapping spectra and various filter sets on both target and interferent chemicals. We discuss which filter parameters provide optimum selectivity for specific target chemicals and how this information can be utilized to select filters for future direct-filter sensors based on this methodology. C1 [Major, Kevin J.; Poutous, Menelaos K.; Dunnill, Kevin F.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Ewing, Kenneth J.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Major, KJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-598-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9482 AR 948213 DI 10.1117/12.2176623 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BD0AF UT WOS:000357016100030 ER PT S AU Cambrea, LR Harris, DC Salem, JA AF Cambrea, Lee R. Harris, Daniel C. Salem, Jonathan A. BE Zelinski, BJ TI Weibull analysis and window lifetime prediction: a tutorial SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Weibull analysis; slow crack growth; proof testing; window design; window lifetime; transparent ceramics ID CRACK AB Mechanical strength measurements of transparent ceramic window material coupons are customarily fit to a Weibull equation that describes the strength and its distribution. Predictions of window lifetime under stress are commonly based on slow crack growth parameters obtained by measuring the mechanical strength of coupons over a range of constant stress rates. This tutorial paper describes how to derive Weibull and slow crack growth parameters from strength measurements and how to use those parameters to predict window lifetime under stress. Proof testing is employed to ensure that a window begins its life with a known, minimum strength. C1 [Cambrea, Lee R.; Harris, Daniel C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Cambrea, LR (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 94530A DI 10.1117/12.2087410 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200007 ER PT S AU Kim, W Baker, C Villalobos, G Bayya, S Hunt, M Sadowski, B Aggarwal, I Sanghera, J AF Kim, Woohong Baker, Colin Villalobos, Guillermo Bayya, Shyam Hunt, Michael Sadowski, Bryan Aggarwal, Ishwar Sanghera, Jas BE Zelinski, BJ TI Low Loss Spinel Windows for High Energy Lasers SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Spinel; Transparent ceramics; Laser ceramics ID POWDERS AB Ideal exit aperture windows for high-energy laser (HEL) should possess low absorption and scattering losses and be environmentally rugged and strong in order to protect the laser gain medium without compromising the light propagating through the window. Spinel is an ideal candidate for this application due to its high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and excellent optical transmission between 0.2 similar to 5 mu m. However, spinel ceramics fabricated with commercial powders often show inhomogeneity and suffer from absorption and scattering caused by various types of intrinsic and extrinsic impurities present in the powders. Here, we report on a convenient and economical powder purification method to significantly lower the absorption loss of transparent spinel ceramics using commercial powders. Acid washing was successfully used to reduce absorption loss in spinel ceramic fabricated using commercial powder from > 20,000 ppm/cm down to 75 ppm/cm. C1 [Kim, Woohong; Baker, Colin; Villalobos, Guillermo; Bayya, Shyam; Sanghera, Jas] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 945303 DI 10.1117/12.2176378 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200002 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Rock, B Villalobos, G Kim, W Hunt, M Sadowski, B Bayya, S Aggarwal, I Imam, MA AF Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Rock, Ben Villalobos, Guillermo Kim, Woohong Hunt, Michael Sadowski, Bryan Bayya, Shyam Aggarwal, Ishwar Imam, M. Ashraf BE Zelinski, BJ TI Highly Transparent Spinel Windows by Microwave Sintering SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Spinel ceramic; microwave sintering; transparent AB Spinel ceramic exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties, but its widespread use in high volume applications has been limited primarily due to the high cost associated with hot pressing and finishing. While, we have previously demonstrated techniques to reduce finishing costs, in this paper we report on the use of microwave sintering to make spinel ceramic at significantly lower cost than traditional hot pressing. We also identify preferred grain growth as well as an intra-granular fracture mode. C1 [Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Rock, Ben; Villalobos, Guillermo; Kim, Woohong; Bayya, Shyam] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael] URF, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Imam, M. Ashraf] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 945302 DI 10.1117/12.2180287 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200001 ER PT S AU Springer, RM Thomas, ME Brown, AM AF Springer, R. M. Thomas, M. E. Brown, A. M. BE Zelinski, BJ TI Scatter properties of polycrystalline YAG in the visible and near-infrared SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Scatter; total integrated scatter (TIS); diffuse scatter; Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG); Nd:YAG AB Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) is an important laser host material. Ideal host materials have low loss at the laser transition frequency. This becomes more important as the gain length increases or a low gain transition is of interest. Unfortunately, single crystal YAG suffers from relatively high scatter caused by strain induced index of refraction variations generated by the growth method. For this reason polycrystalline YAG has been developed with virtually no strain. Furthermore, this material can be doped with concentrations that vary spatially. This can provide a tremendous advantage in matching the gain volume to the mode volume in a laser. However, because of the grain boundaries and porosity, polycrystalline materials have scatter loss. Angle resolved, in-plane scatter measurements of polycrystalline YAG and Nd: YAG are reported from 405 to 1064 nm. This covers the range of interest for laser operation but also with enough bandwidth to derive a physical understanding of the scatter mechanisms. A model is also applied to provide physical insight and interpolation and meaningful extrapolation of the experimental results. C1 [Springer, R. M.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Thomas, M. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brown, A. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Springer, RM (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 945307 DI 10.1117/12.2181913 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200005 ER PT S AU Sullivan, RM AF Sullivan, Roger M. BE Zelinski, BJ TI A History of Semi-Active Laser Dome and Window Materials SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XIV CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Semi-Active Laser Guidance; Dome Materials; Polycarbonate ID POLYCARBONATE; MASER; GLASS; RUBY AB Semi-Active Laser (SAL) guidance systems were developed starting in the mid-1960's and today form an important class of precision guided weapons. The laser wavelengths generally fall in the short wave infrared region of the spectrum. Relative to passive, image based, infrared seekers the optical demands placed on the domes or windows of SAL seekers is very modest, allowing the use of low cost, easily manufactured materials, such as polycarbonate. This paper will examine the transition of SAL window and dome science and technology from the laboratory to battlefield, with special emphasis on the story of polycarbonate domes. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sullivan, RM (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM roger.sullivan@navy.mil NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-569-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9453 AR 945309 DI 10.1117/12.2177631 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC9TC UT WOS:000356858200006 ER PT J AU Young, G Jacob, R Zachariah, MR AF Young, Gregory Jacob, Rohit Zachariah, Michael R. TI HIGH PRESSURE IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF ALUMINUM HYDRIDE SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alane; Aluminum hydride; Combustion; Ignition ID HYDROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; POLYMORPHS; PARTICLES; KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS; STORAGE; ALANE; ALH3 AB An experimental study was conducted to determine the high pressure ignition characteristics of alpha-aluminum hydride. Aluminum hydride particles were heated on a platinum filament at heating rates of approximately 1 x 10(5) K/s in a pressure vessel for pressures ranging up to about 7 MPa, in order to quantify the ignition temperature and to observe the ignition process. Experiments were conducted in air, argon, and nitrogen as the pressurizing environment. This study revealed that the dehydrogenation of aluminum hydride is not a function of pressure under the conditions tested. In addition, ignition temperatures were found to be approximately linearly related to pressure until pressures exceeded about 0.4 MPa, at which point they remained constant through the highest pressures tested. High speed imaging of the ignition process showed a dramatic change in the ignition behavior for pressures above 0.4 MPa, corresponding to what we believe is a threshold for H-2/air autoginition or perhaps even an explosion limit. We find that the combustion behavior of aluminum hydride particles shared many traits similar to what has been previously observed with aluminum particles including a diffusion flame surrounding the particle, spinning, jetting, and explosions/fragmentation. Quenched particles also showed clear evidence of gas phase combustion with parent particles containing nanofeatures, which were condensed from the gas phase. The results of this study provide additional understanding on the ignition and combustion process of aluminum hydride at extreme conditions, which may be useful in modeling efforts or in the development of solid propellants. C1 [Young, Gregory] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Jacob, Rohit; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Young, G (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gregory.young1@navy.mil FU ILIR program at the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Indian Head Division (NSWC-IHD); Army Research Office FX This research effort was supported through the ILIR program at the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Indian Head Division (NSWC-IHD) and the Army Research Office. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 187 IS 9 BP 1335 EP 1350 DI 10.1080/00102202.2015.1038383 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL4ZI UT WOS:000356967100002 ER PT S AU Carr, NB Rowe, NC AF Carr, Nicholas B. Rowe, Neil C. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI A Prototype Forensic Toolkit for Industrial-Control-Systems Incident Response SO CYBER SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Industrial control systems; cyberattacks; intrusion detection; testing; incident response; critical infrastructure; WMIC; Bro AB Industrial control systems (ICSs) are an important part of critical infrastructure in cyberspace. They are especially vulnerable to cyber-attacks because of their legacy hardware and software and the difficulty of changing it. We first survey the history of intrusions into ICSs, the more serious of which involved a continuing adversary presence on an ICS network. We discuss some common vulnerabilities and the categories of possible attacks, noting the frequent use of software written a long time ago. We propose a framework for designing ICS incident response under the constraints that no new software must be required and that interventions cannot impede the continuous processing that is the norm for such systems. We then discuss a prototype toolkit we built using the Windows Management Instrumentation Command-Line tool for host-based analysis and the Bro intrusion-detection software for network-based analysis. Particularly useful techniques we used were learning the historical range of parameters of numeric quantities so as to recognize anomalies, learning the usual addresses of connections to a node, observing Internet addresses (usually rare), observing anomalous network protocols such as unencrypted data transfers, observing unusual scheduled tasks, and comparing key files through registry entries and hash values to find malicious modifications. We tested our methods on actual data from ICSs including publicly-available data, voluntarily-submitted data, and researcher-provided ''advanced persistent threat" data. We found instances of interesting behavior in our experiments. Intrusions were generally easy to see because of the repetitive nature of most processing on ICSs, but operators need to be motivated to look. C1 [Carr, Nicholas B.] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. [Rowe, Neil C.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Carr, NB (reprint author), Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-574-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9458 AR 945804 DI 10.1117/12.2179796 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC9NR UT WOS:000356673200003 ER PT S AU Yahyaoui, A Rowe, NC AF Yahyaoui, Aymen Rowe, Neil C. BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI Testing Simple Deceptive Honeypot Tools SO CYBER SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Honeypots; deception; Glastopf; Kippo; testing; virtualization; Web sites; SSH AB Deception can be a useful defensive technique against cyber-attacks; it has the advantage of unexpectedness to attackers and offers a variety of tactics. Honeypots are a good tool for deception. They act as decoy computers to confuse attackers and exhaust their time and resources. This work tested the effectiveness of two free honeypot tools in real networks by varying their location and virtualization, and the effects of adding more deception to them. We tested a Web honeypot tool, Glastopf and an SSH honeypot tool Kippo. We deployed the Web honeypot in both a residential network and our organization's network and as both real and virtual machines; the organization honeypot attracted more attackers starting in the third week. Results also showed that the virtual honeypots received attacks from more unique IP addresses. They also showed that adding deception to the Web honeypot, in the form of additional linked Web pages and interactive features, generated more interest by attackers. For the purpose of comparison, we used examined log files of a legitimate Web-site www.cmand.org. The traffic distributions for the Web honeypot and the legitimate Web site showed similarities (with much malicious traffic from Brazil), but the SSH honeypot was different (with much malicious traffic from China). Contrary to previous experiments where traffic to static honeypots decreased quickly, our honeypots received increasing traffic over a period of three months. It appears that both honeypot tools are useful for providing intelligence about cyber-attack methods, and that additional deception is helpful. C1 [Yahyaoui, Aymen] Tunisian Air Force, Tunis, Tunisia. [Rowe, Neil C.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yahyaoui, A (reprint author), Tunisian Air Force, Tunis, Tunisia. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-574-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9458 AR 945803 DI 10.1117/12.2179793 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC9NR UT WOS:000356673200002 ER PT S AU Baylog, JG Wettergren, TA AF Baylog, John G. Wettergren, Thomas A. BE Bishop, SS Isaacs, JC TI Multiple Pass Collaborative Search in the Presence of False Alarms SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XX CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE collaborative search; autonomous agents; mine hunting; search theory; optimization AB This paper addresses the planning of multiple collaborative searchers that are seeking to find hidden objects (i.e. mines) in environments where the sensor detection process is prone to false alarms. In such situations it is anticipated that collaboration between searchers that are examining the same sub-regions may be used to mitigate the impact of false alarms. A standard Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis is conducted and the mapping between a single search pass ROC curve and an equivalent multiple search pass representation within a cumulative probability space is discussed. This mapping produces an analogous family of ROC curves for an increasing number of search passes using either a first detection or multiple occurrence performance criteria. The migration of ROC operating points is analyzed as additional search passes are included within a search plan and suggests the need to coordinate search effort with operating point selection. The mapping from waiting time event probabilities to a total error performance criterion weighted according to the cumulative probabilities of missed detection and false alarm is developed. Details of its application for threshold optimization within search planning is discussed and numerical results are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the models in evaluating performance trade-offs. C1 [Baylog, John G.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baylog, JG (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM john.baylog@navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-570-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9454 AR 94541G DI 10.1117/12.2177331 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC9OO UT WOS:000356708000048 ER PT S AU Liu, GG Hou, WL Qiao, W Han, M AF Liu, Guigen Hou, Weilin Qiao, Wei Han, Ming BE Pickrell, G Udd, E Du, HH TI Fiber-optic anemometer based on silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XII CY APR 22-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fiber-optic sensors; anemometer; Fabry-Perot interferometer; silicon film; thermal effects ID BRAGG; SENSORS AB Flowmeters have been finding vast applications in all kinds of industrial processes, such as process control, food quality surveillance, wind turbines, environment monitoring, etc. In this paper, we propose a new anemometer which consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) implemented using a thin silicon mounted on the tip of an optical fiber. The anemometer takes advantage of the superior thermal and optical properties of silicon. Silicon is transparent to infrared wavelength, while it absorbs visible light. Thus, the silicon FPI can be heated by a beam injected from a red diode laser while the infrared signals go through it without any interference from the heating light. The heat loss from the silicon film will increase when the sensor is placed in stronger flow (wind), which induces a decrease in the optical path of the silicon FPI, which lead to blueshifts the output spectrum. A higher wind speed corresponds to a larger wavelength shift. By tuning the heating power, the response range and sensitivity of the anemometer is changed. Experimental results demonstrate that a wavelength shift -0.574 nm was observed for a wind speed of 4 m/s. Better sensitivity is to be expected when stronger heating applied. The proposed sensor also features simple structure, low cost and fast response. C1 [Liu, Guigen; Qiao, Wei; Han, Ming] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hou, Weilin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Han, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM mhan3@unl.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-596-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9480 AR 94800A DI 10.1117/12.2180258 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD0AJ UT WOS:000357019100009 ER PT S AU Allen, MR Kim, JJ Agrawal, BN AF Allen, Matthew R. Kim, Jae Jun Agrawal, Brij N. BE Pham, KD Chen, G TI Correction of Active Space Telescope Mirror Using Woofer-Tweeter Adaptive Optics SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE segmented mirror telescope; dual deformable mirror; woofer-tweeter; space telescope; adaptive optics; active optics; wavefront control AB Future large aperture space telescopes may use lightweight correctable active mirrors. The Naval Postgraduate School's Segmented Mirror Telescope (SMT) test bed uses 1-meter silicon carbide (SiC) active mirror segments to form a six-segment deployable 3-meter telescope. The active segments suffer from residual surface errors after a correction is applied. A deformable mirror is added at the SMT pupil plane to improve this residual error. The large active SMT segment represents the woofer, and a small continuous micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) deformable mirror represents the tweeter. A global influence matrix and closed loop constrained least squares controller command the active segment and additional deformable mirror as a single device. An interferometer measures the surface error and provides feedback to the controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in wavefront error compared to a 2-step sequential woofer-tweeter constrained least squares control approach. C1 [Allen, Matthew R.; Kim, Jae Jun; Agrawal, Brij N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Allen, MR (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Watkins Hall,700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-585-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9469 AR 946902 DI 10.1117/12.2176311 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9WB UT WOS:000356922000002 ER PT S AU Ouyang, B Hou, WL Caimi, FM Dalgleish, FR Vuorenkoski, AK Gong, S Britton, W AF Ouyang, Bing Hou, Weilin Caimi, Frank M. Dalgleish, Fraser R. Vuorenkoski, Anni K. Gong, Sue Britton, Water BE Ahmad, F TI Near-infrared compressive line sensing imaging system using individually addressable laser diode array SO COMPRESSIVE SENSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Compressive Sensing IV CY APR 22-24, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Compressive Sensing; DMD; Laser; Infrared Imaging; Individually Addressable Laser Diode Array AB The compressive line sensing (CLS) active imaging system was proposed and validated through a series of test-tank experiments. As an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional line-scan serial image, the CLS system will be highly beneficial for long-duration surveillance missions using unmanned, power-constrained platforms such as unmanned aerial or underwater vehicles. In this paper, the application of an active spatial light modulator (SLM), the individually addressable laser diode array, in a CLS imaging system is investigated. In the CLS context, active SLM technology can be advantageous over passive SLMs such as the digital micro-mirror device. Initial experimental results are discussed. C1 [Ouyang, Bing; Caimi, Frank M.; Dalgleish, Fraser R.; Vuorenkoski, Anni K.; Britton, Water] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hou, Weilin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39556 USA. [Gong, Sue] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Ouyang, B (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, 5600 US1 NORTH, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM bouyang@hboi.fau.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-600-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9484 DI 10.1117/12.2178804 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9MK UT WOS:000356619200015 ER PT J AU Lamb, KG Warn-Varnas, A AF Lamb, K. G. Warn-Varnas, A. TI Two-dimensional numerical simulations of shoaling internal solitary waves at the ASIAEX site in the South China Sea SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SLOPE-SHELF TOPOGRAPHY; TRAPPED CORES; TIDAL FLOW; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; BREAKING; SOLITONS; DYNAMICS; ROTATION; BEHAVIOR AB The interaction of barotropic tides with Luzon Strait topography generates some of the world's largest internal solitary waves which eventually shoal and dissipate on the western side of the northern South China Sea. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the shoaling of a single internal solitary wave at the site of the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) have been undertaken in order to investigate the sensitivity of the shoaling process to the stratification and the underlying bathymetry and to explore the influence of rotation. The bulk of the simulations are inviscid; however, exploratory simulations using a vertical eddy-viscosity confined to a near bottom layer, along with a no-slip boundary condition, suggest that viscous effects may become important in water shallower than about 200 m. A shoaling solitary wave fissions into several waves. At depths of 200-300 m the front of the leading waves become nearly parallel to the bottom and develop a very steep back as has been observed. The leading waves are followed by waves of elevation (pedestals) that are conjugate to the waves of depression ahead and behind them. Horizontal resolutions of at least 50 m are required to simulate these well. Wave breaking was found to occur behind the second or third of the leading solitary waves, never at the back of the leading wave. Comparisons of the shoaling of waves started at depths of 1000 and 3000 m show significant differences and the shoaling waves can be significantly non-adiabatic even at depths greater than 2000 m. When waves reach a depth of 200 m, their amplitudes can be more than 50% larger than the largest possible solitary wave at that depth. The shoaling behaviour is sensitive to the presence of small-scale features in the bathymetry: a 200 m high bump at 700 m depth can result in the generation of many mode-two waves and of higher mode waves. Sensitivity to the stratification is considered by using three stratifications based on summer observations. They primarily differ in the depth of the thermocline. The generation of mode-two waves and the behaviour of the waves in shallow water is sensitive to this depth. Rotation affects the shoaling waves by reducing the amplitude of the leading waves via the radiation of long trailing inertiagravity waves. The nonlinear-dispersive evolution of these inertia-gravity waves results in the formation of secondary mode-one wave packets. C1 [Lamb, K. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Warn-Varnas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39539 USA. RP Lamb, KG (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Appl Math, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM kglamb@uwaterloo.ca FU Office of Naval Research [PE 62435]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under PE 62435 (A. Warn-Varnas) and grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (K. Lamb). The facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: http://www.sharcnet.ca) and Compute/Calcul Canada were used for some of this work. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 289 EP 312 DI 10.5194/npg-22-289-2015 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL1AM UT WOS:000356674400004 ER PT J AU Townsend, TK Heuer, WB Foos, EE Kowalski, E Yoon, W Tischler, JG AF Townsend, Troy K. Heuer, William B. Foos, Edward E. Kowalski, Eric Yoon, Woojun Tischler, Joseph G. TI Safer salts for CdTe nanocrystal solution processed solar cells: the dual roles of ligand exchange and grain growth SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOVOLTAICS; EFFICIENCY; CDCL2; SPECTROSCOPY; DEVICE; STEP AB Inorganic CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals for solid-state photovoltaic devices are typically sintered into a bulk-like material after annealing in the presence of solid cadmium chloride. As in commercial CdTe devices, this salt exposure is a key component to improve device performance by promoting grain growth. However, in contrast to vapor depositions, we demonstrate that the role of the salt treatment also involves crucial ligand removal reactions, which are a unique challenge facing nanocrystal ink depositions. After testing other salts such as CdF2, CdCl2, CdBr2, CdI2 and Cd(NO3)(2) for oleate ligand removal as determined by FTIR, SEM imaging of CdTe grain growth revealed the largest grains were observed from reactions with CdCl2 (142 +/- 26 nm) and, to a lesser extent, CdBr2 (131 +/- 19 nm). These results were used to identify cadmium-free alternatives. Trimethylsilyl chloride (28.0 +/- 5.1 nm), NH4Br (75.5 +/- 31 nm) and NH4Cl (136 +/- 39 nm) were also tested, demonstrating comparable ligand removal and grain growth to the cadmium halides. In order to validate these observations, heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated from CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals treated with non-toxic NH4Cl in place of the conventional CdCl2. Under AM 1.5G illumination, open circuit voltages (V-oc), short circuit currents (J(sc)) and efficiencies (eta) of solar cells processed with evaporated Au and commercial ITO were found to be V-oc = 0.46 +/- 0.02 V, J(sc) = 9.27 +/- 0.6 mA cm(-2), and eta = 1.73 +/- 0.24 demonstrating minimal differences in film morphology and device performance compared to those fabricated using cadmium chloride. Specific properties of the salts (solubility, reactivity, melting point and the identity of both the cation and the anion) were found to have a profound impact on grain growth and consequently device performance, suggesting the need for further investigation of additional non-toxic metal halide salts for this reaction. C1 [Townsend, Troy K.] St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. [Heuer, William B.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Foos, Edward E.] NSWC Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Kowalski, Eric] US Naval Res Lab, ASEE NREIP Intern, Washington, DC USA. [Yoon, Woojun; Tischler, Joseph G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Townsend, TK (reprint author), St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. EM tktownsend@smcm.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Research Council (NRC) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. This work was conducted while Professor Townsend held a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory. E.K. acknowledges the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 24 BP 13057 EP 13065 DI 10.1039/c5ta02488a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CK2EG UT WOS:000356022800058 ER PT J AU Babcock, RW Senthill, A Lamichhane, KM Agsalda, J Lindbo, GD AF Babcock, Roger W., Jr. Senthill, Atiim Lamichhane, Krishna M. Agsalda, Jessica Lindbo, Glen D. TI Enhanced nitrogen removal with an onsite aerobic cyclic biological treatment unit SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobic treatment unit; nitrogen removal; onsite disposal system ID WASTE-WATER; SYSTEM AB Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA, Section 6217) necessitate the requirement that onsite wastewater disposal units located near impaired surface waters or groundwater to provide at least 50% nitrogen removal. Approximately 38% of Hawaii households use onsite systems including septic tanks and cesspools that cannot meet this requirement. Upgrades to aerobic treatment units (ATUs) are a possible compliance solution. In Hawaii, ATUs must meet National Sanitation Foundation Standard 40 (NSF40) Class I effluent criteria. Previously, a multi-chamber, flow-through, combined attached/suspended growth type ATU (OESIS-750) and presently, a sequencing batch type ATU (CBT 0.8KF-210) were evaluated for NSF40 compliance, nutrient removal capability (NSF245), and adaptability for water reuse (NSF350). Both units easily achieved the NSF40 Class I effluent criteria. While the OESIS-750 achieved only 19% nitrogen removal, the CBT unit achieved 81% nitrogen removal, meeting the NSF245 criteria and CZARA requirements for applications in critical wastewater disposal areas. In addition, the CBT consistently produced effluent with turbidity less than 2 NTU (NSF350) and UVT254 greater than 70%, facilitating the production of unrestricted-use recycled water. C1 [Babcock, Roger W., Jr.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Senthill, Atiim] US Navy, Dept Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Lamichhane, Krishna M.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Agsalda, Jessica] Austin Tsutsumi & Associates, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Lindbo, Glen D.] Int Wastewater Technol, Waipahu, HI 96789 USA. RP Babcock, RW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2540 Dole St,Holmes 383, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rbabcock@hawaii.edu FU International Wastewater Technologies FX The authors would like to thank International Wastewater Technologies for sponsoring the research. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1831 EP 1837 DI 10.2166/wst.2015.172 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CK5BP UT WOS:000356237400011 PM 26067503 ER PT J AU Jung, E Albrecht, BA Jonsson, HH Chen, YC Seinfeld, JH Sorooshian, A Metcalf, AR Song, S Fang, M Russell, LM AF Jung, E. Albrecht, B. A. Jonsson, H. H. Chen, Y. -C. Seinfeld, J. H. Sorooshian, A. Metcalf, A. R. Song, S. Fang, M. Russell, L. M. TI Precipitation effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei artificially introduced into stratocumulus clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; WARM RAIN; HYGROSCOPIC FLARES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MODEL; SIMULATION; BALANCE; RADAR AB To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1-10 mu m diameter salt particles (salt powder) were released from an aircraft while flying near the cloud top on 3 August 2011 off the central coast of California. The seeded area was subsequently sampled from the aircraft that was equipped with aerosol, cloud, and precipitation probes and an upward-facing cloud radar. During post-seeding sampling, made 30-60 min after seeding, the mean cloud droplet size increased, the droplet number concentration decreased, and large drop (e.g., diameter larger than 10 mu m) concentration increased. Average drizzle rates increased from about 0.05 to 0.20 mm h(-1), and the liquid water path decreased from about 52 to 43 g m(-2). Strong radar returns associated with drizzle were observed on the post-seeding cloud-base level-leg flights and were accompanied by a substantial depletion of the cloud liquid water content. The changes were large enough to suggest that the salt particles with concentrations estimated to be 10(-2) to 10(-4) cm(-3) resulted in a four-fold increase in the cloud-base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout. In contrast, a case is shown where the cloud was already precipitating (on 10 August) and the effect of adding GCCN to the cloud was insignificant. C1 [Jung, E.; Albrecht, B. A.; Song, S.; Fang, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. [Chen, Y. -C.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Metcalf, A. R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chen, Y. -C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Jung, E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eunsil.jung@gmail.com RI Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1013423, AGS-1008848, AGS-1013381, AGS-1013319, ATM-0744636, AGS-0821599, ATM-0349015]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-08-1-0465] FX The E-PEACE field campaign and modeling studies were funded by the National Science Foundation (AGS-1013423; AGS-1008848; AGS-1013381; AGS-1013319; ATM-0744636; AGS-0821599; ATM-0349015) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-11-1-0783; N00014-10-1-0811; N00014-10-1-0200; N00014-08-1-0465). The authors gratefully acknowledge the crew of the CIRPAS Twin Otter for their assistance during the field campaign and Daniel Rosenfeld for providing the powdered salt. We also appreciate the outstanding efforts of Tom Snowdon on the design and fabrication of the salt-powder dispensing system. We greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments provided by the reviewer Jorgen Jensen. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5645 EP 5658 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5645-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200020 ER PT J AU Buchard, V da Silva, AM Colarco, PR Darmenov, A Randles, CA Govindaraju, R Torres, O Campbell, J Spurr, R AF Buchard, V. da Silva, A. M. Colarco, P. R. Darmenov, A. Randles, C. A. Govindaraju, R. Torres, O. Campbell, J. Spurr, R. TI Using the OMI aerosol index and absorption aerosol optical depth to evaluate the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; DUST TRANSPORT; GOCART MODEL; AERONET DATA AB A radiative transfer interface has been developed to simulate the UV aerosol index (AI) from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) aerosol assimilated fields. The purpose of this work is to use the AI and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements as independent validation for the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero). MERRAero is based on a version of the GEOS-5 model that is radiatively coupled to the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) aerosol module and includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Since AI is dependent on aerosol concentration, optical properties and altitude of the aerosol layer, we make use of complementary observations to fully diagnose the model, including AOD from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), aerosol retrievals from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and attenuated backscatter coefficients from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission to ascertain potential misplacement of plume height by the model. By sampling dust, biomass burning and pollution events in 2007 we have compared model-produced AI and AAOD with the corresponding OMI products, identifying regions where the model representation of absorbing aerosols was deficient. As a result of this study over the Saharan dust region, we have obtained a new set of dust aerosol optical properties that retains consistency with the MODIS AOD data that were assimilated, while resulting in better agreement with aerosol absorption measurements from OMI. The analysis conducted over the southern African and South American biomass burning regions indicates that revising the spectrally dependent aerosol absorption properties in the near-UV region improves the modeled-observed AI comparisons. Finally, during a period where the Asian region was mainly dominated by anthropogenic aerosols, we have performed a qualitative analysis in which the specification of anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-5 is adjusted to provide insight into discrepancies observed in AI comparisons. C1 [Buchard, V.; da Silva, A. M.; Colarco, P. R.; Darmenov, A.; Randles, C. A.; Govindaraju, R.; Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buchard, V.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA. [Randles, C. A.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Govindaraju, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Campbell, J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Spurr, R.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buchard, V (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM virginie.buchard@nasa.gov RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU Office of Naval Research [322]; NASA Langley Research Center Interagency [RPO201422] FX Author J. Campbell acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research Code 322 and NASA Langley Research Center Interagency Agreement RPO201422 on behalf of the CALIPSO Science Team. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5743 EP 5760 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5743-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200026 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Hoppel, KW Kuhl, DD AF Allen, D. R. Hoppel, K. W. Kuhl, D. D. TI Wind extraction potential from ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of stratospheric ozone using a global shallow water model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENT OBSERVATIONS; 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; COVARIANCE LOCALIZATION; BALANCE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; INITIALIZATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS AB The feasibility of extracting wind information from stratospheric ozone observations is tested using ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) and a global shallow water model that includes advection of an ozone-like tracer. Simulated observations are created from a truth run (TR) that resembles the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere with a polar vortex disturbed by planetary-scale wave forcing. Ozone observations mimic sampling of a polar-orbiting satellite, while geopotential height observations are randomly placed in space and time. EnKF experiments are performed assimilating ozone, height, or both, over a 10-day period. The DA is also implemented using two different pairs of flow variables: zonal and meridional wind (EnKF-uv) and stream function and velocity potential (EnKF-psi chi). Each experiment is tuned for optimal localization length, while the ensemble spread is adaptively inflated using the TR. The experiments are evaluated using the maximum wind extraction potential (WEP). Ozone only assimilation improves winds (WEP = 46% for EnKF-uv, and 58% for EnKF-psi chi), but suffers from spurious gravity wave generation. Application of nonlinear normal mode initialization (NMI) greatly reduces the unwanted imbalance and increases the WEP for EnKF-uv (84 %) and EnKF-psi chi (81 %). Assimilation of only height observations also improved the winds (WEP = 60% for EnKF-uv, and 69% for EnKF-psi chi), with much less imbalance compared to the ozone experiment. The assimilation of both height and ozone performed the best, with WEP increasing to similar to 87% (similar to 90% with NMI) for both EnKF-uv and EnKF-psi chi, demonstrating that wind extraction from ozone assimilation can be beneficial even in a data-rich environment. Ozone assimilation particularly improves the tropical winds, which are not well constrained by height observations due to lack of geostrophy. C1 [Allen, D. R.; Hoppel, K. W.; Kuhl, D. D.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.allen@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank Alan Geer, one anonymous reviewer, and the editor for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5835 EP 5850 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5835-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200032 ER PT J AU Chervin, CN Ko, JS Miller, BW Dudek, L Mansour, AN Donakowski, MD Brintlinger, T Gogotsi, P Chattopadhyay, S Shibata, T Parker, JF Hahn, BP Rolison, DR Long, JW AF Chervin, Christopher N. Ko, Jesse S. Miller, Bryan W. Dudek, Lisa Mansour, Azzam N. Donakowski, Martin D. Brintlinger, Todd Gogotsi, Pavel Chattopadhyay, Soma Shibata, Tomohiro Parker, Joseph F. Hahn, Benjamin P. Rolison, Debra R. Long, Jeffrey W. TI Defective by design: vanadium-substituted iron oxide nanoarchitectures as cation-insertion hosts for electrochemical charge storage SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; K-EDGE; AEROGELS; V2O5; NANOPARTICLES; GAMMA-FE2O3; MONOLITHS; EPOXIDES; IFEFFIT; CATHODE AB Vanadium-substituted iron oxide aerogels (2 : 1 Fe : V ratio; VFe2Ox) are synthesized using an epoxide-initiated sol-gel method to form high surface-area, mesoporous materials in which the degree of crystallinity and concentration of defects are tuned via thermal treatments under controlled atmospheres. Thermal processing of the X-ray amorphous, as-synthesized VFe2Ox aerogels at 300 degrees C under O-2-rich conditions removes residual organic byproducts while maintaining a highly defective gamma-Fe2O3-like local structure with minimal long-range order and vanadium in the +5 state. When as-synthesized VFe2Ox aerogels are heated under low partial pressure of O-2 (e.g., flowing argon), a fraction of vanadium sites are reduced to the +4 state, driving crystallization to a Fe3O4-like cubic phase. Subsequent thermal oxidation of this nanocrystalline VFe2Ox aerogel re-oxidizes vanadium +4 to +5, creating additional cation vacancies and re-introducing disordered oxide domains. We correlate the electrochemical charge-storage properties of this series of VFe2Ox aerogels with their degree of order and chemical state, as verified by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that the disordered O-2-heated VFe2Ox aerogel yields the highest Li+- and Na+-insertion capacities among this series, approaching 130 mA h g(-1) and 70 mA h g(-1), respectively. Direct heat-treatment of the VFe2Ox aerogel in flowing argon to yield the partially reduced, nanocrystalline form results in significantly lower Li+-insertion capacity (77 mA h g(-1)), which improves to 105 mA h g(-1) by thermal oxidation to create additional vacancies and structural disorder. C1 [Chervin, Christopher N.; Miller, Bryan W.; Donakowski, Martin D.; Gogotsi, Pavel; Parker, Joseph F.; Hahn, Benjamin P.; Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ko, Jesse S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dudek, Lisa] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Mat & Power Syst Branch, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Brintlinger, Todd] US Naval Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Soma] Elgin Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Elgin, IL 60123 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Soma; Shibata, Tomohiro] IIT, CSRRI, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chervin, CN (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.D.D. and B.P.H. were NRC-NRL post-doctoral associates. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 22 BP 12059 EP 12068 DI 10.1039/c5ta01507c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CJ5UK UT WOS:000355556300049 ER PT J AU Christensen, M Zhang, J Reid, JS Zhang, X Hyer, EJ Smirnov, A AF Christensen, M. Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Zhang, X. Hyer, E. J. Smirnov, A. TI A theoretical study of the effect of subsurface oceanic bubbles on the enhanced aerosol optical depth band over the southern oceans as detected from MODIS and MISR SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WIND-WAVES; NATURAL MICROBUBBLES; DATA-ASSIMILATION; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; SEA FOAM; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVALS; AERONET; WATER; ENTRAINMENT AB Submerged oceanic bubbles, which have a much longer life span than whitecaps or bubble rafts, have been hypothesized to increase the water-leaving radiance and thus affect satellite-based estimates of water-leaving radiance to non-trivial levels. This study explores this effect further to determine whether such bubbles are of sufficient magnitude to impact satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals through perturbation of the lower boundary conditions. There has been significant discussion in the community regarding the high positive biases in retrieved AODs in many remote ocean regions. In this study, for the first time, the effects of oceanic bubbles on satellite retrievals of AOD are studied by using a linked Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) atmospheric and HydroLight oceanic radiative transfer models. The results suggest an insignificant impact on AOD retrievals in regions with near-surface wind speeds of less than 12ms(-1). However, the impact of bubbles on aerosol retrievals could be on the order of 0.02-0.04 for higher wind conditions within the scope of our simulations (e. g., winds < 20m s(-1). This bias is propagated to global scales using 1 year of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) data to investigate the possible impacts of oceanic bubbles on an enhanced AOD belt observed over the high-latitude southern oceans (also called the enhanced southern oceans anomaly, or ESOA) by some passive satellite sensors. Ultimately, this study is supportive of the null hypothesis: submerged bubbles are not the major contributor to the ESOA feature. This said, as retrievals progress to higher and higher resolutions, such as from airborne platforms, the uniform bubble correction in clean marine conditions should probably be separately accounted for against individual bright whitecaps and bubble rafts. C1 [Christensen, M.; Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Zhang, X.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Smirnov, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Smirnov, A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU Office of Naval Research Codes 322 [N00014-10-0816, N0001414AF00002]; NASA project [NNX14AJ13G]; NASA EPSCoR [NNX13AB20A]; NSF [IIA-1355466] FX Jianglong Zhang and Jeffrey Reid acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research Codes 322 (N00014-10-0816 and N0001414AF00002). Matthew Christensen and Jianglong Zhang acknowledge the support of the NASA project (NNX14AJ13G). Xiaodong Zhang acknowledges the support of a NASA EPSCoR grant NNX13AB20A as well as NSF IIA-1355466. MODIS data were obtained from the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS). We also thank individual PIs from the AERONET sites for the sunphotometer data. We also thank Andrew Sayer and another reviewer for their constructive comments/suggestions. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2149 EP 2160 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2149-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900014 ER PT J AU Angulo, I Grande, O Jenn, D Guerra, D de la Vega, D AF Angulo, I. Grande, O. Jenn, D. Guerra, D. de la Vega, D. TI Estimating reflectivity values from wind turbines for analyzing the potential impact on weather radar services SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FARMS AB The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has repeatedly expressed concern over the increasing number of impact cases of wind turbine farms on weather radars. Current signal processing techniques to mitigate wind turbine clutter (WTC) are scarce, so the most practical approach to this issue is the assessment of the potential interference from a wind farm before it is installed. To do so, and in order to obtain a WTC reflectivity model, it is crucial to estimate the radar cross section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be built, which represents the power percentage of the radar signal that is backscattered to the radar receiver. For the proposed model, a representative scenario has been chosen in which both the weather radar and the wind farm are placed on clear areas; i. e., wind turbines are supposed to be illuminated only by the lowest elevation angles of the radar beam. This paper first characterizes the RCS of wind turbines in the weather radar frequency bands by means of computer simulations based on the physical optics theory and then proposes a simplified model to estimate wind turbine RCS values. This model is of great help in the evaluation of the potential impact of a certain wind farm on the weather radar operation. C1 [Angulo, I.; Grande, O.; Guerra, D.; de la Vega, D.] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Bilbao, Spain. [Jenn, D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP de la Vega, D (reprint author), Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Bilbao, Spain. EM david.delavega@ehu.es OI de la Vega, David/0000-0003-4811-4173 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) [TEC2012-32370]; University of the Basque Country (Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea) FX This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, project TEC2012-32370) and the University of the Basque Country (Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, program for the specialization of the postdoctoral researcher staff). NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2183 EP 2193 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2183-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900017 ER PT J AU Matsumae, T Koehler, AD Greenlee, JD Anderson, TJ Baumgart, H Jernigan, GG Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Matsumae, T. Koehler, A. D. Greenlee, J. D. Anderson, T. J. Baumgart, H. Jernigan, G. G. Hobart, K. D. Kub, F. J. TI Temporary Bonding with Polydimethylglutarimide Based Lift Off Resist as a Layer Transfer Platform SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-WAFERS AB Bonding of lift off resist (LOR) was performed to realize temporary wafer bonding without residue. Bonding process conditions such as spin speed, pre-bake temperature, and bonding temperature were optimized to obtain a large bonded area with high bond strength. Under optimized process conditions, a bonded area covering over 98% of the wafer surface, with a room temperature bond strength of nearly 5 J/m(2) is achieved. During razor blade testing, fracture often occurs at the Si wafer. Moreover, debonding using an N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-based solvent left the wafer surface extremely small amount of residue. Thus, the optimized bonding processed developed in this research is suitable for a clean temporary bonding process. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Matsumae, T.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Koehler, A. D.; Anderson, T. J.; Jernigan, G. G.; Hobart, K. D.; Kub, F. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greenlee, J. D.] NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matsumae, T (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM takashi.mtm@gmail.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 7 BP P190 EP P194 DI 10.1149/2.0031507jss PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CJ0SA UT WOS:000355187000012 ER PT J AU Weiner, RG Smith, AF Skrabalak, SE AF Weiner, Rebecca G. Smith, Alison F. Skrabalak, Sara E. TI Synthesis of hollow and trimetallic nanostructures by seed-mediated co-reduction SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GALVANIC REPLACEMENT REACTIONS; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; SILVER NANOCUBES; GOLD NANOCAGES; SERS ACTIVITY; AG NANOCUBES; NANOCRYSTALS; AU; DEPOSITION AB Coupling seed-mediated co-reduction with galvanic replacement for the first time provides a route to trimetallic (Ag-Au-Pd) nanostructures with hollow interiors. Moreover, manipulating the synthetic conditions can suppress galvanic replacement and facilitate formation of trimetallic core@shell (Ag@Au-Pd) nanostructures. These results illustrate the role of seed composition in the synthesis of architecturally defined multimetallic nanostructures by seed-mediated co-reduction. C1 [Weiner, Rebecca G.; Smith, Alison F.; Skrabalak, Sara E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Smith, Alison F.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47533 USA. RP Skrabalak, SE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM sskrabal@indiana.edu FU Indiana University start-up funds; NSF [CHE-1306853] FX This work was supported by Indiana University start-up funds and NSF Award CHE-1306853. SES is a Cottrell Scholar (Research Corporation), Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, and Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar. We thank Dr. David Morgan and the IU Nanoscale Characterization Facility for access to instrumentation. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 42 BP 8872 EP 8875 DI 10.1039/c5cc02318a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CI1CG UT WOS:000354477600035 PM 25925127 ER PT J AU Engelmann, SU Bruce, RL Nakamura, M Metzler, D Walton, SG Joseph, EA AF Engelmann, S. U. Bruce, R. L. Nakamura, M. Metzler, D. Walton, S. G. Joseph, E. A. TI Challenges of Tailoring Surface Chemistry and Plasma/Surface Interactions to Advance Atomic Layer Etching SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; HIGH-DENSITY-PLASMA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; NEUTRAL BEAM; CU FILMS; SILICON; ION; IRRADIATION; DISCHARGES; MECHANISM AB The ability to achieve atomic layer etch precision is reviewed in detail for a variety of material sets and implementation methods. For a cyclic approach most similar to a reverse ALD scheme, the process window to achieve a truly self-limited atomic layer etch (ALE) process is identified and the limitations as a function of controlling the adsorption step, the irradiation energy, and the reaction process are examined. Alternative approaches, namely processes to enable pseudo-ALE precision, are then introduced and results from their application investigated. Most of the recent work in plasma process development can be characterized by three fundamental approaches to atomic layer etching. Lastly, recent developments employing reactant flux control are briefly introduced, which have shown to provide a self-limited process that is able to exhibit high selectivity and pattern fidelity. The key feature of this novel method may be the ability to combine advances from the other atomic layer etch approaches. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email:oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Engelmann, S. U.; Bruce, R. L.; Metzler, D.; Joseph, E. A.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Nakamura, M.] ZEON Chem LP, Louisville, KY 40211 USA. [Metzler, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walton, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engelmann, SU (reprint author), IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM suengelm@us.ibm.com RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; National Science Foundation [CBET-1134273] FX Special thanks go to B. Harrison, J.M. Papalia, S. Holmes, D. Farmer, K. Uppireddi, E. Kamnang, G. Tulevski, D. Neumayer, A. Bol, E. Sikorski, P. Bouvron, W. Price, Y. Zhang and N. Fuller. S. J. Han, J. Chang and Y. Zhu are thanked for contributions to parts of this work. The authors would also like to thank the MRL management for support of this work. S. E. furthermore specifically thanks L. Lecordier and A. Pyzyna for fruitful discussions and a close look into the world of ALD and PE-ALD. This work was partially supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. S. E., D.M. and E. A. J. gratefully acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation for research under award CBET-1134273 which led to part of the work described here, and also thank G. S. Oehrlein who serves as PI of this award. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 6 BP N5054 EP N5060 DI 10.1149/2.0101506jss PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CI5GR UT WOS:000354783100002 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Boris, DR Hernandez, SC Lock, EH Petrova, TB Petrov, GM Fernsler, RF AF Walton, S. G. Boris, D. R. Hernandez, S. C. Lock, E. H. Petrova, Tz. B. Petrov, G. M. Fernsler, R. F. TI Electron Beam Generated Plasmas for Ultra Low T-e Processing SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; NEGATIVE-IONS; EXTRACTION; DEPOSITION; GRAPHENE; SYSTEM; GAAS AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a processing system based on an electron beam-generated plasma. Unlike conventional discharges produced by electric fields (DC, RF, microwave, etc.), ionization is driven by a high-energy (similar to few keV) electron beam, an approach that can be attractive to atomic layer processing applications. In particular, high electron densities (10(10)-10(11) cm(-3)) can be produced in electron beam generated plasmas, where the electron temperature remains between 0.3 and 1.0 eV. Accordingly, a large flux of ions can be delivered to substrate surfaces with kinetic energies in the range of 1 to 5 eV. This provides the potential for controllably etching and/or engineering both the surface morphology and chemistry with monolayer precision. This work describes the electron beam driven plasma processing system, with particular attention paid to system characteristics and the ability to control the generation and delivery of ions to the surface and their energies. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Walton, S. G.; Boris, D. R.; Hernandez, S. C.; Petrova, Tz. B.; Petrov, G. M.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lock, E. H.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fernsler, R. F.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Walton, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.walton@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory base program. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 6 BP N5033 EP N5040 DI 10.1149/2.0071506jss PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CI5GR UT WOS:000354783100015 ER PT J AU Raghupathi, M Wick, BD AF Raghupathi, Mrinal Wick, Brett D. TI SOME REMARKS ABOUT INTERPOLATING SEQUENCES IN REPRODUCING KERNEL HILBERT SPACES SO HOUSTON JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Interpolating Sequences; Schur-Agler Class; Riemann Surfaces ID ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS; THEOREM AB In this paper we study two separate problems on interpolation. We first give some new equivalences of Stout's Theorem on necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of points to be an interpolating sequence on a finite open Riemann surface. We next turn our attention to the question of interpolation for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on the polydisc and provide a collection of equivalent statements about when it is possible to interpolation in the Schur-Agler class of the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space. C1 [Raghupathi, Mrinal] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Wick, Brett D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Raghupathi, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM raghupat@usna.edu; wick@math.gatechedu OI Wick, Brett/0000-0003-1890-0608 FU Office of Naval Research NARC grant; National Science Foundation DMS [1001098, 0955432] FX Research supported by the Office of Naval Research NARC grant.; Research supported in part by a National Science Foundation DMS Grant # 1001098 and # 0955432. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV HOUSTON PI HOUSTON PA DEPT MATH, HOUSTON, TX 77204 USA SN 0362-1588 J9 HOUSTON J MATH JI Houst. J. Math. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 BP 213 EP 230 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA CI5LZ UT WOS:000354799300012 ER PT S AU Christophersen, M Phlips, BF Boudreau, AJ Yetzbacher, MK AF Christophersen, M. Phlips, B. F. Boudreau, A. J. Yetzbacher, M. K. BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Multiple Height Calibration Reference for Nano-Metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE step height; scanning probe microscope; nano-metrology; calibration; gray-tone lithography; atomic layer deposition ID SURFACE AB Modern nano-metrology instruments require calibration references with nanometer accuracy in the x, y, and z directions. A common problem is the accurate calibration in the z direction (height). For example, it is generally not difficult to obtain accurate x-and y-calibration references for a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). It is, however, much more difficult to obtain accurate z-axis results. It is difficult to control z-axis piezo dynamics because during scanning in the xy-plane the x-and y-axes move at a constant rate whiles the z axis does not. Furthermore due to the high cost of producing calibration standards, the microscope is often calibrated at only one height. However, if the relationship between the measured z height and the actual z height is not linear, then the height measurements will not be correct. In this paper, we will present a method for the fabrication of calibration references with: (i) sub-10 nm features and (ii) multiple step heights on one reference, allowing for better calibration of the non-linearity in the z direction. C1 [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B. F.; Boudreau, A. J.; Yetzbacher, M. K.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-526-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9424 AR 94240R DI 10.1117/12.2085502 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6OK UT WOS:000354250200026 ER PT B AU Clary, C AF Clary, Christopher BE Fair, CC Watson, SJ TI The Safety and Security of the Pakistani Nuclear Arsenal SO PAKISTAN'S ENDURING CHALLENGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FORCES; BOMB C1 [Clary, Christopher] MIT, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Clary, Christopher] RAND Corp, Stanton Nucl Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Clary, Christopher] Council Foreign Relat Int Affairs, New Delhi, India. [Clary, Christopher] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Clary, Christopher] Henry L Stimson Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Clary, C (reprint author), MIT, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4690-2 PY 2015 BP 98 EP 127 D2 10.9783/9780812290967 PG 30 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BC4BK UT WOS:000352243800005 ER PT B AU Jaskoski, M AF Jaskoski, Maiah BE Dunigan, M Petersohn, U TI The Military Protection Markets in Peru and Ecuador: A Detailed Analysis SO MARKETS FOR FORCE: PRIVATIZATION OF SECURITY ACROSS WORLD REGIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLOMBIA C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jaskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4686-5 PY 2015 BP 38 EP 51 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC3XN UT WOS:000352036200004 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Siskind, DE Lambert, A Boone, C AF Nedoluha, G. E. Siskind, D. E. Lambert, A. Boone, C. TI The decrease in mid-stratospheric tropical ozone since 1991 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; SAGE-II; TRENDS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; VALIDATION; PROFILE; GASES; HALOE AB While global stratospheric O-3 has begun to recover, there are localized regions where O-3 has decreased since 1991. Specifically, we use measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for the period 1991-2005 and the NASA Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) for the period 2004-2013 to demonstrate a significant decrease in O-3 near similar to 10 hPa in the tropics. O-3 in this region is very sensitive to variations in NOy, and the observed decrease can be understood as a spatially localized, yet long-term increase in NOy. In turn, using data from MLS and from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), we show that the NOy variations are caused by decreases in N2O which are likely linked to long-term variations in dynamics. To illustrate how variations in dynamics can affect N2O and O-3, we show that by decreasing the upwelling in the tropics, more of the N2O can photodissociate with a concomitant increase in NOy production (via N2O + O(D-1) -> 2NO) at 10 hPa. Ultimately, this can cause an O-3 decrease of the observed magnitude. C1 [Nedoluha, G. E.; Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Boone, C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, by the Naval Research Laboratory, and by the Office of Naval Research. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MLS and HALOE data are available from the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data Information and Services Center (acdisc.gsfc.nasa.gov). ACE-FTS data is available at www.ace.uwaterloo.ca. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4215 EP 4224 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4215-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000015 ER PT S AU Breger, J Delehanty, JB Gemmill, KB Field, LD Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Huston, AL Medintz, IL AF Breger, Joyce Delehanty, James B. Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Field, Lauren D. Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Huston, Alan L. Medintz, Igor L. BE Parak, WJ Osinski, M Liang, XJ TI Membrane-Targeting Peptides for Nanoparticle-Facilitated Cellular Imaging and Analysis SO COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications X CY FEB 07-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Ocean Opt Inc DE nanoassemblies; cell-penetrating peptide; quantum dot; controlled release; fluorescence ID INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY AB The controlled delivery of nanomaterials to the plasma membrane is critical for the development of nanoscale probes that can eventually enable cellular imaging and analysis of membrane processes. Chief among the requisite criteria are delivery/targeting modalities that result in the long-term residence (e.g., days) of the nanoparticles on the plasma membrane while simultaneously not interfering with regular cellular physiology and homeostasis. Our laboratory has developed a suite of peptidyl motifs that target semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots (QDs)) to the plasma membrane where they remain resident for up to three days. Notably, only small a percentage of the QDs are endocytosed over this time course and cellular viability is maintained. This talk will highlight the utility of these peptide-QD constructs for cellular imaging and analysis. C1 [Breger, Joyce; Delehanty, James B.; Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Field, Lauren D.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blanco-Canosa, Juan B.; Dawson, Philip E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Huston, Alan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Breger, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-428-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9338 AR 93381P DI 10.1117/12.2077026 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BC6NI UT WOS:000354173600026 ER PT S AU DeVore, MS Stich, DG Keller, AM Ghosh, Y Goodwin, PM Phipps, ME Stewart, MH Cleyrat, C Wilson, BS Lidke, DS Hollingsworth, JA Werner, JH AF DeVore, Matthew S. Stich, Dominik G. Keller, Aaron M. Ghosh, Yagnaseni Goodwin, Peter M. Phipps, Mary E. Stewart, Michael H. Cleyrat, Cedric Wilson, Bridget S. Lidke, Diane S. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Werner, James H. BE Parak, WJ Osinski, M Liang, XJ TI Three dimensional time-gated tracking of non-blinking quantum dots in live cells SO COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications X CY FEB 07-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Ocean Opt Inc DE Single particle tracking; time-gating; quantum dot; microscopy ID SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; SHELL-THICKNESS; 3 DIMENSIONS; NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; DYNAMICS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPPRESSION; PRECISION; MEMBRANE AB Single particle tracking has provided a wealth of information about biophysical processes such as motor protein transport and diffusion in cell membranes. However, motion out of the plane of the microscope or blinking of the fluorescent probe used as a label generally limits observation times to several seconds. Here, we overcome these limitations by using novel non-blinking quantum dots as probes and employing a custom 3D tracking microscope to actively follow motion in three dimensions (3D) in live cells. Signal-to-noise is improved in the cellular milieu through the use of pulsed excitation and time-gated detection. C1 [DeVore, Matthew S.; Stich, Dominik G.; Keller, Aaron M.; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Goodwin, Peter M.; Phipps, Mary E.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cleyrat, Cedric; Wilson, Bridget S.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cleyrat, Cedric; Wilson, Bridget S.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP DeVore, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cleyrat, Cedric/F-1824-2016 OI Cleyrat, Cedric/0000-0002-1928-6497 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-428-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9338 AR 933812 DI 10.1117/12.2082943 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BC6NI UT WOS:000354173600014 ER PT J AU Young, G Jian, GQ Jacob, R Zachariah, MR AF Young, Gregory Jian, Guoqiang Jacob, Rohit Zachariah, Michael R. TI DECOMPOSITION AND IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF TITANIUM HYDRIDE AT HIGH HEATING RATES SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Decomposition; Ignition; TiH2; Titanium hydride ID OXIDATION PROCESS; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; BEHAVIOR; AIR; GENERATION; PARTICLES; ALUMINUM; STORAGE; POWDER AB An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the decomposition, ignition, and combustion behavior of titanium hydride under high heating rate conditions. Samples were deposited on filaments, which were rapidly heated by joule heating under various conditions. Dehydrogenation experiments were conducted under vacuum conditions at heating rates of up to 4 x 10(5) K/s. The results of these experiments suggest that, at high heating rates, the onset of dehydrogenation is limited by intraparticle diffusion. The ignition and combustion behavior was studied in air and for ambient pressures ranging from atmospheric up to 7 MPa in a windowed pressure vessel. Broadband light emission was used to quantify the ignition temperature. The experiments revealed that the ignition temperature decreased linearly with increasing pressure from approximately 1700 K to 1475 K. Comparison of the dehydrogenation temperatures to the ignition temperatures over the entire pressure range suggests that the onset of the dehydrogenation process is not likely to be affected by ambient pressure. Finally, observation of the steady state combustion process by high speed imaging and post mortem analysis revealed many similar combustion characteristics to pure titanium. Particle explosions were observed and quenched particles were found to consist of titanium, nitrogen, and oxygen. C1 [Young, Gregory] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Jian, Guoqiang; Jacob, Rohit; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Young, G (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gregory.young1@navy.mil FU Naval Surface Warfare Center-Indian Head Division (NSWC-IHD); Army Research Office FX This research effort was supported through the ILIR program at the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Indian Head Division (NSWC-IHD) and from the Army Research Office. The authors would specifically like to thank Dr. Al Stern. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 187 IS 8 BP 1182 EP 1194 DI 10.1080/00102202.2015.1019619 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CH8VA UT WOS:000354313000003 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ Baker, CC Askins, CG Fontana, JP Hunt, MP Peele, JR Marcheschi, BA Oh, E Kim, W Sanghera, J Zhang, J Pattnaik, RK Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M AF Friebele, E. Joseph Baker, Colin C. Askins, Charles G. Fontana, Jake P. Hunt, Michael P. Peele, John R. Marcheschi, Barbara A. Oh, Eunkeu Kim, Woohong Sanghera, Jasbinder Zhang, Jun Pattnaik, Radha K. Merkle, Larry D. Dubinskii, Mark BE Shaw, LB Ballato, J TI Erbium nanoparticle doped fibers for efficient, resonantly-pumped Er-doped fiber lasers SO FIBER LASERS XII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Erbium doped fiber; nanoparticles; high energy lasers; fiber lasers ID SIZE; BOEHMITE; SHAPE AB Nanoparticle (NP) doping is a new technique for making erbium-doped fibers (EDFs); the Er ions are surrounded by a cage of aluminum and oxygen ions, substantially reducing Er3+ ion-ion energy exchange and its deleterious effects on laser performance. Er-Al-doped NPs have been synthesized and doped in-situ into the silica soot of the preform core. We report the first known measurements of NP-doped EDFs in a resonantly-core pumped master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) configuration; the optical-to-optical slope efficiency was 80.4%, which we believe is a record for this type of fiber. C1 [Friebele, E. Joseph; Baker, Colin C.; Askins, Charles G.; Fontana, Jake P.; Marcheschi, Barbara A.; Kim, Woohong; Sanghera, Jasbinder] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael P.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Peele, John R.; Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Syst, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Zhang, Jun; Pattnaik, Radha K.; Merkle, Larry D.; Dubinskii, Mark] Army Res Lab, Ade Iphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.friebele@ndnavy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-434-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9344 AR 934412 DI 10.1117/12.2079443 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6EZ UT WOS:000353887400025 ER PT S AU Mathews, SA Charipar, NA Auyeung, RCY Kim, H Pique, A AF Mathews, Scott A. Charipar, Nicholas A. Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Kim, Heungsoo Pique, Alberto BE Klotzbach, U Washio, K Arnold, CB TI Laser Forward Transfer of Solder Paste for Microelectronics Fabrication SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanoprocessing IX CY FEB 10-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Additive Manufacturing; Laser Direct-Write; Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT); Printing of solder pastes ID PRINTING TECHNOLOGY; LIGHT AB The progressive miniaturization of electronic devices requires an ever-increasing density of interconnects attached via solder joints. As a consequence, the overall size and spacing (or pitch) of these solder joint interconnects keeps shrinking. When the pitch between interconnects decreases below 200 pm, current technologies, such as stencil printing, find themselves reaching their resolution limit. Laser direct-write (LDW) techniques based on laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of functional materials offer unique advantages and capabilities for the printing of solder pastes. At NRL, we have demonstrated the successful transfer, patterning, and subsequent reflow of commercial Pb-free solder pastes using LIFT. Transfers were achieved both with the donor substrate in contact with the receiving substrate and across a 25 mu m gap, such that the donor substrate does not make contact with the receiving substrate. We demonstrate the transfer of solder paste features down to 25 mu m in diameter and as large as a few hundred microns, although neither represents the ultimate limit of the LIFT process in terms of spatial dimensions. Solder paste was transferred onto circular copper pads as small as 30 pm and subsequently reflowed, in order to demonstrate that the solder and flux were not adversely affected by the LIFT process. C1 [Mathews, Scott A.; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Auyeung, Ray C. Y.; Kim, Heungsoo; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mathews, SA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.mathews@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-441-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9351 AR 93510Y DI 10.1117/12.2080410 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6NM UT WOS:000354184400021 ER PT J AU Samanta, A Walper, SA Susumu, K Dwyer, CL Medintz, IL AF Samanta, Anirban Walper, Scott A. Susumu, Kimihiro Dwyer, Chris L. Medintz, Igor L. TI An enzymatically-sensitized sequential and concentric energy transfer relay self-assembled around semiconductor quantum dots SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; PROTEASE ACTIVITY; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; FIREFLY LUCIFERASE; NANOPARTICLES; DELIVERY; SURFACE; LOGIC; BIOCONJUGATION; ACCELERATION AB The ability to control light energy within de novo nanoscale structures and devices will greatly benefit their continuing development and ultimate application. Ideally, this control should extend from generating the light itself to its spatial propagation within the device along with providing defined emission wavelength (s), all in a stand-alone modality. Here we design and characterize macromolecular nanoassemblies consisting of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), several differentially dye-labeled peptides and the enzyme luciferase which cumulatively demonstrate many of these capabilities by engaging in multiple-sequential energy transfer steps. To create these structures, recombinantly-expressed luciferase and the dye-labeled peptides were appended with a terminal polyhistidine sequence allowing for controlled ratio-metric self-assembly around the QDs via metal-affinity coordination. The QDs serve to provide multiple roles in these structures including as central assembly platforms or nanoscaffolds along with acting as a potent energy harvesting and transfer relay. The devices are activated by addition of coelenterazine H substrate which is oxidized by luciferase producing light energy which sensitizes the central 625 nm emitting QD acceptor by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). The sensitized QD, in turn, acts as a relay and transfers the energy to a first peptide-labeled Alexa Fluor 647 acceptor dye displayed on its surface. This dye then transfers energy to a second red-shifted peptide-labeled dye acceptor on the QD surface through a second concentric Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Alexa Fluor 700 and Cy5.5 are both tested in the role of this terminal FRET acceptor. Photophysical analysis of spectral profiles from the resulting sequential BRET-FRET-FRET processes allow us to estimate the efficiency of each of the transfer steps. Importantly, the efficiency of each step within this energy transfer cascade can be controlled to some extent by the number of enzymes/peptides displayed on the QD. Further optimization of the energy transfer process(es) along with potential applications of such devices are finally discussed. C1 [Samanta, Anirban; Walper, Scott A.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Samanta, Anirban] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Dwyer, Chris L.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL; NRL NSI; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M] FX IM acknowledge financial support from NRL, the NRL NSI, and DTRA JSTO MIPR no. B112582M. CD acknowledges the ONR Summer Faculty Program. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 17 BP 7603 EP 7614 DI 10.1039/c5nr00828j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CH4DI UT WOS:000353981700015 PM 25804284 ER PT S AU Taylor, CD Major, KJ Joshi, R Busse, LE Frantz, J Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Poutous, MK AF Taylor, C. D. Major, K. J. Joshi, R. Busse, L. E. Frantz, J. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. Poutous, M. K. BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF TI Optical performance of random anti-reflection structures on curved surfaces SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials XII CY FEB 09-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE random anti-reflection surfaces; anti-reflection coated lenses; fused silica; optical lenses ID LENSES AB Random anti-reflection structured surfaces (rARSS) have been reported to improve transmittance of optical-grade fused silica planar substrates to values greater than 99%. These textures are achieved using reactive-ion etching techniques and often result in transmitted spectra with no measurable interference effects (fringes) for a wide range of wavelengths. The inductively-coupled reactive ion plasma (ICP-RIE) used in the fabrication process to etch the rARSS is anisotropic, and thus well-suited for planar components. The improvement in spectral transmission has been found to be independent of optical incidence angles, for values from 0 degrees to +/- 30 degrees. Qualifying and quantifying the rARSS performance on curved substrates, such as concave and convex lenses, is required to optimize the fabrication of a desirable AR effect on optical-power elements. In this work, rARSS was fabricated on fused silica plano-convex and plano-concave lenses, using an optimized ICP-RIE process, to maximize optical transmission in the range from 500 nm to 1100 nm. Results are presented from optical transmission tests of matched sets of varying curvature lenses with rARSS at a wavelength of 633nm. The transmission was measured as a function of radial distance from the apex of each lens, and shows the anisotropic dependence of the etch process. The transmittance profiles between the different sphericity of the tested lenses as well as the matched sets of concave and convex surfaces are compared. The measured angle-of-incidence dependence of planar silica versus silica lenses with rARSS is also presented. C1 [Taylor, C. D.; Major, K. J.; Joshi, R.; Poutous, M. K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Busse, L. E.; Frantz, J.; Sanghera, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, I. D.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-449-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9359 AR 935916 DI 10.1117/12.2076791 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC6OT UT WOS:000354268500025 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Goetz, PG Pruessner, M Ferraro, MS Park, D Fleet, E DePrenger, MJ AF Rabinovich, William S. Mahon, Rita Goetz, Peter G. Pruessner, Marcel Ferraro, Mike S. Park, Doe Fleet, Erin DePrenger, Michael J. BE Reed, GT Watts, MR TI Interferometric microscopy of silicon photonic devices SO SILICON PHOTONICS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Silicon Photonics X CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE silicon photonics; holography; interferometry; multimode; coherence ID OPTICAL PHASED-ARRAY; ON-INSULATOR AB Silicon photonics provides the ability to construct complex photonic circuits that act on the amplitude and phase of multiple optical channels. Many applications of silicon photonics depend on maintenance of optical coherence among the various waveguides and structures on the chip. Other applications can depend on the modal structures of the waveguides. All these application require the ability to characterize the amplitude and phase of individual optical channels. Fourier imaging with high numerical aperture microscope objectives has been used to image the intensity of individual channels of photonic structures in both real and Fourier space. In other work, holographic imaging of multimode fibers has allowed modal decomposition. In this work we use interferometric microscopy to image the amplitude and phase of a variety of silicon photonic structures. These include a multimode interference splitter and a multimode waveguide under various excitation conditions. C1 [Rabinovich, William S.; Mahon, Rita; Goetz, Peter G.; Pruessner, Marcel; Ferraro, Mike S.; Park, Doe; Fleet, Erin] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DePrenger, Michael J.] Tekla, Dumfries, VA 22025 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-457-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9367 AR 93670O DI 10.1117/12.2077267 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6QD UT WOS:000354373600018 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Hou, W Kanaev, A Matt, S Font, C AF Restaino, S. R. Hou, W. Kanaev, A. Matt, S. Font, C. BE Bifano, TG Kubby, J Gigan, S TI Wavefront Sensing and Analysis for Underwater Laser Propagation SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND WAVEFRONT CONTROL FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Wavefront Control for Biological Systems CY FEB 07-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB The use of Adaptive Optics (AO) to correct for aberrations in a wavefront of propagating light has become customary for Astronomical applications and is now expanding to many other areas going from medical imaging to industrial applications. However, the propagation of light underwater has remained out of the main stream AO community for a variety of reasons, not least the shear difficulty of the situation. Our group has become a program that attempts to define under which circumstances such a correction could be envisioned. We take advantage of the NRL laboratory facility in Stennis, MS, where a large Plexiglas tank of water is equipped with heating and cooling plates that allow for a well measured thermal gradient that in turn generates different degrees of turbulence that can distort a propagating laser beam. In this paper we report on the preliminary findings of this ongoing program. The paper will describe the facility and the AO test-bed, the measurements made and some of the preliminary result. C1 US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hou, W.; Matt, S.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kanaev, A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Font, C.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-425-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9335 AR 93350G DI 10.1117/12.2082716 PG 5 WC Microscopy; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Microscopy; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BC6FG UT WOS:000353891900008 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Pruessner, M Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Park, D Fleet, E DePrenger, MJ AF Rabinovich, William S. Goetz, Peter G. Pruessner, Marcel Mahon, Rita Ferraro, Mike S. Park, Doe Fleet, Erin DePrenger, Michael J. BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI Free space optical communication link using a silicon photonic optical phased array SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE free space optical communication; silicon photonics; optical phased array; non-mechanical beam steering AB Many components for free space optical communication systems have shrunken in size over the last decade. However, the steering systems have remained large and power hungry. Non-mechanical beam steering offers a path to reducing the size of these systems. Optical phased arrays can allow integrated beam steering elements. One of the most important aspects of an optical phased array technology is its scalability to a large number of elements. Silicon photonics can potentially offer this scalability using CMOS foundry techniques. In this paper a small-scale silicon photonic optical phased array is demonstrated for both the transmitter and receiver functions in a free space optical link. The device using an array of thermo-optically controlled waveguide phase shifters and demonstrates one-dimensional steering with a single control electrode. Transmission of a digitized video data stream over the link is shown. C1 [Rabinovich, William S.; Goetz, Peter G.; Pruessner, Marcel; Ferraro, Mike S.; Park, Doe; Fleet, Erin] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DePrenger, Michael J.] Tekla, Dumfries, VA 22025 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 93540B DI 10.1117/12.2077222 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100009 ER PT S AU Wilcox, C Fernandez, B Bagnasco, J Martinez, T Romeo, R Agrawal, B AF Wilcox, Christopher Fernandez, Bautista Bagnasco, John Martinez, Ty Romeo, Robert Agrawal, Brij BE Hemmati, H Boroson, DM TI The meter-class carbon fiber reinforced polymer mirror and segmented mirror telescope at the Naval Postgraduate School SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXVII CY FEB 08-09, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB The Adaptive Optics Center of Excellence for National Security at the Naval Postgraduate School has implemented a technology testing platform and array of facilities for next-generation space-based telescopes and imaging system development. The Segmented Mirror Telescope is a 3-meter, 6 segment telescope with actuators on its mirrors for system optical correction. Currently, investigation is being conducted in the use of lightweight carbon fiber reinforced polymer structures for large monolithic optics. Advantages of this material include lower manufacturing costs, very low weight, and high durability and survivability compared to its glass counterparts. Design and testing has begun on a 1-meter, optical quality CFRP parabolic mirror for the purpose of injecting collimated laser light through the SMT primary and secondary mirrors as well as the following aft optics that include wavefront sensors and deformable mirrors. This paper will present the design, testing, and usage of this CFRP parabolic mirror and the current path moving forward with this ever-evolving technology. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher; Martinez, Ty] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fernandez, Bautista; Bagnasco, John; Agrawal, Brij] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Romeo, Robert] Composite Mirror Applicat Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wilcox, C (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-444-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9354 AR 93540J DI 10.1117/12.2082628 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AR UT WOS:000353710100015 ER PT J AU Duffin, AM Springer, KW Ward, JD Jarman, KD Robinson, JW Endres, MC Hart, GL Gonzalez, JJ Oropeza, D Russo, RE Willingham, DG Naes, BE Fahey, AJ Eiden, GC AF Duffin, Andrew M. Springer, Kellen W. Ward, Jesse D. Jarman, Kenneth D. Robinson, John W. Endres, Mackenzie C. Hart, Garret L. Gonzalez, Jhanis J. Oropeza, Dayana Russo, Richard E. Willingham, David G. Naes, Benjamin E. Fahey, Albert J. Eiden, Gregory C. TI Femtosecond laser ablation multicollector ICPMS analysis of uranium isotopes in NIST glass SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRANSPORT EFFICIENCIES; REFERENCE VALUES; MC-ICPMS; MS; PARTICLES; PLUTONIUM; RESOLUTION; AEROSOLS; STANDARD AB We utilized femtosecond laser ablation together with multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure the uranium isotopic content of NIST 61x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) glasses. The uranium content of these glasses is a linear two-component mixing between isotopically natural uranium and the isotopically depleted spike used in preparing the glasses. Laser ablation results match extremely well, generally within a few ppm, with solution analysis following sample dissolution and chemical separation. In addition to isotopic data, sample utilization efficiency measurements indicate that over 1% of ablated uranium atoms reach a mass spectrometer detector, making this technique extremely efficient. Laser sampling also allows for spatial analysis and our data indicate that rare uranium concentration inhomogeneities exist in NIST 616 glass. C1 [Duffin, Andrew M.; Springer, Kellen W.; Ward, Jesse D.; Jarman, Kenneth D.; Robinson, John W.; Endres, Mackenzie C.; Hart, Garret L.; Willingham, David G.; Naes, Benjamin E.; Eiden, Gregory C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Oropeza, Dayana; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fahey, Albert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington Dc, DC USA. RP Eiden, GC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregory.eiden@pnnl.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015; Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011; OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212; Willingham, David/0000-0002-7166-8994 FU National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development [DNN-RD/NA-22]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-75RLO1830]; Chemical Science Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development Office of the U.S. DOE at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development, DNN-RD/NA-22, supported this work under an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-75RLO1830. Part of this work was supported by the Chemical Science Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development Office of the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1100 EP 1107 DI 10.1039/c4ja00452c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CH1FW UT WOS:000353767600010 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Jiaheng Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Curious cases of 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based energetic cocrystals with high nitrogen content: an alternative to salt formation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CO-CRYSTALS; PI-STACKING; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; DESIGN; CL-20 AB Two structurally interesting 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyrazole-based energetic cocrystals were prepared and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. As novel energetic materials, these two unusual neutral acid-base complexes possess high nitrogen content, good detonation properties, and improved impact and friction sensitivities which highlight their potential energetic applications. C1 [Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU ONR [NOOO14-12-1-0536] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (NOOO14-12-1-0536). We are indebted to Dr Thao T. Vo and Dr Orion Berryman for considerable assistance with crystal structure analysis (NSF CHE-1337908). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 34 BP 7337 EP 7340 DI 10.1039/c5cc01745a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CG0RC UT WOS:000352973400014 PM 25820478 ER PT S AU Keuthan, LM Harrington, RJ Willey, JM AF Keuthan, Lynn M. Harrington, Robert J. Willey, Jefferson M. BE Bouman, CA Sauer, KD TI Image Reconstruction in the Presence of Non-Linear Mixtures Utilizing Wavelet Variable-Dependency Modeling in Compressed Sensing Algorithms SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging XIII CY FEB 10-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Compressed sensing; directional wavelet transforms; overcomplete tight frame; bivariate shrinkage; Gaussian-scale mixtures ID SIGNAL RECOVERY; SCALE MIXTURES; MINIMIZATION; SUBSPACES; GAUSSIANS; SPARSITY; UNION AB In Compressed Sensing (CS) Theory sparse signals can be reconstructed from far fewer measurements than the Nyquist Sampling Limit. Initial Compressed Sensing algorithms implicitly assume that sparsity domain coefficients are independently distributed. Accounting for and exploiting statistical dependencies in sparse signals can improve recovery performance. Wavelets and their theoretical principles, and the structural statistical modeling of dependencies, are applied to improve feature optimization in the presence of non-linear mixtures. Sparsifying Transforms, such as the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), are used for spatial dependencies such as in natural images. This can exploit hierarchical structure and multiscale subbands of frequencies and orientation, exploiting dependencies across and within scales. Bayes Least Squares-Gaussian-scale Mixtures accurately describe statistical dependencies of wavelet coefficients in images, and, therefore, can be incorporated to address dependencies and improve performance. Sparsifying Transforms and Bayes Least Squares-Gaussian-scale Mixtures are incorporated to model and account for dependency characteristics during the coefficient-weight construction of Compressed Sensing algorithm iterations. The resulting accuracy and performance improvements of incorporating wavelets and their theoretical principles, and incorporating the structural and statistical modeling of dependencies, to account for variable-dependencies in image reconstruction algorithms are shown, both quantitatively and qualitatively. C1 [Keuthan, Lynn M.; Harrington, Robert J.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Willey, Jefferson M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keuthan, LM (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-491-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9401 AR 940103 DI 10.1117/12.2083488 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC5AJ UT WOS:000353126600001 ER PT S AU Field, LD Andrasfalvy, BK Galinanes, GL Huber, D Barbic, M Macklin, JJ Susumu, K Delehanty, JB Huston, AL Makara, JK Medintz, IL AF Field, Lauren D. Andrasfalvy, Bertalan K. Galinanes, Gregorio L. Huber, Daniel Barbic, Mladen Macklin, John J. Susumu, Kimihiro Delehanty, James B. Huston, Alan L. Makara, Judit K. Medintz, Igor L. BE Hirschberg, H Madsen, SJ Jansen, ED Luo, Q Mohanty, SK Thakor, NV TI Visualization and Neuronal Cell Targeting During Electrophysiological Recordings Facilitated by Quantum Dots SO Optical Techniques in Neurosurgery, Neurophotonics, and Optogenetics II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Techniques in Neurosurgery, Neurophotonics, and Optogenetics II CY FEB 07-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Plexon Inc AB The simultaneous visualization, identification and targeting of neurons during patch clamp-mediated electrophysiological recordings is a basic technique in neuroscience, yet it is often complicated by the inability to visualize the pipette tip, particularly in deep brain tissue. Here we demonstrate a novel approach in which fluorescent quantum dot probes are used to coat pipettes prior to their use. The strong two-photon absorption cross sections of the quantum dots afford robust contrast at significantly deeper penetration depths than current methods allow. We demonstrate the utility of this technique in multiple recording formats both in vitro and in vivo where imaging of the pipettes is achieved at remarkable depths (up to 800 microns). Notably, minimal perturbation of cellular physiology is observed over the hours-long time course of neuronal recordings. We discuss our results within the context of the role that quantum dot nanoprobes may play in understanding neuronal cell physiology. C1 [Andrasfalvy, Bertalan K.; Makara, Judit K.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, Lendulet Lab Neuronal Signaling, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary. [Galinanes, Gregorio L.; Huber, Daniel] Univ Geneva, CMU, Dept Basic Neurosci, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Barbic, Mladen; Macklin, John J.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Appl Phys & Instrumentat Grp, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Huston, Alan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Field, Lauren D.; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Field, Lauren D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Field, LD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-395-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9305 AR 93050Y DI 10.1117/12.2076934 PG 6 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BC5OE UT WOS:000353410600015 ER PT S AU Carothers, MT Ngo, HT Rakvic, RN Broussard, RP AF Carothers, Matthew T. Ngo, Hau T. Rakvic, Ryan N. Broussard, Randy P. BE Kehtarnavaz, N Carlsohn, MF TI Iris Unwrapping Using the Bresenham Circle Algorithm for Real-Time Iris Recognition SO REAL-TIME IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Real-Time Image and Video Processing CY FEB 10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Iris recognition system; pupil; limbic boundary; polar coordinate transform; Bresenham Circle Algorithm; parallel architecture; FPGA; template matrix AB An efficient parallel architecture design for the iris unwrapping process in a real-time iris recognition system using the Bresenham Circle Algorithm is presented in this paper. Based on the characteristics of the model parameters this algorithm was chosen over the widely used polar conversion technique as the iris unwrapping model. The architecture design is parallelized to increase the throughput of the system and is suitable for processing an inputted image size of 320 x 240 pixels in real-time using Field Programmable Gate Array technology. Quartus software is used to implement, verify, and analyze the design's performance using the VHSIC Hardware Description Language. The system's predicted processing time is faster than the modern iris unwrapping technique used today*. C1 [Carothers, Matthew T.; Ngo, Hau T.; Rakvic, Ryan N.] US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Broussard, Randy P.] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Carothers, MT (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m151026@usna.edu; ngo@usna.edu; rakvic@usna.edu; broussar@usna.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-490-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9400 AR 94000E DI 10.1117/12.2079801 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC5AL UT WOS:000353130100012 ER PT J AU Good, BL Smith, K Merrill, C AF Good, Brandon L. Smith, Kelsey Merrill, Craig TI Validation of C-Band Permittivity of Fresh Water using Periodic Jets SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Focused beam; free space measurements; water permittivity AB This letter presents the results of a free space experiment that validated the Meissner and Wentz model of fresh water permittivity at 13 degrees C in C-Band. The experiment consisted of creating a periodic water jet array inside a focused beam measurement system. The focused beam system measures the radio frequency (RF) response to a finite array of free flowing water jets. The results of the experiment are compared to a one-dimensional Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA) prediction for infinitely periodic cylinders of water. The consistency between the measured and predicted values appears to validate the permittivity of fresh water at 13 degrees C in C-Band as predicted by the Meissner and Wentz model. This method for measuring and predicting the one-dimensional RCWA solver could be used to characterize properties of other liquids. C1 [Good, Brandon L.; Smith, Kelsey; Merrill, Craig] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Good, BL (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM brandon.good@navy.mil; kelsey.m.smith@navy.mil; craig.f.merrill@navy.mil FU Carderock Division under the Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program FX Manuscript received July 01, 2014; revised October 09, 2014; accepted November 25, 2014. Date of publication December 18, 2014; date of current version April 07, 2015. This work was funded by Carderock Division under the Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program, managed by the NSWC Carderock Division Director of Research. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2015 VL 14 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2014.2383836 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF7MA UT WOS:000352739400003 ER PT J AU Madhogaria, S Baggenstoss, PM Schikora, M Koch, W Cremers, D AF Madhogaria, Satish Baggenstoss, Paul M. Schikora, Marek Koch, Wolfgang Cremers, Daniel TI Car Detection by Fusion of HOG and Causal MRF SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID VEHICLE DETECTION; RECOGNITION; CLASSIFIERS; FEATURES AB Detection of cars has a high variety of civil and military applications, e.g., transportation control, traffic monitoring, and surveillance. It forms an important aspect in the deployment of autonomous unmanned aerial systems in rescue or surveillance missions. In this paper, we present a two-stage algorithm for detecting automobiles in aerial digital images. In the first stage, a feature-based detection is performed, based on local histogram of oriented gradients and support vector machine classification. Next, a generative statistical model is used to generate a ranking for each patch. The ranking can be used as a measure of confidence or a threshold to eliminate those patches that are least likely to be an automobile. We analyze the results obtained from three different types of data sets. In various experiments, we present the performance improvement of this approach compared to a discriminative-only approach; the false alarm rate is reduced by a factor of 7 with only a 10% drop in the recall rate. C1 [Madhogaria, Satish; Schikora, Marek; Koch, Wolfgang] Fraunhofer FKIE, Sensor Data & Fus, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany. [Baggenstoss, Paul M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Cremers, Daniel] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Comp Sci, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Madhogaria, S (reprint author), Fraunhofer FKIE, Sensor Data & Fus, Fraunhofer Str 20, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany. EM satish.madhogaria@fkie.fraunhofer.de; paul.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org; marek.schikora@fkie.fraunhofer.de; wolfgang.koch@fkie.fraunhofer.de; daniel.cremer@in.tum.de NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120141 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900045 ER PT J AU Fellows, M Baylis, C Cohen, L Marks, RJ AF Fellows, Matthew Baylis, Charles Cohen, Lawrence Marks, Robert J., II TI Real-Time Load Impedance Optimization for Radar Spectral Mask Compliance and Power Efficiency SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADJACENT-CHANNEL POWER; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; PARETO; ALGORITHM; DESIGN; PULL; RF AB This paper presents a fast optimization algorithm for power amplifiers in radar transmitters based upon a metric designed to assess spectral mask compliance. The search finds the load impedance maximizing the power-added efficiency (PAE) while providing compliance with the assigned spectral mask. Measurement results illustrate consistency in the chosen optimum values of efficiency, while spectral mask requirements are consistently met at the optimum load impedances chosen by the search. This algorithm will allow adaptive radar transmitter amplifiers to quickly adjust their load impedances to change frequency bands of operation, change spectral output properties based on nearby spectrum users, and meet dynamically varying spectral mask requirements. C1 [Fellows, Matthew; Baylis, Charles; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fellows, M (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, One Bear Pl 97356, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Charles_Baylis@Baylor.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1343316] FX This work has been funded under a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award ECCS-1343316). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130825 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CF6XT UT WOS:000352700900046 ER PT J AU Yin, P Zhang, JH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Yin, Ping Zhang, Jiaheng Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic fused triazoles - a promising C-N fused heterocyclic cation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; SALTS; DINITRAMIDE; DERIVATIVES; PYRAZOLES; DNU AB In the field of energetic materials, molecular stability and detonation properties are two key criteria used to evaluate overall performance. In this work, a new family of 3,6,7-triamino-7H-[1,2,4] triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] triazol-2-ium salts is explored as fused azole based energetic materials. These nitrogen-rich salts were fully characterized by elemental analyses, and infrared and multinuclear NMR spectra. Structural confirmation of 6, 8 and 13 was supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational studies associated with heats of formation and detonation performance were performed by using Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs, respectively. Based on experimental and theoretical data, free base 8 and ionic derivatives 7 and 9 show good densities (d, 1.73-1.82 g cm(3)), favourable thermal stabilities (T-d, 199-279 degrees C), excellent detonation performance (P, 25.9-33.9 GPa; v(D), 8580-9090 m s(-1)) and acceptable impact and friction sensitivities (IS, 6-40 J; FS, 160-360 N). C1 [Yin, Ping; Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidhao.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 FU ONR [NOOO14-12-1-0536, N00014-15-WX-0-0149]; DTRA [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034] FX We are grateful to ONR (NOOO14-12-1-0536), ONR (N00014-15-WX-0-0149) and to DTRA (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034) for support of this research. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 16 BP 8606 EP 8612 DI 10.1039/c5ta01329a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CF3ZZ UT WOS:000352489200025 ER PT J AU Trinh, QT Kalisch, S Preusse, P Chun, HY Eckermann, SD Ern, M Riese, M AF Trinh, Q. T. Kalisch, S. Preusse, P. Chun, H. -Y. Eckermann, S. D. Ern, M. Riese, M. TI A comprehensive observational filter for satellite infrared limb sounding of gravity waves SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; DEEP TROPICAL CONVECTION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; DRAG PARAMETERIZATION; SABER EXPERIMENT; CLIMATE MODELS; STRATOSPHERE; RADIANCE AB This paper describes a comprehensive observational filter for satellite infrared limb sounding of gravity waves. The filter considers instrument visibility and observation geometry with a high level of accuracy. It contains four main processes: visibility filter, projection of the wavelength on the tangent-point track, aliasing effect, and calculation of the observed vertical wavelength. The observation geometries of the SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) and HIRDLS (High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder) are mimicked. Gravity waves (GWs) simulated by coupling a convective GW source (CGWS) scheme and the gravity wave regional or global ray tracer (GROGRAT) are used as an example for applying the observational filter. Simulated spectra in terms of horizontal and vertical wave numbers (wavelengths) of gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) are analyzed under the influence of the filter. We find that the most important processes, which have significant influence on the spectrum are the visibility filter (for both SABER and HIRDLS observation geometries) and aliasing for SABER and projection on tangent-point track for HIRDLS. The vertical wavelength distribution is mainly affected by the retrieval as part of the 'visibility filter' process. In addition, the short-horizontal-scale spectrum may be projected for some cases into a longer horizontal wavelength interval which originally was not populated. The filter largely reduces GWMF values of very short horizontal wavelength waves. The implications for interpreting observed data are discussed. C1 [Trinh, Q. T.; Kalisch, S.; Preusse, P.; Ern, M.; Riese, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Chun, H. -Y.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lab Atmospher Dynam, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Eckermann, S. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trinh, QT (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM t.trinh@fz-juelich.de RI Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; OI Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Trinh, Thai/0000-0001-5588-2184 NR 88 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1491 EP 1517 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1491-2015 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300033 ER PT B AU Shao, XY Mueller, A Griffith, C Enyart, G AF Shao, Xiaoyun Mueller, Adam Griffith, Chelsea Enyart, Griffin BE Cimellaro, GP Nagarajaiah, S Kunnath, SK TI A Versatile Hybrid Testing System and Its Application in Developing Hybrid Simulation Methods for NEESR Projects SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SEISMIC PROTECTION, HYBRID TESTING AND RESILIENCE IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING: A TRIBUTE TO THE RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROF. ANDREI REINHORN SE Geotechnical Geological and Earthquake Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Hybrid simulation method in earthquake engineering, which combines physical testing and numerical simulation, was developed to evaluate seismic performance of civil structural systems. Thus, instead of constructing a full sized structural specimen, hybrid simulation allows researchers to build a complex experimental substructure tested experimentally while the relatively simple part of the structure is numerically simulated to economically obtain the full structural responses. Recently a versatile hybrid testing system was built at the Laboratory of Earthquake and Structural Simulation (LESS) at Western Michigan University. The major equipment consists of a seismic simulator (often called shake table), an actuator/reaction system and an advanced hybrid testing controller. Such testing system is capable of conducting various hybrid simulation experiments such as displacement-based pseudodynamic substructure testing as well as force-based real time dynamic hybrid testing. The benchmark scale testing system at LESS is particularly suitable for development of hybrid simulation techniques and earthquake engineering education and outreach activities. The development of this testing system including both hardware and software integration is presented. Example hybrid simulation methods that can be conducted using the developed testing system as well as its applications in the hybrid simulation method development of two NEESR projects are discussed. C1 [Shao, Xiaoyun; Mueller, Adam] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Griffith, Chelsea] Naval Sea Syst Command, Dept Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Enyart, Griffin] City Decatur, Decatur, IL 62523 USA. RP Shao, XY (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM Xiaoyun.shao@wmich.edu; Chelsea.Griffith@navy.mil; griffinenyart@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-06394-2; 978-3-319-06393-5 J9 GEOTECH GEOL EARTHQ PY 2015 VL 33 BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-06394-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-06394-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BC2EC UT WOS:000350769000010 ER PT J AU Oba, RM AF Oba, Roger M. TI MINIMAL SPARSE SAMPLING FOR FOURIER-POLYNOMIAL CHAOS IN ACOUSTIC SCATTERING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE Smolyak algorithm; polynomial chaos; stochastic sparse grid collocation; high-dimensional methods; stochastic partial differential equations; acoustics ID QUADRATURE-RULES; PROPAGATION; UNCERTAINTY; INTEGRATION; SURFACES AB Single frequency acoustic scattering from an uncertain surface (with sinusoidal components) admits an efficient Fourier-polynomial chaos (FPC) expansion of the acoustic field. The expansion coefficients are computed non-intrusively, i.e., by functional sampling from existing acoustic models. The structure of the acoustic decomposition permits sparse selection of FPC orders within the framework of the Smolyak construction. The main result shows a minimal, sparse sampling required to exactly reconstruct FPC expansions of Smolyak form. To this end, this paper defines two concepts: exactly discretizable orthonormal, function systems (EDO); and nested systems created by decimation or "fledging." An EDO generalizes the Nyquist-Shannon sampling conditions (exact recovery of "bandlimited" functions given sufficient sampling) to multidimensional FPC expansions. EDO criteria replace the concept of polynomially exact quadrature. Fledging parallels the idea of sub-sampling for sub-bands, from higher to lower level. The FPC Smolyak construction is an EDO fledged from a full grid EDO. An EDO results exactly when the sampled FPC expansion can be inverted to find its coefficients. EDO fledging requires that the lower level (1) has grid points and expansion orders nested in the higher level, and (2) derives its map from the samples to the coefficients from the higher level map. The theory begins with a single dimension fledged EDO, since a tensor product of fledged EDOs yields a fledged tensor EDO. A sequence of nested EDO levels fledge recursively from the largest EDO. The Smolyak construction uses telescoping sums of tensor products up to a maximum level to develop nested EDO systems for sparse grids and orders. The Smolyak construction transform gives exactly the inverse of the weighted evaluation map, and that inverse has a condition number that expresses the numerical limitations of the Smolyak construction. C1 Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oba, RM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roger.oba@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2015010084 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CF6YB UT WOS:000352701700001 ER PT J AU Beasley, CA Sassin, MB Long, JW AF Beasley, Christopher A. Sassin, Megan B. Long, Jeffrey W. TI Extending Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques to Macroscale Electrodes: Insights on Pseudocapacitance Mechanisms in MnOx-Coated Carbon Nanofoams SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM; ENERGY-STORAGE; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; NANOSCALE MNO2; SUPERCAPACITORS; OXIDE; CAPACITORS; NANOARCHITECTURES; PERFORMANCE AB Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of MnOx-coated carbon nanofoams reveal that charge-compensation mechanisms associated with MnOx pseudocapacitance in mild aqueous electrolytes are dominated by anion insertion rather than more commonly reported cation ejection. Specific charge-compensation behavior depends on such factors as electrolyte composition, nanofoam pore size, and polarization amplitude. For example, MnOx carbon nanofoams with average pore sizes of 5-20 nm, cycled in 2.5 M LiNO3, reveal a kinetically-hindered, mixed anion-cation charge-compensation mechanism, whereas the same nanofoam cycled in 2.5 M NaNO3 shows only anion association. Nanofoams with larger pores (10-200 nm) that are cycled in 2.5 M LiNO3, reveal anion-only charge compensation. Our results demonstrate that critical new insights on charge-storage mechanisms are achieved using EQCM methods, even when analyzing practical, macroscale electrodes such as carbon nanofoams. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Beasley, Christopher A.] Gamry Instruments, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Sassin, Megan B.; Long, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beasley, CA (reprint author), Gamry Instruments, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. EM cbeasley@gamry.com FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX We thank Dr. Debra Rolison (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC) for providing valuable feedback in the preparation of this manuscript. J.W.L. and M.B.S acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 5 BP A5060 EP A5064 DI 10.1149/2.0091505jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CE6VL UT WOS:000351976200011 ER PT J AU Brousse, T Belanger, D Long, JW AF Brousse, Thierry Belanger, Daniel Long, Jeffrey W. TI To Be or Not To Be Pseudocapacitive? SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; CHARGE STORAGE; OXIDE-FILMS; ACTIVATED CARBON; MANGANESE OXIDE; RUO2 ELECTRODES; ENERGY-STORAGE; SUPERCAPACITORS; PERFORMANCE AB There are an increasing number of studies regarding active electrode materials that undergo faradaic reactions but are used for electrochemical capacitor applications. Unfortunately, some of these materials are described as "pseudocapacitive" materials despite the fact that their electrochemical signature (e.g., cyclic voltarnmogram and charge/discharge curve) is analogous to that of a "battery" material, as commonly observed for Ni(OH)(2) and cobalt oxides in KOH electrolyte. Conversely, true pseudocapacitive electrode materials such as MnO2 display electrochemical behavior typical of that observed for a capacitive carbon electrode. The difference between these two classes of materials will be explained, and we demonstrate why it is inappropriate to describe nickel oxide or hydroxide and cobalt oxide/hydroxide as pseudocapacitive electrode materials. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commerdial reuse; distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Brousse, Thierry] Univ Nantes, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Brousse, Thierry] CNRS, Reseau Stockage Electrochim Energi RS2E, FR 3459, F-75700 Paris, France. [Belanger, Daniel] Univ Quebec, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Long, Jeffrey W.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brousse, T (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. EM Thierry.brousse@univ-nantes.fr NR 43 TC 238 Z9 238 U1 46 U2 152 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 5 BP A5185 EP A5189 DI 10.1149/2.0201505jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CE6VL UT WOS:000351976200026 ER PT J AU Long, JW Brousse, T Belanger, D AF Long, Jeffrey W. Brousse, Thierry Belanger, Daniel TI Electrochemical Capacitors: Fundamentals to Applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.] US Naval Res Lab, Sulface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brousse, Thierry] Univ Nantes, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, CNRS, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Belanger, Daniel] Univ Quebec, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. RP Long, JW (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Sulface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; thierry.brousse@univ-nantes.fr; belanger.daniel@uqam.ca NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 5 BP Y3 EP Y3 DI 10.1149/2.0261505jes PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CE6VL UT WOS:000351976200001 ER PT J AU Mcrae, RHD Sharples, JJ Fromm, M AF Mcrae, R. H. D. Sharples, J. J. Fromm, M. TI Linking local wildfire dynamics to pyroCb development SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; FIRE; STRATOSPHERE; PYROCUMULONIMBUS; AUSTRALIA; MODEL AB Extreme wildfires are global phenomena that consistently result in loss of life and property and further impact the cultural, economic and political stability of communities. In their most severe form they cause widespread devastation of environmental assets and are capable of impacting the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere through the formation of a thunderstorm within the plume. Such fires are now often observed by a range of remote-sensing technologies, which together allow a greater understanding of a fire's complex dynamics. This paper considers one such fire that burnt in the Blue Mountains region of Australia in late November 2006, which is known to have generated significant pyrocumulonimbus clouds in a series of blow-up events. Observations of this fire are analysed in detail to investigate the localised processes contributing to extreme fire development. In particular, it has been possible to demonstrate for the first time that the most violent instances of pyroconvection were driven by, and not just associated with, atypical local fire dynamics, especially the fire channelling phenomenon, which arises due to an interaction between an active fire, local terrain attributes and critical fire weather and causes the fire to rapidly transition from a frontal to an areal burning pattern. The impacts of local variations in fire weather and of the atmospheric profile are also discussed, and the ability to predict extreme fire development with state-of-the-art tools is explored. C1 [Mcrae, R. H. D.] Australian Capital Terr Emergency Serv Agcy, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Sharples, J. J.] Univ New S Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Fromm, M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Mcrae, RHD (reprint author), Australian Capital Terr Emergency Serv Agcy, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM rick.mcrae@act.gov.au NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.5194/nhess-15-417-2015 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CE9JT UT WOS:000352160900005 ER PT J AU Liu, X Queen, DR Metcalf, TH Karel, JE Hellman, F AF Liu, X. Queen, D. R. Metcalf, T. H. Karel, J. E. Hellman, F. TI AMORPHOUS DIELECTRIC THIN FILMS WITH EXTREMELY LOW MECHANICAL LOSS SO ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Internal friction; amorphous silicon; elastic modulus; speed of sound; tunneling systems ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; TUNNELING STATES; SOLIDS; SILICON; GLASSES; MODEL AB The ubiquitous low-energy excitations are one of the universal phenomena of amorphous solids. These excitations dominate the acoustic, dielectric, and thermal properties of structurally disordered solids. One exception has been a type of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with 1 at.% H. Using low temperature elastic and thermal measurements of electron-beam evaporated amorphous silicon (a-Si), we show that TLS can be eliminated in this system as the films become denser and more structurally ordered under certain deposition conditions. Our results demonstrate that TLS are not intrinsic to the glassy state but instead reside in low density regions of the amorphous network. This work obviates the role hydrogen was previously thought to play in removing TLS in a-Si:H and favors an ideal four-fold covalently bonded amorphous structure as the cause for the disappearance of TLS. Our result supports the notion that a-Si can be made a "perfect glass" with "crystal-like" properties, thus offering an encouraging opportunity to use it as a simple crystal dielectric alternative in applications, such as in modern quantum devices where TLS are the source of dissipation, decoherence and 1/f noise. C1 [Liu, X.; Metcalf, T. H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Queen, D. R.] NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Karel, J. E.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, CODE 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karel, Julie/J-5305-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [DMR-0907724]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NSF DMR-0907724. Film growth was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST METALL & MATER SCI PAS PI WARSZAWA PA PL, 00-901 WARSZAWA, POLAND SN 1733-3490 EI 2300-1909 J9 ARCH METALL MATER JI Arch. Metall. Mater. PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1515/amm-2015-0059 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CE9CV UT WOS:000352142100058 ER PT J AU Breger, JC Walper, SA Oh, E Susumu, K Stewart, MH Deschamps, JR Medintz, IL AF Breger, Joyce C. Walper, Scott A. Oh, Eunkeu Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Medintz, Igor L. TI Quantum dot display enhances activity of a phosphotriesterase trimer SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL COLLAGEN; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; BIOCATALYSIS; RESONANCE; POLYMERS; LIGANDS; ENZYMES; AGENTS AB Phosphotriesterase was engineered into a spontaneously forming trimer by appending it to a synthetic collagen-like triple-helix motif. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the insecticide and organophosphate nerve agent simulant paraoxon was then examined. Assembling the phosphotriesterase trimer onto semiconductor quantum dots increased the enzyme's catalytic rate and efficiency. C1 [Breger, Joyce C.; Walper, Scott A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Breger, Joyce C.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU DTRA; NRL NSI FX We acknowledge support from DTRA and the NRL NSI. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 29 BP 6403 EP 6406 DI 10.1039/c5cc00418g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CE5BA UT WOS:000351843500035 PM 25764989 ER PT J AU Babich, YV Feigelson, BN Chepurov, AI AF Babich, Yuri V. Feigelson, Boris N. Chepurov, Anatoly I. TI Stages of the temperature gradient growth of HPHT diamonds SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article DE High pressure; Diamond; Growth ID CRYSTALS; RATES AB The investigation of crystal dynamics during HPHT diamond growth by conventional temperature gradient method in closed metal-carbon system revealed two main stages. The initial A-stage demonstrates an increase in the mass growth rate of the crystal, and the next B-stage is characterized by its stabilization near the maximum reached level. The first A-stage is assumed to be controlled by the rate of convective transport of carbon. The dissolution of carbon source is supposed as a rate-controlling step for diamond growth during the second B-stage. C1 [Babich, Yuri V.; Chepurov, Anatoly I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Feigelson, Boris N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Babich, YV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Pr Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM babich@igm.nsc.ru RI Babich, Yuri/A-5655-2014; Chepurov, Anatoli/A-6730-2014 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 EI 1472-3441 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA CE8VQ UT WOS:000352122600002 ER PT J AU Ioup, E Yang, Z Barre, B Sample, J Shaw, KB Abdelguerfi, M AF Ioup, Elias Yang, Zhao Barre, Brent Sample, John Shaw, Kevin B. Abdelguerfi, Mahdi TI Annotating Uncertainty in Geospatial and Environmental Data SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB The Geography Markup Language (GML) - the existing standard for encoding geospatial data - has no mechanism for annotating such data with uncertainty. To address this issue while supporting the geospatial community's existing data and service standards, the authors extend GML to enable uncertainty markup. They demonstrate this extension's use with some common geospatial data types and Web services. The result is a robust capability to share error information while maintaining compatibility with existing geospatial data clients. C1 [Ioup, Elias; Barre, Brent; Sample, John] US Naval Res Lab, Geospatial Comp Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Zhao; Abdelguerfi, Mahdi] Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Shaw, Kevin B.] US Naval Res Lab, Off Geospatial Sci & Technol Innovat, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Ioup, E (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Geospatial Comp Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elias.ioup@nrlssc.navy.mil; zyand1@uno.edu; brent.barre@nrlssc.navy.mil; john.sample@nrlssc.navy.mil; kevin.shaw@nrlssc.navy.mil; mabdelgu@uno.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 EI 1941-0131 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 19 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CE4AG UT WOS:000351771900003 ER PT J AU Hetro, A Rossetto, J Bahlawan, N Ryan, M AF Hetro, Ashley Rossetto, Janel Bahlawan, Nahed Ryan, Margaret TI Clinical pharmacists supporting patients with diabetes and/or hyperlipidemia in a military medical home SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGE; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacists embedded in primary care at a military facility by reviewing laboratory assessments following pharmacist management of referred patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Electronic medical records of patients who were referred to clinical pharmacists for control of diabetes and/or hyperlipidemia were reviewed for those with at least two encounters during a 6-month period with baseline and follow-up laboratory assessments. As appropriate to patient diagnoses, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides (TGs), and body mass index (BMI) were included in assessments. Paired t tests were used to determine the statistical significance of mean changes between the beginning and end of the 6-month period. Results: In the cohort of patients with diabetes (n = 46), mean A1C decrease over 6 months was 0.9 points (P = 0.004). In the cohort of patients with hyperlipidemia (n = 15), mean LDL-C decrease was 20 mg/dL (P = 0.004). Changes in mean LDL-C, TGs, and BMIs were observed in each group but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although small sample sizes limited statistical power in this analysis, results suggest that referral of ambulatory patients to a clinical pharmacist in a military medical home for diabetes and/or hyperlipidemia improved care management. C1 [Hetro, Ashley] Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Rossetto, Janel] Naval Hosp, Dept Pharm, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Bahlawan, Nahed] Naval Hosp, Pharm Residency Program, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. [Ryan, Margaret] Naval Hosp, Clin Invest Program, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Hetro, A (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM Ashley.hetro@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 EI 1544-3450 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 55 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1331/JAPhA.2015.14103 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CE7IN UT WOS:000352012700016 PM 25539358 ER PT B AU Bradford, JC AF Bradford, James C. BE Thompson, AS Frentzos, CG TI THE WAR OF 1812 1812-1815 SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC HISTORY: THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO 1877 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bradford, James C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bradford, JC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Air War Coll, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81734-7; 978-0-415-53380-5 PY 2015 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC History SC History GA BB9SG UT WOS:000348591300021 ER PT B AU Schroeder, JH AF Schroeder, John H. BE Thompson, AS Frentzos, CG TI COMMODORE MATTHEW C. PERRY AND JAPAN SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN MILITARY AND DIPLOMATIC HISTORY: THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO 1877 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schroeder, John H.] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Schroeder, John H.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schroeder, JH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-81734-7; 978-0-415-53380-5 PY 2015 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC History SC History GA BB9SG UT WOS:000348591300030 ER PT J AU Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Cuenca, RH Hagimoto, Y AF Boyd, T. J. Montgomery, M. T. Cuenca, R. H. Hagimoto, Y. TI Combined radiocarbon and CO2 flux measurements used to determine in situ chlorinated solvent mineralization rate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID VADOSE ZONE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; BIODEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; PERFORMANCE AB A series of combined measurements was made at the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) Installation Restoration Site 5, Unit 2 during July and August 2013. Combined measurements included CO2 respiration rate, CO2 radiocarbon content to estimate chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) mineralization and a zone of influence (ZOI) model. CO2 was collected continuously over 2 two-week periods by recirculating monitoring well headspace gas through NaOH traps. A series of 12 wells in the main CH plume zone and a background well with no known historical contamination were sampled. The background well CO2 was used to determine radiocarbon content derived from respired natural organic matter. A two end-member mixing model was then used to determine the amount of CH-derived carbon present in the CO2 collected from plume region wells. The ZOI model provided an estimate for the soil volume sampled at each well. CH mineralization rates were highest upgradient and at the plume fringe for areas of high historical contamination and ranged from 0.02 to 5.6 mg CH carbon per day. Using the ZOI model volume estimates, CH-carbon removal ranged from 0.2 to 32 mg CH-carbon m(-3) per day. Because the rate estimates were based on a limited sampling (temporally), they were not further extrapolated to long-term contaminant degradation estimates. However, if the site manager or regulators required them, estimates - subject to long-term variability uncertainties - could be made using volume and rate data determined over short timescales. A more comprehensive seasonal sampling is needed to constrain long-term remediation models for the entire impacted area and identify environmental conditions related to more rapid turnover times amongst the wells. C1 [Boyd, T. J.; Montgomery, M. T.] US Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cuenca, R. H.; Hagimoto, Y.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.boyd@nrl.navy.mil; Richard.Cuenca@oregonstate.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-2338] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP ER-2338; Andrea Leeson, Program Manager). Michael Pound, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest provided logistical and site support for the project. Brian White, Erika Thompson and Richard Wong (CBI Federal Services, Inc) provided on-site logistical support, historical site perspective and relevant reports. Todd Wiedemeier (T. H. Wiedemeier & Associates) provided documentation, discussion and historical site perspectives. