FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Raj, RG Chen, VC Lipps, R AF Raj, R. G. Chen, V. C. Lipps, R. TI Analysis of radar human gait signatures SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LOCOMOTION; GRADE WALKING; LEVEL AB The authors develop methods for the time-frequency (TF) analysis of human gait radar signals. In particular the authors demonstrate how knowledge of different motion classes can be obtained via a Markov chain model of state transitions based on the TF envelope structure associated with the motion sequence being analysed. The class-conditional knowledge thus obtained allows us to effectively extract the motion curves associated with different body parts via a non-parametric partial tracking algorithm that is coupled with an optimum Gaussian g-Snake modelling of the TF structure. The optimum segmentation of the TF structure into different half-cycles as well as the determination of the initial Doppler control points (corresponding to each half-cycle) is facilitated by a dynamic programming algorithm wherein the associated cost function involves a mean-square minimisation of the best quadratic fit to each segment together with a sparsity prior that enables us to control the smoothness of the approximation space in which the time series being analysed is effectively projected. Finally, the authors describe some of the limitations of our approach and point out future research directions that can overcome some of the difficulties associated with the complex interaction between the inherently non-linear dynamics of human gait motion and radar systems. C1 [Raj, R. G.; Chen, V. C.; Lipps, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM raghu.raj@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2009.0072 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 617BU UT WOS:000279256600006 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA Massaro, F Siemiginowska, A Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Marshall, H Evans, D Perlman, E Gelbord, JM Lovell, JEJ Godfrey, L Bicknell, G Ojha, R Hardcastle, M Jester, S Jorstad, S Stawarz, L AF Schwartz, D. A. Massaro, F. Siemiginowska, A. Worrall, D. M. Birkinshaw, M. Marshall, H. Evans, D. Perlman, E. Gelbord, J. M. Lovell, J. E. J. Godfrey, L. Bicknell, G. Ojha, R. Hardcastle, M. Jester, S. Jorstad, S. Stawarz, L. TI MODELING X-RAY EMISSION OF A STRAIGHT JET: PKS 0920-397 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on High-Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows II CY OCT 26-30, 2009 CL Burnod Aires, ARGENTINA DE Quasar jets; X-ray jets; jet emission mechanisms ID INVERSE COMPTON; QUASAR JETS; RADIATION AB We summarize a study of PKS 0920-397 using our 42 ks Chandra observation in conjunction with our ATCA 20GHz image, and HST/ACS F814W and F475W images. We investigate the hypothesis that the jet X-ray emission is due to inverse-Compton ( IC) scattering on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the same population of relativistic electrons that give rise to the radio emission. To calculate parameters intrinsic to the source, one must finesse the fact that we do not know the true angle of the jet to our line of sight. Typical assumptions are that the Doppler factor equals the bulk Lorentz factor, or that the Lorentz factor takes some fixed numerical value. While giving useful estimates, neither assumption can be exact in general. We try different constraints to determine the jet quantities. It is plausible that the kinetic flux is constant along the jet, prior to a terminal hotspot or lobe, and with minimal bending of the jet. Alternatively, because PKS 0920-397 appears straight in projection on the sky, we might assume the jet maintains a constant angle to our line of sight. Either approach gives bulk Lorentz factors of 6 to 8, with kinetic energy flux of order 1046 erg s(-1), and with the jet at an angle 2 degrees to 4 degrees from our line of sight. C1 [Schwartz, D. A.; Massaro, F.; Siemiginowska, A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Div High Energy Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Marshall, H.; Evans, D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Perlman, E.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Gelbord, J. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lovell, J. E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Godfrey, L.; Bicknell, G.] Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Ojha, R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Hardcastle, M.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Jester, S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Jorstad, S.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Div High Energy Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM das@head.cfa.harvard.edu; fmassaro@head.cfa.harvard.edu; asiemiginowska@head.cfa.harvard.edu; d.worrall@bristol.ac.uk; Mark.Birkinshaw@bristol.ac.uk; hermanm@space.mit.edu; devans@space.mit.edu; eperlman@fit.edu; j.m.gelbord@durham.ac.uk; jim.lovell@utas.edu.au; lgodfrey@mso.anu.edu.au; geoff@mso.anu.edu.au; rojha@usno.navy.mil; m.j.hardcastle@herts.ac.uk; jester@mpia-hd.mpg.de; jorstad@bu.edu; stawarz@slac.stanford.edu RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Godfrey, Leith/B-5283-2013; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD JUN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 879 EP 885 DI 10.1142/S0218271810017147 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 615MU UT WOS:000279140200033 ER PT J AU Sherwood, JD AF Sherwood, John Darrell TI Not a Gentleman's War: An Inside View of Junior Officers in the Vietnam War. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Sherwood, John Darrell] USN, Hist & Heritage Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Sherwood, JD (reprint author), USN, Hist & Heritage Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 612SX UT WOS:000278924500126 ER PT J AU Budzevich, MM Landerville, AC Conroy, MW Lin, Y Oleynik, II White, CT AF Budzevich, M. M. Landerville, A. C. Conroy, M. W. Lin, Y. Oleynik, I. I. White, C. T. TI Hydrostatic and uniaxial compression studies of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene using density functional theory with van der Waals correction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; crystal structure; density functional theory; elastic moduli; elasticity; energy gap; equations of state; organic compounds; shear strength; van der Waals forces ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSION ENERGY COEFFICIENTS; SHEAR-INDUCED METALLIZATION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; DIPOLE PROPERTIES; BASIS-SET; CRYSTAL; HMX AB Hydrostatic and uniaxial compressions of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene were investigated using first-principles density functional theory with an empirical van der Waals correction. The equilibrium structural and elastic properties and the hydrostatic equation of state are in good agreement with available experimental data. Physical properties such as the principal stresses, shear stresses, band gap, and the change in energy per atom as a function of compression ratio V/V(0) in the directions normal to the (100), (010), (001),(110), (101), (011), and (111) crystallographic planes were calculated, showing highly anisotropic behavior under uniaxial compressions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3361407] C1 [Budzevich, M. M.; Landerville, A. C.; Conroy, M. W.; Lin, Y.; Oleynik, I. I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Budzevich, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM oleynik@usf.edu RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Army Research Office (ARO) through the Multi-University Research Initiative on Insensitive Munitions; ARO DURIP FX The work performed at the University of South Florida was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and partly by the Army Research Office (ARO) through the Multi-University Research Initiative on Insensitive Munitions. The work at NRL was supported by ONR both directly and through NRL. Calculations were performed using NSF Tera-Grid facilitie, USF Research Computing Cluster, and computational facilities of Materials Simulation Laboratory at the University of South Florida funded by ARO DURIP. We thank Professor Tommy Sewell for useful discussion. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 113524 DI 10.1063/1.3361407 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100047 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, S. Noor TI General hypothesis governing the growth of single-crystal nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth from vapour; drops; nanowires; semiconductor quantum wires ID LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OXIDE-ASSISTED GROWTH; CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; GAN NANOWIRES; GAAS NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; INAS NANOWIRES AB The growth and growth rates of single-crystal nanowires by vapor phase mechanisms have been studied. A hypothesis has been proposed, which lays down foundation for the nanowire growth. It redefines the basic concepts of droplets from seeds and describes the fundamental basis of the adhesive properties of droplets. A set of droplet characteristics has been defined, a model in the framework of the hypothesis has been developed, and theoretical calculations have been performed. Experiments have also been carried out. Close correspondences between the theoretical and the experimental results lend support for the hypothesis and the model. Additional experimental evidences quantify the validity of the hypothesis. The calculated results resolve conflicts and controversies. They address the roles of catalysts in the growth of single-crystal nanowires. They shed light on the basic differences in the growth of thin and thick nanowires. They elucidate possible relationship between eutectic temperature and activation energy in the vapor-liquid-solid growth. They provide ground rules that govern the relative supplies of constituent vapor species for the growth of compound semiconductor nanowires. They explain how the same alloyed droplet (e.g., Au/Ga) is activated differently under the influence of different nonmetal elements of different nanowires (for example, As of GaAs, P of GaP, and N of GaN). They demonstrate, for example, that the nanowire growth may be achieved by means that creates thermodynamic imbalance and nanopores inside the seeds at temperatures far below the seed's melting temperature. Alloying in the vapor-solid-liquid mechanism is one such means where growth of even thick nanowires (radius of r(D)>= 50 nm) is possible at temperatures far below the eutectic temperature. The hypothesis, is called the simple, novel, and malleable (SNM) hypothesis. This hypothesis, together with the model, appears to have solved the basic origin of the nanowire growth. It demonstrates that various vapor phase mechanisms are essentially different forms of one and only one mechanism. They differ only to the extent that different techniques are employed in different mechanisms to create molten/semimolten seeds for nanowire growths. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3311800] C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Sciencotech, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Sciencotech, 780 Girard St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com FU DTRA through U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0464] FX The research was supported by DTRA Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0464 through U.S. Army Research Office and monitored by Dr. Stephen Lee. Acknowledgments are due to Maoqi He for the experimental assistance, to Arif Khan for the computational assistance, and to Albert Davydov, Chip (Charles) Eddy, Jr., Pratul Ajmera, Ron Carter, and Fritz Kub for discussions and help. Constructive comments by the anonymous referees are greatly appreciated. NR 109 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 114304 DI 10.1063/1.3311800 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100125 ER PT J AU West, KG Nam, DNH Lu, JW Bassim, ND Picard, YN Stroud, RM Wolf, SA AF West, K. G. Nam, D. N. H. Lu, J. W. Bassim, N. D. Picard, Y. N. Stroud, R. M. Wolf, S. A. TI Exchange bias in a single phase ferrimagnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ferrimagnetic materials; magnetic hysteresis; magnetic thin films; ruthenium compounds ID ION-BEAM DEPOSITION; INVERTED HYSTERESIS; BILAYERS; NANOPARTICLES; ANISOTROPY AB We report on peculiar magnetic hysteresis behavior of Ru(0.25)Cr(0.75)O(2) thin films. We describe three unusual magnetic phenomena inherent to this material; (i) intrinsic positive exchange bias in a single phase epitaxial thin film ferrimagnet with the absence of a clear and distinct magnetic-magnetic interface, (ii) field modulation of the shifted M(H) loop along the field axis direction, and (iii) inverted hysteresis loops in which the overall area of the loop is nearly zero over the entire field cycle. These results can be understood within the context of a very unusual interface of the epitaxial film with the TiO(2) (001) substrate. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3374639] C1 [West, K. G.; Nam, D. N. H.; Lu, J. W.; Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [West, K. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bassim, N. D.; Picard, Y. N.; Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Picard, Y. N.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP West, KG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kevinwest@virginia.edu RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 FU UCR/DMEA [H94003-08-2-0803]; ONR/MURI [N00014-06-1-0428]; ARO/MURI [W911NF-08-2-0032] FX We thank Dr. J. Floro (University of Virginia), Dr. C. K. A. Mewes, K. Chetry, and Dr. W. H. Butler (University of Alabama) for many stimulating discussions. This work would not have been possible without financial support from UCR/DMEA under Grant No. H94003-08-2-0803, ONR/MURI under Grant No. N00014-06-1-0428, and ARO/MURI under Grant No. W911NF-08-2-0032. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 113915 DI 10.1063/1.3374639 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100096 ER PT J AU Laws, K Paduan, JD Vesecky, J AF Laws, Kenneth Paduan, Jeffrey D. Vesecky, John TI Estimation and Assessment of Errors Related to Antenna Pattern Distortion in CODAR SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar Ocean Current Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HF RADAR AB A simulation-based investigation of errors in HF radar-derived, near-surface ocean current measurements is presented. The simulation model is specific to Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR) SeaSonde radar systems that employ a compact, collocated antenna geometry. In this study, radial current retrievals are obtained by processing simulated data using unmodified CODAR data processing software. To avoid limiting the results to specific ocean current and wind wave scenarios, the analyses employ large ensembles of randomly varying simulated environmental conditions. The effect of antenna pattern distortion on the accuracy of retrievals is investigated using 40 different antenna sensitivity patterns of varying levels of distortion. A single parameter is derived to describe the level of the antenna pattern distortion. This parameter is found to be highly correlated with the rms error of the simulated radial currents (r = 0.94) and therefore can be used as a basis for evaluating the severity of site-specific antenna pattern distortions. Ensemble averages of the subperiod simulated current retrieval standard deviations are found to be highly correlated with the antenna pattern distortion parameter (r = 0.92). Simulations without distortions of the antenna pattern indicate that an rms radial current error of 2.9 cm s (1) is a minimum bound on the error of a SeaSonde ocean radar system, given a typical set of operating parameters and a generalized ensemble of ocean conditions. C1 [Laws, Kenneth] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Laws, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kip@soe.ucsc.edu RI Laws, Keith/E-4173-2010 FU National Science Foundation [0526978, 0526614] FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation for supporting this project under Grants 0526978 and 0526614. The authors also thank Dr. Annalisa Griffa for providing consultation on this project and its application to data assimilation; both Annalisa Griffa and Dr. GianPietro Gasparini for hosting Kenneth Laws at the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), La Spezia during the scope of this project; Brian Emery and Brian Zelenke for sharing SCCOOS antenna pattern data and to Dan Atwater for sharing CeNCOOS antenna pattern data; and Don Barrick for providing an early release of CODAR software for this study. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1043 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO658.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 615AR UT WOS:000279103600007 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE Finette, S AF Shen, Colin Y. Evans, Thomas E. Finette, Steven TI Polynomial Chaos Quantification of the Growth of Uncertainty Investigated with a Lorenz Model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; DYNAMICS AB A time-dependent physical model whose initial condition is only approximately known can predict the evolving physical state to only within certain error bounds. In the prediction of weather, as well as its ocean counterpart, quantifying this uncertainty or the predictability is of critical importance because such quantitative knowledge is needed to provide limits on the forecast accuracy. Monte Carlo simulation, the accepted standard for uncertainty determination, is impractical to apply to the atmospheric and ocean models, particularly in an operational setting, because of these models' high degrees of freedom and computational demands. Instead, methods developed in the literature have relied on a limited ensemble of simulations, selected from initial errors that are likely to have grown the most at the forecast time. In this paper, the authors present an alternative approach, the polynomial chaos method, to the quantification of the growth of uncertainty. The method seeks to express the initial errors in functional form in terms of stochastic basis expansions and solve for the uncertainty growth directly from the equations of motion. It is shown via a Lorenz model that the resulting solution can provide all the error statistics as in Monte Carlo simulation but requires much less computation. Moreover, it is shown that the functional form of the solution facilitates the uncertainty analysis. This is discussed in detail for the tangent linear case of interest to ensemble forecasting. The relevance of the uncertainty covariance result to data assimilation is also noted. C1 [Shen, Colin Y.; Evans, Thomas E.; Finette, Steven] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.shen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is a contribution to the Advanced Research Initiative, Acoustic Field Uncertainty, at the Naval Research Laboratory, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1071 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO727.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 615AR UT WOS:000279103600009 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI A Conserved Minimal Adjustment Scheme for Stabilization of Hydrographic Profiles SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; MODEL AB Ocean (T, S) data analysis/assimilation, conducted in the three-dimensional physical space, is a generalized average of purely observed data (data analysis) or of modeled/observed data (data assimilation). Because of the high nonlinearity of the equation of the state of the seawater and nonuniform vertical distribution of the observational profile data, false static instability may be generated. A new analytical conserved adjustment scheme has been developed on the base of conservation of heat, salt, and static stability for the whole water column with predetermined (T, S) adjustment ratios. A set of well-posed combined linear and nonlinear algebraic equations has been established and is solved using Newton's method. This new scheme can be used for ocean hydrographic data analysis and data assimilation. C1 [Chu, Peter C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, NOAP Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, NOAP Lab, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Oceanographic Office; Naval Postgraduate School FX The Office of Naval Research, the Naval Oceanographic Office, and the Naval Postgraduate School supported this study. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1083 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHO742.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 615AR UT WOS:000279103600010 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Shinoda, T Qian, TT Han, WQ Roundy, P Zheng, YX AF Lin, Jia-Lin Shinoda, Toshiaki Qian, Taotao Han, Weiqing Roundy, Paul Zheng, Yangxing TI Intraseasonal Variation of Winter Precipitation over the Western United States Simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXTRATROPICAL 40-DAY OSCILLATION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; WAVELET ANALYSIS; BOREAL SUMMER; LIFE-CYCLES; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY AB This study evaluates the intraseasonal variation of winter precipitation over the western United States in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. The focus is on the two dominant intraseasonal modes for the western U. S. precipitation: the 40-day mode and the 22-day mode. The results show that the models tend to overestimate the northern winter (November-April) seasonal mean precipitation over the western United States and Canada. The models also tend to produce overly strong intraseasonal variability in western U. S. wintertime precipitation, in spite of the overly weak tropical intraseasonal variability in most of the models. All models capture both the 40-day mode and the 22-day mode, usually with overly large variances. For the 40-day mode, models tend to reproduce its deep barotropic vertical structure and three-cell horizontal structure, but only 5 of the 14 models capture its northward propagation, and only 2 models simulate its teleconnection with the Madden-Julian oscillation in the tropical Pacific. For the 22-day mode, 8 of the 14 models reproduce its coherent northward propagation, and 9 models capture its teleconnection with precipitation in the tropical Pacific. C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin; Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roundy, Paul] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Zheng, Yangxing] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.789@osu.edu RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NASA; NSF [ATM-0745872, OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897]; NOAA; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX Gary Russell kindly provided a detailed description of the GISS-AOM model. We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. J. L. Lin was supported by the NASA MAP Program and NSF Grant ATM-0745872. T. Shinoda was supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046 and ATM-0745897, the NOAA CPO/CVP program, and the 6.1 project Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 BP 3094 EP 3119 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2991.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 611AR UT WOS:000278783300018 ER PT J AU Washington, C Metzgar, D Hazbon, MH Binn, L Lyons, A Coward, C Kuschner, R AF Washington, Cicely Metzgar, David Hazbon, Manzour Hernando Binn, Leonard Lyons, Arthur Coward, Carl Kuschner, Robert TI Multiplexed Luminex xMAP Assay for Detection and Identification of Five Adenovirus Serotypes Associated with Epidemics of Respiratory Disease in Adults SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; US MILITARY RECRUITS; YOUNG-ADULTS; INFECTIONS; COINFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; HEALTHY; ILLNESS; PANEL AB Several serotypes of human adenovirus (HAdV) cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) among healthy adults, sometimes generating broad outbreaks with high attack rates and occasional fatalities. Timely serotype identification provides valuable epidemiological information and significantly contributes to prevention (vaccination) strategies. The prevalence of specific serotypes causing ARD varies geographically. HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-21 are the serotypes most commonly found in adult populations in the Western Hemisphere. Unfortunately, conventional serotype identification is a tedious process which can take a week or longer. For this reason, new molecular methods for serotype identification are needed. Commercially available rapid antigen and PCR assays for the detection of HAdV are universal but do not distinguish between the different serotypes. We describe the development of a sensitive and specific multiplex assay capable of identifying serotypes 3, 4, 7, 14, and 21. Two sets of primers were used for nonspecific (universal) PCR amplification, and serotype-specific probes coupled to Luminex tags were used for target-specific extension (TSE). PCR and TSE primers were designed using known hexon gene sequences of HAdV. The TSE products of HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-21 were correctly identified using the Luminex xMAP fluid microsphere-based array system. No cross-reactivity with other respiratory pathogens or other HAdV serotypes was observed. This multiplexed assay can be expanded to include more serotypes and will allow broad and rapid detection and identification of adenoviral serotypes in a high-throughput environment. C1 [Washington, Cicely; Hazbon, Manzour Hernando; Binn, Leonard; Lyons, Arthur; Coward, Carl; Kuschner, Robert] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Washington, C (reprint author), 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Cicely.Washington@us.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center under WRAIR protocol [1566] FX This work is supported by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center under WRAIR protocol 1566. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2217 EP 2222 DI 10.1128/JCM.00029-10 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 602DG UT WOS:000278118100034 PM 20410343 ER PT J AU Bernotavicius, CS Chiu, CS Miller, CW Reeder, DB Wei, RC Yang, YJ Chiu, L AF Bernotavicius, Christopher S. Chiu, Ching-Sang Miller, Christopher W. Reeder, D. Benjamin Wei, Ruey-Chang Yang, Ying-Jang Chiu, Linus TI MODELING THE BASIC ARRIVAL STRUCTURE OF A 400 Hz ACOUSTIC PULSE THROUGH THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BASIN SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic propagation model; basin transmission; ray acoustics ID PROPAGATION; SOLITONS AB As part of the Windy Island Soliton Experiment (WISE), a sound source and a receiver were moored on two deep-water moorings, 167-km apart, in the northeastern South China Sea basin. The source transmitted phase-modulated acoustic signals with a carrier frequency of 400 Hz for approximately one year. The receptions thus captured the multi-scale variability in the signal transmissions induced by the ocean mesoscale variability and the progression of the transbasin ocean internal tides and waves. A numerical two-dimensional acoustic propagation model based on Hamiltonian ray tracing is utilized to replicate the observed basic arrival structure and transmission loss. Being able to accurately model the basic arrival structure is a necessary first step before modeling the observed variability can be attempted. The comparison of the modeled arrival structure with the actual data is utilized to refine the angular resolution of the ray fan in the model, to estimate the geoacoustic properties of the bottom, and to develop transmission loss estimates. Transmission loss measurements obtained from several sonobuoys deployed along the transmission path are used as an independent metric to evaluate the model. C1 [Bernotavicius, Christopher S.; Chiu, Ching-Sang; Miller, Christopher W.; Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wei, Ruey-Chang] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Appl Marine Phys & Undersea Technol, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Yang, Ying-Jang] Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chiu, Linus] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chiu, CS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chiu@nps.edu OI Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 FU US Office of Naval Research; Taiwan National Science Council FX We would like to thank the scientists, technicians, students and crewmembers who have participated in the data collection effort. We acknowledge and appreciate the joint sponsorship by the US Office of Naval Research and the Taiwan National Science Council for this collaborative research. We would also like to thank the two reviewers for their thoroughness and constructive comments. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1142/S0218396X10004103 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 611ON UT WOS:000278827100006 ER PT J AU Colombant, D Manheimer, W AF Colombant, Denis Manheimer, Wallace TI Numerical fluid solutions for nonlocal electron transport in hot plasmas: Equivalent diffusion versus nonlocal source SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nonlocal electron transport; Equivalent diffusion; Krook model; Implicit-explicit diffusion algorithm; Numerical stability ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; MODEL AB Flux limitation and preheat are important processes in electron transport occurring in laser produced plasmas. The proper calculation of both of these has been a subject receiving much attention over the entire lifetime of the laser fusion project. Where nonlocal transport (instead of simple single flux limit) has been modeled, it has always been with what we denote the equivalent diffusion solution, namely treating the transport as only a diffusion process. We introduce here a new approach called the nonlocal source solution and show it is numerically viable for laser produced plasmas. It turns out that the equivalent diffusion solution generally underestimates preheat. Furthermore, the advance of the temperature front, and especially the preheat, can be held up by artificial 'thermal barriers'. The nonlocal source method of solution, on the other hand more accurately describes preheat and can stably calculate the solution for the temperature even if the heat flux is up the gradient. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Colombant, Denis; Manheimer, Wallace] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colombant, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM denis.colombant@nrl.navy.mil FU US DOE/NNSA FX This work was supported by US DOE/NNSA. We would like to thank Dr. Steven Obenschain both for his continued support and encouragement, and for suggesting to us that we examine the equivalent diffusion model and see whether one can avoid using it. Also we thank Dr. Michel Busquet for helpful discussions. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 11 BP 4369 EP 4381 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.02.017 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 586PD UT WOS:000276922100020 ER PT J AU Basset, G Xu, Y Yakimenko, OA AF Basset, G. Xu, Y. Yakimenko, O. A. TI Computing short-time aircraft maneuvers using direct methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DIRECT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD; COSTATE ESTIMATION AB This paper analyzes the applicability of direct methods to design optimal short-term spatial maneuvers for an unmanned vehicle in a faster than real-time scale. It starts by introducing different basic control schemes, which employ online trajectory generation. Next, it presents and analyzes the results obtained through two recently developed direct transcription (collocation) methods: the Gauss pseudospec-tral method and the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto pseudosp ectral method. The achieved results are further compared with those found through the Pontryagin's Maximum (Minimum) Principle, and the paper continues by providing another set of direct method simulations incorporating more realistic boundary conditions. Finally, the results obtained using the third direct method, based on inverse dynamics in the virtual domain, are presented and discussed. C1 [Basset, G.; Xu, Y.