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 BP 683 EP 692 DI 10.1039/c4em00514g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD9TM UT WOS:000351441300019 PM 25686305 ER PT J AU Solomon, N AF Solomon, Nathan TI "Only God Can Judge Me": Faith, Trauma, and Combat SO INTERPRETATION-A JOURNAL OF BIBLE AND THEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trauma; Combat; Chaplaincy; Veterans; Liminality; Pastoral Care; PTSD AB The particular trauma of combat is a special subset of trauma for those who experience it (the Sent), those who call for it (the Senders), and those who minister in the midst of it (the Liminals). The trauma experiences of veterans are a unique opportunity for the church to embrace its own liminal calling. C1 US Navy, Chaplain Corps, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Solomon, N (reprint author), US Navy, Chaplain Corps, Washington, DC 20374 USA. EM wnsolomon@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0020-9643 EI 2159-340X J9 INTERPRETATION JI Interpretation-J. Bible Theol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1177/0020964314552631 PG 13 WC Religion SC Religion GA CD7VH UT WOS:000351302300005 ER PT J AU Koul, M AF Koul, Michelle TI The effect of zinc-rich epoxy coatings on the corrosion and cracking resistance of armored military vehicles SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Koul, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM koul@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CD6JD UT WOS:000351194500006 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Nai, K Liu, S Rabin, RM Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Nai, Kang Liu, Shun Rabin, Robert M. Zhao, Qingyun TI A Radar Wind Analysis System for Nowcast Applications SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D; ERROR AB A radar wind analysis system (RWAS) has been developed for nowcast applications. By ingesting real-time wind observations from operational WSR-88D radars and surface mesonet, this system can produce and display real-time vector winds at each selected vertical level or on each conical surface of radar scans superimposed on radar reflectivity or radial-velocity images. An early version of the system has been evaluated and used to provide real-time winds to drive high-resolution emergency response dispersion models. This paper presents the detailed formulations of background error correlation functions used in each of the three steps of vectorwind analysis performed in the RWAS and the method of solution used in each step of vectorwind analysis. The performances of the RWAS are demonstrated by illustrative examples. C1 [Xu, Qin; Nai, Kang; Rabin, Robert M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li; Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Shun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Shun] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Qingyun] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141410281]; DOC/NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Jidong Gao of NSSL and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. This research was supported by the ONR Grant N000141410281 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided by DOC/NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1227. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 264515 DI 10.1155/2015/264515 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD4PS UT WOS:000351066500001 ER PT J AU Goddi, C Henkel, C Zhang, Q Zapata, L Wilson, TL AF Goddi, C. Henkel, C. Zhang, Q. Zapata, L. Wilson, T. L. TI Hot ammonia around young O-type stars II. JVLA imaging of highly excited metastable NH3 masers in W51-North SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE masers; stars: formation; ISM: molecules; radio lines: ISM; ISM: individual objects: W51; ISM: clouds ID W51 MASSIVE CORES; FORMING REGIONS; NONMETASTABLE AMMONIA; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE; SOURCE I; EMISSION; RESOLUTION; AU; VARIABILITY AB Context. This paper is the second in a series of ammonia (NH3) multilevel imaging studies in high-mass star forming regions. Aims. We want to identify the location of the maser emission from highly excited levels of ammonia within the W51 IRS2 high-mass star forming complex that was previously discovered in a single dish monitoring program. Methods. We have used the Karl Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) at the 1 cm band to map five highly excited metastable inversion transitions of NH3, (J, K) = (6, 6), (7, 7), (9, 9), (10, 10), and (13, 13), in W51 IRS2 with similar to 0.'' 2 angular resolution. Results. We present detections of both thermal (extended) ammonia emission in the five inversion lines, with rotational states ranging in energy from about 400 K to 1700 K, and point-like ammonia maser emission in the (6, 6), (7, 7), and (9, 9) lines. For the point-like emission, we estimate lower limits to the peak brightness temperatures of 1.7 x 10(5) K, 6 x 10(3) K, and 1 x 10(4) K for the (6, 6), (7, 7), and (9, 9) transitions, respectively, confirming their maser nature. The thermal ammonia emits around a local standard of rest velocity of V-LSR = 60 km s(-1), near the cloud's systemic velocity, appears elongated in the east-west direction across 4 '' and is confined by the HII regions W51d (to the north), W51d1 (to the east), and W51d2 (to the west). The NH3 masers are observed in the eastern tip of the dense clump traced by thermal NH3, offset by 0.'' 65 to the east from its emission peak, and have a peak velocity at similar to 47.5 km s(-1). No maser components are detected near the systemic velocity. The NH3 masers arise close to but separated from (0.'' 65 or 3500 AU) the rare vibrationally excited SiO masers, which are excited in a powerful bipolar outflow driven by the deeply embedded high-mass young stellar object (YSO) W51-North. This means that the two maser species cannot be excited by the same object. Interestingly, the NH3 masers originate at the same sky position as a peak in a submm line of SO2 imaged with the Submillimeter Array, tracing a face-on circumstellar disk or ring around W51-North. In addition, the thermal emission from the most highly excited NH3 lines, (10, 10) and (13, 13), shows two main condensations, the dominant one towards W51-North with the SiO and H2O masers, and a weaker peak at the NH3 maser position. Conclusions. We propose a scenario where the ring seen in SO2 emission is a circumbinary disk surrounding (at least) two high-mass YSOs, W51-North (exciting the SiO masers) and a nearby companion (exciting the NH3 masers), separated by 3500 AU. This finding indicates a physical connection (in a binary) between the two rare SiO and NH3 maser species. C1 [Goddi, C.] Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Henkel, C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Henkel, C.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Astron, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zapata, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Mexico City 58089, DF, Mexico. [Wilson, T. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goddi, C (reprint author), Joint Inst VLBI Europe, Postbox 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. EM goddi@jive.nl NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A109 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424696 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CD1AM UT WOS:000350806000029 ER PT J AU Schmied, EA Padilla, GA Thomsen, CJ Lauby, MDH Harris, E Taylor, MK AF Schmied, Emily A. Padilla, Genieleah A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller Harris, Erica Taylor, Marcus K. TI Sex differences in coping strategies in military survival school SO JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Coping; Military; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Sex differences ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH DIAGNOSES; CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; AFGHANISTAN VETERANS; WAR VETERANS; EMOTION REGULATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; RISK-FACTORS AB A wealth of research has examined psychological responses to trauma among male military service members, but few studies have examined sex differences in response to trauma, such as coping strategies. This study assessed coping strategies used by male and female U.S. service members completing an intensely stressful mock-captivity exercise, compared strategies by sex, and assessed the relationship between coping and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Two hundred service members (78% male) completed self-report surveys before and after mock captivity. Surveys assessed demographics, service characteristics, PTSS, and coping strategies used during mock captivity. Participants used seven coping strategies: denial, self-blame, religion, self-distraction, behavioral disengagement, positive reframing, and planning. Women used denial (p <= .05), self-blame (p <= .05), and positive reinterpretation (p <= .05) strategies more frequently than men, and they had higher PTSS levels following the exercise. Structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between sex and PTSS was fully Mediated by coping strategies. The results of this study suggest that reducing the use of maladaptive coping strategies may mitigate PTSS among females. Future efforts should target improving coping during highly stressful and traumatic experiences. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmied, Emily A.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Harris, Erica; Taylor, Marcus K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller] Naval Special Warfare, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. RP Schmied, EA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6185 EI 1873-7897 J9 J ANXIETY DISORD JI J. Anxiety Disord. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 29 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.10.005 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA CC3RC UT WOS:000350265700003 PM 25465883 ER PT S AU Kim, M Kim, CS Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Canedy, C. L. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Interband Cascade Lasers with High CW Power and Brightness SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; cw output power; wallplug efficiency; high efficiency AB We report corrugated narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers emitting at lambda approximate to 3.5 mu m that have been fabricated using CH4/Cl-2- and BCl3-based inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch processes, with largely similar results from both types of etches. The highest brightness figure of merit was obtained at intermediate ridge width (28 mu m), for which the maximum cw output power at T = 25 degrees C was 522 mW and the corresponding wallplug efficiency and beam quality factor were 10.3% and M-2 = 3.1, respectively. The high output power may be attributed to a 7-stage design that employs thicker separate confinement layers for lower internal loss. C1 [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Canedy, C. L.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM MWIR_lasers@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-460-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9370 AR 937029 DI 10.1117/12.2081929 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NA UT WOS:000350275500060 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, Jon T. Sasao, Tsutomu TI High-Speed Hardware Partition Generation SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Design; Algorithms; Performance; Reconfigurable computer; set partition; integer partition; index to partition generator; combinatorial objects; partition tree; partition diagram ID ALGORITHMS AB We demonstrate circuits that generate set and integer partitions on a set S of n objects at a rate of one per clock. Partitions are ways to group elements of a set together and have been extensively studied by researchers in algorithm design and theory. We offer two versions of a hardware set partition generator. In the first, partitions are produced in lexicographical order in response to successive clock pulses. In the second, an index input determines the set partition produced. Such circuits are useful in the hardware implementation of the optimum distribution of tasks to processors. We show circuits for integer partitions as well. Our circuits are combinational. For large n, they can have a large delay. However, one can easily pipeline them to produce one partition per clock period. We show (1) analytical and (2) experimental time/complexity results that quantify the efficiency of our designs. For example, our results show that a hardware set partition generator running on a 100MHz FPGA produces partitions at a rate that is approximately 10 times the rate of a software implementation on a processor running at 2.26GHz. C1 [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Meiji Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148571, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jon_butler@msn.com; sasao@cs.meiji.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX This research is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This article is an extended version of Butler and Sasao [2013b]. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1936-7406 EI 1936-7414 J9 ACM T RECONFIG TECHN JI ACM T. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 AR 28 DI 10.1145/2629472 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA CC7EG UT WOS:000350529900001 ER PT J AU Slokar, T Lopez-Mariscal, C Krek, JL Stukelj, R Zupanc, O Kralj-Iglic, V AF Slokar, Tanja Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos Krek, Judita Lea Stukelj, Roman Zupanc, Oskar Kralj-Iglic, Veronika TI Effect of Lidocaine and Epinephrine on Human Erythrocyte Shape and Vesiculability of Blood Cells SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLATELET-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES; EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MECHANISM; MICROVESICLES; COMMUNICATION; STABILITY; ACTIVATION; GENERATION; COMPONENTS AB The effect of local anesthetic composed of lidocaine and epinephrine on vesiculability of blood cells and erythrocyte shape was studied. Whole blood and plasma were incubated with lidocaine/epinephrine. Extracellular vesicles were isolated by centrifugation and washing and counted by flow cytometry. Lidocaine/epinephrine and each component alone were added to diluted blood. Shape changes were recorded by micrographs. An ensemble of captured frames was analyzed for populations of discocytes, echinocytes, and stomatocytes by using statistical methods. Incubation of whole blood and blood plasma with lidocaine/epinephrine considerably increased concentration of extracellular vesicles in isolates (for an average factor 3.4 in blood and 2.8 in plasma). Lidocaine/epinephrine caused change of erythrocyte shape from mainly discocytic to mainly stomatocytic (higher than 50%). Lidocaine alone had even stronger stomatocytic effect (the percent of stomatocytes was higher than 95%) while epinephrine had echinocytic effect (the percent of echinocytes was higher than 80%). The differences were highly statistically significant (p < 10(-8)) with statistical power P = 1. Lidocaine/epinephrine induced regions of highly anisotropically curved regions indicating that lidocaine and epinephrine interact with erythrocyte membrane. It was concluded that lidocaine/epinephrine interacts with cell membranes and increases vesiculability of blood cells in vitro. C1 [Slokar, Tanja; Zupanc, Oskar] Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos; Krek, Judita Lea; Stukelj, Roman; Kralj-Iglic, Veronika] Univ Ljubljana, Lab Clin Biophys, Fac Hlth Sci, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kralj-Iglic, V (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Lab Clin Biophys, Fac Hlth Sci, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM veronika.kralj-iglic@fe.uni-lj.si FU ARRS [J1-6728, J3-5499, P3-0388] FX The authors are thankful for support from ARRS Grants J1-6728, J3-5499, and P3-0388. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 EI 1687-8124 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2015 AR 870602 DI 10.1155/2015/870602 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CC2DD UT WOS:000350154400001 ER PT S AU Bhunia, AK Taitt, CR Kim, MS AF Bhunia, A. K. Taitt, C. R. Kim, M. S. BE Bhunia, AK Kim, MS Taitt, CR TI High throughput screening strategies and technology platforms for detection of pathogens: an introduction SO HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING FOR FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT: BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; ENRICHMENT CULTIVATION; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; OUTBREAK; FOOD; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS C1 [Bhunia, A. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Taitt, C. R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Kim, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Bhunia, AK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-807-8; 978-0-85709-801-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2015 IS 262 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/B978-0-85709-801-6.00001-0 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BC0DI UT WOS:000348925600001 ER PT S AU Taitt, CR North, SH AF Taitt, C. R. North, S. H. BE Bhunia, AK Kim, MS Taitt, CR TI Flow cytometry and pathogen screening in foods SO HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING FOR FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT: BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; THROUGHPUT SUSPENSION ARRAY; RAPID DETECTION; GROUND-BEEF; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS C1 [Taitt, C. R.; North, S. H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-807-8; 978-0-85709-801-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2015 IS 262 BP 195 EP 218 DI 10.1016/B978-0-85709-801-6.00008-3 PG 24 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BC0DI UT WOS:000348925600008 ER PT S AU Taitt, CR North, SH AF Taitt, C. R. North, S. H. BE Bhunia, AK Kim, MS Taitt, CR TI Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) array biosensors for biothreat agents for food safety and food defense SO HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING FOR FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT: BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; CRYSTAL ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; WAVE-GUIDE BIOSENSOR; RAPID DETECTION; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES C1 [Taitt, C. R.; North, S. H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 144 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-807-8; 978-0-85709-801-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2015 IS 262 BP 399 EP 424 DI 10.1016/B978-0-85709-801-6.00017-4 PG 26 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BC0DI UT WOS:000348925600017 ER PT J AU Frank, D Foster, D Sou, IM Calantoni, J Chou, P AF Frank, Donya Foster, Diane Sou, In Mei Calantoni, Joseph Chou, Pai TI Lagrangian measurements of incipient motion in oscillatory flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE incipient motion; wave bottom boundary layer; Smart Sediment Grains; sediment transport; nearshore processes ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHEET FLOW; WAVES; SHELF AB Incipient motion of coarse gravel-sized sediment was investigated under a range of oscillatory flows. This article examines the relative significance of shear stresses and pressure gradients in triggering motion, which was directly measured with electronic Smart Sediment Grains (SSGs). The data suggest that incipient motion was induced by the pressure gradients in flows with large accelerations, by the shear stresses in flows with low accelerations and greater shear, and by the combined effects in intermediate flows. A modified incipient motion criterion was evaluated accounting for the combined effects of the shear stresses and pressure gradients, which may be more widely applicable in the marine environment. C1 [Frank, Donya] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Foster, Diane] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sou, In Mei] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Calantoni, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Chou, Pai] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA USA. EM donya.frank.ctr.jm@nrlssc.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0933409, CBET-0933694]; Dissertation Year Fellowship from the University of New Hampshire Graduate School; National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan) [100-EC-17-A-04-S1-044] FX This work was sponsored (in part) by the National Science Foundation under grants CBET-0933409 and CBET-0933694. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Donya Frank was partially supported by a Dissertation Year Fellowship from the University of New Hampshire Graduate School, and this work was conducted as a part of her Ph.D. studies. In Mei Sou was supported as a postdoctoral fellow through the National Research Council Research Associateship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. Joseph Calantoni was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to acknowledge NRL staff members Timothy Kooney, Julian Simeonov, and David Dobson, as well as UNH graduate student Emily Carlson for their assistance with data collection and processing during the experiment. Yu-Min Kao, who helped to develop the SSG electronics, was supported by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan) grant 100-EC-17-A-04-S1-044. The authors are unable to host the data publicly at this time due to privacy and security concerns. Moreover, the data used to produce these results were collected with Particle Image Velocimetry techniques, which produce very large data sets and require several weeks to process with proprietary software. The authors would be willing to collaborate on an individual basis but are unable to make the data publicly available at this time. Anyone wishing to collaborate should contact the corresponding author to arrange direct data transfer. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1002/2014JC010183 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CB8OP UT WOS:000349890000015 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Tylka, AJ Dennis, BR Ryan, JM AF Share, Gerald H. Murphy, Ronald J. Tylka, Allan J. Dennis, Brian R. Ryan, James M. TI Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar neutrons; solar energetic particles; solar flares ID GAMMA-RAY LINES; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; SOLAR; FLARE; SPECTROMETER; SPACECRAFT; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; STEREO; FNIT AB Low-energy (1-10 MeV) neutrons emanating from the Sun provide unique information about accelerated ions with steep energy spectra that may be produced in weak solar flares. However, observation of these solar neutrons can only be made in the inner heliosphere where measurement is difficult due to high background rates from neutrons produced by energetic ions interacting in the spacecraft. These ions can be from solar energetic particle events or produced in passing shocks associated with fast coronal mass ejections. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that investigators rule out these secondary neutrons before making claims about detecting neutrons from the Sun. The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) neutron spectrometer recorded an hour-long neutron transient beginning at 15:45 UTC on 4 June 2011 for which Lawrence et al. (2014) claim there is strong evidence that the neutrons were produced by the interaction of ions in the solar atmosphere. We studied this event in detail using data from the MESSENGER neutron spectrometer, gamma ray spectrometer, X-ray Spectrometer, and Energetic Particle Spectrometer and from the particle spectrometers on STEREO A. We demonstrate that the transient neutrons were secondaries produced by energetic ions, probably accelerated by a passing shock, that interacted in the spacecraft. We also identify significant faults with the authors' arguments in favor of a solar neutron origin for the transient. C1 [Share, Gerald H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murphy, Ronald J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DE USA. [Tylka, Allan J.; Dennis, Brian R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM share@astro.umd.edu FU NSF/SHINE [1156092] FX We thank Anne K. Tolbert for assistance in accessing and plotting MESSENGER XRS data and Richard Starr (richard.d.starr@nasa.gov) for explaining how to access these data and the characteristics of the XRS instrument. All of the other data used in this paper either came from Lawrence et al. [2014] or open sources such as the STEREO data center. This work was funded in part by NSF/SHINE grant 1156092 and by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1002/2014JA020663 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300001 ER PT J AU Grach, SM Sergeev, EN Mishin, EV Shindin, AV McCarrick, M AF Grach, S. M. Sergeev, E. N. Mishin, E. V. Shindin, A. V. McCarrick, M. TI Intermediate downshifted maximum of stimulated electromagnetic emission at high-power HF heating: A new twist on an old problem SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stimulated electromagnetic emissions; HF heating experiments ID PUMP WAVE FREQUENCY; LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; SPECTRAL FEATURES; IONOSPHERE AB We report a new spectral feature of Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) from the F region ionosphere observed during high-power HF heating experiments at the SURA and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program heating facilities. It is located in the SEE spectrum between the pump wave frequency f(0) and the well-known Downshifted Maximum and thus named the Intermediate Downshifted Maximum (IDM). IDM appears at effective radiated powers (ERP) P(0)30MW and the pump frequencies above electron gyroharmonics, f0-sfce50 (up to 250)kHz (s = 2, 3, 4). It mirrors the well-known Upshifted Maximum (UM) relative to f(0). The salient stationary and dynamic properties of IDM are described and discussed. C1 [Grach, S. M.; Sergeev, E. N.; Shindin, A. V.] Lobachevsky State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Natl Res Univ, Niznny Novgorod, Russia. [Sergeev, E. N.] Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Mishin, E. V.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McCarrick, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Evgeny.Mishin@us.af.mil RI Shindin, Alexey/R-8728-2016; OI Shindin, Alexey/0000-0003-1242-5666; Grach, Savely/0000-0003-1726-4793 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-02-00513, 13-02-12074]; Russian Scientific Foundation [14 12 00706]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX S.M.G., E.N.S., and A.V.S. were supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects 12-02-00513, 13-02-12074 (Introduction and Experimental results) and Russian Scientific Foundation (project 14 12 00706 (Discussion and Summary)). E.V.M. was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The HAARP facility operation was provided by U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. Data can be requested from S. Grach (email: sgrach@rf.unn.ru). NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1002/2014JA020423 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300043 ER PT J AU Ratchford, D Yeom, J Long, JP Pehrsson, PE AF Ratchford, Daniel Yeom, Junghoon Long, James P. Pehrsson, Pehr. E. TI Influence of inhomogeneous porosity on silicon nanowire Raman enhancement and leaky mode modulated photoluminescence SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; SI NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; SCATTERING; GERMANIUM AB Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) offers an inexpensive, massively parallel fabrication process for producing silicon nanowires (SiNWs). These nanowires can possess a degree of porosity depending on etch conditions. Because the porosity is often spatially inhomogeneous, there is a need to better understand its nature if applications exploiting the porosity are to be pursued. Here, the resolution afforded by micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence (PL) is used to elucidate the effects of porosity heterogeneity on the optical properties of individual SiNWs produced in large arrays with MACE, while also determining the spatial character of the heterogeneity. For highly porous SiNWs, there is a dramatic reduction in Raman signal and an increase in PL near the SiNW tips. PL spectra collected along the SiNW length exhibit peaks due to leaky mode resonances. Analysis of the PL resonance peaks, Raman spectrum line shape, SEM images, and EDS spectra indicate that the SiNWs possess both radial and axial heterogeneity wherein, from base to SiNW tip, the SiNWs comprise a shell of increasingly thick porous Si surrounding a tapering core of bulk Si. This work describes how structural porosity variation shapes SiNW optical properties, which will influence the design of new SiNW-based photonic devices and chemical/biological sensors. C1 [Ratchford, Daniel; Yeom, Junghoon] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Long, James P.; Pehrsson, Pehr. E.] Naval Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pehr.pehrsson@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the US Naval Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while DR and JY held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 9 BP 4124 EP 4133 DI 10.1039/c4nr06329e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CC1ZJ UT WOS:000350143700037 PM 25666765 ER PT S AU Simsek, FG Kwon, YW AF Simsek, Fatma Gulden Kwon, Young W. BE Lackovic, I Vasic, D TI Wall Shear Stress Distribution in Aneurysm Initiation in an Idealized Three-Layered Abdominal Aorta SO 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference of the International-Federation-for-Medical-and-Biological-Engineering (MBEC) CY SEP 07-11, 2014 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP Croatian Med & Biol Engn Soc, Int Federat Med & Biol Engn, Minist Sci Educ & Sports Republ Croatia, Minist Hlth Republ Croatia, Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect Engn & Comp, European Alliance Med & Biol Engn & Sci, European Cooperat Sci & Technol DE Fluid-structure interaction; abdominal aortic aneurysm; three-layered wall; aneurysm initiation ID COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; CEREBRAL ANEURYSM; GROWTH AB Initiation of aneurysm is modeled in an idealized three-layered abdominal aorta model. Linear elastic material property is chosen for the vessel. Fluid-structure interaction between the blood and the vessel is included in the study. Physiological boundary conditions are applied at the inlet and outlet of the model. Aneurysm initiation is achieved by decreasing the Young's modulus of elasticity in a circular ring in the media of the model. Wall shear stress on the blood-vessel interface and through the vessel thickness is compared between the aneurysm initiated and healthy abdominal aorta. C1 [Simsek, Fatma Gulden] Bogazici Univ, Inst Biomed Engn, Kandilli Campus, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kwon, Young W.] Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Simsek, FG (reprint author), Bogazici Univ, Inst Biomed Engn, Kandilli Campus, Istanbul, Turkey. EM fatma.temiz@boun.edu.tr NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-319-11127-8 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2015 VL 45 BP 391 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-319-11128-5_98 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BC0RY UT WOS:000349454200098 ER PT J AU Moltz, JC AF Moltz, James Clay TI Twenty-First-Century Space Security: Conflict or Collaboration? SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moltz, JC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 EI 1944-785X J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 114 IS 768 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA CB6KA UT WOS:000349734700003 ER PT J AU Cunha, JM Menichini, AA Crockett, A AF Cunha, Jesse M. Menichini, Amilcar A. Crockett, Adam TI The retention effects of high years of service cliff-vesting pension plans SO ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Retention; Cliff vesting; Retirement AB We study the retention effects of the Australian military's decision to remove a 20-year cliff-vesting requirement from their retirement system in 1991. We follow to the present individuals who self-selected into and out of the 20-year cliff-vesting plan, as well as those who were forced out of the plan. Eliminating the high years of service cliff-vesting provision leads to consistently higher attrition over time. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cunha, Jesse M.; Menichini, Amilcar A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Crockett, Adam] Australian Def Force, Canberra, Australia. RP Cunha, JM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jessecunha@gmail.com; aamenich@nps.edu; adamj.crockett@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0165-1765 EI 1873-7374 J9 ECON LETT JI Econ. Lett. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 126 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.econlet.2014.11.005 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CB4HA UT WOS:000349587600002 ER PT J AU Connell, TL Risha, GA Yetter, RA Roberts, CW Young, G AF Connell, Terrence L., Jr. Risha, Grant A. Yetter, Richard A. Roberts, Colin W. Young, Gregory TI Boron and Polytetrafluoroethylene as a Fuel Composition for Hybrid Rocket Applications SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 14-17, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID METAL-FLUOROCARBON-PYROLANTS; MAGNESIUM/TEFLON/VITON MTV; COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR; SOLID-PROPELLANTS; IGNITION; PARTICLES; FLUORINE; MAGNESIUM; ALUMINUM; PTFE AB A composition consisting of 80% polytetrafluoroethylene and 20% boron (by weight) was considered as a potential high-density solid fuel mixture for mixed hybrid rocket propulsive applications. Constant-pressure strand burner experiments for the given formulation indicated a low-pressure self-deflagration limit of approximately 2.2 MPa (319 psia), and a burning rate correlation r(b)[cm/s] = 0.042(P[MPa])(0.531) was determined. Pressurized counterflow burner experiments conducted using pure oxygen revealed formation of surface char, which prevented measurement of solid fuel regression rates below 2 MPa, indicating an additional resistance for heat and mass transfer. Static-fired rocket motor experiments, conducted to determine the pressure and flow dependencies of the system, exhibited characteristic exhaust velocity efficiencies ranging from approximately 86 to 96%. Whereas classical hybrids do not have a strong dependence of fuel regression rate on pressure, a pressure dependence was observed in this system below the low-pressure self-deflagration limit due to the pressure dependence of the decomposition and fluorination kinetics of the solid fuel mixture. Below the low-pressure self-deflagration limit, the motor operated at a constant pressure, typical of a classical hybrid, whereas above the limit, a progressive burn was observed, characteristic of a composite propellant. Systematic oxidizer dilution with nitrogen revealed a decrease in pressurization rate with decreasing oxygen content, and an ignition limit was achieved for this system when the oxygen mass fraction was reduced from 0.65 to 0.6. Characteristic exhaust velocity efficiencies were not noticeably affected by oxidizer dilution with nitrogen over the range considered. C1 [Connell, Terrence L., Jr.; Yetter, Richard A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Risha, Grant A.] Penn State Univ, Div Business & Engn, Altoona Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Roberts, Colin W.; Young, Gregory] US Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Connell, TL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.2514/1.B35200 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1BS UT WOS:000349362100031 ER PT J AU Young, G Roberts, CW Stoltz, CA AF Young, Gregory Roberts, Colin W. Stoltz, Chad A. TI Ignition and Combustion Enhancement of Boron with Polytetrafluoroethylene SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FLUORINE; PARTICLES; MAGNESIUM; MIXTURES AB The ignition and combustion properties of fuel-rich mixtures of boron and polytetrafluorethylene in air and argon were studied as a function of pressure at a heating rate of approximately 1 x 10(5) K/s to simulate heating rates that individual ingredients may be subjected to in propellant burning. Mixtures ranging from 20 to 100 wt% boron (balance polytetrafluorethylene) and pressures up to 7MPa were considered in this study. Ignition of the samples was achieved by joule heating of a platinum filament within a pressure vessel of selected atmospheres. Ignition of the mixture was characterized by monitoring broadband light emission, whereas boron ignition specifically was verified by identification of the BO2 molecule using emission spectroscopy. At atmospheric pressure, none of the mixtures ignited within the duration of the experiment. Mixtures containing more than 80% boron did not consistently ignite under any conditions within the duration of the experiment. It was found that the ignition temperature for all of the mixtures was a function of pressure with a reduction in ignition temperature of about 300 K when increasing the pressure from 2 to 7 MPa. At pressures greater than approximately 3.5 MPa, the ignition temperature was insensitive to mixture composition for all mixtures that ignited. The results suggest that the enhancement of boron ignition is the result of sufficient polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products to remove the oxide layer of boron. C1 [Young, Gregory; Roberts, Colin W.; Stoltz, Chad A.] US Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Young, G (reprint author), US Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, RDT&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gregory.young1@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research program at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center - Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division FX This research effort was supported through the Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research program at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center - Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division. The authors would specifically like to thank Al Stern, Kim Proctor for her assistance with the Microtrac measurements, and Michael Zachariah at the University of Maryland for his assistance in development of the temperature-jump setup. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.2514/1.B35390 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1BS UT WOS:000349362100032 ER PT J AU Anderson, JM Catlett, MR Stewart, DO AF Anderson, Jason M. Catlett, M. Ryan Stewart, Devin O. TI Modeling Rotor Unsteady Forces and Sound Due to Homogeneous Turbulence Ingestion SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRID-GENERATED TURBULENCE; INFERRING PROPELLER INFLOW; NEAR-FIELD RESPONSE; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; PART 2; NOISE; RADIATION; THRUST AB An analytical approach is presented to model the broadband unsteady force cross-correlations exerted on a rotor due to a spatially homogeneous turbulent inflow. In addition, the rotor unsteady force cross-correlation matrix is treated as a set of correlated, compact dipole acoustic sources to predict the low-frequency radiated sound field of a subsonic rotor ingesting a turbulent flow. It is shown that turbulence-induced rotor forces in the radial and axial directions are uncorrelated for the special condition when spatially homogeneous turbulence is ingested, and further it is shown that radial-to-axial force correlation can exist when the turbulent inflow velocity field contains a coherent once-per-revolution variation. Equations to estimate rotor turbulence ingestion sound from noncompact dipole sources are also developed for situations when the compact acoustic assumption is invalid. A numerical simulation of the turbulence force and acoustic response for a 10-bladed rotor ingesting a spatially homogeneous turbulent inflow closely match an available experimental data set. A numerical simulation was also performed for a variation in rotor blade pitch, which indicated that radial force dipole source strength becomes nearly comparable to axial force dipole source strength when the blade-tip pitch angle reaches a value of pi/4. C1 [Anderson, Jason M.; Catlett, M. Ryan; Stewart, Devin O.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU Ki-Han Kim of the Office of Naval Research [N0001412WX21363] FX The authors would like to thank Ki-Han Kim of the Office of Naval Research for sponsorship of this work performed under contract N0001412WX21363. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.2514/1.J052874 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB3VU UT WOS:000349558100007 ER PT J AU Abramowski, A Aharonian, F Benkhali, FA Akhperjanian, AG Anguner, E Anton, G Backes, M Balenderan, S Balzer, A Barnacka, A Becherini, Y Tjus, JB Bernlhr, K Birsin, E Bissaldi, E Biteau, J Bottcher, M Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bordas, P Brucker, J Brun, F Brun, P Bulik, T Carrigan, S Casanova, S Chadwick, PM Chalme-Calvet, R Chaves, RCG Cheesebrough, A Chretien, M Colafrancesco, S Cologna, G Conrad, J Couturier, C Cui, Y Dalton, M Daniel, MK Davids, ID Degrange, B Deil, C deWilt, P Dickinson, HJ Djannati-Atai, A Domainko, W Drury, LO Dubus, G Dutson, K Dyks, J Dyrda, M Edwards, T Egberts, K Eger, P Espigat, P Farnier, C Fegan, S Feinstein, F Fernandes, MV Fernandez, D Fiasson, A Fontaine, G Forster, A Fussling, M Gajdus, M Gallant, YA Garrigoux, T Giavitto, G Giebels, B Glicenstein, JF Grondin, MH Grudzinska, M Haffner, S Hahn, J Harris, J Heinzelmann, G Henri, G Hermann, G Hervet, O Hillert, A Hinton, JA Hofmann, W Hofverberg, P Holler, M Horns, D Jacholkowska, A Jahn, C Jamrozy, M Janiak, M Jankowsky, F Jung, I Kastendieck, MA Katarzynski, K Katz, U Kaufmann, S Khelifi, B Kieffer, M Klepser, S Klochkov, D Kluzniak, W Kneiske, T Kolitzus, D Komin, N Kosack, K Krakau, S Krayzel, F Kruger, PP Laffon, H Lamanna, G Lefaucheur, J Lemiere, A Lemoine-Goumard, M Lenain, JP Lohse, T Lopatin, A Lu, CC Marandon, V Marcowith, A Marx, R Maurin, G Maxted, N Mayer, M McComb, TJL Mehault, J Meintjes, PJ Menzler, U Meyer, M Moderski, R Mohamed, M Moulin, E Murach, T Naumann, CL de Naurois, M Niemiec, J Nolan, SJ Oakes, L Odaka, H Ohm, S Wilhelmi, ED Opitz, B Ostrowski, M Oya, I Panter, M Parsons, RD Arribas, MP Pekeur, NW Pelletier, G Perez, J Petrucci, PO Peyaud, B Pita, S Poon, H Puhlhofer, G Punch, M Quirrenbach, A Raab, S Raue, M Reichardt, I Reimer, A Reimer, O Renaud, M de los Reyes, R Rieger, F Rob, L Romoli, C Rosier-Lees, S Rowell, G Rudak, B Rulten, CB Sahakian, V Sanchez, DA Santangelo, A Schlickeiser, R Schussler, F Schulz, A Schwanke, U Schwarzburg, S Schwemmer, S Sol, H Spengler, G Spies, F Stawarz, L Steenkamp, R Stegmann, C Stinzing, F Stycz, K Sushch, I Tavernet, JP Tavernier, T Taylor, AM Terrier, R Tluczykont, M Trichard, C Valerius, K van Eldik, C van Soelen, B Vasileiadis, G Venter, C Viana, A Vincent, P Volk, HJ Volpe, F Vorster, M Vuillaume, T Wagner, SJ Wagner, P Wagner, RM Ward, M Weidinger, M Weitzel, Q White, R Wierzcholska, A Willmann, P Wrnlein, A Wouters, D Yang, R Zabalza, V Zacharias, M Zdziarski, AA Zech, A Zechlin, HS Finke, J Fortin, P Horan, D AF Abramowski, A. Aharonian, F. Benkhali, F. Ait Akhperjanian, A. G. Anguener, E. Anton, G. Backes, M. Balenderan, S. Balzer, A. Barnacka, A. Becherini, Y. Tjus, J. Becker Bernlhr, K. Birsin, E. Bissaldi, E. Biteau, J. Boettcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Bordas, P. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bulik, T. Carrigan, S. Casanova, S. Chadwick, P. M. Chalme-Calvet, R. Chaves, R. C. G. Cheesebrough, A. Chretien, M. Colafrancesco, S. Cologna, G. Conrad, J. Couturier, C. Cui, Y. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. K. Davids, I. D. Degrange, B. Deil, C. deWilt, P. Dickinson, H. J. Djannati-Atai, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. O'C. Dubus, G. Dutson, K. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Edwards, T. Egberts, K. Eger, P. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fernandes, M. V. Fernandez, D. Fiasson, A. Fontaine, G. Foerster, A. Fuessling, M. Gajdus, M. Gallant, Y. A. Garrigoux, T. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. F. Grondin, M. -H. Grudzinska, M. Haeffner, S. Hahn, J. Harris, J. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hervet, O. Hillert, A. Hinton, J. A. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Holler, M. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. Jahn, C. Jamrozy, M. Janiak, M. Jankowsky, F. Jung, I. Kastendieck, M. A. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Kaufmann, S. Khelifi, B. Kieffer, M. Klepser, S. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kneiske, T. Kolitzus, D. Komin, Nu. Kosack, K. Krakau, S. Krayzel, F. Krueger, P. P. Laffon, H. Lamanna, G. Lefaucheur, J. Lemiere, A. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J. -P. Lohse, T. Lopatin, A. Lu, C. -C. Marandon, V. Marcowith, A. Marx, R. Maurin, G. Maxted, N. Mayer, M. McComb, T. J. L. Mehault, J. Meintjes, P. J. Menzler, U. Meyer, M. Moderski, R. Mohamed, M. Moulin, E. Murach, T. Naumann, C. L. de Naurois, M. Niemiec, J. Nolan, S. J. Oakes, L. Odaka, H. Ohm, S. Wilhelmi, E. de Ona Opitz, B. Ostrowski, M. Oya, I. Panter, M. Parsons, R. D. Arribas, M. Paz Pekeur, N. W. Pelletier, G. Perez, J. Petrucci, P. -O. Peyaud, B. Pita, S. Poon, H. Puehlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Raab, S. Raue, M. Reichardt, I. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. de los Reyes, R. Rieger, F. Rob, L. Romoli, C. Rosier-Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. B. Sahakian, V. Sanchez, D. A. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schuessler, F. Schulz, A. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Sol, H. Spengler, G. Spies, F. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Stycz, K. Sushch, I. Tavernet, J. -P. Tavernier, T. Taylor, A. M. Terrier, R. Tluczykont, M. Trichard, C. Valerius, K. van Eldik, C. van Soelen, B. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Viana, A. Vincent, P. Voelk, H. J. Volpe, F. Vorster, M. Vuillaume, T. Wagner, S. J. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. M. Ward, M. Weidinger, M. Weitzel, Q. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Willmann, P. Wrnlein, A. Wouters, D. Yang, R. Zabalza, V. Zacharias, M. Zdziarski, A. A. Zech, A. Zechlin, H. -S. Finke, J. Fortin, P. Horan, D. CA HESS Collaboration TI The high-energy gamma-ray emission of AP Librae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual: AP Librae; gamma rays: galaxies ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SOURCE PKS 1514-24; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; CRAB-NEBULA; SOURCE LIST; VARIABILITY; DISCOVERY AB The gamma-ray spectrum of the low-frequency-peaked BL Lac (LBL) object AP Librae is studied, following the discovery of very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission up to the TeV range by the H.E.S.S. experiment. Thismakes AP Librae one of the few VHE emitters of the LBL type. The measured spectrum yields a flux of (8.8 +/- 1.5(stat) +/- 1.8(sys)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) above 130 GeV and a spectral index of Gamma = 2.65 +/- 0.19(stat) +/- 0.20(sys). This study also makes use of Fermi-LAT observations in the high energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) range, providing the longest continuous light curve (5 years) ever published on this source. The source underwent a flaring event between MJD 56 306-56 376 in the HE range, with a flux increase of a factor of 3.5 in the 14 day bin light curve and no significant variation in spectral shape with respect to the low-flux state. While the H.E.S.S. and (low state) Fermi-LAT fluxes are in good agreement where they overlap, a spectral curvature between the steep VHE spectrum and the Fermi-LAT spectrum is observed. The maximum of the gamma-ray emission in the spectral energy distribution is located below the GeV energy range. C1 [Abramowski, A.; Fernandes, M. V.; Heinzelmann, G.; Horns, D.; Kastendieck, M. A.; Opitz, B.; Raue, M.; Spies, F.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Bernlhr, K.; Brun, F.; Carrigan, S.; Casanova, S.; Deil, C.; Domainko, W.; Edwards, T.; Eger, P.; Foerster, A.; Grondin, M. -H.; Hahn, J.; Hermann, G.; Hillert, A.; Hofmann, W.; Hofverberg, P.; Krueger, P. P.; Lu, C. -C.; Marandon, V.; Marx, R.; Odaka, H.; Wilhelmi, E. de Ona; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Poon, H.; de los Reyes, R.; Rieger, F.; Viana, A.; Voelk, H. J.; Volpe, F.; Weitzel, Q.; Yang, R.; Zabalza, V.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Aharonian, F.; Drury, L. O'C.; Romoli, C.; Taylor, A. M.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Sahakian, V.] Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. [Akhperjanian, A. G.; Sahakian, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Anguener, E.; Bernlhr, K.; Birsin, E.; Gajdus, M.; Lohse, T.; Murach, T.; Oakes, L.; Oya, I.; Schwanke, U.; Spengler, G.; Sushch, I.; Wagner, P.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Anton, G.; Brucker, J.; Haeffner, S.; Jahn, C.; Jung, I.; Katz, U.; Lopatin, A.; Raab, S.; Stinzing, F.; Valerius, K.; van Eldik, C.; Willmann, P.; Wrnlein, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Backes, M.; Davids, I. D.; Steenkamp, R.] Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia. [Balenderan, S.; Chadwick, P. M.; Cheesebrough, A.; Daniel, M. K.; Harris, J.; McComb, T. J. L.; Nolan, S. J.; Ward, M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Balzer, A.; Giavitto, G.; Klepser, S.; Schulz, A.; Stegmann, C.; Stycz, K.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Balzer, A.; Fuessling, M.; Holler, M.; Mayer, M.; Stegmann, C.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Barnacka, A.; Becherini, Y.; Dyks, J.; Janiak, M.; Kluzniak, W.; Moderski, R.; Rudak, B.; Zdziarski, A. A.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Becherini, Y.] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, S-35195 Vaxjo, Sweden. [Tjus, J. Becker; Krakau, S.; Menzler, U.; Schlickeiser, R.; Weidinger, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Bissaldi, E.; Egberts, K.; Kolitzus, D.; Perez, J.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Biteau, J.; Degrange, B.; Fegan, S.; Fontaine, G.; Giebels, B.; de Naurois, M.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Biteau, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Boettcher, M.; Casanova, S.; Davids, I. D.; Krueger, P. P.; Pekeur, N. W.; Sushch, I.; Venter, C.; Vorster, M.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Boisson, C.; Hervet, O.; Rulten, C. B.; Sol, H.; Zech, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Bolmont, J.; Chalme-Calvet, R.; Chretien, M.; Couturier, C.; Garrigoux, T.; Jacholkowska, A.; Kieffer, M.; Lenain, J. -P.; Naumann, C. L.; Tavernet, J. -P.; Vincent, P.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. [Bordas, P.; Cui, Y.; Klochkov, D.; Puehlhofer, G.; Santangelo, A.; Schwarzburg, S.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Brun, P.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Kosack, K.; Moulin, E.; Peyaud, B.; Schuessler, F.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bulik, T.; Grudzinska, M.; Zabalza, V.] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Colafrancesco, S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Cologna, G.; Grondin, M. -H.; Jankowsky, F.; Kaufmann, S.; Mohamed, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Schwemmer, S.; Wagner, S. J.; Zacharias, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Conrad, J.; Dickinson, H. J.; Farnier, C.; Meyer, M.; Wagner, R. M.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dalton, M.; Laffon, H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Mehault, J.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [deWilt, P.; Maxted, N.; Rowell, G.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Djannati-Atai, A.; Espigat, P.; Khelifi, B.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemiere, A.; Pita, S.; Punch, M.; Reichardt, I.; Tavernier, T.; Terrier, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA Irfu,APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Dubus, G.; Henri, G.; Pelletier, G.; Petrucci, P. -O.; Vuillaume, T.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS INSU, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Dutson, K.; Hinton, J. A.; Ohm, S.; White, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Dyrda, M.; Niemiec, J.] Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Feinstein, F.; Fernandez, D.; Gallant, Y. A.; Marcowith, A.; Renaud, M.; Vasileiadis, G.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Fiasson, A.; Komin, Nu.; Krayzel, F.; Lamanna, G.; Maurin, G.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Sanchez, D. A.; Trichard, C.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Jamrozy, M.; Ostrowski, M.; Stawarz, L.; Wierzcholska, A.] Uniwersytet Jagiello, Obserwatorium Astron, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Katarzynski, K.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Meintjes, P. J.; van Soelen, B.] Univ Free State, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Rob, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Finke, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fortin, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Biteau, J (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM biteau@in2p3.fr; david.sanchez@lapp.in2p3.fr; pafortin@cfa.harvard.edu RI Katarzynski, Krzysztof/G-4528-2014; Schussler, Fabian/G-5313-2013; Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; Anton, Gisela/C-4840-2013; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; van Eldik, Christopher/C-3901-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Meyer, Manuel/E-2697-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Backes, Michael/N-5126-2016; Reichardt, Ignasi/P-7478-2016; Moulin, Emmanuel/B-5959-2017; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; Komin, Nukri/J-6781-2015 OI Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Anton, Gisela/0000-0003-2039-4724; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; van Eldik, Christopher/0000-0001-9669-645X; Meyer, Manuel/0000-0002-0738-7581; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Backes, Michael/0000-0002-9326-6400; Reichardt, Ignasi/0000-0003-3694-3820; Moulin, Emmanuel/0000-0003-4007-0145; Chadwick, Paula/0000-0002-1468-2685; Kneiske, Tanja M./0000-0002-3210-6200; Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; de los Reyes Lopez, Raquel/0000-0003-0485-9552; Komin, Nukri/0000-0003-3280-0582 FU German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Max Planck Society; French Ministry for Research; Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS [CNRS-IN2P3]; UK. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC); IPNP of the Charles University; South African Department of Science and Technology; National Research Foundation; University of Namibia; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; Fermi LAT FX The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the French Ministry for Research, the CNRS-IN2P3 and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS, the UK. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the IPNP of the Charles University, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and by the University of Namibia. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Durham, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors want to acknowledge the anonymous referee for his/her help that greatly improved the paper. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A31 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321436 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300001 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Lagrosas, ND Jonsson, HH Reid, EA Sessions, WR Simpas, JB Uy, SN Boyd, TJ Atwood, SA Blake, DR Campbell, JR Cliff, SS Holben, BN Holz, RE Hyer, EJ Lynch, P Meinardi, S Posselt, DJ Richardson, KA Salinas, SV Smirnov, A Wang, Q Yu, L Zhang, J AF Reid, J. S. Lagrosas, N. D. Jonsson, H. H. Reid, E. A. Sessions, W. R. Simpas, J. B. Uy, S. N. Boyd, T. J. Atwood, S. A. Blake, D. R. Campbell, J. R. Cliff, S. S. Holben, B. N. Holz, R. E. Hyer, E. J. Lynch, P. Meinardi, S. Posselt, D. J. Richardson, K. A. Salinas, S. V. Smirnov, A. Wang, Q. Yu, L. Zhang, J. TI Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARITIME CONTINENT; MICROBURST ACTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; HAZE EPISODE; TRADE-WIND; SMOKE; TRANSPORT; INDONESIA; RAINFALL AB In a joint NRL/Manila Observatory mission, as part of the Seven SouthEast Asian Studies program (7-SEAS), a 2-week, late September 2011 research cruise in the northern Palawan archipelago was undertaken to observe the nature of southwest monsoonal aerosol particles in the South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES) and Sulu Sea region. Previous analyses suggested this region as a receptor for biomass burning from Borneo and Sumatra for boundary layer air entering the monsoonal trough. Anthropogenic pollution and biofuel emissions are also ubiquitous, as is heavy shipping traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the regional environment during the cruise, a time series of key aerosol and meteorological parameters, and their interrelationships. Overall, this cruise provides a narrative of the processes that control regional aerosol loadings and their possible feedbacks with clouds and precipitation. While 2011 was a moderate El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) La Nina year, higher burning activity and lower precipitation was more typical of neutral conditions. The large-scale aerosol environment was modulated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its associated tropical cyclone (TC) activity in a manner consistent with the conceptual analysis performed by Reid et al. (2012). Advancement of the MJO from phase 3 to 6 with accompanying cyclogenesis during the cruise period strengthened flow patterns in the SCS/ES that modulated aerosol life cycle. TC inflow arms of significant convection sometimes span from Sumatra to Luzon, resulting in very low particle concentrations (minimum condensation nuclei CN< 150 cm(-3), non-sea-salt PM2.5 < 1 mu g m(-3)). However, elevated carbon monoxide levels were occasionally observed suggesting passage of polluted air masses whose aerosol particles had been rained out. Conversely, two drier periods occurred with higher aerosol particle concentrations originating from Borneo and Southern Sumatra (CN > 3000 cm(-3) and non-sea-salt PM2.5 10-25 mu g m(-3)). These cases corresponded with two different mechanisms of convection suppression: lower free-tropospheric dry-air intrusion from the Indian Ocean, and large-scale TC-induced subsidence. Veering vertical wind shear also resulted in aerosol transport into this region being mainly in the marine boundary layer (MBL), although lower free troposphere transport was possible on the western sides of Sumatra and Borneo. At the hourly time scale, particle concentrations were observed to be modulated by integer factors through convection and associated cold pools. Geostationary satellite observations suggest that convection often takes the form of squall lines, which are bowed up to 500 km across the monsoonal flow and 50 km wide. These squall lines, initiated by cold pools from large thunderstorms and likely sustained by a veering vertical wind shear and aforementioned mid-troposphere dry layers, propagated over 1500 km across the entirety of the SCS/ES, effectively cutting large swaths of MBL aerosol particles out of the region. Our conclusion is that while large-scale flow patterns are very important in modulating convection, and hence in allowing long-range transport of smoke and pollution, more short-lived phenomena can modulate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the region, resulting in pockets of clean and polluted MBL air. This will no doubt complicate large scale comparisons of aerosol-cloud interaction. C1 [Reid, J. S.; Reid, E. A.; Campbell, J. R.; Hyer, E. J.; Richardson, K. A.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lagrosas, N. D.; Simpas, J. B.; Uy, S. N.] Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Jonsson, H. H.; Wang, Q.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Sessions, W. R.] Naval Res Lab, CSC, Monterey, CA USA. [Boyd, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Atwood, S. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Cliff, S. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Lynch, P.] Naval Res Lab, CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Posselt, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Salinas, S. V.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Smirnov, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Yu, L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & & Environm Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Meteorol, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Yu, Liya/H-2573-2013; Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Yu, Liya/0000-0001-9182-6593; Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 FU NRL Base Program; ONR [35, 38]; NASA on behalf of MPLNET [NNG13HH10I]; SEAC4RS Science Team FX Organization of this research cruise and associated land base collections required the assistance of a number of organizations, including the staff of the Office of Naval Research-Global program office and reservist unit (esp. J. Johnson, B. McBride, P. Marshall), the Manila Observatory (esp. A. Loyzaga and Fr. D. McNamara), US State Department/Embassy in Manila (esp. M. T. Villa and D. Saulys), and the Naval Postgraduate School (esp. R. Lind). We are most grateful to the Vasco ship management and crew, managed by Cosmix Underwater Research Ltd, (esp. L. Heymans and A. du Parc). We are also grateful to the host institutions for regional AERONET site deployment and the use of derived optical thickness data herein. Conversations with and guidance from C. Sampson (NRL) on regional tropical cyclone behavior are gratefully acknowledged. Figure construction was also assisted by C. Curtis (NRL) and R. Johnson (UND). Funding for this research cruise and analysis was provided from a number of sources. Vasco time procurement was provided by the NRL 6.1 Base Program via an ONR Global grant to the Manila Observatory. Funding for NRL scientist deployment and instrument analysis was provided by the NRL Base Program and ONR 35. Remote sensing and model analysis was provided by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Reservist support was provided by ONR Program 38. The AERONET deployments were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program. Gas chemistry was provided by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Author J. R. Campbell acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of MPLNET and the SEAC4RS Science Team. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1745 EP 1768 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1745-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500011 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Vaughan, MA Oo, M Holz, RE Lewis, JR Welton, EJ AF Campbell, J. R. Vaughan, M. A. Oo, M. Holz, R. E. Lewis, J. R. Welton, E. J. TI Distinguishing cirrus cloud presence in autonomous lidar measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION LAYER CIRRUS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CLIMATE; ALGORITHM; ICE; AEROSOLS; FACILITY; MISSION AB 2012 Level-2 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite-based cloud data sets are investigated for thresholds that distinguish the presence of cirrus clouds in autonomous lidar measurements, based on temperatures, heights, optical depth and phase. A thermal threshold, proposed by Sassen and Campbell (2001) for cloud top temperature T-top <= -37 degrees C, is evaluated versus CALIOP algorithms that identify ice-phase cloud layers using polarized backscatter measurements. Derived global mean cloud top heights (11.15 vs. 10.07 km above mean sea level; a.m.s.l.), base heights (8.76 km a.m.s.l. vs. 7.95 km a.m.s.l.), temperatures (-58.48 degrees C vs. -52.18 degrees C and -42.40 degrees C vs. -38.13 degrees C, respectively, for tops and bases) and optical depths (1.18 vs. 1.23) reflect the sensitivity to this constraint. Over 99% of all T-top <= -37 degrees C clouds are classified as ice by CALIOP Level-2 algorithms. Over 81% of all ice clouds correspond with T-top <= -37 degrees C. For instruments lacking polarized measurements, and thus practical estimates of phase, T-top <= -37 degrees C provides sufficient justification for distinguishing cirrus, as opposed to the risks of glaciated liquid-water cloud contamination occurring in a given sample from clouds identified at relatively "warm" (T-top > -37 degrees C) temperatures. Although accounting for uncertainties in temperatures collocated with lidar data (i.e., model reanalyses/sondes) may justifiably relax the threshold to include warmer cases, the ambiguity of "warm" ice clouds cannot be fully reconciled with available measurements, conspicuously including phase. Cloud top heights and optical depths are investigated, and global distributions and frequencies derived, as functions of CALIOP-retrieved phase. These data provide little additional information, compared with temperature alone, and may exacerbate classification uncertainties overall. C1 [Campbell, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vaughan, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Oo, M.; Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lewis, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Welton, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program [NNG13HH10I]; Oceanographer of the Navy through the Program Office at PEO [N2/N6E, C4I PMW-120] FX This research was conducted through NASA Interagency Agreement NNG13HH10I on behalf of the NASA Micropulse Lidar Network, which itself is supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (H. Maring). Authors M. Oo and R. E. Holz acknowledge support from the Oceanographer of the Navy (N2/N6E) through the Program Office at PEO C4I PMW-120. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 435 EP 449 DI 10.5194/amt-8-435-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600032 ER PT J AU Gould, BD Rodgers, JA Schuette, M Bethune, K Louis, S Rocheleau, R Swider-Lyons, K AF Gould, Benjamin D. Rodgers, Joseph A. Schuette, Michael Bethune, Keith Louis, Shaquille Rocheleau, Richard Swider-Lyons, Karen TI Performance and Limitations of 3D-Printed Bipolar Plates in Fuel Cells SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STACKS AB 3D-printing is being touted as a tool for prototyping and manufacturing metal fuel cell bipolar plate (BPP) designs as it may speed development and lower costs by avoiding costly tooling, plus the 3D parts can be made as a single piece without welding. We use the 3D-printing method of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) to make 21 cm(2) titanium-alloy BPPs with embedded flow channels. To minimize the contact resistance in an individual cell, the surface of each BPP is polished to the appropriate roughness and coated with a conductive corrosion barrier. The coated BPPs are assembled with the appropriate seals, catalyst coated membranes and gas diffusion layers into both a single-cell and a 40-cell stack and tested. The single-cell stack performs well compared to a standard, but the 40-cell fuel cell stack power is 400 W, or 20% less than expected due to inadequate flatness of several of the DMLS BPPs. This cell-to-cell mismatch leads to high contact resistance in several of the cells. DMLS clearly shows the benefit of being able to make complex flow fields and hollow parts with no welds and is useful for prototyping flow fields in single cells or short stacks. More work is needed toward reducing the weight and increasing the flatness of BPPs made by DMLS before they can be used in larger stacks. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Gould, Benjamin D.; Rodgers, Joseph A.; Louis, Shaquille; Swider-Lyons, Karen] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schuette, Michael] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Bethune, Keith; Rocheleau, Richard] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gould, BD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM benjamin.gould@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this work. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 4 SI SI BP P3063 EP P3068 DI 10.1149/2.0091504jss PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CB3TA UT WOS:000349550300010 ER PT J AU Zhuang, X Sing, MLC Dolabdjian, C Wang, YJ Finkel, P Li, JF Viehland, D AF Zhuang, Xin Sing, Marc Lam Chok Dolabdjian, Christophe Wang, Yaojin Finkel, Peter Li, Jiefang Viehland, Dwight TI Sensitivity and Noise Evaluation of a Bonded Magneto(elasto) Electric Laminated Sensor Based on In-Plane Magnetocapacitance Effect for Quasi-Static Magnetic Field Sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic noise; magnetoelectric; modulation AB The quasi-static magnetic field detection of a layer-bonded magneto(elasto) electric (ME) laminate has been investigated by measuring the in-plane electric capacitance via its interdigital electrodes close to the piezoelectric resonant frequency. The ME-layered composite is considered as a stress-induced dielectric effect because there is practically no direct response of the electric capacitance to an external magnetic field. The sensitivity is dominated by the magnetoelastic coupling in the magnetic layer and on the stress induced by the permittivity change in the piezoelectric layer. The low-frequency magnetocapacitance effect is sensitive to an external magnetic bias which can modulate the electric permittivity by producing a stress. The magnetoelastic coupling is another important parameter for this magnetic field detection mode. For a given magnetic field, the amplitude of the magnetostriction is directly related to this parameter as well. Therefore, an optimal magnetic bias can maximize the induced strain or stress which is coupled into the piezoelectric layer through the change of the electric permittivity in this layer. To evaluate the sensitivity and the noise performance by the magnetocapacitance effect, we have used the piezoelectric and magnetic constitutive equations to predict the permittivity dependence. Experimentally, this sensor achieved an equivalent magnetic noise spectral density, presently still limited, by the noise of the detection electronics, similar to 100 pT/root Hz at 1 Hz and offered a dc detection capability. With the model and experimental nonlinear factors, an equivalent sensor noise spectral density close to the pT/root Hz can be ultimately predicted considering the mechanical loss limitation of the sensor. C1 [Zhuang, Xin; Sing, Marc Lam Chok; Dolabdjian, Christophe] Normandie Univ, F-14032 Caen, France. [Zhuang, Xin; Sing, Marc Lam Chok; Dolabdjian, Christophe] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, GREYC Lab, F-14032 Caen, France. [Zhuang, Xin; Sing, Marc Lam Chok; Dolabdjian, Christophe] CNRS, F-14032 Caen, France. [Wang, Yaojin; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Finkel, Peter] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhuang, X (reprint author), Normandie Univ, F-14032 Caen, France. EM xzhuang11@yahoo.fr RI Wang, Yaojin/F-3748-2012 OI Wang, Yaojin/0000-0003-2561-1855 FU Office of Naval Research Global FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Global. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 51 IS 1 AR 2500204 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2356852 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CB2HD UT WOS:000349446800013 ER PT J AU Link, RE AF Link, Richard E. TI Round-robin Analysis of Standard Data Sets for Fracture Toughness Evaluation in ASTM E1820 SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE unloading compliance; J-integral; J(IC); J-R curve AB A set of standard data sets from typical fracture toughness tests was used in an analytical round-robin to determine whether the proposed data sets were suitable for use as adjuncts to ASTM E1820-09, "Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Fracture Toughness."Four laboratories participated in the round-robin and submitted analyses of all of the data sets. The results showed good agreement among the laboratories on the individual J-integral calculations and crack size estimates. However, small differences in the estimated crack extension during the tests led to large uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness of up to 20 % of the mean value of the fracture toughness from all of the laboratories for the data set. A synthesized test record that eliminated the nonlinear behavior commonly observed in unloading compliance test records was developed and distributed to the participants. There was excellent agreement among the results from all participants for the synthesized data set. The standard data sets were determined to be suitable for validating analysis programs for calculating fracture toughness in accordance with ASTM E1820. The uncertainty in the calculated fracture toughness could be reduced by prescribing in the test method exactly which data points in an unload are to be used for estimating the crack length, rather than letting the user decide which data points to include. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Link, RE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1520/JTE20130143 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CB2JU UT WOS:000349454100010 ER PT J AU Feigelson, BN Bermudez, VM Hite, JK Robinson, ZR Wheeler, VD Sridhara, K Hernandez, SC AF Feigelson, Boris N. Bermudez, Victor M. Hite, Jennifer K. Robinson, Zachary R. Wheeler, Virginia D. Sridhara, Karthik Hernandez, Sandra C. TI Growth and spectroscopic characterization of monolayer and few-layer hexagonal boron nitride on metal substrates SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; H-BN; GRAPHENE; CU(111); NI(111); DISPERSION; CRYSTAL; COPPER; RANGE AB Atomically thin two dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN) is one of the key materials in the development of new van der Waals heterostructures due to its outstanding properties including an atomically smooth surface, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, chemical inertness and high electrical resistance. The development of 2D h-BN growth is still in the early stages and largely depends on rapid and accurate characterization of the grown monolayer or few layers h-BN films. This paper demonstrates a new approach to characterizing monolayer h-BN films directly on metal substrates by grazing-incidence infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Using h-BN films grown by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition on Cu and Ni substrates, two new sub-bands are found for the A(2u) out-of-plane stretching mode. It is shown, using both experimental and computational methods, that the lower-energy sub-band is related to 2D h-BN coupled with substrate, while the higher energy sub-band is related to decoupled (or free-standing) 2D h-BN. It is further shown that this newly-observed fine structure in the A(2u) mode can be used to assess, quickly and easily, the homogeneity of the h-BN-metal interface and the effects of metal surface contamination on adhesion of the layer. C1 [Feigelson, Boris N.; Bermudez, Victor M.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Robinson, Zachary R.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Sridhara, Karthik; Hernandez, Sandra C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sridhara, Karthik] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Feigelson, BN (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM boris.feygelson@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Naval Research Laboratory basic research program; Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory basic research program and the Office of Naval Research for support of this work. Authors also gratefully acknowledge Dr Kurt Gaskill and Dr Fritz Kub for their support of this work. Also, Z.R.R. would like to thank the American Society for Engineering Education for his postdoctoral support. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 94 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3694 EP 3702 DI 10.1039/c4nr05557h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CB2QY UT WOS:000349474200044 PM 25640166 ER PT J AU Armey, LE McNab, RM AF Armey, Laura E. McNab, Robert M. TI Democratization and civil war SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE civil war; democracy; conflict; democratization; outcomes of war ID PANEL-DATA; STATE CAPACITY; DEMOCRACY; MODELS; PEACE; TESTS; ELECTIONS; EDUCATION; INCOME; OIL AB This article examines the impact of civil war on democratization, particularly focusing on whether civil war provides an opportunity for institutional reform. We investigate the impact of war termination in general, along with prolonged violence, rebel victory and international intervention on democratization. Using an unbalanced panel data set of 96 countries covering a 34-year period, our analysis suggests that civil war lowers democratization in the succeeding period. Our findings also suggest that United Nations intervention increases democratization, as do wars ending in stalemates. However, wars ending in rebel victories seem to reduce democratization. These findings appear robust to conditioning, different instrument sets, modelling techniques and the measurement of democracy. C1 [Armey, Laura E.; McNab, Robert M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP Armey, LE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM larmey@nps.edu OI Armey, Laura/0000-0001-5260-5720 NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 EI 1466-4283 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2015 VL 47 IS 18 BP 1863 EP 1882 DI 10.1080/00036846.2014.1000529 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CA2SB UT WOS:000348756500004 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. TI Attractor comparisons based on density SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC TIME-SERIES; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; DIMENSION; ERROR AB Recognizing a chaotic attractor can be seen as a problem in pattern recognition. Some feature vector must be extracted from the attractor and used to compare to other attractors. The field of machine learning has many methods for extracting feature vectors, including clustering methods, decision trees, support vector machines, and many others. In this work, feature vectors are created by representing the attractor as a density in phase space and creating polynomials based on this density. Density is useful in itself because it is a one dimensional function of phase space position, but representing an attractor as a density is also a way to reduce the size of a large data set before analyzing it with graph theory methods, which can be computationally intensive. The density computation in this paper is also fast to execute. In this paper, as a demonstration of the usefulness of density, the density is used directly to construct phase space polynomials for comparing attractors. Comparisons between attractors could be useful for tracking changes in an experiment when the underlying equations are too complicated for vector field modeling. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.Carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JAN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 AR 013111 DI 10.1063/1.4906342 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CA6CV UT WOS:000348997000011 PM 25637922 ER PT J AU Mendola, P Mumford, SL Mannisto, TI Holston, A Reddy, UM Laughon, SK AF Mendola, Pauline Mumford, Sunni L. Mannisto, Tuija I. Holston, Alexander Reddy, Uma M. Laughon, S. Katherine TI Controlled Direct Effects of Preeclampsia on Neonatal Health After Accounting for Mediation by Preterm Birth SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; ANGIOGENIC FACTORS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; RISK; COHORT; PREGNANCY; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Preeclampsia is characterized by alterations in angiogenic factors that may increase neonatal morbidity independent of preterm birth. Methods: We estimated the controlled direct effect of preeclampsia on neonatal outcomes independent of preterm birth among 200,103 normotensive and 10,507 preeclamptic singleton pregnancies in the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008). Marginal structural models with stabilized inverse probability weights accounted for potential confounders in the pathway from preeclampsia to preterm birth to neonatal outcomes, including mediator-outcome confounders related to preeclampsia status, such as cesarean delivery. Controlled direct effects of preeclampsia on perinatal mortality, small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, anemia, apnea, asphyxia, peri-or intraventricular hemorrhage, and cardiomyopathy were estimated for the hypothesized intervention of term delivery for all infants. Results: When delivery was set at >= 37 weeks, preeclampsia increased the odds of perinatal mortality (odds ratio = 2.2 [95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.5], SGA = (1.9 [1.8-2.1]), NICU admission (1.9 [1.7-2.1]), respiratory distress syndrome (2.8 [2.0-3.7], transient tachypnea of the newborn (1.6 [1.3-1.9]), apnea (2.2 [1.6-3.1]), asphyxia (2.7 [1.5-4.9]), and peri-or intraventricular hemorrhage (3.2 [1.4-7.7]). No direct effect of preeclampsia at term was observed for anemia or cardiomyopathy. Our results appear robust in the presence of moderate confounding, and restriction to severe preeclampsia yielded similar findings. Conclusion: Preeclampsia was directly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes beyond morbidity mediated by preterm birth. Although severe neonatal outcomes were less common at later gestational ages, marginal structural models suggested elevated neonatal risk due to preeclampsia even if it was possible to deliver all infants at term. C1 [Mendola, Pauline; Mumford, Sunni L.; Mannisto, Tuija I.; Laughon, S. Katherine] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Intramural Populat Hlth Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Mannisto, Tuija I.] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Diabet Prevent Unit, Oulu, Finland. [Holston, Alexander] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Reddy, Uma M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Extramural Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Mendola, P (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Intramural Populat Hlth Res, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03F, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM pauline.mendola@nih.gov OI Mannisto, Tuija/0000-0002-6382-9153; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health [HHSN267200603425C] FX Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The Consortium on Safe Labor was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health through Contract No. HHSN267200603425C. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000213 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AU8XZ UT WOS:000345878000016 PM 25437315 ER PT B AU Mullen, AM AF Mullen, Admiral Mike BE Reed, D TI IN PURSUIT OF PROSPERITY US Foreign Policy in an Era of Natural Resource Scarcity FOREWORD SO IN PURSUIT OF PROSPERITY: U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN AN ERA OF NATURAL RESOURCE SCARCITY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mullen, Admiral Mike] Joint Chiefs Staff, Pentagon, AR USA. [Mullen, Admiral Mike] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Mullen, Admiral Mike] Naval Operat, New York, NY USA. [Mullen, Admiral Mike] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mullen, Admiral Mike] Bloomberg Philanthropies, New York, NY USA. [Mullen, Admiral Mike] Gen Motors, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-79190-9; 978-1-315-75137-5; 978-1-138-79189-3 PY 2015 BP XVIII EP XX PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BB8FF UT WOS:000346498600001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JD Reshchikov, MA Baski, AA Hite, JK Mastro, MA Eddy, CR AF Ferguson, Josephus D. Reshchikov, Michael A. Baski, Alison A. Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Determination of GaN polarity on periodically oriented surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; INVERSION; PHOTOELECTRON; GROWTH; OXYGEN; FILMS; OXIDE AB Periodically oriented GaN surfaces have been investigated using scanning probe microscopy techniques to compare Ga- and N-polar regions on a common surface. An epitaxial layer comprising 16 mu m-wide stripes of alternating surface polarity was grown by utilizing a patterned AlN layer on an N-polar GaN template. The regions of different polarity are easily distinguishable in atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, with the Ga-polar stripes, which nucleate on the patterned AlN regions being approximately 300 nm higher than the adjacent N-polar stripes. In addition, local surface potential measurements using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) indicate that the N-polar regions are 0.2 to 0.5 eV higher in potential compared to Ga-polar ones, with lower surface potential contrast occurring after an HCl-based surface treatment. Using conductive AFM, electrons were injected into the surface to probe the surface charging behavior in dark. Only the N-polar regions demonstrated significant localized charging, where changes of over 1.5 eV were seen in SKPM images taken immediately after charging. This behavior was appreciably decreased by an HCl treatment, suggesting that a surface oxide in the N-polar regions plays a significant role in the charging behavior. In addition, the local surface photovoltage (SPV) was measured using above-bandgap illumination. The N-polar regions demonstrate a higher steady-state SPV value and a significantly slower restoration behavior as compared to the Ga-polar regions. The authors therefore find that several characterization techniques can readily distinguish the Ga-versus N-polar regions on this periodically oriented surface. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ferguson, Josephus D.; Reshchikov, Michael A.; Baski, Alison A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferguson, JD (reprint author), Univ Mary Washington, Jepson Sci Ctr, 1301 Coll Ave, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. EM aabaski@vcu.edu RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015; OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826; Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 FU NSF; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank NSF for funding and J. D. McNamara for helpful discussions. Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2015 VL 33 IS 1 AR 011206 DI 10.1116/1.4904742 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CA4ZF UT WOS:000348915500022 ER PT J AU Shifler, D AF Shifler, D. TI Meeting materials needs in extreme naval corrosive and oxidative environments SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE Thermal barrier coatings; Metal complexionised ceramics; Intermetallic alloys; Ceramic matrix composites; Environmental barrier coatings; Gas turbine engines; Complexions ID SI-B ALLOYS; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; AL-BASED ALLOYS; HOT CORROSION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; PACK CEMENTATION; BEHAVIOR; SODIUM; DELAMINATION AB High temperature applications demand materials that have a variety of properties such as high strength, toughness, creep resistance, fatigue resistance, as well a resistance to degradation by interaction with the environment. All potential metallic materials become unstable in many high temperature environments without the presence of a stable, protective coating on the component surface. Reliable high temperature propulsion materials are critical for enabling improvements in engine efficiency, reducing fuel costs, and decreasing maintenance/total life cycle costs. Propulsion materials for both Naval aircraft and ship gas turbine engines are subjected to the corrosive marine, salt laden environment to differing degrees. Materials life is dependent on dynamic combinations of temperature, cyclic activities and mechanical stress with the marine environment. Research seeks to explore and understand the thermodynamics and kinetics of materials interactions and material stability in Naval environments and temperatures in order to develop models that lead to creating new materials or establishing life prediction of existing and novel materials. This research may discover new mechanisms and causes that lead to materials instabilities and degradation at high temperatures. The research and the models that follow need to address how these mechanisms are fundamentally influenced by mechanics, interdiffusion, coating or materials chemistry, temperature, environment and structure in order to establish fundamental scientific principles to mitigate such instabilities and degradation. This paper will dwell on some past results of materials testing and offer some views on future directions into materials research in high temperature materials in aggressive Naval environments which can be applicable to other services. C1 Off Naval Res, Naval Mat Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Shifler, D (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Naval Mat Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM david.shifler@navy.mil NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 23 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1179/0960340914Z.00000000091 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CA2BF UT WOS:000348713300021 ER PT J AU Lee, RU Parrish, SC Saeed, O Fiedler, CJP AF Lee, Rachel U. Parrish, Scott C. Saeed, Omar Fiedler, Col Joyce P. TI Combat Internist: The Internal Medicine Experience in a Combat Hospital in Afghanistan SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJURY; IRAQ; CARE AB Military internists and internal medicine subspecialists are physicians who generally work in traditional internal medicine settings. However, when deployed to combat settings, they must prepare and adapt their skills for a wide spectrum of complex, polytrauma, and multinational patients. There are limitations in personnel, equipment, and technical resources that make the circumstances complex and demanding. This article highlights some of the unique roles, challenges, and experiences of four military internists at the NATO Role 3, a deployed combat hospital in Afghanistan. C1 [Lee, Rachel U.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Parrish, Scott C.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Saeed, Omar] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Fiedler, Col Joyce P.] 96th Aerosp Med Squadron, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lee, RU (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 180 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00262 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MM UT WOS:000349101400019 PM 25562851 ER PT J AU Peterson, DD AF Peterson, David D. TI History of the US Navy Body Composition Program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; FAT; RELIABILITY; OBESITY; MASS AB The Navy currently employs maximum weight-for-height tables and body fat prediction equations based on circumference measurements to assess body composition. However, many Sailors believe the current method fails to accurately predict body fat percentage. As a result, the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) conducted numerous studies in an attempt to improve the accuracy and reliability of the Navy's Body Composition Analysis program. In 2012, NHRC conducted a study that researched the feasibility of using a single abdominal circumference (AC) measurement in lieu of circumference measurements. The Air Force and National Institutes of Health (NIH) employ a single AC measurement taken at the superior border of the iliac crest to assess body composition and all-cause mortality risk. Although the Air Force and NIH use the iliac crest, NHRC is proposing the Navy use the umbilicus as the AC site since it is less invasive and easier to identify. If implemented, the Navy would use cutoff values of 40 in. and 36 in. for males and females, respectively. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief history of the Navy's Body Composition Analysis program as well as propose the transition from circumference measurements to a single AC measurement. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peterson, DD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 180 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00266 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MM UT WOS:000349101400031 PM 25562863 ER PT J AU Papacostas, MF McLean, M AF Papacostas, Michael F. McLean, Matthew TI Blood Cell Exchange in the Treatment of Exercise-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient With Sickle Cell Trait SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH AB We report the use of red blood cell exchange (RBCex) to treat rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute kidney injury in a 16-year-old African-American female with sickle cell trait (SCT). Treatment with aggressive fluid and electrolyte management failed to stem the rise in her creatine kinase, and RBCex was instituted 27 hours after symptom onset. She had a transient improvement in her creatine kinase following this treatment although it failed to resolve a developing lower extremity compartment syndrome, requiring bilateral lower extremity fasciotomies. The mechanism of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis in individuals with SCT is theorized to result from localized hypoxia and acidosis within exercising muscle significant enough to cause a localized sickling crisis with resultant rhabdomyolysis. Despite the unique pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis in individuals with SCT, there is a paucity of adjunctive treatment options beyond fluid and electrolyte therapy. To the best of our knowledge, RBCex for treatment of rhabdomyolysis in a patient with SCT has been described only once before by Huang et al. We report here a second case in the use of RBCex in the treatment of rhadbomyolysis in a patient with SCT. C1 [Papacostas, Michael F.; McLean, Matthew] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Papacostas, MF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, 260 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 180 IS 1 BP E145 EP E148 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00577 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MM UT WOS:000349101400007 PM 25562874 ER PT J AU Poludnenko, AY AF Poludnenko, Alexei Y. TI Pulsating instability and self-acceleration of fast turbulent flames SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; PREMIXED FLAMES; DYNAMIC FORMULATION; SCALE TURBULENCE; WRINKLING MODEL; IA SUPERNOVAE; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY AB A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations is used to study the intrinsic stability of high-speed turbulent flames. Calculations model the interaction of a fully resolved premixed flame with a highly subsonic, statistically steady, homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. The computational domain is unconfined to prevent the onset of thermoacoustic instabilities. We consider a wide range of turbulent intensities and system sizes, corresponding to the Damkohler numbers Da = 0.1 - 6.0. These calculations show that turbulent flames in the regimes considered are intrinsically unstable. In particular, we find three effects. (1) Turbulent flame speed, S-T, develops pulsations with the observed peak-to-peak amplitude S-T(max) / S-T(min) > 10 and a characteristic time scale close to a large-scale eddy turnover time. Such variability is caused by the interplay between turbulence, which continuously creates the flame surface, and highly intermittent flame collisions, which consume the flame surface. (2) Unstable burning results in the periodic pressure build-up and the formation of pressure waves or shocks, when S-T approaches or exceeds the speed of a Chapman-Jouguet deflagration. (3) Coupling of pressure gradients formed during pulsations with density gradients across the flame leads to the anisotropic amplification of turbulence inside the flame volume and flame acceleration. Such process, which is driven by the baroclinic term in the vorticity transport equation, is a reacting-flow analog of the mechanism underlying the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. With the increase in turbulent intensity, the limit-cycle instability discussed here transitions to the regime described in our previous work, in which the growth of S-T becomes unbounded and produces a detonation. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poludnenko, AY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apol@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [F1ATA09114G005]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH12AT33I] FX The author is grateful to Peter Hamlington, Vadim Gamezo, Forman Williams, Elaine Oran, Chiping Li, and Craig Wheeler for valuable discussions, as well as the anonymous referees for helpful comments. The author also gratefully acknowledges assistance of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (DoD HPCMP) Data Analysis and Assessment Center (DAAC), and in particular of Christopher Lewis and Vu Tran, with data visualization in Fig. 1. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Award No. F1ATA09114G005 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Award No. NNH12AT33I. Computing resources were provided by the DoD HPCMP under the Frontier project award, and by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 AR 014106 DI 10.1063/1.4905298 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CA7AD UT WOS:000349068500030 ER PT J AU Lee, W Umansky, MV Angus, JR Krasheninnikov, SI AF Lee, Wonjae Umansky, Maxim V. Angus, J. R. Krasheninnikov, Sergei I. TI Electromagnetic effects on dynamics of high-beta filamentary structures SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EDGE; TURBULENCE AB The impacts of the electromagnetic effects on blob dynamics are considered. Electromagnetic BOUT++ simulations on seeded high-beta blobs demonstrate that inhomogeneity of magnetic curvature or plasma pressure along the filament leads to bending of the blob filaments and the magnetic field lines due to increased propagation time of plasma current (Alfven time). The bending motion can enhance heat exchange between the plasma facing materials and the inner scrape-off layer (SOL) region. The effects of sheath boundary conditions on the part of the blob away from the boundary are also diminished by the increased Alfven time. Using linear analysis and BOUT++ simulations, it is found that electromagnetic effects in high temperature and high density plasmas reduce the growth rate of resistive drift wave instability when resistivity drops below a certain value. The blobs temperature decreases in the course of its motion through the SOL and so the blob can switch from the electromagnetic to the electrostatic regime where resistive drift waves become important again. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lee, Wonjae; Krasheninnikov, Sergei I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Umansky, Maxim V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Angus, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, W (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM skrash@mae.ucsd.edu OI Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences at UCSD [DE-FG02-04ER54739, DE-SC0010413]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Kwanjeong Educational Foundation FX This material was based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under Award Nos. DE-FG02-04ER54739 and DE-SC0010413 at UCSD. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research was also supported by the Kwanjeong Educational Foundation. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 AR 012505 DI 10.1063/1.4905639 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CA8NQ UT WOS:000349178100027 ER PT J AU Pittenger, R Wiseman, CH AF Pittenger, Richard Wiseman, Charles H. TI Measured Transmission Loss-A Key to Improved Sonar Performance Prediction SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Pittenger, Richard; Wiseman, Charles H.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pittenger, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA CA4SN UT WOS:000348894800024 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Nichols, N AF Hodyss, Daniel Nichols, Nancy TI The error of representation: basic understanding SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Representation error; data assimilation; correlated observations; model error; Bayesian ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; SIGNAL/ERROR CORRELATION; DISCRETIZATION ERROR; UNRESOLVED SCALES; MODEL; INNOVATION AB Representation error arises from the inability of the forecast model to accurately simulate the climatology of the truth. We present a rigorous framework for understanding this kind of error of representation. This framework shows that the lack of an inverse in the relationship between the true climatology (true attractor) and the forecast climatology (forecast attractor) leads to the error of representation. A new gain matrix for the data assimilation problem is derived that illustrates the proper approaches one may take to perform Bayesian data assimilation when the observations are of states on one attractor but the forecast model resides on another. This new data assimilation algorithm is the optimal scheme for the situation where the distributions on the true attractor and the forecast attractors are separately Gaussian, and there exists a linear map between them. The results of this theory are illustrated in a simple Gaussian multivariate model. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nichols, Nancy] Univ Reading, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Reading, Berks, England. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NERC National Centre for Earth Observation in the UK; European Space Agency FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Chief of Naval Research PE-0601153N and from the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation in the UK and the European Space Agency. We thank Jeff Anderson for a thorough reading and insightful comments on this work. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 24822 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v67.24822 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CA2FE UT WOS:000348723500001 ER PT J AU Long, JP Simpkins, BS AF Long, J. P. Simpkins, B. S. TI Coherent Coupling between a Molecular Vibration and Fabry-Perot Optical Cavity to Give Hybridized States in the Strong Coupling Limit SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE vacuum Rabi splitting; strong coupling; infrared spectroscopy; optical cavity; vibrational coupling ID SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; VACUUM-FIELD; DYNAMICS; NANOCRYSTALS; POLARITONS; EXCITONS; REGIMES AB The coherent coupling between an optical transition and a confined optical mode, when sufficiently strong, gives rise to a new pair of mixed modes separated in frequency by the vacuum Rabi splitting. Such systems have been widely investigated for electronic-state transitions such as molecular excitons coupled to surface-plasmons and optical microcavities. However, only very recently have vibrational transitions been considered. Here we experimentally investigate the coupling between a Fabry-Perot cavity and the carbonyl stretch at an infrared frequency near 1730 cm(-1) in polymethyl methacrylate. As is requisite for the "strong coupling" regime, the measured vacuum-Rabi-splitting of 132 cm(-1) is much larger than the full width of either the cavity resonance (34 cm(-1)) or the inhomogeneously broadened carbonyl-stretch absorption (24 cm(-1)). With the assistance of quantitative analysis using transfer-matrix methods, we provide evidence that the mixed-state resonances are relatively immune to inhomogeneous vibrational broadening and demonstrate the ability to extract splittings by convenient angle tuning of the Fabry-Perot cavity to match the vibrational frequency. Opening the field of polaritonic coupling to vibrational species promises to be a rich arena amenable to a wide variety of infrared-active bonds that can be studied both statically (as here) and dynamically with ultrafast methods. Moreover, microfluidic cavities will permit the study of liquids, greatly expanding the range of assessable molecules. C1 [Long, J. P.; Simpkins, B. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute Program [61-P087-13] FX Research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute Program 61-P087-13. The authors thank Dr. J. C. Owrutsky and Dr. Igor Vurgaftman for enlightening discussion and guidance and Erik Johnson for measuring the angular spread of the FTIR beam. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD JAN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1021/ph5003347 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AZ6OS UT WOS:000348339400019 ER PT J AU Hwang, WS Zhao, P Tahy, K Nyakiti, LO Wheeler, VD Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Robinson, JA Haensch, W Xing, H Seabaugh, A Jena, D AF Hwang, Wan Sik Zhao, Pei Tahy, Kristof Nyakiti, Luke O. Wheeler, Virginia D. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Robinson, Joshua A. Haensch, Wilfried Xing, Huili (Grace) Seabaugh, Alan Jena, Debdeep TI Graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors on wafer-scale epitaxial graphene on SiC substrates SO APL Materials LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; HG1-XCDXTE; DEVICE; EDGES AB We report the realization of top-gated graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors (GNRFETs) of similar to 10 nm width on large-area epitaxial graphene exhibiting the opening of a band gap of similar to 0.14 eV. Contrary to prior observations of disordered transport and severe edge-roughness effects of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the experimental results presented here clearly show that the transport mechanism in carefully fabricated GNRFETs is conventional band-transport at room temperature and inter-band tunneling at low temperature. The entire space of temperature, size, and geometry dependent transport properties and electrostatics of the GNRFETs are explained by a conventional thermionic emission and tunneling current model. Our combined experimental and modeling work proves that carefully fabricated narrow GNRs behave as conventional semiconductors and remain potential candidates for electronic switching devices. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Hwang, Wan Sik; Zhao, Pei; Tahy, Kristof; Xing, Huili (Grace); Seabaugh, Alan; Jena, Debdeep] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hwang, Wan Sik] Korea Aerosp Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Goyang City 412791, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Nyakiti, Luke O.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr 2D & Layered Mat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Haensch, Wilfried] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Hwang, WS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM whwang@kau.ac.kr; djena@nd.edu FU Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC); Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND); STARnet; SRC program - MARCO; DARPA; Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF); ASEE; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2014R1A1A1004770] FX This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND), STARnet, an SRC program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA, and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). L.O.N. is grateful for the postdoctoral support from the ASEE and W. S. Hwang acknowledges the support from Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2014R1A1A1004770). NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 1 AR 011101 DI 10.1063/1.4905155 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CA6CC UT WOS:000348995000001 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Siegmann, WL AF Collins, Michael D. Siegmann, William L. TI Treatment of a sloping fluid-solid interface and sediment layering with the seismo-acoustic parabolic equation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; APPROXIMATIONS; RAYLEIGH; MEDIA; DEPTH AB The parabolic equation method is extended to handle problems in seismo-acoustics that have multiple fluid and solid layers, continuous depth dependence within layers, and sloping interfaces between layers. The medium is approximated in terms of a series of range-independent regions, and a single-scattering approximation is used to compute transmitted fields across the vertical interfaces between regions. The approach is implemented in terms of a set of dependent variables that is well suited to piecewise continuous depth dependence in the elastic parameters, but one of the fluid-solid interface conditions in that formulation involves a second derivative that complicates the treatment of sloping interfaces. This issue is resolved by using a non-centered, four-point difference formula for the second derivative. The approach is implemented using a matrix decomposition that is efficient when the parameters of the medium have a general dependence within the upper layers of the sediment but only depend on depth in the water column and deep within the sediment. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Collins, Michael D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siegmann, William L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Siegmann, WL (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM siegmw@rpi.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 137 IS 1 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1121/1.4904526 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AZ6ZX UT WOS:000348369000065 PM 25618077 ER PT J AU Brooks, DH Ugarte-Urra, I Warren, HP AF Brooks, David H. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Warren, Harry P. TI Full-Sun observations for identifying the source of the slow solar wind SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE-REGION OUTFLOWS; DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE; HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC DATABASE; TRANSITION ZONE; CORONAL HOLES; HINODE AB Fast (>700 km s(-1)) and slow (similar to 400 km s(-1)) winds stream from the Sun, permeate the heliosphere and influence the near-Earth environment. While the fast wind is known to emanate primarily from polar coronal holes, the source of the slow wind remains unknown. Here we identify possible sites of origin using a slow solar wind source map of the entire Sun, which we construct from specially designed, full-disk observations from the Hinode satellite, and a magnetic field model. Our map provides a full-Sun observation that combines three key ingredients for identifying the sources: velocity, plasma composition and magnetic topology and shows them as solar wind composition plasma outflowing on open magnetic field lines. The area coverage of the identified sources is large enough that the sum of their mass contributions can explain a significant fraction of the mass loss rate of the solar wind. C1 [Brooks, David H.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brooks, DH (reprint author), Hinode Team, ISAS JAXA, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM dhbrooks@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 FU NASA Hinode program; Naval Research Laboratory FX D.H.B. thanks M. L. DeRosa for guidance on the use of the PFSS software. This work was performed under contract with the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the NASA Hinode program. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving George Mason University, the University of Michigan (USA) and the University of Cambridge (UK). NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 AR 5947 DI 10.1038/ncomms6947 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA3MK UT WOS:000348810700003 PM 25562705 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Seelig, AD Ryan, MAK Jones, JM Hooper, TI Jacobson, IG Boyko, EJ AF Wells, Timothy S. Seelig, Amber D. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Jones, Jason M. Hooper, Tomoko I. Jacobson, Isabel G. Boyko, Edward J. TI Hearing loss associated with US military combat deployment SO NOISE & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Combat disorders; hearing loss; military personnel ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MILLENNIUM COHORT; SERVICE MEMBERS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; IMPULSE NOISE; ADULTS; PERSONNEL; RISK; POPULATION; IMPAIRMENT AB The objective of this study was to define the risk of hearing loss among US military members in relation to their deployment experiences. Data were drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study. Self-reported data and objective military service data were used to assess exposures and outcomes. Among all 48,540 participants, 7.5% self-reported new-onset hearing loss. Self-reported hearing loss showed moderate to substantial agreement (k = 0.57-0.69) with objective audiometric measures. New-onset hearing loss was associated with combat deployment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49-1.77), as well as male sex and older age. Among deployers, new-onset hearing loss was also associated with proximity to improvised explosive devices (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.62-2.73) and with experiencing a combat-related head injury (AOR = 6.88, 95% CI = 3.77-12.54). These findings have implications for health care and disability planning, as well as for prevention programs. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] Adv Analyt Optum, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Adv Analyt Optum, San Diego, CA USA. [Seelig, Amber D.; Jacobson, Isabel G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Jones, Jason M.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, San Diego, CA USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Seelig, Amber D.; Boyko, Edward J.] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), 1839 Waverly Rd, Holt, MI USA. EM tmlbwells@wowway.com NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 1463-1741 EI 1998-4030 J9 NOISE HEALTH JI Noise Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 17 IS 74 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ7EH UT WOS:000348381200005 PM 25599756 ER PT J AU Collins, JD Markham, A Service, K Reini, S Wolf, E Sessoms, P AF Collins, John-David Markham, Amanda Service, Kathrine Reini, Seth Wolf, Erik Sessoms, Pinata TI A systematic literature review of the use and effectiveness of the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment for research and rehabilitation as it relates to the wounded warrior SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Review DE CAREN; immersive virtual environment; warfighter; therapy ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT; MOVING PLATFORM; BALANCE; CAREN; STABILITY; STROKE; PERFORMANCE; FEEDBACK; POSTSTROKE; TREADMILL AB BACKGROUND: Several U.S. military treatment and research facilities employ a Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) [Motek Medical BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands] for research and rehabilitation of complex injuries exhibited by Wounded Warriors. There has been little scientific evidence of the effectiveness of this type of system for rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of the literature was completed to determine what type of work has been performed on the CAREN and report findings of clinical significance. METHODS: Specific terms were searched on electronic databases to include journal articles, abstracts, and peer-reviewed conference proceedings related to the CAREN. RESULTS: Twenty-six publications were elicited that met our criteria. These were divided by their primary focus: rehabilitation, clinical research, and technical reports. DISCUSSION: Results from published articles have determined that the system is a capable tool for both assessment and rehabilitation, but little has currently been published, particularly on patient populations. CONCLUSION: More research needs to be performed to evaluate its effectiveness as a rehabilitation tool compared to other rehabilitation methods. It is expected that a system, such as the CAREN, will challenge patients multifactorially (e.g. physically and cognitively) and provide biofeedback while decreasing rehabilitation time and increasing effectiveness of treatment. C1 [Collins, John-David; Markham, Amanda; Service, Kathrine; Reini, Seth; Sessoms, Pinata] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Wolf, Erik] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Collins, JD (reprint author), 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM johndavidcollins@gmail.com NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 EI 1875-9270 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2015 VL 50 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.3233/WOR-141927 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AZ2DQ UT WOS:000348045300014 PM 25167904 ER PT J AU Davenport, TC AF Davenport, Tiffany C. TI Policy-Induced Risk and Responsive Participation: The Effect of a Son's Conscription Risk on the Voting Behavior of His Parents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRAFT LOTTERY; VIETNAM-WAR; SELF-INTEREST; IRAQ-WAR; PROSPECT-THEORY; PUBLIC-OPINION; CASUALTIES; SUPPORT; ATTITUDES; ELECTIONS AB When do government policies induce responsive political participation? This study tests two hypotheses in the context of military draft policies. First, policy-induced risk motivates political participation. Second, contextual-level moderators, such as local events that make risk particularly salient, may intensify the effect of risk on participation. I use the random assignment of induction priority in the Vietnam draft lotteries to measure the effect of a son's draft risk on the voter turnout of his parents in the 1972 presidential election. I find higher rates of turnout among parents of men with losing draft lottery numbers. Among parents from towns with at least one prior war casualty, I find a 7 to 9 percentage point effect of a son's draft risk on his parents' turnout. The local casualty contextual-level moderator is theorized to operate through the mechanism of an availability heuristic, whereby parents from towns with casualties could more readily imagine the adverse consequences of draft risk. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Davenport, TC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tdavenpo@usna.edu NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0092-5853 EI 1540-5907 J9 AM J POLIT SCI JI Am. J. Polit. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 59 IS 1 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1111/ajps.12117 PG 17 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA AY9WG UT WOS:000347897800014 ER PT J AU Chow, E Gentry, S Dzebisashvili, N Schnitzler, M Lentine, K Massie, A Segev, D Axelrod, D AF Chow, Eric Gentry, Sommer Dzebisashvili, Nino Schnitzler, Mark Lentine, Krista Massie, Allan Segev, Dorry Axelrod, David TI Reducing Cost of Care for Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients By Redistricting Liver Allocation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual State of the Art Winter Symposium of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeons (ASTS) CY JAN 15-18, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg C1 [Chow, Eric; Massie, Allan; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, Sommer] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dzebisashvili, Nino; Schnitzler, Mark; Lentine, Krista] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Axelrod, David] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 SU 1 SI SI MA P-83 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AZ1YF UT WOS:000348030600110 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Massie, A Luo, X Segev, D AF Gentry, Sommer Chow, Eric Massie, Allan Luo, Xun Segev, Dorry TI Liver Sharing and Organ Procurement Organization Performance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual State of the Art Winter Symposium of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeons (ASTS) CY JAN 15-18, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg C1 [Gentry, Sommer] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Chow, Eric; Massie, Allan; Luo, Xun; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 SU 1 SI SI MA P-97 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AZ1YF UT WOS:000348030600124 ER PT J AU Chow, E Gentry, S Segev, D AF Chow, Eric Gentry, Sommer Segev, Dorry TI Predicted Impact of Redistricting on OPO-Level Import/Export of Livers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual State of the Art Winter Symposium of the American-Society-of-Transplant-Surgeons (ASTS) CY JAN 15-18, 2015 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg C1 [Chow, Eric; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, Sommer] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 SU 1 SI SI MA P-105 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AZ1YF UT WOS:000348030600131 ER PT J AU Sessions, WR Reid, JS Benedetti, A Colarco, PR da Silva, A Lu, S Sekiyama, T Tanaka, TY Baldasano, JM Basart, S Brooks, ME Eck, TF Iredell, M Hansen, JA Jorba, OC Juang, HMH Lynch, P Morcrette, JJ Moorthi, S Mulcahy, J Pradhan, Y Razinger, M Sampson, CB Wang, J Westphal, DL AF Sessions, W. R. Reid, J. S. Benedetti, A. Colarco, P. R. da Silva, A. Lu, S. Sekiyama, T. Tanaka, T. Y. Baldasano, J. M. Basart, S. Brooks, M. E. Eck, T. F. Iredell, M. Hansen, J. A. Jorba, O. C. Juang, H-M H. Lynch, P. Morcrette, J-J Moorthi, S. Mulcahy, J. Pradhan, Y. Razinger, M. Sampson, C. B. Wang, J. Westphal, D. L. TI Development towards a global operational aerosol consensus: basic climatological characteristics of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; OPTICAL DEPTH; DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB Here we present the first steps in developing a global multi-model aerosol forecasting ensemble intended for eventual operational and basic research use. Drawing from members of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP) latest generation of quasi-operational aerosol models, 5-day aerosol optical thickness (AOT) forecasts are analyzed for December 2011 through November 2012 from four institutions: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Naval Research Lab/Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (NRL/FNMOC). For dust, we also include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Geospatial Advisory Committee (NOAA NGAC) product in our analysis. The Barcelona Supercomputing Centre and UK Met Office dust products have also recently become members of ICAP, but have insufficient data to be included in this analysis period. A simple consensus ensemble of member and mean AOT fields for modal species (e.g., fine and coarse mode, and a separate dust ensemble) is used to create the ICAP Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME). The ICAP-MME is run daily at 00:00 UTC for 6-hourly forecasts out to 120 h. Basing metrics on comparisons to 21 regionally representative Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites, all models generally captured the basic aerosol features of the globe. However, there is an overall AOT low bias among models, particularly for high AOT events. Biomass burning regions have the most diversity in seasonal average AOT. The Southern Ocean, though low in AOT, nevertheless also has high diversity. With regard to root mean square error (RMSE), as expected the ICAP-MME placed first over all models worldwide, and was typically first or second in ranking against all models at individual sites. These results are encouraging; furthermore, as more global operational aerosol models come online, we expect their inclusion in a robust operational multi-model ensemble will provide valuable aerosol forecasting guidance. C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Lynch, P.] CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hansen, J. A.; Sampson, C. B.; Westphal, D. L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benedetti, A.; Morcrette, J-J; Razinger, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts Readi, Reading, Berks, England. [Colarco, P. R.; da Silva, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lu, S.; Iredell, M.; Juang, H-M H.; Moorthi, S.; Wang, J.] NOAA NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Sekiyama, T.; Tanaka, T. Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Atmospher Environm & Appl Meteorol Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Baldasano, J. M.; Basart, S.; Jorba, O. C.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Brooks, M. E.; Mulcahy, J.; Pradhan, Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, J.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Brooks, Malcolm/E-7466-2011; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Pradhan, Yaswant/0000-0002-3680-4751; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Brooks, Malcolm/0000-0002-4773-8630; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU Office of Naval Research [code 322]; MACC-II project - European Commission under the EU [283576]; Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan [B-1202]; Spanish Government [CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050]; Severo Ochoa Program [SEV-2011-00067] FX The authors are greatly indebted to their individual programs for supporting ICAP and the development of the multi-model ensemble. We recognize and appreciate the countless researchers and computer engineers whose work supports the development and distribution of aerosol forecasts. As data assimilation is key to model performance, we are grateful to NASA LANCE-MODIS for providing MODIS near-real-time data used in nearly all of the models here. We also acknowledge the effort of the AERONET team (project leader Brent Holben) and the various site principal investigators and site managers of the numerous AERONET sites utilized in this study. Funding for the development of the construction of ICAP-MME was provided by the Office of Naval Research, code 322. Angela Benedetti, Jean-Jacques Morcrette and Miha Razinger were supported through the MACC-II project, which is funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract number 283576. MASINGAR is developed in the Meteorological Research Institute of Japan Meteorological Agency, and a part of the development was funded by the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (B-1202) of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan. NAAPS development is supported by the Office of Naval Research code 322, and PMW-120. NGAC development has been supported by Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, NASA Applied Science Program, and NOAA National Weather Service. NMMB/BSC-CTM development is supported by the Spanish Government under grants CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050 and the grant SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program. NR 147 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 335 EP 362 DI 10.5194/acp-15-335-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TQ UT WOS:000347958200020 ER PT J AU Mahadik, NA Qadri, SB Freitas, JA AF Mahadik, N. A. Qadri, S. B. Freitas, J. A., Jr. TI Structural Inhomogeneities and Impurity Incorporation in Growth of High-Quality Ammonothermal GaN Substrates SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID STRESS; LAYERS; HEMTS; BULK AB Ammonothermal Gallium Nitride (GaN) substrates are the most promising substrates for homoepitaxial growth of GaN films having low dislocation density. Growth-induced structural inhomogeneities in these substrates were investigated by high-resolution X-ray topography (HR-XRT) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD). A one-to-one correlation of defects was observed in photoluminescence imaging. From the HR-XRD intrinsic rocking curve widths were found to be 16 arcsecs indicating superior crystalline quality. The lattice constants were measured from symmetric and asymmetric reflections to be similar to bulk values indicting low sample strian. The true dislocation density, from the HR-XRT images, was observed to be of the order of 10(2) cm(-2) in the samples, and the radius of curvature was greater than 600 m. Growth striations were observed in the a and m-pane samples and are attributed to inhomogeneity in impurity incorporation during growth. Photoluminescence imaging showed deep level luminescent centers along the growth striations. C1 [Mahadik, N. A.; Qadri, S. B.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahadik, NA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nadeem.mahadik@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 1 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1021/cg5013523 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA AY6HK UT WOS:000347667500036 ER PT J AU Dzikowicz, BR Hefner, BT Leasko, RA AF Dzikowicz, Benjamin R. Hefner, Brian T. Leasko, Robert A. TI Underwater Acoustic Navigation Using a Beacon With a Spiral Wave Front SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Acoustic devices; acoustic navigation; phased array; underwater navigation ID ARRAY AB In this paper, a method for performing underwater acoustic navigation using a spiral wave-front beacon is examined. A transducer designed to emit a signal whose phase changes by 360 in one revolution can be used in conjunction with a reference signal to determine the aspect of a remote receiver relative to the beacon. Experiments are conducted comparing spiral wave-front beacon navigation to Global Positioning System (GPS) onboard an unmanned surface vehicle. The advantages and disadvantages of several outgoing signals and processing techniques are compared. The most successful technique involves the use of a phased array projector utilizing a broadband signal. Aspect is determined by using a weighted mean over frequencies. Sources of error for each of the techniques are also examined. C1 [Dzikowicz, Benjamin R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hefner, Brian T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Leasko, Robert A.] NSWC PCD, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dzikowicz, BR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ben.dzikowicz@nrl.navy.mil; hefner@apl.washingtion.edu; robert.leasko@navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. This work was presented in part at the Second Pan-American/Iberian Meeting on Acoustics, Cancun, Mexico, Nov. 15-19, 2010 (J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 128, p. 2328, Nov. 2010) and at the 162nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 2011 (J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 130, p. 2527, Nov. 2011). NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2293962 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AZ0ZY UT WOS:000347971400016 ER PT J AU Park, MS Kim, HS Ho, CH Elsberry, RL Lee, MI AF Park, Myung-Sook Kim, Hyeong-Seog Ho, Chang-Hoi Elsberry, Russell L. Lee, Myong-In TI Tropical Cyclone Mekkhala's (2008) Formation over the South China Sea: Mesoscale, Synoptic-Scale, and Large-Scale Contributions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVE; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; MULTIVARIATE MJO INDEX; PREEXISTING TYPHOON; ENERGY DISPERSION; COOLING RATES; PART I; CYCLOGENESIS AB Tropical cyclone formation close to the coastline of the Asian continent presents a significant threat to heavily populated coastal countries. A case study of Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2008) that developed off the coast of Vietnamis presented using the high-resolution analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts/Year of Tropical Convection and multiple satellite observations. The authors have analyzed contributions to the formation from large-scale intraseasonal variability, synoptic perturbations, and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Within a large-scale westerly wind burst (WWB) associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), synoptic perturbations generated by two preceding tropical cyclones initiated the pre-Mekkhala low-level vortex over the Philippine Sea. Typhoon Hagupit produced a synoptic-scale wave train that contributed to the development of Jangmi, but likely suppressed the Mekkhala formation. The low-level vortex of the pre-Mekkhala disturbance was then initiated in a confluent zone between northeasterlies in advance of Typhoon Jangmi and the WWB. Akey contribution to the development of Mekkhala was from diurnally varying MCSs that were invigorated in the WWB. The oceanic MCSs, which typically develop off the west coast of the Philippines in the morning and dissipate in the afternoon, were prolonged beyond the regular diurnal cycle. A combination with the MCSs developing downstream of the Philippines led to the critical structure change of the oceanic convective cluster, which implies the critical role of mesoscale processes. Therefore, the diurnally varying mesoscale convective processes over both the ocean and land are shown to have an essential role in the formation of Mekkhala in conjunction with large-scale MJO and the synoptic-scale TC influences. C1 [Park, Myung-Sook; Lee, Myong-In] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Korea Maritime & Ocean Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, Pusan 606791, South Korea. [Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Korea Maritime & Ocean Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, 727 Taejongro, Pusan 606791, South Korea. EM hyeongseog@kmou.ac.kr RI Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015; OI Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under the Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Earthquake Research (CATER) [2012-2040]; Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under the Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Earthquake Research (CATER) Grant 2012-2040. Professor R. L. Elsberry is supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Figures 10-12 were generated through a program on University of Utah PMM sciences site. Thus, the first author appreciates Dr. C. Liu at Texas A&M for discussing the figures. Mrs. Penny Jones is acknowledged for her support in the manuscript preparation. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 143 IS 1 BP 88 EP 110 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00119.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0DO UT WOS:000347916700007 ER PT J AU Liao, FL Lo, B Sexton, D Qu, J Ma, CS Chan, RCT Lu, Q Che, RC Kwok, WM He, HY Fairclough, S Tsang, SCE AF Liao, Fenglin Lo, Ben Tsz Sexton, Douglas Qu, Jin Ma, Chensheng Chan, Rath Chau-Ting Lu, Qin Che, Renchao Kwok, Wai-Ming He, Heyong Fairclough, Simon Tsang, Shik Chi Edman TI A New Class of Tunable Heterojunction by using Two Support Materials for the Synthesis of Supported Bimetallic Catalysts SO CHEMCATCHEM LA English DT Article DE excitons; heterojunctions; nanoparticles; reduction; supported catalysts ID FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS; METHANOL; HYDROCARBONS; SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID; ALLOYS; CO AB Finely dispersed Rh or Pd nanoparticles are decorated with a small quantity of Fe atoms, originating from the controlled reduction of two supports, the mixed oxides of ZnFe2O4-Fe2O3, to form supported RhFe or PdFe bimetallic nanoparticles without significant change in particle size. The selectivity of ethylene glycol hydrogenolysis can be manipulated by adjusting the compositions of the catalysts. This reveals the important underlying principle for rational design and synthesis of new supported bimetallic nanoparticles by using two mixed oxides with a tailored heterojunction that exerts tuning catalytic properties. C1 [Liao, Fenglin; Lo, Ben Tsz; Sexton, Douglas; Qu, Jin; Fairclough, Simon; Tsang, Shik Chi Edman] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Wolfson Catalysis Ctr, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Ma, Chensheng; Chan, Rath Chau-Ting; Kwok, Wai-Ming] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Qin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Che, Renchao; He, Heyong] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Tsang, SCE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Wolfson Catalysis Ctr, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. EM Edman.Tsang@chem.ox.ac.uk OI KWOK, Wai-Ming/0000-0003-3673-1182 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1867-3880 EI 1867-3899 J9 CHEMCATCHEM JI ChemCatChem PD JAN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1002/cctc.201402710 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AY8CG UT WOS:000347781400005 ER PT J AU Staton, SJR Woodward, A Castillo, JA Swing, K Hayes, MA AF Staton, Sarah J. R. Woodward, Andrea Castillo, Josemar A. Swing, Kelly Hayes, Mark A. TI Ground level environmental protein concentrations in various ecuadorian environments: Potential uses of aerosolized protein for ecological research SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; Ecuador; Environmental monitoring; Non-invasive; Protein ID PARTICULATE MATTER; AMAZONIA; IDENTIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; DEFORESTATION; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SITE; MASS AB Large quantities of free protein in the environment and other bioaerosols are ubiquitous throughout terrestrial ground level environments and may be integrative indicators of ecosystem status. Samples of ground level bioaerosols were collected from various ecosystems throughout Ecuador, including pristine humid tropical forest (pristine), highly altered secondary humid tropical forest (highly altered), secondary transitional very humid forest (regrowth transitional), and suburban dry montane deforested (suburban deforested). The results explored the sensitivity of localized aerosol protein concentrations to spatial and temporal variations within ecosystems, and their value for assessing environmental change. Ecosystem specific variations in environmental protein concentrations were observed: pristine 0.32 +/- 0.09 mu g/m(3), highly altered 0.07 +/- 0.05 mu g/m(3), regrowth transitional 0.17 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3), and suburban deforested 0.09 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3). Additionally, comparisons of intra-environmental differences in seasonal/daily weather (dry season 0.08 +/- 0.03 mu g/m(3) and wet season 0.10 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3)), environmental fragmentation (buffered 0.19 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3) and edge 0.15 +/- 0.06 mu g/m(3)), and sampling height (ground level 0.32 +/- 0.09 mu g/m(3) and 10 m 0.24 +/- 0.04 mu g/m(3)) demonstrated the sensitivity of protein concentrations to environmental conditions. Local protein concentrations in altered environments correlated well with satellite-based spectral indices describing vegetation productivity: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (r(2)=0.801), net primary production (NPP) (r(2) = 0.827), leaf area index (LAI) (r(2)=0.410). Moreover, protein concentrations distinguished the pristine site, which was not differentiated in spectral indices, potentially due to spectral saturation typical of highly vegetated environments. Bioaerosol concentrations represent an inexpensive method to increase understanding of environmental changes, especially in densely vegetated ecosystems with high canopies or in areas needing high spatial and temporal resolution. Further research to expand understanding of the applicability of bioaerosol concentrations for environmental monitoring is supported by this pilot study. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Staton, Sarah J. R.; Castillo, Josemar A.; Hayes, Mark A.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Swing, Kelly] Univ San Francisco Quito, Cumbaya, Ecuador. RP Staton, SJR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sjrstaton@gmail.com FU Department of State Fulbright Fellowship; Department of Education Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowship (FLAS) FX This research was financially supported in part through the Department of State Fulbright Fellowship and the Department of Education Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowship (FLAS). Great thanks are extended to the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for all of their assistance, guidance, and access to the Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini. Also appreciated are the contributions and access offered by Dr. Jorge Nunez, Dr. William Waters, Dr. Wilma Freire, Ms. Anne Helke, Dr. Tod Swanson, the School of the Andes and Amazon, Mr. Samuel Andi, and the Itapod Reserve. The research was conducted under permit number 014-IC-FAU/FLO-DPN/MA from the Ecuadorian Ministerio del Ambiente. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 48 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.036 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY3PK UT WOS:000347495100041 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ AF Turchi, Peter J. TI Compact Transformer Drive for High-Current Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Megampere; pulsed power; transformer ID PLASMA-FLOW SWITCH AB The approach called precision high energy-density liner implosion experiment (PHELIX) provides a technique to allow research on high energy-density phenomena associated with liner implosions in a scaled-down system suitable for use with proton radiography. It has been noted that the ratio of load current to bank energy is almost an order of magnitude higher using the PHELIX transformer technique than achievable with direct drive from high-energy capacitor banks. This increase in current per stored-joule offers the opportunity for using similar transformer arrangements for other applications apart from imploding liners. These potential applications include rail-guns and the dense plasma focus. Results from the dimensionless analyses previously used successfully to design PHELIX will be described for these new applications and design limitations will be discussed. C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Air Force Weap Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Technol Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] R&D Associates Inc, Washington Res Lab, Alexandria, VA USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM nmturchi1@aol.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2375312 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8EL UT WOS:000347787100002 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ AF Turchi, Peter J. TI Liner Stability Problems for Megagauss Fusion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fusion; imploding liners; megagauss ID COMPRESSION AB Megagauss fields obtained by liner implosion may offer controlled fusion at much lower cost, size, and entry power levels than conventional fusion schemes. Such implosions are subject to elastic-plastic instability (for solid-density liners) and Rayleigh-Taylor instability in fluid liners (liquid or plasma). This paper provides budgets on allowable perturbations for the inner surface of the liner to offer a simple guide for researchers. C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Air Force Weap Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Technol Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] R&D Associates Inc, Washington Res Lab, Alexandria, VA USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Turchi, Peter J.] Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM nmturchi1@aol.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2375315 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AY8EL UT WOS:000347787100009 ER PT J AU Jardine, DA Recupero, WD Conley, GS AF Jardine, Dinchen A. Recupero, William D. Conley, George S. TI An Unusual Cause of Sudden Hearing Loss SO JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEUROSARCOIDOSIS; SARCOIDOSIS; MANAGEMENT C1 [Jardine, Dinchen A.; Recupero, William D.; Conley, George S.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Jardine, DA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Dinchen.Jardine@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6181 EI 2168-619X J9 JAMA OTOLARYNGOL JI JAMA Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2785 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA AZ1AQ UT WOS:000347973300018 PM 25375245 ER PT J AU Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT AF Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Are Eyewall Replacement Cycles Governed Largely by Axisymmetric Balance Dynamics? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons ID SECONDARY EYEWALL AB The authors question the widely held view that radial contraction of a secondary eyewall during an eyewall replacement cycle is well understood and governed largely by the classical theory of axisymmetric balance dynamics. The investigation is based on a comparison of the secondary circulation and derived tangential wind tendency between a full-physics simulation and the Sawyer-Eliassen balance model. The comparison is made at a time when the full-physics model exhibits radial contraction of the secondary eyewall during a canonical eyewall replacement cycle. It is shown that the Sawyer-Eliassen model is unable to capture the phenomenology of secondary eyewall radial contraction because it predicts a net spindown of the boundary layer tangential winds and does not represent the boundary layer spinup mechanism that has been articulated in recent work. C1 [Abarca, Sergio F.; Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Abarca, SF (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 589 Dyer Rd,Root Hall,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sergio.abarca.fuente@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0733380, IAA-1313948]; National Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program; National Research Council (NRC) through its host institution; Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Awards AGS 0733380 and IAA-1313948. Sergio F. Abarca gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program, and the host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. The authors thank Professor Roger Smith for reading a draft of the manuscript and offering suggestions that helped clarify the presentation. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0151.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY1WA UT WOS:000347378900006 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Jin, Y Zhao, QY Cao, J AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Jin, Yi Zhao, Qingyun Cao, Jie TI A Dynamically Constrained Method for Determining the Vortex Centers of Tropical Cyclones Predicted by High-Resolution Models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Variational analysis; Diagnostics ID INITIALIZATION SCHEME; RELOCATION; SYSTEM AB This paper proposes a new method to properly define and accurately determine the vortex center of a model-predicted tropical cyclone (TC) from a dynamic perspective. Ideally, a dynamically determined TC vortex center should maximize the gradient wind balance or, equivalently, minimize the gradient wind imbalance measured by an energy norm over the TC vortex. In practice, however, such an energy norm cannot be used to easily and unambiguously determine the TC vortex center. An alternative yet practical approach is developed to dynamically and unambiguously define the TC vortex center. In this approach, the TC vortex core of near-solid-body rotation is modeled by a simple parametric vortex constrained by the gradient wind balance. Therefore, the modeled vortex can fit simultaneously the perturbation pressure and streamfunction of the TC vortex part (extracted from the model-predicted fields) over the TC vortex core area (within the radius of maximum tangential wind), while the misfit is measured by a properly defined cost function. Minimizing this cost function yields the desired dynamic optimality condition that can uniquely define the TC vortex center. Using this dynamic optimality condition, a new method is developed in the form of iterative least squares fit to accurately determine the TC vortex center. The new method is shown to be efficient and effective for finding the TC vortex center that accurately satisfies the dynamic optimality condition. C1 [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Jin, Yi; Zhao, Qingyun] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Cao, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141010778, N000141410281]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors are thankful to Qingfu Liu and Guang-Ping Lou of NCEP, Vincent Wood of NSSL, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research was supported by the ONR Grants N000141010778 and N000141410281 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The COAMPS-TC simulations were performed at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center at Stennis, MS. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 88 EP 103 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0090.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY1WA UT WOS:000347378900007 ER PT J AU Potter, H Graber, HC Williams, NJ Collins, CO Ramos, RJ Drennan, WM AF Potter, Henry Graber, Hans C. Williams, Neil J. Collins, Clarence O., III Ramos, Rafael J. Drennan, William M. TI In situ Measurements of Momentum Fluxes in Typhoons SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Hurricanes; typhoons; Marine boundary layer ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; ATMOSPHERE-WAVE-OCEAN; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TURBULENT FLUXES; SENSIBLE HEAT; WIND STRESS; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; CBLAST-HURRICANE; ITOP 2010 AB One of the scientific objectives of the U.S. Office of Naval Research-sponsored Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) campaign was improved understanding of air-sea fluxes at high wind speeds. Here the authors present the first-ever direct measurements of momentum fluxes recorded in typhoons near the surface. Data were collected from a moored buoy over 3 months during the 2010 Pacific typhoon season. During this period, three typhoons and a tropical storm were encountered. Maximum 30-min sustained wind speeds above 26 m s(-1) were recorded. Data are presented for 1245 h of direct flux measurements. The drag coefficient shows evidence of a rolloff at wind speeds greater than 22 m s(-1), which occurred during the passage of a single typhoon. This result is in agreement with other studies but occurs at a lower wind speed than previously measured. The authors conclude that this rolloff was caused by a reduction in the turbulent momentum flux at the frequency of the peak waves during strongly forced conditions. C1 [Potter, Henry; Graber, Hans C.; Williams, Neil J.; Collins, Clarence O., III; Ramos, Rafael J.; Drennan, William M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Potter, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM henry.potter.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Collins, Clarence/P-7384-2015; OI Collins, Clarence/0000-0003-4553-616X; Potter, Henry/0000-0003-0142-107X FU ONR [N0014-09-1-0392, DURIP N00014-09-0818]; NSF [OCE-0526442] FX ITOP was funded by ONR under Grant N0014-09-1-0392. We thank this agency for their support. We also acknowledge the contributions of Mike Rebozo at RSMAS, Joe Gabriele and Cary Smith of Environment Canada, and the WHOI mooring group led by John Kemp. We are also grateful for support and assistance provided by the captains and crew of the R/V Roger Revelle. We acknowledge additional support from NSF (Grant OCE-0526442) for the development of the EASI buoy and ONR (Grant DURIP N00014-09-0818) for funding construction of the second EASI buoy. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers and the editor. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 104 EP 118 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0025.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY1WA UT WOS:000347378900008 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Leary, DH Malanoski, AP Li, RW Hervey, WJ Eddie, BJ Tender, GS Yanosky, SG Vora, GJ Tender, LM Lin, B Strycharz-Glaven, SM AF Wang, Zheng Leary, Dagmar H. Malanoski, Anthony P. Li, Robert W. Hervey, W. Judson Eddie, Brian J. Tender, Gabrielle S. Yanosky, Shelley G. Vora, Gary J. Tender, Leonard M. Lin, Baochuan Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M. TI A Previously Uncharacterized, Nonphotosynthetic Member of the Chromatiaceae Is the Primary CO2-Fixing Constituent in a Self-Regenerating Biocathode SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MICROBIAL ELECTROSYNTHESIS; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; METAPROTEOMIC ANALYSES; COMMODITY CHEMICALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; BACTERIA; PROTEIN; BIOFILMS AB Biocathode extracellular electron transfer (EET) may be exploited for biotechnology applications, including microbially mediated O-2 reduction in microbial fuel cells and microbial electrosynthesis. However, biocathode mechanistic studies needed to improve or engineer functionality have been limited to a few select species that form sparse, homogeneous biofilms characterized by little or no growth. Attempts to cultivate isolates from biocathode environmental enrichments often fail due to a lack of some advantage provided by life in a consortium, highlighting the need to study and understand biocathode consortia in situ. Here, we present metagenomic and metaproteomic characterization of a previously described biocathode biofilm (+310 mV versus a standard hydrogen electrode [SHE]) enriched from seawater, reducing O-2, and presumably fixing CO2 for biomass generation. Metagenomics identified 16 distinct cluster genomes, 15 of which could be assigned at the family or genus level and whose abundance was roughly divided between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 644 proteins were identified from shotgun metaproteomics and have been deposited in the the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001045. Cluster genomes were used to assign the taxonomic identities of 599 proteins, with Marinobacter, Chromatiaceae, and Labrenzia the most represented. RubisCO and phosphoribulokinase, along with 9 other Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle proteins, were identified from Chromatiaceae. In addition, proteins similar to those predicted for iron oxidation pathways of known iron-oxidizing bacteria were observed for Chromatiaceae. These findings represent the first description of putative EET and CO2 fixation mechanisms for a self-regenerating, self-sustaining multispecies biocathode, providing potential targets for functional engineering, as well as new insights into biocathode EET pathways using proteomics. C1 [Wang, Zheng; Leary, Dagmar H.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Hervey, W. Judson; Vora, Gary J.; Tender, Leonard M.; Lin, Baochuan; Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, Robert W.] ARS, USDA, Anim Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Eddie, Brian J.; Tender, Gabrielle S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Yanosky, Shelley G.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Strycharz-Glaven, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.glaven@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597; Eddie, Brian/0000-0002-3559-3892 FU Office of Naval Research via U.S. NRL core funds [N0001413WX20995, N0001414WX20485, N0001414WX20518] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research via U.S. NRL core funds, as well as under the following award numbers (to S.M.S.-G.): N0001413WX20995, N0001414WX20485, and N0001414WX20518. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 IS 2 BP 699 EP 712 DI 10.1128/AEM.02947-14 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AY1UL UT WOS:000347377500026 PM 25398855 ER PT J AU Secrest, NJ Satyapal, S Gliozzi, M Rothberg, B Ellison, SL Mowry, WS Rosenberg, JL Fischer, J Schmitt, H AF Secrest, N. J. Satyapal, S. Gliozzi, M. Rothberg, B. Ellison, S. L. Mowry, W. S. Rosenberg, J. L. Fischer, J. Schmitt, H. TI AN OPTICALLY OBSCURED AGN IN A LOW MASS, IRREGULAR DWARF GALAXY: A MULTI-WAVELENGTH ANALYSIS OF J1329+3234 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: dwarf; infrared: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY SOURCES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES; CARTWHEEL RING GALAXY; BLACK-HOLES; BULGELESS GALAXIES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; RADIO GALAXIES AB Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found ubiquitously in large, bulge-dominated galaxies throughout the local universe, yet little is known about their presence and properties in bulgeless and low-mass galaxies. This is a significant deficiency, since the mass distribution and occupation fraction of nonstellar black holes provide important observational constraints on SMBH seed formation theories and many dwarf galaxies have not undergone major mergers that would erase information on their original black hole population. Using data from the Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer, we discovered hundreds of bulgeless and dwarf galaxies that display mid-infrared signatures of extremely hot dust highly suggestive of powerful accreting massive black holes, despite having no signatures of black hole activity at optical wavelengths. Here we report, in our first follow-up X-ray investigation of this population, that the irregular dwarf galaxy J132932.41+323417.0 (z = 0.0156) contains a hard, unresolved X-ray source detected by XMM -Newton with luminosity L2-10 keV = 2.4 x 10(40) erg s(-1), over two orders of magnitude greater than that expected from star formation, strongly suggestive of the presence of an accreting massive black hole. While enhanced X-ray emission and hot dust can be produced in extremely low metallicity environments, J132932.41+323417.0 is not extremely metal poor (approximate to 40% solar). With a stellar mass of 2.0 x 10(8) M-circle dot, this galaxy is similar in mass to the Small Magellanic Cloud, and is one of the lowest mass galaxies with evidence for a massive nuclear black hole currently known. C1 [Secrest, N. J.; Satyapal, S.; Gliozzi, M.; Rothberg, B.; Mowry, W. S.; Rosenberg, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rothberg, B.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Rothberg, B.] Univ Arizona, LBT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ellison, S. L.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. [Fischer, J.; Schmitt, H.] Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Secrest, NJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Fischer, Jacqueline/0000-0001-6697-7808 FU Chandra Guest Investigator Program under NASA [G01-12126X]; NSF-AST [000167932]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank the anonymous referee for a very thorough and considered review that significantly improved the quality of this paper. N.J.S. and S.S. gratefully acknowledge support by the Chandra Guest Investigator Program under NASA Grant G01-12126X. J.L.R. acknowledges support from NSF-AST 000167932. Basic research in astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR 38 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/38 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX9TO UT WOS:000347245100035 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Colaninno, RC Baranyi, T Li, J AF Wang, Y. -M. Colaninno, R. C. Baranyi, T. Li, J. TI ACTIVE-REGION TILT ANGLES: MAGNETIC VERSUS WHITE-LIGHT DETERMINATIONS OF JOY'S LAW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: faculae, plages; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: photosphere; sunspots ID FLUX TRANSPORT DYNAMO; SUNSPOT GROUPS; SOLAR SURFACE; SUN; FIELDS; CYCLE; MODEL; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; LATITUDE AB The axes of solar active regions are inclined relative to the east-west direction, with the tilt angle tending to increase with latitude ("Joy's law"). Observational determinations of Joy's law have been based either on white-light images of sunspot groups or on magnetograms, where the latter have the advantage of measuring directly the physically relevant quantity (the photospheric field), but the disadvantage of having been recorded routinely only since the mid-1960s. White-light studies employing the historical Mount Wilson (MW) database have yielded tilt angles that are smaller and that increase less steeply with latitude than those obtained from magnetic data. We confirm this effect by comparing sunspot-group tilt angles from the Debrecen Photoheliographic Database with measurements made by Li and Ulrich using MW magnetograms taken during cycles 21-23. Whether white-light or magnetic data are employed, the median tilt angles significantly exceed the mean values, and provide a better characterization of the observed distributions. The discrepancy between the white-light and magnetic results is found to have two main sources. First, a substantial fraction of the white-light "tilt angles" refer to sunspots of the same polarity. Of greater physical significance is that the magnetograph measurements include the contribution of plage areas, which are invisible in white-light images but tend to have greater axial inclinations than the adjacent sunspots. Given the large uncertainties inherent in both the white-light and the magnetic measurements, it remains unclear whether any systematic relationship exists between tilt angle and cycle amplitude during cycles 16-23. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Colaninno, R. C.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baranyi, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Heliophys Observ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. [Li, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; robin.colaninno@nrl.navy.mil; baranyi@tigris.unideb.hu; jli@igpp.ucla.edu OI Colaninno, Robin/0000-0002-3253-4205 FU Office of Naval Research; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (project eHEROES) FX We thank the referee for comments, and G. Chintzoglou, J. S. Morrill, K. Muglach, N. R. Sheeley, Jr., D. G. Socker, R. K. Ulrich, and the participants of the International Space Science Institute Workshop on "The Solar Activity Cycle: Physical Causes and Consequences" for helpful discussions. We are also indebted to the Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory, MW/UCLA, and NSO/KP for providing the data used in this investigation, which was funded by the Office of Naval Research and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (project eHEROES). NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 798 IS 1 AR 50 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/50 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX9TO UT WOS:000347245100047 ER PT J AU Haq, R Aras, R Besachio, DA Borgie, RC Audette, MA AF Haq, Rabia Aras, Rifat Besachio, David A. Borgie, Roderick C. Audette, Michel A. TI 3D lumbar spine intervertebral disc segmentation and compression simulation from MRI using shape-aware models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOLOGY AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Lumbar intervertebral disc; Herniated disc; Active surface models; Disc compression ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; DEGENERATION; MESHES AB More accurate and robust image segmentations are needed for identification of spine pathologies and to assist with spine surgery planning and simulation. A framework for 3D segmentation of healthy and herniated intervertebral discs from T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was developed that exploits weak shape priors encoded in simplex mesh active surface models. Weak shape priors inherent in simplex mesh deformable models have been exploited to automatically segment intervertebral discs. An ellipsoidal simplex template mesh was initialized within the disc image boundary through affine landmark-based registration and was allowed to deform according to image gradient forces. Coarse-to-fine multi-resolution approach was adopted in conjunction with decreasing shape memory forces to accurately capture the disc boundary. User intervention is allowed to turn off the shape feature and guide model deformation when the internal simplex shape memory influence hinders detection of pathology. A resulting surface mesh was utilized for disc compression simulation under gravitational and weight loads using Simulation Open Framework Architecture. For testing, 16 healthy discs were automatically segmented, and five pathological discs were segmented with minimal supervision. Segmentation results were validated against expert guided segmentation and demonstrate mean absolute shape distance error of 1 mm. Healthy intervertebral disc compression simulation resulted in a bulging disc under vertical pressure of 100 N/cm. This study presents the application of a simplex active surface model featuring weak shape priors for 3D segmentation of healthy as well as herniated discs. A framework was developed that enables the application of shape priors in the healthy part of disc anatomy, with user intervention when the priors were inapplicable. The surface-mesh-based segmentation method is part of a processing pipeline for anatomical modelling to support interactive surgery simulation. C1 [Haq, Rabia; Aras, Rifat; Audette, Michel A.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Besachio, David A.; Borgie, Roderick C.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Haq, R (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rhaqx001@odu.edu; raras001@odu.edu; David.Besachio@med.navy.mil; Roderick.Borgie@med.navy.mil; maudette@odu.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-6410 EI 1861-6429 J9 INT J COMPUT ASS RAD JI Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s11548-014-1094-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA AY2IU UT WOS:000347413500005 PM 24996394 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, Daniel TI Knife Fights: A Memoir of Modern War in Theory and Practice SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Moran, Daniel] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 265 EP 266 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AY0ED UT WOS:000347269600061 ER PT J AU Willingham, D Naes, BE Fahey, AJ AF Willingham, D. Naes, B. E. Fahey, A. J. TI Validating mass spectrometry measurements of nuclear materials via a non-contact volume analysis method of ion sputter craters SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Sputter yield; Useful yield; Uranium ID DEPTH PROFILES; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CAMECA IMS-4F; ICP-MS; SIMS; SURFACE; SILICON; ENERGY; IONIZATION; PARTICLES AB A combination of secondary ion mass spectrometry, optical profilometry and a statistically-driven algorithm was used to develop a non-contact volume analysis method to validate the useful yields of nuclear materials. The volume analysis methodology was applied to ion sputter craters created in silicon and uranium substrates sputtered by 18.5 keV O- and 6.0 keV Ar+ ions. Sputter yield measurements were determined from the volume calculations and were shown to be comparable to Monte Carlo calculations and previously reported experimental observations. Additionally, the volume calculations were used to determine the useful yields of Si+, SiO+ and SiO2 (+) ions from the silicon substrate and U+, UO+ and UO2 (+) ions from the uranium substrate under 18.5 keV O- and 6.0 keV Ar+ ion bombardment. This work represents the first steps toward validating the interlaboratory and cross-platform performance of mass spectrometry for the analysis of nuclear materials. C1 [Willingham, D.; Naes, B. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fahey, A. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willingham, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.willingham@pnnl.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015; OI Willingham, David/0000-0002-7166-8994 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 303 IS 1 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3313-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AY0OB UT WOS:000347294600074 ER PT J AU O'Keeffe, SC Tang, S Kopacz, AM Smith, J Rowenhorst, DJ Spanos, G Liu, WK Olson, GB AF O'Keeffe, Stephanie Chan Tang, Shan Kopacz, Adrian M. Smith, Jacob Rowenhorst, David J. Spanos, George Liu, Wing Kam Olson, Gregory B. TI Multiscale ductile fracture integrating tomographic characterization and 3-D simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ductile fracture; 3-D characterization; Multiscale simulations; Crack propagation; Serial sectioning ID MULTIRESOLUTION CONTINUUM; STRENGTH STEELS; VOLUME FRACTION; PLASTICITY; FAILURE; MODEL; TOUGHNESS; MECHANISM AB Ductile fracture in alloys is a multiscale process in which primary voids formed at micron-scale particles coalesce by a zig-zag pattern of shear localization driven by finer-scale microvoiding at submicron-scale secondary particles. Employing the method of serial sectioning, unprecedented 3-D microstructural reconstructions of steel crack-tip process zones are obtained and implemented into a large-scale simulation for ductile fracture analysis. A quantitative understanding of the microvoid sheeting mechanism and mixed-mode failure controlling the zig-zag fracture surface are presented using the modeling technique utilized herein. We define and quantify metrics of fracture by analyzing the crack opening distance, process zone size, zig-zag wavelength and void growth ratios in the crack tip reconstructions. The quantitative agreement of these metrics between experiment and simulation supports a new and developing predictive structure/property theory to enable materials design. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Keeffe, Stephanie Chan; Olson, Gregory B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Tang, Shan; Kopacz, Adrian M.; Smith, Jacob; Liu, Wing Kam] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rowenhorst, David J.] Multifunct Mat Branch, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Spanos, George] Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Warrendale, PA 15086 USA. [Liu, Wing Kam] King Abdulaziz Univ, Distinguished Scientists Program Comm, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM w-liu@northwestern.edu; g-olson@northwestem.edu RI Olson, Gregory/B-7529-2009; Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009 FU ONR/DARPA; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the ONR/DARPA-sponsored Dynamic 3-Dimensional Digital Structures ("D3D") Program (Program Manager: Dr. Julie Christodoulou) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 82 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.016 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AX6FE UT WOS:000347017800047 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Liu, WX Wang, X Liu, LM Ferrese, F AF Zhang, Wei Liu, Wenxin Wang, Xin Liu, Liming Ferrese, Frank TI Online Optimal Generation Control Based on Constrained Distributed Gradient Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Distributed control system; distributed gradient algorithm; N-1 rule; online optimal generation control ID ECONOMIC-DISPATCH; POWER-SYSTEMS; FUTURE; OPTIMIZATION; FREQUENCY; CONSENSUS; NETWORK AB In traditional power system, economic dispatch and generation control are separately applied. Online generation adjustment is necessary to regulate generation reference for real-time control to realize economic operation of power systems. Since most economic dispatch solutions are centralized, they are usually expensive to implement, susceptible to single-point-failures, and inflexible. To address the above-mentioned problems, this paper proposed a multi-agent system based distributed control solution that can realize optimal generation control. The solution is designed based upon an improved distributed gradient algorithm, which can address both equality and inequality constraints. To improve the reliability of multi-agent system, the N - 1 rule is introduced to design the communication network topology. Compared with centralized solutions, the distributed control solution not only can achieve comparable solutions but also can respond timely when the systemexperiences change of operating conditions. MAS based real-time simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. C1 [Zhang, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Automat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wenxin] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [Wang, Xin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ctr Elect & Elect Technol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Liu, Liming] ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ferrese, Frank] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Automat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. FU U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS [1125776]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000141310161] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS #1125776 and in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N000141310161. Paper no. TPWRS-00452-2013. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 EI 1558-0679 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2319315 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AX1WM UT WOS:000346734000004 ER PT J AU Brownell, CJ AF Brownell, Cody J. TI Measurement of infiltration heat recovery in a test cell with high flow rates SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Infiltration; heat recovery; air leakage; building envelope; building energy use AB Infiltration heat recovery is the process that occurs when a building envelope acts as a heat exchanger for infiltrating air. This heat recovery process results in a reduced heat loss compared to predictions that use only flow rate and the total difference in enthalpy between inside and outside air. A series of experiments show the relationship between infiltration flow rate and heat loss in a test cell, with an emphasis on the high flow rate regime. A 3.5-m(3) test cell was built with standard light-frame construction and one removable panel, to allow testing of wall sections with different engineered flow path lengths. Experiments were conducted with two different wall sections and at six different infiltration flow rates. Experimentally determined heat recovery factors are compared to computational fluid dynamics and agree to within approximately 15%. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brownell, CJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd Stop 11-C, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM brownell@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1744-2591 EI 1744-2583 J9 J BUILD PHYS JI J. Build Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1177/1744259114522117 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA AX5WG UT WOS:000346994900004 ER PT J AU Papadas, I Christodoulides, JA Kioseoglou, G Armatas, GS AF Papadas, Ioannis Christodoulides, Joseph A. Kioseoglou, George Armatas, Gerasimos S. TI A high surface area ordered mesoporous BiFeO3 semiconductor with efficient water oxidation activity SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIGHT PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; VISIBLE-LIGHT; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; CARBON; NANOCOMPOSITES; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; CATALYSTS AB Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is an important multiferroic oxide material because of its unique magnetic and ferroelectric properties. Here, we synthesize for the first time a highly ordered mesoporous BiFeO3 semiconductor using tartaric acid-assisted growth of the BiFeO3 compound inside the pores of a carbon template. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N-2 physisorption measurements reveal that the template-free material possesses a three-dimensional hexagonal mesostructure with a Large internal BET surface area (141 m(2) g(-1)) and narrow sized pores (ca. 4 nm). Aka, the pore was comprise single-phase BiFeO3 nanocrystals according to the high-resolution TEM, electron diffraction and magnetic experiments. The mesoporous BiFeO3 shows high activity for the photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under UV-visible Light (lambda > 380 nm), affording an average oxygen evolution rate of 66 mu mol h(-1) g(-1). We also show that the propensity of photogenerated hales for the OER can be significanty enhanced when 1 wt% Au nanoparticles are deposited on the BiFeO3 surface. The Au/BiFeO3 heterostructure exerts excellent OER activity (586 mu mol h(-1) g(-1)) and Long-term cycling stability, raising the possibility for the design of effective and robust OER photocatalysts. C1 [Papadas, Ioannis; Kioseoglou, George; Armatas, Gerasimos S.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Christodoulides, Joseph A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armatas, GS (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. EM garmatas@materials.uoc.gr RI Armatas, Gerasimos/F-4753-2011; OI Armatas, Gerasimos/0000-0001-9475-1929; Papadas, Ioannis/0000-0003-4718-1411 FU Greek Ministry of Education; European Union under ERC grant (MESOPOROUS-NPs) [MIS 374071]; THALES project [MIS 377064] FX Financial support from the Greek Ministry of Education and the European Union under the ERC grant (MESOPOROUS-NPs, MIS 374071) and the THALES project (MIS 377064) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Prof. I. Konstantinou and Dr M. Antonopoulou (Environmental and Natural Resources Management Department, University of Patras) for help with handling the elemental CHN data. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 15 U2 126 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1593 DI 10.1039/c4ta05272b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AX4MH UT WOS:000346906100029 ER PT J AU Mori, K Lee, EW Frazier, WE Niji, K Battel, G Tran, A Iriarte, E Perez, O Ruiz, H Choi, T Stoyanov, P Ogren, J Alrashaid, J Es-Said, OS AF Mori, K. Lee, E. W. Frazier, W. E. Niji, K. Battel, G. Tran, A. Iriarte, E. Perez, O. Ruiz, H. Choi, T. Stoyanov, P. Ogren, J. Alrashaid, J. Es-Said, O. S. TI Effect of Tempering and Baking on the Charpy Impact Energy of Hydrogen-Charged 4340 Steel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE 4340 steel; baking; charpy impact test; hydrogen charging AB Tempered AISI 4340 steel was hydrogen charged and tested for impact energy. It was found that samples tempered above 468 A degrees C (875 A degrees F) and subjected to hydrogen charging exhibited lower impact energy values when compared to uncharged samples. No significant difference between charged and uncharged samples tempered below 468 A degrees C (875 A degrees F) was observed. Neither exposure nor bake time had any significant effect on impact energy within the tested ranges. C1 [Mori, K.; Tran, A.; Iriarte, E.; Perez, O.; Ruiz, H.; Choi, T.; Stoyanov, P.; Ogren, J.; Alrashaid, J.; Es-Said, O. S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Lee, E. W.; Frazier, W. E.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Niji, K.; Battel, G.] Moog Inc, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu FU National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates, NSF [EEC-0353668] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates, NSF Grant #EEC-0353668. The authors appreciate the helpful comments and discussion from Dr. Sergiy Kalnaus of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1268-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AX6KG UT WOS:000347030600035 ER PT J AU Qiao, JC Casalini, R Pelletier, JM AF Qiao, J. C. Casalini, R. Pelletier, J. M. TI Main (alpha) relaxation and excess wing in Zr50Cu40Al10 bulk metallic glass investigated by mechanical spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Univ Politecnica Catalunya, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Energia Campus Int Excellence, Barcelona Knowledge Campus, Inst Laue Langevin, Julich Forschungszentrum, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, Int Dielectr Soc, AirLiquide, Almirall, Bruker, Extrasolution, Matgas, Mettler Toledo, Novocontrol Technologies, TA Instruments, Polish Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys HO Univ Politecnica Catalunya DE Metallic glass; Mechanical spectroscopy; Main relaxation; Excess wing; Fragility ID FORMING LIQUIDS; BETA-RELAXATION; ELASTIC MODELS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; STABILITY; FORMERS; ALLOYS AB The dynamic mechanical relaxation behaviour of Zr50Cu40Al10 bulk metallic glass was investigated by mechanical spectroscopy as a function of temperature. The mechanical spectra show the evidence of an "excess wing" process at the lower temperatures. The alpha-relaxation spectra of Zr50Cu40Al10 bulk metallic glass was described with a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function, with the exponent beta(Kww) = 0.5 +/- 0.02. The fragility parameter m of the Zr50Cu40Al10 is m = 57 +/- 5. The values of m and beta K-ww are found to agree with the correlation found for other glasses m = 250(+/- 30) - 320 beta K-ww [R. Bohmer, K.L. Ngai, C.A. Angell et al. J. Chem. Phys. 99 (1993) 4201-4209]. Aging experiments give strong evidence that the observed "excess wing" is a submerged secondary process and not part of the or process. (C)2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiao, J. C.; Pelletier, J. M.] Univ Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France. [Qiao, J. C.; Pelletier, J. M.] MATEIS, INSA Lyon, UMR5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. [Casalini, R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pelletier, JM (reprint author), Univ Lyon, MATEIS, INSA Lyon, UMR CNRS5510, Bat B Pascal, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. EM jean-marc.pelletier@insa-lyon.fr NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 407 SI SI BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.009 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AX6FJ UT WOS:000347018300016 ER PT J AU Wang, A Martin-Horcajo, S Tadjer, MJ Calle, F AF Wang, Ashu Martin-Horcajo, Sara Tadjer, Marko J. Calle, Fernando TI Simulation of temperature and electric field-dependent barrier traps effects in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN HEMTs; reverse gate current; barrier traps ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CURRENT TRANSPORT MECHANISM; LEAKAGE CURRENT MECHANISMS; ASSISTED TUNNELING MODEL; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; GATE LEAKAGE; GAN; EMISSION; OXIDES AB We considered electron trapping and detrapping processes in the AlGaN barrier of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors as that trapping is the process of electrons directly tunneling from the gate metal into the AlGaN barrier traps while detrapping is electrons emission from the traps into the AlGaN conduction band by phonon-assisted tunneling. By fully coupling the electron emission characteristic time with the device thermal and electrical behavior, simulations were performed to comprehensively analyze the contributions of device bias, accounting for self-heating and electric field dependent electron detrapping. Discussions on the current-transient method for traps characterization based on these simulations and impact of traps-dependent reverse gate current on drain current collapse are presented. C1 [Wang, Ashu; Martin-Horcajo, Sara; Calle, Fernando] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomun, ISOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wang, Ashu; Martin-Horcajo, Sara; Calle, Fernando] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomun, Dept Ingn Elect, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Tadjer, Marko J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomun, ISOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM awang@isom.upm.es OI CALLE GOMEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0001-7869-6704 FU Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain [RUE (CSD2009-0046), CAVE (TEC2012-38247)]; American Society of Engineering Education, Washington DC FX This work was supported by RUE (CSD2009-0046) and CAVE (TEC2012-38247) projects, from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain. MJT acknowledges partial support from the American Society of Engineering Education, Washington DC. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 1 AR 015010 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/30/1/015010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AX6LH UT WOS:000347033300011 ER PT J AU Melzer, JM Winters, J Mitchell, AO AF Melzer, Jonathan M. Winters, Jessica Mitchell, Allen O. TI Isolated adult lymphadenopathy: a rare presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA AB Intro: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease involving the proliferation of histiocytes in one or more organ systems. The presentation of LCH is more common in the pediatric population and rarely occurs within the adult population. Isolated lymph node involvement is an extremely rare presentation of the disease. The authors present a case of isolated lymph node LCH in an otherwise healthy adult female and discuss management strategies for these unusual findings. Methods: A case report of a patient at a tertiary care facility in June 2014 is discussed. Results/Discussion: The diagnosis, clinical course, and management strategies for isolated adult LCH are discussed and reviewed. Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis rarely presents with isolated lymph node involvement in adults. Management and surveillance algorithms are discussed in this unusual case of seemingly benign lymphadenopathy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Melzer, Jonathan M.; Mitchell, Allen O.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Winters, Jessica] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Melzer, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Jonathan.melzer@med.navy.mil; Jessica.winters@usuhs.edu; Allen.mitchell@med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0196-0709 EI 1532-818X J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 36 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.016 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA AX2EL UT WOS:000346756300021 PM 25459314 ER PT J AU Love, CT Baturina, OA Swider-Lyons, KE AF Love, Corey T. Baturina, Olga A. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Observation of Lithium Dendrites at Ambient Temperature and Below SO ECS ELECTROCHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION CELLS; GROWTH; ELECTRODEPOSITION; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; MECHANISMS; LIQUID AB Lithium-ion batteries are prone to failure at low temperatures and dendrite growth during charging is one suspect. We attempt to understand lithium dendrite growth by observing their number, initiation time and growth rate at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures: -10 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 20 degrees C using an in-situ optical microscopy cell (Li-0 vertical bar Li-0). We find that while dendrites initiate quickly at -10 degrees C, the cells at 5 degrees C short-circuit most rapidly due in part to a favorable morphology at this temperature. The experimental approach has broad applicability to other electrochemical energy storage technologies where mass transport limitations are present at low temperatures, particularly Li-air, Li-S, and Zn-air batteries. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Love, Corey T.; Baturina, Olga A.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM corey.love@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this work. The authors acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Benjamin Gould and Drew Rogers for fabrication of gaskets used to properly seal the in-situ optical microscopy cell. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 82 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8726 EI 2162-8734 J9 ECS ELECTROCHEM LETT JI ECS Electrochem. Lett. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP A24 EP A27 DI 10.1149/2.0041502eel PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AX2JN UT WOS:000346769600002 ER PT J AU Adilov, N Alexander, PJ Cunningham, BM AF Adilov, Nodir Alexander, Peter J. Cunningham, Brendan M. TI An Economic Analysis of Earth Orbit Pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Orbital debris; Economics of space; Space pollution ID DEBRIS; COMMONS; SPACE AB Space debris, an externality generated by expended launch vehicles and damaged satellites, reduces the expected value of space activities by increasing the probability of damaging existing satellites or other space vehicles. Unlike terrestrial pollution, debris created in the production process interacts with firms' final products, and is, moreover, self-propagating: collisions between debris or extant satellites creates additional debris. We construct a formal model to explore private incentives to launch satellites and to mitigate space debris. The model predicts that, relative to the social optimum, firms launch too many satellites and choose technologies which create more debris than is socially optimal. We discuss remediation strategies and policies, and demonstrate that Pigovian taxes can be used to internalize the debris externality. C1 [Adilov, Nodir] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Alexander, Peter J.] FCC, Washington, DC USA. [Cunningham, Brendan M.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Adilov, N (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM adilovn@ipfw.edu OI Alexander, Peter/0000-0002-4957-9012 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 EI 1573-1502 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10640-013-9758-4 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX2LK UT WOS:000346775200005 ER PT J AU Leban, FA Diaz-Gonzalez, J Parker, GG Zhao, WF AF Leban, Frank A. Diaz-Gonzalez, James Parker, Gordon G. Zhao, Weifeng TI Inverse Kinematic Control of a Dual Crane System Experiencing Base Motion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Control design; kinematics; motion compensation AB For over 30 years, many active and passive antipendulation concepts have been explored for use on cranes in the marine environment. These range from simple tension member restraints to command filtering strategies and advanced feedback control laws, where both measured ship/platform motion and payload swing are required. Single crane control systems that compensate for own ship or target ship motion and payload swing damping are well developed, and have been demonstrated. Cargo transfer control is more complex when multiple ship-mounted cranes are used, representing a closed kinematic chain. However, the potential benefits include larger capacity and better load control. In this brief, an inverse kinematic control strategy is presented that uses two cranes' actuation capability (hoist lengths and boom angles) to keep its load fixed in inertial space regardless of the motion of the ship on which the cranes are mounted. An underdetermined solution is developed. Unique crane commands can then be computed using a minimum norm solution. A dynamic simulation is described for use in algorithm development and initial validation. Final verification was performed using two cranes mounted on a motion controlled platform. C1 [Leban, Frank A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Diaz-Gonzalez, James] BMT Designers & Planners Inc, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. [Parker, Gordon G.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Zhao, Weifeng] Adv Technol & Res Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Leban, FA (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM frank.leban@navy.mil; jdiaz@dandp.com; ggparker@mtu.edu; tzhao@atrcorp.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1109/TCST.2014.2314020 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AX2SN UT WOS:000346794600029 ER PT J AU Erdeniz, D Levinson, AJ Sharp, KW Rowenhorst, DJ Fonda, RW Dunand, DC AF Erdeniz, Dinc Levinson, Amanda J. Sharp, Keith W. Rowenhorst, David J. Fonda, Richard W. Dunand, David C. TI Pack Aluminization Synthesis of Superalloy 3D Woven and 3D Braided Structures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CELLULAR METALS; ARCHITECTURED MATERIALS; ALUMINIDE COATINGS; FLUID PERMEABILITY; BASE SUPERALLOYS; NICKEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFUSION; FOAMS AB Micro-architectured, precipitation-strengthened structures were created in a new process combining weaving, gas-phase alloying, diffusion, and precipitation. First, high-ductility Ni-20 wt pct Cr wires with 202 mu m diameter were braided, or non-crimp orthogonal woven, into three-dimensional structures. Second, these structures were vapor-phase alloyed with Al at 1273 K (1000 A degrees C) by pack cementation, creating uniform NiAl coatings on the wires when using a retort. Also, solid-state bonding was achieved at wire intersections, where two wires were sufficiently close to each other, as determined via optical and X-ray tomographic microscopy. Third, the NiAl-coated wires were fully homogenized and aged to form gamma' precipitates distributed in a gamma matrix phase, the same microstructure providing strength in nickel-based superalloys. The resulting structures-consisting of wires (i) woven in a controlled three-dimensional architecture, (ii) bonded at contact points and (iii) strengthened by gamma' precipitates-are expected to show high strength at ambient and elevated temperatures, low density, and high permeability which is useful for active cooling. C1 [Erdeniz, Dinc; Dunand, David C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Levinson, Amanda J.] Natl Res Council Fellow US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sharp, Keith W.] SAERTEX USA LLC, Fabr 3D, Huntersville, NC 28078 USA. [Rowenhorst, David J.; Fonda, Richard W.] US Naval Res Lab, Microstruct Evolut & Joining Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erdeniz, D (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM d-erdeniz@northwestern.edu RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Erdeniz, Dinc/E-8871-2010 OI Erdeniz, Dinc/0000-0002-8705-7282 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [W91CRB1010004] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under award number W91CRB1010004 (Dr. Judah Goldwasser, program manager). They also thank Profs. Kevin Hemker, Timothy Weihs, and James Guest (Johns Hopkins University) for useful discussions, and Dr. Andrew Geltmacher (NRL) for his help with X-ray micro-tomography. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 46A IS 1 BP 426 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2602-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AX2QI UT WOS:000346788600046 ER PT J AU Griffiths, H Cohen, L Watts, S Mokole, E Baker, C Wicks, M Blunt, S AF Griffiths, Hugh Cohen, Lawrence Watts, Simon Mokole, Eric Baker, Chris Wicks, Mike Blunt, Shannon TI Radar Spectrum Engineering and Management: Technical and Regulatory Issues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Radar; radar transmitters; radio communication; radio broadcast transmitters; interference ID WAVE-FORM DESIGN; RADIO; TRANSMITTERS; STRATEGIES; NOISE; SONAR; BATS AB The radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic spectrum, extending from below 1 MHz to above 100 GHz, represents a precious resource. It is used for a wide range of purposes, including communications, radio and television broadcasting, radionavigation, and sensing. Radar represents a fundamentally important use of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, in applications which include air traffic control, geophysical monitoring of Earth resources from space, automotive safety, severe weather tracking, and surveillance for defense and security. Nearly all services have a need for greater bandwidth, which means that there will be ever-greater competition for this finite resource. The paper explains the nature of the spectrum congestion problem from a radar perspective, and describes a number of possible approaches to its solution both from technical and regulatory points of view. These include improved transmitter spectral purity, passive radar, and intelligent, cognitive approaches that dynamically optimize spectrum use. C1 [Griffiths, Hugh] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Cohen, Lawrence; Mokole, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Watts, Simon] Thales, Crawley RH10 9PZ, W Sussex, England. [Baker, Chris] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wicks, Mike] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blunt, Shannon] Univ Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RP Griffiths, H (reprint author), UCL, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM h.griffiths@ieee.org; lawrence.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; simon.watts@uk.thalesgroup.com; eric.mokole@verizon.net; baker@ece.osu.edu; michael.wicks@udri.udayton.edu; sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu NR 59 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JAN PY 2015 VL 103 IS 1 BP 85 EP 102 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2365517 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AX2JF UT WOS:000346768700005 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Hall, BL AF Kwon, Y. W. Hall, B. L. TI Analyses of cracks in thick stiffened plates repaired with single-sided composite patch SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composite patch; Stiffened plate; Single-side patch; Thick plate; Strain energy release rate ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; BONDED REPAIR AB This study investigated the effect of composite patches applied to thick stiffened plates with single-sided repairs. A simplified analytical model was derived to predict the reduction in the mode I strain energy release rates resulting from the single-sided composite patches. Finite element analyses were also conducted to compute the mode I strain energy release rates with and without composite patches, and their results were compared to the analytical model prediction. Furthermore, changes in the location of the neural axis with single-side patches were examined with their effects on the effectiveness of the patch repair with variations in both material and geometric parameters of the patch and plate. The neutral axis location in the patched plate played an important role to influence the effectiveness of the composite patch. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Hall, B. L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu FU Naval Surface Warfare Center - Carderock Division FX This work was supported by Naval Surface Warfare Center - Carderock Division. Their financial and technical supports are greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 119 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.09.052 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AW9AW UT WOS:000346551100065 ER PT J AU Stemper, BD Yoganandan, N Baisden, JL Umale, S Shah, AS Shender, BS Paskoff, GR AF Stemper, Brian D. Yoganandan, Narayan Baisden, Jamie L. Umale, Sagar Shah, Alok S. Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn R. TI Rate-dependent fracture characteristics of lumbar vertebral bodies SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Lumbar spine; Injury tolerance; Compression fracture; Sex differences; Biomechanics; Gz ID QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; LOADING RATE; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CEMENT AUGMENTATION; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; END-PLATE; INJURIES; SPINE; VERTEBROPLASTY AB Experimental testing incorporating lumbar columns and isolated components is essential to advance the understanding of injury tolerance and for the development of safety enhancements. This study incorporated a whole column axial acceleration model and an isolated vertebral body model to quantify compression rates during realistic loading and compressive tolerance of vertebrae. Eight lumbar columns and 53 vertebral bodies from 23 PMHS were used. Three-factor ANOVA was used to determine significant differences (p <0.05) in physiologic and failure biomechanics based on compression rate, spinal level, and gender. Results demonstrated a significant increase in ultimate force (i.e., fracture) from lower to higher compression rates. Ultimate stress also increased with compression rate. Displacement and strain to failure were consistent at both compression rates. Differences in ultimate mechanics between vertebral bodies obtained from males and females demonstrated non-significant trends, with female vertebral bodies having lower ultimate force that would be associated with decreased injury tolerance. This was likely a result of smaller vertebrae in that population. Combined with existing literature, results presented in this manuscript contribute to the understanding of lumbar spine tolerance during axial loading events that occur in both military and civilian environments with regard to effects of compression rate and gender. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Baisden, Jamie L.; Umale, Sagar; Shah, Alok S.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Baisden, Jamie L.; Umale, Sagar; Shah, Alok S.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn R.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Stemper, BD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM bstemper@mcw.edu FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division [N00421-10-C-0049]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Contract N00421-10-C-0049, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 EI 1878-0180 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 41 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.035 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AW3XW UT WOS:000346217400026 PM 25154535 ER PT J AU Ewing, KJ Gibson, D Sanghera, J Miklos, F AF Ewing, K. J. Gibson, D. Sanghera, J. Miklos, F. TI Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of low vapor pressure chemical particulates collected from a surface SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Desorption electrospray ionization; Mass spectrometry; Low vapor pressure chemical; Collection; Surface; Sticky screens ID WARFARE AGENTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXTRACTION AB The collection of a low vapor pressure chemical simulant triethyl phosphate sorbed onto silica gel (TEP/SG) from a surface with subsequent analysis of the TEP/SG particulates using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is described. Collection of TEP/SG particulates on a surface was accomplished using a sticky screen sampler composed of a stainless steel screen coated with partially polymerized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). DESI-MS analysis of TEP/SG particulates containing different percentages of TEP sorbed onto silica gel enabled the generation of response curves for the TEP ions m/z 155 and m/z 127. Using the response curves the calculation of the mass of TEP in a 25 wt% sample of TEP/SG was calculated, results show that the calculated mass of TEP was 14% different from the actual mass of TEP in the sample using the m/z 127 TEP ion response curve. Detection limits for the TEP vapor and TEP/SG particulates were calculated to be 4 mg and 6 particles, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ewing, K. J.; Gibson, D.; Sanghera, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Miklos, F.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA USA. RP Ewing, KJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ken.ewing@nrl.navy.mile FU Joint Program Executive Office; Dr. Angela Ervin, DHS ST [HSHQDC-11-X-00568] FX The authors gratefully thank the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Joint Project Manager for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Contamination Avoidance and Dr. Angela Ervin, DHS S&T, contract #HSHQDC-11-X-00568 for supporting this work. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 853 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AU5MT UT WOS:000345652000036 PM 25467481 ER PT J AU Martinage, R AF Martinage, Robert TI Under the Sea The Vulnerability of the Commons SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Article C1 [Martinage, Robert] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COUNCIL FOREIGN RELAT IONS INC PI NEW YORK PA HAROLD PRATT HOUSE, 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10065 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 94 IS 1 BP 117 EP + PG 10 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AW4DN UT WOS:000346231600017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Lindley, B Shaw, LB AF Schwartz, Ira B. Lindley, Brandon Shaw, Leah B. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Dynamics, Control, and Extinction in Networked Populations SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC ID RECURRENT EPIDEMICS; SYSTEMS AB Real networks consisting of social contacts do not possess static connections. That is, social connections may be time dependent due to a variety of individual behavioral decisions based on current network links between people. Examples of adaptive networks occur in epidemics, where information about infectious individuals may change the rewiring of healthy people, or in the recruitment of individuals to a cause or fad, where rewiring may optimize recruitment of susceptible individuals. In this talk, we will review some of the dynamical properties of adaptive and random networks, such as bifurcation structure and the size of fluctuations. We will also show how adaptive networks predict novel phenomena as well as yield insight into new controls. Applying a new transition rate approximation that incorporates link dynamics, we extend the theory of large deviations to stochastic network extinction to predict extinction times. In particular, we use the theory to find the most probable paths leading to extinction. We then apply the methodology to network models and discover how mean extinction times scale with network parameters in Erdos-Renyi networks. The results are shown to compare quite well with Monte Carlo simulations of the network in predicting both the most optimal paths to extinction and mean extinction times. C1 [Schwartz, Ira B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lindley, Brandon] Daniel H Wagner Assoc Inc, 2 Eaton St,Suite 500, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23817 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Ira.Schwartz@nrl.navy.mil; brandon.lindley@va.wagner.com; lbshaw@wm.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300027 ER PT J AU Mishra, M Sidoti, D Fernando, D Ayala, M Han, X Avvari, GV Zhang, LY Pattipati, KR An, W Hansen, JA Kleinman, DL AF Mishra, Manisha Sidoti, David Fernando, Diego Ayala, Martinez Han, Xu Avvari, Gopi Vinod Zhang, Lingyi Pattipati, Krishna R. An, Woosun Hansen, James A. Kleinman, David L. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Resource Management and Information Integration for Proactive Decision Support and Planning SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Resource management; surveillance; interdiction; value of information; multi-level resource allocation AB Major challenges anticipated by future mission planners comprise automated processing, interpretation, and development of intelligent decisions using large volumes of dynamically evolving structured and unstructured data, while simultaneously decreasing the time necessary to plan and replan. Motivated by the need to seamlessly integrate automated information processing and resource management for proactive decision-making and execution in a highly adaptive network-centric environment, we propose a) surveillance and interdiction algorithms for dynamic resource management; b) distributed and collaborative mixed-initiative multi-level resource allocation algorithms to allocate hierarchically-organized assets to process inter-dependent tasks and goals; and c) quantifying the value of information in order to accomplish mission objectives. The decision support concepts and algorithms discussed in this paper seek to maximize the efficiency of information transactions in mission planning/re-planning processes by achieving shared situational awareness and increased mission effectiveness. We specifically focus on the dynamic decision making processes associated with planning in a broad range of maritime operations. C1 [Mishra, Manisha; Sidoti, David; Fernando, Diego; Ayala, Martinez; Han, Xu; Avvari, Gopi Vinod; Zhang, Lingyi; Pattipati, Krishna R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [An, Woosun] SIMNET Co Ltd, Seoul, South Korea. [Hansen, James A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mishra, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM krishna@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300040 ER PT J AU Crouse, DF AF Crouse, David Frederic GP IEEE TI Cubature/Unscented/Sigma Point Kalman Filtering with Angular Measurement Models SO 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) CY JUL 06-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC ID SYSTEMS; TRACKING AB Filtering algorithms that use different forms of numerical integration to handle measurement and process non-linearities, such as the cubature Kalman filter, can perform extremely poorly in many applications involving angular measurements. We demonstrate how such filters can be modified to take into account the circular nature of the angular measurements, dramatically improving performance. Unlike common alternate techniques, the cubature methods can be easily used with angular measurements arising from ray-traceable propagation models. C1 [Crouse, David Frederic] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crouse, DF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.crouse@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4386-6 PY 2015 BP 1550 EP 1557 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG5KW UT WOS:000389523300204 ER PT S AU Day, MA Clement, MR Russo, JD Davis, D Chung, TH AF Day, Michael A. Clement, Michael R. Russo, John D. Davis, Duane Chung, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Multi-UAV Software Systems and Simulation Architecture SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS'15) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 09-12, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, CSS, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, MCA AB As unmanned aerial systems (UAS) continue to increasingly require greater integration of sophisticated software systems, developing and utilizing best practices and principles of formal software systems engineering can enhance and ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of these systems. This paper highlights the detailed implementation of a number of such tools, including agile software development methods such as automated software testing, and enhanced simulation-in- the-loop testing for multi-UAS virtual and live-fly capabilities. Significant and tangible benefit to active field experimentation is demonstrated through description of these integrated approaches, impacting ongoing efforts in multi-UAS research, testing, and assessment practices. C1 [Day, Michael A.; Russo, John D.; Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Clement, Michael R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Davis, Duane] Naval Postgrad Sch, Cyber Acad Grp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Day, MA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maday@nps.edu; mrclemen@nps.edu; jdrusso1@nps.edu; dtdavi1@ps.edu; thchung@nps.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4799-6010-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2015 BP 426 EP 435 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG3ZW UT WOS:000388438500052 ER PT S AU Hernandez, AS AF Hernandez, Alejandro S. BE Tolk, A Jafer, S Padilla, JJ TI INTEGRATING SIMULATION-DRIVEN DECISIONS AND BUSINESS WARGAMES TO SHAPE FISCAL POLICIES SO 48TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM (ANSS 2015) SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS) / Spring Simulation Multi-Conference (SpringSim) CY APR 12-15, 2015 CL Alexandria, VA SP Soc Modeling & Simulat Int DE Computer Experimentation; Joint Theater Level Simulation; Gaming; Decision Analysis AB In 2013 sequestration resulted in defense budgets absorbing the greatest proportion of cutbacks. Leaders are on notice that future debates must be built on more solid cost positions related to operational success. In this paper we use a systems engineering approach to develop a decision support system that integrates operational planning, gaming, computer simulation, and experimentation. The resulting methodology translates strategic budget decisions into terms of military effectiveness. Central to this effort is implementation of a campaign level simulation to adjudicate the success of U.S. forces in a given mission set. Equally important is the transformation of a computer-assisted wargame into a closed-loop simulation experiment to examine the trade space of the problem. To meet the challenges of austere economic environments we offer policy makers a fiscally-bounded, simulation-based gaming process to provide credible options that are quantifiable, repeatable, and analytically defendable. C1 [Hernandez, Alejandro S.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, 777 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 94394 USA. RP Hernandez, AS (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, 777 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 94394 USA. EM ahernand@nps.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 1080-241X BN 978-1-5108-0099-1 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 2015 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BG9JR UT WOS:000393330600015 ER PT B AU Ford, DN Damnjanovic, I Johnson, ST AF Ford, David N. Damnjanovic, Ivan Johnson, Scott T. BE Johnston, EW TI PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS A Study of Risk Allocation Design Envelopes SO GOVERNANCE IN THE INFORMATION ERA: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF POLICY INFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR; THRESHOLD MODELS; PROJECTS; DYNAMICS C1 [Ford, David N.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, Construct Engn & Management Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ford, David N.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Ford, David N.] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat Sci Fac, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Damnjanovic, Ivan] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Johnson, Scott T.] SYSDYNX LLC, Stamford, CT USA. [Johnson, Scott T.] Univ North Dakota, IES, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Johnson, Scott T.] Univ North Dakota, Petr Engn, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Ford, DN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, Construct Engn & Management Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-138-83208-4; 978-1-315-73621-1; 978-1-138-83207-7 PY 2015 BP 119 EP 143 PG 25 WC Information Science & Library Science; Public Administration SC Information Science & Library Science; Public Administration GA BF6RU UT WOS:000383655800008 ER PT J AU Chikhradze, NM Marquis, FDS Abashidze, GS AF Chikhradze, Nikoloz M. Marquis, Fernand D. S. Abashidze, Guram S. TI Hybrid fiber and nanopowder reinforced composites for wind turbine blades SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T LA English DT Article DE Epoxy; Hybrid fiber-reinforced composite; Coefficient of operating condition AB The results of an investigation into the production of wind turbine blades manufactured using polymer composites reinforced by hybrid (carbon, basalt, glass) fibers and strengthened by various nanopowders (oxides, carbides, borides) are presented. The hybrid fiber-reinforced composites (HFRC) were manufactured with prepreg technology by molding pre-saturated epoxy-strengthened matrix-reinforced fabric. Performance of the manufactured composites was estimated with values of the coefficient of operating condition (COC) at a moderate and elevated temperature. (C) 2015 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. C1 [Chikhradze, Nikoloz M.] Georgian Tech Univ, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Chikhradze, Nikoloz M.; Abashidze, Guram S.] G Tsulukidze Min Inst Georgia, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Marquis, Fernand D. S.] Wayne Mayer Inst Syst Engn, Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chikhradze, NM (reprint author), Georgian Tech Univ, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM chikhradze@mining.org.ge NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2238-7854 EI 2214-0697 J9 J MATER RES TECHNOL JI J. Mater. Res. Technol-JMRT PD JAN-MAR PY 2015 VL 4 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.01.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA V46PS UT WOS:000209896700009 ER PT S AU Huang, T Pirlo, RK Qin, W Lin, YL Wei, LN Schmidt, L Erdman, N Xi, TF DeSilva, MN Gao, BZ AF Huang, Ting Pirlo, Russell K. Qin, Wan Lin, Yongliang Wei, Lina Schmidt, Lucas Erdman, Nick Xi, Tingfei DeSilva, Mauris N. Gao, Bruce Z. BE Biffi, E TI Development of a Compartmentalized Biochip for Axonal Isolation and Neuronal-Circuit Formation at the Single-Cell Level SO MICROFLUIDIC AND COMPARTMENTALIZED PLATFORMS FOR NEUROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SE Neuromethods LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microfabrication; Laser cell-micropatterning; Axon isolation; Single cell-resolution circuits; Polarize ID MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; PLATFORM; NETWORKS; ARCHITECTURE; GUIDANCE; DENSITY; CULTURE; GROWTH AB In vitro neuronal networks in cell cultures have tremendous potential for the investigation of synapse formation, development, and function, especially with the development of microelectrode arrays. Most current techniques used to form a defined neuronal network are based on microcontact-printing, but the intercellular connections in the patterned low-density network are formed randomly, systematic study of a specific network is not possible. For such study, a practical tool for creating defined neuronal networks in which each intercellular connection can be formed according to a predetermined pattern is critical. In addition, because glia-particularly astrocytes-play an important role in neuronal network processing, a precise platform to study glia-neuron interaction at the single-cell level is necessary. In this chapter we describe a biochip-microfabrication technique and a unique laser cell-micropatterning system for creation of a compartmentalized, axon-isolating, polarized neuron-growth platform at the single-cell level. C1 [Huang, Ting; Wei, Lina; Schmidt, Lucas; Erdman, Nick; Gao, Bruce Z.] Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC USA. [Huang, Ting; Wei, Lina; Xi, Tingfei] Peking Univ, Acad Adv Interdisciplinary Studies, Ctr Biomed Mat & Tissue Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Pirlo, Russell K.] Naval Res Lab, Bioenergy & Biofabricat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lin, Yongliang] Natl Engn Lab Regenerat Implantable Med Devices, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [DeSilva, Mauris N.] Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Huang, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 0893-2336 BN 978-1-4939-2510-0; 978-1-4939-2509-4 J9 NEUROMETHODS JI Neuromethods PY 2015 VL 103 BP 83 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2510-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2510-0 PG 22 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BE5AF UT WOS:000372458800007 ER PT J AU Robinson, ZR Jernigan, GG Currie, M Hite, JK Bussmann, KM Nyakiti, LO Garces, NY Nath, A Rao, MV Wheeler, VD Myers-Ward, RL Wollmershauser, JA Feigelson, BN Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Robinson, Zachary R. Jernigan, Glenn G. Currie, Marc Hite, Jennifer K. Bussmann, Konrad M. Nyakiti, Luke O. Garces, Nelson Y. Nath, Anindya Rao, Mulpuri V. Wheeler, Virginia D. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Wollmershauser, James A. Feigelson, Boris N. Eddy, Charles R. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI Challenges to graphene growth on SiC(000(1)over-bar): Substrate effects, hydrogen etching and growth ambient SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL-GRAPHENE; SILICON-CARBIDE; SI-FACE; TRANSISTORS; VAPOR; TRANSPARENT; SUBLIMATION AB Controlling the uniformity and morphology of graphene grown on the C-face of SiC is more difficult than on the Si-face. To improve graphene grown on the C-face, a continuous growth process was developed in a conventional tube furnace that included in situ surface preparation by annealing in H-2 followed by an Ar-mediated growth, which was done at a variety of different temperatures and pressures. Optimized H-2 etch conditions for the C-face were developed to improve the starting substrate morphology and reduce the effect of substrate defects on growth. The resulting graphene film, however, had non-uniform thickness due to intrinsic bulk defects within the SiC substrate and an interfacial oxide. Differences between substrate properties, such as polytype, are shown to have a significant effect on growth, with a 4H substrate displaying faster in-plane graphene growth than a 6H substrate. A primarily 2-domain graphene film with significant rotational disorder was found regardless of the starting substrate and growth conditions. Ultra-high vacuum desorption of the interfacial oxide caused the graphene to reorder into a single preferred rotational orientation, suggesting trace oxygen impurities in the growth chamber can play an important role in graphene growth on the C-face of SiC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robinson, Zachary R.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Currie, Marc; Hite, Jennifer K.; Bussmann, Konrad M.; Nyakiti, Luke O.; Garces, Nelson Y.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Wollmershauser, James A.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Eddy, Charles R.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Engn Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Garces, Nelson Y.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Nath, Anindya; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Robinson, ZR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Zachary.Robinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; Glenn.Jernigan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 79 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.025 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AU5ZX UT WOS:000345682900008 ER PT J AU Rossi, JE Cress, CD Merrill, A Soule, KJ Cox, ND Landi, BJ AF Rossi, Jamie E. Cress, Cory D. Merrill, Andrew Soule, Karen J. Cox, Nathanael D. Landi, Brian J. TI Intrinsic diameter dependent degradation of single-wall carbon nanotubes from ion irradiation SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; GATE DIELECTRICS; TRANSPARENT; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS AB The structural response of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin-films to ion irradiation has been systematically studied with increasing fluence between 5 x 10(12) and 1 x 10(15) (150 keV(11)B(+))/cm(2) as a function of SWCNT diameter distribution. SEM analysis reveals that the SWCNT morphology remains intact after radiation exposure. The optical absorbance intensity decreases with increasing fluence, and near complete suppression is observed at approximately 2.5 x 10(14) (B-11(+))/cm(2), resulting in an equivalent reduction in signal intensity for resonant Raman spectroscopy. Changes observed in the optical response with increasing fluence demonstrate that defective SWCNTs behave similarly to other strongly doped or physically shortened SWCNTs. The Raman D/G' increases with fluence for all samples, yet the magnitude of increase is strongly dependent on the SWCNT diameter distribution. The diameter dependence stems from differences in the SWCNT mass per unit length, which is incorporated into an inter-vacancy length (L-v) model that describes the radiation-induced changes. Ultimately, all SWCNT data converge to show an equivalent change in D/G' at a corresponding L-v, even though the fluence required to achieve a particular L-v varies with SWCNT diameter. Thus, the radiation-induced changes in SWCNTs are intrinsically linked to their diameter, representing a fundamental property unique to this class of nanomaterials. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rossi, Jamie E.; Merrill, Andrew; Soule, Karen J.; Cox, Nathanael D.; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Soule, Karen J.; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cox, Nathanael D.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microsyst Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Landi, BJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu RI Cox, Nathanael/A-2564-2017; OI Cox, Nathanael/0000-0003-0843-9141; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU United States Government through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-1-10-1-0122]; U.S. Government FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the United States Government through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Grant HDTRA-1-10-1-0122. This material is based upon work funded in whole or in party by the U.S. Government, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Government. The authors also thank T. Mastrangelo for synthesis of the laser SWCNT soots. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2015 VL 81 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.081 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AU5ZX UT WOS:000345682900053 ER PT J AU Rohlfs, C Sullivan, R McNab, R AF Rohlfs, Chris Sullivan, Ryan McNab, Robert TI CAN THE PRESIDENT REALLY AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH? PRESIDENTIAL EFFORT AND THE POLITICAL BUSINESS CYCLE SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTIONS AB Presidential elections are often seen as referendums on the health of the economy; however, little evidence exists on the president's ability to influence gross domestic product (GDP). This study examines the effect of the incentive to be reelected and the resulting increase in presidential effort on GDP growth. Growth is found to rise in reelection years for first-term presidents after 1932 and to fall in election years before 1932, when reelection was uncommon, and for second-term presidents generally. This effect is largest for high-quality presidentswho probably have the highest return to effortand is spread across multiple sectors of the economy. (JEL D78, D72, E32, J24) C1 [Sullivan, Ryan; McNab, Robert] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM carohlfs@gmail.com; rssulliv@nps.edu; rmmcnab@nps.edu OI Rohlfs, Chris/0000-0001-7714-9231 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0095-2583 EI 1465-7295 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 240 EP 257 DI 10.1111/ecin.12111 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AU0ZH UT WOS:000345350200014 ER PT J AU Augenblick, N Cunha, JM AF Augenblick, Ned Cunha, Jesse M. TI COMPETITION AND COOPERATION IN A PUBLIC GOODS GAME: A FIELD EXPERIMENT SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID INTERGROUP COMPETITION; SOCIAL PREFERENCES; SOLICITATION; PROVISION; DONATIONS; IDENTITY; AUCTIONS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB We explore the effects of competitive and cooperative motivations on contributions in a field experiment. A total of 10,000 potential political donors received solicitations referencing past contribution behavior of members of the competing party (competition treatment), the same party (cooperative treatment), or no past contribution information (control). We first theoretically analyze the effect of these treatments on the contribution behavior of agents with different social preferences in a modified intergroup public good (IPG) game. Then, we report the empirical results: Contribution rates in the competitive, cooperative, and control treatments were 1.45%, 1.08%, and 0.78%, respectively. With the exception of one large contribution, the distribution of contributions in the competitive treatment first order stochastically dominates that of the cooperative treatment. Qualitatively, it appears that the cooperative treatment induced more contributions around the common monetary reference point, while the competitive treatment led to more contributions at twice this amount. These results suggest that eliciting competitive rather than cooperative motivations can lead to higher contributions in IPG settings. (JEL D72, H41, C93) C1 [Augenblick, Ned] Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cunha, Jesse M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 95060 USA. RP Augenblick, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ned@haas.berkeley.edu; jcunha@nps.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0095-2583 EI 1465-7295 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 574 EP 588 DI 10.1111/ecin.12105 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AU0ZH UT WOS:000345350200033 ER PT J AU Creasey, E Rahman, AS Smith, KA AF Creasey, Ellyn Rahman, Ahmed S. Smith, Katherine A. TI DOES NATION BUILDING SPUR ECONOMIC GROWTH? SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID AID; EMPIRICS AB Nation building, the allocation of economic aid conditional on military assistance in conflict and post-conflict environments, has cost the world trillions of dollars over the last half century. Yet few attempts have been made to quantify the potential economic growth effects for the recipient country from the provision of this aid. Using a 45-year panel dataset, we construct a measure of nation building using a three-way interaction term between military assistance, economic aid, and conflict regime. Considering that slow growing and problem-prone countries may be less likely to receive aid, we instrument for economic aid by estimating donor-to-donee aid flows in a first-stage procedure. Using this approach, we find that spending on nation building has positive growth effects during conflict periods, but that these effects disappear after conflict. (JEL F3, F4, O5) C1 [Creasey, Ellyn] US Navy, US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rahman, Ahmed S.; Smith, Katherine A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Creasey, E (reprint author), US Navy, US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM eacreasey@gmail.com; rahman@usna.edu; ksmith@usna.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0095-2583 EI 1465-7295 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 660 EP 680 DI 10.1111/ecin.12148 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AU0ZH UT WOS:000345350200038 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Landsman, AS AF Gordon, D. F. Hafizi, B. Landsman, A. S. TI Amplitude flux, probability flux, and gauge invariance in the finite volume scheme for the Schrodinger equation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Schrodinger equation; Finite volume; Bohmian trajectories ID TRAJECTORIES; TIME AB The time-dependent Schrodinger equation can be put in a probability conserving, gauge invariant form, on arbitrary structured grids via finite volume discretization. The gauge terms in the discrete system cancel with a portion of the amplitude flux to produce abbreviated flux functions. The resulting time translation operator is strictly unitary, and is compatible with an efficient operator splitting scheme that allows for multi-dimensional simulation with complex grid geometries. Moreover, the abbreviated amplitude flux is necessary to the construction of a conservative probability current. This construction turns out to be important when computing Bohmian trajectories in multi-dimensions. Bohmian trajectories are useful in the interpretation of quantum mechanical phenomena such as tunneling ionization, and provide a bridge between quantum and classical regimes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gordon, D. F.; Hafizi, B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landsman, A. S.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 FU Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program [WU-4987]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AI02-93ER40797] FX This work is supported by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program (WU-4987), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant DE-AI02-93ER40797. We appreciate useful discussions with M.H. Helle, A. Ting, J.R. Penano, A. Zigler, J. Palastro, T. Rensink, and T. Antonsen, Jr. Resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), and of the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing and Modernization Program (HPCMP), were used in this work. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 280 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.10.008 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AU3CK UT WOS:000345490200024 ER PT J AU Storm, DF McConkie, T Katzer, DS Downey, BP Hardy, MT Meyer, DJ Smith, DJ AF Storm, D. F. McConkie, T. Katzer, D. S. Downey, B. P. Hardy, M. T. Meyer, D. J. Smith, David J. TI Effect of interfacial oxygen on the microstructure of MBE-grown homoepitaxial N-polar GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Defects; Impurities; Molecular beam epitaxy; Nitrides; N-polar nitrides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; HEMTS AB We have investigated the microstructure of homoepitaxial N-polar GaN layers grown by rf-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding GaN substrates. The structural quality of the epitaxial layers improves when the sheet density of oxygen present on the substrate surface diminishes. An initial sheet density of oxygen of similar to 0.5 monolayer (ML) results in a highly defective epitaxial layer, while an epitaxial layer with no visible threading dislocations was grown on a substrate with an initial oxygen sheet density of similar to 0.08 ML. The significant reduction in oxygen was achieved by using several cycles of Ga deposition and thermal desorption prior to the start of epitaxial growth combined with an initial ultrathin 15-angstrom AlN nucleation layer. These results indicate that reducing the density of oxygen on the surfaces of freestanding N-polar GaN substrates is vital for obtaining high quality homoepitaxial N-polar GaN layers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Storm, D. F.; Katzer, D. S.; Downey, B. P.; Hardy, M. T.; Meyer, D. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci &Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McConkie, T.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci &Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.storm@nrl.navy.mil OI Hardy, Matthew/0000-0002-8016-6347 FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Task 261 [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Glenn Jernigan for helpful discussions and ME Neil Green for assistance with sample preparation. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under funding from Dr. R Maki. The electron microscopy studies at ASU were supported under contract to Wyle Laboratories as part of Reliability Information Analysis Center (RIAC) Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 under the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Task 261 (monitor: Chris Bozada), The authors (TM and DJS) acknowledge the use of the facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2015 VL 409 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.09.042 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA AT4YO UT WOS:000344949500003 ER PT J AU Banks, W Finch, C Luca, F Pomerance, C Stanica, P AF Banks, William Finch, Carrie Luca, Florian Pomerance, Carl Stanica, Pantelimon TI SIERPINSKI AND CARMICHAEL NUMBERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GREATEST PRIME FACTOR; ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS; FORM; INTEGERS; INTERVAL; DIVISOR; TOTIENT AB We establish several related results on Carmichael, Sierpinski and Riesel numbers. First, we prove that almost all odd natural numbers k have the property that 2(n)k + 1 is not a Carmichael number for any n is an element of N; this implies the existence of a set K of positive lower density such that for any k is an element of K the number 2(n)k + 1 is neither prime nor Carmichael for every n is an element of N. Next, using a recent result of Matomaki and Wright, we show that there are >= x(1/5) Carmichael numbers up to x that are also Sierpinski and Riesel. Finally, we show that if 2(n)k + 1 is Lehmer, then n <= 150 omega(k)(2) log k, where omega(k) is the number of distinct primes dividing k. C1 [Banks, William] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Finch, Carrie] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Math, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Luca, Florian] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Math, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Luca, Florian] UNAM Juriquilla, Math Inst, Santiago De Queretaro 76230, Queretaro De Ar, Mexico. [Pomerance, Carl] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Math, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Banks, W (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bbanks@math.missouri.edu; finchc@wlu.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; carl.pomerance@dartmouth.edu; pstanica@nps.edu FU Marcos Moshinsky fellowship; NSF [DMS-1001180]; [PAPIIT 104512] FX The authors thank the referee for a careful reading of the manuscript and for useful suggestions, and Jan-Hendrik Evertse for helpful advice and for providing some references. They also thank Pedro Berrizbeitia for an enlightening conversation. The third-named author was supported in part by Project PAPIIT 104512 and a Marcos Moshinsky fellowship. The fourth-named author would like to acknowledge support from NSF grant DMS-1001180. The fifth-named author acknowledges sabbatical support from the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9947 EI 1088-6850 J9 T AM MATH SOC JI Trans. Am. Math. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 367 IS 1 BP 355 EP 376 AR PII S0002-9947(2014)06083-2 PG 22 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AT3HM UT WOS:000344826400014 ER PT J AU Margulies, S Onn, S Pasechnik, DV AF Margulies, S. Onn, S. Pasechnik, D. V. TI On the complexity of Hilbert refutations for partition SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Hilbert's Nullstellensatz; Linear algebra; Partition ID LOWER BOUNDS; POLYNOMIAL CALCULUS; PROOFS; NULLSTELLENSATZ AB Given a set of integers W, the PARTITION problem determines whether W can be divided into two disjoint subsets with equal sums. We model the PARTITION problem as a system of polynomial equations, and then investigate the complexity of a Hilbert's Nullstellensatz refutation, or certificate, that a given set of integers is not partitionable. We provide an explicit construction of a minimum-degree certificate, and then demonstrate that the PARTITION problem is equivalent to the determinant of a carefully constructed matrix called the partition matrix. In particular, we show that the determinant of the partition matrix is a polynomial that factors into an iteration over all possible partitions of W. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Margulies, S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Onn, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. [Pasechnik, D. V.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Phys & Math Sci, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Margulies, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM margulie@usna.edu; onn@ie.technion.ac.il; dima@ntu.edu.sg OI Pasechnik, Dmitrii/0000-0002-7557-6886 FU NSF [DSS-0729251, NSF-CSSI-0926618, DSS-0240058]; Rice University VIGRE program; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [N66001-10-1-4040]; Israel Science Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of NSF DSS-0729251, NSF-CSSI-0926618, DSS-0240058, the Rice University VIGRE program, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Award No. N66001-10-1-4040. Additionally, research on this projected was supported in part by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 66 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jsc.2013.06.005 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AR1VX UT WOS:000343373800005 ER PT J AU Bruski, P Erwin, SC Herfort, J Tahraoui, A Ramsteiner, M AF Bruski, Pawel Erwin, Steven C. Herfort, Jens Tahraoui, Abbes Ramsteiner, Manfred TI Probing the electronic band structure of ferromagnets with spin injection and extraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAAS(001); TRANSPORT AB We study spin injection and spin extraction signals in lateral spin-valve structures consisting of ferromagnetic Co2FeSi contacts on n-type GaAs transport channels. The dependence of the spin-valve signals on the bias current is found to strongly depend on the degree of ordering in the Co2FeSi lattice. For the fully ordered L2(1) phase, the signal is equal for injection and extraction and independent of the bias current. In contrast, a strong dependence of the relative signal strengths (spin injection versus extraction) on the bias current is observed for the partially disordered B2 phase. We explain the strongly different behavior by the crucial influence of the respective electronic band structure on the spin generation processes. C1 [Bruski, Pawel; Herfort, Jens; Tahraoui, Abbes; Ramsteiner, Manfred] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bruski, P (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM ramsteiner@pdi-berlin.de FU U.S. Office of Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX We acknowledge the expert technical support by Walid Anders, Angela Riedel, and Gerd Paris, as well as the critical reading of the manuscript by Oliver Brandt and Holger Grahn. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 31 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 24 AR 245150 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.245150 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CB8OZ UT WOS:000349891600003 ER PT J AU Radin, JM Hawksworth, AW Kammerer, PE Balansay, M Raman, R Lindsay, SP Brice, GT AF Radin, Jennifer M. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Kammerer, Peter E. Balansay, Melinda Raman, Rema Lindsay, Suzanne P. Brice, Gary T. TI Epidemiology of Pathogen-Specific Respiratory Infections among Three US Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESSES; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; CLINICAL SIGNS; PCR; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; COINFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; COMMUNITY AB Background: Diagnostic tests for respiratory infections can be costly and time-consuming. Improved characterization of specific respiratory pathogens by identifying frequent signs, symptoms and demographic characteristics, along with improving our understanding of coinfection rates and seasonality, may improve treatment and prevention measures. Methods: Febrile respiratory illness (FRI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance was conducted from October 2011 through March 2013 among three US populations: civilians near the US-Mexico border, Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries, and military recruits. Clinical and demographic questionnaire data and respiratory swabs were collected from participants, tested by PCR for nine different respiratory pathogens and summarized. Age stratified characteristics of civilians positive for influenza and recruits positive for rhinovirus were compared to other and no/unknown pathogen. Seasonality and coinfection rates were also described. Results: A total of 1444 patients met the FRI or SARI case definition and were enrolled in this study. Influenza signs and symptoms varied across age groups of civilians. Recruits with rhinovirus had higher percentages of pneumonia, cough, shortness of breath, congestion, cough, less fever and longer time to seeking care and were more likely to be male compared to those in the no/unknown pathogen group. Coinfections were found in 6% of all FRI/SARI cases tested and were most frequently seen among children and with rhinovirus infections. Clear seasonal trends were identified for influenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Conclusions: The age-stratified clinical characteristics associated with influenza suggest that age-specific case definitions may improve influenza surveillance and identification. Improving identification of rhinoviruses, the most frequent respiratory infection among recruits, may be useful for separating out contagious individuals, especially when larger outbreaks occur. Overall, describing the epidemiology of pathogen specific respiratory diseases can help improve clinical diagnoses, establish baselines of infection, identify outbreaks, and help prioritize the development of new vaccines and treatments. C1 [Radin, Jennifer M.; Hawksworth, Anthony W.; Kammerer, Peter E.; Balansay, Melinda; Brice, Gary T.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr San Diego, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Radin, Jennifer M.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Raman, Rema] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lindsay, Suzanne P.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Radin, JM (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr San Diego, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jennifer.radin@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System [60805] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System under Work Unit No. 60805. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114871 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114871 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX6YH UT WOS:000347063500009 PM 25549089 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Zabetakis, D Moore, M Verbarg, J Stenger, DA AF Trammell, Scott A. Zabetakis, Dan Moore, Martin Verbarg, Jasenka Stenger, David A. TI Square Wave Voltammetry of TNT at Gold Electrodes Modified with Self-Assembled Monolayers Containing Aromatic Structures SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BRIDGES; EXPLOSIVES; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; REDUCTION; MOLECULES AB Square wave voltammetry for the reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was measured in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 8) at gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing either an alkane thiol or aromatic ring thiol structures. At 15 Hz, the electrochemical sensitivity (mu A/ppm) was similar for all SAMs tested. However, at 60 Hz, the SAMs containing aromatic structures had a greater sensitivity than the alkane thiol SAM. In fact, the alkane thiol SAM had a decrease in sensitivity at the higher frequency. When comparing the electrochemical response between simulations and experimental data, a general trend was observed in which most of the SAMs had similar heterogeneous rate constants within experimental error for the reduction of TNT. This most likely describes a rate limiting step for the reduction of TNT. However, in the case of the alkane SAM at higher frequency, the decrease in sensitivity suggests that the rate limiting step in this case may be electron tunneling through the SAM. Our results show that SAMs containing aromatic rings increased the sensitivity for the reduction of TNT when higher frequencies were employed and at the same time suppressed the electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Zabetakis, Dan; Moore, Martin; Verbarg, Jasenka; Stenger, David A.] Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zabetakis, D (reprint author), Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.zabetakis@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e115966 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115966 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX6YH UT WOS:000347063500044 PM 25549081 ER PT J AU Zhou, CL Cui, BY Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Abell, J Meyer, JR Grayson, M AF Zhou, Chuanle Cui, Boya Vurgaftman, I. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. Grayson, M. TI Thermal conductivity tensors of the cladding and active layers of interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-OMEGA METHOD; FILMS AB The cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivities of the W-active stages and InAs/AlSb superlattice optical cladding layer of an interband cascade laser (ICL) were characterized for temperatures ranging from 15 K to 324 K. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the active layer is somewhat larger than the cross-plane value at temperatures above about 30 K, while the thermal conductivity tensor becomes nearly isotropic at the lowest temperatures studied. These results will improve ICL performance simulations and guide the optimization of thermal management. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhou, Chuanle; Cui, Boya; Grayson, M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Vurgaftman, I.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Grayson, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-grayson@northwestern.edu RI Grayson, Matthew/B-7159-2009 FU AFOSR Grant [FA-9550-09-1-0237, FA-9550-12-1-0169]; Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN); NSF MRSEC Grant [DMR-1121262]; ONR FX The work at Northwestern was supported by AFOSR Grant Nos. FA-9550-09-1-0237 and FA-9550-12-1-0169, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), and NSF MRSEC Grant No. DMR-1121262. Work at NRL was supported by ONR. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 26 AR 261905 DI 10.1063/1.4905279 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AX8PO UT WOS:000347171300017 ER PT J AU Hargrave, B Strange, R Navare, S Stratton, M Burcus, N Murray, L Lundberg, C Bulysheva, A Li, FY Heller, R AF Hargrave, Barbara Strange, Robert, Jr. Navare, Sagar Stratton, Michael Burcus, Nina Murray, Len Lundberg, Cathryn Bulysheva, Anna Li, Fanying Heller, Richard TI Gene Electro Transfer of Plasmid Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Enhanced Expression and Perfusion in the Ischemic Swine Heart SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR VOLUMES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EJECTION FRACTION; ELECTROPORATION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DELIVERY; THERAPY; DNA AB Myocardial ischemia can damage heart muscle and reduce the heart's pumping efficiency. This study used an ischemic swine heart model to investigate the potential for gene electro transfer of a plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor for improving perfusion and, thus, for reducing cardiomyopathy following acute coronary syndrome. Plasmid expression was significantly greater in gene electro transfer treated tissue compared to injection of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor alone. Higher gene expression was also seen in ischemic versus non-ischemic groups with parameters 20 Volts (p<0.03), 40 Volts (p<0.05), and 90 Volts (p<0.05), but not with 60 Volts (p<0.09) while maintaining a pulse width of 20 milliseconds. The group with gene electro transfer of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor had increased perfusion in the area at risk compared to control groups. Troponin and creatine kinase increased across all groups, suggesting equivalent ischemia in all groups prior to treatment. Echocardiography was used to assess ejection fraction, cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular end diastolic volume, and left ventricular end systolic volume. No statistically significant differences in these parameters were detected during a 2-week time period. However, directional trends of these variables were interesting and offer valuable information about the feasibility of gene electro transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic heart. The results demonstrate that gene electro transfer can be applied safely and can increase perfusion in an ischemic area. Additional study is needed to evaluate potential efficacy. C1 [Hargrave, Barbara; Burcus, Nina; Lundberg, Cathryn; Bulysheva, Anna; Li, Fanying; Heller, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hargrave, Barbara; Heller, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med Diagnost & Translat Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Strange, Robert, Jr.; Navare, Sagar; Stratton, Michael] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Murray, Len] Sobran Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Heller, R (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rheller@odu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R33 HL005441] FX Funding for this work came from the National Institutes of Health R33 HL005441. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e115235 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115235 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX7UN UT WOS:000347120200029 PM 25545364 ER PT J AU Pollack, A Alnemrat, S Chamberlain, TW Khlobystov, AN Hooper, JP Osswald, S AF Pollack, Andrew Alnemrat, Sufian Chamberlain, Thomas W. Khlobystov, Andrei N. Hooper, Joseph P. Osswald, Sebastian TI Electronic Property Modification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulation of Sulfur-Terminated Graphene Nanoribbons SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID RESONANT RAMAN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LAYER GRAPHENE; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; MODES; BAND AB The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as cylindrical reactor vessels has become a viable means for synthesizing graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). While previous studies demonstrated that the size and edge structure of the as-produced GNRs are strongly dependent on the diameter of the tubes and the nature of the precursor, the atomic interactions between GNRs and surrounding CNTs and their effect on the electronic properties of the overall system are not well understood. Here, it is shown that the functional terminations of the GNR edges can have a strong influence on the electronic structure of the system. Analysis of SWCNTs before and after the insertion of sulfur-terminated GNRs suggests a metallization of the majority of semiconducting SWCNTs. This is indicated by changes in the radial breathing modes and the D and G band Raman features, as well as UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra. The variation in resonance conditions of the nanotubes following GNR insertion make direct (n, m) assignment by Raman spectroscopy difficult. Thus, density functional theory calculations of representative GNR/SWCNT systems are performed. The results confirm significant changes in the band structure, including the development of a metallic state in the semiconducting SWCNTs due to sulfur/tube interactions. The GNR-induced metallization of semiconducting SWCNTs may offer a means of controlling the electronic properties of bulk CNT samples and eliminate the need for a physical separation of semiconducting and metallic tubes. C1 [Pollack, Andrew; Alnemrat, Sufian; Hooper, Joseph P.; Osswald, Sebastian] Univ Circle Monterey, Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chamberlain, Thomas W.; Khlobystov, Andrei N.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Khlobystov, Andrei N.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham Nanotechnol & Nanosci Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Osswald, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, Neil Armstrong Hall Engn,701 West Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sosswald@purdue.edu RI Khlobystov, Andrei/C-1240-2015; alnemrat, sufian/J-4511-2015; Chamberlain, Thomas/E-1446-2017 OI Khlobystov, Andrei/0000-0001-7738-4098; alnemrat, sufian/0000-0002-5143-4066; Chamberlain, Thomas/0000-0001-8100-6452 FU Research Initiation Program of NPS' Office of Research, ONR [N0001414WX00160]; EPSRC; ERC; Royal Society; Nottingham Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre FX This work was supported by the Research Initiation Program of NPS' Office of Research, ONR grant N0001414WX00160, the EPSRC, ERC, Royal Society and Nottingham Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD DEC 29 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 24 BP 5077 EP 5086 DI 10.1002/smll.201401034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AW6FD UT WOS:000346364000010 PM 25123503 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Sun, W Liu, L Lu, JF McEachern, D Bernard, D Deschamps, JR Wang, SM AF Aguilar, Angelo Sun, Wei Liu, Liu Lu, Jianfeng McEachern, Donna Bernard, Denzil Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Wang, Shaomeng TI Design of Chemically Stable, Potent, and Efficacious MDM2 Inhibitors That Exploit the Retro-Mannich Ring-Opening-Cyclization Reaction Mechanism in Spiro-oxindoles SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID P53 PATHWAY; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; MOLECULE; SPIROOXINDOLES; AMPLIFICATION; ANTAGONISTS; DISCOVERY; BINDING; CANCER AB Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction is being actively pursued as a new anticancer therapeutic strategy, and spiro-oxindoles have been designed as a class of potent and efficacious small-molecule inhibitors of this interaction (MDM2 inhibitors). Our previous study showed that some of our first-generation spiro-oxindoles undergo a reversible ring-opening-cyclization reaction that, from a single compound in protic solution, results in an equilibrium mixture of four diastereoisomers. By exploiting the ring-opening-cyclization reaction mechanism, we have designed and synthesized a series of second-generation spiro-oxindoles with symmetrical pyrrolidine C2 substitution. These compounds undergo a rapid and irreversible conversion to a single, stable diastereoisomer. Our study has yielded compound 31 (MI-1061), which binds to MDM2 with K-i = 0.16 nM, shows excellent chemical stability, and achieves tumor regression in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor model in mice. C1 [Aguilar, Angelo; Sun, Wei; Liu, Liu; Lu, Jianfeng; McEachern, Donna; Bernard, Denzil; Wang, Shaomeng] Univ Michigan, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aguilar, Angelo; Sun, Wei; Liu, Liu; Lu, Jianfeng; McEachern, Donna; Bernard, Denzil; Wang, Shaomeng] Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aguilar, Angelo; Sun, Wei; Liu, Liu; Lu, Jianfeng; McEachern, Donna; Bernard, Denzil; Wang, Shaomeng] Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aguilar, Angelo; Sun, Wei; Liu, Liu; Lu, Jianfeng; McEachern, Donna; Bernard, Denzil; Wang, Shaomeng] Univ Michigan, Dept Med Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Comprehens Canc, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shaomeng@umich.edu RI SUN, Wei/M-1180-2015 FU NCI/NIH [R01CA121279]; University of Michigan Cancer Center grant [P30CA046592]; Sanofi; Ascenta Therapeutics Inc. FX This work was supported by grants from the NCI/NIH R01CA121279, University of Michigan Cancer Center grant P30CA046592, Sanofi, and Ascenta Therapeutics Inc. We thank Dr. G. W. A. Milne for editing of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 EI 1520-4804 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 25 PY 2014 VL 57 IS 24 BP 10486 EP 10498 DI 10.1021/jm501541j PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AY2RR UT WOS:000347437400021 PM 25496041 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Laskoski, M Saab, AP Qadri, SB Kolel-Veetil, M AF Keller, Teddy M. Laskoski, Matthew Saab, Andrew P. Qadri, Syed B. Kolel-Veetil, Manoj TI In Situ Formation of Nanoparticle Titanium Carbide/Nitride Shaped Ceramics from Meltable Precursor Composition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION; TIC POWDERS; CARBON; CARBIDES; GEL AB A new synthetic method has been developed for the in situ formation of TiC and TiN nanoparticles in a shaped solid from a meltable precursor composition. The reactants are titanium hydride (TiH2) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene (TPEB), which interact above 600 degrees C to form TiC and TiN nanoparticles in the presence of argon and nitrogen, respectively. When the compacted powdered precursor composition is heated above 200 degrees C, the acetylenic units of TPEB react forming a networked polymer with the TiH2 homogeneously dispersed in the confines of the thermoset. During the carbonization process of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene, the carbon atom migrate into the interstitial space of the Ti lattice, resulting in stoichiometric TiC being formed. The novel reaction yields shaped solids of nanoparticle ceramics. C1 [Keller, Teddy M.; Laskoski, Matthew; Saab, Andrew P.; Kolel-Veetil, Manoj] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors wish to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support of this work. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 25 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 51 BP 30153 EP 30161 DI 10.1021/jp5082388 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AY1NR UT WOS:000347360200080 ER PT J AU Breckenfeld, E Chen, ZH Damodaran, AR Martin, LW AF Breckenfeld, Eric Chen, Zuhuang Damodaran, Anoop. R. Martin, Lane W. TI Effects of Nonequilibrium Growth, Nonstoichiometry, and Film Orientation on the Metal-to-Insulator Transition in NdNiO3 Thin Films SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nickelates; epitaxial thin films; stoichiometry; strain; transport ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; STOICHIOMETRY; PEROVSKITES; DEFECTS AB Next-generation devices will rely on exotic functional properties not found in traditional systems. One class of materials of particular interest for applications are those possessing metal-to-insulator transitions (MITs). In this work, we probe the relationship between variations in the growth process, subsequent variations in cation stoichiometry, and the MIT in NdNiO3 thin films. Slight variations in the growth conditions, in particular the laser fluence, during pulsed-laser deposition growth of NdNiO3 produces films that are both single-phase and coherently strained to a range of substrates despite possessing as much as 15% Nd-excess. Subsequent study of the temperature-dependence of the electronic transport reveals dramatic changes in both the onset and magnitude of the resistivity change at the MIT with increasing cation nonstoichiometry giving rise to a decrease (and ultimately a suppression) of the transition and the magnitude of the resistivity change. From there, the electronic transport of nearly ideal NdNiO3 thin films are studied as a function of epitaxial strain, thickness, and orientation. Overall, transitioning from tensile to compressive strain results in a systematic reduction of the onset and magnitude of the resistivity change across the MIT, thinner films are found to possess sharper MITs with larger changes in the resistivity at the transition, and (001)-oriented films exhibit sharper and larger MITs as compared to (110)- and (111)-oriented films as a result of highly anisotropic in-plane transport in the latter. C1 [Breckenfeld, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20475 USA. [Chen, Zuhuang; Damodaran, Anoop. R.; Martin, Lane W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, Lane W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwmartin@berkeley.edu RI Chen, Zuhuang/E-7131-2011; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011 OI Chen, Zuhuang/0000-0003-1912-6490; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1124696]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0471]; Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0104]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0012375] FX E.B. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-1124696. Z.H.C. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0471. A.R.D. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office under grant W911NF-14-1-0104. L.W.M. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0012375. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 24 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 24 BP 22436 EP 22444 DI 10.1021/am506436s PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX8DA UT WOS:000347139400082 PM 25454898 ER PT J AU Elias, JS Risch, M Giordano, L Mansour, AN Shao-Horn, Y AF Elias, Joseph S. Risch, Marcel Giordano, Livia Mansour, Azzam N. Shao-Horn, Yang TI Structure, Bonding, and Catalytic Activity of Monodisperse, Transition-Metal-Substituted CeO2 Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CO OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CERIUM OXIDE; ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN; COPPER; CU; SURFACE AB We present a simple and generalizable synthetic route toward phase-pure, monodisperse transition-metal-substituted ceria nanoparticles (M0.1Ce0.9O2-x, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). The solution-based pyrolysis of a series of heterobimetallic Schiff base complexes ensures a rigorous control of the size, morphology and composition of 3 nm M0.1Ce0.9O2-x crystallites for CO oxidation catalysis and other applications. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the dispersion of aliovalent (M3+ and M2+) transition metal ions into the ceria matrix without the formation of any bulk transition metal oxide phases, while steady-state CO oxidation catalysis reveals an order of magnitude increase in catalytic activity with copper substitution. Density functional calculations of model slabs of these compounds confirm the stabilization of M3+ and M2+ in the lattice of CeO2. These results highlight the role of the host CeO2 lattice in stabilizing high oxidation states of aliovalent transition metal dopants that ordinarily would be intractable, such as Cu3+, as well as demonstrating a rational approach to catalyst design. The current work demonstrates, for the first time, a generalizable approach for the preparation of transition-metal-substituted CeO2 for a broad range of transition metals with unparalleled synthetic control and illustrates that Cu3+ is implicated in the mechanism for CO oxidation on CuO-CeO2 catalysts. C1 [Elias, Joseph S.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Risch, Marcel; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Giordano, Livia; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Giordano, Livia] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Mat, I-20125 Milan, Italy. [Mansour, Azzam N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Elias, JS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jselias@mit.edu; shaohorn@mit.edu OI Elias, Joseph/0000-0002-2941-777X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [CNMS2013-292]; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Government of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Philip Morris International; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1122374]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0946721] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. DFT computations in this work were benefited from the use of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center allocation of the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Grant Number CNMS2013-292. Research described in this paper was also performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. This work was partially supported by Philip Morris International. J.S.E. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1122374. The X-ray diffractometer used for single-crystal studies was purchased with the help of funding from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0946721. The authors would like to thank Ms. Kelsey Stoerzinger at MIT and Ms. Sarah Purdy at University of Saskatchewan for their assistance with soft XAS, Mr. Thomas Carney at MIT for assistance with ICP-AES, and thanks are due to the staff members at beamline X11A at NSLS and beamline SGM at CLS. The authors would like to thank Professor Yuriy Roman and his lab at MIT for helpful discussions concerning reactor design and Dr. Peter Muller at MIT for acquiring the single-crystal diffraction data. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 22 U2 176 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 49 BP 17193 EP 17200 DI 10.1021/ja509214d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AW8YC UT WOS:000346544200035 PM 25406101 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Warren, HP Lee, J Chung, S Katz, J Namkung, M AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Warren, H. P. Lee, J. Chung, S. Katz, J. Namkung, M. TI USING RUNNING DIFFERENCE IMAGES TO TRACK PROPER MOTIONS OF XUV CORONAL INTENSITY ON THE SUN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: UV radiation ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE-REGION; POLAR PLUMES; FILAMENT CHANNELS; UMBRAL FLASHES; SOLAR CORONA; WAVES; OSCILLATIONS; OUTFLOWS; CHROMOSPHERE AB We have developed a procedure for observing and tracking proper motions of faint XUV coronal intensity on the Sun and have applied this procedure to study the collective motions of cellular plumes and the shorter-period waves in sunspots. Our space/time maps of cellular plumes show a series of tracks with the same 5-8 minute repetition times and similar to 100 km s(-1) sky-plane speeds found previously in active-region fans and in coronal hole plumes. By synchronizing movies and space/time maps, we find that the tracks are produced by elongated ejections from the unipolar flux concentrations at the bases of the cellular plumes and that the phases of these ejections are uncorrelated from cell to cell. Thus, the large-scale motion is not a continuous flow, but is more like a system of independent conveyor belts all moving in the same direction along the magnetic field. In contrast, the proper motions in sunspots are clearly waves resulting from periodic disturbances in the sunspot umbras. The periods are similar to 2.6 minutes, but the sky-plane speeds and wavelengths depend on the heights of the waves above the sunspot. In the chromosphere, the waves decelerate from 35-45 km s(-1) in the umbra to 7-8 km s(-1) toward the outer edge of the penumbra, but in the corona, the waves accelerate to similar to 60-100 km s(-1). Because chromospheric and coronal tracks originate from the same space/time locations, the coronal waves must emerge from the same umbral flashes that produce the chromospheric waves. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Warren, H. P.; Lee, J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil; harry.warren@nrl.navy.mil OI Warren, Harry/0000-0001-6102-6851 FU Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program(NREIP) at NRL; NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to Nathan Rich (NRL) for his continuing help in the development of software for observing and analyzing SOHO, STEREO, and SDO images. We are grateful to the AIA and HMI science teams for providing observations from the NASA SDO spacecraft, and especially to Sam Freeland (Lockheed), Todd Hoeksema (Stanford), Marc de Rosa (Lockheed), and Phil Scherrer (Stanford) for help with downloading the data. It is a pleasure to acknowledge Jack Harvey (NSO), Frank Hill (NSO), G. Stenborg (GMU), Yi-Ming Wang (NRL), and Peter Young (GMU) for useful scientific discussions. One of us (S. C.) acknowledges support from the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program(NREIP) at NRL. Two of us (J.K. and M.N.) thank NRL for allowing us to participate in this research as NRL Student Volunteers. Financial support was provided by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 797 IS 2 AR 131 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/131 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AW5BS UT WOS:000346291600059 ER PT J AU Shah, K Drake, SJ Wetz, DA Ostanek, JK Miller, SP Heinzel, JM Jain, A AF Shah, K. Drake, S. J. Wetz, D. A. Ostanek, J. K. Miller, S. P. Heinzel, J. M. Jain, A. TI An experimentally validated transient thermal model for cylindrical Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion cells; Energy conversion; Transient thermal management; Battery cooling; Laplace transforms ID MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; PHASE-CHANGE; BATTERIES; LITHIUM; PACKS AB Measurement and modeling of thermal phenomena in Li-ion cells is a critical research challenge that directly affects both performance and safety. Even though the operation of a Li-ion cell is in most cases a transient phenomenon, most available thermal models for Li-ion cells predict only steady-state temperature fields. This paper presents the derivation, experimental validation and application of an analytical model to predict the transient temperature field in a cylindrical Li-ion cell in response to time-varying heat generation within the cell. The derivation is based on Laplace transformation of governing energy equations, and accounts for anisotropic thermal conduction within the cell. Model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements on a thermal test cell. The effects of various thermophysical properties and parameters on transient thermal characteristics of the cell are analyzed. The effect of pulse width and cooling time for pulsed operation is quantified. The thermal response to multiple cycles of discharge and charge is computed, and cell-level trade-offs for this process are identified. The results presented in this paper may help understand thermal phenomena in Li-ion cells, and may contribute towards thermal design and optimization tools for energy conversion and storage systems based on Li-ion cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shah, K.; Drake, S. J.; Jain, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Arlington, TX USA. [Wetz, D. A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX USA. [Ostanek, J. K.; Miller, S. P.; Heinzel, J. M.] US Navy, Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), 500 W First St,Rm 211, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jaina@uta.edu OI Shah, Krishna/0000-0002-7802-6361 FU ONR [N000141310819] FX This research was partly under ONR grant number N000141310819. The authors acknowledge assistance from Mr. Jared Jones in automation of data acquisition for the experiments. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 271 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.118 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AR2CQ UT WOS:000343391600035 ER PT J AU Stroman, RO Jackson, GS Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, K AF Stroman, Richard O. Jackson, Gregory S. Garsany, Yannick Swider-Lyons, Karen TI A calibrated hydrogen-peroxide direct-borohydride fuel cell model SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fuel cell; Borohydride; Design; Transport; Power density; Reactant utilization ID SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; CATHODE; ELECTROCATALYST; DECOMPOSITION; GENERATION; HYDROLYSIS; ELECTRODES; PARAMETERS AB A numerical model with global reaction rates is calibrated to measurements from a simple hydrogen-peroxide direct-borohydride fuel cell (H2O2-DBFC), and then used to unravel complex electrochemical and competing parasitic reactions. In this H2O2-DBFC, fuel (1-50 mM NaBH4/2 M NaOH) is oxidized at a Au anode and oxidizer (10-40 mM H2O2/1 M H2SO4) is reduced at a Pd:Ir cathode. Polarization curves and electrode potentials, as functions of fuel and oxidizer feeds support global reaction rate parameter fitting. The measurements and calibrated model showed H2O2 decomposition at the cathode depresses open circuit voltage from 3.01 V theoretical to 1.65 V, and when H2O2 supply is limited, cathode potentials are sufficiently negative to make H+ reduction to H-2 thermodynamically favorable. Calibrated model results show that thin concentration boundary layers limit reactant utilization and current density. Decreasing the inlet concentrations, flow rates, and cell voltage slow parasitic reactions and favor desirable charge transfer reactions. Peak conversion efficiency and peak power density coincide because thermodynamic efficiency and parasitic reaction rates decrease (relative to charge transfer reaction rates) with increasing current density. We conclude that the performance of a fuel cell with parasitic side reactions can be predicted through numerical modeling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stroman, Richard O.; Swider-Lyons, Karen] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stroman, Richard O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jackson, Gregory S.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Garsany, Yannick] EXCET Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Stroman, RO (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.stroman@nrl.navy.mil RI Jackson, Gregory/N-9919-2014; Stroman, Richard/F-6868-2014 OI Jackson, Gregory/0000-0002-8928-2459; Stroman, Richard/0000-0003-4937-8365 FU NRL Edison Memorial Training Program; NRL Chemistry Division; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NRL Edison Memorial Training Program, the NRL Chemistry Division, and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 20 PY 2014 VL 271 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.139 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AR2CQ UT WOS:000343391600056 ER PT J AU Zabetakis, D Olson, MA Anderson, GP Legler, PM Goldman, ER AF Zabetakis, Dan Olson, Mark A. Anderson, George P. Legler, Patricia M. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Evaluation of Disulfide Bond Position to Enhance the Thermal Stability of a Highly Stable Single Domain Antibody SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; FRAGMENTS; STABILIZATION; REPERTOIRE; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; REGIONS; TOXIN AB Single domain antibodies are the small recombinant variable domains derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies. They are renowned for their stability, in large part due to their ability to refold following thermal or chemical denaturation. In addition to refolding after heat denaturation, A3, a high affinity anti-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B single domain antibody, possesses a melting temperature of similar to 84 degrees C, among the highest reported for a single domain antibody. In this work we utilized the recently described crystal structure of A3 to select locations for the insertion of a second disulfide bond and evaluated the impact that the addition of this second bond had on the melting temperature. Four double-disulfide versions of A3 were constructed and each was found to improve the melting temperature relative to the native structure without reducing affinity. Placement of the disulfide bond at a previously published position between framework regions 2 and 3 yielded the largest improvement (>6 degrees C), suggesting this location is optimal, and seemingly provides a universal route to raise the melting temperature of single domain antibodies. This study further demonstrates that even single domain antibodies with extremely high melting points can be further stabilized by addition of disulfide bonds. C1 [Zabetakis, Dan; Anderson, George P.; Legler, Patricia M.; Goldman, Ellen R.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Olson, Mark A.] USAMRIID, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e115405 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0115405 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX8WK UT WOS:000347186200025 PM 25526640 ER PT J AU Cunningham, PD Khachatrian, A Buckhout-White, S Deschamps, JR Goldman, ER Medintz, IL Melinger, JS AF Cunningham, Paul D. Khachatrian, Ani Buckhout-White, Susan Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Goldman, Ellen R. Medintz, Igor L. Melinger, Joseph S. TI Resonance Energy Transfer in DNA Duplexes Labeled with Localized Dyes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; PHOTONIC WIRES; FRET; PHOTOPHYSICS; ORIENTATION; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; ACIDS; CY3 AB The growing maturity of DNA-based architectures has raised considerable interest in applying them to create photoactive light harvesting and sensing devices. Toward optimizing efficiency in such structures, resonant energy transfer was systematically examined in a series of dye-labeled DNA duplexes where donor-acceptor separation was incrementally changed from 0 to 16 base pairs. Cyanine dyes were localized on the DNA using double phosphoramidite attachment chemistry. Steady state spectroscopy, single-pair fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, and ultrafast two-color pump-probe methods were utilized to examine the energy transfer processes. Energy transfer rates were found to be more sensitive to the distance between the Cy3 donor and Cy5 acceptor dye molecules than efficiency measurements. Picosecond energy transfer and near-unity efficiencies were observed for the closest separations. Comparison between our measurements and the predictions of Forster theory based on structural modeling of the dye-labeled DNA duplex suggest that the double phosphoramidite linkage leads to a distribution of intercalated and nonintercalated dye orientations. Deviations from the predictions of Forster theory point to a failure of the point dipole approximation for separations of less than 10 base pairs. Interactions between the dyes that alter their optical properties and violate the weak-coupling assumption of Foster theory were observed for separations of less than four base pairs, suggesting the removal of nucleobases causes DNA deformation and leads to enhanced dye-dye interaction. C1 [Cunningham, Paul D.; Khachatrian, Ani; Buckhout-White, Susan; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Medintz, Igor L.; Melinger, Joseph S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Buckhout-White, Susan] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Cunningham, PD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.cunningham@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.melinger@nrl.navy.mil FU Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 50 BP 14555 EP 14565 DI 10.1021/jp5065006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AX2FQ UT WOS:000346759400001 PM 25397906 ER PT J AU Papeer, J Botton, M Gordon, D Sprangle, P Zigler, A Henis, Z AF Papeer, J. Botton, M. Gordon, D. Sprangle, P. Zigler, A. Henis, Z. TI Extended lifetime of high density plasma filament generated by a dual femtosecond-nanosecond laser pulse in air SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE femtosecond filamentation; plasma filaments; high power lasers; air plasma; laser plasma interaction ID TRANSPARENT MEDIA AB A substantially extended lifetime of a high-density plasma channel generated in the wake of an intense femtosecond pulse propagating in air is experimentally demonstrated. Free electron density above 10(15) cm(-3) in the formed plasma filament is measured to be sustained for more than 30 ns. This high-density plasma lifetime prolongation of more than one order of magnitude is achieved by properly timed irradiation of the filament with a relatively low-intensity nanosecond laser pulse, in comparison with a filament without such irradiation. The experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical model that follows the evolution of the temperature and density of various molecules, atoms, and ion species. The results point to the possibility of generating extremely long time duration, stable high-density plasma filaments in air. C1 [Papeer, J.; Botton, M.; Zigler, A.; Henis, Z.