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Yakimenko, O. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Basset, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1064-2307 J9 J COMPUT SYS SC INT+ JI J. Comput. Syst. Sci. Int. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 481 EP 513 DI 10.1134/S1064230710030159 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 616SI UT WOS:000279228700014 ER PT J AU Chervin, CN Lubers, AM Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Chervin, Christopher N. Lubers, Alia M. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Effect of temperature and atmosphere on the conductivity and electrochemical capacitance of single-unit-thick ruthenium dioxide SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ruthenia; Electrode; Capacitance; Pseudocapacitance; RuO(2); Nanoscale coatings; Fuel cell ID ELECTRODE MATERIAL; HYDROUS RUO2; OXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; SUPERCAPACITORS; NANOSCALE; STORAGE; STATE AB Wrapping a monoparticulate layer of 2-3-nm RuO(2) around the fibers comprising porous SiO(2) filter paper produces a conductive nanoshell in which similar to 90% of the RuO(2) units are surface-sited, creating the equivalent of a supported single-unit layer of the oxide. The room temperature electronic conductivity, normalized for the dimensions of the total RuO(2)(SiO(2)) object, increases with calcination temperature reaching a maximum of 830 mS cm(-1) for a 200 degrees C-calcined paper, and then sharply decreases at higher temperatures as the nanoparticles in the ultrathin RuO(2) shell ripen and disrupt the connectivity. The calcination temperature also influences the electrochemical capacitance, which is optimized at 150 degrees C with a RuO(2)-normalized specific capacitance of 850 F g(-1). Calcining the RuO(2)(SiO(2)) papers to temperatures >= 250 degrees C reduces the electrochemical capacitance due to structural ordering and ripening of the RuO(2) nanoparticles composing the coating. The electrochemical capacitance and the magnitude of the electronic conductivity of the RuO(2)(SiO(2)) paper are unaffected by exposure to air, humidified air. Ar, humidified Ar, or methanol-saturated Ar at 25 degrees C. Exposing the papers at room temperature to either pure H(2) or humidified H(2) significantly reduces the pseudocapacitance and electronic conductivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms reduction of the RuO(2) to Ru and scanning electron microscopy demonstrates shrinkage-induced stress cracking and disruption of the H(2)-reacted nanoscale coating. These results indicate that the RuO(2)(SiO(2)) architecture can serve as a rugged, inexpensive, and conductive gas-diffusion scaffold for the design of a carbon- and ionomer-free anode for direct methanol fuel cells. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chervin, Christopher N.; Lubers, Alia M.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. C.N.C. (2006-2009) is an NRC-NRL postdoctoral associate; A.M.L. thanks Carnegie Mellon University for permission to extend her undergraduate internship at the NRL to one year (2008). NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 644 IS 2 SI SI BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.01.002 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 615AE UT WOS:000279100400010 ER PT J AU Markunas, JK Almeida, LA Jacobs, RN Pellegrino, J Qadri, SB Mahadik, N Sanghera, J AF Markunas, J. K. Almeida, L. A. Jacobs, R. N. Pellegrino, J. Qadri, S. B. Mahadik, N. Sanghera, J. TI X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Improved Bulk-Grown CdZnTe(211) and Its Comparison with Epitaxially Grown CdTe Buffer Layers on Si and Ge Substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XIII) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Oglebay, WV SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, FEI, Semilab, Quantum Focus, Off Naval Res, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off DE CdZnTe; HgCdTe; CdTe; x-ray topography; x-ray diffraction; infrared ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED DETECTORS AB Large-area high-quality Hg(1-x) Cd (x) Te sensing layers for infrared imaging in the 8 mu m to 12 mu m spectral region are typically grown on bulk Cd(1-x) Zn (x) Te substrates. Alternatively, epitaxial CdTe grown on Si or Ge has been used as a buffer layer for high-quality epitaxial HgCdTe growth. In this paper, x-ray topographs and rocking-curve full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) data will be presented for recent high-quality bulk CdZnTe grown by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) method, previous bulk CdZnTe grown by the vertical Bridgman technique, epitaxial CdTe buffer layers on Si and Ge, and a HgCdTe layer epitaxially grown on bulk VGF CdZnTe. C1 [Markunas, J. K.; Almeida, L. A.; Jacobs, R. N.; Pellegrino, J.] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Qadri, S. B.; Mahadik, N.; Sanghera, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markunas, JK (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM justin.markunas@nvl.army.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 738 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1127-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 596UW UT WOS:000277712000024 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Picard, YN Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR Mastro, MA Holm, RT Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Twigg, M. E. Picard, Y. N. Caldwell, J. D. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Mastro, M. A. Holm, R. T. Neudeck, P. G. Trunek, A. J. Powell, J. A. TI Diffraction Contrast of Threading Dislocations in GaN and 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers Using Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XIII) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Oglebay, WV SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, FEI, Semilab, Quantum Focus, Off Naval Res, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off DE Dislocations; gallium nitride; silicon carbide; scanning electron microscopy; electron channeling; electron diffraction ID SURFACE AB Forescattered electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) offers the potential for imaging and analyzing extended defects in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Indeed, it is shown that ECCI is able to determine the Burgers vector of threading dislocations with the aid of carefully determined experimental parameters and accompanying image simulations. Simulations are compared with ECC images from samples with features that are relatively easily studied and modeled: those based on specially engineered 4H-SiC mesa substrates. These mesas serve as substrates for both homoepitaxial 4H-SiC layers and heteroepitaxial GaN layers in which images of threading dislocations (TDs) have been recorded using ECCI and found to strongly resemble diffraction contrast simulations of TD intensity profiles. C1 [Twigg, M. E.; Picard, Y. N.; Caldwell, J. D.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Mastro, M. A.; Holm, R. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Picard, Y. N.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Neudeck, P. G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Trunek, A. J.] OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Powell, J. A.] Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 743 EP 746 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1143-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 596UW UT WOS:000277712000025 ER PT J AU Giles, AJ Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Hull, BA Mahadik, NA Glembocki, OJ Hobart, KD Liu, KX AF Giles, A. J. Caldwell, J. D. Stahlbush, R. E. Hull, B. A. Mahadik, N. A. Glembocki, O. J. Hobart, K. D. Liu, K. X. TI Electroluminescence Spectral Imaging of Extended Defects in 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XIII) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Oglebay, WV SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, FEI, Semilab, Quantum Focus, Off Naval Res, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off DE Silicon carbide; stacking fault; partial dislocation; green electroluminescence; spectrally selective; voltage drift; carbon-core ID STACKING-FAULTS; DISLOCATIONS AB To understand the nature of various extended defects and their impact on the electronic or optoelectronic characteristics of semiconductor devices, the investigation of spectral properties is required. However, electroluminescence spectroscopy does not provide spatial or structural information. The lack of such information can lead to incorrect assignment of a luminescence band and therefore misinterpretation of the nature of the emitting defect. Here we report on the collection and analysis of real-color and spectrally selective monochromatic electroluminescence (EL) images from 4H-SiC PiN diodes. The former provides the approximate spectral properties from the color of the various defects with high spatial resolution, while the latter enables simultaneous collection of both structural and spectral properties from extended defects, thereby assisting in providing the correct assignment of the various spectral features observed. This effort enabled the observation of the formation of a green EL emission located at C-core partial dislocations (PDs) that occurred during the stacking fault (SF) expansion process. C1 [Giles, A. J.] Univ N Carolina, Nanoscale Sci Grad Program, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Caldwell, J. D.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Mahadik, N. A.; Glembocki, O. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Liu, K. X.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hull, B. A.] Cree Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Giles, AJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Nanoscale Sci Grad Program, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM Joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1109-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 596UW UT WOS:000277712000032 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A. Qadri, S. B. Wu, Dong Ho TI Effects of Crystal-Induced Optical Incoherence in Electro-Optic Field Sensors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XIII) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Oglebay, WV SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, FEI, Semilab, Quantum Focus, Off Naval Res, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off DE Electro-optic; sensors; phase; coherence AB Electro-optic (EO) sensors, used for the nonperturbative detection of electric fields, are strongly influenced by inhomogeneities and deviations of birefringence within the nonlinear crystal. These effects can reduce optical phase coherence in the probe beam, reducing sensor responsivity. The effect is most pronounced in photorefractive materials, where distributions of birefringence are likely to occur. Our analysis suggests that a standard deviation of birefringence as little as 10(-4) can reduce sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. This indicates that optically stable materials with low photorefractivity and low birefringence are ideally suited for EO sensor applications. C1 [Garzarella, A.; Qadri, S. B.; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tony.garzarella@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 811 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1103-x PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 596UW UT WOS:000277712000038 ER PT J AU Burke, AA Carreiro, LG Urian, RC AF Burke, A. Alan Carreiro, Louis G. Urian, R. Craig TI Results Using Processed Acetylene Fuel Stream in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cathodes; solid oxide fuel cells ID VEHICLES AB Preliminary results indicate that acetylene and hydrogen peroxide are viable reactants for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. Acetylene was hydrogenated and reformed to a suitable feed at the anode while hydrogen peroxide was decomposed to provide oxygen to the cathode. Roughly 45% fuel and oxidant utilization were demonstrated on a SOFC stack manufactured by Delphi Corporation (Troy, MI). These reactants offer high energy storage as well as an entirely self-contained power system with no exhaust streams. Such attributes are favorable for undersea vehicles and perhaps other applications that require a self-contained or air-independent power system. C1 [Burke, A. Alan; Carreiro, Louis G.; Urian, R. Craig] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Burke, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St,Bldg 1302-1, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM adrian.burke@navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 AR 034502 DI 10.1115/1.3211102 PG 3 GA 571KW UT WOS:000275751700024 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Burkhard, M Kuwano, S Fujita, T Chen, MW AF Dutta, I. Burkhard, M. Kuwano, S. Fujita, T. Chen, M. W. TI Correlation between surface whisker growth and interfacial precipitation in aluminum thin films on silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AL METALLIZATION; HILLOCK FORMATION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; EPITAXIAL REGROWTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE SI; TIN WHISKERS; LAYERS AB When subjected to thermal excursions, aluminum thin films on silicon substrates often show whisker or hillock growth on the film surface, along with formation of Si precipitates at the interface. This study demonstrates that the two effects are related, and that interfacial Si precipitation directly influences the growth of Al whiskers on the film surface during isothermal annealing at 300-550 A degrees C. The density of whiskers and hillocks not only increases with increasing annealing temperatures where the film is under greater compressive stress, but also during longer hold times which should relieve the stress. At high temperatures and long annealing times, extensive Si precipitation, eventually leading to a bi-modal precipitate size distribution, occurs continuously at the interface. The total amount of Si precipitates far exceeds the solubility limit of Si in the Al thin film, and can generate enough compressive stress in the film to drive surface whisker growth. By continuously augmenting film stress, interfacial Si precipitation supplies the driving force for whisker/hillock formation on the Al-film surface. C1 [Dutta, I.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Burkhard, M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kuwano, S.; Fujita, T.; Chen, M. W.