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papeer, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM Evgeny.Papeer@mail.huji.ac.il FU Israeli Science Foundation [1545] FX This work was supported by the Israeli Science Foundation, grant number 1545. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 17 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 123046 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/12/123046 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX3EC UT WOS:000346822200004 ER PT J AU Zawdie, KA Huba, JD AF Zawdie, K. A. Huba, J. D. TI Can HF heating generate ESF bubbles? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE artificial HF heating; ionosphere; bubbles ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; POWER RADIO-WAVES; MODEL AB The injection of powerful HF waves into the ionosphere can lead to strong electron heating followed by a pressure perturbation which can locally reduce the plasma density. In the postsunset equatorial ionosphere, density perturbations can provide the seed to generate equatorial spread F (ESF) bubbles. In this paper, a modified version of the SAMI3/ESF ionosphere code is used to model the density depletions created by HF heating and to determine if ESF bubbles can be artificially generated. It is found that HF heating primarily redistributes plasma along the geomagnetic field and does not significantly perturb the flux tube integrated conductivities. Thus, HF heating does not appear to be a viable method to seed or generate ESF bubbles. C1 [Zawdie, K. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zawdie, KA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kate.zawdie@nrl.navy.mil OI Zawdie, Kate/0000-0001-7192-4356 FU NRL Base Funds; LWS NASA grant FX We thank Paul Bernhardt for suggesting this problem and providing useful insights, and Clayton Coker and Sarah McDonald for helpful conversations. This research has been supported by NRL Base Funds and an LWS NASA grant (J.D.H.). This work is from a dissertation to be submitted to the Graduate School, University of Maryland, by Katherine Zawdie in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD. degree in Physics. Data are available on request from the lead author. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8155 EP 8160 DI 10.1002/2014GL062293 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000002 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Sazykin, S AF Huba, J. D. Sazykin, S. TI Storm time ionosphere and plasmasphere structuring: SAMI3-RCM simulation of the 31 March 2001 geomagnetic storm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetic storm; SAMI3; RCM model; simulation study; ionosphere ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; PENETRATION; SATURATION; DENSITY; SYSTEM; DRIVEN AB We present the first self-consistent modeling study of the ionosphere-plasmasphere system response to a geomagnetic storm. We use the coupled SAMI3-Rice Convention Model (RCM) of the global ionosphere and inner magnetosphere, with self-consistent electrodynamics, to simulate the 31 March 2001 magnetic storm. We find that the penetration electric fields associated with the magnetic storm lead to a storm time-enhanced density (SED) in the low- to middle-latitude ionosphere and that the separation in latitude of the Appleton anomaly peaks increases. The SED exhibits magnetic conjugacy, occurring in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Moreover, mapping the boundary of the SED into the equatorial plane coincides with the development of a plume-like structure in the plasmasphere. These preliminary results are consistent with observations. C1 [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sazykin, S.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@nrl.navy.mil RI Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008 OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248 FU LWS NASA grant; NRL Base Funds; NASA [NNX10AL04G, NNX10AQ43G, NNX11AJ38G]; NSF [OCI-0959097]; NIH [NCRR S10RR02950]; IBM Shared University Research (SUR) Award; CISCO; Qlogic; Adaptive Computing FX This research has been supported by an LWS NASA grant and NRL Base Funds. Work at Rice University was supported by NASA grants NNX10AL04G, NNX10AQ43G, and NNX11AJ38G. Computing resources supporting this work at Rice University were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center, and by Rice University in part by the Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure funded by NSF under grant OCI-0959097, and by NIH award NCRR S10RR02950 and an IBM Shared University Research (SUR) Award in partnership with CISCO, Qlogic, and Adaptive Computing. Data are available upon request from the lead author. Lastly, we acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's OMNIWeb (or CDAWeb or ftp) service, and OMNI data. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8208 EP 8214 DI 10.1002/2014GL062110 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000009 ER PT J AU Cheriton, OM McPhee-Shaw, EE Storlazzi, CD Rosenberger, KJ Shaw, WJ Raanan, BY AF Cheriton, Olivia M. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Storlazzi, Curt D. Rosenberger, Kurt J. Shaw, William J. Raanan, Ben Y. TI Upwelling rebound, ephemeral secondary pycnoclines, and the creation of a near-bottom wave guide over the Monterey Bay continental shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; internal waves of elevation; near-bed pycnocline; continental shelf; Monterey Bay ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; SUBMARINE-CANYON; INNER-SHELF; TIDES; STRATIFICATION; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB Several sequential upwelling events were observed in fall 2012, using measurements from the outer half of the continental shelf in Monterey Bay, during which the infiltration of dense water onto the shelf created a secondary, near-bottom pycnocline. This deep pycnocline existed in concert with the near-surface pycnocline and enabled the propagation of near-bottom, cold, semidiurnal internal tidal bores, as well as energetic, high-frequency, nonlinear internal waves of elevation (IWOE). The IWOE occurred within 20m of the bottom, had amplitudes of 8-24m, periods of 6-45min, and depth-integrated energy fluxes up to 200Wm(-1). Iribarren numbers (<0.03) indicate that these IWOE were nonbreaking in this region of the shelf. These observations further demonstrate how regional upwelling dynamics and the resulting bulk, cross-margin hydrography is a first-order control on the ability of internal waves, at tidal and higher frequencies, to propagate through continental shelf waters. C1 [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Rosenberger, Kurt J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA USA. [Shaw, William J.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Raanan, Ben Y.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Cheriton, OM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ocheriton@usgs.gov OI Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0961810]; U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, Bellingham, Shaw, and Stanton) and by the U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank C. Hunter, T. Elfers, P. Dal Ferro, J. White, and J. Ferreira for deployment support. We are grateful to M. McManus at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for loaning us the autonomous profiler. J. Sevadjian (MLML) provided helpful discussions. B. Edwards and J. Reid supplied the mud belt sediment distribution data shown in Figure 1, and N. Golden assisted with the mapping of these data. We thank the captain and crews of the R/V Pt Sur. We are grateful to C. Sherwood for an initial review of the manuscript, and to B. Weller and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Use of trademark names does not imply U.S. government endorsement of product. The USGS data sets presented herein can be obtained by sending a written request to the corresponding author. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 23 BP 8503 EP 8511 DI 10.1002/2014GL061897 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AZ8JP UT WOS:000348462000046 ER PT J AU Newsome, GA Ackerman, LK Johnson, KJ AF Newsome, G. Asher Ackerman, Luke K. Johnson, Kevin J. TI Humidity Affects Relative Ion Abundance in Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; TEMPERATURE PLASMA PROBE; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; IONIZATION SOURCE; VAPOR-PRESSURES; HMTD AB Unstable explosive hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is dangerous in quantity and benefits from the minimal sampling handling associated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for mass spectral analysis. Seasonal variation observed in HMTD mass spectra suggested a humidity dependence. Therefore, direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization mass spectra were acquired at a range of humidity values. An enclosure was designed to fit around the ion source and mass spectrometer inlet at atmospheric pressure. The enclosure was supplied with controlled amounts of humidified air from a test atmosphere generator to create programmable conditions for ambient analysis. The relative abundance and fragmentation of analyte ions were observed to change reliably with changing humidity values and, to a lesser degree, temperature. Humidity at such plasma-based ion sources should be regulated to avoid similar to 90% shifts in relative ion abundance and provide stability and reproducibility of HMTD analysis. C1 [Newsome, G. Asher] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Ackerman, Luke K.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, Div Analyt Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Johnson, Kevin J.] US Naval Res Lab, Naval Tech Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newsome, GA (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St,Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM graham.newsome.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Newsome, G. Asher/J-8970-2012; Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011 OI Newsome, G. Asher/0000-0003-1683-2197; Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX The authors wish to thank Michael Malito of Nova Research, Inc., for assistance with designing the source enclosure and Lauryn DeGreeff-Silk of the Naval Research Laboratory for preparing the HMTD solution. Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 24 BP 11977 EP 11980 DI 10.1021/ac503652x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AX1BR UT WOS:000346683900011 PM 25419648 ER PT J AU Boyd, DA Bezares, FJ Pacardo, DB Ukaegbu, M Hosten, C Ligler, FS AF Boyd, Darryl A. Bezares, Francisco J. Pacardo, Dennis B. Ukaegbu, Maraizu Hosten, Charles Ligler, Frances S. TI Small-Molecule Detection in Thiol-Yne Nanocomposites via Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BIOMARKER DETECTION; FACILE FABRICATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANTHRAX BIOMARKER; CLICK CHEMISTRY; SCATTERING; SENSORS; DNA; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATIONS AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is generally performed on planar surfaces, which can be difficult to prepare and may limit the interaction of the sensing surface with targets in large volume samples. We propose that nanocomposite materials can be configured that both include SERS probes and provide a high surface area-to-volume format, i.e., fibers. Thiol-yne nanocomposite films and fibers were fabricated using exposure to long-wave ultraviolet light after the inclusion of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with thiophenol. A SERS response was observed that was proportional to the aggregation of the AuNPs within the polymers and the amount of thiophenol present. Overall, this proof-of-concept fabrication of SERS active polymers indicated that thiol-yne nanocomposites may be useful as durable film or fiber SERS probes. Properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated using various techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, mu-Raman spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. C1 [Boyd, Darryl A.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bezares, Francisco J.] ICFO, Castelldefels 08860, Barcelona, Spain. [Pacardo, Dennis B.; Ligler, Frances S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pacardo, Dennis B.; Ligler, Frances S.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ukaegbu, Maraizu; Hosten, Charles] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Boyd, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM darryl.boyd@nrl.navy.mil RI Boyd, Darryl/F-4269-2016 OI Boyd, Darryl/0000-0001-7327-2443 FU ONR/NRL Work Unit 9899; Jerome & Isabella Karle Fellowship; State of North Carolina; National Science Foundation FX The work was supported by ONR/NRL Work Unit 9899 and the Jerome & Isabella Karle Fellowship. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. The authors acknowledge the use of experimental facilities in the Hosten lab at Howard University. The authors also acknowledge the use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at the North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 16 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 24 BP 12315 EP 12320 DI 10.1021/ac503607b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AX1BR UT WOS:000346683900058 PM 25383912 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Powell, TM Jacobson, IG Smith, B Hooper, TI Boyko, EJ Gackstetter, GD AF Smith, Tyler C. Powell, Teresa M. Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Besa Hooper, Tomoko I. Boyko, Edward J. Gackstetter, Gary D. TI Chronic Multisymptom Illness: A Comparison of Iraq and Afghanistan Deployers With Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gulf War syndrome; illnesses in Gulf War Veterans; multisystem illness; symptom self-reporting ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILITARY SERVICE MEMBERS; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; US MILITARY; HEALTH-STATUS; FOLLOW-UP; HOSPITALIZATION DATA AB Symptoms and illnesses reported by veterans of the 1991 GulfWar era are a cause of potential concern for those military members who have deployed to the Gulf region in support of more recent contingency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. In the present study, we quantified self-reported symptoms from participants in the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective study representing all US service branches, including both active duty and Reserve/National Guard components (2001-2008). Self-reported symptoms were uniquely compared with those in a cohort of subjects from the 1991 Gulf War to gain context for the present report. Symptoms were then aggregated to identify cases of chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) based on the case definition from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The prevalence of self-reported CMI symptoms was compared with that collected in 1997-1999 from a study population of US Seabees from the 1991 Gulf War, as well as from deployed and nondeployed subgroups. Although overall symptom reporting was much less in the Millennium Cohort than in the 1991 Gulf War cohort, a higher prevalence of reported CMI was noted among deployed compared with nondeployed contemporary cohort members. An increased understanding of coping skills and resilience and development of well-designed screening instruments, along with appropriate clinical and psychological follow-up for returning veterans, might help to focus resources on early identification of potential long-term chronic disease manifestations. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.] Natl Univ, Dept Community Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.] Natl Univ, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Powell, Teresa M.; Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Besa] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Smith, Besa] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.; Gackstetter, Gary D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Natl Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Hlth & Human Serv, 3678 Aero Court, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM tsmith@nu.edu FU US Department of Defense FX This research was supported by the US Department of Defense and was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2000.0007). Additional support was provided by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland. VA Puget Sound Health Care System provided support for Dr. Boyko's participation in this research. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 180 IS 12 BP 1176 EP 1187 DI 10.1093/aje/kwu240 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AW6ZN UT WOS:000346414300007 PM 25466246 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Boss, E Gray, DJ AF Zhang, Xiaodong Boss, Emmanuel Gray, Deric J. TI Significance of scattering by oceanic particles at angles around 120 degree SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BACKWARD DIRECTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COASTAL WATERS; BREAKING WAVES; PURE SEAWATER; SEA-WATER; BACKSCATTERING; COEFFICIENT AB Field observations and theoretical studies have shown that shapes of the volume scattering functions (VSFs) of oceanic particles in the backward directions, i.e., VSFs normalized by the total backscattering coefficient, exhibit a surprisingly low variability at angles near 120 degree, which is also confirmed by measurements of VSFs in coastal waters around the US. To investigate what this minimum variability angle (theta*) represents, we estimated mean values of the VSFs in the backward angles using four mean value theorems: mean value for integral, weighted mean value for integral, classic mean value for differentiation and Cauchy's mean value. We also estimated the angles corresponding to the minimum values of the VSFs. We found theta* to be very close to the angles representing the classic mean values for differentiation of the VSFs. The low variability is due to the fact that the classic mean values vary little with the composition and sizes of particles. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Xiaodong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Boss, Emmanuel] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gray, Deric J.] US Navy, Res Lab Code 7231, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM zhang@aero.und.edu RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009 OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AB20A, NNX13AN72G]; Office of Naval Research [00014-13-1-0146] FX XZ acknowledges the funding support from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNX13AB20A, NNX13AN72G). EB acknowledges funding support from the Office of Naval Research (00014-13-1-0146). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 25 BP 31329 EP 31336 DI 10.1364/OE.22.031329 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA AW6GW UT WOS:000346368800125 PM 25607081 ER PT J AU Nepal, N Goswami, R Qadri, SB Mahadik, NA Kub, FJ Eddy, CR AF Nepal, N. Goswami, R. Qadri, S. B. Mahadik, N. A. Kub, F. J. Eddy, C. R., Jr. TI Growth of MN/Pt heterostructures on amorphous substrates at low temperatures via atomic layer epitaxy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer epitaxy; AlN/Pt heterostructures; Microelectromechanical systems; Low temperature ID THIN-FILMS; ALN; QUALITY; RESONATORS; BULK AB Recent results on atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) growth and characterization of (0001)AlN on highly oriented (111)Pt layers on amorphous HfO2/Si(100) are reported. HfO2 was deposited by atomic layer deposition on Si(100) followed by ALE growth of Pt(15 nm) and, subsequently, AlN(60 nm) at 500 degrees C. Based on the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, the Pt and AlN layers are highly oriented along the (111) and (0002) directions, respectively. Demonstrations of AlN/Pt heterostructures open up the possibility of new state-of-the-art microelectromechanical systems devices. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nepal, N.; Goswami, R.; Qadri, S. B.; Mahadik, N. A.; Kub, F. J.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nepal, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nnepalncsu@gmail.com FU American Society for Engineering Education - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship program; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX N.N. would like to acknowledge the support of The American Society for Engineering Education - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship program. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 15 PY 2014 VL 93 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.08.027 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AU2XO UT WOS:000345478100011 ER PT J AU Hota, SS Chowdhury, P Khoo, TL Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Qiu, Y Ahmad, I Greene, JP Tandel, SK Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Bertone, PF Chiara, CJ Deo, AY D'Olympia, N Gros, S Guess, CJ Harrington, T Hartley, DJ Henning, G Hoffman, CR Jackson, EG Kondev, FG Lakshmi, S Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ McCutchan, EA Moran, K Nair, C Peterson, D Shirwadkar, U Stefanescu, I AF Hota, S. S. Chowdhury, P. Khoo, T. L. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Qiu, Y. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Tandel, S. K. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Bertone, P. F. Chiara, C. J. Deo, A. Y. D'Olympia, N. Gros, S. Guess, C. J. Harrington, T. Hartley, D. J. Henning, G. Hoffman, C. R. Jackson, E. G. Kondev, F. G. Lakshmi, S. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. McCutchan, E. A. Moran, K. Nair, C. Peterson, D. Shirwadkar, U. Stefanescu, I. TI N=151 Pu, Cm and Cf nuclei under rotational stress: Role of higher-order deformations SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Superheavy; Neutron-rich; Inelastic and transfer reactions; Rotational alignments; Higher-order deformations ID ISOTOPES; DECAY AB Fast-rotating N = 151 isotones Pu-245, Cm-247 and Cf-249 have been studied through inelastic excitation and transfer reactions with radioactive targets. While all have a ground-state band built on a nu j(15/2)[734]9/2(-) Nilsson configuration, new excited bands have also been observed in each isotone. These odd-N excited bands allow a comparison of the alignment behavior for two different configurations, where the nu j(15/2) alignment is either blocked or allowed. The effect of higher order deformations is explored through cranking calculations, which help clarify the elusive nature of nu j(15/2) alignments. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hota, S. S.; Chowdhury, P.; Qiu, Y.; Tandel, S. K.; Deo, A. Y.; D'Olympia, N.; Guess, C. J.; Harrington, T.; Jackson, E. G.; Lakshmi, S.; Lister, C. J.; Moran, K.; Shirwadkar, U.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Khoo, T. L.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.; Bertone, P. F.; Chiara, C. J.; Gros, S.; Henning, G.; Hoffman, C. R.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; McCutchan, E. A.; Nair, C.; Peterson, D.; Stefanescu, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chiara, C. J.; Stefanescu, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chowdhury, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM sankha.hota@anu.edu.au; partha_chowdhury@uml.edu RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Hoffman, Calem/H-4325-2016 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Hoffman, Calem/0000-0001-7141-9827 FU Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1203100] FX Fruitful discussions with S. Frauendorf are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the trans-plutonium element production facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy, for providing isotopes for the targets. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under award numbers DE-FG02-94ER40848 and DE-FG02-94ER40834, and contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357, and the National Science Foundation under Grant number PHY-1203100. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science user facility. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 12 PY 2014 VL 739 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.021 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AW0RW UT WOS:000346002000003 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, G Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Grosnick, D Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, W Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Desouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Grosnick, D. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Desouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. TI J/psi polarization in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV in STAR SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Charmonia; Polarization; Spin alignment; STAR; RHIC ID HADRONIC PRODUCTION; J-PSI; HEAVY QUARKONIUM; TEV; DISTRIBUTIONS; UPSILON; PROMPT; GLUON AB We report on a polarization measurement of inclusive J/psi mesons in the di-electron decay channel at mid-rapidity at 2 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. Data were taken with the STAR detector at RHIC. The J/psi polarization measurement should help to distinguish between different models of the J/psi production mechanism since they predict different p(T) dependences of the J/psi polarization. In this analysis, J/psi is studied in the helicity frame. The polarization parameter lambda(theta) measured at RHIC becomes smaller towards high p(T), indicating more longitudinal J/psi polarization as p(T) increases. The result is compared with predictions of presently available models. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Hajkova, O.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Korsch, W.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Leight, W.; Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lima, L. M.; Munhoz, M. G.; Oliveira, R. A. N.; Desouza, U. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Li, X.; Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Sandacz, A.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Trzeciak, BA (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. EM barbara.trzeciak@gmail.com RI Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013 OI Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001 FU Offices of NP; HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation, GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 12 PY 2014 VL 739 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2014.10.049 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AW0RW UT WOS:000346002000029 ER PT J AU Oran, ES Gamezo, VN Zipf, RK AF Oran, E. S. Gamezo, V. N. Zipf, R. K., Jr. TI LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS AND ABSOLUTE DETONABILITY OF METHANE/AIR MIXTURES SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Absolute detonability; Detonation cell size; Explosion limits; Methane-air explosions; Methane detonability ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; GAS-AIR MIXTURES AB The Gas Explosions Research Facility at Lake Lynn Experimental Mines was used to determine the detonability limit of methane for a 1-meter diameter tube as a function of the percent of methane in air. The measurements showed detonation limits of 5.3% (lean) and 15.6% (rich). A method for extrapolating these limits to larger systems, more relevant to coal mine tunnels, was proposed based on a simple scaling law and some empirical information on the number of cells required for a detonation to propagate in closed, open, and partially open geometries. The scaling law reproduces the measured detonation-cell sizes measured in the 1-m tube. Applying this to a tunnel the size of a coal mine produces a detonability limit less than the currently measured flammability limit for methane/air at atmospheric conditions, which raises interesting questions for detonation and combustion theory and suggests measurements in larger tubes. C1 [Oran, E. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gamezo, V. N.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zipf, R. K., Jr.] NIOSH, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elaine.oran@gmail.com FU Office of Mine Safety and Health Research of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Office of Naval Research through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; University of Maryland through Minta Martin Endowment Funds in the Department of Aerospace Engineering; University of Maryland through Glenn L. Martin Institute Chaired Professorship at the A. James Clark School of Engineering FX The bulk of the research on which this paper is based was sponsored by the Office of Mine Safety and Health Research of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Office of Naval Research through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Preparation of this paper was supported by the University of Maryland through Minta Martin Endowment Funds in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, and through the Glenn L. Martin Institute Chaired Professorship at the A. James Clark School of Engineering. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 150 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 10 PY 2014 VL 187 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 324 EP 341 DI 10.1080/00102202.2014.976308 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AW4PP UT WOS:000346263500015 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Wang, Y. -M. TI CORONAL INFLOWS DURING THE INTERVAL 1996-2014 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: magnetic fields; sunspots ID NONAXISYMMETRIC OPEN FLUX; X-RAY EVENTS; MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RIGID ROTATION; SOLAR CORONA; HOLES; FLARE; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION AB We extend our previous counts of coronal inflows from the 5 yr interval 1996-2001 to the 18 yr interval 1996-2014. By comparing stackplots of these counts with similar stackplots of the source-surface magnetic field and its longitudinal gradient, we find that the inflows occur in long-lived streams with counting rates in excess of 18 inflows per day at sector boundaries where the gradient exceeds 0.22 G rad(-1). These streams are responsible for the high (86%) correlation between the inflow rate and the longitudinal field gradient. The overall inflow rate was several times larger in sunspot cycle 23 than it has been so far in cycle 24, reflecting the relatively weak source-surface fields during this cycle. By comparison, in cycles 21-22, the source-surface field and its gradient had bursts of great strength, as if large numbers of inflows occurred during those cycles. We find no obvious relation between inflows and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on timescales of days to weeks, regardless of the speeds of the CMEs, and only a 60% correlation on timescales of months, provided the CMEs are fast (V > 600 km s(-1)). We conclude that most of the flux carried out by CMEs is returned to the Sun via field line reconnection well below the 2.0 R-circle dot inner limit of the LASCO field of view, and that the remainder accumulates in the outer corona for an eventual return at sector boundaries. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Wang, Y. -M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the NSO, WSO, and MDI/HMI science teams for providing magnetic field measurements. We thank Nathan Rich (NRL) for continuing to provide high-quality LASCO C2 observations and for his help with software problems. We are grateful to him, and to Harry Warren (NRL), Ignacio Ugarte-Urra (GMU), and Guillermo Stenborg (GMU) for programming help. We are pleased to acknowledge Angelos Vourlidas (NRL) for providing useful references on CMEs. Financial support was provided by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. 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Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Dielectron azimuthal anisotropy at mid-rapidity in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; STAR EXPERIMENT; P COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; SYSTEM; TRAY; TPC AB We report on the first measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy (v(2)) of dielectrons (e(+)e(-) pairs) at mid-rapidity fromv root s(NN) = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), presented as a function of transverse momentum (pT) for different invariant-mass regions. In the mass region M-ee < 1.1 GeV/c(2) the dielectron v(2) measurements are found to be consistent with expectations from pi(0), eta, omega, and phi decay contributions. In the mass region 1.1 < M-ee < 2.9 GeV/c(2), the measured dielectron v(2) is consistent, within experimental uncertainties, with that from the c<(c)over bar> contributions. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ, HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Greiner, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016 OI Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657 FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP; HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank C. Gale, R. Rapp, G. Vujanovic, and C. Young for valuable discussions and for providing the theoretical calculations. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, the National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC 9 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 064904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.064904 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AW6MR UT WOS:000346384100005 ER PT J AU Yin, P Zhang, JH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Yin, Ping Zhang, Jiaheng Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic N,N '-Ethylene-Bridged Bis(nitropyrazoles): Diversified Functionalities and Properties SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bis(nitropyrazoles); energetic properties; explosives; nitrogen heterocycles; structure elucidation ID DERIVATIVES; SALTS; MONO; 3,4,5-TRINITRO-1H-PYRAZOLE; PERFORMANCE; NITRATION; DESIGN; DI AB A new class of N, N'-ethylene-bridged bis(nitropyrazoles) was synthesized and fully characterized. The highly efficient formation of the N, N'-ethylene bridge was accomplished using dibromoethane and ammonium or potassium pyrazolate. Further functional-group transformations of diaminobis(pyrazole) and dichlorobis(pyrazole) gave rise to diversified derivatives, including dinitramino-, diazido- and hexanitrobis(pyrazole). Single-crystal X-ray diffractions were obtained for hexanitro and diazido derivatives to illustrate the structural characteristics. Heats of formation and detonation performance were calculated by using Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs, respectively. Because of the different functionalized groups, the impact and friction sensitivities of these new compounds range from insensitive to sensitive. Among them, the hexanitro derivative displays the most promising overall energetic properties (density (rho)= 1.84 g cm(-3); decomposition temperature (T-d) = 250 degrees C; detonation pressure (P) = 34.1 GPa; detonation velocity (v(D))= 8759 ms(-1); impact sensitivity (IS) = 25 J; friction sensitivity (FS) = 160 N), which is competitive with those of 1,3,5-trinitrotriazacyclohexane (rho = 1.80 g cm(-3); T-d = 205 degrees C; P = 35.0 GPa; v(D) = 8762 ms(-1); IS = 7 J; FS= 120 N). C1 [Yin, Ping; Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 FU ONR [NOOO14-12-1-0536] FX We are grateful to Dr. Clifford Bedford and also for the support of ONR (NOOO14-12-1-0536). NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD DEC 8 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 50 BP 16529 EP 16536 DI 10.1002/chem.201404991 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AW1NJ UT WOS:000346055800018 PM 25332202 ER PT J AU Heyman, JN Kune, RFF Alebachew, BA Nguyen, MD Robinson, JT AF Heyman, J. N. Kune, R. F. Foo Alebachew, B. A. Nguyen, M. D. Robinson, J. T. TI Ultrafast terahertz Faraday rotation in graphene SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; FILMS; LAYER AB Terahertz (THz) Faraday rotation measurements were performed to investigate carrier dynamics in p-type Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene. We used static and time-resolved polarization-sensitive THz transmission measurements in a magnetic field to probe free carriers in GaAs, InP, and Graphene. Static measurements probe the equilibrium carrier density and momentum scattering rate. Time-resolved (optical pump/THz probe) measurements probe the change in these quantities following photoexcitation. In a typical CVD graphene sample, we found that 0.5 ps following photoexcitation with 1 x 10(13) photons/cm(2) pulses at 800nm the effective hole scattering time decreased from 37 fs to 34.5 fs, while the carrier concentration increased from 2.0 x 10(12) cm(-2) to 2.04 x 10(12) cm(-2), leading to a transient decrease in the conductivity of the film. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Heyman, J. N.; Kune, R. F. Foo; Alebachew, B. A.; Nguyen, M. D.] Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Robinson, J. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heyman, JN (reprint author), Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. OI Heyman, James/0000-0003-1236-674X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1006065]; Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Yilikal Ayino in building the THz magnetospectroscopy system. This material was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1006065. Research at NRL was supported by Base Programs funded through the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 21 AR 214302 DI 10.1063/1.4903212 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AW0TU UT WOS:000346007400043 ER PT J AU Padin, DS Faix, D Brodine, S Lemus, H Hawksworth, A Putnam, S Blair, P AF Padin, Damaris S. Faix, Dennis Brodine, Stephanie Lemus, Hector Hawksworth, Anthony Putnam, Shannon Blair, Patrick TI Retrospective analysis of demographic and clinical factors associated with etiology of febrile respiratory illness among US military basic trainees SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Adenovirus; Influenza; Military trainees; Military medicine; Diagnosis ID ADENOVIRUS SEROTYPE 14; CASE-DEFINITION; NAVAL RECRUITS; LARGE EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; INFLUENZA; INFECTION; HEALTHY AB Background: Basic trainees in the US military have historically been vulnerable to respiratory infections. Adenovirus and influenza are the most common etiological agents responsible for febrile respiratory illness (FRI) among trainees and present with similar clinical signs and symptoms. Identifying demographic and clinical factors associated with the primary viral pathogens causing FRI epidemics among trainees will help improve differential diagnosis and allow for appropriate distribution of antiviral medications. The objective of this study was to determine what demographic and clinical factors are associated with influenza and adenovirus among military trainees. Methods: Specimens were systematically collected from military trainees meeting FRI case definition (fever >= 38.0 degrees C with either cough or sore throat; or provider-diagnosed pneumonia) at eight basic training centers in the USA. PCR and/or cell culture testing for respiratory pathogens were performed on specimens. Interviewer-administered questionnaires collected information on patient demographic and clinical factors. Polychotomous logistic regression was employed to assess the association between these factors and FRI outcome categories: laboratory-confirmed adenovirus, influenza, or other FRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated for individual predictors and clinical combinations of predictors. Results: Among 21,570 FRI cases sampled between 2004 and 2009, 63.6% were laboratory-confirmed adenovirus cases and 6.6% were laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. Subjects were predominantly young men (86.8% men; mean age 20.8 +/- 3.8 years) from Fort Jackson (18.8%), Great Lakes (17.1%), Fort Leonard Wood (16.3%), Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) San Diego (19.0%), Fort Benning (13.3%), Lackland (7.5%), MCRD Parris Island (8.7%), and Cape May (3.2%). The best multivariate predictors of adenovirus were the combination of sore throat (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.66-3.25), cough (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.11-2.57), and fever (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.90-2.26) with a PPV of 77% (p <= .05). A combination of cough, fever, training week 0-2 and acute onset were most predictive of influenza (PPV = 38%; p <= .05). Conclusions: Specific demographic and clinical factors were associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza and adenovirus among military trainees. Findings from this study can guide clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of military trainees presenting with FRI. C1 [Padin, Damaris S.; Faix, Dennis; Hawksworth, Anthony; Putnam, Shannon; Blair, Patrick] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Brodine, Stephanie; Lemus, Hector] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Padin, DS (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dspadin@gmail.com FU Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) [60501] FX This work was supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS) operations, under work unit number 60501. The funding organization was not involved in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, or manuscript writing. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.1999.0002). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD DEC 5 PY 2014 VL 14 AR 576 DI 10.1186/s12879-014-0576-2 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AY3JQ UT WOS:000347480500001 PM 25475044 ER PT J AU Gu, L Livenere, JE Zhu, G Tumkur, TU Hu, H Cortes, CL Jacob, Z Prokes, SM Noginov, MA AF Gu, Lei Livenere, J. E. Zhu, G. Tumkur, T. U. Hu, H. Cortes, C. L. Jacob, Z. Prokes, S. M. Noginov, M. A. TI Angular distribution of emission from hyperbolic metamaterials SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; OPTICAL HYPERLENS; FIELD; SUPERLENS; INDEX AB We have studied angular distribution of emission of dye molecules deposited on lamellar metal/dielectric and Si/Ag nanowire based metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion. In agreement with the theoretical prediction, the emission pattern of dye on top of lamellar metamaterial is similar to that on top of metal. At the same time, the effective medium model predicts the emission patterns of the nanowire array and the dye film deposited on glass to be nearly identical to each other. This is not the case of our experiment. We tentatively explain the nearly Lambertian (proportional to cos theta) angular distribution of emission of the nanowire based sample by a surface roughness. C1 [Gu, Lei; Livenere, J. E.; Zhu, G.; Tumkur, T. U.; Noginov, M. A.] Norfolk State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Hu, H.; Cortes, C. L.; Jacob, Z.] Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Prokes, S. M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Noginov, MA (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM mnoginov@nsu.edu RI Tumkur, Thejaswi/L-3635-2016 OI Tumkur, Thejaswi/0000-0001-6390-0362 FU NSF PREM grant [DMR 1205457]; NSF IGERT grant [DGE 0966188]; AFOSR grant [FA9550-09-1-0456] FX The authors acknowledge the support by the NSF PREM grant # DMR 1205457, NSF IGERT grant #DGE 0966188, and AFOSR grant # FA9550-09-1-0456. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 5 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7327 DI 10.1038/srep07327 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW4SC UT WOS:000346269800002 PM 25476126 ER PT J AU Cusick, KD Fitzgerald, LA Pirlo, RK Cockrell, AL Petersen, ER Biffinger, JC AF Cusick, Kathleen D. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Pirlo, Russell K. Cockrell, Allison L. Petersen, Emily R. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for Expression Studies with Quantitative PCR in the Model Fungus Neurospora crassa under Different Environmental Conditions in Continuous Culture SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TIME RT-PCR; HOUSEKEEPING GENES; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; ASCOMYCETE FUNGI; QUANTIFICATION; NORMALIZATION; RNA; VALIDATION AB Neurospora crassa has served as a model organism for studying circadian pathways and more recently has gained attention in the biofuel industry due to its enhanced capacity for cellulase production. However, in order to optimize N. crassa for biotechnological applications, metabolic pathways during growth under different environmental conditions must be addressed. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a technique that provides a high-throughput platform from which to measure the expression of a large set of genes over time. The selection of a suitable reference gene is critical for gene expression studies using relative quantification, as this strategy is based on normalization of target gene expression to a reference gene whose expression is stable under the experimental conditions. This study evaluated twelve candidate reference genes for use with N. crassa when grown in continuous culture bioreactors under different light and temperature conditions. Based on combined stability values from NormFinder and Best Keeper software packages, the following are the most appropriate reference genes under conditions of: (1) light/dark cycling: btl, asl, and vma1; (2) all-dark growth: btl, tbp, vma1, and vma2; (3) temperature flux: btl, vma1, act, and asl; (4) all conditions combined: vma1, vma2, tbp, and btl. Since N. crassa exists as different cell types (uni- or multi-nucleated), expression changes in a subset of the candidate genes was further assessed using absolute quantification. A strong negative correlation was found to exist between ratio and threshold cycle (C-T) values, demonstrating that C-T changes serve as a reliable reflection of transcript, and not gene copy number, fluctuations. The results of this study identified genes that are appropriate for use as reference genes in RT-qPCR studies with N. crassa and demonstrated that even with the presence of different cell types, relative quantification is an acceptable method for measuring gene expression changes during growth in bioreactors. C1 [Cusick, Kathleen D.; Cockrell, Allison L.] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associateship, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Pirlo, Russell K.; Petersen, Emily R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Cusick, KD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Associateship, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kathleen_cusick.ctr@code6100.nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Biochronicity program [MIPR HR001133889] FX This work was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Biochronicity program MIPR HR001133889. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 4 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e112706 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112706 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW6MB UT WOS:000346382500074 PM 25474155 ER PT J AU Smolyaninova, VN Yost, B Zander, K Osofsky, MS Kim, H Saha, S Greene, RL Smolyaninov, II AF Smolyaninova, Vera N. Yost, Bradley Zander, Kathryn Osofsky, M. S. Kim, Heungsoo Saha, Shanta Greene, R. L. Smolyaninov, Igor I. TI Experimental demonstration of superconducting critical temperature increase in electromagnetic metamaterials SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SIZE AB A recent proposal that the metamaterial approach to dielectric response engineering may increase the critical temperature of a composite superconductor-dielectric metamaterial has been tested in experiments with compressed mixtures of tin and barium titanate nanoparticles of varying composition. An increase of the critical temperature of the order of Delta T similar to 0.15 Kcompared to bulk tin has been observed for 40% volume fraction of barium titanate nanoparticles. Similar results were also obtained with compressed mixtures of tin and strontium titanate nanoparticles. C1 [Smolyaninova, Vera N.; Yost, Bradley; Zander, Kathryn] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Osofsky, M. S.; Kim, Heungsoo] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Saha, Shanta; Greene, R. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smolyaninov, Igor I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smolyaninova, VN (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM smoly@umd.edu FU NSF grant at Towson [DMR-1104676]; AFOSR grant at Maryland [FA9550-09-1-0603] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant DMR-1104676 at Towson and AFOSR grant FA9550-09-1-0603 at Maryland. We are grateful to S. Anlage for fruitful discussion, and to M. Monk for experimental help. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 4 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7321 DI 10.1038/srep07321 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW4RM UT WOS:000346268300001 PM 25471303 ER PT J AU Helton, JS Pajerowski, DM Qiu, YM Zhao, Y Shulyatev, DA Mukovskii, YM Bychkov, GL Barilo, SN Lynn, JW AF Helton, Joel S. Pajerowski, Daniel M. Qiu, Yiming Zhao, Yang Shulyatev, Dmitry A. Mukovskii, Yakov M. Bychkov, Georgii L. Barilo, Sergei N. Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Polaron-mediated spin correlations in metallic and insulating La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDE LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; FERROMAGNETIC MANGANITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA1-XCAXMNO3; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB Neutron spectroscopy measurements reveal short-range spin correlations near and above the ferromagneticparamagnetic phase transition in manganite materials of the form La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3), including samples with an insulating ground state as well as colossal magnetoresistive samples with a metallic ground state. Quasielastic magnetic scattering is revealed that forms clear ridges running along the [100]-type directions in momentum space. A simple model consisting of a conduction electron hopping between spin-polarized Mn ions that becomes self-trapped after a few hops captures the essential physics of this magnetic component of the scattering. We associate this scattering component with the magnetic part of diffuse polarons, as we observe a temperature dependence similar to that of the diffuse structural scattering arising from individual polarons. C1 [Helton, Joel S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Helton, Joel S.; Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Qiu, Yiming; Zhao, Yang; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shulyatev, Dmitry A.; Mukovskii, Yakov M.] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISiS, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Bychkov, Georgii L.; Barilo, Sergei N.] Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Helton, JS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM helton@usna.edu; jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [DMR-0944772]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council [N001614WX30023]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [3.2076.2014/K] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (USA) under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. J.S.H acknowledges partial support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council, Award No. N001614WX30023. D.A.S. acknowledges in part the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Project No. 3.2076.2014/K, designated within the framework of 2014-2016 competitive grants for universities. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 21 AR 214411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.214411 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CA9RE UT WOS:000349261700002 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Shrestha, IK Esaulov, AA Safronova, AS Shlyaptseva, VV Osborne, GC Astanovitsky, AL Weller, ME Stafford, A Schultz, KA Cooper, MC Cuneo, ME Jones, B Vesey, RA AF Kantsyrev, V. L. Chuvatin, A. S. Rudakov, L. I. Velikovich, A. L. Shrestha, I. K. Esaulov, A. A. Safronova, A. S. Shlyaptseva, V. V. Osborne, G. C. Astanovitsky, A. L. Weller, M. E. Stafford, A. Schultz, K. A. Cooper, M. C. Cuneo, M. E. Jones, B. Vesey, R. A. TI Compact hohlraum configuration with parallel planar-wire-array x-ray sources at the 1.7-MA Zebra generator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB A compact Z-pinch x-ray hohlraum design with parallel-driven x-ray sources is experimentally demonstrated in a configuration with a central target and tailored shine shields at a 1.7-MA Zebra generator. Driving in parallel two magnetically decoupled compact double-planar-wire Z pinches has demonstrated the generation of synchronized x-ray bursts that correlated well in time with x-ray emission from a central reemission target. Good agreement between simulated and measured hohlraum radiation temperature of the central target is shown. The advantages of compact hohlraum design applications for multi-MA facilities are discussed. C1 [Kantsyrev, V. L.; Shrestha, I. K.; Esaulov, A. A.; Safronova, A. S.; Shlyaptseva, V. V.; Osborne, G. C.; Astanovitsky, A. L.; Weller, M. E.; Stafford, A.; Schultz, K. A.; Cooper, M. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytech, Plasma Phys Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Rudakov, L. I.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cuneo, M. E.; Jones, B.; Vesey, R. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU DOE/NNSA [DE-NA0001984, DE-FC52-06NA27586]; DOE/SNL [681371]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; [DE-NA0002075] FX This work was supported by the DOE/NNSA under Cooperative Agreements No. DE-NA0001984 and No. DE-FC52-06NA27586, and in part by Agreement No. DE-NA0002075 and a DOE/SNL Grant No. 681371. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 063101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.063101 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AU9PX UT WOS:000345928200007 PM 25615200 ER PT J AU McNab, RM Angelis, DI AF McNab, Robert M. Angelis, Diana I. TI Does computer-based training impact maintenance costs and actions? An empirical analysis of the US Navy's AN/SQQ-89(v) sonar system SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE computer-based training; costs; system GMM; US Navy; maintenance ID COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY; ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; METAANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; STUDENTS; TIME AB The United States Navy decided in the early 2000s to replace traditional, instructor-led schoolhouse training with computer-based training (CBT). While employing CBT may produce gains in knowledge acquisition and lower costs for repetitive, low-skill work, there is a lack of empirical evidence whether these benefits exist for more highly skilled Navy operations. Anecdotal evidence suggests that CBT failed to sufficiently prepare new sailors for sophisticated systems' maintenance and operation. To determine the validity of this evidence, we examine how CBT has affected the AN/SQQ-89(v) sonar. We empirically analyse whether the Navy's introduction of CBT significantly altered fleet maintenance costs, actions and training requirements, by assembling a unique data set of ships, locations, personnel, maintenance costs and maintenance actions. Controlling for the Navy's plan to man the system, the number of authorized billets and the number of personnel on board, we find that CBT adversely impacts costs, actions and maintenance hours for the sonar system. C1 [McNab, Robert M.; Angelis, Diana I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP McNab, RM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM rmmcnab@nps.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 445 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 EI 1466-4283 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 46 IS 34 BP 4256 EP 4266 DI 10.1080/00036846.2014.955254 PG 11 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AQ1RW UT WOS:000342559700010 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, CA Trafalis, TB Barker, K AF MacKenzie, Cameron A. Trafalis, Theodore B. Barker, Kash TI A Bayesian Beta Kernel Model for Binary Classification and Online Learning Problems SO STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DATA MINING LA English DT Article DE data mining; kernel; Bayesian; beta distribution; online learning ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; CLASSIFIERS; ALGORITHMS AB Recent advances in data mining have integrated kernel functions with Bayesian probabilistic analysis of Gaussian distributions. These machine-learning approaches can incorporate prior information with new data to calculate probabilistic rather than deterministic values for unknown parameters. This article extensively analyzes a specific Bayesian kernel model that uses a kernel function to calculate a posterior beta distribution that is conjugate to the prior beta distribution. Numerical testing of the beta kernel model on several benchmark datasets reveals that this model's accuracy is comparable with those of the support vector machine (SVM), relevance vector machine, naive Bayes, and logistic regression, and the model runs more quickly than all the other algorithms except for logistic regression. When one class occurs much more frequently than the other class, the beta kernel model often outperforms other strategies to handle imbalanced datasets, including under-sampling, over-sampling, and the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique. If data arrive sequentially over time, the beta kernel model easily and quickly updates the probability distribution, and this model is more accurate than an incremental SVM algorithm for online learning. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [MacKenzie, Cameron A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Trafalis, Theodore B.; Barker, Kash] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP MacKenzie, CA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM camacken@nps.edu OI Trafalis, Theodore/0000-0001-6740-6337; Barker, Kash/0000-0002-0142-1558 NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-1864 EI 1932-1872 J9 STAT ANAL DATA MIN JI Stat. Anal. Data Min. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 434 EP 449 DI 10.1002/sam.11241 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA CV3UX UT WOS:000364193000007 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Christodoulides, JA Delehanty, JB Long, JP Byers, JM AF Raphael, M. P. Christodoulides, J. A. Delehanty, J. B. Long, J. P. Byers, J. M. TI Quantitative Real Time Imaging of Protein Secretions from Single Cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ASCB/IFCB Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol, Int Federat Cell Biol C1 [Raphael, M. P.; Christodoulides, J. A.; Delehanty, J. B.; Long, J. P.; Byers, J. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2014 VL 25 MA P614 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CE8LP UT WOS:000352094101242 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Yager, RR AF Petry, Frederick E. Yager, Ronald R. TI Principles for organization of creative groups SO JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Group creativity; Diversity; Generalization ID DECISION-MAKING; DIVERSITY CRITERION; HIERARCHIES; WORDS; LOGIC AB In this paper we first propose an outline for an overall organization of the group creative process. In particular two major components of the process are considered in detail. For group selection, diversity measures including those based on information theory and a species diversity measure are discussed and examples provided. The idea of a diversity space is also introduced to obtain some intuition on the issues relative to population diversity. The actual creative idea generation process is then considered with respect to the social interactions inside the selected creative group. Approaches to modeling the ways in which linguistic persuasion can occur are described. Finally approaches to the generalization of the ideas that evolved using concept hierarchies are presented. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Hancock, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Yager, RR (reprint author), Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. EM yager@panix.com FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N]; ONR Grant [N000141010121] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N and ONR Grant Award No. N000141010121 for sponsoring this research. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1868-5137 EI 1868-5145 J9 J AMB INTEL HUM COMP JI J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1007/s12652-013-0213-8 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA CD7AH UT WOS:000351242100002 ER PT J AU Elmore, P Petry, F Yager, R AF Elmore, Paul Petry, Fred Yager, Ronald TI Comparative measures of aggregated uncertainty representations SO JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Information theory; Decision making; Possibility theory; Shannon entropy; Gini index; Renyi entropy; Possibilistic conditioning; Consistency measures ID INFORMATION; ENTROPY AB Uncertainty must be taken into account in all aspects of ambient intelligence and human decisions and activities. We investigate how to utilize both probabilistic and possibilistic sources of information for use in humanized decision-making. In particular we examine aspects of the possibilistic conditioning of probability developed by Yager. To provide bounding of the resulting probability analysis of the cases of completely certain and uncertain probability and possibility distribution are carried out. Additionally the cases of intermediate uncertainty and a general case of possibilities are analyzed. The Zadeh consistency measure is also used to assess these cases. To consider whether the conditioned probability is more informative for decision-making, three measures, Shannon entropy, Gini index and Renyi entropy are used to compare the original probability distributions and the conditioned distribution for the cases described. C1 [Elmore, Paul; Petry, Fred] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Petry, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435 N]; ARO MURI grant [W911NF-09-1-0392] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435 N for sponsoring this research. Ronald Yager has been in part supported by ARO MURI grant Number W911NF-09-1-0392. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1868-5137 EI 1868-5145 J9 J AMB INTEL HUM COMP JI J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 BP 809 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s12652-014-0228-9 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA CD7AH UT WOS:000351242100004 ER PT J AU Chen, YT Lin, CH Chen, CH Liu, JY Huba, JD Chang, LC Liu, HL Lin, JT Rajesh, PK AF Chen, Yu-Tsung Lin, C. H. Chen, C. H. Liu, J. Y. Huba, J. D. Chang, L. C. Liu, H. -L. Lin, J. T. Rajesh, P. K. TI Theoretical study of the ionospheric plasma cave in the equatorial ionization anomaly region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; MODEL; DENSITY; TIDES; LAYER AB This paper investigates the physical mechanism of an unusual equatorial electron density structure, plasma cave, located underneath the equatorial ionization anomaly by using theoretical simulations. The simulation results provide important new understanding of the dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. It has been suggested previously that unusual (E) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow drifts might be responsible for the observed plasma cave structure, but model simulations in this paper suggest that the more likely cause is latitudinal meridional neutral wind variations. The neutral winds are featured by two divergent wind regions at off-equator latitudes and a convergent wind region around the magnetic equator, resulting in plasma divergences and convergence, respectively, to form the plasma caves structure. The tidal-decomposition analysis further suggests that the cave related meridional neutral winds and the intensity of plasma cave are highly associated with the migrating terdiurnal tidal component of the neutral winds. C1 [Chen, Yu-Tsung; Lin, C. H.; Chen, C. H.; Lin, J. T.; Rajesh, P. K.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.; Chang, L. C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM koichi@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Chang, Loren/G-3722-2015; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MST); National Space Organization of Taiwan [MOST-103-2111-M-006-003-MY3, NSC-102-2119-M-006-007, NSC-103-2111M-006-001-MY2, NSPO-S-102066, NSPO-S-102132]; MST grant [NSC-101-2111-M-008-021-MY2] FX This research was partially supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) and National Space Organization of Taiwan to National Cheng Kung University under MOST-103-2111-M-006-003-MY3, NSC-102-2119-M-006-007, NSC-103-2111M-006-001-MY2, NSPO-S-102066, and NSPO-S-102132. L.C.C. was supported by MSTgrant NSC-101-2111-M-008-021-MY2. The authors thank I.-T. Lee for his discussion and helpful comments. The authors are grateful to the two reviewers for their comprehensive and kind suggestions. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 DI 10.1002/2014JA020235 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA8IG UT WOS:000349161100068 ER PT J AU Clarke, TE Higgins, CA Skarda, J Imai, K Imai, M Reyes, F Thieman, J Jaeger, T Schmitt, H Dalal, NP Dowell, J Ellingson, SW Hicks, B Schinzel, F Taylor, GB AF Clarke, T. E. Higgins, C. A. Skarda, Jinhie Imai, Kazumasa Imai, Masafumi Reyes, Francisco Thieman, Jim Jaeger, Ted Schmitt, Henrique Dalal, Nagini Paravastu Dowell, Jayce Ellingson, S. W. Hicks, Brian Schinzel, Frank Taylor, G. B. TI Probing Jovian decametric emission with the long wavelength array station 1 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE POLARIZATION STATE; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON MASER; IO-JUPITER INTERACTION; RADIO EMISSIONS; DYNAMIC SPECTRA; S-BURSTS; KILOMETRIC RADIATION; MILLISECOND BURSTS; MODULATION LANES; ARCS AB New observations of Jupiter's decametric radio emissions have been made with the Long Wavelength Array Station 1 (LWA1), which is capable of making high-quality observations as low as 11 MHz. Full Stokes parameters were determined for bandwidths of 16 MHz. Here we present the first LWA1 results for the study of six Io-related events at temporal resolutions as fine as 0.25 ms. LWA1 data show excellent spectral detail in Jovian DAM such as simultaneous left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized Io-related arcs and source envelopes, modulation lane features, S-burst structures, narrow band N events, and interactions between S bursts and N events. The sensitivity of the LWA1 combined with the low-radio-frequency interference environment allow us to trace the start of the LHC Io-C source region to much earlier CML III than typically found in the literature. We find that the Io-C starts as early as CML III = 230 degrees at frequencies near 11 MHz. This early start of the Io-C emission may be valuable for refining models of the emission mechanism. We also detect modulation lane structures that appear continuous across LHC and RHC emissions, suggesting that both polarizations may originate from the same hemisphere of Jupiter. We present a study of rare S bursts detected during an Io-D event and show that drift rates are consistent with those from other Io-related sources. Finally, S-N burst events are seen in high spectral and temporal resolution and our data strongly support the cospatial origins of these events. C1 [Clarke, T. E.; Schmitt, Henrique; Hicks, Brian] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Higgins, C. A.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. [Skarda, Jinhie] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Imai, Kazumasa] Kochi Natl Coll Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci, Kochi, Japan. [Imai, Masafumi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto, Japan. [Reyes, Francisco] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Thieman, Jim] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jaeger, Ted] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dalal, Nagini Paravastu] Naval Res Lab, ASEEE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dowell, Jayce; Schinzel, Frank; Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ellingson, S. W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Clarke, TE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tracy.clarke.ca@nrl.navy.mil RI Imai, Masafumi/S-8736-2016 OI Imai, Masafumi/0000-0002-2814-4036 FU 6.1 Base funding; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation of the University Radio Observatories program [AST-1139963, AST-1139974]; Tennessee Space Grant Consortium; JSPS KAK-ENHI [25400480]; Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) at the Naval Research Laboratory; NSF [AST-1212162] FX We thank the referees for a careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. We also wish to thank the staff of the Long Wavelength Array. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. Construction of LWA1 was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatories program. C.A.H. acknowledges support from the Tennessee Space Grant Consortium. This research has been supported in part by JSPS KAK-ENHI grant 25400480. J.S. (a student at Montgomery Blair High School) was supported by the Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) at the Naval Research Laboratory. G.B.T. acknowledges partial support for this work from NSF grant AST-1212162. Data used for this publication are available through request to the authors. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 DI 10.1002/2014JA020289 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA8IG UT WOS:000349161100015 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S McWhorter, SK AF Booth-Kewley, Stephanie McWhorter, Stephanie K. TI Highly Realistic, Immersive Training for Navy Corpsmen: Preliminary Results SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Highly realistic, immersive training has been developed for Navy corpsmen based on the success of the Infantry Immersion Trainer. This new training is built around scenarios that are designed to depict real-life, operational situations. Each scenario used in the training includes sights, sounds, smells, and distractions to simulate realistic and challenging combat situations. The primary objective of this study was to assess corpsmen participants' satisfaction with highly realistic training. The study sample consisted of 434 male Navy service members attending Field Medical Training Battalion-West, Camp Pendleton, California. Corpsmen participants completed surveys after receiving the training. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the training overall and with several specific elements of the training. The element of the training that the corpsmen rated the highest was the use of live actors. The vast majority of the participants reported that the training had increased their overall confidence about being successful corpsmen and had strengthened their confidence in their ability to provide care under pressure. Additional research should extend highly realistic training to other military medical provider populations. C1 [Booth-Kewley, Stephanie; McWhorter, Stephanie K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU U.S. Navy Medicine Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), Washington, DC [61113] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Karl Van Orden, Isabel Altarejos, Renee Dell'Acqua, Robyn Highfill-McRoy, Emily Schmied, and the leadership and staff of the Field Medical Training Battalion-West, Camp Pendleton, for assistance with the study. This research was supported by the U.S. Navy Medicine Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), Washington, DC, under Work Unit No. 61113. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 179 IS 12 BP 1439 EP 1443 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00198 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MB UT WOS:000349100300006 PM 25469964 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Post, JE Byrne, KS Butler, JE AF Gaillou, Eloise Post, Jeffrey E. Byrne, Keal S. Butler, James E. TI STUDY OF THE BLUE MOON DIAMOND SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TREATMENT; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHOSPHORESCENCE; HOPE AB The Blue Moon diamond, discovered in January 2014 at the historic Cullinan mine in South Africa, is of significance from both trade and scientific perspectives. The 29.62 ct rough yielded a 12.03 ct Fancy Vivid blue, Internally Flawless gem. The authors were provided the opportunity to study this rare diamond at the Smithsonian Institution before it went on exhibit at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the amount of uncompensated boron in the diamond was 0.26 +/- 0.04 ppm, consistent with measurements of several large type IIb blue diamonds previously studied. After exposure to short-wave ultraviolet light, the Blue Moon displayed orange-red phosphorescence that remained visible for up to 20 seconds. This observation was surprising, as orange-red phosphorescence is typically associated with diamonds of Indian origin, such as the Hope and the Wittelsbach-Graff. Time-resolved phosphorescence spectra exhibited peaks at 660 and 500 nm, typical for natural type II blue diamonds. As with most natural diamonds, the Blue Moon showed strain-induced birefringence. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise] MINES ParisTech, Sch Mines, Paris, France. [Gaillou, Eloise] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gaillou, Eloise] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Post, Jeffrey E.] Natl Gem & Mineral Collect, Washington, DC USA. [Byrne, Keal S.; Butler, James E.] Smithsonians Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), MINES ParisTech, Sch Mines, Paris, France. EM eloise.gaillou@gmail.com RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.5741/GEMS.50.4.280 PG 7 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA CA0RF UT WOS:000348623600004 ER PT J AU Barrett, BS Swick, WA Smith, DE AF Barrett, Bradford S. Swick, William A. Smith, Dwight E., Jr. TI Assessing an Undergraduate Oceanography Curriculum SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID METEOROLOGY; EDUCATION; WEATHER C1 [Barrett, Bradford S.; Swick, William A.; Smith, Dwight E., Jr.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.99 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000004 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The Whole Professional SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Cebrowski Inst Informat innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Cebrowski Inst Informat innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD DEC PY 2014 VL 57 IS 12 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1145/2676859 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AZ6AZ UT WOS:000348301800019 ER PT J AU Armey, LE Lipow, J Webb, NJ AF Armey, Laura E. Lipow, Jonathan Webb, Natalie J. TI The impact of electronic financial payments on crime SO INFORMATION ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE Electronic financial transactions; Crime; Cashless economy ID VIOLENT CRIME; PANEL-DATA; INEQUALITY AB In this paper, we test the hypothesis that access to electronic payments may reduce crime. Our results suggest that there is a negative and significant statistical relationship between access to electronic payments and the incidence of economic crimes such as robbery and burglary, while electronic transactions do little to reduce the incidence of non-economic crimes such as homicide and rape. This paper provides evidence that policies and technologies that enable the proliferation of cashless transactions have the desired impact of deterring crime. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Armey, Laura E.; Lipow, Jonathan; Webb, Natalie J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Armey, LE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM larmey@nps.edu; jlipow@nps.edu; njwebb@nps.edu OI Armey, Laura/0000-0001-5260-5720 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6245 EI 1873-5975 J9 INF ECON POLICY JI Inf. Econ. Policy PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2014.10.002 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AY5GN UT WOS:000347601000004 ER PT J AU Melzer, JM Baldassari, CM AF Melzer, Jonathan M. Baldassari, Cristina M. TI Hypoharyngeal injury in an infant from non-accidental trauma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Non-accidental trauma; Trauma; Hypopharyngeal injury; Oropharyngeal injury; Child abuse; Oropharyngeal laceration AB Non-accidental trauma is a sad but commonly described mechanism of injury in the pediatric literature. However, the otolaryngologist infrequently encounters the initial presentation of non-accidental trauma despite the fact that a significant percentage of injuries take place in the head and neck. This case report seeks to discuss otolaryngologic presentations of non-accidental trauma in the pediatric population as well as to discuss management strategies. The case of a 3 month old female with a hypopharyngeal injury and esophageal perforation is presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Melzer, Jonathan M.] Naval Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Baldassari, Cristina M.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Baldassari, Cristina M.] Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Melzer, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jmelzer215@gmail.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 EI 1872-8464 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2312 EP 2313 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.09.014 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA AY6FY UT WOS:000347663800055 PM 25305065 ER PT J AU Williams, RG AF Williams, Reginald G. TI The Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program (NREIP) provides a practical means for undergraduate and graduate students to have hands on research opportunities at a naval laboratory under the guidance of a mentor. The hands-on opportunity is one of the most basic resources to influence the initial and lifetime career decisions of these future scientist and engineers. Our goal is that STEM graduates can look back and point to NREIP as one of the major key factors in their career choice. The Navy also wants to continually increase the number of underrepresented groups who participate in NREIP by reaching out and encouraging students to apply from Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Serving Institutes (HBCU/MSI). C1 Off Naval Res, NREIP Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Williams, RG (reprint author), Off Naval Res, NREIP Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Duello, Theresa/P-5752-2015 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AY7JC UT WOS:000347735700008 ER PT J AU Cooper, K Edwards, D AF Cooper, Kelly Edwards, David TI CINT: Centers for Innovation in Naval Technology SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Cooper, Kelly] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Edwards, David] Strateg Anal Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Cooper, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AY7JC UT WOS:000347735700011 ER PT J AU Cummings, MA AF Cummings, Mary Ann TI Swappable Experimental Frames and Simulators For System of Systems Modeling and Simulations (Work In Progress) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Today, many military weapon capabilities are achieved through a System of Systems (SoS) approach. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) is an affordable validation alternative to operationally testing all functionality and interfaces in a complex weapon SoS. This paper describes research in developing a mechanism for producing a simulator and experimental frame (also known as the simulation objectives) that can be reused such that only one simulator to drive all the models of an SoS simulation and one experimental frame that allows user inputs to modify parameters to test many objectives is needed. Using the definition of "swappable" to mean the ability to exchange one item for another, this mechanism also produces swappable simulators and experimental frames that allow the models not to change when the simulator and/or the objectives of the experiment change. In addition, a metrics collector is added to allow for the specification and collection of SoS metrics that can be used to identify emergent behavior among the interactions of the models. These elements provide reusable experimental frames and simulation drivers to be used with any models tied together in a simulation. A framework that accepts these simulators and experimental frames can be used for any simulation. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cummings, MA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AY7JC UT WOS:000347735700016 ER PT J AU Golda, EM AF Golda, E. Michael TI Women in Engineering - Enabling the First Electronic Computer SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Ship Syst Engn Stn, Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Machinery Res & Engn Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Golda, EM (reprint author), Naval Ship Syst Engn Stn, Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Machinery Res & Engn Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 126 IS 4 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AY7JC UT WOS:000347735700029 ER PT J AU Santiago, F Bagwell, BE Pinon, V Krishna, S AF Santiago, Freddie Bagwell, Brett E. Pinon, Victor, III Krishna, Sanjay TI Adaptive polymer lens for rapid zoom shortwave infrared imaging applications SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polymer lens; zoom; tunable; optics; photonics AB This work demonstrates the use of adaptive polymer lenses (APLs) for short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) applications. First, we present a push-button adaptive optical zoom system for variable magnification with a SWIR focal plane array. We then present a push-button, variable divergence, SWIR laser system for pointing and illumination. Last, we outline a system that combines the two: an SWIR adaptive zoom coupled with an APL-enhanced designator/illuminator. The result would allow a user to toggle between different fields of view (magnification), while optimizing illumination (beam divergence) for each field of view. This could be critical for situational awareness and target identification/designation in tactical applications. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Santiago, Freddie] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bagwell, Brett E.; Pinon, Victor, III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Krishna, Sanjay] UNM Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Santiago, F (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM freddie.santiago@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX SNL will like to acknowledge UTC Aerospace Systems, Sensors Unlimited, for their technical support on this effort, and Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate for funding this research. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND Number: 2014-4801 J. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 53 IS 12 AR 125101 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.12.125101 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AY7EX UT WOS:000347725200060 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, CA AF MacKenzie, Cameron A. TI Summarizing Risk Using Risk Measures and Risk Indices SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Risk communication; risk index; risk measure; transportation ID ACCEPTABLE RISK; VULNERABILITY; FOUNDATIONS; AVIATION; SAFETY; MODEL AB Our society is fascinated with risk in many different areas and disciplines. One of the main ways to describe and communicate the level of risk is through risk indices, which summarize risk using numbers or categories such as words, letters, or colors. These indices are used to communicate risks to the public, understand how risk is changing over time, compare among different risks, and support decision making. Given the different methods to construct risk indices, including flawed methods such as risk matrices, this article develops specific steps that analysts can follow to create a risk index. This article emphasizes the importance of describing risk with a probability distribution, developing a numerical risk measure that summarizes the probability distribution, and finally translating the risk measure to an index. Measuring the risk is the most difficult part and requires the analyst to summarize a probability distribution into one or possibly a few numbers. The risk measure can then be transformed to a numerical or categorical index. I apply the method outlined in this article to construct a risk index that compares the risk of fatalities in aviation and highway transportation. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP MacKenzie, CA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM camacken@nps.edu NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2143 EP 2162 DI 10.1111/risa.12220 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA AZ6DY UT WOS:000348309900007 PM 24916468 ER PT J AU Phelps, C Gong, Q Royset, JO Walton, C Kaminer, I AF Phelps, Chris Gong, Qi Royset, Johannes O. Walton, Claire Kaminer, Isaac TI Consistent approximation of a nonlinear optimal control problem with uncertain parameters SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Optimal control; Computational methods; Optimization; Nonlinear system; Search theory ID OPTIMAL SEARCH; MOVING TARGET; OPTIMIZATION; MOTION; CONVERGENCE; PROBABILITY; THEOREM AB This paper focuses on a non-standard constrained nonlinear optimal control problem in which the objective functional involves an integration over a space of stochastic parameters as well as an integration over the time domain. The research is inspired by the problem of optimizing the trajectories of multiple searchers attempting to detect non-evading moving targets. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the approximation of the integral in the parameter space for the considered uncertain optimal control problem. The framework is proved to produce a zeroth-order consistent approximation in the sense that accumulation points of a sequence of optimal solutions to the approximate problem are optimal solutions of the original problem. In addition, we demonstrate the convergence of the corresponding adjoint variables. The accumulation points of a sequence of optimal state-adjoint pairs for the approximate problem satisfy a necessary condition of Pontryagin Minimum Principle type, which facilitates assessment of the optimality of numerical solutions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phelps, Chris; Gong, Qi; Walton, Claire] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Kaminer, Isaac] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Phelps, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cdphelps@soe.ucsc.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu; joroyset@nps.edu; cwalton@soe.ucsc.edu; kaminer@nps.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N0001412WX21229] FX This work is supported by US Office of Naval Research under Grant N0001412WX21229. The material in this paper was partially presented at the 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 10-13, 2012, Maui, Hawaii, USA. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Michael V. Basin under the direction of Editor Ian R. Petersen. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 EI 1873-2836 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2987 EP 2997 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.10.025 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AY7SW UT WOS:000347760100003 ER PT J AU Pearman, DW Herbers, THC Janssen, TT van Ettinger, HD McIntyre, SA Jessen, PF AF Pearman, D. W. Herbers, T. H. C. Janssen, T. T. van Ettinger, H. D. McIntyre, S. A. Jessen, P. F. TI Drifter observations of the effects of shoals and tidal-currents on wave evolution in San Francisco Bight SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Drifting buoy; Wave-current interaction; Tidal inlet; GPS-accelerometer buoy; Non-stationary time series; Inhomogeneous wave field ID SHALLOW-WATER; BUOY; DISSIPATION; SPECTRUM; DEEP AB Detailed observations of wave evolution and wave-current interaction in tidal inlets and river mouths are practically non-existent. This is in part due to the practical difficulty of installing and maintaining fixed instruments in this harsh environment with large waves, strong currents, dynamic seabed morphology, and often busy ship traffic, but also due to the fact that it is difficult to resolve the spatial variability and evolution of the wave and current field from an array of point measurements. This work explores the use of newly developed small, free-drifting buoys to collect wave and current measurements in a coastal inlet. The instruments, referred to as wave-resolving drifters (or WRD), are small and lightweight enough so that they can be deployed and retrieved from small vessels, and relatively inexpensive so that large numbers can be used. The surface-following drifters resolve the three-dimensional wave orbital motion and surface current field by combining GPS and accelerometer measurements. We validate the WRD platform and its sensor package in open ocean conditions in Monterey Bay by comparing the WRD observations to observations made by a collocated 40 cm-diameter Datawell Waverider buoy. To study wave evolution in the San Francisco Bight, 30 WRDs are deployed near the San Francisco Bay entrance (Golden Gate) during peak ebb tide so that the drifters flow out of the bay, and into the incident wave field. Wave statistics are estimated through local ensemble averaging of drifter observations, and ensemble-averaged wave spectra are used to capture the wave evolution through the inlet area. Comparisons with numerical simulations of the simulating waves near shore (SWAN) model help identify the various processes acting on different frequency ranges of the wave field, and ray diagrams show the distinct effects of refraction by variable depth on the lower-frequency swells and refraction by currents on the higher-frequency wind waves. This combined analysis demonstrates the potential of using relatively inexpensive surface-following drifters to investigate surface dynamics in a complicated and energetic coastal inlet. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pearman, D. W.; Herbers, T. H. C.; McIntyre, S. A.; Jessen, P. F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Herbers, T. H. C.; Janssen, T. T.; van Ettinger, H. D.] Theiss Res, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. RP Pearman, DW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dwpearma@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research (Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program and Physical Oceanography Program) FX This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research (Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program and Physical Oceanography Program). The captains and crews of the RN POINT SUR and the RN QUESTUARY provided excellent support and demonstrated amazing levels of flexibility in the field experiments. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 91 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2014.08.011 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AY5HR UT WOS:000347603900009 ER PT J AU McCarrick, H Flanigan, D Jones, G Johnson, BR Ade, P Araujo, D Bradford, K Cantor, R Che, G Day, P Doyle, S Leduc, H Limon, M Luu, V Mauskopf, P Miller, A Mroczkowski, T Tucker, C Zmuidzinas, J AF McCarrick, H. Flanigan, D. Jones, G. Johnson, B. R. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Bradford, K. Cantor, R. Che, G. Day, P. Doyle, S. Leduc, H. Limon, M. Luu, V. Mauskopf, P. Miller, A. Mroczkowski, T. Tucker, C. Zmuidzinas, J. TI Horn-coupled, commercially-fabricated aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter wavelengths SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NOISE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; SYSTEM AB We discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of prototype horn-coupled, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) designed for cosmic microwave background studies. The LEKIDs are made from a thin aluminum film deposited on a silicon wafer and patterned using standard photolithographic techniques at STAR Cryoelectronics, a commercial device foundry. We fabricated 20-element arrays, optimized for a spectral band centered on 150 GHz, to test the sensitivity and yield of the devices as well as the multiplexing scheme. We characterized the detectors in two configurations. First, the detectors were tested in a dark environment with the horn apertures covered, and second, the horn apertures were pointed towards a beam-filling cryogenic blackbody load. These tests show that the multiplexing scheme is robust and scalable, the yield across multiple LEKID arrays is 91%, and the measured noise-equivalent temperatures for a 4 K optical load are in the range 26 +/- 6 mu K root s. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [McCarrick, H.; Flanigan, D.; Jones, G.; Johnson, B. R.; Araujo, D.; Limon, M.; Luu, V.; Miller, A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ade, P.; Doyle, S.; Mauskopf, P.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Bradford, K.; Che, G.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cantor, R.] STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Day, P.; Leduc, H.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mauskopf, P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP McCarrick, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM hlm2124@columbia.edu OI Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 FU Research Initiatives for Science and Engineering (RISE) program at Columbia University; internal Columbia University funding FX This LEKID research is supported by a grant from the Research Initiatives for Science and Engineering (RISE) program at Columbia University to B.R.J., and by internal Columbia University funding to A.M. Matthew Underhill at the Micromachining Laboratory at Arizona State University machined the aluminum module with horns used for the measurements reported here. We thank the Xilinx University Program for their generous donation of FPGA hardware and software tools used in the readout system. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 85 IS 12 AR 123117 DI 10.1063/1.4903855 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AX8OL UT WOS:000347168500019 PM 25554282 ER PT J AU Barnard, L Scott, C Owens, M Lockwood, M Tucker-Hood, K Thomas, S Crothers, S Davies, JA Harrison, R Lintott, C Simpson, R O'Donnell, J Smith, AM Waterson, N Bamford, S Romeo, F Kukula, M Owens, B Savani, N Wilkinson, J Baeten, E Poeffel, L Harder, B AF Barnard, L. Scott, C. Owens, M. Lockwood, M. Tucker-Hood, K. Thomas, S. Crothers, S. Davies, J. A. Harrison, R. Lintott, C. Simpson, R. O'Donnell, J. Smith, A. M. Waterson, N. Bamford, S. Romeo, F. Kukula, M. Owens, B. Savani, N. Wilkinson, J. Baeten, E. Poeffel, L. Harder, B. TI The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue: Results from the first space weather citizen science project SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CMEs; citizen science; STEREO ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; 1 AU; TRACKING; SUN; IMAGES; LASCO; EARTH; WIND AB Solar Stormwatch was the first space weather citizen science project, the aim of which is to identify and track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Heliospheric Imagers aboard the STEREO satellites. The project has now been running for approximately 4 years, with input from >16,000 citizen scientists, resulting in a data set of >38,000time-elongation profiles of CME trajectories, observed over 18 preselected position angles. We present our method for reducing this data set into a CME catalogue. The resulting catalogue consists of 144 CMEs over the period January 2007 to February 2010, of which 110 were observed by STEREO-A and 77 were observed by STEREO-B. For each CME, the time-elongation profiles generated by the citizen scientists are averaged into a consensus profile along each position angle that the event was tracked. We consider this catalogue to be unique, being at present the only citizen science-generated CME catalogue, tracking CMEs over an elongation range of 4 degrees out to a maximum of approximately 70 degrees. Using single spacecraft fitting techniques, we estimate the speed, direction, solar source region, and latitudinal width of each CME. This shows that at present, the Solar Stormwatch catalogue (which covers only solar minimum years) contains almost exclusively slow CMEs, with a mean speed of approximately 350 km s(-1). The full catalogue is available for public access at . This includes, for each event, the unprocessed time-elongation profiles generated by Solar Stormwatch, the consensus time-elongation profiles, and a set of summary plots, as well as the estimated CME properties. C1 [Barnard, L.; Scott, C.; Owens, M.; Lockwood, M.; Tucker-Hood, K.; Thomas, S.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Crothers, S.; Davies, J. A.; Harrison, R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Chilton, England. [Lintott, C.; Simpson, R.; O'Donnell, J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Smith, A. M.] GitHub Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Waterson, N.] Natl Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England. [Bamford, S.] Univ Nottingham, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notts, England. [Romeo, F.; Kukula, M.; Owens, B.] Royal Museums Greenwich, Royal Greenwich Observ, London, England. [Savani, N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Wilkinson, J.; Baeten, E.; Poeffel, L.; Harder, B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Zooniverse, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Barnard, L (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM l.a.barnard@reading.ac.uk RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; Barnard, Luke/L-2930-2015; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; Bamford, Steven/E-8702-2010; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Barnard, Luke/0000-0001-9876-4612; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Bamford, Steven/0000-0001-7821-7195; O'Donnell, James/0000-0002-4610-2526; Thomas, Simon/0000-0001-6762-8247; Smith, Arfon/0000-0002-3957-2474 FU UK's Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) [NE/J024678/1] FX The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue and the raw Solar Stormwatch data used in its construction are available to download at www.met.reading.ac.uk/similar to spate/solarstormwatch. The STEREO/HI data are available for download from http://www.ukssdc.rl.ac.uk/solar/stereo/data.html. We thank the UK's Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) for support under grant NE/J024678/1. Solar Stormwatch is a joint project between the Royal Observatory Greenwich, the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space division, the Zooniverse team, and the University of Reading. STEREO is the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program. STEREO/HI was developed by a consortium comprising RAL, the University of Birmingham (UK), CSL (Belgium), and NRL (USA). This publication has been made possible by the participation of more than 16,000 volunteers in the Solar Stormwatch project (http://www.solarstormwatch.com/authors). This publication has been made possible by the participation of more than 16,000 volunteers in the Solar Stormwatch project (http://www.solarstormwatch.com/authors). NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC PY 2014 VL 12 IS 12 BP 657 EP 674 DI 10.1002/2014SW001119 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ1ZO UT WOS:000348034100002 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Kozlovsky, B Share, GH AF Murphy, R. J. Kozlovsky, B. Share, G. H. TI RADIOACTIVE POSITRON EMITTER PRODUCTION BY ENERGETIC ALPHA PARTICLES IN SOLAR FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun: activity; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: X-rays; gamma rays ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; PARTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; ANNIHILATION RADIATION; CORONAL ABUNDANCES; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; NEUTRON EMISSION; X-RAY; O-16; TARGETS AB Measurements of the 0.511MeV positron-annihilation line from solar flares are used to explore the flare process in general and ion acceleration in particular. In flares, positrons are produced primarily by the decay of radioactive positron-emitting isotopes resulting from nuclear interactions of flare-accelerated ions with ambient solar material. Kozlovsky et al. provided ion-energy-dependent production cross sections for 67 positron emitters evaluated from their threshold energies (some <1 MeV nucleon(-1)) to a GeV nucleon(-1), incorporating them into a computer code for calculating positron-emitter production. Adequate cross-section measurements were available for proton reactions, but not for alpha-particle reactions where only crude estimates were possible. Here we re-evaluate the alpha-particle cross sections using new measurements and nuclear reaction codes. In typical large gamma-ray line flares, proton reactions dominate positron production, but alpha-particle reactions will dominate for steeper accelerated-ion spectra because of their relatively low threshold energies. With the accelerated-He-3 reactions added previously, the code is now reliable for calculating positron production from any distribution of accelerated-ion energies, not just those of typical flares. We have made the code available in the online version of the Journal. We investigate which reactions, projectiles, and ion energies contribute to positron production. We calculate ratios of the annihilation-line fluence to fluences of other gamma-ray lines. Such ratios can be used in interpreting flare data and in determining which nuclear radiation is most sensitive for revealing acceleration of low-energy ions at the Sun. C1 [Murphy, R. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kozlovsky, B.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Share, G. H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM murphy@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; benz@wise.tau.ac.il; share@astro.umd.edu FU NASA [NNH13AV36]; Chief of Naval Research; Israeli Science Foundation FX We thank the anonymous reviewer for careful reading of the manuscript and for comments and suggestions that considerably improved the paper. We also acknowledge A. J. Koning for development of the nuclear reaction code TALYS, his help in using the code, and his willingness to answer questions concerning nuclear physics. This work was supported by NASA grant NNH13AV36 and the Chief of Naval Research. B. Kozlovsky acknowledges the Israeli Science Foundation for support. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 215 IS 2 AR 18 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/215/2/18 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY4IX UT WOS:000347542500003 ER PT J AU Cellini, SR Chaudhary, L AF Cellini, Stephanie Riegg Chaudhary, Latika TI The labor market returns to a for-profit college education SO ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Returns to education; For-profit colleges; NLSY; Earnings ID COMMUNITY-COLLEGE; TRAINING-PROGRAMS; EARNINGS; BENEFITS; STUDENTS; 2-YEAR; IMPACT AB A lengthy literature estimating the returns to education has largely ignored the for-profit sector. In this paper, we estimate the earnings gains to for-profit college attendance using restricted-access data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). Using an individual fixed effects estimation strategy that allows us to control for time-invariant unobservable characteristics of students, we find that students who enroll in associate's degree programs in for-profit colleges experience earnings gains of about 10% relative to high school graduates with no college degree, conditional on employment. Since associate's degree students attend for an average of 2.6 years, this translates to a 4% return per year of education in a for-profit college, slightly lower than estimates of returns for other sectors found in the literature. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cellini, Stephanie Riegg] George Washington Univ, Trachtenberg Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cellini, Stephanie Riegg] NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chaudhary, Latika] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cellini, SR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Trachtenberg Sch Publ Policy & Publ Adm, 805 21st St NW,601, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM scellini@gwu.edu; lhartman@nps.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0272-7757 EI 1873-7382 J9 ECON EDUC REV JI Econ. Educ. Rev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.10.001 PG 16 WC Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA AY3PO UT WOS:000347495500009 ER PT J AU Renk, TJ Harper-Slaboszewicz, V Mikkelson, KA Ginn, WC Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Renk, T. J. Harper-Slaboszewicz, V. Mikkelson, K. A. Ginn, W. C. Ottinger, P. F. Schumer, J. W. TI Use of a radial self-field diode geometry for intense pulsed ion beam generation at 6 MeV on Hermes III SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INSULATED ELECTRON FLOW; IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; ROD-PINCH DIODE; AURORA PULSER; IMPEDANCE; PLASMA; ACCELERATORS; POLARITY; FUSION; VACUUM AB We investigate the generation of intense pulsed focused ion beams at the 6 MeV level using an inductive voltage adder (IVA) pulsed-power generator, which employs a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). Such IVA machines typical run at an impedance of few tens of Ohms. Previous successful intense ion beam generation experiments have often featured an "axial" pinch-reflex ion diode (i.e., with an axial anode-cathode gap) and operated on a conventional Marx generator/water line driver with an impedance of a few Ohms and no need for an MITL. The goals of these experiments are to develop a pinch-reflex ion diode geometry that has an impedance to efficiently match to an IVA, produces a reasonably high ion current fraction, captures the vacuum electron current flowing forward in the MITL, and focuses the resulting ion beam to small spot size. A new "radial" pinch-reflex ion diode (i.e., with a radial anode-cathode gap) is found to best demonstrate these properties. Operation in both positive and negative polarities was undertaken, although the negative polarity experiments are emphasized. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are consistent with experimental results indicating that, for diode impedances less than the self-limited impedance of the MITL, almost all of the forward-going IVA vacuum electron flow current is incorporated into the diode current. PIC results also provide understanding of the diode-impedance and ion-focusing properties of the diode. In addition, a substantial high-energy ion population is also identified propagating in the "reverse" direction, i.e., from the back side of the anode foil in the electron beam dump. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Renk, T. J.; Harper-Slaboszewicz, V.; Mikkelson, K. A.; Ginn, W. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ottinger, P. F.] ENGILITY, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Schumer, J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Renk, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjrenk@sandia.gov OI Harper-Slaboszewicz, Victor/0000-0001-9518-9253; Ottinger, Paul/0000-0001-9901-7379 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge the technical support of the Hermes facility staff-Gary Tilley, Chris Kirtley, and J. J. Montoya. The authors also acknowledge fruitful technical discussions with Dr. Steve Rosenthal and Dr. Bryan Oliver. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 12 AR 123114 DI 10.1063/1.4903947 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AX8ME UT WOS:000347162700084 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, Y. -M. TI Solar Cycle Variation of the Sun's Low-Order Magnetic Multipoles: Heliospheric Consequences SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Solar cycle; Low-order magnetic multipoles; Interplanetary magnetic field; Heliospheric current sheet ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; CORONAL ROTATION; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; BASHFUL BALLERINA; MAUNDER MINIMUM; CURRENT SHEET; TILT ANGLES; FIELD AB The Sun's dipole and quadrupole components play a central role in the solar cycle evolution of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The long-term variation of the radial IMF component approximately tracks that of the total dipole moment, with additional contributions coming near sunspot maximum from the quadrupole moment and from CMEs. The axial and equatorial components of the dipole vary out of phase with each other over the solar cycle. The equatorial dipole, whose photospheric sources are subject to rotational shearing, decays on a timescale of similar to 1 yr and must be continually regenerated by new sunspot activity; its fluctuating strength depends not only on the activity level, but also on the longitudinal phase relationships among the active regions. During cycles 21-23, the equatorial dipole and IMF reached their peak strength similar to 2 yrs after sunspot maximum; conversely, large dips or "Gnevyshev gaps" occurred when active regions emerged longitudinally out of phase with each other. The Be-10-inferred phase shift in the IMF variation during the Maunder Minimum may be explained by a decrease in the amplitude of the equatorial dipole relative to the axial dipole, due either to a systematic weakening of the emerging bipoles or to an increase in their tilt angles. In mid-2012, during the polarity reversal of cycle 24, the nonaxisymmetric quadrupole component became so dominant that the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) split into two cylindrical components. Hemispheric asymmetries in sunspot activity give rise to an axisymmetric quadrupole component, which has combined with the axial dipole to produce a systematic southward displacement of the HCS since cycle 20. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7682W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX I am grateful to A. Balogh for the opportunity to participate in the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on "The Solar Activity Cycle: Physical Causes and Consequences," held in November 2013. This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0051-9 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY2HO UT WOS:000347409800013 ER PT J AU Tsoi, S Dev, P Friedman, AL Stine, R Robinson, JT Reinecke, TL Sheehan, PE AF Tsoi, Stanislav Dev, Pratibha Friedman, Adam L. Stine, Rory Robinson, Jeremy T. Reinecke, Thomas L. Sheehan, Paul E. TI van der Waals Screening by Single-Layer Graphene and Molybdenum Disulfide SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene; van der Waals interactions; screening; atomic force microscopy ID MEMBRANES; ADHESION AB A sharp tip of atomic force microscope is employed to probe van der Waals forces of a silicon oxide substrate with adhered graphene. Experimental results obtained in the range of distances from 3 to 20 nm indicate that single-, double-,and triple-layer graphenes screen the van der Waals forces of the substrate. Fluorination of graphene, which makes it electrically insulating, lifts the screening in the single-layer graphene. The van der Waals force from graphene determined per layer decreases with the number of layers. In addition, increased hole doping of graphene increases the force. Finally, we also demonstrate screening of the van der Waals forces of the silicon oxide substrate by single- and double-layer molybdenum disulfide. C1 [Tsoi, Stanislav; Sheehan, Paul E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dev, Pratibha; Robinson, Jeremy T.; Reinecke, Thomas L.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Friedman, Adam L.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsoi, S (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stanislav.tsoi@nrl.navy.mil RI Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013; Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; National Research Council through a National Research Council Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. P.D. appreciates the support of the National Research Council through a National Research Council Fellowship. We thank Mr. David Zapotok for his assistance with fabrication procedures. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 12 BP 12410 EP 12417 DI 10.1021/nn5050905 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX8CL UT WOS:000347138000053 PM 25412420 ER PT J AU Guild, MD Garcia-Chocano, VM Kan, WW Sanchez-Dehesa, J AF Guild, Matthew D. Garcia-Chocano, Victor M. Kan, Weiwei Sanchez-Dehesa, Jose TI Enhanced inertia from lossy effective fluids using multi-scale sonic crystals SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Phononic Crystals/Metamaterials, Phonon Transport and Optomechanics CY JUN 02-07, 2013 CL Amer Inst Phys, Sharm El-Sheikh, EGYPT HO Amer Inst Phys ID BAND-STRUCTURE; CYLINDERS; DENSITY; SOUND AB In this work, a recent theoretically predicted phenomenon of enhanced permittivity with electromagnetic waves using lossy materials is investigated for the analogous case of mass density and acoustic waves, which represents inertial enhancement. Starting from fundamental relationships for the homogenized quasi-static effective density of a fluid host with fluid inclusions, theoretical expressions are developed for the conditions on the real and imaginary parts of the constitutive fluids to have inertial enhancement, which are verified with numerical simulations. Realizable structures are designed to demonstrate this phenomenon using multi-scale sonic crystals, which are fabricated using a 3D printer and tested in an acoustic impedance tube, yielding good agreement with the theoretical predictions and demonstrating enhanced inertia. (C) 2014 Author(s). C1 [Guild, Matthew D.; Garcia-Chocano, Victor M.; Kan, Weiwei; Sanchez-Dehesa, Jose] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Ingn Elect, Grp Fenomenos Ondulatorios, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Kan, Weiwei] Nanjing Univ, Inst Acoust, Dept Phys, Key Lab Modern Acoust,MOE, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Guild, MD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mdguild@utexas.edu; jsdehesa@upv.es FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000141210216] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Award N000141210216). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 12 AR 124302 DI 10.1063/1.4901880 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AX8PC UT WOS:000347170100016 ER PT J AU Ruppalt, LB Cleveland, ER Champlain, JG Bennett, BR Prokes, SM AF Ruppalt, Laura B. Cleveland, Erin R. Champlain, James G. Bennett, Brian R. Prokes, Sharka M. TI Integration of atomic layer deposited high-k dielectrics on GaSb via hydrogen plasma exposure SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MOS CAPACITORS; ANTIMONIDE; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; MOBILITY; CONDUCTANCE; PASSIVATION; COMPOUND; DENSITY; MOSFETS AB In this letter we report the efficacy of a hydrogen plasma pretreatment for integrating atomic layer deposited (ALD) high-k dielectric stacks with device-quality p-type GaSb(001) epitaxial layers. Molecular beam eptiaxy-grown GaSb surfaces were subjected to a 30 minute H-2/Ar plasma treatment and subsequently removed to air. Highk HfO2 and Al2O3/HfO2 bilayer insulating films were then deposited via ALD and samples were processed into standard metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The quality of the semiconductor/dielectric interface was probed by current-voltage and variable-frequency admittance measurements. Measurement results indicate that the H-2-plamsa pretreatment leads to a low density of interface states nearly independent of the deposited dielectric material, suggesting that pre-deposition H-2-plasma exposure, coupled with ALD of high-k dielectrics, may provide an effective means for achieving high-quality GaSb MOS structures for advanced Sb-based digital and analog electronics. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Ruppalt, Laura B.; Cleveland, Erin R.; Champlain, James G.; Bennett, Brian R.; Prokes, Sharka M.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruppalt, LB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laura.ruppalt@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank Doewon Park and Connie Kornegay for their contributions to device fabrication. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 12 DI 10.1063/1.4905452 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AX8PC UT WOS:000347170100084 ER PT J AU Abele, TA Besachio, DA Quigley, EP Gurgel, RK Shelton, C Harnsberger, HR Wiggins, RH AF Abele, T. A. Besachio, D. A. Quigley, E. P. Gurgel, R. K. Shelton, C. Harnsberger, H. R. Wiggins, R. H., III TI Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening MR Imaging Using Unenhanced Axial CISS and Coronal T2WI for Detection of Small Internal Auditory Canal Lesions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAST SPIN-ECHO; SENSORINEURAL HEARING-LOSS; ACOUSTIC NEUROMA; CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE; SCHWANNOMA; SEQUENCE; OUTCOMES; NERVE AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While enhanced TIWI is considered the "gold standard" for detection of internal auditory canal pathology, unenhanced fluid-sensitive sequences have shown high sensitivity for lesion identification. Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an unenhanced MR imaging protocol using axial CISS and coronal T2WI for detection of small (10 mm or less) internal auditory canal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with small internal auditory canal lesions and 13 patients without lesions who had undergone MR imaging using the screening protocol and confirmatory gadolinium-enhanced thin section T1WI were identified. Two blinded neuroradiologists retrospectively evaluated all examinations using 1) only axial CISS, 2) only corona! T2WI, and 3) axial and coronal sequences together. Accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and interobserver agreement were assessed. RESULTS: Median maximum lesion dimension was 4 mm (range, 2-10 mm). Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for axial CISS alone were 0.94, 0.96, and 0.91 for observer 1 and 0.94, 0.92, and 1.00 for observer 2. The data for the coronal T2WI sequence only were 0.94, 0.96, and 0.91 for observer 1, and 0.99,1.00, and 0.96 for observer 2. Using axial and coronal sequences, the data were 0.97, 0.96, and 1.00 for observer 1, and 0.99, 0.98, and 1.00 for observer 2. kappa coefficients were 0.84 for the axial sequence only, 0.90 for corona' only, and 0.91 for axial and coronal both. CONCLUSIONS: Screening noncontrast MR imaging using a combination of axial CISS and coronal T2WI sequences can detect small internal auditory canal lesions with 100% sensitivity and excellent interobserver agreement. C1 [Abele, T. A.; Quigley, E. P.; Harnsberger, H. R.; Wiggins, R. H., III] Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Wiggins, R. H., III] Univ Utah, Dept Biomed Informat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Gurgel, R. K.; Shelton, C.; Wiggins, R. H., III] Univ Utah, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Besachio, D. A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Abele, TA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, 30 North 1900 East 1A071, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM travis.abele@hsc.utah.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI DENVILLE PA PO BOX 3000, DENVILLE, NJ 07834-9349 USA SN 0195-6108 EI 1936-959X J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2366 EP 2370 DI 10.3174/ajnr.A4041 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AX1EI UT WOS:000346690500025 PM 25034778 ER PT J AU Kim, T Lee, J Fredriksson, DW Decew, J Drach, A Moon, K AF Kim, Taeho Lee, Jihoon Fredriksson, David W. DeCew, Judson Drach, Andrew Moon, Kiyoung TI Engineering analysis of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage system for deployment in exposed marine environments SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CFD; Flow; Finite element modeling; Abalone cage; Structural analysis; Mooring system tensions ID NUMERICAL MODELING TECHNIQUES; FISH CAGE; COEFFICIENTS; REPLACEMENT; MEAL; AIR AB Great potential may exist in the development of abalone aquaculture in underutilized, exposed marine environments. Abalone is a shellfish that feeds on kelp and as a product, can often render high market value. In this study, the development of a commercial-size, submersible abalone cage grow-out system with a modular box structure is described. The flow field characteristics within the abalone containment structure were analyzed with computational fluid dynamic software. The hydrodynamic response of the moored containment structure was investigated with a Morison equation type finite element model that simulates fluid-structure interaction. Environmental forcing input to the model consisted of loading conditions representing combinations of currents with a magnitude of 1.0 m/s and irregular seas with a significant wave height of 8.01 m and peak period of 12.52 s. Simulations were performed with the abalone cage model in both surface and submerged configurations. From the simulations, the attachment loads were determined and used in a structural model to calculate local stresses. Structural analysis of the deployment and recovery operation was also investigated. The results indicate the importance of including a combination of detailed structural/hydrodynamic/flow analyses into the design framework to avoid catastrophic failures of abalone farming systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Taeho; Lee, Jihoon] Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Marine Technol, Yeosu 550749, South Korea. [Fredriksson, David W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeCew, Judson] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Drach, Andrew] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moon, Kiyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Kim, T (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Div Marine Technol, Yeosu 550749, South Korea. EM kimth@jnu.ac.kr; jihoon.lee@jnu.ac.kr OI Kim, Taeho/0000-0001-5043-5828; Drach, Andrew/0000-0003-4211-1254 FU Fishery Commercialization Technology Development Program, Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Republic of Korea [112091-2] FX This research was supported by Fishery Commercialization Technology Development Program, (112091-2) Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Republic of Korea. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 63 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.10.006 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA AX7ZH UT WOS:000347129600010 ER PT J AU Drikas, ZB Gil, JG Hong, SK Andreadis, TD Yeh, JH Taddese, BT Anlage, SM AF Drikas, Zachary B. Gil, Jesus Gil Hong, Sun K. Andreadis, Tim D. Yeh, Jen-Hao Taddese, Biniyam T. Anlage, Steven M. TI Application of the Random Coupling Model to Electromagnetic Statistics in Complex Enclosures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); over-moded enclosures; probability density function; random coupling model (RCM); statistical electromagnetism; wave scattering ID CHAOTIC MICROWAVE CAVITIES; SCATTERING MATRICES; IMPEDANCE AB The effectiveness of the random coupling model (RCM) in predicting electromagnetic wave coupling to targeted electronic components within a complex enclosure is examined. In the short-wavelength limit with respect to the characteristic length of the enclosure, electromagnetic wave propagation within a large enclosure is sensitive to small changes to the interior, or to the boundaries of the enclosure. Such changes can reduce or invalidate the applicability of deterministic predictions of the electromagnetic fields at radiofrequencies (RF) in large enclosures. Under such circumstances, a statistical approach is needed to provide a better understanding of RF coupling to components within large enclosures. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the applicability of a statistical technique, the RCM, to estimate the probabilistic magnitudes of RF fields on electrically large components (i.e., long cables, etc.) that are partially shielded within a complex, 3-D enclosure. C1 [Drikas, Zachary B.; Gil, Jesus Gil; Hong, Sun K.; Andreadis, Tim D.] Naval Res Lab, Dept Tact Elect, Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yeh, Jen-Hao; Taddese, Biniyam T.; Anlage, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Drikas, ZB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Dept Tact Elect, Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zachary.drikas@nrl.navy.mil; jesus.gilgil@nrl.navy.mil; sun.hong@nrl.navy.mil; tim.andreadis@nrl.navy.mil; davidyeh@umd.edu; bini01@umd.edu; anlage@umd.edu RI Hong, Sun/E-9597-2014 OI Hong, Sun/0000-0003-4417-8727 FU ONR Applied Electromagnetics Program [N0001410WX20844]; ONR/Maryland Applied Electromagnetics Center [N0 0014-09-1-1190]; ONR MURI [N00014-07-1-0734] FX This work was supported by the ONR Applied Electromagnetics Program N0001410WX20844, the ONR/Maryland Applied Electromagnetics Center under Grant N0 0014-09-1-1190, Task A2, and ONR MURI through Grant N00014-07-1-0734. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1487 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2014.2337262 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX1OS UT WOS:000346716800028 ER PT J AU Alles, ML Hughes, HL Ball, DR McMarr, PJ Schrimpf, RD AF Alles, Michael L. Hughes, Harold L. Ball, Dennis R. McMarr, Patrick J. Schrimpf, Ronald D. TI Total-Ionizing-Dose Response of Narrow, Long Channel 45 nm PDSOI Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Long channel; narrow channel; partially-depleted SOI; total ionizing dose (TID) ID RADIATION; SOI; OXIDES AB Measured results and 3D TCAD simulations demonstrate that narrow, long channel PDSOI devices may exhibit a total-ionizing-dose response more like FDSOI devices, attributable to regions of lighter body doping and trapped charge in the isolation regions. C1 [Alles, Michael L.; Ball, Dennis R.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hughes, Harold L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMarr, Patrick J.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Alles, ML (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM mike.alles@vanderbilt.edu; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; patrick.mcmarr.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-13-1-G017] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and in part by the Naval Research Laboratory under Grant N00173-13-1-G017. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2945 EP 2950 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2366725 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100021 ER PT J AU Francis, SA Petrosky, JC McClory, JW Cress, CD AF Francis, S. Ashley Petrosky, James C. McClory, John W. Cress, Cory D. TI Effects of Proton and X-ray Irradiation on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with Thin Gate Dielectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Charge pumping; graphene; hysteresis; oxide traps; radiation effects ID SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; DEFECT FORMATION; MOS-TRANSISTORS; DEVICES; TRAPS AB Charge pumping and drain current-gate voltage (I-D-V-G) measurements are used to investigate degradation and environmental effects in X-ray and proton-irradiated graphene transistors. X-ray irradiation initially degrades mobility due to hole trapping in the oxide, and induces oxygen-related p-type doping that is evident in the increase in I-D once trapped holes anneal out; after long times, interface trap buildup dominates device response. Both the drain current and charge pumping current decrease initially after proton irradiation due to displacement damage and dedoping. However, continued degradation indicates further damage to the graphene layer itself, likely from oxygen-related defect creation in the graphene, induced water and gas molecules between the graphene layer and underlying substrate, or some combination of both. These results indicate that the environment can significantly affect the radiation response of graphene devices, and that the long-term response of the device may be quite different from the initial response due to defect creation, charge migration and annealing. C1 [Francis, S. Ashley; Petrosky, James C.; McClory, John W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Francis, SA (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sarah.francis.ctr@afit.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu; jmcclory@afit.edu; carbon.nanoelectronics@nrl.navy.mil OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The work of S. A. Francis was supported by a scholarship program managed by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3010 EP 3017 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2364780 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100031 ER PT J AU Roig, F Dusseau, L Ribeiro, P Auriel, G Roche, NJH Privat, A Vaille, JR Boch, J Saigne, F Marec, R Calve, P Bezerra, F Ecoffet, R Azais, B AF Roig, F. Dusseau, L. Ribeiro, P. Auriel, G. Roche, N. J-H. Privat, A. Vaille, J. -R. Boch, J. Saigne, F. Marec, R. Calve, P. Bezerra, F. Ecoffet, R. Azais, B. TI Impact of Neutron-Induced Displacement Damage on the ATREE Response in LM124 Operational Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Bipolar analog integrated circuits; circuit modeling; displacement damage; total non-ionizing dose; transient radiation effects; transient response; X-ray effects ID IONIZING-RADIATION; ANALOG CIRCUITS; BIPOLAR; TRANSIENTS; DEVICES; ASETS; MODEL AB The synergistic effect between displacement damage dose (DDD) and analog transient radiation effects on electronics (ATREE) in an operational amplifier (LM124) (opamp) from three different manufacturers is investigated. Pulsed X-ray experiments have highlighted ATREE sensitivity on devices significantly more important following exposure to fission neutrons than for unirradiated devices. A previously developed simulation tool is used to model ATREE responses taking into account the electrical parameters degradation due to displacement damage phenomenon. A good agreement is observed between model outputs and experimental ATREE results. C1 [Roig, F.; Ribeiro, P.; Auriel, G.] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-46500 Gramat, France. [Roig, F.; Dusseau, L.; Privat, A.; Vaille, J. -R.; Boch, J.; Saigne, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IES, UMR 5214, F-34097 Montpellier 5, France. [Roche, N. J-H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, N. J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Marec, R.; Calve, P.] Thales Alenia Space, F-31037 Toulouse 1, France. [Bezerra, F.; Ecoffet, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Azais, B.] Direct Generale Armement, F-92221 Bagneux, France. RP Roig, F (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-46500 Gramat, France. EM Fabien.Roig@CEA.fr FU Direction Generale de l'Armement; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Thales Alenia Space FX The authors would like to thank the Direction Generale de l'Armement, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and Thales Alenia Space for their support on this work. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3043 EP 3049 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2365048 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100036 ER PT J AU Roche, NJH Buchner, SP Foster, CC King, MP Dodds, NA Warner, JH Mc Morrow, D Decker, T O'Neill, PM Reddell, BD Nguyen, KV Samsel, IK Hooten, NC Bennett, WG Reed, RA AF Roche, N. J-H. Buchner, S. P. Foster, C. C. King, M. P. Dodds, N. A. Warner, J. H. Mc Morrow, D. Decker, T. O'Neill, P. M. Reddell, B. D. Nguyen, K. V. Samsel, I. K. Hooten, N. C. Bennett, W. G. Reed, R. A. TI Validation of the Variable Depth Bragg Peak Method for Single-Event Latchup Testing Using Ion Beam Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Bragg peak; heavy ions; pulse height analysis; single event latchup AB The Variable Depth Bragg Peak method has been investigated for single event latchup testing by comparing latchup cross sections for heavy ions at low and high energies and by pulse height analysis. Results show that, unlike for an SOI device previously tested, where the charge collection depth is very small (70 nm), the comparison is not straightforward for latchup because of the large charge collection volumes involved. The variation in LET with depth for lower-energy ions greatly affects the comparison, but, if a charge collection depth of 50 mu m is assumed and the LET is averaged over that distance, the comparison improves significantly. C1 [Roche, N. J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20073 USA. [Buchner, S. P.; Warner, J. H.; Mc Morrow, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foster, C. C.] Foster Consulting Serv LLC, University Pl, WA 98466 USA. [King, M. P.; Dodds, N. A.; Samsel, I. K.; Hooten, N. C.; Bennett, W. G.; Reed, R. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Decker, T.] Analog Devices Inc, Greensboro, NC 27409 USA. [O'Neill, P. M.; Reddell, B. D.] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nguyen, K. V.] Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP Roche, NJH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20073 USA. EM Nicolas.roche.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; fosterchc@nventure.com; decker@analog.com; kyson.v.nguyen@nasa.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3061 EP 3067 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2367593 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100039 ER PT J AU Chen, DK Kim, H Phan, A Wilcox, E LaBel, K Buchner, S Khachatrian, A Roche, N AF Chen, Dakai Kim, Hak Phan, Anthony Wilcox, Edward LaBel, Kenneth Buchner, Stephen Khachatrian, Ani Roche, Nicolas TI Single-Event Effect Performance of a Commercial Embedded ReRAM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Heavy ion testing; lasers; non-volatile memory; radiation effects in ICs; single-event effect (SEE) ID HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; NONVOLATILE MEMORY; IMPACT; CELLS AB We show the single-event effect characteristics of a production-level embedded resistive memory. The resistive memory under investigation is a reduction-oxidation random access memory embedded inside a microcontroller. The memory structure consists of Ir top electrode, Ta-2 O5-6/TaOx metal-oxide, and TaN bottom electrode. The radiation testing focused on the resistive memory array and peripheral circuits, while other portions of the microcontroller were shielded against the ion beam. We found that the resistive memory array is hardened against heavy ion and pulsed-laser-induced bit upsets. However, the microcontroller is susceptible to single-event functional interrupts due to single-event upsets in the resistive memory peripheral control circuits, which comprise of CMOS elements. Furthermore, the resistive memory architecture is not susceptible to functional failures during write, which is problematic for flash memories due to radiation-induced charge pump degradation. C1 [Chen, Dakai; LaBel, Kenneth] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Wilcox, Edward] ASRC Space & Def, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Buchner, Stephen; Khachatrian, Ani; Roche, Nicolas] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dakai.chen-1@nasa.gov; hak.s.kim@nasa.gov; stephen.buchner@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO [DTRA10027-8002] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under IACRO DTRA10027-8002 to NASA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3088 EP 3094 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2361488 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100043 ER PT J AU Lourenco, NE Fleetwood, ZE Jung, SW Cardoso, AS Chakraborty, PS England, TD Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Melinger, JS Warner, JH Paki, P Kaynak, M Tillack, B Knoll, D Cressler, JD AF Lourenco, Nelson E. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Jung, Seungwoo Cardoso, Adilson S. Chakraborty, Partha S. England, Troy D. Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Melinger, Joseph S. Warner, Jeffrey H. Paki, Pauline Kaynak, Mehmet Tillack, Bernd Knoll, Dieter Cressler, John D. TI On the Transient Response of a Complementary (npn plus pnp) SiGe HBT BiCMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE C-SiGe; charge collection; complementary bipolar; complementary-SiGe; nanoTCAD; PNP heterojunction bipolar transistors; radiation hardening; SiGe HBT; silicon-germanium technology; single-event effects (SEE); single-event transient (SET) ID DESIGNING ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; PROTON TOLERANCE; PART-I; CIRCUITS; 4TH-GENERATION; MITIGATION; OPERATION; LOGIC AB The single-event transient (SET) response of a third-generation bulk C-SiGe (npn + pnp) BiCMOS platform is investigated for the first time. Pulsed-laser, two-photon absorption experiments show that the pnp SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) exhibits a significant reduction in sensitive area as well as an improved transient response compared with the npn SiGe HBT. Ion-strike simulations on 3-D TCAD, C-SiGe HBT models agree with experimental findings, showing a reduction in overall transient duration and collected charge for the pnp SiGe HBT. These improvements in device-level SETs are attributed to the n-well isolation layer present in the vertical material stack of the pnp HBT. These results suggest that precision analog, RF/mm-wave, and high-speed digital applications utilizing unhardened, high-performance bulk pnp SiGe HBTs should benefit from an inherently improved SEE response. C1 [Lourenco, Nelson E.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Jung, Seungwoo; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Chakraborty, Partha S.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [England, Troy D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Paki, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Kaynak, Mehmet; Tillack, Bernd; Knoll, Dieter] IHP Microelect, D-15236 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Lourenco, NE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nlourenco@gatech.edu; cressler@ece.gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3146 EP 3153 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2361269 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100051 ER PT J AU Jung, SW Lourenco, NE Song, IY Oakley, MA England, TD Arora, R Cardoso, AS Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Melinger, JS Warner, JH Paki-Amouzou, P Babcock, JA Cressler, JD AF Jung, Seungwoo Lourenco, Nelson E. Song, Ickhyun Oakley, Michael A. England, Troy D. Arora, Rajan Cardoso, Adilson S. Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Melinger, Joseph S. Warner, Jeffrey H. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Babcock, Jeff A. Cressler, John D. TI An Investigation of Single-Event Transients in C-SiGe HBT on SOI Current Mirror Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Current mirrors; inverse-mode operation; mixed-mode simulation; radiation hardening; SiGe HBT; single-event effects; single-event transient; single-event upset; TCAD ID DESIGNING ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; DEEP TRENCH ISOLATION; INVERSE-MODE; VOLTAGE REFERENCES; RHBD TECHNIQUES; RADIATION; MITIGATION; OPERATION; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT AB The single-event effect sensitivity of three different commonly employed current mirror circuits, as well as an unconventional inverse-mode current mirror, all implemented in C-SiGe (NPN + PNP) HBT on SOI technology are investigated. Comparisons of the measured data of the basic NPN and PNP current mirror circuits show higher single-event radiation tolerance of PNP SiGe HBTs compared with NPN SiGe HBTs. The concept of utilizing inverse-mode SiGe HBTs in current mirror circuits is investigated. Measurement results validate the feasibility of employing inverse-mode PNP SiGe HBTs in current mirrors and show an excellent resilience against ion-strikes. Full 3-D NanoTCAD models of the SiGe HBTs are developed and used in mixed-mode TCAD simulations (within Cadence) to validate the measurement results. Finally, based on the measurement data and analysis of the four current mirrors, some practical suggestions and observations are offered for operation of such circuits in extreme environments. C1 [Jung, Seungwoo; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Song, Ickhyun; Oakley, Michael A.; England, Troy D.; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Arora, Rajan; Babcock, Jeff A.] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.; Khachatrian, Ani; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jung, SW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jung@gatech.edu; nlourenco@gatech.edu; ihsong@gatech.edu; maoakley@gatech.edu; tengland3@gatech.edu; arora@ti.com; cardosoa@gatech.edu; nroche@gwu.edu; dale.mcmorrow@nrl.navy.mil; stephen.buchner@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; pauline.amouzou@dtra.mil; jeff.babcock@ti.com; cressler@ece.gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3193 EP 3200 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2358207 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100057 ER PT J AU Roig, F Dusseau, L Ribeiro, P Auriel, G Roche, NJH Privat, A Vaille, JR Boch, J Saigne, F Marec, R Calvel, P Bezerra, F Ecoffet, R Azais, B AF Roig, Fabien Dusseau, L. Ribeiro, P. Auriel, G. Roche, N. J. -H. Privat, A. Vaille, J. -R. Boch, J. Saigne, F. Marec, R. Calvel, P. Bezerra, F. Ecoffet, R. Azais, B. TI The Role of Feedback Resistors and TID Effects in the ASET Response of a High Speed Current Feedback Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Bipolar analog integrated circuits; ionizing dose; single event transient; transient analysis; transient response ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; LM124 OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; SENSITIVITY AB The influence of external circuit designs on ASET shapes in a high speed current feedback amplifier (CFA) (AD844) is investigated by means of the pulsed laser single event effect (PLSEE) simulation technique. Changes of the feedback resistors modify circuit's electrical parameters such as closed-loop gain and bandwidth, affecting amplifier stability and so ASET shapes. Qualitative explanations based on general electronic rules and feedback theories enable the understanding of a CFA operation establishing a correlation between the evolution of external feedback resistor values and ASET parameters. TID effects on the ASET sensitivity in AD844 CFA are also investigated in this work highlighting different behaviors according to the impacted bipolar transistor in the integrated circuit. C1 [Roig, Fabien; Ribeiro, P.; Auriel, G.] CEA Gramat, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-46500 Gramat, France. [Roig, Fabien; Dusseau, L.; Privat, A.; Vaille, J. -R.; Boch, J.; Saigne, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, IES UMR CNRS 5214, F-34097 Montpellier 5, France. [Roche, N. J. -H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, N. J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Marec, R.; Calvel, P.] Thales Alenia Space, F-31037 Toulouse 1, France. [Bezerra, F.; Ecoffet, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Azais, B.] DGA, F-92221 Bagneux, France. RP Roig, F (reprint author), CEA Gramat, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, F-46500 Gramat, France. EM Fabien.Roig@CEA.fr FU Direction Generale de l'Armement; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Thales Alenia Space FX The authors would like to thank the Direction Generale de l'Armement, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and Thales Alenia Space for their support on this work. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3201 EP 3209 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2369347 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100058 ER PT J AU Cardoso, AS Chakraborty, PS Karaulac, N Fleischhauer, DM Lourenco, NE Fleetwood, ZE Omprakash, AP England, TD Jung, S Najafizadeh, L Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Warner, JH McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Zhang, EX Zhang, CX McCurdy, MW Reed, RA Fleetwood, DM Paki-Amouzou, P Cressler, JD AF Cardoso, Adilson S. Chakraborty, Partha S. Karaulac, Nedeljko Fleischhauer, David M. Lourenco, Nelson E. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Omprakash, Anup P. England, Troy D. Jung, Seungwoo Najafizadeh, Laleh Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani Warner, Jeffrey H. McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Zhang, En Xia Zhang, Cher Xuan McCurdy, Michael W. Reed, Robert A. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI Single-Event Transient and Total Dose Response of Precision Voltage Reference Circuits Designed in a 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Bandgap reference (BGR); biCMOS circuits; PIN diode; precision voltage reference; radiation; radiation hardening by design; SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs); single-event transient (SET); total ionizing dose (TID); transient radiation effects; transient response ID INDUCED CHARGE COLLECTION; ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; MITIGATION; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; OPERATION; SEE AB This paper presents an investigation of the impact of single-event transients (SETs) and total ionization dose (TID) on precision voltage reference circuits designed in a fourth-generation, 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A first-order uncompensated bandgap reference (BGR) circuit is used to benchmark the SET and TID responses of these voltage reference circuits (VRCs). Based on the first-order BGR radiation response, new circuit-level radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) techniques are proposed. An RHBD technique using inverse-mode (IM) transistors is demonstrated in a BGR circuit. In addition, a PIN diode VRC is presented as a potential SET and TID tolerant, circuit-level RHBD alternative. C1 [Cardoso, Adilson S.; Chakraborty, Partha S.; Karaulac, Nedeljko; Fleischhauer, David M.; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Omprakash, Anup P.; England, Troy D.; Jung, Seungwoo; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Najafizadeh, Laleh] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.; Khachatrian, Ani; Warner, Jeffrey H.; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Zhang, En Xia; Zhang, Cher Xuan; McCurdy, Michael W.; Reed, Robert A.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cardoso, AS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cardosoa@gatech.edu RI Zhang , Cher Xuan/J-4754-2015 OI Zhang , Cher Xuan/0000-0003-0518-864X FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058]; NASA-NEPP FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under HDTRA1-13-C-0058 and by NASA-NEPP. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3210 EP 3217 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2358078 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100059 ER PT J AU Song, I Jung, S Lourenco, NE Raghunathan, US Fleetwood, ZE Zeinolabedinzadeh, S Gebremariam, TB Inanlou, F Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Melinger, JS Warner, JH Paki-Amouzou, P Cressler, JD AF Song, Ickhyun Jung, Seungwoo Lourenco, Nelson E. Raghunathan, Uppili S. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Zeinolabedinzadeh, Saeed Gebremariam, Tikurete B. Inanlou, Farzad Roche, Nicholas J. -H. Khachatrian, Ani McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen P. Melinger, Joseph S. Warner, Jeffrey H. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Cressler, John D. TI Design of Radiation-Hardened RF Low-Noise Amplifiers Using Inverse-Mode SiGe HBTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Cascode; inverse-mode; low-noise amplifier (LNA); mixed-mode simulation; pulsed-laser; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD); siGe HBT; single-event effect (SEE); single-event transient (SET); two photon absorption (TPA) ID PROTON TOLERANCE; PERFORMANCE; MITIGATION; IMPACT AB A SiGe RF low-noise amplifier (LNA) with built-in tolerance to single-event transients is proposed. The LNA utilizes an inverse-mode SiGe HBT for the common-base transistor in a cascode core. This new cascode configuration exhibits reduced transient peaks and shorter transient durations compared to the conventional cascode one. The improved SET response was verified with through-wafer two-photon absorption pulsed-laser experiments and supported via mixed-mode TCAD simulations. In addition, analysis of the RF performance and the reliability issues associated with the inverse-mode operation further suggests this new cascode structure can be a strong contender for space-based applications. The LNA with the inverse-mode-based cascode core was fabricated in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS platform and has similar RF performance to the conventional schematic-based LNA, further validating the proposed approach. C1 [Song, Ickhyun; Jung, Seungwoo; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Raghunathan, Uppili S.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Zeinolabedinzadeh, Saeed; Gebremariam, Tikurete B.; Inanlou, Farzad; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roche, Nicholas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Roche, Nicholas J. -H.; Khachatrian, Ani; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Song, IY (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ihsong@gatech.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-13-C-0058]; NASA-NEPP; IBM FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-13-C-0058, NASA-NEPP, and IBM. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3218 EP 3225 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2363631 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100060 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Wong, F Hoang, B Cress, CD Walters, RJ Kluever, CA Jones, G AF Messenger, Scott R. Wong, Frankie Hoang, Bao Cress, Cory D. Walters, Robert J. Kluever, Craig A. Jones, Glenn TI Low-Thrust Geostationary Transfer Orbit (LT2GEO) Radiation Environment and Associated Solar Array Degradation Modeling and Ground Testing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Radiation effects; radiation environments; solar cells ID ELECTRIC PROPULSION AB Low-thrust geostationary transfer orbits (LT2GEO) are found to offer significant low cost options thus making them very attractive for GEO missions. However, LT2GEOs increase the transfer orbit time from days to months, thereby causing a significant increase in the time that satellites traverse the most intense trapped particle radiation belts. This paper describes the LT2GEO radiation environment and provides some practical implications using new solar cell technologies and materials. New solar cell and coverglass testing protocols are established using Monte Carlo transport modeling and experimental results are given for Qioptiq CMG borosilicate coverglass. C1 [Messenger, Scott R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wong, Frankie; Hoang, Bao] Space Syst Loral, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Cress, Cory D.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kluever, Craig A.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jones, Glenn] Qioptiq Space Technol, Trefnant, Denbigh, Wales. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM scott.messenger@umbc.edu; fwong@sslmda.com; bhoang@sslmda.com; klueverc@missouri.edu; Glenn.Jones@uk.qioptiq.com OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [0173-14-1-G002] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under Grant 0173-14-1-G002. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3348 EP 3355 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2364894 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100076 ER PT J AU Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH McMorrow, D Warner, JH Buchner, SP Melinger, JS AF Khachatrian, Ani Roche, Nicolas J-H McMorrow, Dale Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. Melinger, Joseph S. TI A Dosimetry Methodology for Two-Photon Absorption Induced Single-Event Effects Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Beam monitors; dosimetry; laser beamline; operating point; optical measurement; photodetector; pulsed laser; quantitative correlation; single-event effects; two-photon absorption ID PULSED-LASER; TRANSIENTS; DEVICES; DESIGNS; BEAM; ION AB A pulsed-laser dosimetry approach for two-photon absorption (TPA) single-event effects (SEE) measurements is presented. Development and implementation of three online beam monitors is described. The beammonitors permit characterization of the primary laser beam parameters of interest: the pulse energy delivered to the device under test, the pulse duration, and the focused laser spot size. A direct consequence of this methodology is the ability to monitor continuously the operating point of the TPA SEE pulsed-laser beamline and to make the necessary adjustments when parameters drift, either during an experiment or between experiments. C1 [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani; Roche, Nicolas J-H; McMorrow, Dale; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Khachatrian, A (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM ani.khachatrian.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; nicolas.roche.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil; mc-morrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program and the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3416 EP 3423 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2369006 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100085 ER PT J AU Hales, JM McMorrow, D Roche, NJH Khachatrian, A Warner, JH Buchner, SP Melinger, JS Perry, JW Lotshaw, WT Dubikovsky, V AF Hales, Joel M. McMorrow, Dale Roche, Nicolas J-H. Khachatrian, Ani Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. Melinger, Joseph S. Perry, Joseph W. Lotshaw, William T. Dubikovsky, Vladislav TI Simulation of Light-Matter Interaction and Two-Photon Absorption Induced Charge Deposition by Ultrashort Optical Pulses in Silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE International Nuclearand Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE CMOS; free-carrier absorption; free-carrier refraction; nonlinear optics; optical Kerr effect; silicon; single-event effect (SEE); single-event upset (SEU); two-photon absorption ID NONLINEAR REFRACTION; THROUGH-WAFER; KNIFE-EDGE; MU-M; BEAM; LIMITER; FOCUS AB Nonlinear beam propagation software is used to calculate quantitatively the two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced charge-density profiles generated in silicon by focused femtosecond laser pulses under conditions that are experimentally relevant for single-event effects studies. The described approach permits simulation and prediction of the impact of various optical nonlinearities on the beam propagation through, and generation of free carriers in silicon for F/#s approaching one. It is found that, even at moderate incident laser pulse energies, the nonlinear-optical processes of nonlinear refraction, free-carrier absorption, and free-carrier refraction all contribute, and must be considered in describing the TPA-induced charge generation in silicon. Free-carrier refraction is found to play the dominant role in distorting the charge density profile at larger pulse energies. The simulation results are validated with experimentally measured beam sizes for different focusing conditions. C1 [Hales, Joel M.; Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Hales, Joel M.; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Khachatrian, Ani; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lotshaw, William T.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Dubikovsky, Vladislav] Intrace Med SA, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Hales, JM (reprint author), Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM mc-morrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research [N00014-97-1-0936]; Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program [N00421-98-C-1327] FX This work was supported by the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program and the Office of Naval Research. The NLOBPM code used in this research was developed at CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, under support from the Office of Naval Research, grant N00014-97-1-0936, and the Naval Air Warfare Center Joint Service Agile Program, contract N00421-98-C-1327. See references [7], [10], and [11]. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3504 EP 3511 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2368569 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AX1RO UT WOS:000346724100098 ER PT J AU Liou, K Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST Rich, N Plunkett, S Simpson, L Fry, CD Schenk, K AF Liou, Kan Wu, Chin-Chun Dryer, Murray Wu, Shi-Tsan Rich, Nathan Plunkett, Simon Simpson, Lynn Fry, Craig D. Schenk, Kevin TI Global simulation of extremely fast coronal mass ejection on 23 July 2012 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejection; MHD simulation; CME-driven shock ID SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SHOCK-WAVES; BOW SHOCK; TIME; ARRIVAL; MODEL; EARTH; ACCELERATION AB The July 23, 2012 CME was an extremely fast backside event, reaching similar to 1 AU (STEREO-A) within 20 h as compared to similar to 3-6 days for typical CME events. Here, we present results from a simulation study of the CME and its driven shock using a combined kinematic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation model, H3DMHD. In general, the model results match well with in situ measurements in the arrival time of the CME-driven shock and the total magnetic field strength, assuming an initial CME speed of 3100 km/s. Based on extrapolation of an empirical model, the fast CME and its large magnetic field (I vertical bar B vertical bar similar to 120 nT) are capable of producing an extremely large geomagnetic storm (Dst similar to - 545 nT), comparable to the well-known Halloween storm in 2003, if the CME had made a direct impact to the Earth. We investigated the effect of the adiabatic index (gamma). It is found that the shock tends to arrive slightly later for a smaller gamma value, and gamma=5/3 provides the best agreement for the shock arrival time. We also demonstrate that the strength (the Mach number) of the CME-driven fast-mode shock is not the largest at the "nose" of the CME. This is mainly due to the manifestation of fast-mode wave speed upstream of the shock. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun; Rich, Nathan; Plunkett, Simon; Simpson, Lynn] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr Ret, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Shi-Tsan] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fry, Craig D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Schenk, Kevin] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Liou, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kan.liou@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NSF [AGS-0964396, AGS1153323]; APL's Janney grant; ONR 6.1 program FX We are grateful to the Reviewers for their constructive comments on the paper. We acknowledge the use of solar EUV disk and coronagraph images from the STEREO/SECCHI instrument (R.A. Howard, PI), solar wind plasma data from STEREO/PLASTIC Investigation (A.B. Galvin, PI), and magnetic field data from STEREO/IMPACT (J. Luhmann, PI). The SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The work at JHUAPL was supported partially by NSF Grant AGS-0964396. KL acknowledges support from APL's Janney grant for preparation of the manuscript. The work at NRL was supported by ONR 6.1 program. The work of S.-T. Wu is supported by NSF Grant AGS1153323 to UAH. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 121 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.09.013 PN A PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX6GY UT WOS:000347022200004 ER PT J AU Bradstreet, AJ Brander, RW McCarroll, JR Brighton, B Howes, DD Drozdzewski, D Sherker, S Turner, I Roberts, A MacMahan, J AF Bradstreet, Anthony J. Brander, Robert W. McCarroll, Jak R. Brighton, Barbara Howes, Dale Dominey Drozdzewski, Danielle Sherker, Shauna Turner, Ian Roberts, Amelia MacMahan, Jamie TI Rip Current Survival Principles: Towards Consistency SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rip currents; survival methods; principles; public education; social marketing; communication; public safety; drowning prevention; injury prevention; drowning; key messages ID CURRENT HAZARD; BEACH AB Advances in applied rip current research over the past 10 years have dramatically increased our collective understanding of the hazard posed to communities by rip currents. Repeated drifter, dye, swimmer, in situ instrumentation, and model experimentation has demonstrated the highly variable nature of rip currents, which has significant implications for long standing survival strategies. Analysis of prevalent rip current survival advice revealed that under variable rip current conditions, the advice may not prove effective in-situ, resulting in individual adopting alternative behaviours, which may or may not have been endorsed or promoted by safety authorities. This paper discusses evidence supporting key principles prominent in the discourse between public safety practitioners and rip current researchers, and presents how these principles relate to each other in practice. The principles are set into two categories: avoidance and survival. They have been developed to support consistent engagement, education and communication strategies for community resilience and further reduce the burden of rip current related drowning globally. C1 [Bradstreet, Anthony J.; Brighton, Barbara] Surf Life Saving Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Brander, Robert W.; McCarroll, Jak R.; Drozdzewski, Danielle; Sherker, Shauna; Roberts, Amelia] UNSW Australia, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Turner, Ian] UNSW Australia, Water Res Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Howes, Dale Dominey] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [MacMahan, Jamie] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bradstreet, AJ (reprint author), Surf Life Saving Australia, 789 Bot Rd, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM abradstreet@slsa.asn.au OI Drozdzewski, Danielle/0000-0001-6802-0540; Turner, Ian/0000-0001-9884-6917 FU Australian Research Council [LP110200134]; Surf Life Saving Australia FX The work described in this publication was supported by the Australian Research Council Linkage Grant Project LP110200134 and Surf Life Saving Australia. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2014 SI 72 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.2112/SI72-016.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AY0GI UT WOS:000347275100016 ER PT J AU Buckhout-White, S Spillmann, CM Algar, WR Khachatrian, A Melinger, JS Goldman, ER Ancona, MG Medintz, IL AF Buckhout-White, Susan Spillmann, Christopher M. Algar, W. Russ Khachatrian, Ani Melinger, Joseph S. Goldman, Ellen R. Ancona, Mario G. Medintz, Igor L. TI Assembling programmable FRET-based photonic networks using designer DNA scaffolds SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; WIRES; DENDRIMER; POLYFLUOROPHORES; MOLECULES; JUNCTIONS AB DNA demonstrates a remarkable capacity for creating designer nanostructures and devices. A growing number of these structures utilize Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) as part of the device's functionality, readout or characterization, and, as device sophistication increases so do the concomitant FRET requirements. Here we create multi-dye FRET cascades and assess how well DNA can marshal organic dyes into nanoantennae that focus excitonic energy. We evaluate 36 increasingly complex designs including linear, bifurcated, Holliday junction, 8-arm star and dendrimers involving up to five different dyes engaging in four-consecutive FRET steps, while systematically varying fluorophore spacing by Forster distance (R-0). Decreasing R-0 while augmenting cross-sectional collection area with multiple donors significantly increases terminal exciton delivery efficiency within dendrimers compared with the first linear constructs. Forster modelling confirms that best results are obtained when there are multiple interacting FRET pathways rather than independent channels by which excitons travel from initial donor(s) to final acceptor. C1 [Buckhout-White, Susan; Spillmann, Christopher M.; Algar, W. Russ; Goldman, Ellen R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Buckhout-White, Susan] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Khachatrian, Ani; Melinger, Joseph S.; Ancona, Mario G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU NSERC FX We acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the NRL Nanosciences Institute. W.R.A. is grateful to NSERC for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 70 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 15 U2 95 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 AR 5615 DI 10.1038/ncomms6615 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AX9MA UT WOS:000347225600001 PM 25504073 ER PT J AU Mabry, TJ AF Mabry, Tristan James TI The European Union as Crisis Manager: Patterns and Prospects SO PERSPECTIVES ON POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Mabry, Tristan James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mabry, TJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1537-5927 EI 1541-0986 J9 PERSPECT POLIT JI Perspect. Polit. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 965 EP 967 DI 10.1017/S1537592714002898 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA AX1WP UT WOS:000346734400088 ER PT J AU Doherty, BJ AF Doherty, Brendan J. TI Presidential Reelection Fundraising from Jimmy Carter to Barack Obama SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID 2002 CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Doherty, BJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3195 EI 1538-165X J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 129 IS 4 BP 585 EP 612 DI 10.1002/polq.12253 PG 28 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA AX1MI UT WOS:000346710700002 ER PT J AU Lindley, BS Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Lindley, Brandon S. Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Rare-event extinction on stochastic networks SO EPL LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT EPIDEMICS; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; TIME AB We consider the problem of extinction processes on random networks with a given structure. For sufficiently large well-mixed populations, the process of extinction of one or more state variable components occurs in the tail of the quasi-stationary probability distribution, thereby making it a rare event. Here we show how to extend the theory of large deviations to random networks to predict extinction times. In particular, we use the theory to find the most probable path leading to extinction. We apply the methodology to epidemic models and discover how mean extinction times scale with epidemiological and network parameters in Erdos-Renyi networks. The results are shown to compare quite well with Monte Carlo simulations of the network in predicting both the most probable paths to extinction and mean extinction times. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014 C1 [Lindley, Brandon S.; Schwartz, Ira B.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Lindley, BS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NRL base funding [N0001414WX00023]; Office of Naval Research [N0001414WX20610]; Army Research Office; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM090204]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX BSL was a National Research Council post doctoral fellow. IBS was supported by NRL base funding (N0001414WX00023) and Office of Naval Research (N0001414WX20610). LBS was supported by the Army Research Office, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and by Award No. R01GM090204 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD DEC PY 2014 VL 108 IS 5 AR 58008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/108/58008 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX2RR UT WOS:000346792400040 ER PT J AU Kompella, S Nguyen, GD Kam, C Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. Kam, Clement Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony TI Cooperation in Cognitive Underlay Networks: Stable Throughput Tradeoffs SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Cognitive shared channels; dominant systems; interacting queues; multipacket reception; stable throughput; wireless networks ID INFORMATION-THEORETIC PERSPECTIVE; MULTIPACKET RECEPTION; WIRELESS NETWORKS; MULTIPLE-ACCESS; SLOTTED ALOHA; STABILITY; CHANNELS; PROTOCOL; RADIO; CAPABILITY AB This paper addresses fundamental issues in a shared channel where the users have different priority levels. In particular, we study a two-user cognitive shared channel consisting of a primary (higher-priority) and a secondary user, operating in the cognitive underlay fashion, but in a novel way where interference suffered by the primary user is compensated by requiring the secondary user to cooperatively relay some of the primary's packets. We start by analyzing the case of no node cooperation, where nodes transmit their own packets to their respective destinations. We then extend the analysis to a system in which the secondary node acts as a relay for the primary user, in addition to serving its own packets. Specifically, in the cognitive cooperation case, the secondary node forwards those packets to the primary destination that it receives successfully from the primary source. In such cognitive shared channels, a tradeoff arises in terms of activating the secondary along with the primary so that both transmissions may be successful, but with a lower probability, compared to the case of the secondary node staying idle when the primary user transmits. Results show the benefits of relaying for both the primary as well as the secondary nodes in terms of the stable-throughput region. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.; Kam, Clement] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil; gam.nguyen@nrl.navy.mil; Clement.Kam@nrl.navy.mil; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mi; etony@umd.edu FU ONR; OSD ASD(RE) FX The work of S. Kompella, G. D. Nguyen, and C. Kam was supported in part by the ONR and the OSD ASD(R&E). NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6692 EI 1558-2566 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1756 EP 1768 DI 10.1109/TNET.2013.2284788 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2SZ UT WOS:000346796000005 ER PT J AU Morabito, MG AF Morabito, M. G. TI Empirical Equations for Planing Hull Bottom Pressures SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE planing hull; pressures; fluid-structure interaction ID SPEED; WATER AB Recently there has been increasing interest in the fluid structure interaction problem of planing hull bottom structure during slamming events. Significant work has been done in estimating the bottom pressures that occur during a slam and incorporating this into structural models of planing craft. In this article, empirical equations for the pressure distribution on prismatic planing hulls are developed, including both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects, deadrise variation, trim, and wetted length. The empirical method is based on relevant experimental measurements of planing hull bottom pressures that have been made over an 80-year period. This analysis may readily be extended to the impact problem by substitution of an equivalent planing velocity, which is discussed in the article. The end result is a closed form solution for bottom pressures on prismatic planing craft that can be rapidly calculated using a simple spreadsheet. The method is applicable for deadrise angles from 0 degrees to 40 degrees, trim angles up to 30 degrees, and wetted lengths up to five beams. This wide range of parameters is significantly larger than most current models. The empirical method is modular, allowing for substitution of more accurate formulae as more data become available in the future. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Morabito, MG (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Office of Naval Research, Atlantic Center for the Innovative Design and Control of Small Ships [N00014-10-1-065] FX I thank Dr. Raju Datla and Dr. Daniel Savitsky of Stevens Institute of Technology for consistent support and guidance throughout this project. This project was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research, Atlantic Center for the Innovative Design and Control of Small Ships, Award #N00014-10-1-065, Project Manager Kelly Cooper. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 EI 1542-0604 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 58 IS 4 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.5957/JOSR.58.4.140006 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AX4GZ UT WOS:000346892800001 ER PT J AU Fromille, S Phillips, J AF Fromille, Samuel Phillips, Jonathan TI Super Dielectric Materials SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE capacitor; dielectric; energy ID IRON PENTACARBONYL DECOMPOSITION; BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; BATIO3-NI COMPOSITES; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; CONSTANT; WATER; ADSORPTION; FIELD; SUPERCAPACITOR; ENHANCEMENT AB Evidence is provided here that a class of materials with dielectric constants greater than 10(5) at low frequency (<10(-2) Hz), herein called super dielectric materials (SDM), can be generated readily from common, inexpensive materials. Specifically it is demonstrated that high surface area alumina powders, loaded to the incipient wetness point with a solution of boric acid dissolved in water, have dielectric constants, near 0 Hz, greater than 4 x 10(8) in all cases, a remarkable increase over the best dielectric constants previously measured for energy storage capabilities, ca. 1 x 10(4). It is postulated that any porous, electrically insulating material (e.g., high surface area powders of silica, titania, etc.), filled with a liquid containing a high concentration of ionic species will potentially be an SDM. Capacitors created with the first generated SDM dielectrics (alumina with boric acid solution), herein called New Paradigm Super (NPS) capacitors display typical electrostatic capacitive behavior, such as increasing capacitance with decreasing thickness, and can be cycled, but are limited to a maximum effective operating voltage of about 0.8 V. A simple theory is presented: Water containing relatively high concentrations of dissolved ions saturates all, or virtually all, the pores (average diameter 500 angstrom) of the alumina. In an applied field the positive ionic species migrate to the cathode end, and the negative ions to the anode end of each drop. This creates giant dipoles with high charge, hence leading to high dielectric constant behavior. At about 0.8 V, water begins to break down, creating enough ionic species to "short" the individual water droplets. Potentially NPS capacitor stacks can surpass "supercapacitors" in volumetric energy density. C1 [Fromille, Samuel; Phillips, Jonathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sfromille@gmail.com; jphillip@nps.edu FU Energy Expeditionary Office of the US Marine Corporation FX Partial support for this work was obtained from the Energy Expeditionary Office of the US Marine Corporation. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 91 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 8197 EP 8212 DI 10.3390/ma7128197 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AX2TG UT WOS:000346796800035 ER PT J AU Piepmeier, JA Firebaugh, S Olsen, CS AF Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong Firebaugh, Samara Olsen, Caitlin S. TI Uncalibrated Visual Servo Control of Magnetically Actuated Microrobots in a Fluid Environment SO MICROMACHINES LA English DT Article DE microelectromechanical devices; microrobots; uncalibrated visual servoing ID DIMENSIONS; SURFACES AB Microrobots have a number of potential applications for micromanipulation and assembly, but also offer challenges in power and control. This paper describes an uncalibrated vision-based control system for magnetically actuated microrobots operating untethered at the interface between two immiscible fluids. The microrobots are 20 mu m thick and approximately 100-200 mu m in lateral dimension. Several different robot shapes are investigated. The robots and fluid are in a 20 x 20 x 15 mm vial placed at the center of four electromagnets. Pulse width modulation of the electromagnet currents is used to control robot speed and direction. Given a desired position, a controller based on recursive least square estimation drives the microrobot to the goal without a priori knowledge of system parameters such as drag coefficients or intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. Results are verified experimentally using a variety of microrobot shapes and system configurations. C1 [Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong; Firebaugh, Samara; Olsen, Caitlin S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Piepmeier, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piepmeie@usna.edu; firebaug@usna.edu; caitlinolsen.co@gmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-666X J9 MICROMACHINES-BASEL JI Micromachines PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 BP 797 EP 813 DI 10.3390/mi5040797 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AX2TD UT WOS:000346796400001 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Mccormick, P Higgins, T Rangaswamy, M AF Blunt, Shannon D. Mccormick, Patrick Higgins, Thomas Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Physical emission of spatially-modulated radar SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE MIMO radar; phase coding; modulation; spatially-modulated radar; physical emission; arbitrary polyphase codes; spectrally well-contained waveforms; time-varying beampattern; MIMO radar; fixational eye movement; human eye; visual acuity enhancement; frequency-diverse array; pulsed radar; spatial modulation framework; sidelobe levels; angle domains; delay domains; spectral content; joint delay-angle emission design criteria; cognitive radar ID MIMO RADAR; DESIGN AB Leveraging the recent development of a physical implementation of arbitrary polyphase codes as spectrally well-contained waveforms, the notion of spatial modulation is developed whereby a time-varying beampattern is incorporated into the physical emission of an individual pulse. This subset of the broad category of MIMO radar is inspired by the operation of fixational eye movement within the human eye to enhance visual acuity and also subsumes the notion of the frequency-diverse array for application to pulsed radar. From this spatial modulation framework, some specific emission examples are evaluated in terms of resolution and sidelobe levels for the delay and angle domains. The impact of spatial modulation upon spectral content is also considered and possible joint delay-angle emission design criteria are suggested. Simulation results of selected target arrangements demonstrate the promise of enhanced discrimination and the basis for the development of future cognitive radar capabilities that may mimic salient aspects of the visual cortex. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Mccormick, Patrick] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Higgins, Thomas] US Naval Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, 2335 Irving Hill Rd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@ittc.ku.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Research Laboratory - Radar Division; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Naval Research Laboratory - Radar Division, and the Office of Naval Research base funding program. All views and opinions expressed here are the authors' own and do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1234 EP 1246 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0057 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AW6CG UT WOS:000346356500029 ER PT J AU Fellows, M Baylis, C Martin, J Cohen, L Marks, RJ AF Fellows, Matthew Baylis, Charles Martin, Joshua Cohen, Lawrence Marks, Robert J., II TI Direct algorithm for the Pareto load-pull optimisation of power-added efficiency and adjacent-channel power ratio SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE Pareto optimisation; radar transmitters; power amplifiers; adaptive radar; radio spectrum management; electromagnetic wave reflection; adjacent channel interference; Pareto load pull optimisation; direct optimisation algorithm; power added efficiency; adjacent channel power ratio; adaptive radar system; spectrum requirements; power amplifier load reflection coefficient; Pareto optimum; PAE; radar transmitter ID MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; AMPLIFIER AB Adaptive radar systems will be required to operate in different frequency bands with spectrum requirements that will likely change both in time and with geographic region. A new algorithm is presented that allows direct optimisation of an amplifier's load reflection coefficient to find a Pareto optimum between the power-added efficiency (PAE) and adjacent-channel power ratio. Comparisons of simulation and measurement results are presented. The new algorithm's results compare well with traditionally acquired data and show consistency between the optimum values for PAE that are obtained from different starting points. Measurement comparison is performed with the previous optimisation algorithm reported by the authors, and results show that up to a 50% reduction in the number of measured experimental queries can be obtained. This translates into a significant time savings in reconfiguring a radar transmitter power amplifier. C1 [Fellows, Matthew; Baylis, Charles; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Martin, Joshua] L 3 Commun, Waco, TX USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Fellows, M (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Charles_Baylis@baylor.edu FU United States Naval Research Laboratory; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work has been funded in part by a grant from the United States Naval Research Laboratory to Baylor University. The authors wish to thank our NAVSEA 05H sponsor Mr. Douglas Knapman, as well as Agilent Technologies for donation of the Advanced Design System software, and Modelithics for donation of the simulation device model libraries used in this work through the Modelithics University Program.; This work was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1280 EP 1287 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2013.0235 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AW6CG UT WOS:000346356500033 ER PT J AU Mertoguno, JS AF Mertoguno, J. Sukarno TI Human Decision Making Model for Autonomic Cyber Systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS LA English DT Article DE Statistical learning; formal reasoning; hybrid statistical-formal; close loop autonomy; real-time autonomy AB Real-time autonomy is a key element for system which closes the loop between observation, interpretation, planning, and action, commonly found in UxV, robotics, smart vehicle technologies, automated industrial machineries, and autonomic computing. Real-time autonomic cyber system requires timely and accurate decision making and adaptive planning. Autonomic decision making understands its own state and the perceived state of its environment. It is capable of anticipating changes and future states and projecting the effects of actions into future states. Understanding of current state and the knowledge/model of the world are needed for extrapolating actions and deriving action plans. This position paper proposes a hybrid, statistical-formal approach toward achieving real-time autonomy. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mertoguno, JS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM sukarno.mertoguno@navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2130 EI 1793-6349 J9 INT J ARTIF INTELL T JI Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 SI SI AR 1460023 DI 10.1142/S0218213014600239 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA AX4OL UT WOS:000346911500005 ER PT J AU Lin, YC Chang, CYS Ghosh, RK Li, J Zhu, H Addou, R Diaconescu, B Ohta, T Peng, X Lu, N Kim, MJ Robinson, JT Wallace, RM Mayer, TS Datta, S Li, LJ Robinson, JA AF Lin, Yu-Chuan Chang, Chih-Yuan S. Ghosh, Ram Krishna Li, Jie Zhu, Hui Addou, Rafik Diaconescu, Bogdan Ohta, Taisuke Peng, Xin Lu, Ning Kim, Moon J. Robinson, Jeremy T. Wallace, Robert M. Mayer, Theresa S. Datta, Suman Li, Lain-Jong Robinson, Joshua A. TI Atomically Thin Heterostructures Based on Single-Layer Tungsten Diselenide and Graphene SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE direct growth; heterostructures; graphene; tungsten diselenide (WSe2); LEED/LEEM; electron tunneling; conductive AFM ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; DER-WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURES; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; MONOLAYER MOS2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH AB Heterogeneous engineering of two-dimensional layered materials, including metallic graphene and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, presents an exciting opportunity to produce highly tunable electronic and optoelectronic systems. In order to engineer pristine layers and their interfaces, epitaxial growth of such heterostructures is required. We report the direct growth of crystalline, monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) on epitaxial graphene (EG) grown from silicon carbide. Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and scanning tunneling microscopy confirm high-quality WSe2 monolayers, whereas transmission electron microscopy shows an atomically sharp interface, and low energy electron diffraction confirms near perfect orientation between WSe2 and EG. Vertical transport measurements across the WSe2/EG heterostructure provides evidence that an additional barrier to carrier transport beyond the expected WSe2/EG band offset exists due to the interlayer gap, which is supported by theoretical local density of states (LDOS) calculations using self-consistent density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Greens function (NEGF). C1 [Lin, Yu-Chuan; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Yu-Chuan; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chang, Chih-Yuan S.; Li, Lain-Jong] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Ghosh, Ram Krishna; Li, Jie; Mayer, Theresa S.; Datta, Suman] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhu, Hui; Addou, Rafik; Peng, Xin; Lu, Ning; Kim, Moon J.; Wallace, Robert M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Diaconescu, Bogdan; Ohta, Taisuke] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, Lain-Jong] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. RP Li, LJ (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM lance.li@kaust.edu.sa; jrobinson@psu.edu RI Li, Lain-Jong/D-5244-2011; Lu, Ning/H-2351-2012; Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010; Addou, Rafik/C-8992-2013; Wallace, Robert/A-5283-2008 OI Li, Lain-Jong/0000-0002-4059-7783; Addou, Rafik/0000-0002-5454-0315; Wallace, Robert/0000-0001-5566-4806 FU Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST); STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program - MARCO; STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program - DARPA; Southwest Academy on Nanoelectronics (SWAN) a SRC center - Nanoelectronics Research Initiative; Southwest Academy on Nanoelectronics (SWAN) a SRC center - NIST; NRL Base Programs through the Office of Naval Research; US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Sandia LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Academia Sinica Taiwan; KAUST Saudi Arabia; US [AOARD-134137] FX The work at Penn State and UT Dallas was supported by the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six centers supported by the STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. Work at UT-Dallas was also supported by the Southwest Academy on Nanoelectronics (SWAN) a SRC center sponsored by the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative and NIST. Device fabrication was supported by the Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute Nanofabrication Lab and the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. ECS-0335765. J.T.R. acknowledges support by NRL Base Programs through the Office of Naval Research. The work at SNL was supported by the US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering and by Sandia LDRD. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. L.J.L. acknowledges the support from Academia Sinica Taiwan, KAUST Saudi Arabia, and US AOARD-134137. Support for the WiteC Raman system, Bruker Dimension AFM, and nanofabrication facilities was provided by the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Net- work at Penn State. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 23 U2 286 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6936 EP 6941 DI 10.1021/nl503144a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AW5NY UT WOS:000346322800029 PM 25383798 ER PT J AU Lin, KY Atkinson, MP Glazebrook, KD AF Lin, Kyle Y. Atkinson, Michael P. Glazebrook, Kevin D. TI Optimal Patrol to Uncover Threats in Time When Detection is Imperfect SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE surveillance; infrastructure protection; search and detection; Lagrangian relaxation; approximate dynamic programming ID ALLOCATION; ALGORITHMS; MODEL AB Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policiesbased on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programmingwhich typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557-576, 2014 C1 [Lin, Kyle Y.; Atkinson, Michael P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Glazebrook, Kevin D.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Management Sci, Sch Management, Lancaster LA1 4YX, England. RP Lin, KY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kylin@nps.edu OI Glazebrook, Kevin/0000-0002-5045-0718 FU Office of Naval Research FX This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X EI 1520-6750 J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 8 BP 557 EP 576 DI 10.1002/nav.21603 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA AW4KU UT WOS:000346250900001 ER PT J AU Suselj, K Hogan, TF Teixeira, J AF Suselj, Kay Hogan, Timothy F. Teixeira, Joao TI Implementation of a Stochastic Eddy-Diffusivity/Mass-Flux Parameterization into the Navy Global Environmental Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Convective parameterization; Parameterization; Stochastic models; Subgrid-scale processes ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; PDF-BASED MODEL; UNIFIED PARAMETERIZATION; TURBULENCE CLOSURE; MOIST CONVECTION; PART II; SINGLE-COLUMN; TRANSPORT; PARAMETRIZATION AB A unified boundary layer and shallow convection parameterization based on a stochastic eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux (EDMF) approach is implemented and tested in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM). The primary goals of this work are to improve the representation of convectively driven boundary layers and the coupling between the boundary layer and cumulus regions. Within the EDMF framework the subgrid vertical fluxes are calculated as a sum of an eddy-diffusivity part, which in the current implementation is based on the approach developed by Louis in the late 1970s, and a stochastic mass-flux parameterization. The mass-flux parameterization is a model for both dry and moist convective thermals. Dry thermals, which represent surface-forced coherent structures in a flow, provide countergradient mixing in the boundary layer and, if conditions permit, are the roots for moist thermals. Moist thermals represent shallow convective clouds. The new parameterization implemented in a single-column model (SCM) version of NAVGEM is shown to be able to realistically simulate a variety of dry and moist convective cases. The NAVGEM SCM results are validated against large-eddy-simulation results. The skill of NAVGEM as a global weather forecasting model is considerably improved with the new EDMF parameterization. The EDMF parameterization became part of the operational NAVGEM in November 2013. C1 [Suselj, Kay; Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hogan, Timothy F.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Suselj, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM kay.suselj@jpl.nasa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411IP20087, N0001411IP20069, N0001413WX20163]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We acknowledge the support provided by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program, under Awards N0001411IP20087, N0001411IP20069, and N0001413WX20163. This work was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1390 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00043.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5ZG UT WOS:000346348800008 ER PT J AU Chin, J AF Chin, John TI Female With Asymmetrically Dilated Right Pupil SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 64 IS 6 BP 684 EP + DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.04.016 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA AW3YZ UT WOS:000346220200027 PM 25454568 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Anderson, TJ Feigelson, BN Hite, JK Bussmann, KM Eddy, CR Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Anderson, Travis J. Feigelson, Boris N. Hite, Jennifer K. Bussmann, Konrad M. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. TI Comparison of AIN encapsulants for high-temperature GaN annealing SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ALN ENCAPSULANT; ACTIVATION; GROWTH AB Four different capping structures for high-temperature annealing of GaN were studied. The studied caps included a two-layer MOCVD-deposited cap and three different MOCVD + sputtered layer capping structures. After an annealing pulse of 1500 degrees C, the MOCVD cap surface roughened due to decomposition of the underlying GaN. GaN decomposition was evident via observation of thermal decomposition pits after etching of the AIN caps. It was found that the combination of an MOCVD cap with a sputtered cap greatly reduced the amount of GaN decomposition as the density of thermal etch pits decreased by 99.4%. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Fellow Residing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Bussmann, Konrad M.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Postdoctoral Fellow Residing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jordan.greenlee.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 AR 121003 DI 10.7567/APEX.7.121003 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AW2MM UT WOS:000346122300003 ER PT J AU Barth, M Rayner, GB McDonnell, S Wallace, RM Bennett, BR Engel-Herbert, R Datta, S AF Barth, Michael Rayner, G. Bruce, Jr. McDonnell, Stephen Wallace, Robert M. Bennett, Brian R. Engel-Herbert, Roman Datta, Suman TI High quality HfO2/p-GaSb(001) metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with 0.8 nm equivalent oxide thickness SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GASB; HYDROGEN AB We investigate in-situ cleaning of GaSb surfaces and its effect on the electrical performance of p-type GaSb metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) using a remote hydrogen plasma. Ultrathin HfO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition were used as a high permittivity gate dielectric. Compared to conventional ex-situ chemical cleaning methods, the in-situ GaSb surface treatment resulted in a drastic improvement in the impedance characteristics of the MOSCAPs, directly evidencing a much lower interface trap density and enhanced Fermi level movement efficiency. We demonstrate that by using a combination of ex-situ and in-situ surface cleaning steps, aggressively scaled HfO2/p-GaSb MOSCAP structures with a low equivalent oxide thickness of 0.8 nm and efficient gate modulation of the surface potential are achieved, allowing to push the Fermi level far away from the valence band edge high up into the band gap of GaSb. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Barth, Michael; Datta, Suman] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rayner, G. Bruce, Jr.] Kurt J Lesker Co, Pittsburgh, PA 15025 USA. [McDonnell, Stephen; Wallace, Robert M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Bennett, Brian R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. [Engel-Herbert, Roman] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Engel-Herbert, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rue2@psu.edu; sdatta@engr.psu.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; McDonnell, Stephen/E-1868-2011; Wallace, Robert/A-5283-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; McDonnell, Stephen/0000-0001-9173-2060; Wallace, Robert/0000-0001-5566-4806 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-12-1-0026] FX The authors thank Ke Wang from the Materials Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University for his help with transmission electron microscopy. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Award No. HDTRA1-12-1-0026. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 22 AR 222103 DI 10.1063/1.4903068 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AW4QH UT WOS:000346265200039 ER PT J AU Kindberg, AA Bendriem, RM Spivak, CE Chen, J Handreck, A Lupica, CR Liu, J Freed, WJ Lee, CT AF Kindberg, Abigail A. Bendriem, Raphael M. Spivak, Charles E. Chen, Jia Handreck, Annelie Lupica, Carl R. Liu, Jinny Freed, William J. Lee, Chun-Ting TI An in vitro model of human neocortical development using pluripotent stem cells: cocaine-induced cytoarchitectural alterations SO DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS LA English DT Article DE Neocortical development; Dorsal forebrain model; hPSCs; Cocaine; Premature neuronal differentiation ID DEVELOPING CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; SIGMA-1 RECEPTOR; LAMINAR FATE; INTERNEURONS; NEURONS; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION; MONKEY; MOUSE AB Neocortical development involves ordered specification of forebrain cortical progenitors to various neuronal subtypes, ultimately forming the layered cortical structure. Modeling of this process using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would enable mechanistic studies of human neocortical development, while providing new avenues for exploration of developmental neocortical abnormalities. Here, we show that preserving hPSCs aggregates - allowing embryoid body formation - while adding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) during neuroepithelial development generates neural rosettes showing dorsal forebrain identity, including Mash1(+) dorsal telencephalic GABAergic progenitors. Structures that mirrored the organization of the cerebral cortex formed after rosettes were seeded and cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of FGF18, BDNF and NT3. Neurons migrated along radial glia scaffolding, with deep-layer CTIP2(+) cortical neurons appearing after 1 week and upper-layer SATB2(+) cortical neurons forming during the second and third weeks. At the end of differentiation, these structures contained both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, with glutamatergic neurons being most abundant. Thus, this differentiation protocol generated an hPSC-based model that exhibits temporal patterning and a neuronal subtype ratio similar to that of the developing human neocortex. This model was used to examine the effects of cocaine during neocorticogenesis. Cocaine caused premature neuronal differentiation and enhanced neurogenesis of various cortical neuronal subtypes. These cocaine-induced changes were inhibited by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor cimetidine. This in vitro model enables mechanistic studies of neocorticogenesis, and can be used to examine the mechanisms through which cocaine alters the development of the human neocortex. C1 [Kindberg, Abigail A.; Bendriem, Raphael M.; Spivak, Charles E.; Chen, Jia; Lupica, Carl R.; Freed, William J.; Lee, Chun-Ting] NIDA, Cellular Neurobiol Res Branch, Intramural Res Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. [Handreck, Annelie] Univ Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Pharm, D-30173 Hannover, Germany. [Liu, Jinny] US Naval Res Lab, Center Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, CT (reprint author), NIDA, Cellular Neurobiol Res Branch, Intramural Res Program, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. EM clee@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) FX This work was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-8403 EI 1754-8411 J9 DIS MODEL MECH JI Dis. Model. Mech. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1405 DI 10.1242/dmm.017251 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA AW2AL UT WOS:000346090500009 PM 25288682 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, Craig C. TI Ships of Oak, Guns of Iron: The War of 1812 and the Forging of an American Navy. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 [Felker, Craig C.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Felker, CC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0018-2370 EI 1540-6563 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 2014 VL 76 IS 4 BP 839 EP 840 DI 10.1111/hisn.12054_30 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AW3BI UT WOS:000346160100033 ER PT J AU Augier, M Knudsen, T Mcnab, RM AF Augier, Mie Knudsen, Thorbjorn McNab, Robert M. TI Advancing the field of organizations through the study of military organizations SO INDUSTRIAL AND CORPORATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PERSPECTIVE; INTEGRATION; STRATEGY; CULTURE AB This article argues that the field of organization studies may learn from closer study of decision-making and behaviors in military organizations. It describes some of the intellectual roots of organizational studies within a strategic, military context; discusses some recent characteristics of strategic competition that organization scholars may find fruitful to study; and view some of the key contemporary challenges in military organizations through the lens of strategic organization design, a framework the builds on, and integrates, several streams of research in organizational behavior that have implications for, and influence, how organizations make strategic decisions. C1 [Augier, Mie; McNab, Robert M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. [Knudsen, Thorbjorn] Univ Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. RP Augier, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM maugier@nps.edu; tok@sam.sdu.dk; rmmcnab@nps.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0960-6491 EI 1464-3650 J9 IND CORP CHANGE JI Ind. Corp. Change PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1444 DI 10.1093/icc/dtt059 PG 28 WC Business; Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA AW1FM UT WOS:000346035800002 ER PT J AU Choi, SR Faucett, DC Alexander, DJ AF Choi, Sung R. Faucett, D. Calvin Alexander, Donald J. TI Foreign Object Damage by Spherical Steel Projectiles in an N720/Alumina Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; SIC/SIC COMPOSITE; FIBER COMPOSITES; BALL PROJECTILES; PARTICLE IMPACT; BEHAVIOR; INDENTATION; PERFORMANCE; AMBIENT AB Foreign object-damage (FOD) phenomena of an N720/alumina oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC), impacted by 1.59-mm spherical chrome steel projectiles up to Mach 1, were assessed at ambient temperature at a normal incidence angle in both partial and full supports. The impact damage was in the form of craters, matrix/fiber tow breakage, compaction of the material, delamination and cone cracks, and their occurrence and degree depended on both impact velocity and type of target supports. The partial support resulted in significant damage with increasing impact velocity, accompanying substantial strength degradation. The presence of tensile stress and presumably stress wave interaction at the backside of a target could have been responsible for greater impact damage in partial support. Although the CMC targets impacted at 340m/s were on the verge of being penetrated, the targets still survived catastrophic failure retaining about 68% of the as-received strength, indicative of relatively superior FOD resistance as compared to monolithic ceramic counterparts. A quasi-static analysis of impact force prediction was made based on the energy balance principle and was validated indirectly using the experimental data on frontal impact damage size. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Faucett, D. Calvin; Alexander, Donald J.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge the continued supports by the Office of Naval Research and Dr. David Shifler. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 97 IS 12 BP 3926 EP 3934 DI 10.1111/jace.13197 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AW2EA UT WOS:000346099800033 ER PT J AU Cao, X Li, T Peng, M Chen, W Chen, GH AF Cao, Xi Li, Tim Peng, Melinda Chen, Wen Chen, Guanghua TI Effects of Monsoon Trough Intraseasonal Oscillation on Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; PART I; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; MODULATION; MODEL; INTENSITY; EQUATION; GENESIS; TYPHOON AB The effects of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of the western North Pacific (WNP) monsoon trough on tropical cyclone (TC) formation were investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) Model. A weak vortex was specified initially and inserted into the background fields containing climatological-mean anomalies associated with active and inactive phases of monsoon trough ISOs. The diagnosis of simulations showed that monsoon trough ISO can modulate TC development through both dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The dynamic impact is attributed to the lower midtropospheric large-scale vorticity associated with monsoon trough ISO. Interactions between cyclonic vorticity in the lower middle troposphere during the active ISO phase and a vortex lead to the generation of vortex-scale outflow at the midlevel, which promotes the upward penetration of friction-induced ascending motion and thus upward moisture transport. In addition, the low-level convergence associated with active ISO also helps the upward moisture transport. Both processes contribute to stronger diabatic heating and thus promote a positive convection circulation moisture feedback. On the other hand, the large-scale flow associated with inactive ISO suppresses upward motion near the core by inducing the midlevel inflow and the divergence forcing within the boundary layer, both inhibiting TC development. The thermodynamic impact comes from greater background specific humidity associated with active ISO that allows a stronger diabatic heating. Experiments that separated the dynamic and thermodynamic impacts of the ISO showed that the thermodynamic anomaly from active ISO contributes more to TC development, while the dynamic anomalies from inactive ISO can inhibit vortex development completely. C1 [Cao, Xi; Chen, Wen; Chen, Guanghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Monsoon Syst Res, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cao, Xi; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cao, Xi; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Int Lab Climate & Environm Change, CDRC ESMC, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Peng, Melinda] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu RI Chen, Wen/G-6058-2011 OI Chen, Wen/0000-0001-9327-9079 FU China National 973 Project [2015CB453200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475084, 41275001]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-1210450]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1106536]; International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) FX X.C. would like to thank Prof. Xuyang Ge for his assistance in numerical model simulation. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This study was supported by China National 973 Project 2015CB453200; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41475084 and 41275001); Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-1210450; National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1106536; and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), which is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 245 EP 266 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0407.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9BF UT WOS:000345886100015 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Abarca, SF Smith, RK Wu, CC Huang, YH AF Montgomery, Michael T. Abarca, Sergio F. Smith, Roger K. Wu, Chun-Chieh Huang, Yi-Hsuan TI Comments on "How Does the Boundary Layer Contribute to Eyewall Replacement Cycles in Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclones?" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; PART II; DYNAMICS; MODEL; JETS; CORE C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.; Abarca, Sergio F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Huang, Yi-Hsuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Root Hall,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu OI Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0733380]; National Research Council (NRC); Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 101-2111-M-002-008-MY3]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30-23] FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Award AGS 0733380. Sergio F. Abarca gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Research Council (NRC), through its Research Associateship Program, and the host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. Chun-Chieh Wu and Yi-Hsuan Huang are supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through Grant NSC 101-2111-M-002-008-MY3. RKS acknowledges financial support for this research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under Grant SM30-23. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 288 EP 297 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0286.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9BF UT WOS:000345886100017 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Baker, C Villalobos, G Frantz, J Shaw, B Sadowski, B Hunt, M Aggarwal, I Sanghera, J AF Kim, Woohong Baker, Colin Villalobos, Guillermo Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Sadowski, Bryan Hunt, Michael Aggarwal, Ishwar Sanghera, Jasbinder TI Highly transparent ceramics obtained from jet milled sesquioxide powders synthesized by co-precipitation method SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER; MICROSTRUCTURE; EFFICIENCY AB High purity Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 powder has been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The powders underwent a jet milling at various feed rate using a commercial jet mill machine. It is found that jet milling is very effective in breaking up of large agglomerates without cross-contamination. Median agglomerate size decreased from 8.74 mu m to 1.06 mu m when jet milled at a feed rate 0.75 lb/hr. There was no noticeable increase in impurities picked up during the jet milling process in the final powder obtained after a sacrificial run that was carried out for the purpose of conditioning the surface of the liner. Homogeneous, uniform, and highly transparent ceramic was obtained from the ceramic hot pressed with the final jet milled powder compared to the one made from as-produced powder where some defects and splotches are often observed. Transmission of the Yb3+: Lu2O3 ceramics obtained from the jet milled powder is very close to the theoretical limit, demonstrating the excellent quality of the transparent ceramic. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Woohong; Baker, Colin; Villalobos, Guillermo; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] bSotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2497 EP 2503 DI 10.1364/OME.4.002497 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AW1EU UT WOS:000346034100005 ER PT J AU Busse, LE Florea, CM Frantz, JA Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Poutous, MK Joshi, R Sanghera, JS AF Busse, Lynda E. Florea, Catalin M. Frantz, Jesse A. Shaw, L. Brandon Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Poutous, Menelaos K. Joshi, Rajendra Sanghera, Jas S. TI Anti-reflective surface structures for spinel ceramics and fused silica windows, lenses and optical fibers SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Anti-reflective surfaces structures (ARSS) have been successfully fabricated on fused silica windows, lenses and fibers, and spinel ceramics. The reflection loss for spinel was reduced from 7% per surface to 0.9%. For fused silica with ARSS, the reflection loss was reduced to 0.02% near 1 mu m. Pulsed laser damage thresholds at 1.06 mu m were measured and thresholds as high as 100 J/cm(2) were obtained for fused silica windows of up to 10 cm in diameter with ARSS and 850 J/cm(2) for silica fibers with ARSS on the end faces. Spinel samples with ARSS showed damage thresholds more than two times higher than that of spinel with traditional AR coatings. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Busse, Lynda E.; Frantz, Jesse A.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jas S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Florea, Catalin M.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Poutous, Menelaos K.; Joshi, Rajendra] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Busse, LE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lynda.busse@nrl.navy.mil FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL) FX The authors acknowledge support for this work from the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL) and some of the ARSS fabrication as provided by TelAztec, Inc. and the laser damage testing conducted by Spica Technologies, Inc. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2504 EP 2515 DI 10.1364/OME.4.002504 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AW1EU UT WOS:000346034100006 ER PT J AU Fuller, ME AF Fuller, Mark E. TI A battery model for constant-power discharge including rate effects SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Battery model; State-of-charge; Rate-effect; Primary alkaline battery ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; EQUATION AB A battery discharge model is developed to predict terminal voltage and current for a constant-power discharge. The model accounts for the impact of discharge rate on the effective capacity. The model utilizes empirically-determined coefficients, easily obtainable from product data sheets. The model is intended to provide estimates for initial predictions and system sizing; total computational and engineering costs to develop the inputs and obtain results are low. Comparison of model predictions with experimental data in the development and testing of alkaline primary cell battery packs shows good agreement. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Fuller, ME (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM mark.e.fuller1@navy.mil OI Fuller, Mark/0000-0003-0002-0717 FU United States Department of Defense component organizations FX This work was conducted at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. All funding was provided by United States Department of Defense component organizations. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 EI 1879-2227 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 88 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.015 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA AU6PU UT WOS:000345725400020 ER PT J AU Hagerott, M AF Hagerott, Mark TI Stuxnet and the vital role of critical infrastructure operators and engineers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION LA English DT Article C1 US Naval Acad, Ctr Cyber Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hagerott, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Ctr Cyber Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hagerott@usna.edu NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-5482 EI 2212-2087 J9 INT J CRIT INFR PROT JI Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 244 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.09.001 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AW0WS UT WOS:000346012500004 ER PT J AU Chadwick, JL Sridhara, S Goodrich, J Mitchell, AO Gessler, EM AF Chadwick, Jonathan L. Sridhara, Shankar Goodrich, Jennifer Mitchell, Allen O. Gessler, Eric M. TI Humanitarian Otolaryngology: A Navy Hospital Ship Experience SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE humanitarian; otolaryngology; medical mission ID MISSIONS AB The USNS Comfort (T-AH-20) is 1 of 2 United States Navy hospital ships. In 2011, she deployed to 9 countries in Central and South America including Jamaica, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Haiti. Eight surgical specialties including otolaryngology were involved, for a combined total of about 150 cases per country. An advance team coordinated patients with the Host Nation to be seen for presurgical screening. Selected patients were then taken aboard the ship for surgery and recovered in either the ship's intensive care unit or ward. They were then discharged prior to ship embarkment to the next country. A total of 95 otolaryngology cases were performed during 9 mission stops. The mean number of procedures performed was 12 per country, with thyroidectomy being the most common. A wide variety of general otolaryngology procedures were performed without significant complications, markedly impacting the quality of life in these underserved countries. C1 [Chadwick, Jonathan L.; Mitchell, Allen O.; Gessler, Eric M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Sridhara, Shankar; Goodrich, Jennifer] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Gessler, EM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM eric.gessler@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 EI 1097-6817 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 151 IS 6 BP 960 EP 962 DI 10.1177/0194599814549159 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA AU8PS UT WOS:000345859300011 PM 25193516 ER PT J AU Tian, LG Dong, LT Bhavanam, S Phan, N Atluri, SN AF Tian, Longgang Dong, Leiting Bhavanam, Sharada Nam Phan Atluri, Satya N. TI Mixed-mode fracture & non-planar fatigue analyses of cracked I-beams, using a 3D SGBEM-FEM Alternating Method SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE SGBEM-FEM Alternating Method; I-beam; Stress intensity factor; Fatigue crack growth ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; FINITE-ELEMENT; SINGULAR TRACTION; GROWTH; ELASTICITY; MECHANICS; THICKNESS; INTEGRALS; COLUMNS; PLATES AB In the present paper, computations of mixed mode stress intensity factor (SIF) variations along the crack front, and fatigue-crack-growth simulations, in cracked I-beams, considering different load cases and initial crack configurations, are carried out by employing the three-dimensional SGBEM (Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method)-FEM (Finite Element Method) Alternating Method. For mode-I cracks in the I-beam, the computed SIFs by using the SGBEM-FEM Alternating Method are in very good agreement with available empirical solutions. The predicted fatigue life of cracked I-beams agrees well with experimental observations in the open literature. For mixed-mode cracks in the web or in the flange of the I-beams, no analytical or empirical solutions are available in the literature. Thus mixed-mode SIFs for mixed-mode web and flange cracks are presented, and non-planar fatigue growth simulations are given, as benchmark examples for future studies. Moreover, because very minimal efforts of preprocessing and very small computational burden are needed, the current SGBEM-FEM Alternating Method is very suitable for fracture and fatigue analyses of 3D structures such as I-beams. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Longgang] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Tian, Longgang; Bhavanam, Sharada; Atluri, Satya N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA USA. [Dong, Leiting] Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Nam Phan] Naval Air Syst Command, Struct Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Dong, LT (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM dong.leiting@gmail.com RI TIAN, Longgang/M-5826-2013; Dong, Leiting /D-7970-2013 OI TIAN, Longgang/0000-0003-4250-8083; Dong, Leiting /0000-0003-1460-1846 FU China Scholarship Council [201306260034]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB013800]; New Century Excellent Talents Project in China [NCET-12-0415] FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201306260034); National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; 2011CB013800); and New Century Excellent Talents Project in China (NCET-12-0415). NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 EI 1872-7638 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 74 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.tafmec.2014.10.002 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AU6OW UT WOS:000345723000021 ER PT J AU Sanabia, ER Barrett, BS Fine, CM AF Sanabia, Elizabeth R. Barrett, Bradford S. Fine, Caitlin M. TI Relationships between Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Eyewall Structure as Determined by Radial Profiles of Inner-Core Infrared Brightness Temperature SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; OBJECTIVE SCHEME; HURRICANE VORTEX; DVORAK TECHNIQUE; WATER-VAPOR; EVOLUTION; COMPOSITES; CONVECTION; TROPOPAUSE; TESTS AB Radial profiles of infrared brightness temperature for 2405 different satellite observations from 14 western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) from the 2012 season were analyzed and compared to intensity and changes in intensity. Four critical points along the inner core of each infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT) profile were identified: coldest cloud top (CCT), first overshooting top (FOT), and lower (L45) and upper (U45) extent of the inner eyewall. Radial movement of the mean CCT point outward with increasing TC intensity, combined with subsequent warming of the mean L45 point with intensity, highlighted structure changes that are consistent with eye and eyewall development. When stratified by latitude and vertical wind shear, the CCT point moved radially outward for all cases, notably at higher intensities for lower-latitude TCs and at lower intensities for higher-latitude TCs. The majority of the warming of the L45 point with increasing intensity occurred for low-latitude and low-shear cases. Slopes of IR BT between the four critical points were statistically significantly negatively correlated with intensity, indicating that stronger (weaker) TCs had more (less) negative slopes of IR BT and more (less) vertical eyewall profiles. Furthermore, except in high-shear cases, the most negative correlations were found in the inner eyewall, consistent with results from recent studies based on radar reconnaissance data. Finally, 12-h changes in slope were found to lead 12-h changes in intensity most often at higher latitudes, providing evidence that changes in the secondary TC circulation may lead changes in the primary TC circulation for both strengthening and weakening TCs. C1 [Sanabia, Elizabeth R.; Barrett, Bradford S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD USA. [Fine, Caitlin M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education's (ASEE) Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP); Naval Academy Research Council; Naval Academy Office of Midshipman Research FX The authors thank Jeffrey Hawkins, Kim Richardson, and the entire satellite group at the Naval Research Laboratory-Monterey for providing processed MTSAT-2 satellite data for the 2012 western North Pacific season. The authors also thank Mark DeMaria for his assistance with the shear criteria in the SHIPS developmental data. The authors are also grateful for the efforts of Cassandra Merino and Anna Haschert, who were funded by the American Society for Engineering Education's (ASEE) Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP), for their assistance in the early stages of the project. Partial support for this study was provided by the Naval Academy Research Council and the Naval Academy Office of Midshipman Research. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 142 IS 12 BP 4581 EP 4599 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00336.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU8QE UT WOS:000345860400013 ER PT J AU Dickens, JF Owens, BD Cameron, KL Kilcoyne, K Allred, CD Svoboda, SJ Sullivan, R Tokish, JM Peck, KY Rue, JP AF Dickens, Jonathan F. Owens, Brett D. Cameron, Kenneth L. Kilcoyne, Kelly Allred, C. Dain Svoboda, Steven J. Sullivan, Robert Tokish, John M. Peck, Karen Y. Rue, John-Paul TI Return to Play and Recurrent Instability After In-Season Anterior Shoulder Instability A Prospective Multicenter Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glenohumeral; anterior instability; in season; return ID ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR; FOLLOW-UP; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; INDEX WOSI; DISLOCATION; MANAGEMENT; STABILIZATION; 1ST-TIME; LESIONS; YOUNG AB Background: There is no consensus on the optimal treatment of in-season athletes with anterior shoulder instability, and limited data are available to guide return to play. Purpose: To examine the likelihood of return to sport and the recurrence of instability after an in-season anterior shoulder instability event based on the type of instability (subluxation vs dislocation). Additionally, injury factors and patient-reported outcome scores administered at the time of injury were evaluated to assess the predictability of eventual successful return to sport and time to return to sport during the competitive season. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over 2 academic years, 45 contact intercollegiate athletes were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter observational study to assess return to play after in-season anterior glenohumeral instability. Baseline data collection included shoulder injury characteristics and shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome scores at the time of injury. All athletes underwent an accelerated rehabilitation program without shoulder immobilization and were followed during their competitive season to assess the success of return to play and recurrent instability. Results: Thirty-three of 45 (73%) athletes returned to sport for either all or part of the season after a median 5 days lost from competition (interquartile range, 13). Twelve athletes (27%) successfully completed the season without recurrence. Twenty-one athletes (64%) returned to in-season play and had subsequent recurrent instability including 11 recurrent dislocations and 10 recurrent subluxations. Of the 33 athletes returning to in-season sport after an instability event, 67% (22/33) completed the season. Athletes with a subluxation were 5.3 times more likely (odds ratio [OR], 5.32; 95% CI, 1.00-28.07; P = .049) to return to sport during the same season when compared with those with dislocations. Logistic regression analysis suggests that the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P = .037) and Simple Shoulder Test (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P = .044) administered after the initial instability event are predictive of the ability to return to play. Time loss from sport after a shoulder instability event was most strongly and inversely correlated with the Simple Shoulder Test (P = .007) at the time of initial injury. Conclusion: In the largest prospective study evaluating shoulder instability in in-season contact athletes, 27% of athletes returned to play and completed the season without subsequent instability. While the majority of athletes who return to sport complete the season, recurrent instability events are common regardless of whether the initial injury was a subluxation or dislocation. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dickens, JF (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Keller Army Hosp, 3328 East Continental Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM jon.f.dickens@gmail.com OI Cameron, Kenneth/0000-0002-6276-4482 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2842 EP 2850 DI 10.1177/0363546514553181 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA AU4SA UT WOS:000345600600007 PM 25378207 ER PT J AU Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Anderson, TJ Feygelson, TI Myers-Ward, RL Koehler, AD Calle, F Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Pate, BB Kub, FJ AF Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Anderson, Travis J. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Koehler, Andrew D. Calle, Fernando Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Pate, Bradford B. Kub, Fritz J. TI Thermionic-Field Emission Barrier Between Nanocrystalline Diamond and Epitaxial 4H-SiC SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystalline diamond; 4H-SiC; Schottky; thermionic emission; field emission ID CVD AB A novel Schottky-like rectifying heterojunction between two low-doped widebandgap semiconductors is presented. The conduction mechanism of p-type nanocrystalline diamond and n-type 4H-SiC with a near-unity ideality factor was determined via two-terminal current-voltage measurements as a function of temperature and SiC doping concentration. I-V characteristics at 300 and 510 K were fit at low forward bias with good agreement using thermionic emission theory. A wide temperature range ideality factor analysis revealed a thermionic-field rectifying barrier to low-doped and moderately doped SiC epilayers, which could lead to improved contacts for SiC-based piezoresistors, resonators, and microelectromechanical systems. C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Feygelson, Tatyana I.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt; Pate, Bradford B.; Kub, Fritz J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Calle, Fernando] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Optoelect Syst & Microtechnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marko.tadjer.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; CALLE GOMEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0001-7869-6704 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA; Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA; American Society for Engineering Education FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA, and in part by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA. The work of M. J. Tadjer was supported by the Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program through the American Society for Engineering Education. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor M. Tabib-Azar. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1173 EP 1175 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2364596 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AU4IY UT WOS:000345575400004 ER PT J AU Koehler, AD Specht, P Anderson, TJ Weaver, BD Greenlee, JD Tadjer, MJ Porter, M Wade, M Dubon, OC Hobart, KD Weatherford, TR Kub, FJ AF Koehler, Andrew D. Specht, Petra Anderson, Travis J. Weaver, Bradley D. Greenlee, Jordan D. Tadjer, Marko J. Porter, Matthew Wade, Michael Dubon, Oscar C. Hobart, Karl D. Weatherford, Todd R. Kub, Francis J. TI Proton Radiation-Induced Void Formation in Ni/Au-Gated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN HEMT; proton irradiation; defect; reliability; schottky gate; nickel void ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; IRRADIATION AB AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were exposed to 2-MeV protons irradiation, at room temperature, up to a fluence of 6 x 10(14) H+/cm(2). Aside from degradation resulting from radiation-induced charge trapping, transmission electron microscopy and electrical measurements reveal a radiation-induced defect located at the edges of the Ni/Au Schottky gate in the proton-irradiated devices. At the edges of the Ni/Au gate, the Ni of the Ni/Au gate diffused up into the Au layer and migrated into the AlGaN barrier, leaving voids in the Ni layer at the gate edges after irradiation. These radiation-induced voids are caused by diffusion of Ni through vacancy exchange, known as the Kirkendall effect, resulting in reduced gate area and degrading the HEMT performance. C1 [Koehler, Andrew D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Weaver, Bradley D.; Greenlee, Jordan D.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Specht, Petra; Dubon, Oscar C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Porter, Matthew; Wade, Michael; Weatherford, Todd R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Koehler, AD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.koehler@nrl.navy.mil OI Greenlee, Jordan/0000-0002-9244-0470 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA-253-HDTRA-122227] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Project DTRA-253-HDTRA-122227. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor M. Radosavljevic. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1194 EP 1196 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2363433 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AU4IY UT WOS:000345575400011 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Brewer, LN AF Baker, B. W. Brewer, L. N. TI Joining of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels for Advanced Reactors SO JOM LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURED FERRITIC ALLOY; FRICTION STIR WELDS; ACTIVATION FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; ODS STEELS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TENSILE PROPERTIES AB The design, manufacture, and experimental analysis of structural materials capable of operation in the high temperatures, corrosive environments, and radiation damage spectra of future reactor designs remain one of the key pacing items for advanced reactor designs. The most promising candidate structural materials are vanadium-based refractory alloys, silicon carbide composites and oxide dispersion strengthened steels. Of these, oxide dispersion strengthened steels are a likely near-term candidate to meet required demands. This paper reviews different variants of oxide dispersion strengthened steels and discusses their capability with regard to high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and radiation damage resistance. Additionally, joining of oxide dispersion strengthened steels, which has been cited as a limiting factor preventing their use, is addressed and reviewed. Specifically, friction stir welding of these steels is reviewed as a promising joining method for oxide dispersion strengthened steels. C1 [Baker, B. W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brewer, L. N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbaker@usna.edu; lnbrewer@nps.edu RI Baker, Bradford/H-9709-2014 OI Baker, Bradford/0000-0002-1183-5586 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX The authors thank Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory specifically Joe Farmer and Bassem El-Dasher for sponsorship of this review as well as Murray Mahoney and MegaStir for assistance with friction stir welding of samples. The authors also thank and acknowledge support from Terry McNelley and Sarath Menon for assistance in accomplishment of experimental analyses. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2014 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2442 EP 2457 DI 10.1007/s11837-014-1206-6 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA AU1RF UT WOS:000345397200010 ER PT J AU Andrasfalvy, BK Galinanes, GL Huber, D Barbic, M Macklin, JJ Susumu, K Delehanty, JB Huston, AL Makara, JK Medintz, IL AF Andrasfalvy, Bertalan K. Galinanes, Gregorio L. Huber, Daniel Barbic, Mladen Macklin, John J. Susumu, Kimihiro Delehanty, James B. Huston, Alan L. Makara, Judit K. Medintz, Igor L. TI Quantum dot-based multiphoton fluorescent pipettes for targeted neuronal electrophysiology SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-CELL RECORDINGS; CA1 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; IN-VIVO; MAMMALIAN BRAIN AB Targeting visually identified neurons for electrophysiological recording is a fundamental neuroscience technique; however, its potential is hampered by poor visualization of pipette tips in deep brain tissue. We describe quantum dot-coated glass pipettes that provide strong two-photon contrast at deeper penetration depths than those achievable with current methods. We demonstrated the pipettes' utility in targeted patch-clamp recording experiments and single-cell electroporation of identified rat and mouse neurons in vitro and in vivo. C1 [Andrasfalvy, Bertalan K.; Makara, Judit K.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, MTA KOKI Lendulet Lab Neuronal Signaling, Budapest, Hungary. [Galinanes, Gregorio L.; Huber, Daniel] Univ Geneva, Dept Basic Neurosci, Geneva, Switzerland. [Barbic, Mladen; Macklin, John J.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Appl Phys & Instrumentat Grp, Ashburn, VA USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Huston, Alan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD USA. [Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Andrasfalvy, BK (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, MTA KOKI Lendulet Lab Neuronal Signaling, Budapest, Hungary. EM andrasfalvy.bertalan@koki.mta.hu; igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Huber, Daniel/C-2932-2013 FU Wellcome Trust [090915/Z/09/Z]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Lendulet) [LP-2011-012]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Swiss National Science Foundation FX The authors acknowledge the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Naval Research Laboratory Nanosciences Institute, Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office MIPR B112582M and Invitrogen for providing the 625-nm QDs. We thank G. Szabo and Z. Mate (Institute of Experimental Medicine) for providing the CCK/DsReDt3 BAC and PV/GFP BAC transgenic mice. We thank J. Veres, Zs. Kohus, Z. Peterfy, N. Lenkey and E. Papp (Institute of Experimental Medicine) for providing brain slices with fluorescently labeled neurons; A. Holtmaat (University of Geneva) for providing the Thy-1 EGFP-M mice; and J. Weber, A. Raksai-Maar, M. Prsa and M. Cane for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust (grant 090915/Z/09/Z, J.K.M. and B.K.A.), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Lendulet LP-2011-012, J.K.M.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Swiss National Science Foundation (D.H.). NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 EI 1548-7105 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1237 EP + DI 10.1038/NMETH.3146 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AU4FF UT WOS:000345564600018 PM 25326662 ER PT J AU Zhao, LY Ha, S Sharp, KW Geltmacher, AB Fonda, RW Kinsey, AH Zhang, Y Ryan, SM Erdeniz, D Dunand, DC Hemker, KJ Guest, JK Weihs, TP AF Zhao, Longyu Ha, Seunghyun Sharp, Keith W. Geltmacher, Andrew B. Fonda, Richard W. Kinsey, Alex H. Zhang, Yong Ryan, Stephen M. Erdeniz, Dinc Dunand, David C. Hemker, Kevin J. Guest, James K. Weihs, Timothy P. TI Permeability measurements and modeling of topology-optimized metallic 3-D woven lattices SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE 3-D woven lattices; Permeability; Topology optimization; Finite-element modeling; X-ray tomography ID HEAT-TRANSFER; CELLULAR METAL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; PACK-ALUMINIZATION; FLUID PERMEABILITY; SANDWICH PANELS; SCAFFOLD DESIGN; FOAMS; FLOW AB Topology optimization was combined with a 3-D weaving technique to design and fabricate structures with optimized combinations of fluid permeability and mechanical stiffness. Two different microarchitected structures are considered: one is a "standard" weave in which all wires were included, while the other is termed an "optimized" weave as specific wires were removed to maximize the permeability of the resulting porous materials with only a limited reduction in stiffness. Permeability was measured and predicted for both structures that were 3-D woven with either Cu or Ni-20Cr wires. The as-woven wires in the Cu lattices were bonded at contact points using solder or braze while the Ni-20Cr wires were bonded at contact points using pack aluminization. Permeability was measured under laminar flow conditions in all three normal directions for unbonded and bonded samples and in the optimized structure it was found to increase between 200% and 600%, depending on direction, over the standard structures. Permeability was also predicted using finite-element modeling with as-fabricated wires positions that were identified with optical microscopy or X-ray tomography; the measurements and predictions show good agreement. Lastly, the normalized permeability values significantly exceed those found for stochastic, metallic foams and other periodic structures with a material volume fraction of over 30%. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Longyu; Kinsey, Alex H.; Ryan, Stephen M.; Hemker, Kevin J.; Weihs, Timothy P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ha, Seunghyun; Guest, James K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sharp, Keith W.] SAERTEX USA LLC, Huntersville, NC 28078 USA. [Geltmacher, Andrew B.; Fonda, Richard W.] US Navy, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Yong; Hemker, Kevin J.; Weihs, Timothy P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Erdeniz, Dinc; Dunand, David C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Zhao, LY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM longyu@jhu.edu RI Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Erdeniz, Dinc/E-8871-2010; Guest, James/A-1943-2010 OI Erdeniz, Dinc/0000-0002-8705-7282; Guest, James/0000-0002-6468-8890 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)-Materials with Controlled Microstructural Architecture (MCMA) [W91CRB1010004] FX This work was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)-Materials with Controlled Microstructural Architecture (MCMA), under award no. W91CRB1010004 (Dr. Judah Goldwasser, program manager). The authors would like to thank Mr. Wesley Cohen for assistance during permeability testing, and Mike Franckowiak and Frank Cook for machining test fixtures. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 81 BP 326 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.08.037 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AT8JM UT WOS:000345179800032 ER PT J AU Chun, C Neta, B Kim, S AF Chun, Changbum Neta, Beny Kim, Sujin TI ON JARRATT'S FAMILY OF OPTIMAL FOURTH-ORDER ITERATIVE METHODS AND THEIR DYNAMICS SO FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Iterative Methods; Order of Convergence; Weight Functions; Simple Roots ID MULTIPLE ROOTS; EQUATIONS AB P. Jarratt has developed a family of fourth-order optimal methods. He suggested two members of the family. The dynamics of one of those was discussed previously. Here we show that the family can be written using a weight function and analyze all members of the family to find the best performer. C1 [Chun, Changbum; Kim, Sujin] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Neta, Beny] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cbchun@skku.edu; bneta@nps.edu; sjylover012@hanmail.net FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2005012] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2005012). NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-348X EI 1793-6543 J9 FRACTALS JI Fractals-Complex Geom. Patterns Scaling Nat. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 AR 1450013 DI 10.1142/S0218348X14500133 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT7BK UT WOS:000345091000007 ER PT J AU Rockafellar, RT Royset, JO AF Rockafellar, R. T. Royset, J. O. TI Random variables, monotone relations, and convex analysis SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Random variables; Quantiles; Superquantiles; Superexpectations; Superdistributions; Convergence in distribution; Stochastic dominance; Comonotonicity; Measures of risk; Value-at-risk; Conditional-value-at-risk; Convex analysis; Conjugate duality; Stochastic optimization ID MEAN-RISK MODELS; VALUE-AT-RISK; STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE; REGRESSION; OPTIMIZATION AB Random variables can be described by their cumulative distribution functions, a class of nondecreasing functions on the real line. Those functions can in turn be identified, after the possible vertical gaps in their graphs are filled in, with maximal monotone relations. Such relations are known to be the subdifferentials of convex functions. Analysis of these connections yields new insights. The generalized inversion operation between distribution functions and quantile functions corresponds to graphical inversion of monotone relations. In subdifferential terms, it corresponds to passing to conjugate convex functions under the Legendre-Fenchel transform. Among other things, this shows that convergence in distribution for sequences of random variables is equivalent to graphical convergence of the monotone relations and epigraphical convergence of the associated convex functions. Measures of risk that employ quantiles (VaR) and superquantiles (CVaR), either individually or in mixtures, are illuminated in this way. Formulas for their calculation are seen from a perspective that reveals how they were discovered. The approach leads further to developments in which the superquantiles for a given distribution are interpreted as the quantiles for an overlying "superdistribution." In this way a generalization of Koenker-Basset error is derived which lays a foundation for superquantile regression as a higher-order extension of quantile regression. C1 [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Royset, J. O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtr@uw.edu; joroyset@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0206, F1ATAO1194GOO1] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grants FA9550-11-1-0206 and F1ATAO1194GOO1. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-5610 EI 1436-4646 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 148 IS 1-2 BP 297 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s10107-014-0801-1 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA AT3BK UT WOS:000344809700012 ER PT J AU Medynets, K Solomyak, B AF Medynets, Konstantin Solomyak, Boris TI Second-order ergodic theorem for self-similar tiling systems SO ERGODIC THEORY AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID INVARIANT-MEASURES; SUBSTITUTION TILINGS; BRATTELI DIAGRAMS; TRANSFORMATIONS; SUBSHIFTS; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; GRAPH; SETS AB We consider infinite measure-preserving non-primitive self-similar tiling systems in Euclidean space R-d. We establish the second-order ergodic theorem for such systems, with exponent equal to the Hausdorff dimension of a graph-directed self-similar set associated with the substitution rule. C1 [Medynets, Konstantin] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Solomyak, Boris] Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Medynets, K (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM medynets@usna.edu; solomyak@uw.edu FU NSF [DMS-0968879] FX We are grateful to Karl Petersen, who asked whether the second-order ergodic theorem holds for the Sierpinski gasket tiling system and who told us about Fisher's paper [Fi]. We would also like to thank the referee for his/her valuable comments. B. S. is supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0968879. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0143-3857 EI 1469-4417 J9 ERGOD THEOR DYN SYST JI Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 34 BP 2018 EP 2053 DI 10.1017/etds.2013.27 PN 6 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AS7UH UT WOS:000344459600014 ER PT J AU Romano, A Guo, J Prokscha, T Meyer, T Hirsch, S Braun, J Sack, I Scheel, M AF Romano, Anthony Guo, Jing Prokscha, Torben Meyer, Thomas Hirsch, Sebastian Braun, Juergen Sack, Ingolf Scheel, Michael TI In Vivo Waveguide Elastography: Effects of Neurodegeneration in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; magnetic resonance elastography; diffusion tensor imaging; anisotropic inversions; white matter tracts; waveguide elastography ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION-TENSOR MRI; WHITE-MATTER; BRAIN VISCOELASTICITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORTICOSPINAL TRACT; STIFFNESS; DIAGNOSIS; TISSUE; SHEAR AB PurposeWaveguide elastography (WGE) combines magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and anisotropic inversions for a determination of the elastic properties of white matter. Previously, the method evaluated the anisotropic elastic properties of the corticospinal tracts (CSTs) of healthy volunteers. Here, the sensitivity of WGE is tested for the detection of pathologic changes in a cohort of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). MethodsMRE and DTI were performed in 14 patients with ALS and 14 healthy, age-matched controls. A comparison was made between three components from WGE and the DTI metrics FA, MD, PD, and RD, for the detection of differences between patients and controls. It was hypothesized that the stiffness values in the CSTs of the patients would be significantly lower due to the known neurodegeneration associated with ALS. ResultsTwo anisotropic shear moduli polarized parallel and perpendicular to the CSTs were significantly reduced in ALS patients (P < 0.0001), whereas the anisotropic longitudinal modulus polarized parallel to the CSTs showed no significant differences. ConclusionThe results of this study suggest a relatively high sensitivity of two anisotropic shear moduli as noninvasive metrics for the assessment of neuronal degeneration within the CSTs. Magn Reson Med 72:1755-1761, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Romano, Anthony] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Jing; Hirsch, Sebastian; Sack, Ingolf; Scheel, Michael] Charite, Dept Radiol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Prokscha, Torben; Meyer, Thomas] Charite, Dept Neurol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Braun, Juergen] Charite, Inst Med Informat, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. RP Romano, A (reprint author), 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.romano@nrl.navy.mil FU Volkswagen Foundation and Charite Foundation FX Grant sponsors: Office of Naval Research, Friedrich C. Luft Clinical Scientist Pilot Program (funded by Volkswagen Foundation and Charite Foundation). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0740-3194 EI 1522-2594 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1755 EP 1761 DI 10.1002/mrm.25067 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AT2XS UT WOS:000344798300027 PM 24347290 ER PT J AU Thuillier, G Schmidtke, G Erhardt, C Nikutowski, B Shapiro, AI Bolduc, C Lean, J Krivova, N Charbonneau, P Cessateur, G Haberreiter, M Melo, S Delouille, V Mampaey, B Yeo, KL Schmutz, W AF Thuillier, G. Schmidtke, G. Erhardt, C. Nikutowski, B. Shapiro, A. I. Bolduc, C. Lean, J. Krivova, N. Charbonneau, P. Cessateur, G. Haberreiter, M. Melo, S. Delouille, V. Mampaey, B. Yeo, K. L. Schmutz, W. TI Solar Spectral Irradiance Variability in November/December 2012: Comparison of Observations by Instruments on the International Space Station and Models SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Spectral solar irradiance variability; International Space Station; SOLSPEC; SolACES; Solar Modeling ID MG-II INDEX; EUV IRRADIANCE; ULTRAVIOLET; ATMOSPHERE; CALIBRATION; MINIMUM; MONITOR; CLIMATE; DESIGN; SORCE AB Onboard the International Space Station (ISS), two instruments are observing the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) at wavelengths from 16 to 2900 nm. Although the ISS platform orientation generally precludes pointing at the Sun more than 10 -aEuro parts per thousand 14 days per month, in November/December 2012 a continuous period of measurements was obtained by implementing an ISS 'bridging' maneuver. This enabled observations to be made of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) during a complete solar rotation. We present these measurements, which quantify the impact of active regions on SSI, and compare them with data simultaneously gathered from other platforms, and with models of spectral irradiance variability. Our analysis demonstrates that the instruments onboard the ISS have the capability to measure SSI variations consistent with other instruments in space. A comparison among all available SSI measurements during November-December 2012 in absolute units with reconstructions using solar proxies and observed solar activity features is presented and discussed in terms of accuracy. C1 [Thuillier, G.] LATMOS CNRS, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [Schmidtke, G.; Erhardt, C.; Nikutowski, B.] Fraunhofer Inst Phys Measurement Tech, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. [Nikutowski, B.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Shapiro, A. I.; Cessateur, G.; Haberreiter, M.; Schmutz, W.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Bolduc, C.; Charbonneau, P.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H2C 3J7, Canada. [Lean, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krivova, N.; Yeo, K. L.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottigen, Germany. [Melo, S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Delouille, V.; Mampaey, B.] Solar Terr Ctr Excellence, Brussels, Belgium. [Delouille, V.; Mampaey, B.] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. RP Thuillier, G (reprint author), LATMOS CNRS, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM gerard.thuillier@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014 OI Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (Belgium); Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany); DLR; ESA; Fraunhofer Gesellschaft; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSI122-130642, 100020 140573]; Fond Quebecois pour la Recherche en Nature et Technologie; European Community [313188 (SOLID)]; FP7 programme [284461]; NASA FX The SOLSPEC and SolACES investigations are supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), the Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (Belgium), and the Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany). The participating institutes are the Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS, now LATMOS, the Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, the Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measuring Technique (Freiburg), and the Landessternwarte of Heidelberg. The SOLSPEC and SolACES absolute calibrations have been carried out with the blackbody BB3200g from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB, Braunschweig, Germany), and cross-calibrated at BESSY II (PTB, Berlin, Germany), respectively. SOLAR constitutes an external payload of the ESA COLUMBUS laboratory placed onboard the International Space Station. The SOLAR operations are conducted by the Belgium User Support Operations Center (B-USOC) via the COLUMBUS Control Center of DLR (Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany). SolACES has been developed by the Fraunhofer IPM. EADS Astrium Friedrichshafen supported the institute in performing the qualification and documentation. The project was sponsored by DLR, ESA, and the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. A. I. Shapiro is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant CRSI122-130642 (FUPSOL) and 100020 140573. C. Bolduc and P. Charbonneau are supported by a team grant and a doctoral fellowship from the Fond Quebecois pour la Recherche en Nature et Technologie. We are happy to thank J. Harder and, M. Snow and M. DeLand for providing the SIM data and Mg II index, respectively, and B-USOC for providing the raw SOLSPEC data used in this study. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2012) under grant agreement No. 313188 (SOLID). G. Cessateur is supported by the FP7 programme (eHeroes, No. 284461). J. Lean acknowledges NASA support. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 289 IS 12 BP 4433 EP 4452 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0588-5 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0FI UT WOS:000344612200002 ER PT J AU Xu, P Qi, D Schoelz, JK Thompson, J Thibado, PM Wheeler, VD Nyakiti, LO Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Neek-Amal, M Peeters, PM AF Xu, P. Qi, D. Schoelz, J. K. Thompson, J. Thibado, P. M. Wheeler, V. D. Nyakiti, L. O. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Neek-Amal, M. Peeters, P. M. TI Multilayer graphene, Moire patterns, grain boundaries and defects identified by scanning tunneling microscopy on the m-plane, non-polar surface of SiC SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; LAYER GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE; TRANSPORT AB Epitaxial graphene is grown on a non-polar n(+) 6H-SiC m-plane substrate and studied using atomic scale scanning tunneling microscopy. Multilayer graphene is found throughout the surface and exhibits rotational disorder. Moire patterns of different spatial periodicities are found, and we found that as the wavelength increases, so does the amplitude of the modulations. This relationship reveals information about the interplay between the energy required to bend graphene and the interaction energy, i.e. van der Waals energy, with the graphene layer below. Our experiments are supported by theoretical calculations which predict that the membrane topographical amplitude scales with the Moire pattern wavelength, L as L-1 + alpha L-2. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, P.; Qi, D.; Schoelz, J. K.; Thompson, J.; Thibado, P. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wheeler, V. D.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nyakiti, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Neek-Amal, M.; Peeters, P. M.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Fys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Neek-Amal, M.] Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran 16785136, Iran. RP Thibado, PM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Thibado@uark.edu FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0181]; NSF [DMR-0855358]; American Society for Engineering Education; Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellow Program; Office of Naval Research; Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl); Methusalem Foundation of the Flemish Government; EUROgraphene project CONGRAN; EU [299855] FX P.X. and P.M.T. gratefully acknowledge the financial support of ONR under grant N00014-10-1-0181 and NSF under grant DMR-0855358. L.O.N. acknowledges the support of American Society for Engineering Education and Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellow Program. Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. This work was supported by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl), the Methusalem Foundation of the Flemish Government, and the EUROgraphene project CONGRAN. M.N.-A was supported by the EU-Marie Curie IIF postdoc Fellowship 299855. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.08.028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AS2TN UT WOS:000344132400009 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Spanos, G AF Fonda, Richard W. Spanos, George TI Effects of Cooling Rate on Transformations in a Fe-9 Pct Ni Steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-CARBON STEEL; COALESCED BAINITE; HSLA STEELS; STRENGTH; ALLOY; MARTENSITE; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN AB The transformations of a high-strength 9Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel were characterized as a function of cooling rate by dilatometry, microhardness measurements, and microstructural characterization. The results demonstrate that this steel is extremely insensitive to changes in cooling rate, generating a duplex microstructure of coarse autotempered martensite within a matrix of fine lath martensite at nearly all cooling rates. The coarse autotempered martensite is observed even at very slow cooling rates, although the lath martensite becomes replaced by lath (or bainitic) ferrite. C1 [Fonda, Richard W.; Spanos, George] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Richard.Fonda@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the experimental assistance of Ed Pierpoint and many helpful discussions with Roy Vandermeer. We also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 45A IS 13 BP 5982 EP 5989 DI 10.1007/s11661-014-2588-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AS5UM UT WOS:000344334900018 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI ... And hand-cranked induction SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Letter C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 9 BP 518 EP 518 DI 10.1119/1.4902190 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX5YM UT WOS:000365778400002 ER PT J AU Warzoha, RJ Fleischer, AS AF Warzoha, Ronald J. Fleischer, Amy S. TI Improved heat recovery from paraffin-based phase change materials due to the presence of percolating graphene networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Paraffin; Thermal conductivity; Thermal energy storage; Graphene; Molecular alignment ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT; CHANGE COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE; PCM; DIFFUSIVITY; ADDITIVES; TRANSPORT; FOAMS; WAX AB Presently, engineers are unable to fully utilize the high thermal energy storage capacities of paraffin-based phase change materials (PCMs) in electronics cooling and waste heat recovery applications due to their inherently low thermal conductivities, which result in slow melting and solidification rates. In order to increase the paraffin's thermal conductivity, several groups have implanted nanoparticles within PCMs. Despite remarkable improvements in their thermal conductivities, however, it is expected that less thermal energy can be harvested during the nanocomposite PCM's solidification period due to the removal of some PCM mass in favor of the nanoparticles. In this study, a heat exchanger system is used to extract thermal energy that has been stored within paraffin nanocomposites embedded in a thermal containment unit (TCU). We find that the amount of thermal energy that can be harnessed from MWCNT, Al or TiO2 nanocomposite PCMs (at 20 v.% concentrations) is approximately 15-17% lower than the amount that can be extracted from the base paraffin during its period of solidification, as expected. However, the amount of thermal energy that can be harnessed from paraffin in the presence of graphene nanoparticle networks (15 nm thickness, 15 mu m diameter, at 20 v.%) is found to be nearly 11% greater than for the base paraffin. Based on these results, it is posited that the paraffin's alkane molecules are beginning to align across the face of the graphene nanoparticles, resulting in a more crystalline paraffin structure at the graphene-paraffin interface and a higher absolute phase change enthalpy. Consequently, it is expected that this work will open up new avenues of research for the creation of advanced nanocomposite PCMs with exceptionally high thermal conductivities and thermal energy storage capacities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Warzoha, Ronald J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fleischer, Amy S.] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Fleischer, AS (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM amy.fleischer@villanova.edu OI Warzoha, Ronald/0000-0002-5454-4551 FU National Science Foundation [CBET1235769]; Environmental Protection Agency; United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The authors appreciate the support of the National Science Foundation (CBET1235769) and the Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The research described in this paper has also been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 79 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 79 BP 314 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.08.009 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AR7TE UT WOS:000343781900031 ER PT J AU Wollmershauser, JA Feigelson, BN Gorzkowski, EP Ellis, CT Goswami, R Qadri, SB Nguyen, DD Tischler, JG Kub, FJ Everett, RK AF Wollmershauser, J. A. Feigelson, B. N. Gorzkowski, E. P. Ellis, C. T. Goswami, R. Qadri, S. B. Nguyen, Dat D. Tischler, J. G. Kub, F. J. Everett, R. K. TI Reply to comments on "An extended hardness limit in bulk nanoceramics", Acta Materialia 69 (2014) 9-16 SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hall-Petch; Spinel; High-pressure sintering; Nanoceramic; Nanocrystalline ceramic ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-SIZE; MODEL; CERAMICS; ALUMINA; SPINEL AB A response is provided to comments by Krell concerning the validity of the Hall-Petch relationship and the optical transmission in nanocrystalline ceramics discussed in a recent Acta Materialia paper. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Wollmershauser, J. A.; Feigelson, B. N.; Gorzkowski, E. P.; Ellis, C. T.; Goswami, R.; Qadri, S. B.; Tischler, J. G.; Kub, F. J.; Everett, R. K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Dat D.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Wollmershauser, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.wollmershauser@nrl.navy.mil; boris.feygelson@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 92 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.08.016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AR5KQ UT WOS:000343624100018 ER PT J AU Jaskoski, M AF Jaskoski, Maiah TI Environmental Licensing and Conflict in Peru's Mining Sector: A Path-Dependent Analysis SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental impact assessement; Latin America; path dependence; Peru; prior consultation; resource conflict ID LIVELIHOODS; MOVEMENTS; PROJECTS; AMERICA; BRAZIL; ANDES AB What is the relationship between formal participatory structures and the onset and evolution of popular mobilization? Under what conditions does mobilization bring about policy and even institutional change? This article examines mining conflict and in particular the project approval stage, when mobilization is most likely to interrupt extraction in Peru. Utilizing a path-dependent framework, the paper finds that very limited spaces for community participation in the environmental impact assessment process in fact have prompted and transformed popular mobilization in extractive zones, leading to outside scrutiny and the stalling of major projects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jaskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 64 BP 873 EP 883 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.07.010 PG 11 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA AP7GP UT WOS:000342246100064 ER PT J AU Stout, B Towsley, A AF Stout, Brian Towsley, Adam TI Endomorphisms of bounded height and resultant SO JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article DE Arithmetic dynamics; Bounded height; Bounded resultant AB Let K be an algebraic number field and B >= 1. For an endomorphism phi : P-n -> P-n defined over K of degree d let subset of O-K denote its minimal resultant ideal. For a fixed height function h(Md)(n) on the moduli space of dynamical systems this paper shows that all such morphisms phi of bounded resultant N-K/Q(R-phi) <= B and bounded height h(Md)(n) () <= B are contained in finitely many PGL(n+1) (K)-equivalence classes. This answers a question of Silverman in the affirmative. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stout, Brian] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Towsley, Adam] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Math, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Towsley, A (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Math, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM stout@usna.edu; atowsley@gc.cuny.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-314X EI 1096-1658 J9 J NUMBER THEORY JI J. Number Theory PD DEC PY 2014 VL 145 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.jnt.2014.06.006 PG 7 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AO8OX UT WOS:000341615200024 ER PT J AU Turk, FJ Li, L Haddad, ZS AF Turk, Francis Joseph Li, Li Haddad, Ziad S. TI A Physically Based Soil Moisture and Microwave Emissivity Data Set for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Emissivity; Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM); land; microwave; precipitation; radiometer; satellite; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM); vegetation ID LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITIES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; UNITED-STATES; SMAP MISSION; B-FACTOR; AMSR-E; RETRIEVAL; VEGETATION; MODEL; SYSTEM AB The joint National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission will provide considerably more observations over complex and dynamically changing land backgrounds. A physically based precipitation retrieval using GPM's satellite constellation of passive microwave (PMW) observations has to accommodate the spatially and temporally varying radiometric signature of the land surface to constrain the set of candidate rainfall solutions. The challenge for retrieval algorithms is to identify and isolate precipitation profiles whose simulated observations agree with the satellite observations and are also representative of the surface conditions. Microwave emissivity modeling results are presented from a physically based land algorithm that retrieves soil moisture, vegetation water content, and surface temperature, along with the emissivity using polarized 10, 18, and 37 GHz channel measurements from the WindSat sensor onboard the Coriolis satellite, and results from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). The emissivity mean, coefficient of variation, covariance, and correlation slope are examined for the range of clear-scene surface properties observed by WindSat and TRMM between 2003-2012 and 2002-2011, respectively, under a range of seasons, time of day, rain events, etc. These joint data provide a means to examine the extent to which the surface geophysical properties control the microwave land surface emissivity covariability, to better utilize these lower frequency observations in overland PMW-based precipitation retrievals. C1 [Turk, Francis Joseph; Haddad, Ziad S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jturk@jpl.nasa.gov; li.li@nrl.navy.mil RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM); NASA FX The authors acknowledge the support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) through Dr. R. Kakar. TRMM data are provided courtesy of the Precipitation Processing System at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The authors would like to thank Dr. P. Kirstetter and Dr. J. Zhang from the University of Oklahoma and the National Severe Storms Laboratory for their assistance with the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor QPE radar processing. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Y. Tian and others from the PMM Land Surface Working Group for the valuable comments. The work by F. J. Turk and Z. S. Haddad was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 53 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 7637 EP 7650 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2315809 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7KM UT WOS:000341532100014 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Perrie, W Zhang, B AF Hwang, Paul A. Perrie, William Zhang, Biao TI Cross-Polarization Radar Backscattering From the Ocean Surface and Its Dependence on Wind Velocity SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cross-polarization (cross-pol); radar scattering; sea surface; wind ID VECTOR WINDS; BAND; DEPOLARIZATION; SPEEDS AB Recent wind retrieval algorithms using cross-polarization (cross-pol) radar sea return (VH) assume that VH is independent on the azimuth angle and mainly varies with the wind speed. Incidence angle dependence is either absent or is only in wind speeds less than 21 m/s. However, azimuth and incidence angle variations are expected since theory and data comparisons show the dominance of surface effects in the scattering mechanisms; thus, both co-polarization and cross-pol cross sections reflect the directional distribution of the ocean surface roughness and wave breaking. Here, the VH dependence on wind velocity is analyzed with special focus on the variations with the incidence and azimuth angles. The results show that, for the typical incidence angle range of radar images used for hurricane wind retrieval (20 degrees-50 degrees), the magnitude of these angular variations is equivalent to a difference of about 10 m/s in the retrieved wind speed for low-to-strong winds (< similar to 21 m/s) and probably for strong-to-severe winds (> similar to 21 m/s) as well. It is prudent to incorporate the incidence angle dependence and the azimuth angle dependence in the wind retrieval algorithm and in the signal simulation for the design of next-generation scatterometers. The dependence on the wind speed is also examined. It reconfirms that the VH sensitivity increases toward high winds, but signal saturation may occur. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Zhang, Biao] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; perriew@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; zhangbiao@nuist.edu.cn FU Office of Naval Research ("Breaking-Wave Effects under High Winds"); Canadian Space Agency through the Government Related Initiatives Program; Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program [2013AA09A505]; National Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu [BK2012467]; Naval Research Laboratory under NRL Contribution [NRL/JA/7260-14-0033] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research ("Breaking-Wave Effects under High Winds"), by the Canadian Space Agency through the Government Related Initiatives Program, by the Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program under Grant 2013AA09A505, by the National Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu under Grant BK2012467, and by the Naval Research Laboratory under NRL Contribution NRL/JA/7260-14-0033. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2188 EP 2192 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2324276 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN9TJ UT WOS:000340951400034 ER PT J AU Sidikou, A AF Sidikou, Aissata TI The strange destination of women in The strange destination of Wangrin SO FRENCH FORUM LA French DT Article C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sidikou, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEBRASKA PRESS PI LINCOLN PA 1111 LINCOLN MALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0630 USA SN 0098-9355 EI 1534-1836 J9 FR FORUM JI Fr. Forum PD WIN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 PG 15 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA AM6ZZ UT WOS:000340015800009 ER PT J AU Johnson, TH AF Johnson, Thomas H. TI The Thistle and the Drone: How America's War on Terror Became a Global War on Tribal Islam SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Johnson, Thomas H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Johnson, TH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 22 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 EI 1940-3461 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA AG2UD UT WOS:000335271700025 ER PT J AU Warren, TC AF Warren, T. Camber TI Not by the Sword Alone: Soft Power, Mass Media, and the Production of State Sovereignty SO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID CIVIL-WAR ONSET; INTERNATIONAL-POLITICS; CONFLICT; CAPACITY; PEACE; SEVERITY; REBEL; UNCERTAINTY; NATIONALISM; LEGITIMACY AB Scholars of civil conflict have long recognized the importance of state strength in the suppression of nascent insurgencies. However, previous empirical investigations have generally focused on the material and coercive dimensions of state power, obscuring the critical role played by the generation of widespread voluntary compliance through processes of political communication, that is, the production of 'soft power.' In contrast, in this article I focus on a factormass communication technologythat can enhance state capacity only by strengthening the state's ability to broadly and publicly disseminate political messages. I argue that the enhanced capacities for large-scale normative influence generated by mass communication technologies can be expected to produce substantial barriers to the mobilization of militarized challenges to state rule, by strengthening economies of scale in the marketplace of ideas. Utilizing newly compiled cross-national data on mass media accessibility in the post-World War II period, I show that densely constituted mass media systems dramatically reduce the probability of large-scale civil violence, thereby providing new evidence for the fundamental importance of nonmaterial state capacities in the suppression of internal armed conflicts. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Warren, TC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM CamberW@gmail.com NR 128 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 89 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-8183 EI 1531-5088 J9 INT ORGAN JI Int. Organ. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 68 IS 1 BP 111 EP 141 DI 10.1017/S0020818313000350 PG 31 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA AD0QP UT WOS:000332939500004 ER PT J AU Bogle, L AF Bogle, Lori TI One Firm Anchor: The Church and the Merchant Seafarer, an Introductory History SO CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bogle, Lori] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bogle, L (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CATHOLIC UNIV AMER PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 620 MICHIGAN AVENUE NE ADMIN BLDG ROOM 303, WASHINGTON, DC 20064 USA SN 0008-8080 EI 1534-0708 J9 CATHOL HIST REV JI Cathol. Hist. Rev. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 100 IS 1 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AB9RM UT WOS:000332133400008 ER PT J AU Insler, M AF Insler, Michael TI The Health Consequences of Retirement SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-SECURITY; INSURANCE; DECISION; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES AB This paper examines the impact of retirement on individuals' health. Declines in health commonly compel workers to retire, so the challenge is to disentangle the simultaneous causal effects. The estimation strategy employs an instrumental variables specification. The instrument is based on workers' self-reported probabilities of working past ages 62 and 65, taken from the first period in which they are observed. Results indicate that the retirement effect on health is beneficial and significant. Investigation into behavioral data, such as smoking and exercise, suggests that retirement may affect health through such channels. With additional leisure time, many retirees practice healthier habits. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Insler, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM insler@usna.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 62 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0022-166X EI 1548-8004 J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 49 IS 1 BP 195 EP 233 PG 39 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA AB0QZ UT WOS:000331498500007 ER PT J AU Allenby, B Hagerott, M AF Allenby, Brad Hagerott, Mark TI Universal Conscription as Technology Policy SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Allenby, Brad] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hagerott, Mark] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Allenby, B (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM braden.allenby@asu.edu; hagerott@usna.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 EI 1938-1557 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 292DV UT WOS:000329883300013 ER PT J AU Woo, DJ Hooper, JP Osswald, S Bottolfson, BA Brewer, LN AF Woo, Dong Jin Hooper, Joseph P. Osswald, Sebastian Bottolfson, Brent A. Brewer, Luke N. TI Low temperature synthesis of carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum metal composite powders using cryogenic milling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AL MATRIX COMPOSITES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANODIAMOND; DISPERSION; EVOLUTION AB Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced aluminum composite powders were synthesized by cryogenic milling. The effects of different milling parameters and CNT contents on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the resulting composite powders were studied. Detailed information on powder morphology and the dispersion and structural integrity of the CNTs is crucial for many powder consolidation methods, particularly cold spray, which is increasingly utilized to fabricate metal-based nanocomposites. While all of the produced composite powders exhibited particle sizes suitable for spray applications, it was found that with increasing CNT content, the average particle size decreased and the size distribution became narrower. The dispersion of CNTs improved with milling time and helped to maintain a small Al grain size during cryogenic milling. Although extensive milling allowed for substantial grain size reduction, the process caused notable CNT degradation, leading to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the resulting composite. C1 [Woo, Dong Jin; Hooper, Joseph P.; Osswald, Sebastian] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bottolfson, Brent A.; Brewer, Luke N.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Osswald, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, 701 West Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sosswald@purdue.edu FU Office of Naval Research [30] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Sarath Menon (NPS) for his assistance with SEM analysis. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Code 30). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 22 BP 2644 EP 2656 DI 10.1557/jmr.2014.300 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AW7FG UT WOS:000346429500005 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Berry, RJ Watts, DH AF Bulterys, Marc Berry, Robert J. Watts, D. Heather TI Preconception antiretroviral therapy and birth defects: what is needed? SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE antiretroviral therapy; birth defects; drug safety; HIV infection; mother-to-child transmission; pregnancy; surveillance ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; INFECTED WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION; FOLIC-ACID; SCALE-UP; MOTHER; PREVENTION; SAFETY; PREGNANCY C1 [Bulterys, Marc] NHRC, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Bulterys, Marc] Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berry, Robert J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Watts, D. Heather] US Dept State, Off Global AIDS, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), NHRC, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program DHAPP, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Marc.Bulterys@med.navy.mil OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 18 BP 2777 EP 2780 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000500 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA AT9XO UT WOS:000345277300016 PM 25493603 ER PT J AU Hervig, ME Stevens, MH AF Hervig, Mark E. Stevens, Michael H. TI Interpreting the 35 year SBUV PMC record with SOFIE observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; NLC OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; SOLAR-CYCLE; ALOMAR; SUMMER; LIDAR AB Observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) from the solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) instruments are compared to the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE). SBUV measurements are used to determine the PMC vertical column ice mass abundance (or ice water content, IWC) for comparison with SOFIE. Improved SBUV simulations are employed that accounted for nonspherical particles, and the multiwavelength measurements are used to retrieve particle size as the median radius (r(m)) of a Gaussian distribution. SBUV IWC retrievals incorporated r(m) as temporally smoothed values, to reduce propagation of r(m) errors but capture the effects of variable r(m) in IWC. For seasonal averages the SBUV-SOFIE r(m) differences are 22 +/- 6% in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and 22 +/- 12% in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and IWC differences were 3 +/- 6% in the NH and 7 +/- 12% in the SH. The SBUV record was used to derive IWC and particle size for 1979-2013 for 64-74 degrees N. The results indicate a secular increase in r(m) of 0.23 +/- 0.16 nm decade(-1) and a linear IWC trend of 2.6 +/- 1.2% decade(-1). Multiple regression of IWC to solar and trend terms reveals that 1.6% decade(-1) of the IWC trend can be attributed to a decline in solar Lyman alpha since 1979. The residual IWC trend from multiple regression (1.0% decade(-1)), presumably due to other external forcing such as changing atmospheric composition, is a factor of six less than PMC trends previously reported from a shorter time series of SBUV data. C1 [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. [Stevens, Michael H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Hervig, ME (reprint author), GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. EM m.e.hervig@gats-inc.com FU NASA/AIM mission - NASA's Small Explorers Program [NAS5-03132] FX This work was supported by the NASA/AIM mission which is funded by NASA's Small Explorers Program under contract NAS5-03132. We thank M.T. DeLand for rigorous analysis of the SBUV PMC data and for making the results available (sbuv2.gsfc.nasa.gov/pmc/scans_v3/). The SOFIE V1.2 summary files used in this work are available online at sofie.gats-inc.com. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12689 EP 12705 DI 10.1002/2014JD021923 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600017 ER PT J AU Timm, MJ Matta, CF Massa, L Huang, LL AF Timm, Matthew J. Matta, Cherif F. Massa, Lou Huang, Lulu TI The Localization-Delocalization Matrix and the Electron-Density-Weighted Connectivity Matrix of a Finite Graphene Nanoribbon Reconstructed from Kernel Fragments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INCREMENTAL CORRELATION TREATMENT; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATION; ENERGY DECOMPOSITION SCHEME; RING CRITICAL-POINTS; LARGE MOLECULES; HARTREE-FOCK; NONNUCLEAR ATTRACTORS; CONQUER APPROACH; CHARGE-DENSITY AB Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and chemical graph theory, merged in the localization-delocalization matrices (LDMs) and the electron-density-weighted connectivity matrices (EDWCM), are shown to benefit in computational speed from the kernel energy method (KEM). The LDM and EDWCM quantum chemical graph matrices of a 66-atom C46H20 hydrogen-terminated armchair graphene nanoribbon, in 14 (2x7) rings of C2v symmetry, are accurately reconstructed from kernel fragments. (This includes the full sets of electron densities at 84 bond critical points and 19 ring critical points, and the full sets of 66 localization and 4290 delocalization indices (LIs and DIs).) The average absolute deviations between KEM and directly calculated atomic electron populations, obtained from the sum of the LIs and half of the DIs of an atom, are 0.0012 +/- 0.0018 e(-) (similar to 0.02 +/- 0.03%) for carbon atoms and 0.0007 +/- 0.0003 e(-) (similar to 0.01 +/- 0.01%) for hydrogen atoms. The integration errors in the total electron population (296 electrons) are +0.0003 e(-) for the direct calculation (+0.0001%) and +0.0022 e(-) for KEM (+0.0007%). The accuracy of the KEM matrix elements is, thus, probably of the order of magnitude of the combined precision of the electronic structure calculation and the atomic integrations. KEM appears capable of delivering not only the total energies with chemical accuracy (which is well documented) but also local and nonlocal properties accurately, including the DIs between the fragments (crossing fragmentation lines). Matrices of the intact ribbon, the kernels, the KEM-reconstructed ribbon, and errors are available as Supporting Information . C1 [Timm, Matthew J.; Matta, Cherif F.] Mt St Vincent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada. [Matta, Cherif F.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. [Matta, Cherif F.] St Marys Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Lulu] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matta, CF (reprint author), Mt St Vincent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada. EM cherif.matta@msvu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Mount Saint Vincent University; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [47203-00 01]; PSC CUNY [63842-00 41]; U.S. Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX The authors thank Todd A. Keith, Ismat Sumar, and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Funding for this project was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Mount Saint Vincent University (C.F.M.), the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (project no. 47203-00 01), a PSC CUNY Award (project no. 63842-00 41) (L.M.), and the U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (L.H.) NR 105 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 47 BP 11304 EP 11316 DI 10.1021/jp508490p PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AU6OG UT WOS:000345721500019 PM 25343715 ER PT J AU Parker, JF Nelson, ES Wattendorf, MD Chervin, CN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Parker, Joseph F. Nelson, Eric S. Wattendorf, Matthew D. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Retaining the 3D Framework of Zinc Sponge Anodes upon Deep Discharge in Zn-Air Cells SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE zinc; zinc-air; batteries; morphology; energy; three-dimensional architecture ID FUEL-CELL; BATTERIES; ELECTRODE; CATHODE AB We fabricate three-dimensional zinc electrodes from emulsion-cast sponges of Zn powder that are thermally treated to produce rugged monoliths. This highly conductive, 3D-wired aperiodic scaffold achieves 740 mA h g(Zn)(-1) when discharged in primary Zn-air cells (>90% of theoretical Zn capacity). We use scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to monitor the microstructural evolution of a series of Zn sponges when oxidized in Zn-air cells to specific depths-of-discharge (20, 40, 60, 80% DOD) at a technologically relevant rate (C/40; 4-6 mA cm(-2)). The Zn sponges maintain their 3D-monolithic form factor at all DOD. The cell resistance remains low under all test conditions, indicating that an inner core of metallic Zn persists that 3D-electrically wires the electrode, even to deep DOD. C1 [Parker, Joseph F.; Nelson, Eric S.; Wattendorf, Matthew D.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parker, JF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.parker@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. J.F.P. acknowledges a Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV 26 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 22 BP 19471 EP 19476 DI 10.1021/am505266c PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AU6OF UT WOS:000345721400002 PM 25350789 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Chafin, AP Reams, JT Lamison, KR Ford, MD Kirby, SPJ Zavala, JJ Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Chafin, Andrew P. Reams, Josiah T. Lamison, Kevin R. Ford, Michael D. Kirby, Shawn P. J. Zavala, Jacob J. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Mechanisms of Decreased Moisture Uptake in Ortho-Methylated Di(cyanate ester) Networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CYANATE ESTER; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLYCYANURATE NETWORKS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITE; RESINS; HYBRID; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE AB Decreases of up to 50% in the moisture uptake of polycyanurate networks based on 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane (BADCy) and 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane (LECy) were observed when analogous networks containing a single methyl group ortho- to each arylcyanurate linkage were prepared by reduction and acid-catalyzed coupling of salicylic acid followed by treatment with cyanogen bromide and subsequent cyclotrimerization. The differences in water uptake were observed despite similar decreases in packing fraction as conversion proceeded in all networks studied. Conversely, the presence or absence of methyl groups at arylene bridges, remote from the cyanurate oxygen, had no influence on water uptake. Vitrification during cure had little effect on either free volume development or moisture uptake. These results confirm that steric hindrance from ortho-methyl groups inhibits absorption of water presumably by decreasing the thermodynamic favorability of sterically permitted interaction with the cyanurate oxygen. A further examination of the effect of two different catalysts, 2 parts per hundred of a 30:1 by weight mixture of nonylphenol and copper(II) acetylacetonate and 500 ppm of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), compared to analogous uncatalyzed networks, showed that hydrolytic stability was dramatically affected by catalyst choice, while thermochemical stability was also impacted. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms that determine structureproperty relationships in polycyanurate networks. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Kirby, Shawn P. J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.; Lamison, Kevin R.; Ford, Michael D.; Zavala, Jacob J.] Air Force Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Wright, Michael E.; Chafin, Andrew P.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@us.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Rocket Propulsion Division; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Cal Poly University Center for Excellence in STEM Education (CESAME) STEM Teacher and Researcher (STAR) program FX The support of the Office of Naval Research, Air Force Research Laboratory Rocket Propulsion Division, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. S.P.J.K. thanks the Cal Poly University Center for Excellence in STEM Education (CESAME) STEM Teacher and Researcher (STAR) program for sponsorship of a research internship at the Air Force Research Laboratory, under which a portion of this work was completed. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 22 BP 7691 EP 7700 DI 10.1021/ma501862a PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AU4AZ UT WOS:000345552700002 ER PT J AU Rosa, PFS Zeng, B Adriano, C Garitezi, TM Grant, T Fisk, Z Balicas, L Johannes, MD Urbano, RR Pagliuso, PG AF Rosa, P. F. S. Zeng, B. Adriano, C. Garitezi, T. M. Grant, T. Fisk, Z. Balicas, L. Johannes, M. D. Urbano, R. R. Pagliuso, P. G. TI Quantum oscillations in EuFe2As2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; IRON; BAFE2AS2 AB Quantum oscillation measurements provide relevant information about the Fermi surface (FS) properties of strongly correlated metals. Here, we report on the Shubnikov-de Haas effect via high-field resistivity measurements of EuFe2As2 (Eu122) and BaFe2As2 (Ba122) single crystals. Although both pnictide compounds are isovalent with similar effective masses and density of states, at the Fermi level, our results reveal subtle changes in their fermiology. Remarkably, although the spin-density-wave (SDW) ordering temperature is higher in the Eu-rich end, Eu122 displays a much more isotropic and three-dimensional-like FS when compared with Ba122, in agreement with band structure calculations. Our experimental results suggest an anisotropic contribution of the Fe 3d orbitals to the FS in Ba122. We speculate that this orbital differentiation may be responsible for the suppression of the SDW phase in the FeAs-based compounds. C1 [Rosa, P. F. S.; Adriano, C.; Garitezi, T. M.; Urbano, R. R.; Pagliuso, P. G.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Rosa, P. F. S.; Grant, T.; Fisk, Z.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zeng, B.; Balicas, L.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Johannes, M. D.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosa, PFS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Grant, Ted/O-7453-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Grant, Ted/0000-0002-2636-8212; FU FAPESP-SP; AFOSR MURI; CNPq; FINEP-Brazil; DOE-BES [DE-SC0002613]; NSF [NSF-DMR-0084173]; U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; State of Florida FX This work was supported by FAPESP-SP, AFOSR MURI, CNPq, and FINEP-Brazil. L.B. is supported by DOE-BES through Award No. DE-SC0002613. Work at NHMFL was performed under the auspices of the NSF through Grant No. NSF-DMR-0084173 and the State of Florida. Funding for M.D.J. was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 19 AR 195146 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.195146 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AU3UH UT WOS:000345538500003 ER PT J AU Lumb, MP Steiner, MA Geisz, JF Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Steiner, Myles A. Geisz, John F. Walters, Robert J. TI Incorporating photon recycling into the analytical drift-diffusion model of high efficiency solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHOCKLEY-QUEISSER LIMIT; GAAS; RECOMBINATION; PERFORMANCE; LUMINESCENCE; COHERENT AB The analytical drift-diffusion formalism is able to accurately simulate a wide range of solar cell architectures and was recently extended to include those with back surface reflectors. However, as solar cells approach the limits of material quality, photon recycling effects become increasingly important in predicting the behavior of these cells. In particular, the minority carrier diffusion length is significantly affected by the photon recycling, with consequences for the solar cell performance. In this paper, we outline an approach to account for photon recycling in the analytical Hovel model and compare analytical model predictions to GaAs-based experimental devices operating close to the fundamental efficiency limit. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steiner, Myles A.; Geisz, John F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, 2121 1 St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank I. Vurgaftman for advice and helpful suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript, J. G. J. Adams, V. C. Elarde, and the R&D team at MicroLink Devices, and D. Friedman, I. Garcia, and S. Kurtz of NREL for helpful discussions relating to this work. Research at NREL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 and funded in part by the Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 19 AR 194504 DI 10.1063/1.4902320 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU3LC UT WOS:000345513700054 ER PT J AU Yadav, RB Ma, WC Marsh, JC Ijaz, QA Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Hoffman, CR Lauritsen, T Zhu, S Kondev, FG Urdal, GG Hagemann, GB Hartley, DJ Riedinger, LL Mukhopadhyay, S AF Yadav, R. B. Ma, W. C. Marsh, J. C. Ijaz, Q. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Carpenter, M. P. Hoffman, C. R. Lauritsen, T. Zhu, S. Kondev, F. G. Urdal, G. G. Hagemann, G. B. Hartley, D. J. Riedinger, L. L. Mukhopadhyay, S. TI Multiple excitation modes in Hf-163 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; WELL; CROSSINGS; LU-161; ER-158; STATES AB Excited states of Hf-163 were populated using the Zr-94(Ge-74,5n) reaction and the decay gamma rays were measured with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Two previously known bands were extended to higher spins, and nine new bands were identified. In addition to bands associated with three- and five-quasiparticle configurations, two gamma-vibrational bands coupled to the i(13/2) excitation were also observed. The lowest level of a newly identified, negative-parity band is proposed to be the ground state of the nucleus. A systematic delay of the high-spin proton crossing frequency with increasing quadrupole deformation from Hf-162 to Hf-172 was established. Extensive band searches failed to reveal a triaxial, strongly deformed structure in Hf-163 similar to the one observed in several nuclei around A similar to 165. C1 [Yadav, R. B.; Ma, W. C.; Marsh, J. C.; Ijaz, Q. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Hoffman, C. R.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kondev, F. G.; Urdal, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hagemann, G. B.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Nucl Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. RP Yadav, RB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Hoffman, Calem/H-4325-2016 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Hoffman, Calem/0000-0001-7141-9827 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU), DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL)]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1203100 (USNA)] FX The authors thank the ANL operations staff at Gammasphere and gratefully acknowledge the efforts of J. P. Greene for the target preparation. This material was based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Award No. DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU) and under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1203100 (USNA). This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 054325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.054325 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AU2RW UT WOS:000345466300002 ER PT J AU Gor, GY AF Gor, Gennady Y. TI Adsorption Stress Changes the Elasticity of Liquid Argon Confined in a Nanopore SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY MODEL; MICROPOROUS MATERIALS; INDUCED DEFORMATION; POROMECHANICS; PRESSURE; COAL; SOLIDS; SILICA; FLUID AB Knowledge of the elastic properties of a fluid is crucial for predicting its flow under high pressure, particularly in porous melt. However, when a fluid is confined to a nanopore, many of its thermodynamic properties change as compared to bulk. Here we study the effect,,o14.,. confinement on the bulk modulus of liquid argon adsorbed in mesopores using classical density functional theory. We show that, at pressures lower than the saturation pressure, high adsorption stress in the pore causesIth lowering of the fluid bulk modulus, a phenomenon which was recent] observed experimentally [Schappert, K.; Paster, R. Europhys. Lett. 2014, Os 5600]. Furthermore, we find that the pore size has a strong effect on the fluid bulk modulus, so that even at saturation, the elastic properties nanoconfined fluid differ from the bulk values. We show that this difference is also due to the adsorption stress. Our results provide',-a basis for 'a new : method for characterization of porous materials and have implications for such as coal or shale. C1 [Gor, Gennady Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gor, GY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ggor@princeton.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 45 BP 13564 EP 13569 DI 10.1021/la503877q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AT9RS UT WOS:000345264500009 PM 25346060 ER PT J AU Alidoust, M Halterman, K AF Alidoust, Mohammad Halterman, Klaus TI Long-range triplet supercurrents induced by singlet supercurrents parallel to magnetic interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB Employing a spin-parameterized Keldysh-Usadel technique for the diffusive regime, we demonstrate that even in the low proximity limit, considerable long-ranged triplet supercurrents can be effectively generated by spin-singlet supercurrents flowing parallel to the interfaces of uniform double ferromagnet interlayers with noncollinear exchange fields independent of actual junction geometry. The triplet supercurrents are found to be most pronounced when the thicknesses of the ferromagnet strips are unequal. To experimentally verify this generic phenomenon, we propose an accessible and controllable structure that can fully isolate the long-range triplet effects. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Alidoust, Mohammad] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Halterman, Klaus] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Alidoust, Mohammad] Univ Isfahan, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Esfahan 8174673441, Iran. RP Alidoust, M (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM phymalidoust@gmail.com; klaus.halterman@navy.mil OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134; Alidoust, Mohammad/0000-0002-1554-687X FU ONR; DOD HPCMP FX We would like to thank G. Sewell for valuable instructions in the numerical parts of this work. We also appreciate N. O. Birge for useful conversations and comments. K.H. is supported in part by ONR and by a grant of supercomputer resources provided by the DOD HPCMP. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 20 AR 202601 DI 10.1063/1.4898205 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU3KZ UT WOS:000345513300051 ER PT J AU Haegel, NM Christian, T Scandrett, C Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A Misra, P Liu, T Sukiasyan, A Pickett, E Yuen, H AF Haegel, N. M. Christian, T. Scandrett, C. Norman, A. G. Mascarenhas, A. Misra, Pranob Liu, Ting Sukiasyan, Arsen Pickett, Evan Yuen, Homan TI Doping dependence and anisotropy of minority electron mobility in molecular beam epitaxy-grown p type GaInP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL ANISOTROPY; MODULATION; ALLOYS AB Direct imaging of minority electron transport via the spatially resolved recombination luminescence signature has been used to determine carrier diffusion lengths in GaInP as a function of doping. Minority electron mobility values are determined by performing time resolved photoluminescence measurements of carrier lifetime on the same samples. Values at 300K vary from similar to 2000 to 400 cm(2)/V s and decrease with increasing doping. Anisotropic diffusion lengths and strongly polarized photoluminescence are observed, resulting from lateral composition modulation along the [110] direction. We report anisotropic mobility values associated with carrier transport parallel and perpendicular to the modulation direction. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Haegel, N. M.; Christian, T.; Norman, A. G.; Mascarenhas, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Scandrett, C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Misra, Pranob; Liu, Ting; Sukiasyan, Arsen; Pickett, Evan; Yuen, Homan] Solar Junct Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X FU Naval Postgraduate School in part by National Science Foundation [DMR-0804527]; NPS Energy Academic Group; Navy Energy Coordination Office; Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF) [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC36-08GO28308] FX This work was supported at the Naval Postgraduate School in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0804527 and in part by the NPS Energy Academic Group with funding from the Navy Energy Coordination Office. T.C. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under Control No. DE-AC05-06OR23100. TRPL work at NREL was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under DEAC36-08GO28308. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 20 AR 202116 DI 10.1063/1.4902316 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU3KZ UT WOS:000345513300044 ER PT J AU Yin, P Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Yin, Ping Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Bis(nitroamino-1,2,4-triazolates): N-Bridging Strategy Toward Insensitive Energetic Materials SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bis(1,2,4-triazolates); detonation performance; energetic materials; polynitro compounds ID IONIC LIQUIDS; DERIVATIVES; SALTS; EXPLOSIVES; NITRATION; DESIGN; MONO AB Modern energetic motifs for military and civilian applications are most often evaluated using various criteria, for example, energetic properties, production costs, and safety issues. Given this background, the design of energetic materials requires a deep understanding of both detonation performance and molecular stability. Here a new family of energetic bis(nitroamino-1,2,4-triazolates), which exhibit good thermal stabilities, excellent detonation properties, and low sensitivities, has been designed. Furthermore, two hydroxylammonium bis(azolates) with pyrazole and tetrazole backbones were synthesized, and they exhibit energetic properties analogous to the triazoles. This work highlights the application potential of N-bridged bis(azolates) as promising energetic materials. C1 [Yin, Ping; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 62 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 47 BP 12889 EP 12892 DI 10.1002/anie.201408127 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AT2UY UT WOS:000344793400039 PM 25293640 ER PT J AU Thindza, M Flynn, RA Shirk, JS Beadie, G AF Thindza, Michael Flynn, Richard A. Shirk, James S. Beadie, G. TI Thin sample refractive index by transmission spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROMETRY; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; LENSES; SPECTROMETER; THICKNESS AB Transmission spectroscopy and a small number of refractometer index measurements are combined to provide refractive index measurements of transparent samples similar to 50 um thick at hundreds of wavelengths with absolute accuracies <1x10(-4). Key to the technique is the use of independent index measurements to circumvent the need for an independent thickness measurement of the sample. The method was demonstrated on glass samples where fits to Cauchy curves had RMS accuracies <3x10(-5) from 415 to 1610 nm. Issues that must be addressed to reach this level of accuracy are discussed. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Thindza, Michael; Flynn, Richard A.; Beadie, G.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shirk, James S.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM polymer_GRIN_lenses@nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA FX The authors wish to acknowledge DARPA for financial support for this work. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Distribution Statement A: This document has been approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 23 BP 28537 EP 28552 DI 10.1364/OE.22.028537 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT9TI UT WOS:000345268500077 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Ferraro, M Goetz, PG Murphy, JL AF Rabinovich, W. S. Mahon, R. Ferraro, M. Goetz, P. G. Murphy, J. L. TI Reduction of scintillation in optical modulating retro-reflector links SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TO-STRONG TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; BEAM; STATISTICS; SYSTEM AB Optical modulating retro-reflectors enable free-space optical links that have greatly reduced pointing requirements and do not require a laser at one end of the link. However, these types of links can exhibit very high optical scintillation due to the double passage of the beam through the atmosphere. This high scintillation causes fades and surges that can lead to packet errors in the link. It is shown that scintillation can be greatly reduced through a combination of techniques including retro-reflector diversity, aperture averaging and bistatic optical interrogation. Improvements of 20 dB in link performance are demonstrated. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Rabinovich, W. S.; Mahon, R.; Ferraro, M.; Goetz, P. G.; Murphy, J. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 23 BP 28553 EP 28565 DI 10.1364/OE.22.028553 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT9TI UT WOS:000345268500078 PM 25402097 ER PT J AU McWilliams, B Dibelka, J Yen, CF AF McWilliams, B. Dibelka, J. Yen, C. -F. TI Multi scale modeling and characterization of inelastic deformation mechanisms in continuous fiber and 2D woven fabric reinforced metal matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Metal matrix composites (MMCs); Mechanical properties; Finite element method; Micromechanics; Cohesive zone modeling ID TENSILE-STRENGTH; FLOW-STRESS; ALUMINUM; DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; YIELD AB Continuous unidirectional ceramic fiber and woven fabric reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) have potential to obtain very high specific strengths and stiffnesses, but use in structural applications has thus far been limited by their inherently low ductility, particularly in tensile loading conditions. In this work, a multi-scale micromechanics based finite element framework is used to predict, and understand the effect of microstructure on the tensile deformation behavior, including progressive damage and failure, of ceramic fiber and fabric reinforced MMCs. A hierarchal approach is implemented in which a micro-scale model is used to determine the transversely isotropic elasto-plastic mechanical behavior of unidirectional fiber reinforced MMC based on the properties of an aluminum alloy matrix, individual ceramic fibers, and the fiber-matrix interface. The validated transversely isotropic constitutive behavior is then input into a unit cell model for a woven fabric MMC consisting of unidirectional MMC tows in an aluminum matrix. Parallel experimental tensile testing and characterization of fracture mechanisms are used to validate our model for unidirectional and 2D weave fabric MMC. Cohesive zones are used to model the interfacial properties at both scales and we are able to quantify the contribution of various deformation and damage mechanisms such as ductile matrix failure, interfacial decohesion, transverse plasticity, and axial fiber fracture to the overall mechanical response of the MMC. It was found that interfacial debonding contributes significantly to the inelastic response of unidirectional and woven fabric MMC and that experimental data are relatively well reproduced by a model that assumes a weak interfacial debonding cohesive law (maximum allowable interface stresses on the order of 100 MPa and total work of decohesion = 75 J/m(2)). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McWilliams, B.; Yen, C. -F.] US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Dibelka, J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP McWilliams, B (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM brandon.a.mcwilliams.civ@mail.mil; jessica.a.dibelka.civ@mail.mil; chianfong.yen.civ@mail.mil NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 618 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.063 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AS7MG UT WOS:000344439500018 ER PT J AU Sundermeyer, MA Skyllingstad, E Ledwell, JR Concannon, B Terray, EA Birch, D Pierce, SD Cervantes, B AF Sundermeyer, Miles A. Skyllingstad, Eric Ledwell, James R. Concannon, Brian Terray, Eugene A. Birch, Daniel Pierce, Stephen D. Cervantes, Brandy TI Observations and numerical simulations of large-eddy circulation in the ocean surface mixed layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE; WIND; WAVES AB Two near-surface dye releases were mapped on scales of minutes to hours temporally, meters to order 1 km horizontally, and 1-20 m vertically using a scanning, depth-resolving airborne lidar. In both cases, dye evolved into a series of rolls with their major axes approximately aligned with the wind and/or near-surface current. In both cases, roll spacing was also of order 5-10 times the mixed layer depth, considerably larger than the 1-2 aspect ratio expected for Langmuir cells. Numerical large-eddy simulations under similar forcing showed similar features, even without Stokes drift forcing. In one case, inertial shear driven by light winds induced large aspect ratio large-eddy circulation. In the second, a preexisting lateral mixed layer density gradient provided the dominant forcing. In both cases, the growth of the large-eddy structures and the strength of the resulting dispersion were highly dependent on the type of forcing. C1 [Sundermeyer, Miles A.; Birch, Daniel] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Skyllingstad, Eric; Pierce, Stephen D.; Cervantes, Brandy] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ledwell, James R.; Terray, Eugene A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Concannon, Brian] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Sundermeyer, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM msundermeyer@umassd.edu FU Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Technology Innovation Fund through Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Coastal Ocean Institute through Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [27001545]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0984]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0194, N00014-09-1-0175, N00014-11-WX-21010, N00014-12-WX-21031, N00014-09-1-0460]; NSF [OCE-0751734, OCE-0751653]; [N00014-09-1-0268] FX Support for the 2004 field experiment was provided by the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Technology Innovation Fund and Coastal Ocean Institute grant 27001545, both through Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-01-1-0984. Support for the 2011 field experiments was provided by ONR grants N00014-09-1-0194, N00014-09-1-0175, N00014-11-WX-21010, N00014-12-WX-21031, and N00014-09-1-0460 and NSF grants OCE-0751734 and OCE-0751653. Simulations were supported under grant N00014-09-1-0268. Lidar data represented in Figures 1 and 3 can be obtained by contacting M. Sundermeyer. Numerical model results depicted in Figures 2 and 4 can be obtained by contacting E. Skyllingstad. In memoriam Murray Levine. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7584 EP 7590 DI 10.1002/2014GL061637 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU3MT UT WOS:000345518300023 ER PT J AU Maalouf, M MacKenzie, CA Radakrishnan, S Court, M AF Maalouf, Maher MacKenzie, Cameron. A. Radakrishnan, Sridhar Court, Mary TI A new fuzzy logic approach to capacitated dynamic Dial-a-Ride problem SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Dial-a-Ride problem; Fuzzy logic; Transportation ID TIME WINDOWS; LINGUISTIC-SYNTHESIS; HEURISTIC ALGORITHM; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; TRANSPORTATION; SYSTEMS AB Almost all Dial-a-Ride problems (DARP) described in the literature pertain to the design of optimal routes and schedules for n customers who specify pick-up and drop-off times. In this article we assume that the customer is mainly concerned with the drop-off time because it is the most important to the customer. Based on the drop-off time specified by the customer and the customer's location, a pick-up time is calculated and given to the customer by the dispatching office. We base our formulation on a dynamic fuzzy logic approach in which a new request is assigned to a vehicle. The fuzzy logic algorithm chooses the vehicle to transport the customer by seeking to satisfy two objectives. The first reflects the customer's preference and minimizes the time a customer spends in the vehicle, and the second reflects the company's preference and minimizes the distance a vehicle needs to travel to transport the customer. The proposed heuristic algorithm is relatively simple and computationally efficient in comparison with most deterministic algorithms for solving both small and large sized problems. C1 [Maalouf, Maher] Khalifa Univ, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [MacKenzie, Cameron. A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Radakrishnan, Sridhar] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Court, Mary] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Maalouf, M (reprint author), Khalifa Univ, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM maher.maalouf@kustar.ac.ae; camacken@nps.edu; sridhar@ou.edu; mcourt@ou.edu OI Maalouf, Maher/0000-0003-0516-6870 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 EI 1872-6801 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 255 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fss.2014.03.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AR1XV UT WOS:000343378800003 ER PT J AU Grizzle, RE Ward, LG Fredriksson, DW Irish, JD Langan, R Heinig, CS Greene, JK Abeels, HA Peter, CR Eberhardt, AL AF Grizzle, R. E. Ward, L. G. Fredriksson, D. W. Irish, J. D. Langan, R. Heinig, C. S. Greene, J. K. Abeels, H. A. Peter, C. R. Eberhardt, A. L. TI Long-term seafloor monitoring at an open ocean aquaculture site in the western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an adaptive protocol SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Finfish cages; Benthos; Environmental impacts; Adaptive monitoring ID FISH CAGE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; WASTE TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; SEDIMENTS; IMPACTS; DEPOSITION; DYNAMICS; CULTURE; FARMS AB The seafloor at an open ocean finfish aquaculture facility in the western Gulf of Maine, USA was monitored from 1999 to 2008 by sampling sites inside a predicted impact area modeled by oceanographic conditions and fecal and food settling characteristics, and nearby reference sites. Univariate and multivariate analyses of benthic community measures from box core samples indicated minimal or no significant differences between impact and reference areas. These findings resulted in development of an adaptive monitoring protocol involving initial low-cost methods that required more intensive and costly efforts only when negative impacts were initially indicated. The continued growth of marine aquaculture is dependent on further development of farming methods that minimize negative environmental impacts, as well as effective monitoring protocols. Adaptive monitoring protocols, such as the one described herein, coupled with mathematical modeling approaches, have the potential to provide effective protection of the environment while minimize monitoring effort and costs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grizzle, R. E.; Ward, L. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ward, L. G.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fredriksson, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Irish, J. D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Engn Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Langan, R.] Univ New Hampshire, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heinig, C. S.] MER Assessment Corp, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Greene, J. K.] Nature Conservancy, North Amer Reg, Oceans & Coasts Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Abeels, H. A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Cocoa, FL 32926 USA. [Peter, C. R.; Eberhardt, A. L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Grizzle, RE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ray.grizzle@unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospehric Administration; UNH Atlantic Marine Aquaculture Center; UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center Award [NA10NOS4000073] FX The environmental monitoring program for the University of New Hampshire Open Ocean Aquaculture Demonstration Project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospehric Administration via grants to the University of New Hampshire (UNH) Cooperative Institute for New England Mariculture and Fisheries (CINEMAR) and the UNH Atlantic Marine Aquaculture Center. Additional funding for Ward was provided by UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center Award NA10NOS4000073. Nearly all of the field sampling and deployments was conducted using UNH Research Vessel Gulf Challenger. Field work was assisted by a number of UNH personnel including Mellissa Brodeur, Jamie Adams and David Shay. The manuscript was improved substantially by the thoughtful comments of one reviewer. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU3CG UT WOS:000345489800027 PM 25287226 ER PT J AU Agassi, YD Oates, DE AF Agassi, Y. D. Oates, D. E. TI Intermodulation distortion and surface resistance in impurity-doped YBCO and MgB2 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Surface resistance; Magnesium diboride; Intermodulation distortion; Thin films; Energy-gap symmetry ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE PENETRATION-DEPTH; THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE RESPONSE; SCATTERING; IMPEDANCE; NONLINEARITY; RESONATORS; DEPENDENCE; EQUATIONS AB Calculations of the microwave intermodulation distortion (IMD) and surface resistance of impuritydoped YBCO, MgB2 and Nb are presented. These are qualitatively distinct superconductors due to their energy-gap symmetries, d-wave (l = 2), i-wave (l = 6) and s-wave (l = 0), respectively. The calculations are compared with previously published IMD and surface-resistance measurements of impurity-doped YBCO and Nb. The agreement between the data and fitted calculations is excellent in all cases. In the absence of IMD and surface-resistance measurements for doped MgB2, we present representative predictions. The calculations are based on a Green's-function approach that yields analytical expressions for the penetration depth and the nonlinear kernel in the constitutive relation. This penetration-depth expression reproduces the measured T-2 low-temperature variation for doped superconductors and the surface-resistance reduction over that of the pure material. Regarding the IMD in superconductors with a nodal energy gap, the effect of doping is to enhance its magnitude and suppress its low-temperature 1/T-2 divergence predicted by the nonlinear Meissner effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Agassi, Y. D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Oates, D. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu FU Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Bethesda, MD FX This work was supported by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Bethesda, MD. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 506 SI SI BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2014.09.006 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS4JD UT WOS:000344240100018 ER PT J AU Love, CT Virji, MBV Rocheleau, RE Swider-Lyons, KE AF Love, Corey T. Virji, Maheboob B. V. Rocheleau, Richard E. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI State-of-health monitoring of 18650 4S packs with a single-point impedance diagnostic SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Lithium ion battery; State of health; Overcharge; Safety; 18650 ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; LI; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; LIXCOO2; SAFETY; MODEL AB The state-of-health (SOH) of Li-ion batteries and battery packs must be monitored effectively for abuse to prevent failure and accidents. In a previous publication, we described a single-point impedance diagnostic method for detecting damage in single prismatic lithium polymer rechargeable cells subjected to overcharge abuse. We now determine whether the single-point impedance diagnostic method is applicable to 45 battery packs. At 316 Hz, commercial 18650 LiCoO2 cells are determined to have the least change in impedance response when cycled between 3.0 and 4.2 V, for states-of-charge (SOC) of 0-100%. The impedance response of single cells at 316 Hz changes dramatically during overcharge (SOC = 125%), presumably due to change in their solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers at the electrodes. When a single cell is purposely subjected to such overcharge abuse and then integrated into a 4S pack with 3 other healthy cells, the impedance response of the 4S pack at 316 Hz also changes, despite variances in the impedance response of each of the 3 healthy cells. The results suggest that this single-point impedance method could serve as a diagnostic in an all-inclusive battery management system to identify overcharge abuse of single cells without individual cell monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Love, Corey T.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Virji, Maheboob B. V.; Rocheleau, Richard E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM corey.love@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 266 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AL0GV UT WOS:000338806300065 ER PT J AU Hillson, R Alejandre, JD Jacobsen, KH Ansumana, R Bockarie, AS Bangura, U Lamin, JM Malanoski, AP Stenger, DA AF Hillson, Roger Alejandre, Joel D. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. Ansumana, Rashid Bockarie, Alfred S. Bangura, Umaru Lamin, Joseph M. Malanoski, Anthony P. Stenger, David A. TI Methods for Determining the Uncertainty of Population Estimates Derived from Satellite Imagery and Limited Survey Data: A Case Study of Bo City, Sierra Leone SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; EPIDEMIC AB This study demonstrates the use of bootstrap methods to estimate the total population of urban and periurban areas using satellite imagery and limited survey data. We conducted complete household surveys in 20 neighborhoods in the city of Bo, Sierra Leone, which collectively were home to 25,954 persons living in 1,979 residential structures. For five of those twenty sections, we quantized the rooftop areas of structures extracted from satellite images. We used bootstrap statistical methods to estimate the total population of the pooled sections, including the associated uncertainty intervals, as a function of sample size. Evaluations based either on rooftop area per person or on the mean number of occupants per residence both converged on the true population size. We demonstrate with this simulation that demographic surveys of a relatively small proportion of residences can provide a foundation for accurately estimating the total population in conjunction with aerial photographs. C1 [Hillson, Roger; Alejandre, Joel D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Jacobsen, Kathryn H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ansumana, Rashid; Bockarie, Alfred S.] Njala Univ, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Ansumana, Rashid; Bockarie, Alfred S.; Bangura, Umaru; Lamin, Joseph M.] Mercy Hosp Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Malanoski, Anthony P.; Stenger, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.stenger@nrl.navy.mil RI Jacobsen, Kathryn/B-5857-2008; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Jacobsen, Kathryn/0000-0002-4198-6246; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Joint Science and Technology Office FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Joint Science and Technology Office via contract to the United States Naval Research Laboratory. There is no past, present or future Intellectual Property associated with the work described in the paper, and none of the authors have any financial interests or conflicts in the outcome of the study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 14 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112241 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112241 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU4DF UT WOS:000345558500039 PM 25398101 ER PT J AU Seo, DM Afroz, T Allen, JL Boyle, PD Trulove, PC De Long, HC Henderson, WA AF Seo, Daniel M. Afroz, Taliman Allen, Joshua L. Boyle, Paul D. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Henderson, Wesley A. TI Structural Interactions within Lithium Salt Solvates: Cyclic Carbonates and Esters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CONCENTRATED LIQUID; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; IONIC ASSOCIATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES AB Only limited information is available regarding the manner in which cyclic carbonate and ester solvents coordinate Li+ cations in electrolyte solutions for lithium batteries. One approach to gleaning significant insight into these interactions is to examine crystalline solvate structures. To this end, eight new solvate structures are reported with ethylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, and gamma-valerolactone: (EC)(3):LiClO4, (EC)(2):LiClO4, (EC)(2):LiBF4, (GBL)(4):LiPF6, (GBL)(1):LiClO4, (GVL)(1):LiClO4, (GBL)(1):LiBF4, and (GBL)(1):LiCF3SO3. The crystal structure of (EC)(1):LiCF3SO3 is also re-reported for comparison. These structures enable the factors that govern the manner in which the ions are coordinated and the ion/solvent packing-in the solid-state-to be scrutinized in detail. C1 [Seo, Daniel M.; Afroz, Taliman; Allen, Joshua L.; Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquids & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET L, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boyle, Paul D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Xray Struct Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Henderson, Wesley A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Electrochem Mat & Syst Grp, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henderson, WA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquids & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET L, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Wesley.Henderson@pnnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002169] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, which supported this research under Award DE-SC0002169. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 45 BP 25884 EP 25889 DI 10.1021/jp5079168 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AT5IW UT WOS:000344978000008 ER PT J AU Schaefer, GH ten Brummelaar, T Gies, DR Farrington, CD Kloppenborg, B Chesneau, O Monnier, JD Ridgway, ST Scott, N Tallon-Bosc, I McAlister, HA Boyajian, T Maestro, V Mourard, D Meilland, A Nardetto, N Stee, P Sturmann, J Vargas, N Baron, F Ireland, M Baines, EK Che, X Jones, J Richardson, ND Roettenbacher, RM Sturmann, L Turner, NH Tuthill, P van Belle, G von Braun, K Zavala, RT Banerjee, DPK Ashok, NM Joshi, V Becker, J Muirhead, PS AF Schaefer, G. H. ten Brummelaar, T. Gies, D. R. Farrington, C. D. Kloppenborg, B. Chesneau, O. Monnier, J. D. Ridgway, S. T. Scott, N. Tallon-Bosc, I. McAlister, H. A. Boyajian, T. Maestro, V. Mourard, D. Meilland, A. Nardetto, N. Stee, P. Sturmann, J. Vargas, N. Baron, F. Ireland, M. Baines, E. K. Che, X. Jones, J. Richardson, N. D. Roettenbacher, R. M. Sturmann, L. Turner, N. H. Tuthill, P. van Belle, G. von Braun, K. Zavala, R. T. Banerjee, D. P. K. Ashok, N. M. Joshi, V. Becker, J. Muirhead, P. S. TI The expanding fireball of Nova Delphini 2013 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL NOVAE; INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC EVOLUTION; RECURRENT NOVAE; T PYXIDIS; OUTBURST; SHELLS; SPECTROGRAPH; REMNANTS; PHASE AB A classical nova occurs when material accreting onto the surface of a white dwarf in a close binary system ignites in a thermonuclear runaway(1,2). Complex structures observed in the ejecta at late stages(3-5) could result from interactions with the companion during the common-envelope phase(6,7). Alternatively, the explosion could be intrinsically bipolar, resulting from a localized ignition on the surface of the white dwarf(8) or as a consequence of rotational distortion(9,10). Studying the structure of novae during the earliest phases is challenging because of the high spatial resolution needed to measure their small sizes(11). Here we report near-infrared interferometric measurements of the angular size of Nova Delphini 2013, starting one day after the explosion and continuing with extensive time coverage during the first 43 days. Changes in the apparent expansion rate can be explained by an explosion model consisting of an optically thick core surrounded by a diffuse envelope. The optical depth of the ejected material changes as it expands. We detect an ellipticity in the light distribution, suggesting a prolate or bipolar structure that develops as early as the second day. Combining the angular expansion rate with radial velocity measurements, we derive a geometric distance to the nova of 4.54 +/- 60.59 kiloparsecs from the Sun. C1 [Schaefer, G. H.; ten Brummelaar, T.; Farrington, C. D.; Scott, N.; Sturmann, J.; Vargas, N.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. H.] Georgia State Univ, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson Observ, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. [Gies, D. R.; Kloppenborg, B.; McAlister, H. A.; Baron, F.; Jones, J.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Gies, D. R.; Kloppenborg, B.; McAlister, H. A.; Baron, F.; Jones, J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Chesneau, O.; Mourard, D.; Meilland, A.; Nardetto, N.; Stee, P.] Univ Sophia Antipolis UNS, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, Lab Lagrange,UMR 7293, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Monnier, J. D.; Che, X.; Roettenbacher, R. M.; Becker, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ridgway, S. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tallon-Bosc, I.] Univ Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France. [Tallon-Bosc, I.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Boyajian, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Maestro, V.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Ireland, M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Baines, E. K.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Richardson, N. D.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Richardson, N. D.] Univ Montreal, CRAQ, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [van Belle, G.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [von Braun, K.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zavala, R. T.] US Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Banerjee, D. P. K.; Ashok, N. M.; Joshi, V.] Phys Res Lab, Astron & Astrophys Div, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Becker, J.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Muirhead, P. S.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Schaefer, GH (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson Observ, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. EM schaefer@chara-array.org RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011; Muirhead, Philip/H-2273-2014; OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870; Muirhead, Philip/0000-0002-0638-8822; Becker, Juliette/0000-0002-7733-4522; Richardson, Noel/0000-0002-2806-9339 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1009080]; National Science Foundation through NSF grants [AST 0908253, AST 1211129]; Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. We thank O. Garde and other members of the Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy for use of their archive of Nova Del 2013 spectra. We thank G. J. Schwarz, S. N. Shore, and F. M. Walter for discussions that helped us to interpret the nova observations. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number AST-1009080. The CHARA Array is funded by the National Science Foundation through NSF grants AST 0908253 and AST 1211129, and by Georgia State University through the College of Arts and Sciences. This publication made use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 515 IS 7526 BP 234 EP U182 DI 10.1038/nature13834 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT0MZ UT WOS:000344631400042 PM 25363778 ER PT J AU Stimpert, AK DeRuiter, SL Southall, BL Moretti, DJ Falcone, EA Goldbogen, JA Friedlaender, A Schorr, GS Calambokidis, J AF Stimpert, A. K. DeRuiter, S. L. Southall, B. L. Moretti, D. J. Falcone, E. A. Goldbogen, J. A. Friedlaender, A. Schorr, G. S. Calambokidis, J. TI Acoustic and foraging behavior of a Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii, exposed to simulated sonar SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; PREY CAPTURE; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; KILLER WHALES; ECHOLOCATION; PORPOISES; KINEMATICS AB Beaked whales are hypothesized to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise, based on previous strandings and limited experimental and observational data. However, few species have been studied in detail. We describe the underwater behavior of a Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) from the first deployment of a multi-sensor acoustic tag on this species. The animal exhibited shallow (23 +/- 15 m max depth), intermediate (324 +/- 49 m), and deep (1138 +/- 243 m) dives. Echolocation clicks were produced with a mean inter-click interval of approximately 300 ms and peak frequency of 25 kHz. Two deep dives included presumed foraging behavior, with echolocation pulsed sounds (presumed prey capture attempts) associated with increased maneuvering, and sustained inverted swimming during the bottom phase of the dive. A controlled exposure to simulated mid-frequency active sonar (3.5-4 kHz) was conducted 4 hours after tag deployment, and within 3 minutes of exposure onset, the tagged whale increased swim speed and body movement, and continued to show unusual dive behavior for each of its next three dives, one of each type. These are the first data on the acoustic foraging behavior in this largest beaked whale species, and the first experimental demonstration of a response to simulated sonar. C1 [Stimpert, A. K.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stimpert, A. K.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [DeRuiter, S. L.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modeling, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Southall, B. L.] Southall Environm Associates Inc, Aptos, CA USA. [Moretti, D. J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Falcone, E. A.; Schorr, G. S.; Calambokidis, J.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [Goldbogen, J. A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Friedlaender, A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Sea & Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stimpert, AK (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM astimpert@mlml.calstate.edu OI Goldbogen, Jeremy/0000-0002-4170-7294; DeRuiter, Stacy/0000-0002-0571-0306 FU US Navy Chief of Naval Operations; Environmental Readiness Program; Office of Naval Research; Naval Postgraduate School; National Research Council; NMFS [14534]; Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary [2010-003] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all the SOCAL-BRS team members, especially Peter Tyack, Patricia Arranz, John Joseph, Ashley Dilley, Scott Fisher, Karin Fulkerson, Ron Morrissey, the U. S. Navy's SCORE range, and the crew of the R/V Truth. Eva Nosal provided valuable advice, and we also acknowledge the contributions of Mark Johnson, who developed many tag data analysis tools that were modified for this work. Research was supported by the US Navy Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Program, the Office of Naval Research, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the National Research Council. Experiments were performed under NMFS permit no. 14534 and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary permit no. 2010-003 (B. Southall, principal investigator for both). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 72 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7031 DI 10.1038/srep07031 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT2JZ UT WOS:000344762200006 PM 25391309 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Vurgaftman, I Pipino, ACR Reintjes, J AF Bashkansky, Mark Vurgaftman, Igor Pipino, Andrew C. R. Reintjes, J. TI Significance of heralding in spontaneous parametric down-conversion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCES AB Single photons exhibit nonclassical, counterintuitive behavior that can be exploited in the developing field of quantum technology. They are needed for various applications such as quantum key distribution, optical quantum information processing, quantum computing, intensity measurement standards, and others yet to be discovered in this developing field. This drives the current intensive research into the realization of true deterministic sources of single photons on demand. Lacking such a source, many researchers default to the well-established workhorse: spontaneous parametric down-conversion that generates entangled signal-idler pairs. Since this source is thermal statistical in nature, it is common to use a detected idler photon to herald the production of a signal photon. The need exists to determine the quality of the single photons generated in the heralded signal beam. Quite often, the literature reports a heralded second-order coherence function of the signal photons conditioned on the idler photons using readily available single-photon detectors. In this work we examine the applicability of this technique to single-photon characterization and the consequences of the fact that the most commonly used single-photon detectors are not photon-number resolving. Our results show that this method using non-photon-resolving detectors can only be used to characterize the signal-idler correlations rather than the nature of the signal-photon state alone. C1 [Bashkansky, Mark; Vurgaftman, Igor] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pipino, Andrew C. R.] Strateg Engn Syst, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. [Reintjes, J.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 12 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053825 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AY5PC UT WOS:000347623400012 ER PT J AU Strycharz-Glaven, SM Roy, J Boyd, D Snider, R Erickson, JS Tender, LM AF Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M. Roy, Jared Boyd, Darryl Snider, Rachel Erickson, Jeffrey S. Tender, Leonard M. TI Electron Transport through Early Exponential-Phase Anode-Grown Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms SO CHEMELECTROCHEM LA English DT Article DE biofilms; biofuel cells; electrochemistry; electron transfer; interdigitated microelectrode arrays ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT; RESPIRING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL NANOWIRES; CONDUCTIVITY; FILMS; SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYANILINE; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY AB Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms were grown to early exponential phase (i.e. the point at which the catalytic current first begins to increase) on interdigitated microelectrode arrays (IDAs), resulting in the formation of sparse cell clusters surrounded by extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Continuous domains of EPS (defined here to include extracellular materials including filaments), but not cell clusters, were observed to bridge the gaps between adjacent electrode bands. Electrochemical gate measurements revealed electrical continuity between adjacent IDA electrode bands, indicating that extracellular electron transport (EET) occurs through the EPS. The dependency of the source-drain current on the gate potential is peak shaped, which is consistent with EPS acting as a redox conductor. The gate potential at which the maximum source-drain current occurs is approximately 0.13V more positive than that for stationary-phase biofilms, indicating that redox cofactors involved in EET at the early exponential phase are different to those at the stationary phase. C1 [Strycharz-Glaven, Sarah M.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Tender, Leonard M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roy, Jared] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Boyd, Darryl; Snider, Rachel] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Strycharz-Glaven, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.glaven@nrl.navy.mil; tender@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX Funding was provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2196-0216 J9 CHEMELECTROCHEM JI ChemElectroChem PD NOV 11 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 11 SI SI BP 1957 EP 1965 DI 10.1002/celc.201402168 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA AT9GW UT WOS:000345237000028 ER PT J AU Orienti, M D'Ammando, F Giroletti, M Finke, J Ajello, M Dallacasa, D Venturi, T AF Orienti, M. D'Ammando, F. Giroletti, M. Finke, J. Ajello, M. Dallacasa, D. Venturi, T. TI Exploring the multiband emission of TXS 0536+145: the most distant gamma-ray flaring blazar SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies quasars: individual: TXS 0536+145; gamma-rays: general; radio continuum: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; SUPERLUMINAL MOTION; COMPTON ANALYSIS; BRIGHT BLAZARS; SOURCE CATALOG; MISSION; RADIO AB We report results of a multiband monitoring campaign of the flat spectrum radio quasar TXS 0536+145 at redshift 2.69. This source was detected during a very high gamma-ray activity state in 2012 March by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi, becoming the gamma-ray flaring blazar at the highest redshift detected so far. At the peak of the flare the source reached an apparent isotropic gamma-ray luminosity of 6.6 x 10(49) erg s(-1) which is comparable to the values achieved by the most luminous blazars. This activity triggered radio-to-X-rays monitoring observations by Swift, Very Long Baseline Array, European VLBI Network, and Medicina single-dish telescope. Significant variability was observed from radio to X-rays supporting the identification of the gamma-ray source with TXS 0536+145. Both the radio and gamma-ray light curves show a similar behaviour, with the gamma-rays leading the radio variability with a time lag of about 4-6 months. The luminosity increase is associated with a flattening of the radio spectrum. No new superluminal component associated with the flare was detected in high-resolution parsec-scale radio images. During the flare the gamma-ray spectrum seems to deviate from a power law, showing a curvature that was not present during the average activity state. The gamma-ray properties of TXS 0536+145 are consistent with those shown by the high-redshift gamma-ray blazar population. C1 [Orienti, M.; D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Dallacasa, D.; Venturi, T.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Dallacasa, D.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Finke, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ajello, M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Orienti, M (reprint author), Ist Radioastron, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM orienti@ira.inaf.it OI orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094 FU European national research council; Chinese national research council; South African national research council; European Commission [283393]; NASA FX We thank D. Blinov for providing the 70-cm AZT-8 optical data. We are grateful to D. J. Thompson and S. Digel for carefully reading the manuscript. We thank the anonymous referee for useful suggestions. The VLBA is operated by the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under a cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of European, Chinese, South African, and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283393 (RadioNet3).; This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the JPL, Californian Institute of Technology, under contract with the NASA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2014 VL 444 IS 4 BP 3040 EP 3051 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu1644 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AR2FW UT WOS:000343400100004 ER PT J AU Kong, BD Jin, ZH Kim, KW AF Kong, Byoung Don Jin, Zhenghe Kim, Ki Wook TI Hot-Electron Transistors for Terahertz Operation Based on Two-Dimensional Crystal Heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; GRAPHENE; FREQUENCY; DEVICES; STATES; LIMITS AB This work illustrates the feasibility of ultra-high-frequency operation in a vertical three-terminal electronic device by exploiting the advantages of two-dimensional (2D) crystal heterostructures. The proposed device utilizes a gapped 2D material as the tunnel barrier between a graphene base and a metallic emitter, while the Schottky contact with an n-type substrate forms the base-collector junction. The ultrathin active region formed by the 2D insulating and semimetallic layers ensure the required subnanometer-scale control in the thickness and the lateral uniformity, overcoming the major limitations of conventional 3D materials. Atomistic simulations based on the coupled density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function method, in combination with an equivalent device model, clearly reveal well-defined transistor characteristics with a good current drive. The analysis also points out the prominence of emitter material selection for superior performance. With proper optimization, the device is capable of reaching the intrinsic cutoff frequencies over a few THz even under realistic constraints, indicating a technological pathway beyond the current limit. C1 [Kong, Byoung Don; Jin, Zhenghe; Kim, Ki Wook] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kong, BD (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kwk@ncsu.edu RI KONG, BYOUNG DON/A-2186-2012 OI KONG, BYOUNG DON/0000-0003-4072-4399 FU FAME (Function Accelerated nanoMaterial Engineering Center); U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by FAME (Function Accelerated nanoMaterial Engineering Center) [one of six centers of STARnet (Semiconductor Technology Advanced Research Network), a SRC (Semiconductor Research Corporation) program sponsored by MARCO (Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation) and DARPA] and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 2 IS 5 AR 054006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.054006 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AT4OQ UT WOS:000344919800001 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Abel, NP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Dudley, CC Satyapal, S van Hoof, PAM AF Fischer, Jacqueline Abel, N. P. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Dudley, C. C. Satyapal, S. van Hoof, P. A. M. TI A FAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL SEQUENCE OF GALAXIES: TRENDS AND MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: thermal ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; STRUCTURE LINE DIAGNOSTICS; RAY DOMINATED REGIONS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; ISO-LWS SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; HERSCHEL-PACS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; STARBURST GALAXY AB We present a framework for the interpretation of the far-infrared spectra of galaxies in which we have expanded the model parameters compared with previous work by varying the ionization parameter U, column density N(H), and gas density at the cloud face n(H+) for a central starburst or active galactic nucleus (AGN). We compare these models carried out with the Cloudy spectral synthesis code to trends in line-to-total far-infrared luminosity ratios, far-infrared fine-structure line ratios, IRAS colors, and OH and H2O column densities found in the well-studied sample of 10 nearby galaxies from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample with infrared luminosities greater than 10(10) L-circle dot and IRAS 60 mu m fluxes equal to or greater than that of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp 220. We find that the spectral sequence extending from normal starburst-type emission-line-dominated spectra to ULIRG-type absorption-dominated spectra with significant absorption from excited levels can be best explained by simultaneously increasing the hydrogen column density, from as low as 10(21) cm(-2) to as high as 10(24.8) cm(-2) or greater, and the ionization parameter, from as low as 10(-4) to as high as 1. The starburst models best reproduce most of the sequence, while AGN models are somewhat better able to produce the high OH and H2O column densities in Arp 220. Our results suggest that the molecular interstellar medium in ULIRG-like, molecular-absorption-dominated systems is located close to and at least partially obscures the source of power throughout much of the far-infrared, which must be taken into account in order to properly interpret diagnostics of both their sources of power and of feedback. C1 [Fischer, Jacqueline; Dudley, C. C.] US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abel, N. P.] Univ Cincinnati, Clermont Coll, MCGP Dept, Batavia, OH 45103 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. [Satyapal, S.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [van Hoof, P. A. M.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil OI van Hoof, Peter/0000-0001-7490-0739; Fischer, Jacqueline/0000-0001-6697-7808 FU Office of Naval Research; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AYA2010-21697-C05-0, FIS2012-39162-C06-01]; NASA ADAP program [NNX07AH49G]; Belgian Science Policy Office through the ESX PRODEX program FX We thank Gary Ferland and the rest of the Cloudy group for useful discussions related to this work. Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by the Office of Naval Research. E.G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for support under projects AYA2010-21697-C05-0 and FIS2012-39162-C06-01. J.F. and E.G.-A. acknowledge support from NASA ADAP program NNX07AH49G. P.v.H. acknowledges support from the Belgian Science Policy Office through the ESX PRODEX program. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 795 IS 2 AR 117 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/117 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AR8YT UT WOS:000343857900016 ER PT J AU Marelli, M Harding, A Pizzocaro, D De Luca, A Wood, KS Caraveo, P Salvetti, D Parkinson, PMS Acero, F AF Marelli, M. Harding, A. Pizzocaro, D. De Luca, A. Wood, K. S. Caraveo, P. Salvetti, D. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Acero, F. TI ON THE PUZZLING HIGH-ENERGY PULSATIONS OF THE ENERGETIC RADIO-QUIET gamma-RAY PULSAR J1813-1246 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J1813-1246); stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; XMM-NEWTON; CURVATURE RADIATION; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRON-STARS; WIND NEBULAE; LIGHT CURVES AB We have analyzed the new deep XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the energetic, radio-quiet pulsar J1813-1246. The X-ray spectrum is nonthermal, very hard, and absorbed. Based on spectral considerations, we propose that J1813 is located at a distance further than 2.5 kpc. J1813 is highly pulsed in the X-ray domain, with a light curve characterized by two sharp, asymmetrical peaks, separated by 0.5 in phase. We detected no significant X-ray spectral changes during the pulsar phase. We extended the available Fermi ephemeris to five years. We found two glitches. The gamma-ray light curve is characterized by two peaks, separated by 0.5 in phase, with a bridge in between and no off-pulse emission. The spectrum shows clear evolution in phase, being softer at the peaks and hardening toward the bridge. Surprisingly, both X-ray peaks lag behind the gamma-ray ones by a quarter of phase. We found a hint of detection in the 30-500 keV band with INTEGRAL, which is consistent with the extrapolation of both the soft X-ray and gamma-ray emission of J1813. The unique X-ray and gamma-ray phasing suggests a singular emission geometry. We discuss some possibilities within the current pulsar emission models. Finally, we develop an alternative geometrical model where the X-ray emission comes from polar cap pair cascades. C1 [Marelli, M.; Pizzocaro, D.; De Luca, A.; Caraveo, P.; Salvetti, D.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Harding, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pizzocaro, D.] Univ Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy. [De Luca, A.; Caraveo, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Acero, F.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CEA IRFU CNRS, Serv Astrophys,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Marelli, M (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm Milano, INAF, Via E Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM marelli@lambrate.inaf.it OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338 FU NASA in the United States; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu in France; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI in Italy; INFN in Italy; MEXT in Japan; KEK in Japan; JAXA in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO3-14053X]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060]; ASI-INAF [I/037/12/0, art.22 L.240/2010]; SWIFT [ASI-INAF I-004-11-0]; Fermi [ASI-INAF I-005-12-0] FX We warmly thank Paizis Adamantia, Andrea Giuliani, Fabio Gastaldelli, and Andrea Belfiore for discussions and help. We also thank Massimiliano Razzano and Marianne Lemoine-Goumard for their good work as Galactic Coordinators. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO3-14053X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. This work was supported by the ASI-INAF contract I/037/12/0, art.22 L.240/2010 for the project "Calibrazione ed Analisi del satallite NuSTAR". This work was partially supported by the SWIFT contract ASI-INAF I-004-11-0 and the Fermi contract ASI-INAF I-005-12-0. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 795 IS 2 AR 168 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/168 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AR8YT UT WOS:000343857900067 ER PT J AU Edwankar, RV Edwankar, CR Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Edwankar, Rahul V. Edwankar, Chitra R. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cook, James M. TI General Strategy for Synthesis of C-19 Methyl-Substituted Sarpagine/Macroline/Ajmaline Indole Alkaloids Including Total Synthesis of 19(S),20(R)-Dihydroperaksine, 19(S),20(R)-Dihydroperaksine-17-al, and Peraksine SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSPECIFIC TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ALPHA,BETA-ACETYLENIC KETONES; PROPARGYLIC ALCOHOLS; REGIOSELECTIVE HYDROSTANNATIONS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE REDUCTION; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; SELECTIVE REDUCTIONS; MONOTERPENOID INDOLE; EFFICIENT CATALYST AB A detailed account of the development of a general strategy for synthesis of the C-19 methyl-substituted alkaloids including total synthesis of 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine-17-al (1), 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine (2), and peraksine (6) is presented. Efforts directed toward the total synthesis of macrosalhine chloride (5) are also reported. Important to success is the sequence of chemical reactions which include a critical haloboration reaction, regioselective hydroboration, and controlled oxidation (to provide sensitive enolizable aldehydes at C-20). In addition, the all-important Pd-catalyzed ?-vinylation reaction has been extended to a chiral C-19 alkyl-substituted substrate for the first time. Synthesis of the advanced intermediate 64 completes an improved formal total synthesis of talcarpine (26) and provides a starting point for synthesis of macroline-related alkaloids 2731. Similarly, extension of this synthetic strategy in the ring A oxygenated series should provide easy access to the northern hemisphere 32b of the bisindoles angustricraline, alstocraline, and foliacraline (Figure 4). C1 [Edwankar, Rahul V.; Edwankar, Chitra R.; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu FU NIH [MH-046851]; Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation; NIDA-NRL Interagency Agreement [Y1-DA1101] FX We acknowledge the NIH, MH-046851 (in part), and the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation for support of this work. X-ray crystallographic studies were supported by NIDA-NRL Interagency Agreement Number Y1-DA1101. We thank Professor Joachim Stockigt for kindly providing authentic samples of 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine-17-al (1) and 19(S),20(R)-dihydroperaksine (2) for TLC comparison. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 79 IS 21 BP 10030 EP 10048 DI 10.1021/jo5016163 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AT0PR UT WOS:000344638200012 PM 25247616 ER PT J AU Hite, JK Gaddipati, P Meyer, DJ Mastro, MA Eddy, CR AF Hite, J. K. Gaddipati, P. Meyer, D. J. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. TI Correlation of threading screw dislocation density to GaN 2-DEG mobility SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave oscillators; LC circuits; low-voltage quadrature LC oscillator; quadrature inductor-capacitor oscillator; phase ambiguity problem; figure-of-merit; FoM; start-up performance; frequency 5 GHz AB A direct correlation between local threading screw dislocation densities in an aluminium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) heterostructure and the mobility of electrons in the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) formed at the interface of that heterostructure is presented. Threading screw dislocations are directly imaged through open areas of Hall-effect test structures using electron channelling contrast imaging. The dislocation density measured for a given test structure is correlated to the mobility of the same structure. The results show a direct, negative correlation between mobility and screw/mixed dislocation density. C1 [Hite, J. K.; Meyer, D. J.; Mastro, M. A.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gaddipati, P.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Sci & Engn Apprenticeship Program, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Hite, JK (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jennifer.hite@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education under the Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program; NRL Institute for Nanoscience FX Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. P. Gaddipati thanks the American Society for Engineering Education for support under the Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program. The authors thank the NRL Institute for Nanoscience and staff for equipment use and support. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 50 IS 23 BP 1722 EP 1723 DI 10.1049/el.2014.2401 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AT4WN UT WOS:000344942600040 ER PT J AU Kim, YC Bhattacharya, A Mittal, J AF Kim, Young C. Bhattacharya, Apratim Mittal, Jeetain TI Macromolecular Crowding Effects on Coupled Folding and Binding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEIN; NATIVE-STATE STABILITY; IN-VIVO; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNFOLDED PROTEIN; VOLUME EXCLUSION; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; CONSEQUENCES AB Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations are performed on the protein complex pKID-KIX to understand the effects of macromolecular crowding on coupled folding and binding events. A structure-based protein model at the residue level is adopted for the two proteins to include intramolecular conformational flexibility, while crowding macromolecules are represented as spherical particles. The interactions between crowders and protein residues can be either purely repulsive or a combination of short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction. Consistent with previous studies on rigid-body protein binding in the presence of spherical crowders, we find that the complex formation is stabilized by repulsive protein-crowder interactions and destabilized by sufficiently strong attractive protein-crowder interactions. Competition between stabilizing repulsive and destabilizing attractive interactions is quantitatively captured by a previous theoretical model developed for describing the change in the binding free energy of rigid proteins in a crowded environment. We find that protein flexibility has little effect on the thermodynamics of the pKID-KIX binding (with respect to bulk) for repulsive and weakly attractive protein-crowder interactions. For strong protein-crowder attractive interactions, the destabilizing effect due to crowding is attenuated by protein flexibility. Interestingly, the mechanism of coupled folding and binding observed in bulk remains unchanged under highly crowded conditions over a broad range of protein-crowder interaction strengths. Also, strong protein-crowder attractive interactions can significantly stabilize intermediate states involving partial contact between pKID and KIX domains. C1 [Kim, Young C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhattacharya, Apratim; Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Kim, YC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM youngchan.kim@nrl.navy.mil; jeetain@lehigh.edu FU National Science Foundation [TG-MCB-120014] FX We thank Prof. Javier Buceta (Lehigh University) for helpful discussions. Use of the high-performance computing capabilities of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the National Science Foundation grant TG-MCB-120014, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 44 BP 12621 EP 12629 DI 10.1021/jp508046y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AS9RS UT WOS:000344579900005 PM 25302571 ER PT J AU McCreary, KM Hanbicki, AT Robinson, JT Cobas, E Culbertson, JC Friedman, AL Jernigan, GG Jonker, BT AF McCreary, Kathleen M. Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Robinson, Jeremy T. Cobas, Enrique Culbertson, James C. Friedman, Adam L. Jernigan, Glenn G. Jonker, Berend T. TI Large-Area Synthesis of Continuous and Uniform MoS2 Monolayer Films on Graphene SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; LAYER MOS2; ATOMIC LAYERS; PHASE GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DICHALCOGENIDES; TRANSPARENT; EXFOLIATION; TRANSISTORS AB Heterostructures composed of multiple layers of different atomically thin materials are of interest due to their unique properties and potential for new device functionality. MoS2-graphene heterostructures have shown promise as photodetectors and vertical tunnel transistors. However, progress is limited by the typically micrometer-scale devices and by the multiple alignments required for fabrication when utilizing mechanically exfoliated material. Here, the synthesis of large-area, continuous, and uniform MoS2 monolayers directly on graphene by chemical vapor deposition is reported, resulting in heterostructure samples on the centimeter scale with the possibility for even larger lateral dimensions. Atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies demonstrate uniform single-layer growth of stoichiometric MoS2. The ability to reproducibly generate large-area heterostructures is highly advantageous for both fundamental investigations and technological applications. C1 [McCreary, Kathleen M.; Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Robinson, Jeremy T.; Cobas, Enrique; Culbertson, James C.; Friedman, Adam L.; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Jonker, Berend T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCreary, KM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathleen.mccreary.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; berry.jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432 FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NRL FX This work was supported by programs at core programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This research was performed while K. M. M held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NRL. The authors acknowledge use of facilities in the NRL Nanoscience Institute and thank David Zapotok and Dean St. Amand for technical support. K. M. M. synthesized the MoS2- graphene samples; J.T.R. provided CVD graphene substrates; K. M. M., A. T. H., and J.C.C., and G.G.J. performed optical and chemical analysis. K. M. M. and B.T.J. wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data and editing of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 16 U2 233 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 5 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 41 BP 6449 EP 6454 DI 10.1002/adfm.201401511 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS9ZA UT WOS:000344595600005 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Improved Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Intensity Spread Prediction in Bifurcation Situations SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone intensity forecasts; tropical cyclone intensity spread prediction; intensity forecast uncertainty; intensity bifurcation situations ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; DEPENDENT INTENSITY; GUIDANCE AB Bifurcation or bi-modal tropical cyclone intensity forecasts may arise due to uncertainty in the timing of formation, timing and magnitude of rapid intensification periods, or track forecast uncertainty leading to landfall or non-landfall or leading to interaction with warm-or cold-ocean eddies. An objective technique is developed and tested to detect these intensity bifurcation situations in our weighted-analog intensity (WANI) forecasts that are based on the 10 best historical analogs to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) official track forecasts. About 19% of the overall sample of 1136 WANI forecasts in the western North Pacific during the 2010-2012 seasons met the criteria for a substantial intensity bifurcation situation. Using a hierarchical clustering technique, two clusters of the 10 best analogs are defined and separate WANI forecasts and intensity spreads are calculated for the two clusters. If an always perfect selection of the correct cluster WANI forecast of each bifurcation situation is made, a substantial improvement in the intensity mean absolute errors is achieved relative to the original WANI forecasts based on all 10 of the best analogs. These perfect-cluster selection WANI forecasts have smaller bias errors and are more highly correlated with the verifying intensities at all forecast intervals through 120 h. Without further bias correction and calibration, the cluster WANI intensity spreads are under-determined as the Probability of Detections are smaller than the desired 68%. Four examples of WANI cluster predictions of intensity bifurcation situations are provided to illustrate how a correct choice of the intensity forecast and the intensity spread can be the basis for improved warnings of the threat from western North Pacific tropical cyclones. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung] Tamkang Univ, Dept Water Resources & Environm Engn, New Taipei City, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Univ Colorado, Hazards Ctr, Trauma, Hlth, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hazards Ctr, Trauma, Hlth, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM elsberrylr@comcast.net FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX Dr. H.-C. Tsai is a National Research Council post-doc at the Naval Postgraduate School. He and Professor R. L. Elsberry are supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 SU S BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0054-1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ7TM UT WOS:000360807400010 ER PT J AU Gallagher, CM More, K Masaquel, AS Kamath, T Guerin, A Ionescu-Ittu, R Gauthier-Loiselle, M Nitulescu, R Sicignano, N Barnett, B Wu, EQ AF Gallagher, C. M. More, K. Masaquel, A. S. Kamath, T. Guerin, A. Ionescu-Ittu, R. Gauthier-Loiselle, M. Nitulescu, R. Sicignano, N. Barnett, B. Wu, E. Q. TI OVERALL SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH HER2+EARLY STAGE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRASTUZUMAB IN THE US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PRACTICE SETTING SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gallagher, C. M.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [More, K.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Masaquel, A. S.; Kamath, T.; Barnett, B.] Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Guerin, A.; Ionescu-Ittu, R.; Gauthier-Loiselle, M.; Nitulescu, R.] Anal Grp Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sicignano, N.] Hlth ResearchTx, Trevose, VA USA. [Wu, E. Q.] Anal Grp Inc, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1098-3015 EI 1524-4733 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD NOV PY 2014 VL 17 IS 7 MA PCN6 BP A615 EP A615 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA AX4QT UT WOS:000346917302204 PM 27202155 ER PT J AU Kus, MS Juliano, ML AF Kus, Martin S. Juliano, Michael L. TI Do All Women With Indeterminate Pregnancies Need a Formal Ultrasound Before Discharge From the Emergency Department? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PELVIC ULTRASOUND; INTRAUTERINE AB Objective: The identification of ectopic pregnancy is the primary concern for pregnant patients with an indeterminate ultrasound (an empty uterus or gestational sac). The absence of free fluid and adnexal masses by ultrasound combined with the absence of ectopic risk factors are used to place women in a "low-risk" category. We believe that women in a "low-risk" category with a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) below 3,000 mIU/mL can be discharged with only an emergency department (ED) ultrasound, provided there is 48 to 72 hours obstetric follow-up. Methods: Follow-up encounters from August 2010 to March 2011 were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were women who only received an ED performed indeterminate ultrasound and an acute follow-up appointment with concern for ectopic pregnancy. Results: Forty-nine women met inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine women (59.2%, 95% CI: 45.4%-73%) had a spontaneous abortion; 18 women (36.7%, 95% CI: 23.2%-50.2%) had a normal pregnancy, and 2 women (4.1%, 95% CI: 1.5%-9.7%) had an ectopic pregnancy. Both ectopic pregnancies had no risk factors with beta-hCG values of 96 and 197 mIU/mL. Conclusion: This study suggests that low-risk indeterminate pregnancies by an ED ultrasound and beta-hCG level <3,000 mIU/mL can be safely discharged without formal ultrasonography provided a 48 to 72 hours follow-up with an obstetrician. C1 [Kus, Martin S.] Submarine Squadron SIX, Dept Med, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. [Juliano, Michael L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kus, MS (reprint author), Submarine Squadron SIX, Dept Med, 9168 Second St,Suite 202, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 179 IS 11 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00049 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LK UT WOS:000349098600021 PM 25373052 ER PT J AU Michaud, A Rothert, J AF Michaud, Amanda Rothert, Jacek TI Optimal borrowing constraints and growth in a small open economy SO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Learning-by-doing; Borrowing constraints; Chinese economy; Capital controls ID REAL EXCHANGE-RATE; CAPITAL CONTROLS; FLOWS; CHINA; RISK AB Chinese high growth has been accompanied by government restrictions on international borrowing (capital controls). In this paper, we ask: are such restrictions a useful policy tool to facilitate growth? We provide a theory of borrowing constraints on households as a tool to correct a learning-by-doing externality. Borrowing constraints operate as a policy tool through two channels: (i) increasing labor supply and (ii) reallocating labor towards traded goods. We find that welfare gains are closest to that of the First-Best Planner allocation when the externality is not too large. We compute the sequence of optimal constraints along the growth path and show how the use of this policy tool contributes to repressed wages, current account balance, and slow real exchange rate appreciation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Michaud, Amanda] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Rothert, Jacek] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rothert, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jacek.rothert@gmail.com NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1996 EI 1873-0353 J9 J INT ECON JI J. Int. Econ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 94 IS 2 BP 326 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.07.001 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AY5CY UT WOS:000347592000011 ER PT J AU Tedesso, TW Calusdian, J Sewing, C Pace, PE AF Tedesso, Thomas W. Calusdian, James Sewing, Carsten Pace, Phillip E. TI Wideband direction finding using a photonic robust symmetrical number system technique SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE photonics; Mach-Zehnder modulator; direction finding; robust symmetrical number system; electronic warfare ID VECTOR NEURAL-NETWORK; TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER; ANGLE-OF-ARRIVAL; EMITTER IDENTIFICATION; MICROWAVE PHOTONICS; DYNAMIC-RANGE; SIGNALS AB Dual electrode Mach-Zehnder modulators (DE-MZMs) are used to conduct phase detection for direct wideband direction finding (DF) of microwave signals. It is demonstrated theoretically and through simulation and experimentation that the normalized magnitude of the output signal phase detector circuit is equal to |sin(psi/2)|, where psi is the phase difference between the plane waves arriving at the reference and measurement antennas of a linear DF array. A four-element wideband photonic DF system with robust symmetrical number system preprocessing is presented. Simulation and experimental testing results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical concept. The results demonstrate a direct DF receiver using DE-MZMs that achieves fine angular resolution using a much smaller array size than is typically required for linear arrays employing super-resolution signal processing techniques. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Tedesso, Thomas W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Calusdian, James; Sewing, Carsten; Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tedesso, TW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,Mail Stop 14B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tedesso@usna.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 53 IS 11 AR 114109 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.11.114109 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AY7EH UT WOS:000347723600056 ER PT J AU Terray, A Hebert, CG Hart, SJ AF Terray, A. Hebert, C. G. Hart, S. J. TI Optical chromatographic sample separation of hydrodynamically focused mixtures SO BIOMICROFLUIDICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; FLOW; MANIPULATION AB Optical chromatography relies on the balance between the opposing optical and fluid drag forces acting on a particle. A typical configuration involves a loosely focused laser directly counter to the flow of particle-laden fluid passing through a microfluidic device. This equilibrium depends on the intrinsic properties of the particle, including size, shape, and refractive index. As such, uniquely fine separations are possible using this technique. Here, we demonstrate how matching the diameter of a microfluidic flow channel to that of the focusing laser in concert with a unique microfluidic platform can be used as a method to fractionate closely related particles in a mixed sample. This microfluidic network allows for a monodisperse sample of both polystyrene and poly( methyl methacrylate) spheres to be injected, hydrodynamically focused, and completely separated. To test the limit of separation, a mixed polystyrene sample containing two particles varying in diameter by less than 0.5 mu m was run in the system. The analysis of the resulting separation sets the framework for continued work to perform ultra-fine separations. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Terray, A.; Hebert, C. G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hart, S. J.] LumaCyte, Keswick, VA 22947 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM terray@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for support of this research. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1932-1058 J9 BIOMICROFLUIDICS JI Biomicrofluidics PD NOV PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 AR 064102 DI 10.1063/1.4901824 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AX8LG UT WOS:000347160400004 PM 25553179 ER PT J AU Cornuelle, B Hansen, J Kirtman, B Sandgathe, S Warren, S AF Cornuelle, Bruce Hansen, James Kirtman, Benjamin Sandgathe, Scott Warren, Steve TI ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WITH USING ENSEMBLE-BASED PREDICTION TO PROBE THE WEATHER-CLIMATE INTERFACE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cornuelle, Bruce] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hansen, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kirtman, Benjamin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Warren, Steve] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Warren, Steve] NOAA, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sandgathe, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sandgathe@apl.washington.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 213 EP 215 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00235.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX9LU UT WOS:000347225100001 ER PT J AU Chang, YC Chu, PC Centurioni, LR Tseng, RS AF Chang, Yu-Chia Chu, Peter C. Centurioni, Luca R. Tseng, Ruo-Shan TI Observed near-surface currents under four super typhoons SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SVP drifter; Super typhoon; Current velocity; Northwestern Pacific Ocean; Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale ID UPPER OCEAN RESPONSE; COAWST MODELING SYSTEM; TROPICAL CYCLONE; MIXED-LAYER; HURRICANES KATRINA; WAVE WAKE; SEA; SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE; DRIFTERS AB The upper ocean currents under four category-5 (super) typhoons [Chaba (2004), Maon (2004), Saomai (2006), and Jangmi (2008)] were studied using data from four drifters of the Surface Velocity Program (SVP) (Niiler, 2001) in the northwestern Pacific. Maximum current velocities occurring to the right of the super typhoon tracks were observed as 2.6 m s(-1) for slow-moving (2.9 m s(-1)) Maon, 2.1 m s(-1) for typical-moving Chaba (5.1 m s(-1)), 1.4 m s(-1) for fast-moving Jangmi (6.8 m s(-1)), and 1.2 m s(-1) for fast-moving Saomai (8.1 m s(-1)). Furthermore, dependence of the mixed layer current velocity under a super typhoon on its translation speed and statistical relationships between the maximum current speed and the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale are also provided. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Yu-Chia] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Centurioni, Luca R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tseng, Ruo-Shan] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. RP Chang, YC (reprint author), 70 Lienhai Rd, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM ycchang@staff.nsysu.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China [MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3]; Naval Oceanographic Office [N6230612PO00123] FX This research was completed with grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Republic of China (MOST 102-2611-M-110-010-MY3). Peter C. Chu was supported by the Naval Oceanographic Office (N6230612PO00123). We are grateful for the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 139 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.011 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AX6FD UT WOS:000347017700026 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Ouart, ND Giuliani, JL AF Dasgupta, Arati Clark, Robert W. Ouart, Nicholas D. Giuliani, John L. TI Cu spectroscopy from a z-pinch plasma SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Mons, BELGIUM DE spectroscopy; non-LTE modeling; z-pinch plasma ID RADIATION; LINE; DIAGNOSTICS; TRANSPORT; EMISSION; PHYSICS; DENSE; FE AB Recent improvements in diagnostic techniques at the Sandia Laboratories Z accelerator have facilitated the production of very detailed x-ray spectral data in the range of 1-20 keV. The high energy density plasma produced in a z-pinch is inherently in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE). We therefore employ a NLTE collisional equilibrium model in a 1D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code to simulate the dynamics of the pinch and to generate synthetic emission spectra. We will discuss the effects on radiation spectra and the yields of using simplifying assumptions in the atomic model and/or the radiation transport. X-ray emission from moderately high atomic number plasmas such as Fe and Cu wire array implosions often include substantial 2p-1s K-alpha radiation. In a z-pinch plasma, K-shell vacancies can be produced by e-beams, hot electrons at the tail of a Maxwellian and also by photopumping from energetic photons emitted near the pinch axis. In the Z-1975 Cu wire implosion, K-alpha lines from various ionization stages of Cu as well as from minor constituents including Ni, Fe and Cr are observed. We have calculated K-alpha production within a full simulation of a Cu implosion, including contributions from energetic electrons and photons. Photo-pumped K-alpha emission can be distinguished from that produced by e-beams; K-shell vacancies will be produced near the axis for a beam, and near the outer edge of the plasma for energetic photons. Spectroscopic modeling of these K-alpha lines as well as K- and L-shell emission from valence electrons can provide quantitative diagnostics of plasma parameters. This methodology can also be used to investigate K-alpha emission from other laboratory experiments such as EBIT and astrophysical plasmas. C1 [Dasgupta, Arati; Ouart, Nicholas D.; Giuliani, John L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, Robert W.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6720, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arati.dasgupta@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 89 IS 11 AR 114008 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/89/11/114008 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX0QK UT WOS:000346656500008 ER PT J AU Flora, TJ Reeder, MF Lofthouse, A Kraft, N AF Flora, Thomas J. Reeder, Mark F. Lofthouse, Andrew Kraft, Neal TI Dynamic Store Release of Ice Models from a Cavity into Mach 2.9 Flow SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-11, 2013 CL Grapevine, TX SP AIAA AB An investigation was conducted into store separation from a cavity in a Mach 2.94 freestream using both experimental and computational methods. Both approaches used an open cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of 4.5, and for the sake of simplicity, release of a spherical model was analyzed. The experimental process used a piezoresistive pressure transducer to collect the time-varying content of the pressure signal, while schlieren visualization and high-speed photography capture the dynamic response of a store released from the cavity. Computationally, the OVERFLOW solver was applied with higher-order numerical methods, Chimera grids, and the delayed detached-eddy simulation/ shear-stress transport hybrid turbulence model. Tests were performed in a blow downtunnel exhausting to a vacuum, which enabled robust control of the total pressure, and computational conditions were selected to match the experiment. The studies demonstrated that the shock wave formed on the bottom surface of the sphere led to the loss of vertical momentum for the sphere and, subsequently, its ascent back into the cavity for all but the lowest stagnation pressure conditions. Vortex-generating spoiler devices and an Mk-82 ice model were also experimentally tested to determine their effect, and the spoiler increased the vertical displacement of the store during separation, as expected. C1 [Flora, Thomas J.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Naval Air Syst Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reeder, Mark F.] US Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lofthouse, Andrew] US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kraft, Neal] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flora, TJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, New Delhi, India. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1927 EP 1941 DI 10.2514/1.C032459 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AW0KJ UT WOS:000345980800021 ER PT J AU Pique, A Kim, H AF Pique, Alberto Kim, Heungsoo TI Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Functional Materials: Advances and Future Directions SO JOURNAL OF LASER MICRO NANOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser induced forward transfer; LIFT; laser direct-write; laser printing; printed electronics; nanoinks ID METAL-DEPOSITION; DIRECT-WRITE; INTERCONNECTS; LAYER AB Laser direct-write (LDW) techniques based on laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of functional materials offer unique advantages and capabilities for the rapid prototyping of electronic, optical and sensor elements as opposed to other digital printing processes like inkjet. LIFT processes have been applied to the fabrication of a wide variety of microelectronic elements such as interconnects, passive components, antennas, sensors, power sources and embedded circuits. Overall, LDW techniques are highly adaptable digital microfabrication processes in terms of materials versatility, substrate compatibility and range of writing speed, scale and resolution. This article will describe the unique advantages and capabilities of LIFT-based processes when used in conjunction with fluids and nanopastes, discuss their applications and consider their future for printing electronics. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Kim, Heungsoo] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. The authors would like to thank Dr. Guido Hennig of DI Projekt AG, for providing valuable details on the Lasersonic (R) process. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 39 PU JAPAN LASER PROCESSING SOC PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, 11-1 MIHOGAOKA, IBARAKI C/O KATAYAMA LAB, JOINING & WELDING RES INST, OSAKA, 567-0047, JAPAN SN 1880-0688 J9 J LASER MICRO NANOEN JI J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.2961/jlmn.2014.03.0002 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AW3KD UT WOS:000346184500002 ER PT J AU Radojcic, DV Morabito, MG Simic, AP Zgradic, AB AF Radojcic, Dejan V. Morabito, Michael G. Simic, Aleksandar P. Zgradic, Antonio B. TI Modeling with Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks the Resistance and Trim of Series 50 Experiments with V-Bottom Motor Boats SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE planing craft; hard chine hulls; resistance/trim evaluation; regression analysis; artificial neural network (ANN); Series 50 AB Mathematical representations for the resistance, trim, and wetted length of the Experimental Model Basin Series 50 have been developed using conventional regression analysis techniques as well as artificial neural networks. Series 50 is a standard series of 20 V-bottomed motor boats tested in 1941. These hulls could be representative of today's semidisplacement hulls. Recently, the series has been reanalyzed and published using contemporary planing coefficients, enabling resistance prediction in design stages. In the present study, mathematical representations are developed for the Series 50 as an alternative to using charts or data tables. Two methods are used, regression analysis and artificial neural networks. This study provides a useful resistance prediction method for designers and an opportunity to compare and contrast regression analysis and artificial neural networks applied to standard series. The main finding of the study is that both techniques were capable of developing stable and accurate models. A detailed quantification of the differences between methods is provided. C1 [Radojcic, Dejan V.; Simic, Aleksandar P.] Univ Belgrade, Dept Naval Architecture, Fac Mech Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. [Morabito, Michael G.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zgradic, Antonio B.] NAVAR, Herceg Novi, Montenegro. RP Radojcic, DV (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Dept Naval Architecture, Fac Mech Engn, Belgrade, Serbia. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 153 EP 174 DI 10.5957/JSPD.30.4.140011 PG 22 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW1GC UT WOS:000346037300001 ER PT J AU Judge, CQ AF Judge, Carolyn Q. TI Empirical Methods for Predicting Lift and Heel Moment for a Heeled Planing Hull SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE planing; hydrodynamics (general); high speed craft ID STABILITY AB Even in calm water, high-speed vessels can display unstable behaviors such as chine walking, sudden large heel, and porpoising. Large heel angle can result in the loss of transverse stability at high forward speed. When a planing craft begins to plane, the hydrodynamic lift forces raise the hull out of the water, reducing the underwater geometry. An experimental program at the U.S. Naval Academy has been designed to investigate the transverse stability of planing hulls. An experimental mechanism to force a planing hull model in heave and roll motion was designed and built. The first model tested was a wooden prismatic planing hull model with a constant deadrise of 20 degrees, a beam of 1.48 ft (0.45 m), and a total length of 5 ft (1.52 m). The model was held at various heel and running draft positions while fixed in pitch, yaw, and sway. The tests were done at two model speeds, for one model displacement, five fixed heel angles, and five fixed running heave positions. The lift and sway forces, along with the heel moment, were measured and underwater photography was taken of the wetted surface. This article presents a set of equations based on empirical relationships for calculating the lift and heel moment for a prismatic planing hull at nonzero heel angles. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Judge, CQ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.5957/JSPD.30.4.130059 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW1GC UT WOS:000346037300002 ER PT J AU Huang, TD Harbison, M Kvidahl, L Niolet, D Walks, J Stefanick, K Phillippi, M Dong, P DeCan, L Caccese, V Blomquist, P Kihl, D Wong, R Nappi, N Gardner, J Wong, C Bjornson, M Manuel, A AF Huang, T. D. Harbison, Michael Kvidahl, Lee Niolet, David Walks, John Stefanick, Kevin Phillippi, Mark Dong, Pingsha DeCan, Larry Caccese, Vincent Blomquist, Paul Kihl, David Wong, Rick Nappi, Natale Gardner, James Wong, Catherine Bjornson, Michael Manuel, Allen TI Reduction of Overwelding and Distortion for Naval Surface Combatants, Part 1: Optimized Weld Sizing for Lightweight Ship Structures SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE weld sizing; overwelding; shipbuilding; production; fatigue; shear; distortion AB As high-strength thin-steel use in ship design increases, dimensional management becomes critical to control construction costs and schedule in ship production. In the U.S. shipbuilding industry, improvements to shipbuilding facilities and processing technology have not kept pace with the rate of change in ship design. Additionally, new designs using thinner steels are subject to legacy weld-sizing criteria, which may inappropriately size welds on lightweight materials. These two factors result in widespread overwelding, causing severe plate buckling in naval vessels during construction. The problem of overwelding has two distinct sources: 1) the weld-sizing methods developed in the 1980s are still used in most shipbuilding specifications regardless of ship class. This prevents the incentive of application of latest technologies that can make strong, precision fillet welds for modern lightweight thin steel naval surface combatants; and 2) shipyard welders tend to make welds even larger than design requirements to satisfy naval production specifications, which do not allow for any undersized welds. On average, production welds are 3 mm larger than design, which can more than double the heat input and distortion caused by welding. The approach to the solution of this overwelding problem will be described in detail in this article: 1) develop appropriate weld-sizing criteria for thin plate structures; this can be facilitated by numerical modeling to ensure adequate static shear, tensile, bending, fatigue, and dynamic impact capacity of structural welds; and 2) perform a robust designed experiment to establish confidence that small weld sizes can provide necessary performance and strength to meet the design service life of the vessel and provide data to NAVSEA technical warrant holders to support the implementation of an underweld tolerance for ship production to prevent overwelding. C1 [Stefanick, Kevin; Phillippi, Mark] Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA USA. [Dong, Pingsha; DeCan, Larry] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Caccese, Vincent] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Blomquist, Paul] Appl Thermal Sci Inc, Sanford, ME USA. [Kihl, David; Wong, Rick] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. [Nappi, Natale; Gardner, James; Wong, Catherine; Bjornson, Michael] Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. [Manuel, Allen] DDL Omni, Mclean, VA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.5957/JSPD.30.4.130028 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW1GC UT WOS:000346037300003 ER PT J AU Fu, HL Wang, XD Chu, PC Zhang, XF Han, GJ Li, W AF Fu, HongLi Wang, Xidong Chu, Peter C. Zhang, Xuefeng Han, Guijun Li, Wei TI Tropical cyclone footprint in the ocean mixed layer observed by Argo in the Northwest Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mixed layer response; tropical cyclone; Argo data; barrier layer ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; BARRIER LAYER; ENERGY INPUT; HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; DEPTH; MODEL AB This study systematically investigated the ocean mixed layer responses to tropical cyclone (TC) using available Argo profiles during the period of 1998-2011 in the northwest Pacific. Results reveal that isothermal layer (IL) deepening and isothermal layer (IL) cooling with evident rightward biases induced by strong TCs are clearer compared to the weak TCs. Likewise, the rightward biases of IL deepening and cooling induced by fast TCs are more obvious than that induced by slow TCs. The upwelling within TC's eye is much stronger for the strong (slow) TCs than weak (fast) TCs. For the strong and slow TCs, the TC-induced rainfall reduces deepening of constant density layer (with its depth called the mixed layer depth, MLD), and in turn increases the barrier layer thickness (BLT). The initial BL prior to TC can restrict IL cooling more markedly under the weak and fast TCs than under the strong and slow TCs. The inertial oscillation is stronger induced by the strong (fast) TCs than by the weak (slow) TCs. In addition, the most pronounced TC-induced mixed layer deepening and IL cooling in July to October climatology occur in the subtropical gyre of the northwest Pacific with enhanced vertical diffusivity. The maximum increase of isothermal layer depth (ILD) and MLD is up to 5 m, with IL cooling up to 0.4 degrees C. C1 [Fu, HongLi; Wang, Xidong; Zhang, Xuefeng; Han, Guijun; Li, Wei] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, SOA, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, SOA, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM xidong_wang@yahoo.com FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178, 41376015]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; Office of Naval Research; Naval Oceanographic Office FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430304), National Natural Science Foundation (41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178, and 41376015) of China, and National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505) of China. Peter C. Chu was supported by the Office of Naval Research and Naval Oceanographic Office. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8078 EP 8092 DI 10.1002/2014JC010316 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900041 ER PT J AU Jiang, XC Hu, JS Lieber, AM Jackan, CS Biffinger, JC Fitzgerald, LA Ringeisen, BR Lieber, CM AF Jiang, Xiaocheng Hu, Jinsong Lieber, Alexander M. Jackan, Charles S. Biffinger, Justin C. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Lieber, Charles M. TI Nanoparticle Facilitated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Microbial Fuel Cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; facilitated electron transport; electrochemically active; iron sulfide; shewanella ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; TRANSFER MECHANISMS; REDOX ENZYMES; ELECTRICITY; SINGLE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MICROORGANISMS; ENERGY; GENERATION AB Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been the focus of substantial research interest due to their potential for long-term, renewable electrical power generation via the metabolism of a broad spectrum of organic substrates, although the low power densities have limited their applications to date. Here, we demonstrate the potential to improve the power extraction by exploiting biogenic inorganic nanoparticles to facilitate extracellular electron transfer in MFCs. Simultaneous short-circuit current recording and optical imaging on a nanotechnology-enabled platform showed substantial current increase from Shewanella PV-4 after the formation of cell/iron sulfide nanoparticle aggregates. Detailed characterization of the structure and composition of the cell/nanoparticle interface revealed crystalline iron sulfide nanoparticles in intimate contact with and uniformly coating the cell membrane. In addition, studies designed to address the fundamental mechanisms of charge transport in this hybrid system showed that charge transport only occurred in the presence of live Shewanella, and moreover demonstrated that the enhanced current output can be attributed to improved electron transfer at cell/electrode interface and through the cellular-networks. Our approach of interconnecting and electrically contacting bacterial cells through biogenic nanoparticles represents a unique and promising direction in MFC research and has the potential to not only advance our fundamental knowledge about electron transfer processes in these biological systems but also overcome a key limitation in MFCs by constructing an electrically connected, three-dimensional cell network from the bottom-up. C1 [Jiang, Xiaocheng; Hu, Jinsong; Lieber, Alexander M.; Jackan, Charles S.; Lieber, Charles M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lieber, Charles M.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hu, Jinsong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Mol Nanostruct & Nanotechnol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Biffinger, Justin C.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lieber, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cml@cmliris.harvard.edu RI Hu, Jin-Song/E-1001-2011; Jiang, Xiaocheng/B-8750-2016 OI Hu, Jin-Song/0000-0002-6268-0959; Jiang, Xiaocheng/0000-0002-3455-3653 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; ONR/NRL Nanoscience Institute [BLK 6.1] FX C.M.L. and B.R.R. acknowledge support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and J.C.B and L.A.F. acknowledge ONR/NRL Nanoscience Institute BLK 6.1 funding. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 14 U2 146 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 6737 EP 6742 DI 10.1021/nl503668q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU6PE UT WOS:000345723800112 PM 25310721 ER PT J AU Angus, JR Richardson, AS Ottinger, PF Swanekamp, SB Schumer, JW AF Angus, J. R. Richardson, A. S. Ottinger, P. F. Swanekamp, S. B. Schumer, J. W. TI Nonquasineutral electron vortices in nonuniform plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD PENETRATION; LASER-PULSES; DYNAMICS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; MODEL AB Electron vortices are observed in the numerical simulation of current carrying plasmas on fast time scales where the ion motion can be ignored. In plasmas with nonuniform density n, vortices drift in the B x del n direction with a speed that is on the order of the Hall speed. This provides a mechanism for magnetic field penetration into a plasma. Here, we consider strong vortices with rotation speeds V-phi close to the speed of light c where the vortex size delta is on the order of the magnetic Debye length lambda(B) = vertical bar B vertical bar/4 pi en and the vortex is thus nonquasineutral. Drifting vortices are typically studied using the electron magnetohydrodynamic model (EMHD), which ignores the displacement current and assumes quasineutrality. However, these assumptions are not strictly valid for drifting vortices when delta approximate to lambda(B). In this paper, 2D electron vortices in nonuniform plasmas are studied for the first time using a fully electromagnetic, collisionless fluid code. Relatively large amplitude oscillations with periods that correspond to high frequency extraordinary modes are observed in the average drift speed. The drift speed W is calculated by averaging the electron velocity field over the vorticity. Interestingly, the time-averaged W from these simulations matches very well with W from the much simpler EMHD simulations even for strong vortices with order unity charge density separation. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Angus, J. R.; Richardson, A. S.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Schumer, J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ottinger, P. F.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Angus, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ottinger, Paul/0000-0001-9901-7379; Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU Naval Research Laboratory Karle fellowship and basic and applied research program FX Research supported by Naval Research Laboratory Karle fellowship and basic and applied research program. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2014 VL 21 IS 11 AR 112306 DI 10.1063/1.4902101 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AU5JZ UT WOS:000345644200026 ER PT J AU Angus, JR Krasheninnikov, SI AF Angus, J. R. Krasheninnikov, S. I. TI Inviscid evolution of large amplitude filaments in a uniform gravity field SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; 2-DIMENSIONAL BUBBLE; GAS BUBBLE; MOTION; LIQUID; EDGE; TURBULENCE; DEVICES AB The inviscid evolution of localized density stratifications under the influence of a uniform gravity field in a homogeneous, ambient background is studied. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, and the stratification, or filament, is assumed to be initially isotropic and at rest. It is shown that the center of mass energy can be related to the center of mass position in a form analogous to that of a solid object in a gravity field g by introducing an effective gravity field g(eff), which is less than g due to energy that goes into the background and into non-center of mass motion of the filament. During the early stages of the evolution, geff is constant in time and can be determined from the solution of a 1D differential equation that depends on the initial, radially varying density profile of the filament. For small amplitude filaments such that rho(0) << 1, where rho(0) is the relative amplitude of the filament to the background, the early stage g(eff) scales linearly with rho(0), but as rho(0) -> infinity, g(eff) -> g and is thus independent of rho(0). Fully nonlinear simulations are performed for the evolution of Gaussian filaments, and it is found that the time t(max), which is defined as the time for the center of mass velocity to reach its maximum value U-max, occurs very soon after the constant acceleration phase and so U-max approximate to g(eff)(t = 0)t(max). The simulation results show that U-max similar to 1/t(max) similar to root rho(0) for rho(0) << 1, in agreement with theory and results from previous authors, but that U-max and t(max) both scale approximately with root rho(0) for rho(0) >> 1. The fact that U-max and t(max) have the same scaling with rho(0) for large amplitude filaments is in agreement with the theory presented in this paper. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Angus, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhl, Moscow 115563, Russia. RP Angus, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU NRL Karle Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences at UCSD [DE-FG02-04ER54739]; MES of the Russian Federation at MEPhI [14.Y26.31.008] FX Research was supported by NRL Karle Fellowship. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02-04ER54739 at UCSD and Grant No. 14.Y26.31.008 of the MES of the Russian Federation at MEPhI. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2014 VL 21 IS 11 AR 112504 DI 10.1063/1.4901237 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AU5JZ UT WOS:000345644200031 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Barlow, DE Pirlo, RK Babson, DM Fitzgerald, LA Zingarelli, S Nadeau, LJ Crookes-Goodson, WJ Russell, JN AF Biffinger, Justin C. Barlow, Daniel E. Pirlo, Russell K. Babson, David M. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Zingarelli, Sandra Nadeau, Lloyd J. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI A direct quantitative agar-plate based assay for analysis of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 degradation of polyurethane films SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas biofilms; Polyurethane; Biodegradation; FTIR spectroscopy; Citrate; Impranil ID POLYESTER-POLYURETHANE; FLUORESCENS; CHLORORAPHIS; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; ENZYME; BIODEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; PATHWAY; LIPASE AB A quantitative assay was developed for the direct measurement of polymer film degradation from bacterial colonies on agar plates. Small (1 mm diameter) colonies of Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 (formerly Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5) were used for this work. Interactions between the Pf-5 colonies and thin polyurethane (PU) coatings on ZnSe coupons were evaluated for degradation using infrared spectroscopy. Three different coatings were analyzed and were formed from 1) a colloidal, aqueous - based polyester PU (Impranil (R) DLN); 2) an organic solvent - based polyester PU (Irogran); and 3) an organic solvent - based polyether PU (AS-P108). Over a 24 h time period at 30 degrees C, citrate exposed Pf-5 cultures rapidly degraded Impranil coatings, consistent with analogous zone clearing assays. However, the Irogran and AS-P108 PU's, which are not directly compatible with zone clearing assays, showed no measureable degradation by the coating assay under identical conditions. These results demonstrated the capability to evaluate any variety of polymer formulation as solid films under identical biological conditions. The results also show that rapid microbial degradation of colloidal polyurethanes such as Impranil are not necessarily representative of activity towards other PU materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Barlow, Daniel E.; Pirlo, Russell K.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Russell, John N., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Babson, David M.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Zingarelli, Sandra; Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barlow, DE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.barlow@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.09.005 PN B PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU2SS UT WOS:000345468500004 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Design and construction of a research atomic layer deposition system for in situ infrared and electron spectroscopies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; TRIMETHYLALUMINUM; TIO2(110); HYDROGEN; SPECTRA; WATER; OXIDE; H2O AB A description is given of an ultra-high vacuum surface-analysis chamber that incorporates an internal cell for performing atomic layer deposition at a pressure of up to similar to 1 Torr. The apparatus permits the growth process to be interrupted in stages during which data can be obtained using infrared and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies together with other electron-based techniques. Demonstration results are given for the adsorption of H2O on Si (100) at a pressure of similar to 0.3 Torr. The system described is generally applicable in the study of any surface reaction under non-high-vacuum conditions in which there is a need for both infrared and electron spectroscopies. C1 Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@alum.mit.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. E. S. Snow is thanked for providing the impetus for undertaking this work, and T. L. Reinecke is gratefully acknowledged for obtaining the necessary funding. Helpful discussions on the initial design were provided by E. R. Cleveland and G. W. Rubloff, and T. J. Larrabee provided valuable assistance with some of the design and construction issues. M. A. Hines is thanked for help regarding the removal of interference fringes from IR transmission data and for providing the necessary software. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 11 AR 114101 DI 10.1063/1.4900724 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU5KO UT WOS:000345646000275 PM 25430126 ER PT J AU Weddel, D AF Weddel, David TI Addressing the Navy's Need for Collaboration and Connectivity Lockheed Martin's Maritime Test Bed SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Weddel, David] Lockheed Martin, Informat Syst & Global Solut Business, Strateg Planning, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weddel, David] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. RP Weddel, D (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Informat Syst & Global Solut Business, Strateg Planning, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 55 IS 11 BP 35 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AU3ZH UT WOS:000345548500007 ER PT J AU Treude, T Krause, S Maltby, J Dale, AW Coffin, R Hamdan, LJ AF Treude, Tina Krause, Stefan Maltby, Johanna Dale, Andrew W. Coffin, Richard Hamdan, Leila J. TI Sulfate reduction and methane oxidation activity below the sulfate-methane transition zone in Alaskan Beaufort Sea continental margin sediments: Implications for deep sulfur cycling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE BARITE DEPOSITS; OUT-COMPETE METHANOGENS; BLACK-SHALE BASINS; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; REDUCING BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; SP-NOV; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS AB Two similar to 6 m long sediment cores were collected along the similar to 300 m isobath on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea continental margin. Both cores showed distinct sulfate-methane transition zones (SMTZ) at 105 and 120 cm below seafloor (cmbsf). Sulfate was not completely depleted below the SMTZ but remained between 30 and 500 mu M. Sulfate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) determined by radiotracer incubations were active throughout the methanogenic zone. Although a mass balance could not explain the source of sulfate below the SMTZ, geochemical profiles and correlation network analyses of biotic and abiotic data suggest a cryptic sulfur cycle involving iron, manganese and barite. Inhibition experiments with molybdate and 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) indicated decoupling of sulfate reduction and AOM and competition between sulfate reducers and methanogens for substrates. While correlation network analyses predicted coupling of AOM to iron reduction, the addition of manganese or iron did not stimulate AOM. Since none of the classical archaeal anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME) were abundant, the involvement of unknown or unconventional phylotypes in AOM is conceivable. The resistance of AOM activity to inhibitors implies deviation from conventional enzymatic pathways. This work suggests that the classical redox cascade of electron acceptor utilization based on Gibbs energy yields does not always hold in diffusion-dominated systems, and instead biotic processes may be more strongly coupled to mineralogy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Treude, Tina; Krause, Stefan; Maltby, Johanna; Dale, Andrew W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dept Marine Biogeochem, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Coffin, Richard; Hamdan, Leila J.] US Naval Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Treude, T (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dept Marine Biogeochem, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM ttreude@geomar.de RI Dale, Andrew/B-4384-2013 FU Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean' - German Research Foundation; Office of Naval Research [33]; Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown WVA; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Chemistry Division Young Investigator Program; NRL platform support program FX We thank the captain and crew of USCGC Polar Sea and C. Verlinden, R. Downer and L. Bryant for field assistance. We thank R. Plummer, D. Gustafson, J. Hommer, B. Domeyer, A. Bleyer, R. Suhrberg, and the MITAS shipboard scientific party for laboratory assistance and P. Gillevet for insight on network analysis. R. Thauer is thanked for stimulating discussions. We thank three reviewers for their valuable comments. TT and SK were supported by the Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean' funded by the German Research Foundation. Geochemical work was supported by Office of Naval Research Code 33 and Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown WVA. LJH was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Chemistry Division Young Investigator Program. Ship time was funded by the NRL platform support program. NR 98 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 217 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.018 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT4XM UT WOS:000344945600014 ER PT J AU Limbert, J AF Limbert, John TI US foreign policy and the Iranian Revolution: the Cold War dynamics of engagement and strategic alliance SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Limbert, John] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Limbert, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-5850 EI 1468-2346 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1502 EP 1504 PG 3 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AT2WD UT WOS:000344794000049 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Cowart, JS McDaniel, AM Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Cowart, Jim S. McDaniel, Andrew M. Trulove, Paul C. TI Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Bulk Modulus, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Binary Mixtures of n-Hexadecane plus Ethylbenzene or plus Toluene at (293.15 to 373.15) K and 0.1 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTREATED RENEWABLE DIESEL; C-8-C-16 NORMAL-ALKANES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SURROGATE MIXTURE; LIQUID MIXTURES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; TERNARY MIXTURES; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; FUEL; HYDROCARBONS AB In this work, the physical properties of binary mixtures of n-hexadecane with toluene or ethylbenzene were measured. Density and viscosity were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 373.15) K, and the speed of sound was measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 333.15) K. Density mole fraction and temperature data were fit to a fourth-order polynomial. Viscosity mole fraction data were fit using the three-body McAllister model, while the viscosity deviations were fit to a RedlichKister type equation. For both two-component mixtures, the speed of sound at 293.15 K decreased as the mole fraction of the aromatic compound increased until a minimum was reached after which the speed of sound increased slightly to the value of the pure aromatic compound. The bulk modulus was calculated from density and speed of sound data. For both 2-component mixtures, the bulk modulus at 293.15 K decreased slightly as the mole fraction of the aromatic compound increased until a minimum was reached after which the bulk modulus increased to its highest value, which is the value for the aromatic compound. Flash points for the mixtures ranged from (278.5 to 408) K, and surface tension values ranged from (27.3 to 29.2) mN.m(-1). C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McDaniel, Andrew M.] Naval Air Syst, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3571 EP 3585 DI 10.1021/je500498m PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AT5IR UT WOS:000344977600032 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Cowart, JS Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Cowart, Jim S. Trulove, Paul C. TI Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Bulk Modulus, and Surface Tension of Binary Mixtures of n-Heptane+2,2,4-Trimethylpentane at (293.15 to 338.15) K and 0.1 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID N-HEPTANE; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; HIGH-PRESSURE; LIQUID-SYSTEMS; FLASH-POINT; 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE; ALKANES; FUELS; TEMPERATURE; DECANE AB In this work, the physical properties of binary mixtures of n-heptane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane were measured. Density and speed of sound were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 338.15) K, and viscosity was measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 333.15) K. At 298.15 K, pure component values for heptane of 679.61 kg.m3, 0.389 mPa.s, and 1130.1 m.s-(1) for density, viscosity, and speed of sound, respectively, agree with literature values. Similarly for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, the values of 687.70 kg.m3, 0.501 mPa.s, and 1081.7 m.s-(1) for density, viscosity, and speed of sound, respectively, agree with literature values. Density mole fraction and temperature data were fit to a second-order polynomial. Bulk moduli ranged from (551.7 to 907.1) MPa over (293.15 to 338.15) K. Viscosity mole fraction data were fit using the three-body McAllister model, while the viscosity deviations were fit to a RedlichKister type equation. For the mixtures, an increase in mole fraction of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane resulted in an increase in density and viscosity and in a decrease in speed of sound, bulk modulus, and surface tension. Increases in temperature decreased density, viscosity, speed of sound, and bulk modulus. At room temperature, the surface tension values ranged from (18.7 to 20.3) mN.m-(1). These data can be used by researchers who are modeling the combustion process of mixtures of primary reference fuels and are modeling the physical properties of fuels. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Academy Research Council Faculty Recognition Grant FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research and a Naval Academy Research Council Faculty Recognition Grant. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 3842 EP 3851 DI 10.1021/je5007532 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AT5IR UT WOS:000344977600064 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, RE Guzas, EL Ambrico, JM AF Chamberlin, Ryan E. Guzas, Emily L. Ambrico, Joseph M. TI Energy balance during underwater implosion of ductile metallic cylinders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Energy-based metrics are developed and applied to a numerical test case of implosion of an underwater pressure vessel. The energy metrics provide estimates of the initial energy in the system (potential energy), the energy released into the fluid as a pressure pulse, the energy absorbed by the imploding structure, and the energy absorbed by air trapped within the imploding structure. The primary test case considered is the implosion of an aluminum cylinder [diameter: 2.54 cm (1 in.), length: 27.46 cm (10.81 in.)] that collapses flat in a mode-2 shape with minimal fracture. The test case indicates that the structure absorbs the majority (92%) of the initial energy in the system. Consequently, the energy emitted as a pressure pulse into the fluid is a small fraction, approximately 5%, of the initial energy. The energy absorbed by the structure and the energy emitted into the fluid are calculated for additional simulations of underwater pressure vessel implosions. For all cases investigated, there is minimal fracture in the collapse, the structure absorbs more than 80% of the initial energy of the system, and the released pressure pulse carries away less than 6% of the initial energy. C1 [Chamberlin, Ryan E.; Guzas, Emily L.; Ambrico, Joseph M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chamberlin, RE (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 990,Code 4121, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM ryan.e.chamberlin@navy.mil FU In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support for this research from the In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center as well as the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Access to simulation and experimental data provided by James LeBlanc, Stephen Turner, and the ONR Payload Implosion and Platform Damage Avoidance Program is gratefully acknowledged. The use of experimental data from the Small Business Innovation Research effort conducted by the Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc. (Dingus, 2007) for model validation is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2489 EP 2496 DI 10.1121/1.4896744 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AT5NG UT WOS:000344989000020 PM 25373951 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schroth-Miller, M Borror, N Tormey, M Brewer, A Black, A Bakhtiari, K Goya, G AF Finneran, James J. Schroth-Miller, Maddie Borror, Nancy Tormey, Megan Brewer, Arial Black, Amy Bakhtiari, Kimberly Goya, Gavin TI Multi-echo processing by a bottlenose dolphin operating in "packet" transmission mode at long range SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ECHOLOCATING DOLPHIN; AUDITORY MASKING; OPEN WATERS; SIGNALS; NOISE; PATTERNS; TARGET; TASKS AB Bottlenose dolphins performing echolocation tasks at long ranges may utilize a transmission mode where bursts, or "packets," of echolocation clicks are emitted rather than single clicks. The clicks within each packet are separated by time intervals well below the two-way travel time, while the packets themselves are emitted at intervals greater than the two-way travel time. Packet use has been shown to increase with range; however, the exact function of packets and the advantages gained by their utilization remain unknown. In this study, the capability for dolphins to utilize multi-echo processing within packets of echoes was investigated by manipulating the number of available echoes within each packet as a dolphin performed a long-range echolocation task. The results showed an improvement in detectability with an increase in the number of echoes in each packet and suggest that packet use is an adaptation to allow multi-echo processing at long ranges without introducing range ambiguity. C1 [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Schroth-Miller, Maddie; Borror, Nancy; Tormey, Megan] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Brewer, Arial; Black, Amy; Bakhtiari, Kimberly; Goya, Gavin] G2 Software Syst, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil RI Goya, Gerardo/B-1915-2008 OI Goya, Gerardo/0000-0003-1558-9279 FU SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program FX The authors thank Randall Dear and Jim Powell for logistic support and Patrick Moore, Jason Mulsow, Dorian Houser, and Brian Branstetter for helpful discussions on the experimental approach and data. Roxanne Echon assisted with data analysis. The study followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Biosciences Division, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SSC) Pacific, and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and followed all applicable U.S. Department of Defense guidelines. Financial support was provided by the SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2876 EP 2886 DI 10.1121/1.4898043 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AT5NG UT WOS:000344989000055 PM 25373986 ER PT J AU Crocker, SE Nielsen, PL Miller, JH Siderius, M AF Crocker, Steven E. Nielsen, Peter L. Miller, James H. Siderius, Martin TI Geoacoustic inversion of ship radiated noise in shallow water using data from a single hydrophone SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation conducted a geoacoustic inverse experiment in the Mediterranean Sea in the summer of 2012. Among the objectives was to employ an autonomous underwater vehicle to collect acoustic data to invert for properties of the seafloor. Inversion results for the compression wave speed in the bottom and the source spectrum of the R/V Alliance during a close approach to the bottom moored vehicle are presented. The estimated wave speed was 1529 m/s (sigma = 10). The source spectrum of the Alliance was estimated across more than six octaves of frequency. C1 [Crocker, Steven E.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Nielsen, Peter L.] Ctr Maritime Res & Experimentat, I-19126 Liguria, Italy. [Miller, James H.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Siderius, Martin] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Crocker, SE (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.crocker@navy.mil; nielsen@cmre.nato.int; miller@egr.uri.edu; siderius@pdx.edu OI Miller, James H./0000-0001-7156-3589 FU CMRE; Office of Naval Research; Underwater Sound Reference Division at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center FX The authors would like to thank the personnel of the CMRE Engineering Department for their development of the acoustic array deployed on the AUV and for their support during the sea trial. The authors are also grateful for the professionalism of the officers and crew of the R/V Alliance. This work was supported by CMRE, the Office of Naval Research, and the Underwater Sound Reference Division at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 BP EL362 EP EL368 DI 10.1121/1.4898739 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AT5NG UT WOS:000344989000004 PM 25373994 ER PT J AU Alampay, MM Haigney, MC Flanagan, MC Perito, RM Love, KM Grammer, GG AF Alampay, Miguel M. Haigney, Mark C. Flanagan, Michael C. Perito, Robert M. Love, Kathleen M. Grammer, Geoffrey G. TI Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Antidepressant Alternative in a Patient With Brugada Syndrome and Recurrent Syncope SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID BEDSIDE; DRUGS AB Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a common occult cause of sudden cardiac arrest in otherwise healthy-appearing adults. The pathognomonic electrocardiographic pattern may be unmasked only by certain medications, many of which are unknown. We report a case of a depressed but otherwise healthy man with an asymptomatic right bundle branch block on electrocardiography who experienced antidepressant-induced BrS and ultimately recovered with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). After an initial trial of nortriptyline, the patient's depressive symptoms improved; however, he experienced a syncopal event and was subsequently diagnosed as having BrS. Cross titration to bupropion, which had not previously been known to exacerbate BrS, was followed by another cardiac event. As a result, the patient was referred for TMS as a substitute for pharmacotherapy. After 31 TMS sessions over 8 weeks, the patient demonstrated significant improvement by subjective report and objective reduction in his Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores from 10 (moderate) to 1 (minimal). Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved nonpharmacologic treatment for depression. Given the potential lethality of BrS with known and unknown psychopharmacologic agents, providers should consider TMS as first-line therapy in this patient population. Bupropion should be added to the list of agents known to exacerbate this disease. (C) 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research C1 [Alampay, Miguel M.; Perito, Robert M.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD USA. [Haigney, Mark C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Flanagan, Michael C.] Ft Belvoir Community Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Love, Kathleen M.] Naval Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Grammer, Geoffrey G.] Natl Intrepid Ctr Excellence, Dept Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Alampay, MM (reprint author), 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 19,Room 6407, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM miguel.m.alampay.mil@health.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-6196 EI 1942-5546 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1584 EP 1587 DI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.010 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AT4UK UT WOS:000344938300018 PM 25444490 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Bartels, BP Bogucki, DJ Beron-Vera, FJ Chen, SS Coelho, EF Curcic, M Griffa, A Gough, M Haus, BK Haza, AC Helber, RW Hogan, PJ Huntley, HS Iskandarani, M Judt, F Kirwan, AD Laxague, N Valle-Levinson, A Lipphardt, BL Mariano, AJ Ngodock, HE Novelli, G Olascoaga, MJ Ozgokmen, TM Poje, AC Reniers, AJHM Rowley, CD Ryan, EH Smith, SR Spence, PL Thoppil, PG Wei, MZ AF Jacobs, Gregg A. Bartels, Brent P. Bogucki, Darek J. Beron-Vera, Francisco J. Chen, Shuyi S. Coelho, Emanuel F. Curcic, Milan Griffa, Annalisa Gough, Matthew Haus, Brian K. Haza, Angelique C. Helber, Robert W. Hogan, Patrick J. Huntley, Helga S. Iskandarani, Mohamed Judt, Falko Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Laxague, Nathan Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. Mariano, Arthur J. Ngodock, Hans E. Novelli, Guillaume Olascoaga, M. Josefina Oezgoekmen, Tamay M. Poje, Andrew C. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Rowley, Clark D. Ryan, Edward H. Smith, Scott R. Spence, Peter L. Thoppil, Prasad G. Wei, Mozheng TI Data assimilation considerations for improved ocean predictability during the Gulf of Mexico Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ocean; Assimilation; Modeling; Gulf of Mexico; Drifter; Covariance ID GLOBAL OCEAN; COHERENT STRUCTURES; SYSTEM; MODEL; PREDICTION; MESOSCALE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB Ocean prediction systems rely on an array of assumptions to optimize their data assimilation schemes. Many of these remain untested, especially at smaller scales, because sufficiently dense observations are very rare. A set of 295 drifters deployed in July 2012 in the north-eastern Gulf of Mexico provides a unique opportunity to test these systems down to scales previously unobtainable. In this study, background error covariance assumptions in the 3DVar assimilation process are perturbed to understand the effect on the solution relative to the withheld dense drifter data. Results show that the amplitude of the background error covariance is an important factor as expected, and a proposed new formulation provides added skill. In addition, the background error covariance time correlation is important to allow satellite observations to affect the results over a period longer than one daily assimilation cycle. The results show the new background error covariance formulations provide more accurate placement of frontal positions, directions of currents and velocity magnitudes. These conclusions have implications for the implementation of 3DVar systems as well as the analysis interval of 4DVar systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobs, Gregg A.; Coelho, Emanuel F.; Helber, Robert W.; Hogan, Patrick J.; Ngodock, Hans E.; Olascoaga, M. Josefina; Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Rowley, Clark D.; Smith, Scott R.; Thoppil, Prasad G.; Wei, Mozheng] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bartels, Brent P.; Spence, Peter L.] Vencore Serv & Solut Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bogucki, Darek J.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Beron-Vera, Francisco J.; Chen, Shuyi S.; Curcic, Milan; Griffa, Annalisa; Gough, Matthew; Haus, Brian K.; Haza, Angelique C.; Iskandarani, Mohamed; Judt, Falko; Laxague, Nathan; Mariano, Arthur J.; Novelli, Guillaume; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Ryan, Edward H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Coelho, Emanuel F.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Griffa, Annalisa] CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-19032 La Spezia, Italy. [Huntley, Helga S.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.; Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Poje, Andrew C.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Gregg.jacobs@nrlssc.navy.mil RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Judt, Falko/Q-8380-2016; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Judt, Falko/0000-0001-7710-9862; Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX This research is funded by a Grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE). The GLAD drifter trajectory dataset used here is publicly available (http://dx.doi.org/10.7266/N7VD6WC8). This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-11-1001 and has been approved for public release. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 83 BP 98 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.09.003 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AT7DH UT WOS:000345096400007 ER PT J AU Leake, JE DeVore, CR Thayer, JP Burns, AG Crowley, G Gilbert, HR Huba, JD Krall, J Linton, MG Lukin, VS Wang, W AF Leake, J. E. DeVore, C. R. Thayer, J. P. Burns, A. G. Crowley, G. Gilbert, H. R. Huba, J. D. Krall, J. Linton, M. G. Lukin, V. S. Wang, W. TI Ionized Plasma and Neutral Gas Coupling in the Sun's Chromosphere and Earth's Ionosphere/Thermosphere SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sun; Ionosphere; Thermosphere; Chromosphere ID FARLEY-BUNEMAN INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUIET-SUN; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE AB We review physical processes of ionized plasma and neutral gas coupling in the weakly ionized, stratified, electromagnetically-permeated regions of the Sun's chromosphere and Earth's ionosphere/thermosphere. Using representative models for each environment we derive fundamental descriptions of the coupling of the constituent parts to each other and to the electric and magnetic fields, and we examine the variation in magnetization of the components. Using these descriptions we compare related phenomena in the two environments, and discuss electric currents, energy transfer and dissipation. We present examples of physical processes that occur in both atmospheres, the descriptions of which have previously been conducted in contrasting paradigms, that serve as examples of how the chromospheric and ionospheric communities can further collaborate. We also suggest future collaborative studies that will help improve our understanding of these two different atmospheres, which while sharing many similarities, also exhibit large disparities in key quantities. C1 [Leake, J. E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huba, J. D.; Krall, J.; Linton, M. G.; Lukin, V. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DeVore, C. R.; Gilbert, H. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thayer, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, A. G.; Wang, W.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Leake, JE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jleake@gmu.edu RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; Burns, Alan/L-1547-2013; Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251 FU NASA's Living with a Star (LWS) Targeted Research and Technology (TRT) program; NASA's "Living with a Star" Targeted Research and Technology program "Plasma-Neutral Gas Coupling in the Chromosphere and Ionosphere"; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by NASA's Living with a Star (LWS) Targeted Research and Technology (TR&T) program. Numerical simulations were performed under a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing (HPC) program. The Authors thank the anonymous referees who contributed significantly to the improvement of this manuscript.; This work was funded by NASA's "Living with a Star" Targeted Research and Technology program "Plasma-Neutral Gas Coupling in the Chromosphere and Ionosphere". Numerical simulations were performed using a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Program. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 151 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 184 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0103-1 PG 66 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AU0NJ UT WOS:000345319600004 ER PT J AU Bond, R Underwood, S Adams, DE Cummins, JJ AF Bond, Ray Underwood, Sara Adams, Douglas E. Cummins, Joshua J. TI Structural health monitoring-based methodologies for managing uncertainty in aircraft structural life assessment SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Structural health monitoring; rotorcraft; composites; wide-area inspection; impact identification; uncertainty management; aircraft maintenance; risk reduction ID STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS; IMPACT IDENTIFICATION; PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS; LOCATION; SYSTEM AB Aircraft maintenance approaches that rely on only scheduled inspections have an intrinsic amount of uncertainty and risk because intervals do not reflect the loading and damage history of individual aircraft. This risk is more pronounced in composite aircraft, because damage is often not visually apparent. This work presents two case studies of complementary structural health monitoring methods that are designed to reduce the risk in aircraft maintenance, as well as the cost of frequent, lengthy inspections. The first is an impact identification system which is capable of locating impacts to a full-scale fuselage using only three sensors. This impact identification method is able to quantify the severity of impacts, allowing maintenance personnel to focus inspections on areas that have sustained frequent and/or high-amplitude impacts. Using this method, over 97% of impacts to a heavy-lift helicopter fuselage are located within 9 in of the true impact location. The second case study details the development of a noncontact wide-area inspection method, which has the potential to reduce inspection times and uncertainty as compared to labor-intensive inspection methods such as coin tap testing. This inspection method exploits the nonlinear forced vibration characteristics of damaged areas through surface velocity measurements acquired by a scanning laser vibrometer. By comparing the structure's response to forcing functions of differing magnitudes, the local nonlinear characteristics of damage are identified. This automated inspection method is shown to be effective in locating subsurface damage in composite helicopter panels and has the potential to reduce both labor costs and damage detection uncertainty. C1 [Bond, Ray; Underwood, Sara; Adams, Douglas E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cummins, Joshua J.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Cummins, JJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Lab Syst Integr & Reliabil, Nashville, TN 37228 USA. EM joshua.j.cummins@vanderbilt.edu FU NAVAIR; SAIC JSORD [PMA261, N00178-04-D-4119] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from NAVAIR and PMA261 in this work through contract N00178-04-D-4119 via SAIC JSORD. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 13 IS 6 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1177/1475921714553733 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AT9EQ UT WOS:000345231200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Barnett, JE Elman, NS Forrest, L Schwartz-Mette, R Kaslow, NJ AF Johnson, W. Brad Barnett, Jeffrey E. Elman, Nancy S. Forrest, Linda Schwartz-Mette, Rebecca Kaslow, Nadine J. TI Preparing Trainees for Lifelong Competence: Creating a Communitarian Training Culture SO TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competence; training; colleague; communitarian; ethics ID PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY; CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SELF-ASSESSMENT; MODEL; PERCEPTIONS; IMPAIRMENT; PRINCIPLES; EDUCATION; SEEKING AB Professional psychology training programs exert a powerful influence on the ways in which trainees come to appreciate and respond to the ethical mandate to ensure their own professional competence. If training psychologists overemphasize individualistic conceptions of lifelong competence, then trainees may be at risk for professional isolation if and when they experience problems of professional competence. In this article, we describe the virtues of communitarianism as an important shift from individual to community conceptions of competence obligations. We introduce the Communitarian Training Culture (CTC), a training ethos that embraces and supports the evolving culture of competence in psychology while infusing it with a distinctly interdependent and communal character. We describe the contours of an effective CTC and provide specific recommendations for psychology training leaders interested in enhancing the communitarian character of their program. C1 [Johnson, W. Brad] US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Barnett, Jeffrey E.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [Elman, Nancy S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Forrest, Linda] Univ Oregon, Ctr Divers & Community, Fac Outreach, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kaslow, Nadine J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu OI Barnett, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0664-4168 NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1931-3918 EI 1931-3926 J9 TRAIN EDUC PROF PSYC JI Train. Educ. Prof. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1037/tep0000048 PG 10 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA AT8BX UT WOS:000345159800003 ER PT J AU Pullen, WM Henebry, A Gaskill, T AF Pullen, W. Michael Henebry, Andrew Gaskill, Trevor TI Variability of Acetabular Coverage Between Supine and Weightbearing Pelvic Radiographs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pelvic tilt; femoroacetabular impingement; acetabular coverage; pelvic tilt variability ID FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT; ADULT HIP; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RELIABILITY; ALIGNMENT AB Background: Radiographic measures of acetabular coverage are essential screening tools used to characterize bony structure contributing to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Small changes in pelvic tilt result in altered radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. Positional changes in pelvic tilt are known to occur between the supine and weightbearing positions. It is unclear whether alteration of pelvic tilt between these positions is clinically sufficient to influence measures of acetabular coverage. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether, and to what degree, imaging position (supine vs weightbearing) is capable of altering several measures of acetabular orientation: pubic symphysis to sacrococcygeal distance (PSSC), angle of Sharp (SA), Tonnis angle (TA), percentage of acetabular crossover (CO), and lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA). The hypothesis was that imaging position would significantly alter all measures of acetabular orientation. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive symptomatic hips referred to a single provider for FAI were evaluated with standardized supine and weightbearing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. Two independent reviewers blinded to patient positioning reviewed each radiograph at 2 separate time points. Mean measurements in each position were compared by use of paired Student t tests, and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of P = .01 was used to represent significance. Results: Statistically significant differences between the supine and weightbearing radiographs were identified for PSSC and all measures of acetabular coverage (P < .003). The mean PSSC decreased between the supine and weightbearing positions by an average of 13.4 mm (P < .001), thereby resulting in decreased mean LCEA, TA, SA, and CO of 1.2 degrees, 1.3 degrees, 0.8 degrees, and 6.3%, respectively (P < .002). The change in positional pelvic tilt was not uniformly predictable and accounted for large measurement changes in some individuals. PSSC also demonstrated considerable inter- and intrasubject variability but averaged 55.8 mm supine and 44.9 mm weightbearing for females and 37.0 mm supine and 20.6 mm weightbearing for males. Conclusion: In this study of nonarthritic adult patients with hip pain, the data indicate that positional changes are capable of significantly altering pelvic tilt and radiographic measures of acetabular coverage. It appears that the weightbearing position typically, but not universally, correlates with additional posterior pelvic tilt and decreased measures of acetabular coverage. Individual positional variability can contribute to large-magnitude changes in radiographic acetabular measures. C1 [Pullen, W. Michael; Henebry, Andrew; Gaskill, Trevor] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gaskill, T (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM trevor.gaskill@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2643 EP 2648 DI 10.1177/0363546514548854 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA AT0XU UT WOS:000344658000016 PM 25214530 ER PT J AU Myers-Ward, RL Mahadik, NA Wheeler, VD Nyakiti, LO Stahlbush, RE Imhoff, EA Hobart, KD Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Myers-Ward, R. L. Mahadik, N. A. Wheeler, V. D. Nyakiti, L. O. Stahlbush, R. E. Imhoff, E. A. Hobart, K. D. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. TI Spontaneous Conversion of Basal Plane Dislocations in 4 Off-Axis 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; EPILAYERS; DEFECTS; CUT; REDUCTION AB The conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to electrically benign threading edge dislocations in 4 degrees off-axis 4HSiC epilayers has been investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging. The conversion spontaneously occurred throughout the epitaxial layer for all substrates studied using similar epitaxial growth conditions. BPD conversion in highly doped epilayers was suppressed compared with lower n-type doped layers, suggesting that nitrogen concentration influences the conversion mechanism. However, it is technologically important for the conversion to occur in a heavily doped buffer layer. The densities of BPDs in low-doped (similar to 10 (14)cm3) films having a thickness of 20 mu m were significantly reduced when a similar to 20 mu m thick highly doped N+ buffer layer was grown between the low-doped layer and the substrate. Without the buffer layer, an average of similar to 50 BPDs cm2 was observed and with the buffer layer, an average of 1.5 BPDs cm2 was detected; the best result was 0.2 BPD cm(-2). A PiN structure consisting of a 25 mu m thick N+ buffer layer to convert the majority of BPDs prior to the device structure was used to test the mitigation process, and the diodes demonstrated no forward voltage change after 225 h of continuous biasing at 100 A cm(-2). C1 [Myers-Ward, R. L.; Mahadik, N. A.; Wheeler, V. D.; Nyakiti, L. O.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Imhoff, E. A.; Hobart, K. D.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, L. O.] ASEE, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Myers-Ward, RL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rachael.myers-ward@nrl.navy.mil FU American Society for Engineering Education-U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Office of Naval Research FX L.O. Nyaldti acknowledges support from the American Society for Engineering Education-U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 5331 EP 5338 DI 10.1021/cg500830j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA AS8RW UT WOS:000344516800001 ER PT J AU Guo, LW Xia, L Bennett, BR Boos, JB Ancona, MG del Alamo, JA AF Guo, Luke W. Xia, Ling Bennett, Brian R. Boos, J. Brad Ancona, Mario G. del Alamo, Jesus A. TI Enhancing p-channel InGaSb QW-FETs via Process-Induced Compressive Uniaxial Strain SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antimonide; QW-FETs; InGaSb; p-FET; stressed dielectric; uniaxial strain ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS AB We study the effect of process-induced uniaxial stress on the performance of biaxially strained InGaSb p-channel quantum-well field-effect transistors (QW-FETs). Uniaxial stress is incorporated using a self-aligned nitride stressor. Compared with unstressed control devices, fabricated stressed devices with a gate length of L-g = 0.30 mu m showed an increase of more than 40% in the drain current at VGS-VT = -0.5 V and V-DS = -2.0 V, an enhancement of more than 40% in the peak extrinsic transconductance at V-DS = -2.0 V, and a reduction in the source and drain resistance of 25%. These figures suggest an enhancement of the intrinsic transconductance by as much as 60%. The improvement in device characteristics was also found to scale favorably with gate length. The results indicate that process-induced compressive uniaxial strain holds great promise for developing high-performance antimonide-based p-FETs. C1 [Guo, Luke W.; Xia, Ling; del Alamo, Jesus A.] MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bennett, Brian R.; Boos, J. Brad; Ancona, Mario G.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guo, LW (reprint author), MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lukeguo@mit.edu RI Xia, Ling/G-5573-2012; Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Intel Corporation; National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by Intel Corporation. The work of L. W. Guo was supported by the National Science Foundation through a Graduate Research Fellowship. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor J. Cai. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1088 EP 1090 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2357429 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AS9WA UT WOS:000344588100006 ER PT J AU Neely, M Kaplan, EL Blumer, JL Faix, DJ Broderick, MP AF Neely, Michael Kaplan, Edward L. Blumer, Jeffrey L. Faix, Dennis J. Broderick, Michael P. TI A Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach Shows that Serum Penicillin G Concentrations Are Below Inhibitory Concentrations by Two Weeks after Benzathine Penicillin G Injection in the Majority of Young Adults SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID A STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; US ARMY; CHILDREN; ANTIBIOTICS; METAANALYSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; FAMILIES; BURDEN AB Serum penicillin G falls to low levels 2 weeks after injection as benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in young adults. Using Pmetrics and previously reported penicillin G pharmacokinetic data after 1.2 million units were given as BPG to 329 male military recruits, here we develop the first reported population pharmacokinetic model of penicillin G after BPG injection. We simulated time-concentration profiles over a broad range of pediatric and adult weights after alternative doses and dose frequencies to predict the probability of maintaining serum penicillin G concentrations of >0.02 mg/liter, a proposed protective threshold against group A Streptococcus pyogenes ( GAS). The final population model included linear absorption into a central compartment, distribution to and from a peripheral compartment, and linear elimination from the central compartment, with allometrically scaled volumes and rate constants. With 1.2 million units of BPG given intramuscularly every 4 weeks in four total doses, only 23.2% of 5,000 simulated patients maintained serum penicillin G trough concentrations of >0.02 mg/liter 4 weeks after the last dose. When the doses were 1.8 million units and 2.4 million units, the percentages were 30.2% and 40.7%, respectively. With repeated dosing of 1.2 million units every 3 weeks and every 2 weeks for 4 doses, the percentages of simulated patients with a penicillin G trough concentration of >0.02 mg/liter were 37.8% and 65.2%, respectively. Our simulations support recommendations for more frequent rather than higher BPG doses to prevent recurrent rheumatic heart disease in areas of high GAS prevalence or during outbreaks. C1 [Neely, Michael] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Lab Appl Pharmacokinet & Bioinformat, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Neely, Michael] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Kaplan, Edward L.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Blumer, Jeffrey L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Blumer, Jeffrey L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Faix, Dennis J.; Broderick, Michael P.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Neely, M (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Lab Appl Pharmacokinet & Bioinformat, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. EM mneely@usc.edu FU NIH [GM068968, HD070886, U10-HD-031323-15]; Department of Defense [W911QY-08-P0281]; Military Vaccine Agency [60501] FX This work was supported by NIH grants GM068968 and HD070886 (M.N.) and U10-HD-031323-15 (J.L.B.) as well as Department of Defense grant W911QY-08-P0281 (M.P.B. and D.J.F.). This work was supported by a grant from the Military Vaccine Agency to the Naval Health Research Center (work unit 60501). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 58 IS 11 BP 6735 EP 6741 DI 10.1128/AAC.02744-14 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AS3EF UT WOS:000344158600048 PM 25182635 ER PT J AU West, AG Aviv, AJ AF West, Andrew G. Aviv, Adam J. TI Measuring Privacy Disclosures in URL Query Strings SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 [Aviv, Adam J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM awest@verisign.com; aviv@usna.edu OI West, Andrew/0000-0001-5840-1032 FU ONR [N001614WX30023]; Maryland Procurement Office [H98230-14-C-0127] FX This article is a significant extension to the one that appeared in the Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Web 2.0 Security and Privacy (W2SP 14). We thank Daniel Kim and Kevin Su for their contributions on a preliminary version.6 ONR grant N001614WX30023 partially supported our research; this article is based on work supported by the Maryland Procurement Office under contract H98230-14-C-0127. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 EI 1941-0131 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 18 IS 6 BP 52 EP 59 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS9XM UT WOS:000344591800009 ER PT J AU Hirst, LC Yakes, MK Bailey, CG Tischler, JG Lumb, MP Gonzalez, M Fuhrer, MF Ekins-Daukes, NJ Walters, RJ AF Hirst, Louise C. Yakes, Michael K. Bailey, Christopher G. Tischler, Joseph G. Lumb, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Maria Fuehrer, Markus F. Ekins-Daukes, N. J. Walters, Robert J. TI Enhanced Hot-Carrier Effects in InAlAs/InGaAs Quantum Wells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE Hot-carrier solar cell (HCSC); InGaAs; InP; thermalization coefficient; quantum well (QW) ID SOLAR-CELL ABSORBERS; ENERGY-LOSS RATES; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; THERMALIZATION; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRONS; CONTACTS AB Hot-carrier solar cells require absorber materials with restricted carrier thermalization pathways, in order to slow the rate of heat energy dissipation from the carrier population to the lattice, relative to the rate of carrier extraction. Absorber suitability can be characterized in terms of carrier thermalization coefficient (Q). Materials with lower Q generate steady-state hot-carrier populations at lower levels of incident solar power and, therefore, are better able to perform as hot-carrier absorbers. In this study, we evaluate Q = 2.5 +/- 0.2W . K-1 . cm(-2) for a In-0.52 AlAs/In0.53GaAs single-quantum-well(QW) heterostructure using photoluminescence spectroscopy. This is the lowest experimentally determined Q value for any material system studied to date. Hot-carrier solar cell simulations, using this material as an absorber yield efficiency similar to 39% at 2000X, which corresponds to a >5% enhancement over an equivalent single-junction thermal equilibrium device. C1 [Hirst, Louise C.; Yakes, Michael K.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Fuehrer, Markus F.; Ekins-Daukes, N. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Hirst, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM louise.hirst.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; michael.yakes@nrl.navy.mil; christo-pher.bailey.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.tischler@nrl.navy.mil; matthew.lumb.ctr.uk@nrl.navy.mil; maria.gonzalez.ctr.sp@nrl.navy.mil; markus.fuhrer@imperial.ac.uk; n.ekins-daukes@imperial.ac.uk; robert.walters@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. L.C.H. and C.G.B. acknowledge support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1531 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2355412 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AS9DH UT WOS:000344542900032 ER PT J AU Escobar, S Meadows, C Meseguer, J Santiago, S AF Escobar, Santiago Meadows, Catherine Meseguer, Jose Santiago, Sonia TI State space reduction in the Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer SO INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID MODEL; CHECKING; SECURITY; NPA AB The Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer (Maude-NPA) is a tool and inference system for reasoning about the security of cryptographic protocols in which the cryptosystems satisfy different equational properties. It both extends and provides a formal framework for the original NRL Protocol Analyzer, which supported equational reasoning in a more limited way. Maude-NPA supports a wide variety of algebraic properties that includes many cryptosystems of interest such as, for example, one-time pads and Diffie-Hellman. Maude-NPA, like the original NPA, looks for attacks by searching backwards from an insecure attack state, and assumes an unbounded number of sessions. Because of the unbounded number of sessions and the support for different equational theories, it is necessary to develop ways of reducing the search space and avoiding infinite search paths. In order for the techniques to prove useful, they need not only to speed up the search, but should not violate completeness, so that failure to find attacks still guarantees security. In this paper we describe some state space reduction techniques that we have implemented in Maude-NPA. We also provide completeness proofs, and experimental evaluations of their effect on the performance of Maude-NPA. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Escobar, Santiago; Santiago, Sonia] Univ Politecn Valencia, DSIC ELP, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Meadows, Catherine] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Meseguer, Jose] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Escobar, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, DSIC ELP, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM sescobar@dsic.upv.es; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; meseguer@cs.uiuc.edu; ssantiago@dsic.upv.es RI Escobar, Santiago/C-9589-2012 OI Escobar, Santiago/0000-0002-3550-4781 FU EU (FEDER); Spanish MEC/MICINN [TIN 2010-21062-C02-02]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO2011/052]; NSF [CNS 09-04749, CCF 09-05584] FX We would like to thank Antonio Gonzalez for his help in providing several protocol specifications in Maude-NPA. S. Escobar and S. Santiago have been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MEC/MICINN under grant TIN 2010-21062-C02-02, and by Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO2011/052. J. Meseguer and S. Escobar have been partially supported by NSF grants CNS 09-04749, and CCF 09-05584. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0890-5401 EI 1090-2651 J9 INFORM COMPUT JI Inf. Comput. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 238 SI SI BP 157 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.ic.2014.07.007 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AS0TQ UT WOS:000343991900007 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG AF Lambrakos, S. G. TI Inverse Thermal Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Deep-Penetration Welds Using Volumetric Constraints SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE joining; modeling and simulation; titanium; welding ID STEEL; MODEL AB Case study inverse thermal analyses of Ti-6Al-4V deep-penetration welds are presented. These analyses employ a methodology that is in terms of numerical-analytical basis functions for inverse thermal analysis of steady state energy deposition in plate structures. The results of the case studies provide parametric representations of weld temperature histories that can be adopted as input data to various types of computational procedures, such as those for prediction of solid-state phase transformations. In addition, these temperature histories can be used to construct parametric-function representations for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The present study applies an inverse thermal analysis procedure that provides for the inclusion of volumetric constraint conditions whose two-dimensional projections are mappings onto transverse cross sections of experimentally measured solidification and transformation boundaries. C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This work was supported by a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal core program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 11 BP 4019 EP 4031 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1213-3 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AS5TA UT WOS:000344331200023 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Reinecke, A Doyle, JD AF Jiang, Qingfang Reinecke, Alex Doyle, James D. TI Orographic Wave Drag over the Southern Ocean: A Linear Theory Perspective SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MESOSCALE GRAVITY-WAVES; JET-FRONT SYSTEMS; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; MOUNTAIN WAVES; CLIMATE MODELS; ANDES; PARAMETERIZATION; BREAKING; PASSAGE AB Recent studies suggest that stratospheric wind biases in global and climate models in the Southern Hemisphere may result from insufficient orographic wave drag, particularly over the Southern Ocean in the latitude belt centered near 60 degrees S. In this study, contributions to the stratospheric wave drag along 60 degrees S from three neighboring orographic wave sources are evaluated using a multiple-layer linear wave model with large-scale wind and stratification profiles derived from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) between the years 1991 and 2010. The orographic wave sources include the Patagonian peaks in the southern Andes, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the island of South Georgia. The climatological and dynamical aspects of the wave drag and its dependence on tropospheric winds are investigated. The results suggest that these orographic wave sources may have significant contributions to the stratospheric drag over the Southern Ocean through meridional spreading of the wave momentum flux aloft associated with three-dimensional wave propagation. Among the three locations considered, the wave drag from the Antarctic Peninsula is substantially larger than that from Patagonia and nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that from South Georgia island. The orographic wave drag is in general proportional to the westerly component of the surface winds and becomes virtually zero when the surface winds have an easterly component, associated with critical level absorption between the tropospheric easterlies and prevailing westerlies in the stratosphere. The derived wave drag exhibits substantial temporal variations, including synoptic-scale, month-to-month, and interannual variations. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang; Reinecke, Alex; Doyle, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N] FX This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. The authors thank Dr. Pulido and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 4235 EP 4252 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0035.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BS UT WOS:000344219100017 ER PT J AU Sou, IM Calantoni, J Reed, AH Furukawa, Y AF Sou, In Mei Calantoni, Joseph Reed, Allen H. Furukawa, Yoko TI Initiation of erosion in unidirectional flow using a synchronized imaging technique SO JOURNAL OF VISUALIZATION LA English DT Article DE Sediment erosion; Unidirectional flow; Synchronized PIV; Turbulence C1 [Sou, In Mei; Calantoni, Joseph; Reed, Allen H.; Furukawa, Yoko] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sou, IM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM inmeisou@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award; Office of Naval Research FX This work was performed while I. M. Sou held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award and was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1343-8875 EI 1875-8975 J9 J VISUAL-JAPAN JI J. Vis. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s12650-014-0205-6 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AS2AZ UT WOS:000344082700005 ER PT J AU Barh, A Ghosh, S Varshney, RK Pal, BP Sanghera, J Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Barh, A. Ghosh, S. Varshney, R. K. Pal, B. P. Sanghera, J. Shaw, L. B. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Mid-IR fiber optic light source around 6 mu m through parametric wavelength translation SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microstructured fibers; nonlinear optics; four-wave mixing ID SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; CHALCOGENIDE; FABRICATION; DESIGN; LASERS; GLASS AB We report a numerically designed highly nonlinear all-glass chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) for the efficient generation of light around 6 mu m through degenerate four-wave mixing by considering a continuous wave CO laser of 5-10 W power emitting at 5.6 mu m as the pump. By tuning the pump wavelength, pump power, fiber dispersion and nonlinear properties, a narrow (N)- and/or broad (B)- band mid-IR all-fiber light source could be realized. Parametric amplification of more than 20 dB is achievable for the N-band source at 6.46 mu m with a maximum power conversion efficiency (C-m) similar to 33%, while a amplification similar to 22 +/- 2 dB is achievable for a B-band source over the wavelength range of 5-6.3 mu m with a C-m > 40%. C1 [Barh, A.; Varshney, R. K.; Pal, B. P.] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Phys, New Delhi 110016, India. [Ghosh, S.] Univ Calcutta, Inst Radio Phys & Elect, Kolkata 700009, India. [Sanghera, J.; Shaw, L. B.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, I. D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Barh, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Phys, New Delhi 110016, India. EM ajanta.barh@gmail.com FU Department of the Navy (USA), Office of Naval Research Global [N62909-10-1-7141]; CSIR (India); DST (India); [IFA-12]; [PH-13] FX This work relates to Department of the Navy (USA) Grant N62909-10-1-7141 issued by Office of Naval Research Global to IIT Delhi. The United States Government has a royalty-free license throughout the world in all copyrightable material contained herein. Some salient features of these results were recently reported by us at the OSA's annual conference FiO at Orlando, FL, in 2013.; AB gratefully acknowledges the award of a Senior PhD fellowship by CSIR (India). SG acknowledges financial support from the DST (India) as an INSPIRE Faculty Fellow [IFA-12; PH-13]. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 24 IS 11 AR 115401 DI 10.1088/1054-660X/24/11/115401 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AT2YE UT WOS:000344799600015 ER PT J AU Alemberti, A Smirnov, V Smith, CF Takahashi, M AF Alemberti, Alessandro Smirnov, Valery Smith, Craig F. Takahashi, Minoru TI Overview of lead-cooled fast reactor activities SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Review DE LFR; Lead; Fast reactors AB The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) features a fast neutron spectrum, high temperature operation, and cooling by molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), low-pressure, chemically inert liquids with very good thermodynamic properties. It would have multiple applications including production of electricity, hydrogen and process heat. System concepts represented in plans of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) System Research Plan (SRP) are based on Europe's ELFR lead-cooled system, Russia's BREST-OD-300 and the SSTAR system concept designed in the US. The LFR has excellent materials management capabilities since it operates in the fast neutron spectrum and uses a closed fuel cycle enhanced by the fertile conversion of uranium. It can also be used as a burner to consume actinides from spent LWR fuel and as a burner/breeder with thorium matrices. An important feature of the LFR is the enhanced safety that results from the choice of molten lead as a chemically inert and low-pressure coolant. In terms of sustainability, lead is abundant and hence available, even in case of deployment of a large number of reactors. More importantly, as with other fast systems, fuel sustainability is greatly enhanced by the conversion capabilities of the LFR fuel cycle. Because they incorporate a liquid coolant with a very high margin to boiling and benign interaction with air or water, LFR concepts offer substantial potential in terms of safety, design simplification, proliferation resistance and the resulting economic performance. An important factor is the potential for benign end state to severe accidents. The LFR has development needs in the areas of fuels, materials performance, and corrosion control. During the next 5 years progress is expected on materials, system design, and operating parameters. Significant test and demonstration activities are underway and planned during this time frame. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alemberti, Alessandro] Ansaldo Nucl, Genoa, Italy. [Smirnov, Valery] NIKIET, Moscow, Russia. [Smith, Craig F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Takahashi, Minoru] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Alemberti, A (reprint author), Ansaldo Nucl, Genoa, Italy. EM alessandro.alemberti@ann.ansaldo.it; sval@nikiet.ru; cfsmith@nps.edu; mtakahas@nr.titech.acjp NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD NOV PY 2014 VL 77 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.11.011 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA AS3WT UT WOS:000344206700028 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Bays, JT Marr, KD Brown, CM Nicholas, AC Finne, TT AF Englert, Christoph R. Bays, J. Timothy Marr, Kenneth D. Brown, Charles M. Nicholas, Andrew C. Finne, Theodore T. TI Optical orbital debris spotter SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Space debris; Orbital debris; Kessler syndrome; Detection; Optical; Laser ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; SPACE; IMPACTS; CONSEQUENCES; SURFACES AB The number of man-made debris objects orbiting the Earth, or orbital debris, is alarmingly increasing, resulting in the increased probability of degradation, damage, or destruction of operating spacecraft. In part, small objects (< 10 cm) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are of concern because they are abundant and difficult to track or even to detect on a routine basis. Due to the increasing debris population it is reasonable to assume that improved capabilities for on-orbit damage attribution, in addition to increased capabilities to detect and track small objects are needed. Here we present a sensor concept to detect small debris with sizes between approximately 1.0 and 0.01 cm in the vicinity of a host spacecraft for near real time damage attribution and characterization of dense debris fields and potentially to provide additional data to existing debris models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Englert, Christoph R.; Brown, Charles M.; Nicholas, Andrew C.; Finne, Theodore T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Geospace Sci & Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bays, J. Timothy] Off Naval Res Reserve Component, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Marr, Kenneth D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Geospace Sci & Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christoph.englert@nrl.navy.mil; tim.bays@pnnl.gov OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. Dr. Bays contributed to this work as a Navy reservist assigned to the Office of Naval Research. Dr. Marr contributed to this work as an NRC Associate in residence at Naval Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 1 SI SI BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.07.031 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AR8RH UT WOS:000343841700011 ER PT J AU Ventura, J Romano, M AF Ventura, Jacopo Romano, Marcello TI Exact analytic solution for the spin-up maneuver of an axially symmetric spacecraft SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Rigid-body dynamics and kinematics; Spin-up maneuver; Analytic solution ID RIGID-BODY; CONSTANT TORQUE; ROTATION; SUBJECT; FORCES; MOTION AB The problem of spinning-up an axially symmetric spacecraft subjected to an external torque constant in magnitude and parallel to the symmetry axis is considered. The existing exact analytic solution for an axially symmetric body is applied for the first time to this problem. The proposed solution is valid for any initial conditions of attitude and angular velocity and for any length of time and rotation amplitude. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be numerically evaluated up to any desired level of accuracy. Numerical experiments and comparison with an existing approximated solution and with the integration of the equations of motion are reported in the paper. Finally, a new approximated solution obtained from the exact one is introduced in this paper. (C) 2014 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ventura, Jacopo] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astronaut, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ventura, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astronaut, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM jacopo.ventura@tum.de; mromano@nps.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 104 IS 1 SI SI BP 324 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.07.038 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AR8RH UT WOS:000343841700032 ER PT J AU Welsh, MM Federinko, SP Burnett, DG Gackstetter, GD Boyko, EJ Seelig, AD Wells, TS Hooper, TI AF Welsh, Marleen M. Federinko, Susan P. Burnett, Daniel G. Gackstetter, Gary D. Boyko, Edward J. Seelig, Amber D. Wells, Timothy S. Hooper, Tomoko I. TI Deployment-Related Depression Screening, 2001-2008 Comparing Clinical Versus Research Surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILITARY SERVICE MEMBERS; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; MILLENNIUM COHORT; US MILITARY; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; ENROLLMENT; IMPACT; AFGHANISTAN AB Background: Potential adverse mental health effects of deployment, including depression, are an ongoing concern. Although a previous study assessed under-reporting of depression on post-deployment health assessments compared to anonymous surveys, those results were not examined at the individual level to identify demographic or military factors that may be associated with unwillingness to report depression symptoms. Purpose: To compare self-reported depression symptoms on post-deployment health assessments with responses to the same depression questions on a research survey. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed depression screening responses from 2001 to 2008 from participants of the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal military cohort study, who completed a post-deployment health assessment within 30 days of a research survey. Kappa statistics and percent positive and negative agreement were calculated. Demographic and military characteristics associated with discordant screening results were examined. Initial analyses were performed in 2011, with additional analyses in 2013. Results: Moderate agreement (kappa=0.464) was observed between paired survey responses. A higher proportion of active duty members, the unmarried, and new accessions into military service endorsed depression symptoms on the research survey but not the military-linked survey. In stratified analyses, agreement was higher in Reserve/National Guard members than active duty (kappa=0.561 vs 0.409). New active duty accessions showed lower agreement (kappa=0.388), as did unmarried active duty participants (kappa=0.304). Conclusions: Deployment health surveys are important tools for identifying returning service members experiencing depression symptoms. However, these findings suggest that ongoing stigma and barriers to appropriate follow-up mental health care remain to be addressed in the military setting. (C) 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 [Welsh, Marleen M.; Federinko, Susan P.; Burnett, Daniel G.; Hooper, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Seelig, Amber D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Optum, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Welsh, MM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1040H,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marleen.welsh.ctr@usuhs.edu FU Management Information Division, U.S. Defense Manpower Data Center (Seaside CA); Military Operational Medicine Research Program; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Military Operational Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick MD) FX We would like to thank the entire Millennium Cohort Study Team from the Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego CA, for their support, as well as the Millennium Cohort Study co-investigators for their leadership. We are also indebted to the Millennium Cohort Study participants, without whom these analyses would not be possible. We appreciate the support from the Management Information Division, U.S. Defense Manpower Data Center (Seaside CA), Military Operational Medicine Research Program, and U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.; The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick MD). Resources from the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System supported Dr. Boyko's involvement in this research. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 47 IS 5 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.036 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA AR6DP UT WOS:000343673800001 PM 25241198 ER PT J AU Smith, AN Nochetto, H AF Smith, Andrew N. Nochetto, Horacio TI Laminar thermally developing flow in rectangular channels and parallel plates: uniform heat flux SO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MICROCHANNELS AB Numerical simulations were conducted for thermally developing laminar flow in rectangular channels with aspect ratios ranging from 1 to 100, and for parallel plates. The simulations were for laminar, thermally developing flow with H1 boundary conditions: uniform heat flux along the length of the channel and constant temperature around the perimeter. In the limit as the non-dimensional length, x* = x/(D (h) RePr), goes to zero, the Nusselt number is dependent on x* to the negative exponent m. As the non-dimensional length goes to infinity the Nusselt number approaches fully developed values that are independent of x*. General correlations for the local and mean heat transfer coefficients are presented that use an asymptotic blending function to transition between these limiting cases. The discrepancy between the correlation and the numerical results is less than 2.5 % for all aspect ratios. The correlations presented are applicable to all aspect ratios and all non-dimensional lengths, and decrease the discrepancy relative to existing correlations. C1 [Smith, Andrew N.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. [Smith, Andrew N.; Nochetto, Horacio] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. EM ansmith@usna.edu FU U.S Army Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the U.S Army Research Laboratory for their financial support and the members of the Power Components Branch for their input and discussions. Contributions to this paper by Andrew Smith were made while on sabbatical at the U. S. Army Research Lab, Adelphi, MD. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-7411 EI 1432-1181 J9 HEAT MASS TRANSFER JI Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1627 EP 1637 DI 10.1007/s00231-014-1363-8 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA AR7IW UT WOS:000343753800013 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Skinner, CJ Kaslow, NJ AF Johnson, W. Brad Skinner, Cessily J. Kaslow, Nadine J. TI Relational Mentoring in Clinical Supervision: The Transformational Supervisor SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPETENCE-BASED SUPERVISION; PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; MODEL AB Effective clinical supervision naturally incorporates many elements of mentoring. In this article, we us the Mentoring Relationship Continuum (MRC) model to frame a discussion of transformational supervision. We define transformational supervision as a rich developmental relationship characterized by increasing relational reciprocity, a greater range of career and psychosocial mentoring functions, and a strong sense of collegiality. As a strong supervisory relationship approaches the transformational end of the MRC, the supervisor offers increasing levels of support, empowerment, authenticity, and reciprocity; over time, the relationship has a more interdependent, egalitarian, and communitarian character. We employ a case example to illustrate excellent transformational supervision. C1 [Johnson, W. Brad; Skinner, Cessily J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kaslow, Nadine J.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9762 EI 1097-4679 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1073 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/jclp.22128 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA AR9EN UT WOS:000343875200006 PM 25220809 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Balasubramaniam, M Chakraborty, A Crider, BP Hicks, SF Karthikraj, C Kersting, LJ Luke, CJ Mcdonough, PJ McEllistrem, MT Peters, EE Prados-Estevez, FM Sigillito, AJ Upadhyay, MM Vanhoy, JR Yates, SW AF Kumar, A. Balasubramaniam, M. Chakraborty, A. Crider, B. P. Hicks, S. F. Karthikraj, C. Kersting, L. J. Luke, C. J. Mcdonough, P. J. McEllistrem, M. T. Peters, E. E. Prados-Estevez, F. M. Sigillito, A. J. Upadhyay, M. M. Vanhoy, J. R. Yates, S. W. TI A study of measured neutron elastic differential neutron cross sections for Na-23 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron cross section; Time of flight; TALYS AB Elastic neutron scattering angular distributions from Na-23 have been measured for incident neutron energies between 1.0 and 4.0 MeV at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory using neutron time-of-flight techniques for the scattered neutrons. This is an energy region in which existing data are very sparse. Measurements are compared with the predictions of the light particle-induced reaction code TALYS. The calculations reproduce forward angle scattering but have difficulty with relative minima in the differential cross section and large-angle scattering. C1 [Kumar, A.; Upadhyay, M. M.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Kumar, A.; Chakraborty, A.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Peters, E. E.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Kumar, A.; Chakraborty, A.; Crider, B. P.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Balasubramaniam, M.; Karthikraj, C.] Bharathiar Univ, Dept Phys, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [Hicks, S. F.; Kersting, L. J.; Luke, C. J.; Mcdonough, P. J.; Sigillito, A. J.] Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. [Vanhoy, J. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM atyagi44@yahoo.co.in RI Sigillito, Anthony/N-5981-2015; Chandarasekaran, Karthikraj/L-3802-2013 OI Sigillito, Anthony/0000-0002-4765-9414; Chandarasekaran, Karthikraj/0000-0002-2706-1060 FU UGC from UGC, Govt of India; Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India [SR/FTP/PS-068/2010]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, NEUP [NU-12-KY-UK-0201-05]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0956310]; Cowan Physics Fund at the University of Dallas; Kinnear Fellowship of the US Naval Academy FX We acknowledge grants received through the UGC Networking scheme, from UGC, Govt of India. AK also acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India for financial support through SR/FTP/PS-068/2010. In the United States, this materials is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, NEUP under NU-12-KY-UK-0201-05, and the U.S. National Science Foundation under PHY-0956310, the Cowan Physics Fund at the University of Dallas, and the Kinnear Fellowship of the US Naval Academy. We acknowledge with appreciation the many contributions of accelerator engineer Harvey Baber. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 302 IS 2 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3535-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9IT UT WOS:000343888100045 ER PT J AU Martin-Horcajo, S Wang, A Romero, MF Tadjer, MJ Koehler, AD Anderson, TJ Calle, F AF Martin-Horcajo, S. Wang, A. Romero, M. F. Tadjer, M. J. Koehler, A. D. Anderson, T. J. Calle, F. TI Impact of device geometry at different ambient temperatures on the self-heating of GaN-based HEMTs SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GaN-based HEMTs; self-heating; gate width; gate length; distance between gate and rain; channel temperature; thermal resistance ID ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; CHANNEL TEMPERATURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; BIAS AB The influence of the device geometry on the self-heating for GaN-based HEMTs was assessed at different ambient temperatures, from 25 degrees C to 175 degrees C. The results showed that the gate width can significantly affect the heat dissipation. In addition to this, the distribution of the generated heat in the channel has been demonstrated to be dependent on the distance between the gate and drain contacts. Besides the device geometry, the ambient temperature was also found to be relevant for the thermal resistance, mainly due to the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the layers and the substrate. The channel temperature and the thermal resistance extracted from the measurements were in good agreement with the simulations. C1 [Martin-Horcajo, S.; Wang, A.; Romero, M. F.; Calle, F.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dept Ingn Elect, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Martin-Horcajo, S.; Wang, A.; Romero, M. F.; Calle, F.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Inst Sistemas Optoelect & Microtecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Tadjer, M. J.; Koehler, A. D.; Anderson, T. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin-Horcajo, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dept Ingn Elect, Av Complutense 30, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM smartin@isom.upm.es RI Romero, Fatima/F-7773-2016; OI CALLE GOMEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0001-7869-6704 FU RUE from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain [CSD2009-0046]; CAVE from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain [TEC2012-38247]; PICATA program at the Moncloa Campus for International Excellence (CEI); American Society for Engineering Education; Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially supported by RUE (CSD2009-0046) and CAVE (TEC2012-38247) projects, from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain. MJT acknowledges partial support from the PICATA program at the Moncloa Campus for International Excellence (CEI), and partial support from the American Society for Engineering Education. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Dr T Brazzini and A Bosca for discussions and assistance. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 11 AR 115013 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/29/11/115013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AS0YS UT WOS:000344003300016 ER PT J AU Crane, WM Newman, JH Romano, M AF Crane, William M. Newman, James H. Romano, Marcello TI Characterization of a shape memory alloy interference coupling SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloy; interference coupling; release mechanism AB A versatile and heretofore unutilized coupling is obtained by press-fitting a hollow nickel titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) shaft into a steel hub. This produces an SMA interference coupling that is distinct from other SMA actuators by the method in which the SMA is used. Press-fitting the hollow SMA shaft in its detwinned martensitic phase into a steel hub creates a joint capable of holding parts such as emergency doors, satellite solar panels, or tamper locks securely together until commanded release. Release is accomplished by heating the SMA to its activation temperature. The resulting decrease in diameter of the hollow SMA shaft allows it to easily slip out of the hub, releasing the part. Load testing of the SMA interference coupling showed ultimate strengths about twice that of traditional press-fit coupling strength calculations. The coupling can be designed to be a simple mechanism of very small size, on the order of one cubic centimeter, capable of achieving coupling strengths in excess of 4000 N (900 lbf). C1 [Crane, William M.] US Navy, Naval Test Wing Atlantic, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Newman, James H.; Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Crane, WM (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Test Wing Atlantic, NAVAIR 5-1D, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM william.m.crane1@navy.mil; jhnewman@nps.edu; mromano@nps.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 11 AR 115011 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/23/11/115011 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA AR9EH UT WOS:000343874500011 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL Perkins, FK Cobas, E Jernigan, GG Campbell, PM Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT AF Friedman, Adam L. Perkins, F. Keith Cobas, Enrique Jernigan, Glenn G. Campbell, Paul M. Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Jonker, Berend T. TI Chemical vapor sensing of two-dimensional MoS2 field effect transistor devices SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS) CY DEC 11-13, 2013 CL Bethesda, MD DE Two-dimensional materials; MoS2; Chemical vapor sensing; Novel semiconductors; Transition metal dichalcogenides; Field effect transistors ID LAYER MOS2; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; MONOLAYER MOS2; LARGE-AREA; BAND-GAP; GRAPHENE; GROWTH; PHOTOTRANSISTORS; HYDROGENATION; CONTACTS AB MoS2, in single to few-layer format, is of interest because of its potential for advanced transistor and sensor applications. Its sizable bandgap enables single layer transistors with large on/off current ratios, and the large surface-to-volume ratio provides sensitive transduction of surface physisorption to the channel conductivity. Here, we discuss aspects of transistor device fabrication and of chemical vapor sensing experiments. We expose MoS2 chemical sensors to a variety of analytes, find the largest response to triethylamine, a nerve gas by-product, and explain our results based on a donor-acceptor model. We show that our MoS2 sensors provide comparable sensitivity and much higher selectivity than other low-dimensional sensors such as carbon nanotube and graphene chemical sensors. We present results for back-gated sensing and light sensitivity for our monolayer MoS2 sensors, and compare the results with multilayer MoS2 sensors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friedman, Adam L.; Cobas, Enrique; Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Jonker, Berend T.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perkins, F. Keith; Jernigan, Glenn G.; Campbell, Paul M.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), Code 6361 US Naval Res Lab,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM adam.friedman@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 108 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 101 SI SI BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2014.06.013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA AR8PX UT WOS:000343838200002 ER PT J AU Gupta, S LeBlanc, JM Shukla, A AF Gupta, Sachin LeBlanc, James M. Shukla, Arun TI Mechanics of the implosion of cylindrical shells in a confining tube SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Implosion; Implodable volume; Collapse; Pressure waves; Computational modeling; Fluid structure interaction; Water hammer; Confined environment ID UNDERWATER IMPLOSIONS; PROPAGATION PRESSURE; PIPELINES; PIPES AB A fundamental experimental investigation, with corresponding computational simulations, was conducted to understand the physical mechanisms of implosions of cylindrical shells occurring within a tubular confining space which has a limited potential energy reservoir. In particular, attention was focused on studying the generation of pressure waves from the implosion, the interaction of the pressure waves with the confining tube walls and end caps, and the collapse mechanisms of the implodable volume. Experiments were conducted with three implodable volume geometries which had similar critical collapse pressures. The implodable volumes were aluminum 6061-T6 cylindrical tubing and were placed concentrically within the confining tube. Pressure histories recorded along the length of the confining tube during the experiments were utilized to analytically evaluate the deformation of the implodable volume using fluid-structure coupled deformation models. Computational simulations were conducted using a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme to explicitly model the implosion process of the tubes along with the resulting compressible fluid flow. The numerical model developed in this study is shown to have high correlation with the experimental results and will serve as a predictive tool for the simulation of the implosion of different cylindrical geometries as well as various tube-in-tube implosion configurations. The experimental results show that the limited hydrostatic potential energy available in a confined environment, as compared to a free field, significantly influences the implosion process. The wall velocities of the implodable volume during the collapse, as well as the extent of the collapse progression, are largely affected by the sudden decrease in the available hydrostatic potential energy. This energy is shown to be partially transformed into elasto-plastic strain energy absorbed in the deformation of the implodable volume, as well as the kinetic energy of the water during the implosion process. Experiments also show that the extent of the collapse progression of an implodable volume can potentially be inhibited within a closed environment, which can lead to the arresting of an implosion event prior to completion for larger implodable volumes. The pressure waves generated during collapse comprise of waves emitted due to the impact of the implodable volume walls, the arrest of rushing water and contact propagation along the walls. These processes later evolve into water hammer type axial wave behavior. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gupta, Sachin; Shukla, Arun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dynam Photo Mech Lab, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [LeBlanc, James M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dynam Photo Mech Lab, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu FU Office of Naval Research Computational Mechanics Program [N00014-12-1-0382, N0001412WX21206] FX The authors kindly acknowledge the financial support provided by the Office of Naval Research Computational Mechanics Program managed by Dr. Stephen E. Turner under Grant No. N00014-12-1-0382 (URI) and N0001412WX21206 (NUWC). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 51 IS 23-24 BP 3996 EP 4014 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.07.022 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA AR5KB UT WOS:000343622600015 ER PT J AU Genin, GM Rosenberg, SP Seger, LM Tran, EL Rivet, DJ Leuthardt, EC AF Genin, Guy M. Rosenberg, Stuart P. Seger, Laura M. Tran, Elizabeth L. Rivet, Dennis J. Leuthardt, Eric C. TI The freedom to heal: nonrigid immobilization by a halo orthosis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE LA English DT Article DE halo orthosis; spinal immobilization; mechanical compliance; structural characterization ID CERVICAL-SPINE; VEST ORTHOSIS; NECK; APPARATUS; FORCES; MOTION; MODEL AB Halo orthoses present a paradox. On the one hand, the nominally rigid immobilization they provide to the head aims to remove loads on the cervical spine following injury or surgery, and the devices are retightened routinely to maintain this. On the other hand, bone growth and remodeling are well known to require mechanical stressing. How are these competing needs balanced? To understand this trade-off in an effective, commercial halo orthosis, the authors quantified the response of a commercial halo orthosis to physiological loading levels, applied symmetrically about the sagittal plane. They showed for the first time that after a few cycles of loading analogous to a few steps taken by a patient, the support presented by a standard commercial halo orthosis becomes nonlinear. When analyzed through straightforward structural modeling, these data revealed that the nonlinearity permits mild head motion while severely restricting larger motion. These observations are useful because they open the possibility that halo orthosis installation could be optimized to transfer mild spinal loads that support healing while blocking pathological loads. C1 [Genin, Guy M.; Leuthardt, Eric C.] Washington Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Genin, Guy M.; Rosenberg, Stuart P.; Seger, Laura M.; Leuthardt, Eric C.] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Rosenberg, Stuart P.; Seger, Laura M.; Tran, Elizabeth L.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Rivet, Dennis J.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Neurosurg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Genin, GM (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Campus Box 1185, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM genin@wustl.edu FU Johanna D. Bemis Trust; Washington University in St. Louis FX This work was funded in part by the Johanna D. Bemis Trust and by Washington University in St. Louis. The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1547-5654 EI 1547-5646 J9 J NEUROSURG-SPINE JI J. Neurosurg.-Spine PD NOV PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.3171/2014.7.SPINE13747 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA AR4AI UT WOS:000343530000019 PM 25147974 ER PT J AU Zhang, FJ Zhu, H Wu, YS Dou, ZH Zhang, Y Kleinman, N Bulterys, M Wu, ZY Ma, Y Zhao, DC Liu, X Fang, H Liu, J Cai, WP Shang, H AF Zhang, Fujie Zhu, Hao Wu, Yasong Dou, Zhihui Zhang, Yao Kleinman, Nora Bulterys, Marc Wu, Zunyou Ma, Ye Zhao, Decai Liu, Xia Fang, Hua Liu, Jing Cai, Wei-Ping Shang, Hong TI HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus co-infection in patients in the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program, 2010-12: a retrospective observational cohort study SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID METHADONE-MAINTENANCE TREATMENT; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INFECTED PATIENTS; GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTICENTER COHORT; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; THERAPY AB Background Hepatitis-related liver diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among people with HIV/AIDS taking combination antiretroviral therapy. We assessed the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection on HIV outcomes in patients in China. Methods We did a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study with data from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program from 2010-11. Patients older than 18 years starting standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV who had tested positive for HBV and HCV were followed up to Dec 31, 2012. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate survival, and logistic regression models to estimate virological failure, immunological response, and retention in care. Findings 33 861 patients with HIV met eligibility criteria. 2958 (8.7%) participants had HBV co-infection, 6149 (18.2%) had HCV co-infection, and 1114 (3.3%) had triple infection. All-cause mortality was higher in participants with triple infection (adjusted hazard ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.53-2.37) and HCV co-infection (1.46, 1.25-1.70) than in those with HIV only, but not in those with HBV co-infection (1.06, 0.89-1.26). People with triple infection were also more likely to have virological failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.56) than were those with HIV only, whereas the difference was not significant for those with HBV co-infection (0.93, 0.80-1.10) or HCV co-infection (1.10, 0.97-1.26). No co-infection was significantly associated with a difference in CD4 cell count after 1 year of treatment. Loss to follow-up was more common among participants with triple infection (OR 1-37, 95% CI 1.16-1.62) and HCV co-infection (1.30, 1.17-1.45), but not HBV co-infection (0.93, 0.82-1.05), than among those with HIV only. Interpretation Screening for viral hepatitis is important in individuals diagnosed as HIV positive. Effective management for viral hepatitis should be integrated into HIV treatment programmes. Long-term data are needed about the effect of hepatitis co-infection on HIV disease progression. C1 [Zhang, Fujie; Wu, Yasong; Dou, Zhihui; Zhang, Yao; Wu, Zunyou; Ma, Ye; Zhao, Decai; Liu, Xia; Fang, Hua] China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Fujie; Liu, Jing; Shang, Hong] China Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Hao; Kleinman, Nora; Bulterys, Marc] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, China Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kleinman, Nora] Assoc Sch & Programs Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Cai, Wei-Ping] Guang Zhou Eighth Peoples Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bulterys, Marc] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP Shang, H (reprint author), China Med Univ, Key Lab AIDS Immunol, Dept Lab Med, Minist Hlth,Affiliated Hosp 1, 155 Nanjing North St, Shenyang, Peoples R China. EM hongshang100@hotmail.com OI Kleinman, Nora/0000-0001-8203-2724 FU National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention FX The National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70946-6 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AR7EZ UT WOS:000343743700031 PM 25303841 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, G Ervens, B Wang, Z Maudlin, LC Coggon, MM Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH Sorooshian, A AF Prabhakar, Gouri Ervens, B. Wang, Z. Maudlin, L. C. Coggon, M. M. Jonsson, H. H. Seinfeld, J. H. Sorooshian, A. TI Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud water; Chloride depletion; Stratocumulus; Marine; Biomass burning; Sea-salt ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MARINE AEROSOL; NITRIC-ACID; EMISSIONS; FIELD; DEPLOYMENT; EFFICIENCY; CAMPAIGN; IMPACTS; INLET AB This study examines the sources of NO3- in stratocumulus clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the California coast using airborne and surface measurement data from the Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE; 2011) and Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE; 2013). Average NO3- air-equivalent concentrations in cloud water samples categorized as having been influenced by ship exhaust (2.5 mu g m(-3)), strong marine emissions (2.5 mu g m(-3)) and fires (2.0 mu g m(-3)) were more than twice that in the background cloud water (0.9 mu g m(-3)). During periods when biomass burning plumes resided above cloud top, 16 of 29 cloud water samples were impacted due to instability in the entrainment interface layer with NO3- levels reaching as high as 9.0 mu g m(-3). Nucleation scavenging of chloride depleted sea-salt is a source of cloud water NO3-, with the lowest Cl-:Na+ ratio (1.5) observed in ship-influenced samples. Surface aerosol measurements show that NOT concentrations peak in the particle diameter range of 1.0-5.6 mu m, similar to Na, Cl- and Si, suggesting that drop activation of crustal particles and sea salt could be an important source of NO3- in cloud water. The contrasting behavior of NOT and SO42- is emphasized by the NO3-:SO42- mass concentration ratio which is highest in cloud water (by more than a factor of two) followed by above cloud aerosol, droplet residual particles, and below cloud aerosol. Trends of a decreasing NO3-:SO42- ratio with altitude in clouds are confirmed by parcel model studies due to the higher rate of in-cloud sulfate formation as compared to HNO3 uptake by droplets. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prabhakar, Gouri; Maudlin, L. C.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ervens, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] NOAA, ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Z.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Coggon, M. M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Prabhakar, Gouri/0000-0003-4578-8658; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1008848]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811, and National Science Foundation grant AGS-1008848. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector. Barbara Ervens acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 SI SI BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1HQ UT WOS:000343336700020 ER PT J AU Sassi, F Liu, HL AF Sassi, Fabrizio Liu, Han-Li TI Westward traveling planetary wave events in the lower thermosphere during solar minimum conditions simulated by SD-WACCM-X SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lower thermosphere dynamics; Sudden stratospheric warming; Planetary-scale waves ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MODEL; MESOSPHERE; WARMINGS; BREAKING; ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB We present numerical simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, eXtended version (WACCM-X), whose dynamics is constrained by atmospheric specifications during recent and historical solar minimum conditions. The focus of this study is to describe how various dynamical conditions of boreal winter affect the dynamical behavior of the lower thermosphere (90-150 km). The model simulations are carried out during solar minimum conditions and the results shown here discuss the period January 1-March 30 for five years (1995, 1996, 2008, 2009, and 2010). These years were selected because they include boreal winters without stratospheric warming (1995 and 1996), with modest or normal stratospheric warming (2008 and 2010), and with a large and persistent stratospheric warming (2009). The ultimate goal of this study is to encapsulate the statistically significant dynamical behavior due to westward propagating, planetary-scale waves (wavenumber 1 and wavenumber 2) in the lower thermosphere that are associated with different stratospheric conditions. To this end we show that the westward zonal acceleration above about 80 km is by and large described by traveling waves with periods between 2 and 10 days. We show that the momentum carried by these waves is unlikely to affect directly the momentum budget of the extra-tropical lower thermosphere, where instead gravity-wave drag figures prominently. However, at the times leading to and following large stratospheric disturbances, we show prominent meridional propagation of wave activity from the mid-latitudes toward the tropics. In combination with strong eastward meridional wind shear, our results provide further evidence that such equatorward propagation of momentum in the lower thermosphere might influence the amplitude of equatorially trapped tides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sassi, Fabrizio] Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Han-Li] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sassi, F (reprint author), Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Code 7631, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fabrizio.sassi@nrl.navy.mil RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434 FU NASA/LWS [NNH12AT21I]; National Science Foundation (USA) [AGS-1138784]; NASA LWS [NNX09AJ83G, NNX13AE20G]; Office of Naval Research; U.S. National Science Foundation; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Navy DOD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO) [NRLDC08695411] FX The authors wish to thank S.D. Eckermann and J.P. McCormack at NRL, and A. Maute at NCAR for comments and suggestions at different stages of this effort. The comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. FS and HL were partially supported by NASA/LWS Grant NNH12AT21I. HL acknowledges support by National Science Foundation (USA) Grant AGS-1138784 and NASA LWS Grants NNX09AJ83G and NNX13AE20G. FS also acknowledges the support of 6.1 funding from the Office of Naval Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the US Navy DOD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO) (grant no. NRLDC08695411). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.06.009 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6AQ UT WOS:000342890100002 ER PT J AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Hedges, CR Descovich, GL AF Gannon, Anthony J. Hobson, Garth V. Hedges, Collin R. Descovich, Gregory L. TI Investigation and Prediction of Steam-Induced Stall-Margin Reduction in Two Transonic Rotor Fans SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE steam-induced stall; simulation; stall prediction; steam-air mixture ID COMPRESSOR AB An investigation into the behavior of two transonic compressor rotors operating at near-stall conditions while ingesting hot-steam was undertaken. This type of inlet flow was similar to that experienced by naval aircraft during steam catapult launches and has had the potential to adversely affect engine performance. The research was divided into three broad areas: experimental, theoretical and numerical. The first area, experimental, used the Naval Postgraduate School's transonic compressor rig. The rig was modified to introduce hot steam into the inlet flow during testing. Two rotor-only tests were completed; one with an unswept rotor and the other with a forward swept rotor. The experimental program yielded two sets of results. The first recorded data on the operational behavior of a transonic compressor ingesting a super-heated steam and air mixture, notably the quantification of the stall margin (SM) reduction. The second data set captured transient measurements of the inlet flow gas properties. The transient inlet data were then used in the second research area; a theoretical analysis based on a thermodynamic model of the inlet flow. Prior to this investigation, little information was available for higher temperature steam-air mixtures of this type. The analysis used certain simplifying assumptions to perform a fundamental of the inflow which yielded the inlet flow transient changes of specific heat capacities, gas constants, and, therefore, sonic velocities. Using these transient inlet properties, the third area of the investigation was performed, developing a numerical model. A fully transient simulation over the time period of an ingestion event would not be practical due to the large computational requirements needed. A quasi-transient method with large intermediate time steps was developed. The method is presented and was found to be reasonable at predicting the stall-margin reduction when compared to the available experimental results. These results would have potential use in design applications and for evaluating existing compressor steam ingestion tolerance. C1 [Gannon, Anthony J.; Hobson, Garth V.; Hedges, Collin R.; Descovich, Gregory L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, 700 Dyer Rd,RM 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajgannon@nps.edu; gvhobson@nps.edu; crhedges@gmail.com; gldescov@yahoo.com RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2014 VL 136 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1115/1.4028318 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AQ6DH UT WOS:000342898100001 ER PT J AU Lee, AM Briandet, BM Caranta, DG Zelig, CM AF Lee, Amy M. Briandet, Benjamin M. Caranta, Diane G. Zelig, Craig M. TI Adverse pregnancy outcomes in hypertensive patients: predictive value of protein concentration versus total protein SO JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Preeclampsia; proteinuria; twenty-four hour urine protein collection ID PREECLAMPSIA; EXCRETION AB Objectives: To compare the predictive value of protein concentration in a twenty-four hour urine collection to the conventional total protein in a twenty-four hour urine collection for adverse pregnancy outcomes in hypertensive patients. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Hypertensive patients >= 20 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) who completed twenty-four hour urine protein collections were identified; antepartum and delivery data were examined. For study patients who met criteria for adverse pregnancy outcome, multi-variable analysis was performed and summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each model (total protein compared to protein concentration). The models were compared by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 150 patients were analyzed. Mean gestational age at delivery was 36.7 weeks. Analysis of the ROC curves showed no significant difference between the models (AUCs of 0.668 versus 0.656, p = 0.715). Optimal thresholds were 299.2mg for total protein and 0.1 mg/ml for protein concentration. Conclusion: A protein concentration of 0.1 mg/ml on a twenty-four hour urine collection appears equivalent to the traditional 300mg total protein. If confirmed by prospective studies, this finding would be clinically important in cases where collections fall short of the 300mg threshold but exceed the 0.1 mg/ml concentration. C1 [Lee, Amy M.; Caranta, Diane G.; Zelig, Craig M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Briandet, Benjamin M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Lee, AM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM amymilee@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1476-7058 EI 1476-4954 J9 J MATERN-FETAL NEO M JI J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 27 IS 16 BP 1643 EP 1645 DI 10.3109/14767058.2014.889112 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA AQ7WW UT WOS:000343031000006 PM 24484078 ER PT J AU Chaloux, BL Ricks-Laskoski, HL Miller, JB Saunders, KM Hickner, MA AF Chaloux, Brian L. Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L. Miller, Joel B. Saunders, Kaitlin M. Hickner, Michael A. TI Probing Microphase Separation and Proton Transport Cooperativity in Polymer-Tethered 1H-Tetrazoles SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 1H-tetrazole; carboxylic acid; charge carrier density; microphase separation; polyelectrolytes; proton conductor; proton mobility ID SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS; CONDUCTING POLYMER; ACID-SOLUTIONS; FORMIC-ACID; MEMBRANES; MORPHOLOGY; TETRAZOLES; IMPEDANCE; WATER; COPOLYMERS AB To elucidate the driving forces for phase separation and proton conductivity in polystyrenic alkoxy 1H-tetrazole (PS-Tet), an analogous polystyrenic alkoxy carboxylic acid (PS-HA) was synthesized and the conductivity and chain dynamics of both materials measured. Proton and polymer motions illustrate dramatic differences in the nonaqueous behavior of carboxylic acids and 1H-tetrazoles, belying similarities in their aqueous properties. Exceptional interactions between 1H-tetrazoles drive phase separation not observed in PS-HA or reported for other azole-containing homopolymers. PS-HA and PS-Tet exhibit both dry (0% relative humidity) and hydrated proton dissociations proportional to their aqueous pK(a)s, with residual water acting as the proton acceptor in both polymers. While water is the sole contributor to mobility in PS-HA, PS-Tet exhibits dynamic interactions with water allowing 1H-tetrazole moieties to contribute to proton conduction even in the hydrated state. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1375-1387 C1 [Chaloux, Brian L.; Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L.; Miller, Joel B.; Saunders, Kaitlin M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hickner, Michael A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ricks-Laskoski, HL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM holly.ricks-laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for financial support of this project. The authors would also like to thank Dr. J. Ross Mac-donald for insightful discussions concerning impedance and dielectric analysis of conduction in solid ionic conductors. Additionally, BLC would like to acknowledge NRL's Student Temporary Employment and Pathways (STEP) Programs, and KMS would like to acknowledge NRL's Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 52 IS 21 BP 1375 EP 1387 DI 10.1002/polb.23573 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AQ4CI UT WOS:000342739400001 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Peng, JY Li, T Hendricks, E AF Peng, Melinda S. Peng, Jiayi Li, Tim Hendricks, Eric TI Effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization. Part I: Barotropic basic vortex SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vortex axisymmetrization; asymmetry; baroclinicity ID TROPICAL CYCLONE EVOLUTION; ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SPIRAL BANDS; CYCLOGENESIS; ASYMMETRIES; HURRICANES; DEPENDENCE; BUDGETS AB The barotropic and baroclinic disturbances axisymmetrized by the barotropic basic vortex are examined in an idealized modeling framework consisting of two layers. Using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach, the radial propagation of a baroclinic disturbance is shown to be slower than a barotropic disturbance, resulting in a slower linear axisymmetrization for baroclinic disturbances. The slower-propagating baroclinic waves also cause more baroclinic asymmetric kinetic energy to be transferred directly to the barotropic symmetric vortex than from barotropic disturbances, resulting in a faster axisymmetrization process in the nonlinear baroclinic wave case than in the nonlinear barotropic wave case. C1 [Peng, Melinda S.; Hendricks, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Peng, Jiayi] NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Met, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peng, JY (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiayi.peng@noaa.gov FU ONR [PE 0602435N, N000140310739]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology FX This work was sponsored by ONR Grants PE 0602435N and N000140310739. The International Pacific Research Center is partially supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1266 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-3237-x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP2MW UT WOS:000341907500002 ER PT J AU Peng, JY Peng, MS Li, T Hendricks, E AF Peng, Jiayi Peng, Melinda S. Li, Tim Hendricks, Eric TI Effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization. Part II: Baroclinic basic vortex SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vortex axisymmetrization; asymmetry; baroclinicity ID TROPICAL CYCLONE EVOLUTION; ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DOPPLER RADAR; MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPENDENCE; NUMBER AB The effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization is examined within a two-layer dynamical model. Three basic state vortices are constructed with varying degrees of baroclinicity: (i) barotropic, (ii) weak baroclinic, and (iii) strong baroclinic. The linear and nonlinear evolution of wavenumber-2 baroclinic disturbances are examined in each of the three basic state vortices. The results show that the radial propagating speed of the vortex Rossby wave at the lower level is larger with the stronger baroclinicity, resulting in a faster linear axisymmetrization process in the stronger baroclinic vortex. It is found that the nonlinear axisymmetrization process takes the longest time in the strongest baroclinic vortex among the three different basic vortices due to the weaker kinetic energy transfer from asymmetric to symmetric circulations at the lower level. A major finding in this study is that the same initial asymmetric perturbation can have different effects on symmetric vortices depending on the initial vortex baroclinicity. In numerical weather prediction models, this implies that there exists a sensitivity of the subsequent structural and intensity change solely due to the specification of the initial vertical shear of the tropical cyclone vortex. C1 [Peng, Jiayi] NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.; Hendricks, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Met, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peng, JY (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiayi.peng@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000140310739, PE 0602435N]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) FX This work was supported by ONR Grants N000140310739 and PE 0602435N. The International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-3238-9 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP2MW UT WOS:000341907500003 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Bisi, MM de Koning, CA Farrugia, CJ Jackson, BV Jian, LK Lugaz, N Marubashi, K Mostl, C Romashets, EP Wood, BE Yu, HS AF Webb, D. F. Bisi, M. M. de Koning, C. A. Farrugia, C. J. Jackson, B. V. Jian, L. K. Lugaz, N. Marubashi, K. Moestl, C. Romashets, E. P. Wood, B. E. Yu, H. -S. TI An Ensemble Study of a January 2010 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): Connecting a Non-obvious Solar Source with Its ICME/Magnetic Cloud SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; EMPIRICAL RECONSTRUCTION; STEREO MISSION; CONSTANT-ALPHA; SOHO MISSION; IMAGER SMEI; WIND; MODEL; EARTH; LASCO AB A distinct magnetic cloud (MC) was observed in-situ at the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)-B on 20 -aEuro parts per thousand 21 January 2010. About three days earlier, on 17 January, a bright flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) were clearly observed by STEREO-B, which suggests that this was the progenitor of the MC. However, the in-situ speed of the event, several earlier weaker events, heliospheric imaging, and a longitude mismatch with the STEREO-B spacecraft made this interpretation unlikely. We searched for other possible solar eruptions that could have caused the MC and found a faint filament eruption and the associated CME on 14 -aEuro parts per thousand 15 January as the likely solar source event. We were able to confirm this source by using coronal imaging from the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI)/EUVI and COR and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronograph (LASCO) telescopes and heliospheric imaging from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and the STEREO/Heliospheric Imager instruments. We use several empirical models to understand the three-dimensional geometry and propagation of the CME, analyze the in-situ characteristics of the associated ICME, and investigate the characteristics of the MC by comparing four independent flux-rope model fits with the launch observations and magnetic-field orientations. The geometry and orientations of the CME from the heliospheric-density reconstructions and the in-situ modeling are remarkably consistent. Lastly, this event demonstrates that a careful analysis of all aspects of the development and evolution of a CME is necessary to correctly identify the solar counterpart of an ICME/MC. C1 [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Bisi, M. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space Sci & Technol Facil Council, Oxford, England. [de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jackson, B. V.; Yu, H. -S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jian, L. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marubashi, K.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Moestl, C.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Romashets, E. P.] Lone Star Coll, Houston, TX USA. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM david.webb@bc.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010 OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527 FU Air Force at Boston College [AF19628-00-K-0073, FA8718-04-C-0006]; Navy contracts [N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001]; European Union [263252]; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; UCSD NSF [AG-S-1053766, ATM-0925023]; NASA [NNX11AB50G, NNX13AP39G, NAS5-00132]; AFOSR [11NE043]; NSF [AG-S-1242798, AG-S-1140211]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate as part of the STEREO project; STFC; NASA TRT grant [NNX09AJ84G] FX We thank the Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Austria for hosting a workshop on this event in March 2011. We are grateful to the STEREO/SECCHI PI, Russell Howard, the STEREO/PLASTIC PI, Antoine Galvin, and the STEREO/IMPACT PI, Janet Luhmann, for the use of data and analyses from these instrument suites. We thank Gemma Attrill, John Clover, Timothy Howard, Nariaki Nitta, Dusan Odstrcil, S. James Tappin, and Marek Vandas for their analysis efforts on these events during the January 2010 period. The SMEI instrument is a collaborative project of the US Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Birmingham, UK, Boston College, and Boston University. The STEREO/SECCHI Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument was developed by a collaboration that included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the University of Birmingham, both in the United Kingdom, the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium, and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. The SECCHI project is an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of Birmingham, Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Centre Spatial de Liege, Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee, and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. We also benefitted from data from the SOHO mission, which is an international collaboration between and ESA and NASA, and also from the SOHO/LASCO CME catalog, generated and maintained by the Center for Solar Physics and Space Weather, The Catholic University of America in cooperation with NRL and NASA. The work of DFW was supported at Boston College by Air Force contracts AF19628-00-K-0073 and FA8718-04-C-0006 and Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. The work of CM was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 263252 (COMESEP), and by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. BVJ and H-SY were supported by UCSD NSF grant and AG-S-1053766, NASA grant NNX11AB50G, and AFOSR grant 11NE043. LKJ was supported by NSF grant AG-S-1242798 and by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as part of the STEREO project, including the IMPACT and PLASTIC investigations. MMB acknowledges support on these analyses initially from UCSD NSF grant ATM-0925023, and also from STFC funding to RAL Space at The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. CJF was supported by NASA grant NNX13AP39G and NSF grant AG-S-1140211. Part of this work was supported by NASA (NAS5-00132) for STEREO/PLASTIC at UNH. CADK was supported by NASA TR&T grant NNX09AJ84G. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 289 IS 11 BP 4173 EP 4208 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0571-1 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO6YW UT WOS:000341499800010 ER PT J AU Ionescu, M Rogers, LG AF Ionescu, Marius Rogers, Luke G. TI COMPLEX POWERS OF THE LAPLACIAN ON AFFINE NESTED FRACTALS AS CALDERON-ZYGMUND OPERATORS SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Analysis on fractals; Calderon-Zygmund operators; Riesz potentials; Bessel potentials ID SELF-SIMILAR FRACTALS; SIERPINSKI GASKET; SPECTRAL MULTIPLIERS; DIFFUSION-PROCESSES; KERNEL; SPACES AB We give the first natural examples of Calderon-Zygmund operators in the theory of analysis on post-critically finite self-similar fractals. This is achieved by showing that the purely imaginary Riesz and Bessel potentials on nested fractals with 3 or more boundary points are of this type. It follows that these operators are bounded on L-p, 1 < p < infinity and satisfy weak 1-1 bounds. The analysis may be extended to in finite blow-ups of these fractals, and to product spaces based on the fractal or its blow-up. C1 [Ionescu, Marius] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rogers, Luke G.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Math, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Ionescu, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM felijohn@gmail.com; rogers@math.uconn.edu FU Simons Foundation [209277] FX This research was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#209277 to Marius Ionescu). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1534-0392 EI 1553-5258 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL ANAL JI Commun. Pure Appl. Anal PD NOV PY 2014 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2155 EP 2175 DI 10.3934/cpaa.2014.13.2155 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AO0QP UT WOS:000341016400002 ER PT J AU Sengers, JV Wang, YYL Kamgar-Parsi, B Dorfman, JR AF Sengers, J. V. Wang, Y. -Y. Lin Kamgar-Parsi, B. Dorfman, J. R. TI Kinetic theory of drag on objects in nearly free molecular flow SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Kinetic theory; Drag coefficient; Inverse-Knudsen-number expansion; Nearly free molecular flow; Speed ratio ID BINARY-COLLISION OPERATORS; HYDRODYNAMIC FLOWS; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; DENSITY EXPANSION; HARD-SPHERES; GAS; CONTINUUM; CYLINDER AB Using an analogy between the density expansion of the transport coefficients of moderately dense gases and the inverse-Knudsen-number expansion of the drag on objects in nearly free molecular flows, we formulate the collision integrals that determine the first correction term to the free-molecular drag limit. We then show how the procedure can be applied to calculate the drag coefficients of an oriented disc and a sphere as a function of the speed ratio. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sengers, J. V.; Dorfman, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Y. -Y. Lin] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Kamgar-Parsi, B.] Off Naval Res, Math Comp & Informat Res Div, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Sengers, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sengers@umd.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 413 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2014.06.026 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO0CW UT WOS:000340977700044 ER PT J AU Chen, KS Tsang, L Chen, KL Liao, TH Lee, JS AF Chen, Kun-Shan Tsang, Leung Chen, Kuan-Liang Liao, Tien Hao Lee, Jong-Sen TI Polarimetric Simulations of SAR at L-Band Over Bare Soil Using Scattering Matrices of Random Rough Surfaces From Numerical Three-Dimensional Solutions of Maxwell Equations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Coherent target decomposition; numerical simulation; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar ID DECOMPOSITION; MOISTURE; MODEL; PARAMETERS; INVERSION; EMISSION AB We have performed simulations of random rough surface scattering using 3-D numerical solution of Maxwell equations (NMM3D) using surface size up to 32 x 32 squared wavelengths. The rough surfaces are characterized by exponential correlation functions. The simulation results of cross-and copolarization backscattering coefficients were in good agreement with experimental measurements of bare soils at L-band. Because in numerical solutions of Maxwell equations the electric fields of the scattered wave are calculated for each realization, scattering matrices can be simulated by NMM3D, and such simulations are performed in this paper. For a given RMS height, correlation length, soil permittivity, and incident angle, we calculated the radar scattering matrix up to 958 independent realizations. For each realization, the components of the scattering matrix, namely, S-HH, S-VV, S-HV, and S-VH, are calculated. Using the simulated scattering matrices, we calculate the polarimetric speckle statistics (amplitude and phase difference), followed by a comparison with theoretical distributions. For fully developed speckle from the homogeneous rough surface, the results are examined and validated to ensure the simulated data quality as far as polarimetric properties are concerned. By taking ensemble averages, we calculate the coherency matrix from which the eigenvalues, entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle in coherent target decomposition are then calculated. In particular, characterization of polarimetric descriptors for rough surface is presented. Issues of scattering symmetry characteristics are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Kun-Shan; Chen, Kuan-Liang] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli 320, Taiwan. [Tsang, Leung; Liao, Tien Hao] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, KS (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli 320, Taiwan. FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA2386-13-1-4017]; National Science Council of Taiwan FX This work was supported in part by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development under Grant FA2386-13-1-4017, by the National Science Council of Taiwan for the sabbatical appointment of L. Tsang, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Soil Moisture Active/Passive project. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2014 VL 52 IS 11 BP 7048 EP 7058 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2306922 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN0MN UT WOS:000340278800023 ER PT J AU Hagen, RA Peters, MF Liang, RT Ball, DG Brozena, JM AF Hagen, Rick A. Peters, Mary F. Liang, Robert T. Ball, David G. Brozena, John M. TI Measuring Arctic Sea Ice Motion in Real Time With Photogrammetry SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic regions; ice; image matching; image motion analysis; image registration AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been collecting sea ice data in the Arctic, off the northern coast of Alaska, with an airborne system employing a radar altimeter, lidar, and a photogrammetric camera in an effort to obtain wide swaths of measurements coincident with CryoSat-2 track footprints. Because the satellite tracks traverse regions of moving pack ice, and the aircraft speed and measurement footprint are smaller than that of the satellite, it is necessary to know the local ice motion in order to plan and fly a full-coverage survey. With the advent of functional and real-time orthographic photogrammetric systems, we have developed a Real-Time Ice Motion Estimation (RTIME) system that permits the rapid determination of sea ice motion. RTIME enables tracking of specific patches of ice, allowing direct comparison of airborne data to satellite data on a point-by-point basis. This system should be of utility to other Arctic airborne science programs. C1 [Hagen, Rick A.; Peters, Mary F.; Liang, Robert T.; Brozena, John M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ball, David G.] Exelis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Hagen, RA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.hagen@nrl.navy.mil; mary.peters@nrl.navy.mil; robert.liang@nrl.navy.mil; David.Ball.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; john.brozena@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the "Determining the Impact of Sea Ice Thickness" 6.1 Program [PE 61153N] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the "Determining the Impact of Sea Ice Thickness" 6.1 Program under Grant PE 61153N. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1956 EP 1960 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2314958 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI9SV UT WOS:000337277500021 ER PT J AU Shu, IW Onton, JA O'Connell, RM Simmons, AN Matthews, SC AF Shu, I-Wei Onton, Julie A. O'Connell, Ryan M. Simmons, Alan N. Matthews, Scott C. TI Combat veterans with comorbid PTSD and mild TBI exhibit a greater inhibitory processing ERP from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE N200; P300; Conflict monitoring; Response inhibition; Biomarker ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; CONCUSSED INDIVIDUALS; CONFLICT ADAPTATION; FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS; HEAD-INJURY AB Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among combat personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While patients with either PTSD or mTBI share abnormal activation of multiple frontal brain areas, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity during inhibitory processing may be particularly affected by PTSD. To further test this hypothesis, we recorded electroencephalography from 32 combat veterans with mTBI-17 of whom were also comorbid for PTSD (mTBI+PTSD) and 15 without PTSD (mTBI-only). Subjects performed the Stop Task, a validated inhibitory control task requiring inhibition of initiated motor responses. We observed a larger inhibitory processing eventrelated potential (ERP) in veterans with mTBI+PTSD, including greater N200 negativity. Furthermore, greater N200 negativity correlated with greater PTSD severity. This correlation was most dependent on contributions from the dorsal ACC. Support vector machine analysis demonstrated that N200 and P300 amplitudes objectively classified veterans into mTBI-only or mTBI+PTSD groups with 79.4% accuracy. Our results support a model where, in combat veterans with mTBI, larger ERPs from cingulate areas are associated with greater PTSD severity and likely related to difficulty controlling ongoing brain processes, including trauma-related thoughts and feelings. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Shu, I-Wei; Matthews, Scott C.] VISN22 Mental Illness, Res Educ & Clin Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Shu, I-Wei; O'Connell, Ryan M.; Simmons, Alan N.; Matthews, Scott C.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [O'Connell, Ryan M.; Matthews, Scott C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Simmons, Alan N.; Matthews, Scott C.] Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Onton, Julie A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Onton, Julie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shu, IW (reprint author), Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr,116A, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. EM ishu@ucsd.edu FU BUMED under Work Unit 61032; VA Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center; VA Office of Academic Affiliations; VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research Treatment; VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health; University of California San Diego Academic Senate; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs; CDA-2 Award from the VA CSRD FX This work represents Report No. 13-xx and is supported by BUMED under Work Unit 61032. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocols NHRC.2010.0022 and NHRC.2010.0023).; The authors are grateful to Elena Kosheleva and Jenny Marks for their contributions to this research, which was supported by the VA Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Office of Academic Affiliations, VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research Treatment, VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, and by grants from the University of California San Diego Academic Senate, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs. Dr. Matthews is supported by a CDA-2 Award from the VA CSR&D. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0925-4927 EI 1872-7506 J9 PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM JI Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging PD OCT 30 PY 2014 VL 224 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.07.010 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA AQ0MW UT WOS:000342478400009 PM 25150386 ER PT J AU Hysell, DL Munk, J McCarrick, M AF Hysell, D. L. Munk, J. McCarrick, M. TI Sporadic E ionization layers observed with radar imaging and ionospheric modification SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sporadic E; ionospheric modification ID FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; MID-LATITUDE; MU-RADAR; INSTABILITY; SHEAR; MODULATION; RESONANCE; DIRECTION; PLASMA AB Sporadic E ionization layers have been observed in the daytime subauroral ionospheric E layer by a 30 MHz radar in Alaska. The radar detects coherent backscatter from meter-scale field-aligned plasma density irregularities. The irregularities were generated by ionospheric modificationby the emission of strong HF electromagnetic waves directly beneath the layersmaking the layers visible to the radar. Aperture-synthesis methods are used to generate imagery of the layers from the radar data. The layers are patchy, with patches organized along fronts spaced by tens of kilometers and propagating slowly toward the southwest. Similar, naturally occurring layers are commonly observed at middle latitudes at night in the absence of ionospheric modification. That the patchy layers can be found at high magnetic latitudes during the day argues that they are most likely produced through the interaction of the ionospheric layer with neutral atmospheric waves and instabilities. Attenuation of the radar echoes when the HF emission frequency exceeded the third harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency was observed and is discussed. C1 [Hysell, D. L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Munk, J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK USA. [McCarrick, M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Hysell, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM david.hysell@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1042057, AGS-1342895]; DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0099] FX This work was supported by awards AGS-1042057 and AGS-1342895 from the National Science Foundation and by contract HR0011-09-C-0099 from DARPA to Cornell University. D. L. H. appreciates the helpful comments from C. La Hoz received during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6987 EP 6993 DI 10.1002/2014GL061691 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU0WO UT WOS:000345343100001 ER PT J AU Khemlani, SS Barbey, AK Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet S. Barbey, Aron K. Johnson-Laird, Philip N. TI Causal reasoning with mental models SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE causal reasoning; mental models; explanations; enabling conditions; lateral prefrontal cortex ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; UNIT-ACTIVITY; ENABLING CONDITIONS; WORKING-MEMORY; FRONTAL-LOBE; ARCHITECTURE; MONKEY; LESION; COVARIATION; EXPLANATION AB This paper outlines the model-based theory of causal reasoning. It postulates that the core meanings of causal assertions are deterministic and refer to temporally-ordered sets of possibilities: A causes B to occur means that given A, B occurs, whereas A enables B to occur means that given A, it is possible for B to occur. The paper shows how mental models represent such assertions, and how these models underlie deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning yielding explanations. It reviews evidence both to corroborate the theory and to account for phenomena sometimes taken to be incompatible with it. Finally, it reviews neuroscience evidence indicating that mental models for causal inference are implemented within lateral prefrontal cortex. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet S.] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Barbey, Aron K.] Univ Illinoi Urbana Champaign, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL USA. [Johnson-Laird, Philip N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, Philip N.] NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Khemlani, SS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com; barbey@illinois.edu; phil@princeton.edu RI Barbey, Aron/L-7312-2015 OI Barbey, Aron/0000-0002-6092-0912 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation Grant [SES 0844851] FX This research reported herein was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to the first author, and by National Science Foundation Grant No. SES 0844851 to the second author to study deductive and probabilistic reasoning. We are grateful for Max Lotstein for help in all aspects of the research, including the computational modeling. We thank Paul Bello, Ruth Byrne, Sam Glucksberg, Adele Goldberg, Catrinel Haught, Max Lotstein, Marco Ragni, and Greg Trafton for helpful criticisms. NR 127 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5161 J9 FRONT HUM NEUROSCI JI Front. Hum. Neurosci. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 8 AR 849 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00849 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA AR7HJ UT WOS:000343749700002 PM 25389398 ER PT J AU Yu, KG Rizos, C Burrage, D Dempster, AG Zhang, KF Markgraf, M AF Yu, Kegen Rizos, Chris Burrage, Derek Dempster, Andrew G. Zhang, Kefei Markgraf, Markus TI GNSS remote sensing SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material ID GPS; SIGNAL C1 [Yu, Kegen] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Rizos, Chris] UNSW, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Burrage, Derek] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dempster, Andrew G.] UNSW, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Zhang, Kefei] RMIT Univ, SPACE Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Markgraf, Markus] German Space Operat Ctr DLR, Sect Space Flight Technol, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Yu, KG (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM kgyu@sgg.whu.edu.cn NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2014 AR 158 DI 10.1186/1687-6180-2014-158 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AT0DU UT WOS:000344608200001 ER PT J AU Aquino, TL Brice, GT Hayes, S Myers, CA McDowell, J White, B Garten, R Johnston, D AF Aquino, Theodore L. Brice, Gary T. Hayes, Sherry Myers, Christopher A. McDowell, Jaqueline White, Brenda Garten, Rebecca Johnston, Daniel TI Influenza Outbreak in a Vaccinated Population - USS Ardent, February 2014 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID NAVY SHIP; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS C1 [Aquino, Theodore L.] US Navy, Mine Counter Measures Squadron 3, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Brice, Gary T.; Myers, Christopher A.; White, Brenda] US Navy, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Arlington, VA USA. [Hayes, Sherry; McDowell, Jaqueline] US Navy, Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, Arlington, VA USA. [Garten, Rebecca] CDC, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Johnston, Daniel] USS Ardent, Independent Duty Corpsman, San Diego, CA USA. RP Aquino, TL (reprint author), US Navy, Mine Counter Measures Squadron 3, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM taquino@health.usf.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION PI ATLANTA PA MAILSTOP E-90, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 EI 1545-861X J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD OCT 24 PY 2014 VL 63 IS 42 BP 947 EP 949 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7ZL UT WOS:000343795400003 PM 25340911 ER PT J AU Hong, SK Mendez, VM Koch, T Wall, WS Anlage, SM AF Hong, Sun K. Mendez, Victor M. Koch, Trystan Wall, Walter S. Anlage, Steven M. TI Nonlinear Electromagnetic Time Reversal in an Open Semireverberant System SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; PHASE-CONJUGATION; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; MIRROR; WAVES; PULSE AB We consider nonlinear electromagnetic time reversal (TR) applied to a semireverberant complex enclosure containing a discrete passive nonlinear circuit. Unlike closed reverberant systems used for the previous demonstrations of nonlinear electromagnetic TR, the experimental system used here better represents realistic environments that are often far more lossy. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of pulse inversion to extract nonlinear responses for electromagnetic time reversal, which could help overcome potential practical-implementation issues. Concentrating on the application of this technique as an efficient power-delivery method, we evaluate the peak power enhancement resulting from TR focusing at the location of the nonlinear circuit. C1 [Hong, Sun K.; Mendez, Victor M.; Wall, Walter S.] Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Koch, Trystan; Anlage, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Koch, Trystan] Envisioneering Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Hong, SK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sun.hong@nrl.navy.mil RI Hong, Sun/E-9597-2014 OI Hong, Sun/0000-0003-4417-8727 FU DARPA; ONR [N00014130474]; Maryland Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials FX This work is sponsored in part by DARPA (approved for public release, distribution unlimited). The work at UMD is also supported in part by the ONR Grant No. N00014130474 and the Maryland Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. The authors thank Dr. Tim Andreadis, Mr. Jerry Kim, and Bo Xiao, as well as UMD Gemstone Team TESLA, for their comments and feedback. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 2 IS 4 AR 044013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.044013 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5YN UT WOS:000344342500003 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Hellum, AM AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Hellum, Aren M. TI Modeling how shark and dolphin skin patterns control transitional wall-turbulence vorticity patterns using spatiotemporal phase reset mechanisms SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PARALLEL FLOWS; PLANE POISEUILLE FLOW; NON-LINEAR MECHANICS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WAVE DISTURBANCES; VISCOUS SUBLAYER; DRAG REDUCTION; SHEAR FLOWS; DYNAMICS AB Many slow-moving biological systems like seashells and zebrafish that do not contend with wall turbulence have somewhat organized pigmentation patterns flush with their outer surfaces that are formed by underlying autonomous reaction-diffusion (RD) mechanisms. In contrast, sharks and dolphins contend with wall turbulence, are fast swimmers, and have more organized skin patterns that are proud and sometimes vibrate. A nonlinear spatiotemporal analytical model is not available that explains the mechanism underlying control of flow with such proud patterns, despite the fact that shark and dolphin skins are major targets of reverse engineering mechanisms of drag and noise reduction. Comparable to RD, a minimal self-regulation model is given for wall turbulence regeneration in the transitional regime-laterally coupled, diffusively-which, although restricted to pre-breakdown durations and to a plane close and parallel to the wall, correctly reproduces many experimentally observed spatiotemporal organizations of vorticity in both laminar-to-turbulence transitioning and very low Reynolds number but turbulent regions. We further show that the onset of vorticity disorganization is delayed if the skin organization is treated as a spatiotemporal template of olivo-cerebellar phase reset mechanism. The model shows that the adaptation mechanisms of sharks and dolphins to their fluid environment have much in common. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Hellum, Aren M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM promode.bandyopadhya@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research, Biology-Inspired Autonomous Systems Program [ONR 341]; ASEE-ONR Postdoctoral Fellowship FX Support of this research came from the Office of Naval Research, Biology-Inspired Autonomous Systems Program (ONR 341), to P. R. B. A. M. H. was supported by an ASEE-ONR Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6650 DI 10.1038/srep06650 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR4XK UT WOS:000343589200001 PM 25338940 ER PT J AU Claussen, JC Daniele, MA Geder, J Pruessner, M Makinen, AJ Melde, BJ Twigg, M Verbarg, JM Medintz, IL AF Claussen, Jonathan C. Daniele, Michael A. Geder, Jason Pruessner, Marius Maekinen, Antti J. Melde, Brian J. Twigg, Mark Verbarg, Jasenka M. Medintz, Igor L. TI Platinum-Paper Micromotors: An Urchin-like Nanohybrid Catalyst for Green Monopropellant Bubble-Thrusters SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nanowires; platinum; cellulose; propulsion; hydrogen peroxide; autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE DECOMPOSITION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PROPELLED MICROMOTORS; AUTONOMOUS MOVEMENT; METHANOL OXIDATION; COLLOIDAL PLATINUM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; NANOPARTICLES; NANOMOTORS; NANOWIRES AB Platinum nanourchins supported on microfibrilated cellulose films (MFC) were fabricated and evaluated as hydrogen peroxide catalysts for small-scale, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) propulsion systems. The catalytic substrate was synthesized through the reduction of chloroplatinic acid to create a thick film of Pt coral-like microstructures coated with Pt urchin-like nanowires that are arrayed in three dimensions on a two-dimensional MFC film. This organic/inorganic nanohybrid displays high catalytic ability (reduced activation energy of 50-63% over conventional materials and 13-19% for similar Pt nanoparticle-based structures) during hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition as well as sufficient propulsive thrust (>0.5 N) from reagent grade H2O2 (30% w/w) fuel within a small underwater reaction vessel. The results demonstrate that these layered nanohybrid sheets are robust and catalytically effective for green, H2O2-based micro-AUV propulsion where the storage and handling of highly explosive, toxic fuels are prohibitive due to size-requirements, cost limitations, and close person-to-machine contact. C1 [Claussen, Jonathan C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Daniele, Michael A.; Pruessner, Marius; Melde, Brian J.; Verbarg, Jasenka M.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Geder, Jason] US Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Maekinen, Antti J.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Twigg, Mark] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claussen, JC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2104 Black Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcclauss@iastate.edu OI Claussen, Jonathan/0000-0001-7065-1077 FU ONR; NRL; DTRA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from ONR, NRL, and DTRA. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD OCT 22 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 20 BP 17837 EP 17847 DI 10.1021/am504525e PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AR6HF UT WOS:000343684200061 PM 25215632 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Singer, IL Walton, SG AF Lock, E. H. Fernsler, R. F. Slinker, S. P. Singer, I. L. Walton, S. G. TI Global model for plasmas generated by electron beams in low-pressure nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma diagnostics; optical emission spectroscopy; electron beams ID CROSS-SECTIONS; FLUORESCENCE EFFICIENCIES; PROCESSING SYSTEM; GLOW-DISCHARGE; EXCITATION; ARGON; AIR; N2; DIAGNOSTICS; DEPOSITION AB A global model is presented to determine the densities of the major charged and neutral species generated by a thin, planar electron beam passing through low-pressure nitrogen. The creation rates are based on results provided by a Boltzmann code that includes contributions not only from the beam electrons but also from the energetic daughter electrons created by ionization. Optical emission spectrometry is used to help validate the rates, and measurements of the total ion density are used to help validate the charged-particle densities. A key conclusion of the study is that electron-beam-generated plasmas differ strongly in character and composition, and thus in capabilities, from plasmas generated by the electrical discharges now widely used in material processing. C1 [Lock, E. H.; Fernsler, R. F.; Slinker, S. P.; Singer, I. L.; Walton, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM evgeniya.lock@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Programme FX The work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Programme. E H Lock acknowledges G Petrov and Tz Petrova for many useful discussions. E H Lock acknowledges J Weaver, M Wolford and J Oh for the tungsten calibration lamp. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 42 AR 425206 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/42/425206 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ9EM UT WOS:000343150100015 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Janssens, RVF Frauendorf, S Sarantites, DG Carpenter, MP Chen, X Chiara, CJ Hartley, DJ Hauschild, K Lauritsen, T Lopez-Martens, A Montero, M Pechenaya, OL Seweryniak, D Snyder, JB Zhu, S AF Reviol, W. Janssens, R. V. F. Frauendorf, S. Sarantites, D. G. Carpenter, M. P. Chen, X. Chiara, C. J. Hartley, D. J. Hauschild, K. Lauritsen, T. Lopez-Martens, A. Montero, M. Pechenaya, O. L. Seweryniak, D. Snyder, J. B. Zhu, S. TI Characterization of octupole-type structures in Th-221 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN; CONTRASTING BEHAVIOR; TIDAL WAVES; NUCLEI; DEFORMATION; GAMMASPHERE; ISOTOPES; SHAPES; STATES; BANDS AB A detailed level scheme for Th-221 has been established in an experiment using the O-18 + Pb-207 reaction at 96 MeV. The evaporation residues from this fissile system were selected with the HERCULES detector array and residue-gated gamma rays were measured with Gammasphere. Three band structures of interlinked, alternating-parity levels are observed, two of which are non-yrast. In addition, several high-lying excitations are found. The yrast band is seen up to spin-parity 37/2(-) and 39/2(+), beyond which a high-spin feeding transition is observed. The non-yrast sequences are interpreted as parity-doublet structures, based on a configuration similar to that of the yrast band in Th-223 (K = 5/2). The key properties of even-odd nuclei in this mass region [B(E1)/B(E2) and B(M1)/B(E2) ratios, spin alignments, parity splittings] are reviewed. C1 [Reviol, W.; Sarantites, D. G.; Chen, X.; Montero, M.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frauendorf, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hauschild, K.; Lopez-Martens, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Pechenaya, O. L.; Snyder, J. B.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-88ER-40406, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-95ER40934, DE-FG02-94ER40834]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0854815] FX The authors thank J. Elson (WU) and J. Rohrer (ANL) for technical support and J. P. Greene (ANL) for the preparation of the targets. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, Contracts No. DE-FG02-88ER-40406, No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, No. DE-FG02-95ER40934, and No. DE-FG02-94ER40834, and by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. PHY-0854815. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 044318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.044318 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AS1FK UT WOS:000344025000003 ER PT J AU Emery, JD Wheeler, VH Johns, JE McBriarty, ME Detlefs, B Hersam, MC Gaskill, DK Bedzyk, MJ AF Emery, Jonathan D. Wheeler, Virginia H. Johns, James E. McBriarty, Martin E. Detlefs, Blanka Hersam, Mark C. Gaskill, D. Kurt Bedzyk, Michael J. TI Structural consequences of hydrogen intercalation of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; TRANSISTORS; CONFINEMENT; PERFORMANCE; BARRIER; AREA AB The intercalation of various atomic species, such as hydrogen, to the interface between epitaxial graphene (EG) and its SiC substrate is known to significantly influence the electronic properties of the graphene overlayers. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray reflectivity to investigate the structural consequences of the hydrogen intercalation process used in the formation of quasi-free-standing (QFS) EG/SiC(0001). We confirm that the interfacial layer is converted to a layer structurally indistinguishable from that of the overlying graphene layers. This newly formed graphene layer becomes decoupled from the SiC substrate and, along with the other graphene layers within the film, is vertically displaced by similar to 2.1 angstrom. The number of total carbon layers is conserved during the process, and we observe no other structural changes such as interlayer intercalation or expansion of the graphene d-spacing. These results clarify the under-determined structure of hydrogen intercalated QFS-EG/SiC(0001) and provide a precise model to inform further fundamental and practical understanding of the system. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Emery, Jonathan D.; Johns, James E.; McBriarty, Martin E.; Hersam, Mark C.; Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wheeler, Virginia H.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Detlefs, Blanka] ESRF, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Emery, JD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jdemery@anl.gov; bedzyk@northwestern.edu RI Detlefs, Blanka/C-9249-2009; Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; OI McBriarty, Martin/0000-0002-7802-3267 FU MRSEC (NSF) [DMR-1121262]; Office of Naval Research; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0824162]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16109]; W. M. Keck Foundation Science and Engineering Grant FX We acknowledge support from MRSEC (NSF Grant No. DMR-1121262) and support from the Office of Naval Research. We acknowledge use of ID32 at the ESRF, as well as 5-ID-C and 6-ID-B at the APS, a DOE facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This material is partially based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0824162. We acknowledge Sang-Soo Lee and Paul Fenter (ANL), as well as Jorg Zegenhagen (ESRF) for valuable discussions concerning this work. J.E.J. and M.C.H. acknowledge the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16109) and a W. M. Keck Foundation Science and Engineering Grant. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 16 AR 161602 DI 10.1063/1.4899142 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS6GS UT WOS:000344363000015 ER PT J AU Greve, TR Leonidaki, I Xilouris, EM Weiss, A Zhang, ZY van der Werf, P Aalto, S Armus, L Diaz-Santos, T Evans, AS Fischer, J Gao, Y Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Harris, A Henkel, C Meijerink, R Naylor, DA Smith, HA Spaans, M Stacey, GJ Veilleux, S Walter, F AF Greve, T. R. Leonidaki, I. Xilouris, E. M. Weiss, A. Zhang, Z. -Y. van der Werf, P. Aalto, S. Armus, L. Diaz-Santos, T. Evans, A. S. Fischer, J. Gao, Y. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Harris, A. Henkel, C. Meijerink, R. Naylor, D. A. Smith, H. A. Spaans, M. Stacey, G. J. Veilleux, S. Walter, F. TI STAR FORMATION RELATIONS AND CO SPECTRAL LINE ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS ACROSS THE J-LADDER AND REDSHIFT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; ISM: molecules ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; HERSCHEL-SPIRE SPECTROSCOPY; FREE-FREE EMISSION; FORMING GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; NEARBY GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXY; FORMATION LAW AB We present FIR [50-300 mu m]-CO luminosity relations (i.e., log L-FIR = alpha log L'(CO) + beta) for the full CO rotational ladder from J = 1-0 up to J = 13-12 for a sample of 62 local (z <= 0.1) (Ultra) Luminous InfraredGalaxies (LIRGs; LIR[8-1000 mu m] > 10(11) L-circle dot) using data from Herschel SPIRE-FTS and ground-based telescopes. We extend our sample to high redshifts (z > 1) by including 35 submillimeter selected dusty star forming galaxies from the literature with robust CO observations, and sufficiently well-sampled FIR/submillimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs), so that accurate FIR luminosities can be determined. The addition of luminous starbursts at high redshifts enlarge the range of the FIR-CO luminosity relations toward the high-IR-luminosity end, while also significantly increasing the small amount of mid-J/high-J CO line data (J = 5-4 and higher) that was available prior to Herschel. This new data set (both in terms of IR luminosity and J-ladder) reveals linear FIR-CO luminosity relations (i.e., a similar or equal to 1) for J = 1-0 up to J = 5-4, with a nearly constant normalization (beta similar to 2). In the simplest physical scenario, this is expected from the (also) linear FIR-(molecular line) relations recently found for the dense gas tracer lines (HCN and CS), as long as the dense gas mass fraction does not vary strongly within our (merger/starburst)-dominated sample. However, from J = 6-5 and up to the J = 13-12 transition, we find an increasingly sublinear slope and higher normalization constant with increasing J. We argue that these are caused by a warm (similar to 100 K) and dense (>10(4) cm(-3)) gas component whose thermal state is unlikely to be maintained by star-formation-powered far-UV radiation fields (and thus is no longer directly tied to the star formation rate). We suggest that mechanical heating (e.g., supernova-driven turbulence and shocks), and not cosmic rays, is the more likely source of energy for this component. The global CO spectral line energy distributions, which remain highly excited from J = 6-5 up to J = 13-12, are found to be a generic feature of the (U)LIRGs in our sample, and further support the presence of this gas component. C1 [Greve, T. R.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Leonidaki, I.; Xilouris, E. M.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, GR-15236 Penteli, Greece. [Weiss, A.; Henkel, C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Zhang, Z. -Y.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Zhang, Z. -Y.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [van der Werf, P.; Meijerink, R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Observ, S-43994 Onsala, Sweden. [Armus, L.; Diaz-Santos, T.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Evans, A. S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Evans, A. S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Fischer, J.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fs, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Harris, A.; Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Henkel, C.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Astron, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Naylor, D. A.] Univ Lethbridge, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Spaans, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Stacey, G. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 1485 USA. [Walter, F.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-691117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Greve, TR (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM t.greve@ucl.ac.uk RI Xilouris, Emmanuel/K-9459-2013; LEONIDAKI, IOANNA/K-4351-2013; OI Zhang, Zhiyu/0000-0002-7299-2876 FU "DeMoGas" project; European Social Fund (ESF); STEC Advanced Fellowship; Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellowship for Young International Scientists [2012y1ja0006]; European Research Council (ERC); Office of Naval Research; NHSC/JPL FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support under the "DeMoGas" project. The project DeMoGas is implemented under the "ARISTELV Action of the "Operational Programme Education and Lifelong Learning." The project is co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) and National Resources. T.R.G. acknowledges support from an STEC Advanced Fellowship. T.R.G. was also supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellowship for Young International Scientists (grant no. 2012y1ja0006). Z.Y.Z. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) in the form of Advanced Grant,COSMICISM. We are indebted to P. P. Papadopoulos for extensive discussions and comments on the paper (He ho'okele wa'a no ka la 'ino). Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by the Office of Naval Research. J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC/JPL. The research presented here has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous referee for a useful and constructive referee report that helped improve the paper. NR 133 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 794 IS 2 AR 142 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/142 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ8OF UT WOS:000343085800046 ER PT J AU Stawarz, L Szostek, A Cheung, CC Siemiginowska, A Koziel-Wierzbowska, D Werner, N Simionescu, A Madejski, G Begelman, MC Harris, DE Ostrowski, M Hagino, K AF Stawarz, L. Szostek, A. Cheung, C. C. Siemiginowska, A. Koziel-Wierzbowska, D. Werner, N. Simionescu, A. Madejski, G. Begelman, M. C. Harris, D. E. Ostrowski, M. Hagino, K. TI ON THE INTERACTION OF THE PKS B1358-113 RADIO GALAXY WITH THE A1836 CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (PKS B1358-114); galaxies: jets; intergalactic medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; LARGE-SCALE SHOCK; X-RAY-EMISSION; INVERSE-COMPTON EMISSION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; CENTIMETER VLA SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LESS-THAN 0.3; XMM-NEWTON AB Here we present the analysis of multifrequency data gathered for the Fanaroff-Riley type-II (FR II) radio galaxy PKS B1358-113, hosted in the brightest cluster galaxy in the center of A1836. The galaxy harbors one of the most massive black holes known to date, and our analysis of the acquired optical data reveals that this black hole is only weakly active, with a mass accretion rate (M) over dot(acc) similar to 2 x 10(-4) (M) over dot(Edd) similar to 0.02 M-circle dot yr(-1). Based on analysis of new Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations and archival radio data, and assuming the well-established model for the evolution of FR II radio galaxies, we derive the preferred range for the jet kinetic luminosity L-j similar to (1-6) x 10(-3) L-Edd similar to (0.5-3) x 10(45) erg s(-1). This is above the values implied by various scaling relations proposed for radio sources in galaxy clusters, being instead very close to the maximum jet power allowed for the given accretion rate. We also constrain the radio source lifetime as tau(j) similar to 40-70 Myr, meaning the total amount of deposited jet energy E-tot similar to (2-8) x 10(60) erg. We argue that approximately half of this energy goes into shock heating of the surrounding thermal gas, and the remaining 50% is deposited into the internal energy of the jet cavity. The detailed analysis of the X-ray data provides indication for the presence of a bow shock driven by the expanding radio lobes into the A1836 cluster environment. We derive the corresponding shock Mach number in the range M-sh similar to 2-4, which is one of the highest claimed for clusters or groups of galaxies. This, together with the recently growing evidence that powerful FR II radio galaxies may not be uncommon in the centers of clusters at higher redshifts, supports the idea that jet-induced shock heating may indeed play an important role in shaping the properties of clusters, galaxy groups, and galaxies in formation. In this context, we speculate on a possible bias against detecting stronger jet-driven shocks in poorer environments, resulting from inefficient electron heating at the shock front, combined with a relatively long electron-ion temperature equilibration timescale. C1 [Stawarz, L.; Simionescu, A.; Hagino, K.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Szostek, A.; Koziel-Wierzbowska, D.; Ostrowski, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Szostek, A.; Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Szostek, A.; Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siemiginowska, A.; Harris, D. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM stawarz@astro.isas.jaxa.jp OI , kouichi/0000-0003-4235-5304 FU Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; Chandra grant [GO0-11144X]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y, NAS8-03060] FX L.S. and M.O. were supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. A.Sz. and G.M. were supported by Chandra grant GO0-11144X. Work by C.C.C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. Support for A.S. was provided by NASA contract NAS8-03060. The authors thank the anonymous referee for critical reading of the submitted manuscript and constructive comments which helped to improve the paper. NR 177 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 794 IS 2 AR 164 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/164 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ8OF UT WOS:000343085800068 ER PT J AU Glasbrenner, JK Bussmann, KM Mazin, II AF Glasbrenner, J. K. Bussmann, K. M. Mazin, I. I. TI Magnetic spiral induced by strong correlations in MnAu2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY RARE-EARTHS; SPIN-DENSITY WAVE; PAR DIFFRACTION; MN1-XCRXAU2; NEUTRONS; DYNAMICS; METALS; ENERGY; ETUDE; MNSI AB The compound MnAu2 is one of the oldest known spin-spiral materials, yet the nature of the spiral state is still not clear. The spiral cannot be explained via relativistic effects due to the short pitch of the spiral and the weakness of the spin-orbit interaction in Mn, and another common mechanism, nesting, is ruled out as direct calculations show no features at the relevant wave vector. We propose that the spiral state is induced by a competition between the short-range antiferromagnetic exchange and a long-range interaction induced by the polarization of Au bands, similar to double exchange. We find that, contrary to earlier reports, the ground state in standard density functional theory is ferromagnetic, i.e., the latter interaction dominates. However, an accounting for Coulomb correlations via a Hubbard U suppresses the Schrieffer-Wolff-type s-d magnetic interaction between Mn and Au faster than the superexchange interaction, favoring a spin-spiral state. For realistic values of U, the resulting spiral wave vector is in close agreement with experiment. C1 [Glasbrenner, J. K.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, K. M.; Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glasbrenner, JK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Glasbrenner, James/K-5614-2015 OI Glasbrenner, James/0000-0003-2198-2309 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; NRC program at NRL FX We are very grateful to Kay Dewhurst for his invaluable help and advice in setting up and performing spiral calculations in ELK. I.I.M. acknowledges funding from the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. J.K.G. acknowledges the support of the NRC program at NRL. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 14 AR 144421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.144421 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AS1AI UT WOS:000344008100002 ER PT J AU Wood, WT Martin, KM Jung, W Sample, J AF Wood, Warren T. Martin, Kylara M. Jung, Wooyeol Sample, John TI Seismic reflectivity effects from seasonal seafloor temperature variation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS; BAY; VARIABILITY; MEDIA; DEPTH AB The effects of seasonal temperature variation on sound speed contrasts at the seafloor are usually considered negligible in the analysis of seismic data but may be significant at large incidence angles (offsets) important for inversion of sediment elastic properties, or long-range acoustic transmission. In coastal areas, the maximum annual seafloor temperature variation can be several degrees Celsius or more, corresponding to a sound speed variation of 30 m/s or more. Thermal pulses propagate via conduction several meters into the seafloor resulting in a damped quasi-sinusoidal temperature profile with predictable wave number characteristics. The oscillating seasonal and spatial character of this signal creates a time-and frequency-dependent effect on the elastic seafloor reflectivity. Results of numerical simulations show that the expected temperature profile for most sediment types and porosities will have the strongest affect on frequencies between about 60 and 600 Hz, at incidence angles greater than about 50 degrees. C1 [Wood, Warren T.; Sample, John] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Martin, Kylara M.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Jung, Wooyeol] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM warren.wood@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Martin, Kylara/0000-0002-4236-908X FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. Data and models used are available from the references cited. The authors thank Patrick Hart and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive input. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6826 EP 6832 DI 10.1002/2014GL061383 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800038 ER PT J AU Chomiuk, L Linford, JD Yang, J O'Brien, TJ Paragi, Z Mioduszewski, AJ Beswick, RJ Cheung, CC Mukai, K Nelson, T Ribeiro, VARM Rupen, MP Sokoloski, JL Weston, J Zheng, Y Bode, MF Eyres, S Roy, N Taylor, GB AF Chomiuk, Laura Linford, Justin D. Yang, Jun O'Brien, T. J. Paragi, Zsolt Mioduszewski, Amy J. Beswick, R. J. Cheung, C. C. Mukai, Koji Nelson, Thomas Ribeiro, Valerio A. R. M. Rupen, Michael P. Sokoloski, J. L. Weston, Jennifer Zheng, Yong Bode, Michael F. Eyres, Stewart Roy, Nirupam Taylor, Gregory B. TI Binary orbits as the driver of gamma-ray emission and mass ejection in classical novae SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COMMON ENVELOPE PHASE; MERLIN OBSERVATIONS; MONOCEROTIS 2012; EVOLUTION; OUTBURST; RADIO; REMNANTS; MODELS; CYGNI; WINDS AB Classical novae are the most common astrophysical thermonuclear explosions, occurring on the surfaces of white dwarf stars accreting gas from companions in binary star systems(1). Novae typically expel about 10(-4) solar masses of material at velocities exceeding 1,000 kilometres per second. However, the mechanism of mass ejection in novae is poorly understood, and could be dominated by the impulsive flash of thermonuclear energy(2), prolonged optically thick winds(3) or binary interaction with the nova envelope(4). Classical novae are now routinely detected at gigaelectronvolt gamma-ray wavelengths(5), suggesting that relativistic particles are accelerated by strong shocks in the ejecta. Here we report high-resolution radio imaging of the gamma-ray-emitting nova V959 Mon. We find that its ejecta were shaped by the motion of the binary system: some gas was expelled rapidly along the poles as a wind from the white dwarf, while denser material drifted out along the equatorial plane, propelled by orbital motion(6,7). At the interface between the equatorial and polar regions, we observe synchrotron emission indicative of shocks and relativistic particle acceleration, thereby pinpointing the location of gamma-ray production. Binary shaping of the nova ejecta and associated internal shocks are expected to be widespread among novae(8), explaining why many novae are gamma-ray emitters(5). C1 [Chomiuk, Laura; Linford, Justin D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yang, Jun] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Yang, Jun; Paragi, Zsolt] Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Yang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [O'Brien, T. J.; Beswick, R. J.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Mioduszewski, Amy J.; Rupen, Michael P.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mukai, Koji] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Sch Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, Koji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nelson, Thomas] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ribeiro, Valerio A. R. M.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, Astrophys Cosmol & Grav Ctr, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Rupen, Michael P.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada. [Sokoloski, J. L.; Weston, Jennifer; Zheng, Yong] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bode, Michael F.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England. [Eyres, Stewart] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Math Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Roy, Nirupam] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Taylor, Gregory B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Chomiuk, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chomiuk@pa.msu.edu FU European Commission [283393, RI-261525]; Moore Foundation; Norris Foundation; McDonnell Foundation; Associates of the California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago; state of California; state of Illinois; state of Maryland; NSF; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y, 10-FERMI10-C4-0060, NNX13AO91G]; NSF [AST-1211778]; South African SKA Project; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The EVN is a joint facility of European, Chinese, South African and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their respective national research councils. The EVN and e-VLBI research infrastructures were supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreements nos 283393 (RadioNet3) and RI-261525 (NEXPReS). e-MERLIN is operated by The University of Manchester at Jodrell Bank Observatory on behalf of the Science and Technology Facilities Council. The SMA is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Support for CARMA construction came from the Moore Foundation, the Norris Foundation, the McDonnell Foundation, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, the states of California, Illinois and Maryland, and the NSF. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the NSF and by the CARMA partner universities. L.C. is a Jansky Fellow of the NRAO. This research received funding from NASA programmes DPR S-15633-Y and 10-FERMI10-C4-0060 (C.C.C.), NASA award NNX13AO91G (T.N.), NSF award AST-1211778 (J.L.S. and J.W.), the South African SKA Project (V.A.R.M.R.) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (N.R.). NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 514 IS 7522 BP 339 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13773 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ7JH UT WOS:000342988600045 PM 25296250 ER PT J AU Frigo, NJ Urick, VJ Bucholtz, F AF Frigo, Nicholas J. Urick, Vincent J. Bucholtz, Frank TI Simple Linear Space Formalism for Polarization-Dependent Interferometers: Theory and Application to Phase-Modulated Photonic Links SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave photonics; optical polarization ID COUPLERS AB We outline a formalism for modeling interferometers, such as asymmetric Mach-Zehender interferometers used in both microwave photonic links and modern transmission systems. The formalism permits modeling elements with birefringence and polarization-dependent loss. By introducing a coordinate transformation between the standard "waveguide" view (coupled polarizations and independent waveguides) and the "coupler" view (coupled waveguides with independent polarizations), we reduce modeling to a concatenation of block diagonal operators and coordinate transformations. This connects to, and generalizes, an earlier approach. We illustrate the formalism by calculating the phase shift in a birefringent interferometer suffering differential normal mode losses in the couplers. Such phase shifts can be a significant source of even-order distortion in phase-modulated links employing an interferometer-based receiver. C1 [Frigo, Nicholas J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Urick, Vincent J.; Bucholtz, Frank] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frigo, NJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM frigo@usna.edu; vincent.urick@nrl.navy.mil; frank.bucholtz@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 20 SI SI BP 3668 EP 3675 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2336173 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AX1JH UT WOS:000346703000037 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Marks, BS Menyuk, CR Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Hu, Yue Marks, Brian S. Menyuk, Curtis R. Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. TI Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2D simulation; impact ionization; nonlinearity; p-i-n photodetector ID PHOTODIODE NONLINEARITIES; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; HIGH ILLUMINATION; ABSORPTION; SIMULATION; FIELD AB Nonlinearity in p-i-n photodetectors leads to power generation at harmonics of the input frequency, limiting the performance of RF-photonic systems. We use one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations of the drift-diffusion equations to determine the physical origin of the saturation in a simple heterojunction p-i-n photodetector at room temperature. Incomplete ionization, external loading, impact ionization, and the Franz-Keldysh effect are all included in the model. Impact ionization is the main source of nonlinearity at large reverse bias (>10 V in the device that we simulated). The electron and hole current contributions to the second harmonic power were calculated. We find that impact ionization has a greater effect on the electrons than it does on the holes. We also find that the hole velocity saturates slowly with increasing reverse bias, and the hole current makes a large contribution to the harmonic power at 10 V. This result implies that decreasing the hole injection will decrease the harmonic power. C1 [Hu, Yue; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Marks, Brian S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM yuehu1@umbc.edu; marks@umbc.edu; menyuk@umbc.edu; vincent.urick@nrl.navy.mil; keith.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank J. Diehl and M. Hutchinson for useful discussions. Work at UMBC was partially supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. The 2D simulations were carried out at UMBC's high performance computing facility. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 20 SI SI BP 3710 EP 3720 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2315740 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AX1JH UT WOS:000346703000043 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, MN Singley, JM Urick, VJ Harmon, SR McKinney, JD Frigo, NJ AF Hutchinson, Meredith N. Singley, Joseph M. Urick, Vincent J. Harmon, Sharon R. McKinney, Jason D. Frigo, Nicholas J. TI Mitigation of Photodiode Induced Even-Order Distortion in Photonic Links With Predistortion Modulation SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distortion; microwave photonics; phase modulation; photodiode distortion; polarization modulation ID SUPPRESSION; PHASE AB A new class of predistortion techniques for suppressing photodiode generated even-order distortion is presented. Modulation induced distortions can be generated to cancel the photodiode even-order contributions. This method is described conceptually, theoretically, and experimentally in a generalized fashion to include intensity-, phase-, and polarization-modulation implementations. Measured suppression of photodiode second-order distortion upwards of 34 dB is demonstrated with frequencies ranging from 1 to 35 GHz. C1 [Hutchinson, Meredith N.; Singley, Joseph M.; Urick, Vincent J.; McKinney, Jason D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harmon, Sharon R.] Sotera Def Solut, Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Frigo, Nicholas J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hutchinson, MN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meredith.hutchinson@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.singley@nrl.navy.mil; vin-cent.urick@nrl.navy.mil; sharon.harmon.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil; frigo@usna.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 20 SI SI BP 3885 EP 3892 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2321481 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AX1JH UT WOS:000346703000065 ER PT J AU Chun, C Neta, B AF Chun, Changbum Neta, Beny TI An analysis of a new family of eighth-order optimal methods SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Newton's method; Iterative methods; Nonlinear equations; Order of convergence; Extraneous fixed points; Basin of attraction ID NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; MULTIPLE ROOTS; ORDER METHODS; ATTRACTION; BASINS AB A new family of eighth order optimal methods is developed and analyzed. Numerical experiments show that our family of methods perform well and in many cases some members are superior to other eighth order optimal methods. It is shown how to choose the parameters to widen the basin of attraction. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cbchun@skku.edu; bneta@nps.edu FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2005012] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2005012). NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 245 BP 86 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2014.07.068 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AR5GU UT WOS:000343613900008 ER PT J AU Patterson, BR Rowenhorst, DJ Tikare, V DeHoff, RT Kaub, TM AF Patterson, Burton R. Rowenhorst, David J. Tikare, Veena DeHoff, R. T. Kaub, Tyler M. TI Affinities for topological arrangements in grain structures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE 3-D characterization; Grain growth; Monte Carlo simulation; Titanium alloys; Topology ID ABOAV-WEAIRE LAW; COLD WORK; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; TITANIUM; ALUMINUM; NETWORK; LEWIS; SIZE AB Boundaries between neighboring grains with different numbers of faces exhibit a wide range of tendencies to occur in a structure, from high preference to high avoidance. These tendencies are described here in terms their contact affinity, which describes the extent to which an i-j faced grain pair actually occurs in the structure relative to that expected from statistically random contact. An affinity of unity indicates random occurrence and values above or below unity indicate the corresponding factor above or below random with which a particular pairing occurs. Grain contact affinities determined for both 3-D Monte Carlo grain growth simulations and experimental serial sectioned grains show similar trends of high affinity for contact between few- and many-faced grains, avoidance of contact between grains in similar face classes, and random contact between grains of intermediate face classes and all other classes. Contact affinities have been modeled in terms of the relative face curvatures, with high curvatures of opposite sign exhibiting the highest contact affinities, like signs the lowest, and relatively flat-faced grains showing near-random contact with all other classes. The measure of affinity is thus interpreted as the degree of stability or instability of boundaries against rapid face loss from topological events. The affinity approach overcomes a significant bias of the Aboav-Weaire analysis, which describes the average neighbors of face classes but is insensitive to the actual preference or avoidance for boundaries with other classes. The contact affinity term quantifies these tendencies. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patterson, Burton R.; DeHoff, R. T.; Kaub, Tyler M.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rowenhorst, David J.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tikare, Veena] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Patterson, BR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM patters@mse.ufl.edu FU NSF [DMR-1035188]; ONR Alloy and Joining Program under W. Mullins Laboratory; ONR Alloy and Joining Program under Sandia National Laboratory, a multiprogram laboratory; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSF Grant No. DMR-1035188, the ONR Alloy and Joining Program under W. Mullins, and Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 79 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.020 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AQ3UG UT WOS:000342718400039 ER PT J AU Hemmer, JR Smith, PD van Horn, M Alnemrat, S Mason, BP de Alaniz, JR Osswald, S Hooper, JP AF Hemmer, James R. Smith, Patrick D. van Horn, Matt Alnemrat, Sufian Mason, Brian P. de Alaniz, Javier Read Osswald, Sebastian Hooper, Joseph P. TI High Strain-Rate Response of Spiropyran Mechanophores in PMMA SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE compression; dyes/pigments; failure; fluorescence; impact resistance; mechanical properties; sensors ID POLYMER MECHANOCHEMISTRY; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; FORCE; ACTIVATION; STRESS; COPOLYMERS AB We report the high strain-rate response of a spiropyran (SP) mechanophore in poly(methylmethacrylate). Previous work on this system has demonstrated a reversible bond scission in the SP under local tensile force, converting it to a fluorescent merocyanine form. A Hopkinson bar was used to apply fast compressive loads at rates from 10(2) to 10(4) s(-1), resulting in significant activation of the SP near fracture surfaces. However, comparison with a similar thermochromic SP reveals that much of the observed activation likely arises from thermal effects during high-rate fracture. These results show the importance of a thermally active control system in distinguishing mechanochromic response during high-rate loading. Microscale fluorescence mapping of the fracture surfaces using a confocal Raman microspectrometer suggests that some distinct mechanical activation may be occurring in craze-like regions during fibril rupture. The thermal response of the SP is useful in its own right for characterizing plastic heating regions during dynamic fracture. Published 2014. C1 [Hemmer, James R.; de Alaniz, Javier Read] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Smith, Patrick D.; van Horn, Matt; Alnemrat, Sufian; Osswald, Sebastian; Hooper, Joseph P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mason, Brian P.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Hooper, JP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Way, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphooper@nps.edu RI alnemrat, sufian/J-4511-2015 OI alnemrat, sufian/0000-0002-5143-4066 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Basic Sciences program [HDTRA139181] FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Basic Sciences program under grant number HDTRA139181 and managed by Su Peiris. The authors would like to thank Joel Carney, Nancy Haegel, and Markanthony Rivera for useful discussions. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 52 IS 20 BP 1347 EP 1356 DI 10.1002/polb.23569 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AQ4CH UT WOS:000342739300004 ER PT J AU Podpirka, AA Twigg, ME Tischler, JG Magno, R Bennett, BR AF Podpirka, Adrian A. Twigg, Mark E. Tischler, Joseph G. Magno, Richard Bennett, Brian R. TI Step graded buffer for (110) InSb quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Crystal morphology; Surfaces; Antimonides; Molecular beans epitaxy; Semiconducting III-V materials ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; HYDROGEN-ASSISTED MBE; SPIN RELAXATION; GAAS(110); GAAS; MORPHOLOGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS; KINETICS; FILMS AB We report on a two step buffer layer preparation for the growth of InSb quantum wells on a (110) GaAs surface. At each buffer layer step, layer conditions were optimized to produce smooth surfaces compatible with InSb quantum wells. Through varying growth rate, group V/III flux ratio, substrate temperature, and the addition of in situ annealing, we are able to grow In0.85Al0.15Sb on a GaAs substrate with an RMS surface roughness of approximately 2 nm. Surface morphology and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were analyzed to understand the formation of threading dislocations, inclusions and dislocation filtering. This work presents an initial study for the growth of large lattice mismatched III-V materials on the (110) surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Podpirka, Adrian A.; Twigg, Mark E.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Magno, Richard; Bennett, Brian R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Podpirka, AA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM adrian.podpirka.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Office of Naval Research, United States FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research, United States. The authors thank Dr. Shawn Mack for comments and discussions. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 404 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.07.014 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA AO5VU UT WOS:000341414600021 ER PT J AU Kopera, MA Giraldo, FX AF Kopera, Michal A. Giraldo, Francis X. TI Analysis of adaptive mesh refinement for IMEX discontinuous Galerkin solutions of the compressible Euler equations with application to atmospheric simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive mesh refinement; Discontinuous Galerkin method; Non-conforming mesh; IMEX; Compressible Euler equations; Atmospheric simulations ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SPECTRAL-ELEMENT; GRID REFINEMENT; MODEL; FLOWS; FORMULATION; ACCURACY; PARALLEL; WEATHER AB The resolutions of interests in atmospheric simulations require prohibitively large computational resources. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) tries to mitigate this problem by putting high resolution in crucial areas of the domain. We investigate the performance of a tree-based AMR algorithm for the high order discontinuous Galerkin method on quadrilateral grids with non-conforming elements. We perform a detailed analysis of the cost of AMR by comparing this to uniform reference simulations of two standard atmospheric test cases: density current and rising thermal bubble. The analysis shows up to 15 times speed-up of the AMR simulations with the cost of mesh adaptation below 1% of the total runtime. We pay particular attention to the implicit-explicit (IMEX) time integration methods and show that the ARK2 method is more robust with respect to dynamically adapting meshes than BDF2. Preliminary analysis of preconditioning reveals that it can be an important factor in the AMR overhead. The compiler optimizations provide significant runtime reduction and positively affect the effectiveness of AMR allowing for speed-ups greater than it would follow from the simple performance model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kopera, Michal A.; Giraldo, Francis X.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kopera, MA (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM makopera@nps.edu; fxgirald@nps.edu OI Kopera, Michal/0000-0002-8192-8251 FU Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; National Science Foundation [121670]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N, the National Science Foundation ( Division of Mathematical Sciences) through program element 121670, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics Program. The authors are grateful to Andreas Muller and Simone Marras for constructive discussions that greatly contributed to this paper. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 275 BP 92 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.06.026 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AO4LG UT WOS:000341308900006 ER PT J AU Villalobos, G Bayya, S Kim, W Baker, C Sanghera, J Hunt, M Sadowski, B Miklos, F Aggarwal, I AF Villalobos, Guillermo Bayya, Shyam Kim, Woohong Baker, Colin Sanghera, Jas Hunt, Michael Sadowski, Bryan Miklos, Fritz Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Low absorption magnesium aluminate spinel windows for high energy laser applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSPARENT SPINEL AB High energy laser (HEL) systems are currently being evaluated for various land, sea, and air based platforms. Some of these systems operate in or have to withstand harsh environment of sand storm, hurricane, and rain. The exit aperture on a HEL system operating in harsh environment can become the single point of failure. Current HEL systems operating in 1-2 mu m wavelength use fused silica windows which are at risk of damage in the theater. Rugged window materials such as sapphire, ALON, and spinel are currently being evaluated as a potential replacement. One of the major parameters in window selection apart from its ruggedness is its absorption loss coefficient at laser wavelength. This paper reports on 3 different methods to reduce absorption loss in spinel ceramic from 100,000 ppm/cm down to 75 ppm/cm. The results are compared with ALON and sapphire. C1 [Villalobos, Guillermo; Bayya, Shyam; Kim, Woohong; Baker, Colin; Sanghera, Jas] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, Fritz; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Villalobos, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5620, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guillermo.villalobos@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 19 SI SI BP 2266 EP 2271 DI 10.1557/jmr.2014.184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AS8BR UT WOS:000344475900004 ER PT J AU Alnemrat, S Hooper, JP AF Alnemrat, Sufian Hooper, Joseph P. TI Ab initio metadynamics simulations of oxygen/ligand interactions in organoaluminum clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL ATOM CLUSTERS; ANION REACTIVITY; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CLOSED-SHELL; ALUMINUM; O-2; DISSOLUTION; OXIDATION; MODEL; AL AB Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics combined with a metadynamics algorithm is used to study the initial interaction of O-2 with the low-valence organoaluminum clusters Al4Cp4 (Cp=C5H5) and Al4Cp*(4) (Cp*=C-5[CH3](5)). Prior to reaction with the aluminum core, simulations suggest that the oxygen undergoes a hindered crossing of the steric barrier presented by the outer ligand monolayer. A combination of two collective variables based on aluminum/oxygen distance and lateral oxygen displacement was found to produce distinct reactant, product, and transition states for this process. In the methylated cluster with Cp* ligands, a broad transition state of 45 kJ/mol was observed due to direct steric interactions with the ligand groups and considerable oxygen reorientation. In the non-methylated cluster the ligands distort away from the oxidizer, resulting in a barrier of roughly 34 kJ/mol with minimal O-2 reorientation. A study of the oxygen/cluster system fixed in a triplet multiplicity suggests that the spin state does not affect the initial steric interaction with the ligands. The metadynamics approach appears to be a promising means of analyzing the initial steps of such oxidation reactions for ligand-protected clusters. C1 [Alnemrat, Sufian; Hooper, Joseph P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alnemrat, S (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphooper@nps.edu RI alnemrat, sufian/J-4511-2015 OI alnemrat, sufian/0000-0002-5143-4066 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001414WX00160]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Postgraduate School FX The authors would like to thank Dennis Mayo and Bryan Eichhorn for useful discussions. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N0001414WX00160 (program director Clifford Bedford). This research was performed while one of the authors (S. A.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Naval Postgraduate School. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 14 AR 144304 DI 10.1063/1.4897256 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AS0SK UT WOS:000343988500014 PM 25318719 ER PT J AU Basu, R Garvey, A AF Basu, Rajratan Garvey, Alfred TI Effects of ferroelectric nanoparticles on ion transport in a liquid crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BATIO3 NANOPARTICLES; TRANSIENT CURRENT; ELECTROOPTIC PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DISPLAYS; CELLS; GENERATION; CONDUCTION; DEVICES AB A small quantity of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles (FNPs) of 50 nm diameter was doped in a nematic liquid crystal (LC), and the free ion concentration was found to be significantly reduced in the LC+FNP hybrid compared to that of the pure LC. The strong electric fields, due to the permanent dipole moment of the FNPs, trapped some mobile ions, reducing the free ion concentration in the LC media. The reduction of free ions was found to have coherent impacts on the LC's conductivity, rotational viscosity, and electric field-induced nematic switching. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Basu, Rajratan; Garvey, Alfred] US Naval Acad, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM basu@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Division 312: Electronics, Sensors and Network Research [N0001414WX20791] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Division 312: Electronics, Sensors and Network Research; Award No. N0001414WX20791. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 15 AR 151905 DI 10.1063/1.4898581 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5ZK UT WOS:000344344700025 ER PT J AU Staruch, M Li, JF Wang, Y Viehland, D Finkel, P AF Staruch, M. Li, J. F. Wang, Y. Viehland, D. Finkel, P. TI Giant magnetoelectric effect in nonlinear Metglas/PIN-PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; MAGNETIZATION; SENSOR AB In this paper, we demonstrate high converse magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in a Metglas/Pb (In1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) laminated ME composite by exploiting stress and field induced reversible ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions in a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. The approach exploits large transformational strain induced by low applied electric field in a PIN-PMN-PT crystal that was mechanically stressed close to a rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase transformation. The ME coefficient was enhanced by an order of magnitude as compared to the linear piezoelectric regime, with a maximum value of 1.3 x 10(-7) s m(-1) in non-resonant mode. This phenomenon can thus be exploited to provide improvements in the development of ME devices and magnetic sensors. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Staruch, M.] CNR, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Li, J. F.; Wang, Y.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Finkel, P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.finkel@nrl.navy.mil RI Staruch, Margo/M-9260-2015; Wang, Yaojin/F-3748-2012 OI Staruch, Margo/0000-0003-3088-2553; Wang, Yaojin/0000-0003-2561-1855 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Research Council under Research Associateship Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). M. Staruch's work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported in part by the National Research Council under the Research Associateship Program. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 79 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 15 AR 152902 DI 10.1063/1.4898039 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5ZK UT WOS:000344344700053 ER PT J AU Glasbrenner, JK Zutic, I Mazin, II AF Glasbrenner, J. K. Zutic, I. Mazin, I. I. TI Theory of Mn-doped II-II-V semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETISM; PHYSICS; MODEL AB A recently discovered magnetic semiconductor Ba1-xKx(Zn1-yMny)(2)As-2, with its decoupled spin and charge doping, provides a unique opportunity to elucidate the microscopic origin of the magnetic interaction and ordering in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). We show that (i) the conventional density functional theory accurately describes this material, and (ii) the magnetic interaction emerges from the competition of the short-range superexchange and a longer-range interaction mediated by the itinerant As holes, coupled to Mn via the Schrieffer-Wolff p-d interaction representing an effective Hund's rule coupling J(H)(eff). The key difference between the classical double exchange and the actual interaction in DMSs is that an effective J(H)(eff), as opposed to the standard Hund's coupling J(H), depends on the Mn d-band position with respect to the Fermi level, and thus allows tuning of the magnetic interactions. The physically transparent description of this material may also be applicable in more complicated DMS systems. C1 [Glasbrenner, J. K.] CNR, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zutic, I.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, New York, NY 14260 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glasbrenner, JK (reprint author), CNR, Naval Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Glasbrenner, James/K-5614-2015 OI Glasbrenner, James/0000-0003-2198-2309 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; NRC program at NRL; DOE-BES [DE-SC0004890]; ONR [N000141310754] FX We are grateful to A. Petukhov, F. Ning, and C. Q. Jin for their useful discussions. I. I. M. acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. J.K.G. acknowledges the support of the NRC program at NRL. I.Z. was supported by DOE-BES Grant No. DE-SC0004890 (theory) and ONR Grant No. N000141310754 (applications). NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 14 AR 140403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.140403 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AR7PI UT WOS:000343771300003 ER PT J AU Aliev, AE Mayo, NK Baughman, RH Avirovik, D Priya, S Zarnetske, MR Blottman, JB AF Aliev, Ali E. Mayo, Nathanael K. Baughman, Ray H. Avirovik, Dragan Priya, Shashank Zarnetske, Michael R. Blottman, John B. TI Thermal management of thermoacoustic sound projectors using a free-standing carbon nanotube aerogel sheet as a heat source SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; thermoacoustics; thermal management; Kirchhoff's law ID TRANSPARENT AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel sheets produce smooth-spectra sound over a wide frequency range (1-10(5) Hz) by means of thermoacoustic (TA) sound generation. Protective encapsulation of CNT sheets in inert gases between rigid vibrating plates provides resonant features for the TA sound projector and attractive performance at needed low frequencies. Energy conversion efficiencies in air of 2% and 10% underwater, which can be enhanced by further increasing the modulation temperature. Using a developed method for accurate temperature measurements for the thin aerogel CNT sheets, heat dissipation processes, failure mechanisms, and associated power densities are investigated for encapsulated multilayered CNT TA heaters and related to the thermal diffusivity distance when sheet layers are separated. Resulting thermal management methods for high applied power are discussed and deployed to construct efficient and tunable underwater sound projector for operation at relatively low frequencies, 10 Hz-10 kHz. The optimal design of these TA projectors for high-power SONAR arrays is discussed. C1 [Aliev, Ali E.; Mayo, Nathanael K.; Baughman, Ray H.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Avirovik, Dragan; Priya, Shashank] Virginia Tech, Ctr Energy Harvesting Mat & Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zarnetske, Michael R.; Blottman, John B.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Aliev, AE (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM Ali.Aliev@utdallas.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0152, N00014-13-1-0180]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant [FA9550-12-1-0211]; Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant [AT-0029] FX We thank Xavier Norberto Lepro Chavez (NanoTech Institute, UT Dallas) for providing drawable MWNT forests. This research work was supported by US Office of Naval Research grants N00014-14-1-0152 and N00014-13-1-0180, Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-12-1-0211, and the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant AT-0029. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 40 AR 405704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/40/405704 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ0WQ UT WOS:000342503800010 PM 25213658 ER PT J AU Wang, H Han, DK Ko, H AF Wang, H. Han, D. K. Ko, H. TI Multimodal image matching via dual-codebook-based self-similarity hypercube feature descriptor and voting strategy SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION AB An effective feature descriptor is proposed for multimodal local-image patch matching. The conventional self-similarity hypercube (SSH) fails in multimodal image matching due to different intensities of multimodal images. To mitigate this problem, a dual-codebook clustering is proposed for generating the descriptors. It is based on extracting a codebook, respectively, from visible and thermal images but sharing the same k-means clustering index of the local features of visible and thermal image patches. The experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively solves the multimodal image quantisation problem. Moreover, a voting strategy based on the proposed similarity family function facilitates the multimodal image matching more robustly compared with the conventional state-of-the-art methods. C1 [Wang, H.; Ko, H.] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, D. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD Program (WR080951). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 50 IS 21 BP 1518 EP 1519 DI 10.1049/el.2014.1802 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AR0DS UT WOS:000343237700017 ER PT J AU Ott, FD Spiegel, LL Norris, DJ Erwin, SC AF Ott, Florian D. Spiegel, Leo L. Norris, David J. Erwin, Steven C. TI Microscopic Theory of Cation Exchange in CdSe Nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; ION-EXCHANGE; III-V; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION AB Although poorly understood, cation-exchange reactions are increasingly used to dope or transform colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots). We use density-functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to develop a microscopic theory that explains structural, optical, and electronic changes observed experimentally in Ag-cation-exchanged CdSe nanocrystals. We find that Coulomb interactions, both between ionized impurities and with the polarized nanocrystal surface, play a key role in cation exchange. Our theory also resolves several experimental puzzles related to photoluminescence and electrical behavior in CdSe nanocrystals doped with Ag. C1 [Ott, Florian D.; Spiegel, Leo L.; Norris, David J.] ETH, Opt Mat Engn Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ott, FD (reprint author), ETH, Opt Mat Engn Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM dnorris@ethz.ch; steve.erwin@nrl.navy.mil RI Norris, David/F-4022-2010 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-140617]; U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX We thank Al. L. Efros, A. Sahu, and V. Holmberg for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under Award No. 200021-140617 and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (SCE). Computations were performed at the ETH High-Performance Computing Cluster Brutus and the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 15 AR 156803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.156803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AQ4VD UT WOS:000342797100013 PM 25375732 ER PT J AU Harmon, SR McKinney, JD AF Harmon, Sharon R. McKinney, Jason D. TI Broadband RF disambiguation in subsampled analog optical links via intentionally-introduced sampling jitter SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SIGNALS; GENERATION; LASERS AB We introduce a novel technique for broadband RF disambiguation which exploits a known jitter imparted onto the sampling rate of an optical pulse source in a subsampled analog optical link. Coarse disambiguation to bandwidths equal to the sample rate is achieved using pure tones as example waveforms by comparing the amplitude of the jitter-induced sidebands relative to the measured signal within the fundamental Nyquist band (f(rep)/2). This sampling technique allows for ultra-wideband signal recovery with a single measurement. In a first-of-its-kind photonics demonstration we show reliable disambiguation for signals with center frequencies spanning 1 MHz - 40 GHz. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Harmon, Sharon R.] Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [McKinney, Jason D.] US Naval Res Lab, SW, Washington, DC 20735 USA. RP Harmon, SR (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM sharon.harmon.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 20 BP 23928 EP 23937 DI 10.1364/OE.22.023928 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IE UT WOS:000342757000018 PM 25321970 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, MN Frigo, NJ Urick, VJ AF Hutchinson, Meredith N. Frigo, Nicholas J. Urick, Vincent J. TI Procedure for aligning polarization modulator link for amplitude modulation applications SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE PHOTONIC LINK; SAGNAC LOOP AB A procedure is detailed for aligning the transmitted output states of a polarization modulated signal to the analyzer states of a polarizing discriminator in an analog photonic link. The steps in the procedure insure optimal amplitude modulation in the link. Experimental results are presented for biasing in two ways: either the DC bias on the modulator or a rotatable half-wave plate can be used. The corresponding theory is included. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hutchinson, Meredith N.; Frigo, Nicholas J.; Urick, Vincent J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Frigo, Nicholas J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hutchinson, MN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meredith.hutchinson@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 20 BP 24859 EP 24868 DI 10.1364/OE.22.024859 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IE UT WOS:000342757000107 PM 25322059 ER PT J AU MacMahan, J van de Kreeke, J Reniers, A Elgar, S Raubenheimer, B Thornton, E Weltmer, M Rynne, P Brown, J AF MacMahan, Jamie van de Kreeke, Jacobus Reniers, Ad Elgar, Steve Raubenheimer, Britt Thornton, Ed Weltmer, Micah Rynne, Patrick Brown, Jenna TI Fortnightly tides and subtidal motions in a choked inlet SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tidal choking; tide; nonlinear response; fortnightly response; subtidal signal; tidal wave propagation; inlet ID LAGOON; CHOKING AB Amplitudes of semi-diurnal tidal fluctuations measured at an ocean inlet system decay nearly linearly by 87% between the ocean edge of the offshore ebb-tidal delta and the backbay. A monochromatic, dynamical model for a tidally choked inlet separately reproduces the evolution of the amplitudes and phases of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal constituents observed between the ocean and inland locations. However, the monochromatic model over-predicts the amplitude and under-predicts the lag of the lower-frequency subtidal and fortnightly motions observed in the backbay. A dimensional model that considers all tidal constituents simultaneously, balances the along-channel pressure gradient with quadratic bottom friction, and that includes a time-varying channel water depth, is used to show that that these model-data differences are associated with nonlinear interactions between the tidal constituents that are not included in non-dimensional, monochromatic models. In particular, numerical simulations suggest that the nonlinear interactions induced by quadratic bottom friction modify the amplitude and phase of the subtidal and fortnightly backbay response. This nonlinear effect on the low-requency (subtidal and fortnightly) motions increases with increasing high-frequency (semi-diurnal) amplitude. The subtidal and fortnightly motions influence water exchange processes, and thus backbay temperature and salinity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [MacMahan, Jamie; Thornton, Ed; Weltmer, Micah; Brown, Jenna] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. [van de Kreeke, Jacobus; Reniers, Ad; Rynne, Patrick] Univ Miami, Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Elgar, Steve; Raubenheimer, Britt] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP MacMahan, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX20962, N0001412WX20498] FX We thank the many people who helped, obtain the field observations during both nice days and some fairly horrid days, the USACE Field Research Facility for bathymetry and logistical support, and the Office of Naval Research (N0001411WX20962; N0001412WX20498) for funding. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for improving the clarity of this work. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2014 VL 150 SI SI BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.03.025 PN B PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3YA UT WOS:000346217800013 ER PT J AU Holland, RJ Klose, JR Deschamps, JR Cao, Z Keefer, LK Saavedra, JE AF Holland, Ryan J. Klose, John R. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cao, Zhao Keefer, Larry K. Saavedra, Joseph E. TI Direct Reaction of Amides with Nitric Oxide To Form Diazeniumdiolates SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RELEASE; NO; DONORS; CHEMISTRY; AGENTS; HNO AB We report the apparently unprecedented direct reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with amides to generate ions of structure R(C=O)NH-N(O)=NO-, with examples including R = Me (1a) or 3-pyridyl (1b). The sodium salts of both released NO in pH 7.4 buffer, with 37 degrees C half-lives of 1-3 min. As NO-releasing drug candidates, diazeniumdiolated amides would have the advantage of generating only 1 equiv of base on hydrolyzing exhaustively to NO, in contrast to their amine counterparts, which generate 2 equiv of base. C1 [Holland, Ryan J.; Keefer, Larry K.] NCI, Drug Design Sect, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Klose, John R.; Cao, Zhao; Saavedra, Joseph E.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DE 20375 USA. RP Holland, RJ (reprint author), NCI, Drug Design Sect, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM hollandrj@mail.nih.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 FU National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN261200800001E]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, Center for Cancer Research; NIDA [Y1-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX We thank Dr. Sergey Tarasov and Ms. Marzena A. Dyba (Biophysics Resource in the Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research) for assistance with HRMS. This project was funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract HHSN261200800001E, and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, Center for Cancer Research. The X-ray crystallographic work was supported by NIDA through Interagency Agreement #Y1-DA1101 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 3 PY 2014 VL 79 IS 19 BP 9389 EP 9393 DI 10.1021/jo501670e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AQ3US UT WOS:000342719600047 PM 25210948 ER PT J AU Deng, Y AF Deng, Yong TI China: The Post-Responsible Power SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0163-660X EI 1530-9177 J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1080/0163660X.2014.1002159 PG 16 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA CA2UL UT WOS:000348763300001 ER PT J AU Fravel, MT Twomey, CP AF Fravel, M. Taylor Twomey, Christopher P. TI Projecting Strategy: The Myth of Chinese Counter-intervention SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Fravel, M. Taylor] MIT, Secur Studies Program, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Twomey, Christopher P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fravel, MT (reprint author), MIT, Secur Studies Program, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0163-660X EI 1530-9177 J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.1080/0163660X.2014.1002164 PG 17 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA CA2UL UT WOS:000348763300004 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Nelson, C Malek-Madani, R Korotkova, O AF Avramov-Zamurovic, S. Nelson, C. Malek-Madani, R. Korotkova, O. TI Polarization-induced reduction in scintillation of optical beams propagating in simulated turbulent atmospheric channels SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID COHERENT GAUSSIAN-BEAM; SCHELL-MODEL BEAMS; INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; COMMUNICATION AB It is experimentally demonstrated that the class of partially coherent, partially polarized optical beams can be efficiently used for reduction in scintillations on propagation through turbulent air. The experiment involving the electromagnetic beam generation and its interaction with turbulent air simulator is discussed in details. The collected data is in solid agreement with the recently published theoretical predictions. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Malek-Madani, R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Nelson, C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Korotkova, O.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu FU US ONR [N00189-14-T-0120]; US AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0449]; ONR [N0001413WX20152] FX O. Korotkova's research is sponsored by US ONR (#N00189-14-T-0120) and US AFOSR (#FA9550-12-1-0449). Svetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, Reza Malek-Madani, and Charles Nelson are sponsored by ONR (N0001413WX20152). NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 EI 1745-5049 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 4 BP 452 EP 462 DI 10.1080/17455030.2014.944242 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS6YU UT WOS:000344405900008 ER PT J AU Craven, R Beverly, R Allman, M AF Craven, Ryan Beverly, Robert Allman, Mark TI A Middlebox-Cooperative TCP for a non End-to-End Internet SO ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIGCOMM Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP ACM SIGCOMM, Assoc Comp Machinery DE TCP; Middlebox; Header Integrity; Header Modifications AB Understanding, measuring, and debugging IP networks, particularly across administrative domains, is challenging. One particularly daunting aspect of the challenge is the presence of transparent middleboxes-which are now common in today's Internet. In-path middleboxes that modify packet headers are typically transparent to a TCP, yet can impact end-to-end performance or cause blackholes. We develop TCP HICCUPS to reveal packet header manipulation to both endpoints of a TCP connection. HICCUPS permits endpoints to cooperate with currently opaque middleboxes without prior knowledge of their behavior. For example, with visibility into end-to-end behavior, a TCP can selectively enable or disable performance enhancing options. This cooperation enables protocol innovation by allowing new IP or TCP functionality (e.g., ECN, SACK, Multipath TCP, Tcperypt) to be deployed without fear of such functionality being misconstrued, modified, or blocked along a path. HICCUPS is incrementally deployable and introduces no new options. We implement and deploy TCP HICCUPS across thousands of disparate Internet paths, highlighting the breadth and scope of subtle and hard to detect middlebox behaviors encountered. We then show how path diagnostic capabilities provided by HICCUPS can benefit applications and the network. C1 [Craven, Ryan; Beverly, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Craven, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rcraven@nps.edu; rbeverly@nps.edu; mallman@icir.org NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0146-4833 EI 1943-5819 J9 ACM SIGCOMM COMP COM JI ACM SIGCOMM Comp. Commun. Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 44 IS 4 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1145/2619239.2626321 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CC7QZ UT WOS:000350564600035 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Ancona, MG AF Snow, Arthur W. Ancona, Mario G. TI Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Nanodimensional Effects in Gold Nanocluster Vapor Sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Chemiresistor; chemiresistor transduction mechanism; deuterated analyte; gold nanocluster; sensor selectivity; vapor sensor ID NANOPARTICLE FILMS; CHEMIRESISTOR; METAL; RESISTIVITY; SYSTEM; MODEL AB A chemiresistor vapor sensor based on electron transport through an ensemble of ligand-stabilized gold nanoclusters is made exceptionally sensitive and selective by terminal carboxylic acid functionalization of the alkanethiol ligand. The directionality of the response (conductance increase or decrease) is strongly dependent on the nanoscale dimensions of the gold core and ligand shell thickness. Films of gold nanoclusters composed of a 2-nm metal core with a 0.5-nm S(CH2)(5)COOH shell are compared with those based on an 8-nm core and a 1.5-nm S(CH2)(15) COOH shell. Sensitivity toward amine vapors covered spanned 4-5 orders of magnitude with a detection limit lower than 0.1 ppm and respective selectivity factors of 100x and 20x over interferent vapors. Sensor isotherm measurements on a series of trialkylamine vapors displayed a sensitivity dependence that correlates with vapor pressure. Comparative responses to deuterated and nondeuterated triethylamine vapor exposures were identical and ruled out a sensor transduction mechanism that couples analyte vibrational modes with electron tunneling between gold nanocluster cores. C1 [Snow, Arthur W.; Ancona, Mario G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arthur.snow@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Srinivas Tadigadapa. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3330 EP 3336 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2014.2322285 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AY6PH UT WOS:000347687600001 ER PT J AU Oliveira, LG Lawrence, MW AF Oliveira, L. G. Lawrence, M. W. TI Developing an ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access program for emergency physicians, nurses and corpsmen (technicians) at a military hospital SO INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Oliveira, L. G.; Lawrence, M. W.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-599X EI 1878-013X J9 INT EMERG NURS JI Int. Emerg. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 276 EP 276 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA AX7LT UT WOS:000347098200129 ER PT J AU Philo, L Bower, R You, D AF Philo, Leonard Bower, Richard You, David TI Joint Prosthesis Infection as a Potential Complication From Variceal Band Ligation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 17-22, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Philo, Leonard; Bower, Richard; You, David] NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 EI 1572-0241 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 109 SU 2 MA 1311 BP S386 EP S386 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA AS6OR UT WOS:000344383101537 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, S Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Schoenecker, Steven Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov TI Extreme-Value Analysis for ML-PMHT, Part 1: Threshold Determination SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (ML-PMHT) can be used as a powerful multisensor, low-observable, multitarget active sonar tracker. It is a non-Bayesian algorithm that uses a generalized likelihood ratio test to differentiate between clutter and targets. Prior to this paper, the detection threshold used for target discrimination was determined either through trial and error or with lengthy Monte Carlo simulations. We present a new method for determining this threshold by assuming that clutter is uniformly distributed in the search space (which is one of the basic assumptions of the ML-PMHT algorithm) and then treating the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) as a random variable transformation. In this manner we can obtain an expression for the value of any random point on the likelihood surface caused by clutter. We then use extreme value theory to obtain an expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the peak point of the LLR surface due to clutter. From this peak PDF, we can then calculate a threshold based on some desired (small) false track acceptance probability. C1 [Schoenecker, Steven] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, ECE Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Schoenecker, S (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.schoenecker@navy.mil FU ONR [N00014-10-10412, N00014-10-1-0029, N00014-13-1-0231]; ARO [W911NF-06-1-0467] FX Supported by ONR grants N00014-10-10412, N00014-10-1-0029, N00014-13-1-0231, and ARO grant W911NF-06-1-0467. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 2500 EP 2514 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130303 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RS UT WOS:000346792500007 ER PT J AU Schoenecker, S Luginbuhl, T Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Schoenecker, Steven Luginbuhl, Tod Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov TI Extreme-Value Analysis for ML-PMHT, Part 2: Target Trackability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID REVERBERATION; CLUTTER AB The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (ML-PMHT) can be used as a powerful multisensor, low-observable, multitarget active tracker. It is a non-Bayesian algorithm that uses a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to differentiate between clutter and targets. We use a new method, initially developed to obtain the probability density function (pdf) of the maximum point in the ML-PMHT log-likelihood ratio (LLR) due to clutter, to now develop a pdf for the maximum value of the ML-PMHT LLR caused by a target. With expressions for the pdfs of the maximum points caused by both clutter (developed in a companion article) and a target, we can, for a given set of tracking parameters (signal-to-noise ratio, search volume, target measurement probability of detection, etc.), develop ML-PMHT "tracker operating characteristic" curves, similar to receiver operating characteristic curves for a detector. Since ML-PMHT can be thought of as an optimal algorithm in the sense that, as long as the target and the environment match the algorithm's assumptions, all the information from all the available measurements can be used, and no approximations are necessary to get the algorithm to function, the analysis presented in this paper offers for the first time part of the answer to the fundamental question: Can a particular target be tracked? C1 [Schoenecker, Steven; Luginbuhl, Tod] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Schoenecker, S (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.schoenecker@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-10-10412, N00014-10-1-0029, N00014-13-1-0231]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-06-1-0467] FX Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) grants N00014-10-10412, N00014-10-1-0029, N00014-13-1-0231, and Army Research Office (ARO) grant W911NF-06-1-0467. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 2515 EP 2527 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130304 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RS UT WOS:000346792500008 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Persing, J AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Persing, John TI On steady-state tropical cyclones SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; tropical cyclones; typhoons; steady-state ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; HURRICANE INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; EYE AB We examine the physical constraints that must be satisfied to allow for a steady-state tropical cyclone in an isolated environment, paying particular attention to the need to replenish absolute angular momentum at exactly the rate at which it is consumed and to the vanishing of the spin-up function above the frictional boundary layer. We conclude that it is unlikely that these conditions will be met simultaneously and question whether globally steady-state tropical cyclone solutions have merit. The implications for previous studies are discussed. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.; Persing, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU NSF [AGS-0733380] FX This article was begun during a visit by the authors to the Regional Forecasting Centre in Darwin, Australia in January 2013. We thank the then Acting Director, Todd Smith, and all the staff of the Centre for their warm hospitality during our stay there. We also thank Jim McWilliams for providing some provocative comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF Grant AGS-0733380. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 685 BP 2638 EP 2649 DI 10.1002/qj.2329 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YL UT WOS:000346346700020 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM Kurth, F AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. Kurth, Frank TI Comparing shift-autocorrelation with cepstrum for detection of burst pulses in impulsive noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The recently introduced shift method is applied to detect and characterize burst-pulse vocalizations produced by marine mammals. To this end, burst pulses are modeled as sequences of click-like events that are repeated after a certain inter-click interval (ICI). The shift method is used to first emphasize events that repeat within an input signal. Afterwards, the ICI can be estimated. A qualitative comparison of the method is made against classical cepstrum using real data. The detection performance is measured using random trials of simulated data with impulsive noise. It is shown that although the cepstrum outperforms in Gaussian noise at low signal-to-noise ratio, the shift method performs significantly better in impulsive noise. C1 [Baggenstoss, Paul M.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Kurth, Frank] Fraunhofer FKIE, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU ONR Marine Mammal Advanced Detection Classification and Localization (ADCL) program; Living Marine Resources (LMR) program FX The author would like to acknowledge support from both the ONR Marine Mammal Advanced Detection Classification and Localization (ADCL) program and the Living Marine Resources (LMR) program. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1574 EP 1582 DI 10.1121/1.4894734 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AW0JF UT WOS:000345977400026 PM 25324061 ER PT J AU Kloepper, LN Gaudette, JE Simmons, JA Buck, JR AF Kloepper, Laura N. Gaudette, Jason E. Simmons, James A. Buck, John R. TI Mouth gape angle has little effect on the transmitted signals of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATING BATS; AUDITORY SCENE; TARGET RANGE; PERCEPTION; NEURONS; SOUNDS; PREY AB Bats perform high-resolution echolocation by comparing temporal and spectral features of their transmitted pulses to the received echoes. In complex environments with moving prey, dynamically adapting the transmitted pulses can increase the probability of successful target representation and interception. This study further investigates the adaptive vocal-motor strategies of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). During stationary target detection experiments, echolocation sounds were simultaneously recorded with high-speed, infrared video to examine the relationship of mouth position and movement to pulse characteristics among bats. All three bats produced strobe groups, but the proportion and frequency characteristics of the strobe group pulses differed for individual bats. Additionally, mouth gape angle had little effect on the emitted pulse characteristics, which suggests that laryngeal mechanisms drive changes in emitted pulses. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Kloepper, Laura N.; Simmons, James A.] Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gaudette, Jason E.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, USW Weap Vehicles & Defens Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Kloepper, Laura N.; Buck, John R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Kloepper, LN (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, 185 Meeting St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM laura.kloepper@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology [DBI-1202833]; Independent In-house Laboratory Research (ILIR) investments by NUWC; [N00014-09-1-0691] FX The authors thank Victoria Ferreira and Dan Robitzski for help with animal training and data collection, Ryan Himmelwright for help with MATLAB software design, and Aidan Leonard for help with mouth angle measurements. This work was supported by N00014-09-1-0691 to J.A.S., the National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology DBI-1202833 awarded to L.N.K., and the Independent In-house Laboratory Research (ILIR) investments by NUWC to J.E.G. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1964 EP 1971 DI 10.1121/1.4895690 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AW0JF UT WOS:000345977400060 PM 25324095 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Lu, Q Padilla, MA Xin, L Li, WZ Serov, A Artyushkova, K Atanassov, P Xu, F Epshteyn, A Brintlinger, T Schuette, M Collins, GE AF Baturina, Olga A. Lu, Qin Padilla, Monica A. Xin, Le Li, Wenzhen Serov, Alexey Artyushkova, Kateryna Atanassov, Plamen Xu, Feng Epshteyn, Albert Brintlinger, Todd Schuette, Mike Collins, Greg E. TI CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons on Carbon-Supported Cu Nanoparticles SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE CO2 electroreduction; rotating disk electrode; Faradaic efficiency; copper nanoparticles; electrocatalytic activity; hydrocarbons; methane; ethylene ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; COPPER ELECTRODE; ELECTROCATALYTIC CONVERSION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE; OXIDE; SELECTIVITY AB Activities of Cu nanopartides supported on carbon black (VC), single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and Ketjen Black (KB) toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6) are evaluated using a sealed rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup coupled to a gas clu-omatograph (GC). Thin films of supported Cu catalysts are deposited on RDE tips following a procedure well-established in the fuel cell community. Lead (Pb) underpotential deposition (UPD) is used to determine the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of thin films of 40 wt % Cu/VC, 20 wt % Cu/SWNT, 50 wt % Cu/KB, and commercial 20 wt % Cu/VC catalysts on glassy carbon electrodes. Faradaic efficiencies of four carbon-supported Cu catalysts toward CO2 electroreduction to hydrocarbons are compared to that of electrodeposited smooth Cu films. For all the catalysts studied, the only hydrocarbons detected by GC are CH4 and C2H4. The Cu nanoparticles are found to be more active toward C2H4 generation versus electrodeposited smooth copper films. For the supported Cu nanocatalysts, the ratio of C2H4/CH4 Faradaic efficiencies is believed to be a function of particle size, as higher ratios are observed for smaller Cu nanoparticles. This is likely due to an increase in the fraction of under-coordinated sites, such as corners, edges, and defects, as the nanopartides become smaller. C1 [Baturina, Olga A.; Lu, Qin; Epshteyn, Albert; Collins, Greg E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brintlinger, Todd] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Padilla, Monica A.; Serov, Alexey; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Xin, Le; Li, Wenzhen] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Xu, Feng] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Wolfson Catalysis Ctr, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Xu, Feng] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China. [Schuette, Mike] Sotera Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 FU NRL HECU/MITCU program; National Science Foundation [CBET1235982]; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to Dr. Karen Swider-Lyons for discussions of this work. Financial support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. Monica Padilla's 2012 summer internship at NRL was supported by NRL HECU/MITCU program. W. Li is grateful to the financial support from the National Science Foundation (Award No. CBET1235982). NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 29 U2 215 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 4 IS 10 BP 3682 EP 3695 DI 10.1021/cs500537y PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AU6TS UT WOS:000345735200042 ER PT J AU Childs, DD Clingan, MJ Zagoria, RJ Sirintrapun, J Tangtiang, K Anderson, A Leyendecker, JR AF Childs, David D. Clingan, M. Jennings Zagoria, Ronald J. Sirintrapun, Joseph Tangtiang, Kaan Anderson, Andrea Leyendecker, John R. TI In-Phase Signal Intensity Loss in Solid Renal Masses on Dual-Echo Gradient-Echo MRI: Association With Malignancy and Pathologic Classification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dual-echo gradient-echo MRI; hemosiderin; renal mass; renal MRI ID FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION; HEPATIC IRON DEPOSITION; CELL CARCINOMA; MINIMAL FAT; PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE; PAPILLARY; DIFFERENTIATION; ANGIOMYOLIPOMA; OVERLOAD; T2 AB OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of in-phase signal intensity loss on dual-echo gradient-echo MRI in solid renal masses using visual and quantitative techniques and to test for any association between in-phase signal intensity loss and pathologic classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The renal MRI studies of 177 patients (192 solid masses consisting of 166 renal cell carcinomas [RCCs], four malignant non-RCCs, and 22 benign tumors) were qualitatively reviewed by two blinded readers for visual evidence of relative in-phase signal intensity loss. For lesions without visual evidence, whole-lesion ROIs were used to attempt quantification of subtle signal intensity loss between opposed- and in-phase images (signal intensity loss index). RESULTS. Visual in-phase signal intensity loss was noted in 18% of clear cell RCC, 42% of papillary RCC, and no benign lesions. There was significant correlation between malignancy and visual signal intensity loss (Fisher exact test, p = 0.0092). Visual signal intensity loss was predictive of papillary RCC over clear cell RCC (odds ratio, 5.79; p = 0.0002) in logistic regression analysis of all RCCs, controlling for size. Quantitative assessment of remaining lesions provided no additional diagnostic benefit. CONCLUSION. Visible in-phase signal intensity loss is relatively common within solid renal masses and was associated with RCC and particularly papillary RCC (among all RCCs) in our population. Quantitative analysis in lesions without visible signal intensity loss was not predictive of RCC. Further work should be performed to validate the usefulness of this additional imaging parameter to help characterize renal masses and to determine the impact of this finding on imaging techniques potentially sensitive to susceptibility effects. C1 [Childs, David D.; Leyendecker, John R.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Clingan, M. Jennings] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Zagoria, Ronald J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Sirintrapun, Joseph] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Tangtiang, Kaan] Thammasat Univ, Dept Pathol, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Anderson, Andrea] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Childs, DD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM dchilds@wakehealth.edu OI Sirintrapun, S. Joseph/0000-0003-2921-8831; Zagoria, Ronald/0000-0001-6926-4627 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X EI 1546-3141 J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 203 IS 4 BP W421 EP W428 DI 10.2214/AJR.13.11113 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AU3OP UT WOS:000345523500010 PM 25247971 ER PT J AU Qin, X Direnzo, MS Xu, MY Duan, YL AF Qin, Xin Direnzo, Marco S. Xu, Minya Duan, Yilong TI When do emotionally exhausted employees speak up? Exploring the potential curvilinear relationship between emotional exhaustion and voice SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE emotional exhaustion; prohibitive voice; promotive voice; job security; interactional justice climate; curvilinear; multi-level design ID VOLUNTARY TURNOVER; CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR; JOB-PERFORMANCE; WORK; RESOURCES; BURNOUT; ISSUES; CONSERVATION; ANTECEDENTS; PERCEPTIONS AB Two studies were conducted to address the potential nonlinear relationship between emotional exhaustion and voice. Study 1 developed and tested a model rooted in conservation of resources theory in which responses to emotional exhaustion are determined by individual-level and group-level conditions that influence the perceived safety and efficacy of voice and drive prohibitive voice behaviors by giving rise to either resource-conservation-based or resource-acquisition-based motivation. Specifically, there was a curvilinear (U-shaped) relationship between emotional exhaustion and prohibitive voice under conditions of (i) high job security and (ii) high interactional justice climate, but a linearly negative relationship when these resources were low. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings to include an empirical examination of these effects on promotive versus prohibitive voice. Results confirmed the findings of Study 1, provided evidence of differences in the nomological networks of promotive and prohibitive voice, and indicated that prohibitive voice is more salient to the experience of high emotional strain. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Qin, Xin] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Business Sch, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Direnzo, Marco S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Xu, Minya; Duan, Yilong] Peking Univ, Guanghua Sch Management, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Duan, Yilong] China Railway 16th Bur Grp Co Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, MY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Guanghua Sch Management, Room 365, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM minyaxu@gsm.pku.edu.cn NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-3796 EI 1099-1379 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV JI J. Organ. Behav. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1018 EP 1041 DI 10.1002/job.1948 PG 24 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA AU1XQ UT WOS:000345411300008 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, Jason TI Cultivating National Identity through Performance: American Pleasure Gardens and Entertainment SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Shaffer, Jason] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-8762 EI 1937-5239 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1266 DI 10.1093/ahr/119.4.1266 PG 1 WC History SC History GA AT0AK UT WOS:000344599100061 ER PT J AU Gingeras, R AF Gingeras, Ryan TI Healing the Nation: Prisoners of War, Medicine and Nationalism in Turkey, 1914-1939 SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingeras, Ryan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gingeras, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-8762 EI 1937-5239 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1401 EP 1402 DI 10.1093/ahr/119.4.1401 PG 3 WC History SC History GA AT0AK UT WOS:000344599100213 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, SS Apte, UM Evangelopoulos, NE AF Kulkarni, Shailesh S. Apte, Uday M. Evangelopoulos, Nicholas E. TI The Use of Latent Semantic Analysis in Operations Management Research SO DECISION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Big Data Analytics; Latent Semantic Analysis; Operations Management Research; and Unstructured Text ID AUTHOR COCITATION ANALYSIS; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE; CITATION/CO-CITATION; CONSUMER RESEARCH; DISCIPLINE; EVOLUTION; SCIENCE; RETRIEVAL; KNOWLEDGE AB In this article, we introduce the use of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as a technique for uncovering the intellectual structure of a discipline. LSA is an emerging quantitative method for content analysis that combines rigorous statistical techniques and scholarly judgment as it proceeds to extract and decipher key latent factors. We provide a stepwise explanation and illustration for implementing LSA. To demonstrate LSA's ability to uncover the intellectual structure of a discipline, we present a study of the field of Operations Management. We also discuss a number of potential applications of LSA to show how it can be used in empirical Operations Management research, specifically in areas that can benefit from analyzing large volumes of unstructured textual data. C1 [Kulkarni, Shailesh S.; Evangelopoulos, Nicholas E.] Univ N Texas, Dept Informat Technol & Decis Sci, Denton, TX 76201 USA. [Apte, Uday M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kulkarni, SS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Informat Technol & Decis Sci, 1307 W Highland, Denton, TX 76201 USA. EM Shailesh.Kulkarni@unt.edu; umapte@nps.edu; Nick.Evangelopoulos@unt.edu OI Evangelopoulos, Nicholas/0000-0001-9866-6828 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0011-7315 EI 1540-5915 J9 DECISION SCI JI Decis. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 IS 5 BP 971 EP 994 DI 10.1111/deci.12095 PG 24 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA AS8BA UT WOS:000344474200006 ER PT J AU Mikitchuk, D Stollberg, C Doron, R Kroupp, E Maron, Y Strauss, HR Velikovich, AL Giuliani, JL AF Mikitchuk, Dimitry Stollberg, Christine Doron, Ramy Kroupp, Eyal Maron, Yitzhak Strauss, Henry R. Velikovich, Alexander L. Giuliani, John L. TI Mitigation of Instabilities in a Z-Pinch Plasma by a Preembedded Axial Magnetic Field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic field effects; optical imaging; plasma pinch; plasma stability AB The effects of an axial magnetic field on the development of instabilities during a z-pinch implosion are studied using 2-D images and interferometry. The measurements clearly show mitigation of magneto Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities with increased magnitude of the preembedded axial magnetic field. Introducing the axial magnetic field also gives rise to new structures, indicating an interaction between the azimuthal and axial fields. C1 [Mikitchuk, Dimitry; Stollberg, Christine; Doron, Ramy; Kroupp, Eyal; Maron, Yitzhak] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Strauss, Henry R.] HRS Fus, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA. [Velikovich, Alexander L.; Giuliani, John L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mikitchuk, D (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM dimitry.mikitchuk@weizmann.ac.il; christine.stollberg@weizmann.ac.il; ramy.doron@weizmann.ac.il; eyal.kroupp@weizmann.ac.il; yitzhak.maron@weizmann.ac.il; hank@hrsfusion.com; sasha.velikovich@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2012096]; DOE-Cornell University Excellence Center (U.S.) FX Manuscript received November 11, 2013; revised March 14, 2014; accepted May 24, 2014. Date of publication June 16, 2014; date of current version October 21, 2014. This work was supported by the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation under Grant 2012096 and by the DOE-Cornell University Excellence Center (U.S.). NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2524 EP 2525 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2327094 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300100 ER PT J AU Richardson, AS Angus, JR Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Richardson, Andrew S. Angus, Justin R. Swanekamp, Stephen B. Ottinger, Paul F. Schumer, Joseph W. TI Visualization of Magnetic Field Penetration in Multicomponent Plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic fields; plasma simulation; plasmas AB Magnetic pushing of plasmas is an important fundamental phenomena in plasma physics. In the presence of strong plasma-density gradients, Hall-magnetohydrodynamics forces can lead to penetration of the magnetic field into the plasma. For multicomponent plasmas, simulations show that the magnetic field can penetrate the heavy-ion component of the plasma while simultaneously pushing the light ions. Images are presented of the simulated plasma densities showing the resulting species separation. C1 [Richardson, Andrew S.; Angus, Justin R.; Swanekamp, Stephen B.; Schumer, Joseph W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Richardson, AS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steve.richardson@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Basic and Applied Research Program; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, NRL-DC Affiliated Resource Center FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Basic and Applied Research Program and in part by the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, NRL-DC Affiliated Resource Center. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 IS 10 SI SI BP 2552 EP 2553 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2331179 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AS9FK UT WOS:000344548300114 ER PT J AU Patrick, MA Joye, CD De Lucia, FC AF Patrick, Mark A. Joye, Colin D. De Lucia, Frank C. TI Multimode illumination for speckle reduction and angle neutrality in millimeter wave active imaging: range and time-resolved mode averaging SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID CONCEALED-OBJECT DETECTION AB Active illumination is an attractive approach for millimeter and submillimeter wave imaging because of its generally larger signal margins and capacity for range determination. However, the resultant speckle from diffuse targets and the requirement that specular targets have strategic angular alignment are significant shortcomings. As a result, many, if not most, demonstrations of active imaging have involved the use of strategically oriented specular targets. We have previously shown[J. Opt. Soc. Am. A29, 2643 (2012)] that spatially time-resolved modulated multimode mixing approaches mitigate these issues. In this paper, we extend this work to demonstrate the use of range resolved multimode mixing as an alternative means to provide statistically independent images for speckle reduction averaging. We also demonstrate the use of systematic illumination of spatial modes in a "grassy field" geometry. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Patrick, Mark A.; De Lucia, Frank C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Joye, Colin D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Lucia, FC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM delucia.2@osu.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Army Research Office, and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2135 EP 2141 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.002135 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT2RH UT WOS:000344781600004 PM 25401236 ER PT J AU Flack, KA Schultz, MP AF Flack, Karen A. Schultz, Michael P. TI Roughness effects on wall-bounded turbulent flows SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; TRANSITIONALLY ROUGH; LAYERS; RESISTANCE; SMOOTH; SIMILARITY; REGIME; PLATES; PIPE AB This paper outlines the authors' experimental research in rough-wall-bounded turbulent flows that has spanned the past 15 years. The results show that, in general, roughness effects are confined to the inner layer. In accordance with Townsend's Reynolds number similarity hypothesis, the outer layer is insensitive to surface condition except in the role it plays in setting the length and velocity scales for the outer flow. An exception to this can be two-dimensional roughness which has been observed in some cases to suffer roughness effects far from the wall. However, recent results indicate that similarity also holds for two-dimensional roughness provided the Reynolds number is large, and there is sufficient scale separation between the roughness length scale and the boundary layer thickness. The concept of similarity between smooth-and rough-wall flows is of great practical importance as most computational and analytical modeling tools rely on it either explicitly or implicitly in predicting flows over rough walls. Because of the observed similarity, the roughness function (Delta U+), or shift in the log layer, is a useful way of characterizing the roughness effect on the mean flow and the frictional drag. In the fully rough regime, it is shown that the hydraulic roughness length scale is related to the root-mean-square height (k(rms)) and skewness (s(k)) of the surface elevation probability density function. On the other hand, the onset of roughness effects is seen to be associated with the largest surface features which are typified by the peak-to-trough height (k(t)). Roughness function behavior in the transitionally rough regime varies significantly between roughness types. Since no "universal" roughness function exists, no single roughness length scale can characterize all roughness types in all the flow regimes. Despite this, research using roughness with a systematic variation in texture is ongoing in an effort to uncover surface parameters that lead to the variation in the frictional drag behavior witnessed in the transitionally rough regime. C1 [Flack, Karen A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, program manager Ron Joslin, for the financial support of this research. We also appreciate the enlightening discussions over the years with fellow roughness researchers, with special thanks to Lex Smits, Per-Age Krogstad, and Ian Castro for sharing their data. Finally, we are very indebted to the tremendous support we receive from the technical staff in the Hydromechanics Laboratory and machine shop at the United States Naval Academy. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2014 VL 26 IS 10 AR 101305 DI 10.1063/1.4896280 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AS9YC UT WOS:000344593300005 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, Craig C. TI Information at Sea: Shipboard Command and Control in the US Navy, from Mobile Bay to Okinawa SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Felker, Craig C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Felker, CC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X EI 1097-3729 J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1028 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA AT3KX UT WOS:000344834900032 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Sheehan, PE AF Mulvaney, Shawn P. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Nature Inspires Sensors To Do More with Less SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID DNA; IMMOBILIZATION; ANTIBODIES; MONOLAYERS; BIOSENSORS; TONGUE AB The world is filled with widely varying chemical, physical, and biological stimuli. Over millennia, organisms have refined their senses to cope with these diverse stimuli, becoming virtuosos in differentiating closely related antigens, handling extremes in concentration, resetting the spent sensing mechanisms, and processing the multiple data streams being generated. Nature successfully deals with both repeating and new stimuli, demonstrating great adaptability when confronted with the latter. Interestingly, nature accomplishes these feats using a fairly simple toolbox. The sensors community continues to draw inspiration from nature's example: just look at the antibodies used as biosensor capture agents or the neural networks that process multivariate data streams. Indeed, many successful sensors have been built by simply mimicking natural systems. However, some of the most exciting breakthroughs occur when the community moves beyond mimicking nature and learns to use nature's tools in innovative ways. C1 [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Sheehan, Paul E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mulvaney, SP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shawn.mulvaney@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2014 VL 8 IS 10 BP 9729 EP 9732 DI 10.1021/nn505365b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AS0FC UT WOS:000343952600006 PM 25310518 ER PT J AU Hou, X Smith, DA Guillemot, L Cheung, CC Cognard, I Craig, HA Espinoza, CM Johnston, S Kramer, M Reimer, O Reposeur, T Shannon, R Stappers, BW Weltevrede, P AF Hou, X. Smith, D. A. Guillemot, L. Cheung, C. C. Cognard, I. Craig, H. A. Espinoza, C. M. Johnston, S. Kramer, M. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Shannon, R. Stappers, B. W. Weltevrede, P. TI Six faint gamma-ray pulsars seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope Towards a sample blending into the background SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE parallaxes; gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general ID GALACTIC POPULATION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO TELESCOPE; DISCOVERY; PARAMETERS; CARINAE; CATALOG; WIND; SKY AB Context. GeV gamma-ray pulsations from over 140 pulsars have been characterized using the Fermi Large Area Telescope, enabling improved understanding of the emission regions within the neutron star magnetospheres, and the contributions of pulsars to high energy electrons and diffuse gamma rays in the Milky Way. The first gamma-ray pulsars to be detected were the most intense and / or those with narrow pulses. Aims. As the Fermi mission progresses, progressively fainter objects can be studied. In addition to more distant pulsars (thus probing a larger volume of the Galaxy), or ones in high background regions (thus improving the sampling uniformity across the Galactic plane), we detect pulsars with broader pulses or lower luminosity. Adding pulsars to our catalog with inclination angles that are rare in the observed sample, and / or with lower spindown power, will reduce the bias in the currently known gamma-ray pulsar population. Methods. We use rotation ephemerides derived from radio observations to phase-fold gamma rays recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, to then determine the pulse profile properties. Spectral analysis provides the luminosities and, when the signal-to-noise ratio allows, the cutoff energies. We constrain the pulsar distances by different means in order to minimize the luminosity uncertainties. Results. We present six new gamma-ray pulsars with an eclectic mix of properties. Three are young, and three are recycled. They include the farthest, the lowest power, two of the highest duty-cycle pulsars seen, and only the fourth young gamma-ray pulsar with a radio interpulse. We discuss the biases existing in the current gamma-ray pulsar catalog, and steps to be taken to mitigate the bias. C1 [Hou, X.; Smith, D. A.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Guillemot, L.; Cognard, I.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Reimer, O.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Craig, H. A.; Reimer, O.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Espinoza, C. M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Johnston, S.; Shannon, R.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kramer, M.; Stappers, B. W.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Guillemot, L.; Cognard, I.] CNRS INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. RP Hou, X (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM xianhou.astro@gmail.com; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr; lucas.guillemot@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348 FU Commonwealth Government; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; Swift GI program [08-SWIFT508-0054] FX The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. We thank Jonathan Braine for useful discussions about the HI and CO maps used to constrain the DM distances. C.C.C. was supported in part by Swift GI program 08-SWIFT508-0054. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 570 AR A44 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424294 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AS3EE UT WOS:000344158500095 ER PT J AU Rue, JP Pickett, A AF Rue, John-Paul Pickett, Adam TI Meniscal Repair and Transplantation in the Military Active-duty Population SO CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Knee; Meniscal repair; Arthroscopy; Military ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; MEDIAL MENISCUS; FOLLOW-UP; ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; AVASCULAR ZONE; ACCELERATED REHABILITATION; ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION; FIBRIN CLOT; OUTSIDE-IN; INSIDE-OUT AB Meniscal tears are more commonly reported in active-duty US military service members than in civilian patient populations. This article presents an overview of meniscal tears as they pertain to the active-duty military population, beginning with the anatomy and biomechanics of the meniscus, types of meniscal tears, and indications for repair. The commonly used techniques for meniscal repair and the success rates and complication of each technique are discussed. The most commonly used technique by the senior author is described, as well as the role for meniscal transplant for treating postmeniscectomy patients in the active-duty military population. C1 [Rue, John-Paul] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rue, John-Paul] US Naval Acad, Naval Hlth Clin Annapolis, Dept Orthopaed & Sports Med, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pickett, Adam] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rue, JP (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Naval Hlth Clin Annapolis, Dept Orthopaed & Sports Med, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM john-paul.rue@med.navy.mil NR 62 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-5919 EI 1556-228X J9 CLIN SPORT MED JI Clin. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 641 EP + DI 10.1016/j.csm.2014.06.007 PG 14 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA AS7KJ UT WOS:000344434800008 PM 25280614 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Yager, RR AF Petry, Frederick E. Yager, Ronald R. TI Fuzzy Concept Hierarchies and Evidence Resolution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Congruence of decompositions; decomposition; evidence resolution; fuzzy hierarchy; granularity measure; overlap measure; partitioning ID PARTITIONS; DATABASES AB Evidence resolution has been studied previously for crisp hierarchies and here we develop approaches for fuzzy concept hierarchies. Since fuzzy hierarchies are characterized by decompositions of their domains as opposed to partitions, properties and measures of decompositions are developed. Fuzzy complete and partial evidence resolution is defined and related to the valuation of evidence. Finally a for-and-against analysis is developed for the selection of which concept to choose in the generalization. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Univ Alabama, Dept EECS, Huntsville, AL USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept EECS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Tulane Univ, Dept EECS, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Tulane Univ, Sch Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Natl Sci Fdn, Informat Sci Program, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] New York Acad Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; yager@panix.com FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N]; ONR [N000141010121] FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, Program Element 0602435N and ONR Grant Award N000141010121. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6706 EI 1941-0034 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1151 EP 1161 DI 10.1109/TFUZZ.2013.2286412 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AT2GK UT WOS:000344751200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Raffo, D Birkhltzer, T Houston, D Madachy, R Munch, J Sutton, SM AF Zhang, He Raffo, David Birkhltzer, Thomas Houston, Dan Madachy, Raymond Munch, Jurgen Sutton, Stanley M., Jr. TI Software process simulation-at a crossroads? SO JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS LA English DT Article DE software process; systems process; process modeling; software process simulation AB Software process simulation (SPS) has been evolving over the past two decades after being introduced to the software engineering community in the 1980s. At that time the SPS technology attracted a great deal of interest from both academics and practitioners in the software process communityeven to the extent of being one of the recommended techniques for achieving multiple Key Process Areas of Level 4 of the Capability Maturity Model Integration. However, in recent years, the growth of SPS seems to have slowed along with the number of reported applications in industry. This article summarizes the special panel that was held during ICSSP 2012 whose goals were to assess whether this technology remains applicable to today's software engineering projects and challenges and to point out the most beneficial opportunities for future research and industry application. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, He] Nanjing Univ, Software Inst, State Key Lab Novel Software Technol, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Raffo, David] Portland State Univ, Sch Business Adm, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Birkhltzer, Thomas] Univ Appl Sci, Constance, Germany. [Houston, Dan] Aerosp Corp, Comp & Software Div, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Madachy, Raymond] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Munch, Jurgen] Univ Helsinki, Dept Comp Sci, SF-00510 Helsinki, Finland. [Sutton, Stanley M., Jr.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Zhang, He] Nanjing Univ, Software Inst, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Software Inst, State Key Lab Novel Software Technol, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM he@software.nju.edu.cn NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2047-7473 EI 2047-7481 J9 J SOFTW-EVOL PROC JI J. Softw.-Evol. Proc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 26 IS 10 SI SI BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1002/smr.1694 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS3AR UT WOS:000344148200006 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Kretinin, AV Chen, YG Giannini, V Fogler, MM Francescato, Y Ellis, CT Tischler, JG Woods, CR Giles, AJ Hong, M Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Maier, SA Novoselov, KS AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Kretinin, Andrey V. Chen, Yiguo Giannini, Vincenzo Fogler, Michael M. Francescato, Yan Ellis, Chase T. Tischler, Joseph G. Woods, Colin R. Giles, Alexander J. Hong, Minghui Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Maier, Stefan A. Novoselov, Kostya S. TI Sub-diffractional volume-confined polaritons in the natural hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHONON POLARITONS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; METAMATERIALS; RESONANCE; INDEFINITE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES; ULTRAVIOLET; RESONATORS; PLASMONICS AB Strongly anisotropic media, where the principal components of the dielectric tensor have opposite signs, are called hyperbolic. Such materials exhibit unique nanophotonic properties enabled by the highly directional propagation of slow-light modes localized at deeply sub-diffractional length scales. While artificial hyperbolic metamaterials have been demonstrated, they suffer from high plasmonic losses and require complex nanofabrication, which in turn induces size-dependent limitations on optical confinement. The low-loss, mid-infrared, natural hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride is an attractive alternative. Here we report on three-dimensionally confined 'hyperbolic polaritons' in boron nitride nanocones that support four series (up to the seventh order) modes in two spectral bands. The resonant modes obey the predicted aspect ratio dependence and exhibit high-quality factors (Q up to 283) in the strong confinement regime (up to lambda/86). These observations assert hexagonal boron nitride as a promising platform for studying novel regimes of light-matter interactions and nanophotonic device engineering. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Tischler, Joseph G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kretinin, Andrey V.; Woods, Colin R.; Novoselov, Kostya S.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Chen, Yiguo; Giannini, Vincenzo; Francescato, Yan; Maier, Stefan A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chen, Yiguo; Hong, Minghui] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Fogler, Michael M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ellis, Chase T.; Giles, Alexander J.] NRL, NRC Postdoctoral Fellow, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Novoselov, Kostya/G-9581-2014; Kretinin, Andrey/L-5122-2013; TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Novoselov, Kostya/0000-0003-4972-5371; WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119 FU NRL Nanoscience Institute; NRC NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; EPSRC; Leverhulme Trust; National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Program (CRP Award) [NRF-CRP10-2012-04]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK); Royal Society (UK); European Research Council; EC-FET European Graphene Flagship; Office of Naval Research; University of California Office of the President FX Funding for NRL authors was provided by the NRL Nanoscience Institute. J.D.C. carried out this work through the NRL Long-Term Training (Sabbatical) Program at the University of Manchester. C. T. E. and A.J.G. acknowledge support from the NRC NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Y.F., S. A. M. and V. G. acknowledge support from EPSRC and Leverhulme Trust. Y.C. and M. H. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Program (CRP Award No. NRF-CRP10-2012-04). C. R. W., A. V. K. and K.S.N. acknowledge support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), The Royal Society (UK), European Research Council and EC-FET European Graphene Flagship. M. M. F. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research and the University of California Office of the President. J.D.C. would like to thank Dr Jeremy Robinson and Dr Igor Vurgaftman of NRL for helpful discussions and comments. NR 51 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 16 U2 107 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 AR 5221 DI 10.1038/ncomms6221 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0QQ UT WOS:000343983000002 PM 25323633 ER PT J AU Chavez, D Klapotke, TM Parrish, D Piercey, DG Stierstorfer, J AF Chavez, David Klapoetke, Thomas M. Parrish, Damon Piercey, Davin G. Stierstorfer, Joerg TI The Synthesis and Energetic Properties of 3,4-Bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylamino)furazan (BTNEDAF) SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Explosives; Furazans; Trinitroethyl; HEDM ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; SALTS AB Energetic furazan 3,4-bis(trinitroethylamino)furazan (BTNEDAF) was synthesized in 70% yield. BTNEDAF was characterized as an energetic material in terms of performance, mechanical sensitivity, and thermal stability. BTNEDAF was crystallized from various solvents resulting in multiple polymorphs with varying densities. Some of these polymorphs were characterized with respect to their sensitivity properties. Additionally, the performance of these different polymorphs were calculated using the EXPLO5 code. BTNEDAF was also characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and calorimetric experiments. C1 [Chavez, David; Piercey, Davin G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Piercey, Davin G.; Stierstorfer, Joerg] Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Klapoetke, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, UMD, CECD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parrish, Damon] US Navy, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov RI Stierstorfer, Joerg/B-5261-2015; Klapoetke, Thomas/B-6055-2014 OI Stierstorfer, Joerg/0000-0002-2105-1275; Klapoetke, Thomas/0000-0003-3276-1157 FU Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich (LMU); Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI); European Research Office (ERO) of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL); Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) [W911NF-09-2-0018, W911NF-09-1-0120, W011NF-09-1-0056]; Joint Munitions Technology Development Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX Financial support of this work by the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI), the European Research Office (ERO) of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) under contract nos. W911NF-09-2-0018, W911NF-09-1-0120 and W011NF-09-1-0056 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge collaborations with Dr. Mila Krupka (OZM Research, Czech Republic) in the development of new testing and evaluation methods for energetic materials and with Dr. Muhamed Sucesca (Brodarski Institute, Croatia) in the development of new computational codes to predict the detonation and propulsion parameters of novel explosives. We are indebted to and thank Drs. Betsy M. Rice and Brad Forch (ARL, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD). Stefan Huber is thanked for assistance with sensitivity measurements. The authors (D. E. C.) would also like to thank the Joint Munitions Technology Development Program for funding. D. E. C. would also like to thank Anna Giambra, Daniel Prestion, Mary Sandstrom, Jose Archuleta, Bettina Reardon, and Greg Long for performing the sensitivity characterization and testing. We (D. E. C. and D. A. P.) would also like to thank the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-11-AF-0-0002). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 IS 5 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1002/prep.201300135 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA AS0MD UT WOS:000343970200003 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Zhang, JA Smith, RK AF Montgomery, Michael T. Zhang, Jun A. Smith, Roger K. TI An analysis of the observed low-level structure of rapidly intensifying and mature hurricane Earl (2010) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; typhoons; conventional spin-up mechanism; boundary-layer spin-up mechanism; thermodynamic structure; surface enthalpy fluxes; GRIP ID EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; LAYER WIND STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; INNER-CORE; PART I; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; ISABEL 2003 AB We examine dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of Atlantic hurricane Earl (2010) during its intensification and mature phases over four days of intensive measurements. During this period, Earl underwent an episode of rapid intensification, maturity, secondary eyewall replacement, re-intensification and the early part of its decline. The observations are used to appraise elements of a new model for tropical-cyclone intensification. The results affirm the conventional (vortex interior) and boundary-layer spin-up mechanisms that form dynamical elements of the azimuthally averaged view of the new intensification model. The average maximum tangential winds beneath the eyewall are found to exceed the gradient wind by between 20 and 60%. The results suggest also that the gradient wind balance approximation in the low-level vortex interior above the strong inflow layer may not be as accurate in the inner-core region of a tropical cyclone during its intensification as has been widely held. An analysis of the low-level thermodynamic structure affirms the radial increase of moist equivalent potential temperature, (e), with decreasing radius during the intensification process, a necessary ingredient of the new model for maintaining convective instability in the presence of a warming upper troposphere. An unanticipated finding is the discovery of an unmixed boundary layer in terms of (e) within several hundred kilometres of the vortex centre. In the inner-core region, this finding is not consistent with the axisymmetric eruption of the boundary layer into the eyewall unless there are non-conservative (eddy) processes acting to modify the entropy of ascending air. C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Meteorol Inst, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU NSF [AGS-0733380]; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021, NNG09HG031]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Program (HFIP) FX We acknowledge NASA and Ramesh Kakar for their support of the GRIP experiment. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF AGS-0733380 and NASA grants NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021 and NNG09HG031. JAZ acknowledges the support from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Program (HFIP). We want to thank Sim Aberson and Sylvie Lorsolo for providing the radar composite data for each Earl flight. JAZ is grateful also to Robert Rogers and Paul Reasor for helpful discussions. Finally, we would like to thank Dave Raymond and Jonathan Vigh for their perceptive and constructive reviews. NR 69 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 684 BP 2132 EP 2146 DI 10.1002/qj.2283 PN A PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS6WN UT WOS:000344400200004 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Wijesekera, HW Jarosz, E Lugo-Fernandez, A Hallockc, ZR AF Teague, W. J. Wijesekera, H. W. Jarosz, E. Lugo-Fernandez, A. Hallockc, Z. R. TI Wavelet analysis of near-inertial currents at the East Flower Garden Bank SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE East Flower Garden Bank; Currents; Inertial Oscillations; Temperature/salinity; ADCP; Northwestern Gulf of Mexico (27-28N, 93-94W) ID TEXAS-LOUISIANA SHELF; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIME-SERIES; INNER SHELF; SEA-BREEZE; OSCILLATIONS; OCEAN; GULF; MOTIONS; DRIVEN AB Near-inertial currents (NICs) often dominate the mean circulation at the East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB), part of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. The EFGB, one of several submerged coral reefs, is located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, about 190 km southeast of Galveston, Texas. The bank is about 6 km wide in the east west direction and rises to within about 20 m from the surface. NICs near the EFGB are described using current data from 5 acoustic Doppler current profilers that were moored at the edges of the bank and on top of the bank for about a year. A wavelet analysis was used in order to better describe the nonstationarity of the NICs. NICs were strongest during spring and summer due to their near resonant response with sea breeze and the shallowness of the mixed layer, and exhibited a first-baroclinic-mode vertical structure. NICS were generally larger near the surface and extended to the bottom on the west side of the EFGB but only to within about 20 m of the bottom on the eastern side of the bank. NIC ellipses were nearly circular and rotated clockwise above the top of the EFGB but became flatter and aligned with the bathymetry with increasing depth; occasionally, on the eastern side of the bank, the NIC vectors rotated counterclockwise due to probable effects of lee vortices arising from the mean flow interacting with the bank. Most energy input by the wind at the surface was likely transferred downward through divergence of the meridional flow against the coastal boundary. The inertial currents were at times more energetic than the mean flow, and often accounted for more than 50% of the total current energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Teague, W. J.; Wijesekera, H. W.; Jarosz, E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lugo-Fernandez, A.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA. [Hallockc, Z. R.] NVis Solut Inc, Bay St Louis, MS 39520 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM William.Teague@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M10PG00038]; Office of Naval Research in a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [0601153N] FX This work was sponsored by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; formerly Minerals Management Service) in the project referred to as "Currents Over Banks (COB)" through Interagency Agreement No. M10PG00038 and by the Office of Naval Research in a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) project referred to as "Mixing Over Rough Topography (MORT)" under program element 0601153N. The measurements were made in cooperation with the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 88 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2014.06.013 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8TB UT WOS:000343846100005 ER PT J AU Cunha, JM Miller, T AF Cunha, Jesse M. Miller, Trey TI Measuring value-added in higher education: Possibilities and limitations in the use of administrative data SO ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Higher education; Value-added; Administrative data; Graduation; Persistence; Earnings ID COLLEGE; EARNINGS; UNIVERSITY; RETURNS AB This paper develops a general methodology for measuring the value added of institutions of higher education using commonly available administrative data. Our approach recognizes the data limitations and selection problems inherent in higher education, and highlights the challenges these issues pose for education policy. Combining information from different administrative sources in the state of Texas, we follow the universe of Texas college applicants from the time of application (pre-enrollment) through public college and into the labor market. In specifications that do not control for selection, we find large, significant differences across colleges in terms of persistence, graduation, and earnings; however, these differences decrease substantially when we control for selection. In light of the growing interest in using value-added measures in higher education for both funding and incentivizing purposes, our methodology offers unique evidence and lessons for policy makers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Cunha, Jesse M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Miller, Trey] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. RP Cunha, JM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd,Ingersoll Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jcunha@nps.edu; tmiller@rand.org NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0272-7757 EI 1873-7382 J9 ECON EDUC REV JI Econ. Educ. Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 42 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.06.001 PG 14 WC Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA AS2UZ UT WOS:000344136000006 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Yang, TC AF Liu, Zhiqiang Yang, T. C. TI On Overhead Reduction in Time-Reversed OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Channel shortening; error propagation (EP); maximum ratio combining (MRC); orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM); passive phase conjugation; time reversal; underwater acoustic communications (UWAC) ID SPARSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION; SYNCHRONIZATION AB In this paper, we present a system design for single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communications over underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. The design targets at improving bandwidth efficiency by reducing the amount of overheads (e. g., guard time intervals, training/pilot symbols) typically associated with SIMO-OFDM UWA communications. The design consists of three key components: 1) preamble-based parameter estimation that exploits full knowledge of the preamble; 2) time-reversal-based symbol detection that enables the use of short guard time intervals for interblock interference avoidance; and 3) decision-directed (DD) channel tracking with error propagation (EP) control that eliminates the need of periodic training for channel tracking. The proposed design is analyzed and tested at a seagoing experiment. The experimental results confirm the merits of our design and demonstrate considerable improvements over a competing alternative. C1 [Liu, Zhiqiang; Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, ZQ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zhiqiang@ieee.org; tsihyang@gmail.com FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). The experiment was supported by the Taiwan National Science Council. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 788 EP 800 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2285658 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AR9OI UT WOS:000343904000018 ER EF