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM idutta@wsu.edu RI Fujita, Takeshi/B-1867-2009; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Fujita, Takeshi/0000-0002-2318-0433; Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0513874] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMR 0513874). NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3367 EP 3374 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4359-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 582PD UT WOS:000276609000031 ER PT J AU Gottshall, KR Hoffer, ME AF Gottshall, Kim R. Hoffer, Michael E. TI Tracking Recovery of Vestibular Function in Individuals With Blast-Induced Head Trauma Using Vestibular-Visual-Cognitive Interaction Tests SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGIC PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE concussion; traumatic brain injury; balance AB Background and Purpose: Traumatic brain injury secondary to blast exposure is a significant international concern and a growing rehabilitation issue. Our objective was to determine whether a novel battery of vestibular-visual-cognitive interaction tests provides objective data to document functioning, and the changes in functioning associated with vestibular physical therapy (VPT) treatment, in individuals with blast-induced balance disorder. Methods: Eighty-two individuals with blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury were evaluated at baseline using a set of vestibular-visual-cognitive tests. Testing was repeated at 4-week intervals after beginning VPT. The tests included static visual acuity, perception time, target acquisition, target following (TF), dynamic visual acuity (DVA), and gaze stabilization tests. The VPT program consisted of exercise procedures that targeted the vestibulo-ocular reflex, cervico-ocular reflex, and depth perception. Somatosensory balance exercises, dynamic gait, and aerobic function exercises were also included. Participants attended VPT twice weekly for 1-hour appointments and were instructed to perform the exercises at home on other days. Mean test values were determined and compared with normative values previously collected in our laboratory from individuals without vestibular dysfunction. Results: Mean participant pre-VPT measures for perception time and target acquisition were similar to normative values, and there was no significant change in these measures. Initially, TF and DVA scores were below normative levels but returned to normative levels after 8 weeks of VPT. Gaze stabilization scores were below normative levels pre-VPT but improved by the time of the week 8 evaluation. Conclusions: This battery of vestibular-visual-cognitive tests seems to be reasonable to establish initial status and to evaluate participant progress associated with participation in VPT. Our data suggest meaningful improvement in TF and DVA after 8 weeks of treatment. A treatment period of 12 weeks or longer may be required for gaze stabilization scores to return to normative values. C1 [Gottshall, Kim R.; Hoffer, Michael E.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gottshall, KR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM Kim.gottshall@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1557-0576 J9 J NEUROL PHYS THER JI J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181dead12 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA V21PD UT WOS:000208218600008 PM 20588095 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, Peter C. TI Observational Studies on Association between Eastward Equatorial Jet and Indian Ocean Dipole SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Eastward equatorial jet; empirical orthogonal function; Indian Ocean dipole; optimal spectral decomposition; OSCAR data; dipole pattern of lag-correlation AB Association between weakening/strengthening of the eastward equatorial jet (EEJ) in both seasons and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) was investigated using two independent observational datasets (October 1992 to September 2007): (a) the dipole mode index 1(0 and (b) the 5-day Ocean Surface Current Analyses-Realtime (OSCAR) obtained from satellite altimetry and scatterometer data, which has strong seasonal variability, with the EEJ occurrence in spring and fall, shown from the time-longitude cross-section of equatorial zonal velocity (1 degrees S-1 degrees N). The association is detected in two ways. First, time series of averaged zonal velocity over(1 degrees S-1 degrees N, 42 degrees E-100 degrees E) U(t) shows a close association to the dipole mode index: positive IOD events (1994, 1997, 2006) correspond to negative U (westward equatorial current), and negative IOD events (1994, 1995, 1999, 2005) correspond to positive U (eastward equatorial current). Second, the EEJ weakening/strengthening is represented by the streamfunction anomaly relative to its climatological monthly mean fields. The streamfunction anomaly is further analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The first EOF mode accounts for 55% of the variance with corresponding principal component A((1))(t) showing evident pattern of EEJ strengthening and weakening. The correlation coefficient between I(t) and A((1))(t) is around 0.49. This may confirm the linkage in some sense (only EOF-1 considered) between the positive (negative) IOD events and the weakening (strengthening) of the EEJ. The dipole pattern of lag-correlation between the sea surface temperature anomaly and U confirms the connection between the EEJ weakening/strengthening and the LOD events. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Naval Oceanographic Office, and Naval Postgraduate School FX The author would like to thank Chenwu Fan and Yu-Heng Kuo for invaluable comments and computational assistance, NOAA for OSCAR and SST data, and Ocean Observations Panel for Climate for the DMI index data. The Office of Naval Research, Naval Oceanographic Office, and Naval Postgraduate School sponsored this research. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 3 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 587WH UT WOS:000277025300011 ER PT J AU Rendon, RG Snider, KF AF Rendon, Rene G. Snider, Keith F. TI Supply management in American public administration: Towards an academic discipline? SO JOURNAL OF PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Supply management; Public administration; Public policy; Public interest AB This article examines the development of supply management in the U.S. to assess its progress towards academic disciplinary status. A comparison of the fields of business administration and public administration indicates that supply management is more developed in the former than in the latter, which inhibits its disciplinary status. Various reasons for this uneven development in the two fields are explored. The paper argues that a paradigm shift must occur for public supply management, which will re-orient it around the concept of the public interest. This will require public supply professionals to participate strategically in public policy-making in order to ascertain and promote the public interest. A policy framework is used to illustrate this re-orientation and to suggest directions for further research. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rendon, Rene G.; Snider, Keith F.] USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rgrendon@nps.edu; ksnider@nps.edu NR 91 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-4092 EI 1873-6505 J9 J PURCH SUPPLY MANAG JI J. Purch. Supply Manag. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.pursup.2010.03.009 PG 10 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 672SK UT WOS:000283607000005 ER PT J AU Wheeler, B AF Wheeler, Brannon TI The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'an SO JOURNAL OF SHIA ISLAMIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wheeler, Brannon] USN Acad, Ctr Middle E & Islamic Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Ctr Middle E & Islamic Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAMIC COLL ADVANCED STUDIES-ICAS PI LONDON PA ISLAMIC COLL, 133 HIGH RD, LONDON, WILLESDEN NW10 2SW, ENGLAND SN 1748-9423 J9 J SHIA ISLAM STUD JI J. Shia Islam. Stud PD SUM PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 341 EP 343 PG 3 WC Religion SC Religion GA 659LG UT WOS:000282567400006 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, Tom TI Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Brennan, Tom] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE MASON UNIV PI FAIRFAX PA DEPT HISTORY & ART HISTORY, CENTER HISTORY & NEW MEDIA, 4400 UNIVERSITY DR, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SUM PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1068 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 615KJ UT WOS:000279133900012 ER PT J AU Williams, KL Kargl, SG Thorsos, EI Burnett, DS Lopes, JL Zampolli, M Marston, PL AF Williams, Kevin L. Kargl, Steven G. Thorsos, Eric I. Burnett, David S. Lopes, Joseph L. Zampolli, Mario Marston, Philip L. TI Acoustic scattering from a solid aluminum cylinder in contact with a sand sediment: Measurements, modeling, and interpretation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic wave scattering; finite element analysis; Green's function methods; sand; sediments; shapes (structures); structural acoustics; underwater sound; vibrations ID BACKSCATTERING ENHANCEMENTS; RAYLEIGH-WAVES; WATER; SURFACE; APPROXIMATE; OBJECTS; SHELLS AB Understanding acoustic scattering from objects placed on the interface between two media requires incorporation of scattering off the interface. Here, this class of problems is studied in the particular context of a 61 cm long, 30.5 cm diameter solid aluminum cylinder placed on a flattened sand interface. Experimental results are presented for the monostatic scattering from this cylinder for azimuthal scattering angles from 0 degrees to 90 degrees and frequencies from 1 to 30 kHz. In addition, synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) processing is carried out. Next, details seen within these experimental results are explained using insight derived from physical acoustics. Subsequently, target strength results are compared to finite-element (FE) calculations. The simplest calculation assumes that the source and receiver are at infinity and uses the FE result for the cylinder in free space along with image cylinders for approximating the target/interface interaction. Then the effect of finite geometries and inclusion of a more complete Green's function for the target/interface interaction is examined. These first two calculations use the axial symmetry of the cylinder in carrying out the analysis. Finally, the results from a three dimensional FE analysis are presented and compared to both the experiment and the axially symmetric calculations. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3419926] C1 [Williams, Kevin L.; Kargl, Steven G.; Thorsos, Eric I.] Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Burnett, David S.; Lopes, Joseph L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Zampolli, Mario] TNO Def Secur & Safety, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. [Marston, Philip L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Zampolli, Mario] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Williams, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 FU Office of Naval Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) program. The experimental effort owes its success to the extensive engineering and diving support supplied by the APL-UW Ocean Engineering department as well as the complementary technical/logistics support of NSWC PCD. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3356 EP 3371 DI 10.1121/1.3419926 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 609AG UT WOS:000278626500012 PM 20550236 ER PT J AU Barton, RJ Smith, KB Vincent, HT AF Barton, Robert J., III Smith, Kevin B. Vincent, Harold T., III TI Characterization of scattered acoustic intensity fields in the resonance region of a motionless rigid sphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic intensity; acoustic resonance; acoustic variables measurement; acoustic wave scattering AB In this study, the properties of the scattered acoustic vector fields generated by simple rigid motionless spheres are investigated. Analytical solutions are derived from general acoustic pressure scattering models, and analyzed for wave numbers in the resonance region. The separable active and reactive components of the acoustic intensity are used to investigate the structural features of the scattered field components. Numerical results are presented. The ability to extract scattered field features is illustrated with measurements obtained from a recent in-air experiment using an anechoic chamber and acoustic intensity probes to measure the scattered acoustic vector field from motionless rigid spheres. C1 [Barton, Robert J., III] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Vincent, Harold T., III] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Barton, RJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM robert.barton@navy.mil; kbsmith@nps.edu; bud@egr.uri.edu FU Independent Internal Laboratory Individual research (ILIR) FX Funding for this study was provided by the Independent Internal Laboratory Individual research (ILIR) Program at the Naval UnderseaWarfare Center, Division Newport, RI. The authors also acknowledge Microflown for providing the use of their sensing technology and the Naval Postgraduate School Physics Department for use of the anechoic chamber. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 6 BP EL240 EP EL245 DI 10.1121/1.3397235 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 609AG UT WOS:000278626500002 PM 20550226 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Wynn, WW Walker, TW Farooq, M Smith, VL Robinson, CA Lothrop, BB Snelling, M Gutierrez, A Lothrop, HD Kerce, JD Becnel, JJ Bernier, UR Pridgeon, JW AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Wynn, Wayne W. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Smith, Vincent L. Robinson, Cathy A. Lothrop, Branka B. Snelling, Melissa Gutierrez, Arturo Lothrop, Hugh D. Kerce, Jerry D. Becnel, James J. Bernier, Ulrich R. Pridgeon, Julia W. TI EVALUATION OF ULV AND THERMAL FOG MOSQUITO CONTROL APPLICATIONS IN TEMPERATE AND DESERT ENVIRONMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Coachella Valley; Camp Blanding; aerosol pesticide delivery; malathion; Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program ID ULTRA-LOW VOLUME; COACHELLA VALLEY; VECTOR CONTROL; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; RIVERSIDE COUNTY; ADULT MOSQUITOS; DROPLET-SIZE; MALATHION; AEROSOLS; EQUIPMENT AB Ultra-low-volume (ULV) and thermal fog aerosol dispersals of pesticides have been used against mosquitoes and other insects for half a century. Although each spray technology has advantages and disadvantages, only 7 studies have been identified that directly compare their performance in the field. US military personnel currently operating in hot-arid environments are impacted by perpetual nuisance and disease vector insect problems, despite adulticide operations using modern pesticide-delivery equipment such as ULV. None of the identified comparative studies has looked at the relative feasibility and efficacy of ULV and thermal fog equipment against mosquitoes in hot-arid environments. In this study we examine the impact of ULV and thermal fog applications of malathion against caged sentinel mosquitoes in the field in a warm temperate area of Florida, followed by a similar test in a hot-dry desert area of southern California. Patterns of mortality throughout 150 m x 150 m grids of sentinel mosquitoes indicate greater efficacy from the thermal fog application in both environments under suboptimal ambient weather conditions. We discuss the implications of these findings for future military preventive medicine activities and encourage further investigations into the relative merits of the 2 technologies for force health protection. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Wynn, Wayne W.; Becnel, James J.; Bernier, Ulrich R.; Pridgeon, Julia W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Smith, Vincent L.; Robinson, Cathy A.] USN, Air Stn, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Lothrop, Branka B.; Snelling, Melissa; Gutierrez, Arturo] Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist, Indio, CA 92201 USA. [Lothrop, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Arbovirus Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Department of Defense (DoD); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service. The use of equipment and products in this study does not constitute endorsement by the USDA, the DoD, or the US Navy. Technicians from the Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District and personnel from the California Department of Public Health and the University of California Davis Center for Vectorborne Diseases kindly provided expert assistance in the field. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.2987/09-5948.1 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 618AA UT WOS:000279322100008 PM 20649128 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Montgomery, MT Dunkerton, TJ AF Wang, Zhuo Montgomery, M. T. Dunkerton, T. J. TI Genesis of Pre-Hurricane Felix (2007). Part I: The Role of the Easterly Wave Critical Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION; HOT TOWERS; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; CONVECTION; VORTICITY; ATLANTIC; SYSTEMS; ITCZ AB The formation of pre-Hurricane Felix (2007) in a tropical easterly wave is examined in a two-part study using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a high-resolution nested grid configuration that permits the representation of cloud system processes. The simulation commences during the wave stage of the precursor African easterly-wave disturbance. Here the simulated and observed developments are compared, while in Part II of the study various large-scale analyses, physical parameterizations, and initialization times are explored to document model sensitivities. In this first part the authors focus on the wave/vortex morphology, its interaction with the adjacent intertropical convergence zone complex, and the vorticity balance in the neighborhood of the developing storm. Analysis of the model simulation points to a bottom-up development process within the wave critical layer and supports the three new hypotheses of tropical cyclone formation proposed recently by Dunkerton, Montgomery, and Wang. It is shown also that low-level convergence associated with the ITCZ helps to enhance the wave signal and extend the "wave pouch" from the jet level to the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. The region of a quasi-closed Lagrangian circulation within the wave pouch provides a focal point for diabatic merger of convective vortices and their vortical remnants. The wave pouch serves also to protect the moist air inside from dry air intrusion, providing a favorable environment for sustained deep convection. Consistent with the authors' earlier findings, the tropical storm forms near the center of the wave pouch via system-scale convergence in the lower troposphere and vorticity aggregation. Components of the vorticity balance are shown to be scale dependent, with the immediate effects of cloud processes confined more closely to the storm center than the overturning Eliassen circulation induced by diabatic heating, the influence of which extends to larger radii. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.; Dunkerton, T. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0851554]; Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [MIPR NNG07HU171, NNH04CC63C]; Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, and ATM-0851554), the Office of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (MIPR NNG07HU171 and Contract NNH04CC63C) and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We thank Dr. Kevin Tory for his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Dr. Michael Riemer for providing a trajectory sketch in Fig. 3, and NCAR/CISL for providing computing resources. NR 40 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1729 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3420.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618PN UT WOS:000279368200002 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Montgomery, MT Dunkerton, TJ AF Wang, Zhuo Montgomery, M. T. Dunkerton, T. J. TI Genesis of Pre-Hurricane Felix (2007). Part II: Warm Core Formation, Precipitation Evolution, and Predictability SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; CYCLONES; MODEL AB This is the second of a two-part study examining the simulated formation of Atlantic Hurricane Felix (2007) in a cloud-representing framework. Here several open issues are addressed concerning the formation of the storm's warm core, the evolution and respective contribution of stratiform versus convective precipitation within the parent wave's pouch, and the sensitivity of the development pathway reported in Part I to different model physics options and initial conditions. All but one of the experiments include ice microphysics as represented by one of several parameterizations, and the partition of convective versus stratiform precipitation is accomplished using a standard numerical technique based on the high-resolution control experiment. The transition to a warm-core tropical cyclone from an initially cold-core, lower tropospheric wave disturbance is analyzed first. As part of this transformation process, it is shown that deep moist convection is sustained near the pouch center. Both convective and stratiform precipitation rates increase with time. While stratiform precipitation occupies a larger area even at the tropical storm stage, deep moist convection makes a comparable contribution to the total rain rate at the pregenesis stage, and a larger contribution than stratiform processes at the storm stage. The convergence profile averaged near the pouch center is found to become dominantly convective with increasing deep moist convective activity there. Low-level convergence forced by interior diabatic heating plays a key role in forming and intensifying the near-surface closed circulation, while the midlevel convergence associated with stratiform precipitation helps to increase the midlevel circulation and thereby contributes to the formation and upward extension of a tropospheric-deep cyclonic vortex. Sensitivity tests with different model physics options and initial conditions demonstrate a similar pregenesis evolution. These tests suggest that the genesis location of a tropical storm is largely controlled by the parent wave's critical layer, whereas the genesis time and intensity of the protovortex depend on the details of the mesoscale organization, which is less predictable. Some implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.; Dunkerton, T. J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Dunkerton, T. J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0851554]; Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [MIPR NNG07HU171, NNH04CC63C]; Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, and ATM-0851554), the Office of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (MIPR NNG07HU171 and Contract NNH04CC63C), and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We thank Dr. Kevin Tory for his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and NCAR/CISL for computing resources. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1730 EP 1744 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3435.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618PN UT WOS:000279368200003 ER PT J AU Wen, JM Oh, E Du, SW AF Wen, Jianming Oh, Eun Du, Shengwang TI Tripartite entanglement generation via four-wave mixings: narrowband triphoton W state SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; HORNE-ZEILINGER ENTANGLEMENT; COHERENT MEDIA; PHOTONS; OPTICS; NONLOCALITY AB We propose a method to generate a narrowband triphoton W state entangled in time (or energy) via two four-wave mixing processes in cold atomic gas media. The calculation of such a triphoton W state is performed with second-order perturbation theory. To characterize the optical properties of the state, we analyze the two-photon and three-photon temporal correlations in the photon coincidence counting measurement. Considering the role of determining the time coherence of triphotons between the nonlinear susceptibilities and phase matchings, we concentrate on two regimes, damped Rabi oscillation and group delay, to look at the temporal correlations. To further enhance the nonlinear interactions, it may be promising to consider cold atoms confined within hollow fibers or loaded into a high-Q cavity. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wen, Jianming] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Oh, Eun] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Du, Shengwang] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wen, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jianming.wen@gmail.com RI Wen, Jianming/A-2138-2011; Du, Shengwang/B-4475-2011; OI Wen, Jianming/0000-0003-3373-7108; Du, Shengwang/0000-0002-7174-4571 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [HKUST600809] FX We are grateful to Min Xiao and Morton H. Rubin for helpful discussions. E.O. was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. S. D. was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKUST600809). NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP A11 EP A20 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 606NQ UT WOS:000278433500027 ER PT J AU Black, CM Thorpe, K Venrbux, A Kim, HS Millward, SF Clark, TWI Kundu, S Martin, LG Sacks, D York, J Cardella, JF AF Black, Carl M. Thorpe, Kelly Venrbux, Anthony Kim, Hyun S. Millward, Steven F. Clark, Timothy W. I. Kundu, Sanjoy Martin, Louis G. Sacks, David York, John Cardella, John F. TI Research Reporting Standards for Endovascular Treatment of Pelvic Venous Insufficiency SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN VEIN EMBOLIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CONGESTION SYNDROME; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PAIN SYNDROME; EMBOLOTHERAPY; DIAGNOSIS; VARICES; WOMEN; INCOMPETENCE C1 [Black, Carl M.; Thorpe, Kelly] Utah Valley Intervent Associates, Provo, UT USA. [Black, Carl M.; Thorpe, Kelly] Intermt Vein Ctr, Provo, UT USA. [Venrbux, Anthony] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Kim, Hyun S.; Martin, Louis G.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Millward, Steven F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Radiol, London, England. [Millward, Steven F.] Peterborough Reg Hlth Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Kundu, Sanjoy] Scarborough Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Clark, Timothy W. I.] NYU, Sch Med, Sect Intervent Radiol, New York, NY USA. NYU Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Cardella, John F.] Geisinger Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Danville, PA USA. [York, John] USN, Med Corps, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Black, CM (reprint author), SIR, 3975 Fair Ridge Dr,Suite 400 N, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. EM carl.black@utahradiology.com NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 6 BP 796 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.02.017 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 607SY UT WOS:000278528100003 PM 20494288 ER PT J AU Harrison, BA Rayburn, WH Toliver, M Powell, EE Engber, BR Durden, LA Robbins, RG Prendergast, BF Whitt, PB AF Harrison, Bruce A. Rayburn, Walker H., Jr. Toliver, Marcee Powell, Eugene E. Engber, Barry R. Durden, Lance A. Robbins, Richard G. Prendergast, Brian F. Whitt, Parker B. TI Recent discovery of widespread Ixodes affinis (Acari: Ixodidae) distribution in North Carolina with implications for Lyme disease studies SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North Carolina; Ixodes affinis; identification; distribution; hosts; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia species ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TICKS ACARI; SEASONAL ACTIVITIES; SCAPULARIS ACARI; GEORGIA; RODENTS; HOST; VERTEBRATES AB Ixodes affinis, which is similar morphologically to Ixodes scapularis, is widely distributed in North Carolina. Collections have documented this species in 32 of 41 coastal plain counties, but no piedmont or mountain counties. This coastal plain distribution is similar to its distribution in Georgia and South Carolina, where it is considered an enzootic vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. An updated list of hosts for I. affinis in the U.S.A. is included, increasing the number to 15 mammal and one bird species. The presence of questing adults of I. affinis from April to November reinforces the need for confirmed identifications of suspected tick vectors of Borrelia spirochetes collected during warm months. Journal of Vector Ecology 35 (1): 174-179.2010. C1 [Harrison, Bruce A.; Toliver, Marcee; Powell, Eugene E.; Engber, Barry R.; Whitt, Parker B.] N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management, Mail Serv Ctr 1631, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Durden, Lance A.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Robbins, Richard G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DPMIAC AFPMB, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Prendergast, Brian F.] USN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Prendergast, Brian F.] Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Harrison, BA (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management, Mail Serv Ctr 1631, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 608HR UT WOS:000278574900024 PM 20618664 ER PT J AU Stoops, CA Gionar, YR Rusmiarto, S Susapto, D Andris, H Elyazar, IRF Barbara, KA Munif, A AF Stoops, Craig A. Gionar, Yoyo R. Rusmiarto, Saptoro Susapto, Dwiko Andris, Heri Elyazar, Iqbal R. F. Barbara, Kathryn A. Munif, Amrul TI Laboratory and field testing of bednet traps for mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) sampling in West Java, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bednet traps; mosquito; surveillance; self-supporting; trapping ID HUMAN LANDING CATCH; LIGHT-TRAP; MBITA TRAP; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; MALARIA VECTORS; RICE IRRIGATION; KENYA; TANZANIA; GAMBIAE; OUTDOOR AB Surveillance of medically important mosquitoes is critical to determine the risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission. The purpose of this research was to test self-supporting, exposure-free bednet traps to survey mosquitoes. In the laboratory we tested human-baited and unbaited CDC light trap/cot bednet (CDCBN) combinations against three types of traps: the Mbita Trap (MIBITA), a Tent Trap (TENT), and a modified Townes style Malaise trap (TSM). In the laboratory, 16 runs comparing MBITA, TSM, and TENT to the CDCBN were conducted for a total of 48 runs of the experiment using 13,600 mosquitoes. The TENT trap collected significantly more mosquitoes than the CDCBN. The CDCBN collected significantly more than the MBITA and there was no difference between the TSM and the CDCBN. Two field trials were conducted in Cibuntu, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. The first test compared human-baited and unbaited CDCBN, TENT, and TSM traps during six nights over two consecutive weeks per month from January, 2007 to September, 2007 for a total of 54 trapnights. A total of 8,474 mosquitoes representing 33 species were collected using the six trapping methods. The TENT-baited trap collected significantly more mosquitoes than both the CDCBN and the TSM. The second field trial was a comparison of the baited and unbaited TENT and CDCBN traps and Human Landing Collections (HLCs). The trial was carried out from January, 2008 to May, 2008 for a total of 30 trap nights. A total of 11,923 mosquitoes were collected representing 24 species. Human Landing Collections captured significantly more mosquitoes than either the TENT or the CDCBN. The baited and unbaited TENT collected significantly more mosquitoes than the CDCBN. The TENT trap was found to be an effective, light-weight substitute for the CDC light-trap, bednet combination in the field and should be considered for use in surveys of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, arboviruses, and filariasis. Journal of Vector Ecology 35 (1): 187-196. 2010. C1 [Stoops, Craig A.; Gionar, Yoyo R.; Rusmiarto, Saptoro; Susapto, Dwiko; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Barbara, Kathryn A.] USN, Med Res Unit 2, US Embassy Jakarta, Unit NAMRU 2 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RP Stoops, CA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, US Embassy Jakarta, Unit NAMRU 2 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. FU U.S. Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP); Ministry of Health FX We thank D. Supardi, Malaria Field Coordinator for Sukabumi District, and H. B. Thahadibrata, Head of Ministry of Health for Subkabumi District, for their strong support of this project. Petty Officer Jane Nonthaveth illustrated the traps depicted in Figure 1. P.J. Obenauer, B. F. Prendergast, and A. G. Wheeler provided very helpful reviews of the manuscript. This study was supported by the U.S. Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP). The opinions or assertions expressed herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as representing those of the U. S. Navy, the Department of Defense, or the Indonesian Ministry of Health. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 187 EP 196 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 608HR UT WOS:000278574900026 PM 20618666 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Petrovykh, DY Mack, P Carney, T White, RG Walton, SG Fernsler, RF AF Lock, Evgeniya H. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. Mack, Paul Carney, Tim White, Richard G. Walton, Scott G. Fernsler, Richard F. TI Surface Composition, Chemistry, and Structure of Polystyrene Modified by Electron-Beam-Generated Plasma SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGLE-RESOLVED XPS; GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; OXYGEN PLASMA; ARGON PLASMA; POLYMERS; FILMS; POLYPROPYLENE AB Polystyrene (PS) surfaces were treated by electron-beam-generated plasmas in argon/oxygen, argon/nitrogen, and argon/sulfur hexafluoride environments. The resulting modifications of the polymer surface energy, morphology, and chemical composition were analyzed by a suite of complementary analytical techniques: contact angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS). The plasma treatments produced only minimal increases in the surface roughness while introducing the expected chemical modifications: oxygen-based after Ar/O(2) plasma, oxygen- and nitrogen-based after Ar/N(2) plasma, and fluorine-based after Ar/SF(6) plasma. Fluorinated PS surfaces became hydrophobic and did not significantly, change their properties over time. In contrast, polymer treated in Ar/O(2) and Ar/N(2) plasmas initially became hydrophilic but underwent hydrophobic recovery after 28 days of aging. The aromatic carbon chemistry in the top 1 nm of these and surfaces clearly indicated that the hydrophobic recovery was produced by reorientation/diffusion of undamaged aromatic polymer fragments from the bulk rather than by contamination. Nondestructive depth profiles of aged plasma-treated PS films were reconstructed from parallel angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) measurements using a maximum-entropy algorithm. The salient features of reconstructed profiles were confirmed by sputter profiles obtained with 200 eV Ar ions. Both types of depth profiles showed that the electron-beam-generated plasma modifications are confined to the topmost 3-4 nm of the polymer surface, while valence band measurements and unsaturated carbon signatures in ARXPS and REELS data indicated that much of the PS structure was preserved below 9 nm. C1 [Lock, Evgeniya H.; Walton, Scott G.; Fernsler, Richard F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mack, Paul; Carney, Tim; White, Richard G.] Thermo Fisher Sci, E Grinstead RH19 1UB, W Sussex, England. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM evgeniya.lock@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076 FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX E.H.L. was an NRL/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate when this work was performed. The work at NRL was funded by the Office of Naval Research. D.Y.P. also received support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 59 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 11 BP 8857 EP 8868 DI 10.1021/la9046337 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 599QL UT WOS:000277928100159 PM 20369866 ER PT J AU Rau, TJ Merrill, LL McWhorter, SK Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Dyslin, CW Crouch, JL Rabenhorst, MM Milner, JS AF Rau, Terri J. Merrill, Lex L. McWhorter, Stephanie K. Stander, Valerie A. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Dyslin, Christopher W. Crouch, Julie L. Rabenhorst, Mandy M. Milner, Joel S. TI Evaluation of a Sexual Assault Education/Prevention Program for Male US Navy Personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EFFECT SIZE; AGGRESSION; RAPE; STATISTICS; DESIGNS; SAMPLE; WOMEN; MODEL AB A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Navy Sexual Assault Intervention Training (SAIT) program for men. A four-group Solomon design was used to control for possible pretest sensitization effects. Male Navy personnel (N = 1,505) were assessed for rape knowledge, rape myth acceptance (two scales), and rape empathy after participating in the SAIT program or viewing an educational video about HIV/AIDS (comparison condition). The SAIT program was found to be effective in increasing rape knowledge, reducing rape myth acceptance, and increasing empathy for rape victims. As expected, men who had exhibited previous coercive sexual behavior, compared with those who had not, reported lower levels of knowledge, higher levels of rape myth acceptance, and less rape empathy. However, the SAIT program was generally effective in changing men's knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on the key measures, regardless of participants' histories of coercive sexual behavior. C1 [Rau, Terri J.] Navy Installat Command, Navy Fleet & Family Support Program, Millington, TN 38055 USA. [Merrill, Lex L.; McWhorter, Stephanie K.; Stander, Valerie A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Crouch, Julie L.; Rabenhorst, Mandy M.; Milner, Joel S.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Dyslin, Christopher W.] Governors State Univ, Div Psychol & Counseling, University Pk, IL 60466 USA. RP Rau, TJ (reprint author), Navy Installat Command, Navy Fleet & Family Support Program, 5720 Integr Dr, Millington, TN 38055 USA. FU Department of Defense [6309] FX This represents the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) report 08-45, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 6309. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC 1996.0001). NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 6 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 607FS UT WOS:000278485100011 PM 20572476 ER PT J AU Ziegler, JF Ziegler, MD Biersack, JP AF Ziegler, James F. Ziegler, M. D. Biersack, J. P. TI SRIM - The stopping and range of ions in matter (2010) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge DE SRIM; Ion stopping; Stopping power; Stopping force; Ion range ID ALPHA-PARTICLES; CROSS-SECTIONS; C-H; POWER AB SRIM is a software package concerning the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter. Since its introduction in 1985, major upgrades are made about every six years. Currently, more than 700 scientific citations are made to SRIM every year. For SRIM-2010, the following major improvements have been made: (1) About 2800 new experimental stopping powers were added to the database, increasing it to over 28,000 stopping values. (2) Improved corrections were made for the stopping of ions in compounds. (3) New heavy ion stopping calculations have led to significant improvements on SRIM stopping accuracy. (4) A self-contained SRIM module has been included to allow SRIM stopping and range values to be controlled and read by other software applications. (5) Individual interatomic potentials have been included for all ion/atom collisions, and these potentials are now included in the SRIM package. A full catalog of stopping power plots can be downloaded at www.SRIM.org. Over 500 plots show the accuracy of the stopping and ranges produced by SRIM along with 27,000 experimental data points. References to the citations which reported the experimental data are included. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ziegler, James F.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ziegler, M. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90066 USA. RP Ziegler, JF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Ziegler@SRIM.org NR 18 TC 1126 Z9 1139 U1 32 U2 258 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2010 VL 268 IS 11-12 BP 1818 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.02.091 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 610AW UT WOS:000278702300028 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Dahlke, JD McKelvey, SS Watson, EM Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Chauhan, Suneet P. Dahlke, Joshua D. McKelvey, Samantha S. Watson, Erin M. Morrison, John C. TI Air Travel and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review of Pregnancy Regulations and Outcomes for Passengers, Flight Attendants, and Aviators SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Review ID VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS; BLOOD-FLOW; ALTITUDE; BIRTH; DEATH; NOISE; CREW AB To review flight regulations and gestational complications associated with air travel in pregnant passengers, flight attendants, and aviators. A literature search was undertaken on the relationship of air travel and spontaneous pregnancy losses, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), birth weight <10th percentile, preterm delivery, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. The literature search identified 128 abstracts, of which 9 evaluated air travel and pregnancy outcomes. The risk of a pregnancy loss (spontaneous abortion or IUFD) was greater in flight attendants than controls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29, 2.04). The risk of preterm birth <37 weeks was greater in passengers than controls (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.93). However, the risk of preeclampsia (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.27), neonatal intensive care unit admissions (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.82), or birth weight <10th percentile (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.48) was not increased. Flight attendants did not have an increased risk of preterm birth compared to controls (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.22) or delivering infants with birth weight <10th percentile (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.68, 3.74). The risks of spontaneous abortions and other adverse pregnancy outcomes have been poorly studied in a limited number of investigations. An analysis of the available information suggests a greater risk of spontaneous abortions or IUFD in flight attendants, and a greater risk of preterm birth <37 weeks in air passengers. However, the literature on which these findings are based is generally not of high methodologic quality. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologist, Family Physicians. Learning Objectives: After completion of this educational activity, the reader will be able to Evaluate the published literature on air travel and pregnancy outcomes. Analyze the potential maternal and perinatal consequences of air travel. Examine the current limitations on air travel and pregnancy. C1 [Magann, Everett F.; McKelvey, Samantha S.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Healthcare, Dept Obstet, W Allis, WI USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Healthcare, Dept Gynecol, W Allis, WI USA. [Dahlke, Joshua D.; Watson, Erin M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Dahlke, Joshua D.; Watson, Erin M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4301 W Markham St Slot 518, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM efmagann@uams.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 6 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181e572ae PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 628FQ UT WOS:000280100500022 PM 20633306 ER PT J AU Gallagher, TQ Wilcox, L McGuire, E Derkay, CS AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Wilcox, Lyndy McGuire, Erin Derkay, Craig S. TI Analyzing factors associated with major complications after adenotonsillectomy in 4776 patients: Comparing three tonsillectomy techniques SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Ear-Nose-and-Throat-Advances-in-Children CY DEC 04-07, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Ear, Nose & Throat Advances Children ID POWERED INTRACAPSULAR TONSILLECTOMY; ELECTROCAUTERY TONSILLECTOMY; MICRODEBRIDER; CHILDREN; ADENOIDECTOMY; EFFICACY AB OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of major complications (postoperative hemorrhage requiring return to the operating room or cauterization in the emergency department and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids or readmission) in a large cohort of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy by three different techniques. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review, case-controlled study. SETTING: Regional children's hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects comprised patients aged 1 to 18 years undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or adenotonsillectomy by microdebrider, coblator, or Bovie over a 36-month period. Major complications identified were compared to two case-matched controls to try to identify patients at risk for major postoperative complications. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 80 of 4776 (1.7 +/- 0.4% [percent +/- 95% confidence interval]). Of the 3362 patients who received either an adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy alone, 80 had a complication (2.3 +/- 0.5%). Major complication rates differed among tonsil removal techniques: 34 of 1235 (2.8 +/- 0.9%) coblation; 40 of 1289 (3.1 +/- 0.9%) electrocautery; six of 824 (0.7 +/- 0.7%) microdebrider (P < 0.001). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in older children (8.5 vs 5.5 years; P < 0.001), while age did not influence postsurgical dehydration (5.33 vs 5.49 years). The case-control portion of the study did not find any reliable way to identify patients at risk for complications during adenotonsillectomy. Identity of the surgeon was not a confounding independent variable, nor was participation by resident surgeons. CONCLUSION: In this "real life" teaching hospital surgical setting in which three different techniques of tonsillectomy are routinely performed by a variety of resident and attending surgeons, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy is associated with lower rates of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage and dehydration when compared to coblation and electrocautery complete tonsillectomy technique. (C) 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Wilcox, Lyndy; McGuire, Erin; Derkay, Craig S.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Wilcox, Lyndy; McGuire, Erin; Derkay, Craig S.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Derkay, CS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, 601 Childrens Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. EM craig.derkay@chkd.org NR 20 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 142 IS 6 BP 886 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.02.019 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 601EQ UT WOS:000278041400019 PM 20493363 ER PT J AU Arnold, JC AF Arnold, John C. TI Human Bocavirus in Children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE human bocavirus (HBoV); new viruses; respiratory infections; gastroenteritis ID PARVOVIRUS; SAMPLES C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Arnold, JC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 6 BP 557 EP 558 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181e0747d PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 605UK UT WOS:000278372300016 PM 20508481 ER PT J AU Letada, PR Shumaker, PR Uebelhoer, NS AF Letada, Philip R. Shumaker, Peter R. Uebelhoer, Nathan S. TI Demonstration of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) localized to areas of palmar skin injected with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and pre-treated with a fractionated CO2 laser prior to topically applied ALA SO PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Aminolevulinic acid; Delivery system; Intradermal injection; lontophoresis; Fractionated CO2 laser; Palms ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; DELIVERY AB Background: Several techniques designed to enhance ALA delivery into subcorneal layers of palmar skin are described. Methods: Six palms from three subjects were treated with topical ALA, iontophoresis enhanced delivery of ALA, intradermal injections of ALA solution, or fractionated CO2 laser (with or without erbium:YAG surface ablation). The relative efficacy of each technique was determined using Wood's lamp illumination for the presence of fluorescent PpIX. Results: Palms treated with topically applied ALA alone or with iontophoresis pre-treatment failed to exhibit fluorescence. The palm treated with intradermal injections of ALA and the palms pre-treated with fractionated CO2 laser with or without erbium:YAG laser surface ablation exhibited fluorescence at treatment areas. Conclusion: Both intradermal injections and fractionated CO2 laser (with or without erbium:YAG laser pre-treatment) may provide an effective means for delivery of ALA into subcorneal layers of palmar skin. Numerous potential clinical applications of these techniques (including treatment of localized palmar hyperhidrosis) exist. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Letada, Philip R.; Shumaker, Peter R.; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, PL,PS,NU, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Letada, PR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, PL,PS,NU, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Philip.Letada@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-1000 J9 PHOTODIAGN PHOTODYN JI Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 120 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.02.004 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 613NR UT WOS:000278986500007 PM 20510307 ER PT J AU Luginbuhl, CB Walker, CE Wainscoat, RJ AF Luginbuhl, Christian B. Walker, Constance E. Wainscoat, Richard J. TI Many facets of light pollution Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Luginbuhl, Christian B.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, AZ USA. [Walker, Constance E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Wainscoat, Richard J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Luginbuhl, CB (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, AZ USA. EM cbl@nofs.navy.mil; cwalker@noao.edu; rjw@ifa.hawaii.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 610FE UT WOS:000278715900005 ER PT J AU Sepp, KI AF Sepp, Kalev I. TI The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Sepp, Kalev I.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sepp, KI (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 356 EP 357 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 612GU UT WOS:000278885600037 ER PT J AU Vigil, A Ortega, R Nakajima-Sasaki, R Pablo, J Molina, DM Chao, CC Chen, HW Ching, WM Felgner, PL AF Vigil, Adam Ortega, Rocio Nakajima-Sasaki, Rie Pablo, Jozelyn Molina, Douglas M. Chao, Chien-Chung Chen, Hua-Wei Ching, We-Me Felgner, Philip L. TI Genome-wide profiling of humoral immune response to Coxiella burnetii infection by protein microarray SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Antibody; Coxiella burnetii; Humoral; Microarray; Protein arrays; Q fever ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; Q-FEVER ENDOCARDITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS; CLONING; MICE; PREDICTION; VACCINIA; REVEALS; DNA AB Comprehensive evaluation of the humoral immune response to Coxiella burnetii may identify highly needed diagnostic antigens and potential subunit vaccine candidates. Here we report the construction of a protein microarray containing 1901 C. burnetii ORFs (84% of the entire proteome). This array was probed with Q-fever patient sera and naive controls in order to discover C. burnetii-specific seroreactive antigens. Among the 21 seroreactive antigens identified, 13 were significantly more reactive in Q-fever cases than naive controls. The remaining eight antigens were cross-reactive in both C. burnetii infected and naive patient sera. An additional 64 antigens displayed variable seroreactivity in Q-fever patients, and underscore the diversity of the humoral immune response to C. burnetii. Nine of the differentially reactive antigens were validated on an alternative immunostrip platform, demonstrating proof-of-concept development of a consistent, safe, and inexpensive diagnostic assay alternative. Furthermore, we report here the identification of several new diagnostic antigens and potential subunit vaccine candidates for the highly infectious category B alphaproteobacteria, C. burnetii. C1 [Vigil, Adam; Ortega, Rocio; Nakajima-Sasaki, Rie; Pablo, Jozelyn; Felgner, Philip L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Molina, Douglas M.] Antigen Discovery Inc, Irvine, CA USA. [Chao, Chien-Chung; Chen, Hua-Wei; Ching, We-Me] USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Chao, Chien-Chung; Chen, Hua-Wei; Ching, We-Me] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Vigil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 375B Med Surge 2, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM vigila@uci.edu RI Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011 FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [5U01AI078213, U54065359] FX This work was funded in part by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grants 5U01AI078213 and U54065359 (to P.F.) NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JUN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2259 EP 2269 DI 10.1002/pmic.201000064 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 619JL UT WOS:000279426300003 PM 20391532 ER PT J AU Deen, DA Storm, DF Katzer, DS Meyer, DJ Binari, SC AF Deen, D. A. Storm, D. F. Katzer, D. S. Meyer, D. J. Binari, S. C. TI Dependence of ohmic contact resistance on barrier thickness of AlN/GaN HEMT structures SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE AlN; GaN; HEMT; Ohmic contact; Heterostructure AB A multi-faceted study on the reduction of ohmic contact resistance to AlN/GaN-based heterostructures is presented. Minimum contact resistance of 0.5 Omega mm has been achieved by partially etching the AlN barrier layer using a chlorine-based plasma dry-etch prior to ohmic contact metallization. For thin GaN-capped AlN/GaN heterostructures, we find it is necessary to remove the GaN cap in the vicinity of the contact metal in order to obtain a linear current-voltage relationship. We compare our results of the pre-metallization etched contacts to those without an etch as well as to results reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Deen, D. A.; Storm, D. F.; Katzer, D. S.; Meyer, D. J.; Binari, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deen, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.deen@nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge N. Green for device processing. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2009.11.012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 593YW UT WOS:000277500300001 ER PT J AU McLay, J Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA AF McLay, Justin Bishop, Craig H. Reynolds, Carolyn A. TI A Local Formulation of the Ensemble Transform (ET) Analysis Perturbation Scheme SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL; DYNAMICS; PREDICTABILITY AB Following ideas from the local ensemble transform Kalman filter, a local formulation of the ensemble transform (ET) analysis perturbation scheme is developed by partitioning the numerical weather prediction model domain into latitude bands or latitude-longitude blocks. In comparison with analysis perturbations from the original "global'' ET formulation, analysis perturbations from the "banded'' or "block'' ET formulations are much more consistent with estimates of analysis error variance. Banded or block ET forecast ensembles also perform better under a variety of verification metrics than do global ET forecast ensembles. Substantial performance gains are observed for both the midlatitudes and the tropics. Alocal ET is scheduled to be made operational at the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center. C1 [McLay, Justin; Bishop, Craig H.; Reynolds, Carolyn A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McLay, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM justin.mclay@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [0601153N, BE-033-03-04M] FX This research was sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0601153N, Project BE-033-03-04M. The DoD High Performance Computing program at NAVO MSRC provided the computing resources. The manuscript benefited considerably from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 985 EP 993 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222359.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618PM UT WOS:000279368100012 ER PT J AU Ding, HJ Reese, C Makinen, AJ Bao, ZA Gao, YL AF Ding, Huanjun Reese, Colin Maekinen, Antti J. Bao, Zhenan Gao, Yongli TI Band structure measurement of organic single crystal with angle-resolved photoemission SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Brillouin zones; organic semiconductors; photoelectron spectra ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; RUBRENE AB The electronic structure of bulk rubrene single crystal was studied with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Highly reproducible dispersive features were observed with nice symmetry about the Brillouin zone center and boundaries, representing the band structure measured for a bulk organic single crystal. The high quality of the surface was confirmed with scanning tunneling microscopy. The energy dispersion of the highest occupied molecular orbitals derived bands showed strong anisotropic behavior in the a-b plane of the unit cell. The measured band structure, however, differs unexpectedly from theoretical calculations in terms of the amount of the dispersion and the separation of the bands. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3446849] C1 [Ding, Huanjun; Gao, Yongli] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Reese, Colin; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bao, Zhenan] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ding, HJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM ygao@pas.rochester.edu RI Ding, Huanjun /C-2006-2012; Gao, Yongli/N-8392-2015 OI Gao, Yongli/0000-0001-9765-5246 FU NSF [DMR-0602870] FX The fruitful discussions with Professor J. L. Bredas and Dr. E. G. Kim are gratefully acknowledged. This work is supported in part by NSF Grant No. DMR-0602870. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 22 AR 222106 DI 10.1063/1.3446849 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 606EL UT WOS:000278404800029 ER PT J AU Tedesco, JL Jernigan, GG Culbertson, JC Hite, JK Yang, Y Daniels, KM Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Robinson, JA Trumbull, KA Wetherington, MT Campbell, PM Gaskill, DK AF Tedesco, J. L. Jernigan, G. G. Culbertson, J. C. Hite, J. K. Yang, Y. Daniels, K. M. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Robinson, J. A. Trumbull, K. A. Wetherington, M. T. Campbell, P. M. Gaskill, D. K. TI Morphology characterization of argon-mediated epitaxial graphene on C-face SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapour deposition; epitaxial layers; graphene; island structure; nucleation ID CARRIER MOBILITY; SILICON-CARBIDE; GROWTH; THICKNESS; GRAPHITE; STRAIN AB Epitaxial graphene layers were grown on the C-face of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC using an argon-mediated growth process. Variations in growth temperature and pressure were found to dramatically affect the morphological properties of the layers. The presence of argon during growth slowed the rate of graphene formation on the C-face and led to the observation of islanding. The similarity in the morphology of the islands and continuous films indicated that island nucleation and coalescence is the growth mechanism for C-face graphene. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3442903] C1 [Tedesco, J. L.; Hite, J. K.; Yang, Y.; Daniels, K. M.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Adv Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Res Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jernigan, G. G.; Culbertson, J. C.; Campbell, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, J. A.; Trumbull, K. A.; Wetherington, M. T.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Tedesco, JL (reprint author), USN, Adv Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Res Lab, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.tedesco@nist.gov RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU American Society for Engineering Education; Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program; Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for RF Applications program for funding. J.L.T. and J.K.H. acknowledge the American Society for Engineering Education for support through Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowships. Y.Y. and K. M. D. acknowledge support from the Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program. NR 25 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 22 AR 222103 DI 10.1063/1.3442903 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 606EL UT WOS:000278404800026 ER PT J AU Austin, M Scott, T Brown, J Brown, J MacMahan, J Masselink, G Russell, P AF Austin, Martin Scott, Tim Brown, Jeff Brown, Jenna MacMahan, Jamie Masselink, Gerd Russell, Paul TI Temporal observations of rip current circulation on a macro-tidal beach SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rip current; Macro-tidal; Surf zone; Intermediate beach; Drifters; Cell circulation ID SHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SURF-ZONE; CURRENT SYSTEM; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; MODEL; BAR; MORPHODYNAMICS; WAVES AB A field experiment was conducted on a high energy macro-tidal beach (Perranporth, UK) to examine rip current dynamics over a low-tide transverse bar/rip system in response to changing tide and wave conditions. Hydrodynamic data were collected using an array of in situ acoustic doppler current meters and pressure transducers, as well as 12 GPS-tracked Lagrangian surf zone drifters. Inter-tidal and sub-tidal morphology were measured through RTK-GPS and echo-sounder surveys. Data were collected for eight consecutive days (15 tides) over a spring-neap tidal cycle with tidal ranges of 4-6.5 m and offshore significant wave heights of 1-2 m and peak periods of 5-12 s. The hypothesis that rip current dynamics in a macro-tidal setting are controlled by the combination of variations in wave dissipation and morphological flow constriction, modulated by changes in tidal elevation was tested. During the measurement period, rip circulation was characterised by a large rotational surf zone eddy 0(200 m) extending offshore from the inner-surf zone to the seaward face of the inter-tidal transverse bar. During high- and mid-tide, water depth over the bars was too deep to allow wave breaking, and a strong longshore current dominated the surf zone. As the water depth decreased towards low-tide, wave breaking was concentrated over the bar crests initiating the rotational rip current eddy. Peak rip flow speeds of 1.3 m s(-1) were recorded around low-tide when the joint effects of dissipation and morphological constriction were maximised. At low tide, dissipation over the bar crests was reduced by partial bar-emergence and observations suggested that rip flows were maintained by morphological constriction and the side-drainage of water from the transverse bars. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Austin, Martin; Scott, Tim; Masselink, Gerd; Russell, Paul] Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Brown, Jeff] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE USA. [Brown, Jenna; MacMahan, Jamie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Austin, M (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM martin.austin@plymouth.ac.uk RI Austin, Martin/J-4753-2013; Masselink, Gerd/B-6743-2015; OI Masselink, Gerd/0000-0001-6079-7611; Austin, Martin/0000-0003-3179-8767 FU Peninsular Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE); ONR [N0001409WR20221, N0001409WR20222]; NSF [OCE 0728324]; U of Delaware; [HEIF2/RNLI] FX We would like to thank our excellent field team Saul Reynolds, lain Fairly, Tim Poate, Matt Hilton, Will Hibberd and James Moon for their efforts throughout the experiment. We are also indebted to the RNLI for their logistical support. Austin was supported by funds made available through the Wave Hub Impacts on Seabed and Shoreline Processes (WHISSP) project, funded by the Peninsular Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE). Scott was supported by a HEIF2/RNLI award to the University of Plymouth. Mac Mahan was supported by ONR contract #N0001409WR20221, N0001409WR20222, and the NSF OCE 0728324. Brown (JW) was supported by the DE Sea Grant, U of Delaware and the NSF OCE 0728324. Brown (JA) was supported DE Sea Grant, U of Delaware and the NSF OCE 0728324. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY 31 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1149 EP 1165 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.03.005 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 609OC UT WOS:000278665300011 ER PT J AU Qi, H Alexson, D Glembocki, O Prokes, SM AF Qi, Hua Alexson, Dimitri Glembocki, Orest Prokes, S. M. TI The effect of size and size distribution on the oxidation kinetics and plasmonics of nanoscale Ag particles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; BY-LAYER FILMS; SILVER NANOCLUSTERS; SILICON NANOWIRES; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHTHALOCYANINE; GROWTH AB We employed a simple and effective electroless (EL) plating approach to produce silver nanoparticles (NPs) on bare silicon, on dielectric ZnO nanowires (NWs) and on Si NWs, respectively. The surface stability of the homogeneous Ag NPs formed on the ZnO NW surfaces was investigated by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which show that the attachment of thiol to the Ag surface can slow down the oxidation process, and the SERS signal remains strong for more than ten days. To further examine the Ag NP oxidation process in air, the oxygen content in the silicon nanowire core/Ag sheath composites was monitored by the energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) method. The amount of oxygen in the system increases with time, indicating the silver NPs were continuously oxidized, and it is not clear if saturation is reached in this time period. To investigate the influence of the Ag NPs size distribution on the oxidation process, the oxygen amount in the NPs formed by EL deposition and e-beam (EB) evaporation on a bare silicon surface was compared. Results indicate a faster oxidation process in the EL formed Ag NPs than those produced by EB evaporation. We attribute this observation to the small diameter of the EL produced silver particles, which results in a higher surface energy. C1 [Qi, Hua; Alexson, Dimitri; Glembocki, Orest; Prokes, S. M.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qi, H (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huaqi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). HQ thanks the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) program. Ms Yung J is thanked for providing silicon NWs. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 47 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 28 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 21 AR 215706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/21/215706 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 590HE UT WOS:000277215200023 PM 20431201 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Galysh, IJ Koch, DE AF Bernhardt, Paul A. Siefring, Carl L. Galysh, Ivan J. Koch, Douglas E. TI A new technique for absolute total electron content determination using the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 and the CERTO beacons on COSMIC SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIO BEACON; IONOSPHERE; MISSION; POLARIZATION AB Highly accurate measurements of total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere are made using beacon transmitters and a beacon receiver on low Earth orbit satellites. The Naval Research Laboratory Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) instrument, in a nearly circular orbit at 560 km altitude and 35 inclination, uses signals from more than 12 VHF/UHF radio beacons also in low Earth orbits. CITRIS recordings of differential phase observations estimate TEC between two satellites using a differential phase technique and are limited by the 2 pi ambiguities of the measurements. During space-to-space conjunctions, nearby passes allow determination of absolute TEC by assuming that the TEC is zero for extrapolations to zero separation. Data from CITRIS conjunctions with the Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography (CERTO) beacons on the Taiwanese COSMIC satellites provide absolute TEC and horizontal electron density gradients. Accurate absolute TEC measurements, though difficult to obtain, are important for successful space weather modeling. These types of high-resolution ionospheric observations have been routinely collected for midlatitude and low-latitude regions of the ionosphere with CITRIS for the past 2 years. C1 [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Siefring, Carl L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Galysh, Ivan J.; Koch, Douglas E.] USN, Res Lab, Space Syst Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors acknowledge the contributions of M. Long from the NRL Spacecraft Engineering Department and T. Rodilesso and T. MacDonald of the NRL Space Systems Development Department for design and construction of the NRL receiver. The authors thank the National Space Program Office of Taiwan for scheduling the operation of the CERTO beacon on COSMIC FM5. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 28 PY 2010 VL 45 AR RS3006 DI 10.1029/2009RS004243 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 604AG UT WOS:000278249100001 ER PT J AU England, SL Immel, TJ Huba, JD Hagan, ME Maute, A DeMajistre, R AF England, S. L. Immel, T. J. Huba, J. D. Hagan, M. E. Maute, A. DeMajistre, R. TI Modeling of multiple effects of atmospheric tides on the ionosphere: An examination of possible coupling mechanisms responsible for the longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WIND IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MESOSPHERE; ENHANCEMENT; SIMULATIONS; AIRGLOW; MIDDLE AB A number of recent studies have highlighted the observational evidence for a coupling between atmospheric tides in the thermosphere and the electron density structure of the ionosphere. The most commonly proposed mechanism to explain this is an electrodynamic coupling between tides at E region altitudes and ion drifts at F region altitudes. However, based on both the observational evidence from recent satellite missions such as those of the neutral winds associated with nonmigrating tides at F region altitudes, and considering the theoretical effects of atmospheric tides on the thermosphere and ionosphere, more than one coupling mechanism must be considered. We use Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere to test a set of electrodynamic and chemical-dynamical coupling mechanisms that could explain the link between tides in the thermosphere and the low-latitude ionosphere. We investigate the possible role of the vertical drifts during the both the day and around sunset, perturbations to the thermospheric neutral density and thermospheric [O]/[N-2], and tidal winds at F region altitudes. These simulations give an estimate of the sensitivity of the nighttime ionosphere to each of these coupling mechanisms. We then compare the results of these sensitivity tests with the effects of atmospheric tides on different thermospheric parameters as simulated by a self-consistent model of the atmosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamic system (thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model). This comparison shows that in addition to the E region dynamo modulation, the potential coupling between tides and the ionosphere via changes in thermospheric [O]/[N-2], meridional winds at F region altitudes, and modification of the vertical drifts around sunset could play an important role and all require further study, both with models and new observations. C1 [England, S. L.; Immel, T. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hagan, M. E.; Maute, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [DeMajistre, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP England, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM england@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Hagan, Maura/C-7200-2008 OI Hagan, Maura/0000-0002-8866-7429 FU NASA [NNX07AT80G, NNX07AG44G]; ONR; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the NASA Living With a Star program through the grant NNX07AT80G. The TIMED-GUVI analysis was supported by the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program through the grant NNX07AG44G. J.D.H. was supported by ONR. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors wish to thank Wenbin Wang for his comments on the initial draft of this paper. NR 53 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A05308 DI 10.1029/2009JA014894 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 603ZV UT WOS:000278247900003 ER PT J AU Zins, SR Amare, MF Anam, K Elster, EA Davis, TA AF Zins, Stephen R. Amare, Mihret F. Anam, Khairul Elster, Eric A. Davis, Thomas A. TI Wound trauma mediated inflammatory signaling attenuates a tissue regenerative response in MRL/MpJ mice SO JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-INJURY; IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION; MURINE MODEL; MOUSE; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; FIBROSIS; TRIGGERS AB Background: Severe trauma can induce pathophysiological responses that have marked inflammatory components. The development of systemic inflammation following severe thermal injury has been implicated in immune dysfunction, delayed wound healing, multi-system organ failure and increased mortality. Methods: In this study, we examined the impact of thermal injury-induced systemic inflammation on the healing response of a secondary wound in the MRL/MpJ mouse model, which was anatomically remote from the primary site of trauma, a wound that typically undergoes scarless healing in this specific strain. Ear-hole wounds in MRL/MpJ mice have previously displayed accelerated healing and tissue regeneration in the absence of a secondary insult. Results: Severe thermal injury in addition to distal ear-hole wounds induced marked local and systemic inflammatory responses in the lungs and significantly augmented the expression of inflammatory mediators in the ear tissue. By day 14, 61% of the ear-hole wounds from thermally injured mice demonstrated extensive inflammation with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, extensive ulceration, and various level of necrosis to the point where a large percentage (38%) had to be euthanized early during the study due to extensive necrosis, inflammation and ear deformation. By day 35, ear-hole wounds in mice not subjected to thermal injury were completely closed, while the ear-hole wounds in thermally injured mice exhibited less inflammation and necrosis and only closed partially (62%). Thermal injury resulted in marked increases in serum levels of IL-6, TNF alpha, KC (CXCL1), and MIP-2 alpha (CXCL2). Interestingly, attenuated early ear wound healing in the thermally injured mouse resulted in incomplete tissue regeneration in addition to a marked inflammatory response, as evidenced by the histological appearance of the wound and increased transcription of potent inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the observed systemic inflammatory response of a severe thermal injury undoubtedly has an adverse effect on wound healing and tissue regeneration. C1 [Zins, Stephen R.; Amare, Mihret F.; Anam, Khairul; Elster, Eric A.; Davis, Thomas A.] USN, Regenerat Med Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USN, Regenerat Med Dept, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM thomas.davis1@med.navy.mil FU BUMED [601153N.04508.5180.A0801, 601153N.04508.519.A0508]; ONR [602236N.42237.W160.A0806] FX This work was supported by BUMED work units 601153N.04508.5180.A0801, 601153N.04508.519.A0508, and ONR work unit 602236N.42237.W160.A0806 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-9255 J9 J INFLAMM-LOND JI J. Inflamm.-Lond. PD MAY 25 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1476-9255-7-25 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 616YE UT WOS:000279246600001 PM 20500883 ER PT J AU Garrido, M Wijesundara, KC Ramanathan, S Stinaff, EA Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Garrido, Mauricio Wijesundara, Kushal C. Ramanathan, Swati Stinaff, E. A. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. TI Electric field control of a quantum dot molecule through optical excitation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electron-hole recombination; excitons; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; optical tuning; photoluminescence; self-assembly; semiconductor quantum dots; spectral line shift ID SCHOTTKY-BARRIER FORMATION AB Nonresonant optical excitation of a coupled quantum dot system was seen to generate a shift in the electric-field-dependent photoluminescence spectra. By monitoring the interdot recombination associated with an electron and hole in different dots we were able to precisely monitor the internal electric field generated. Power, wavelength, and applied field dependence of the charging was studied. Such an optically generated electric field may provide a means for applying local oscillating voltages, allowing for optical tuning of the device parameters. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3430506] C1 [Garrido, Mauricio; Wijesundara, Kushal C.; Ramanathan, Swati; Stinaff, E. A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Garrido, Mauricio; Wijesundara, Kushal C.; Ramanathan, Swati; Stinaff, E. A.] Ohio Univ, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena Inst, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garrido, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM stinaff@ohio.edu FU Ohio University FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ohio University's CMSS and BNNT programs for their support. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 21 AR 211115 DI 10.1063/1.3430506 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BP UT WOS:000278183200015 ER PT J AU Cassano, T AF Cassano, Tony TI MILITARY BENEFITS SO FORTUNE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Providence Forge, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIME INC PI NEW YORK PA TIME & LIFE BUILDING ROCKEFELLER CENTER, NEW YORK, NY 10020-1393 USA SN 0015-8259 J9 FORTUNE JI Fortune PD MAY 24 PY 2010 VL 161 IS 7 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 595GV UT WOS:000277599600002 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Qi, CF Shin, DM Zingone, A Newbery, HJ Kovalchuk, AL Abbott, CM Morse, HC AF Li, Zhaoyang Qi, Chen-Feng Shin, Dong-Mi Zingone, Adriana Newbery, Helen J. Kovalchuk, Alexander L. Abbott, Catherine M. Morse, Herbert C., III TI Eef1a2 Promotes Cell Growth, Inhibits Apoptosis and Activates JAK/STAT and AKT Signaling in Mouse Plasmacytomas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ELONGATION-FACTOR EEF1A2; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; THERAPEUTIC TARGET; OVARIAN CARCINOMAS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR 1-ALPHA; FACTOR 1A; JAK-STAT; B-CELLS AB Background: The canonical function of EEF1A2, normally expressed only in muscle, brain, and heart, is in translational elongation, but recent studies suggest a non-canonical function as a proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors including breast and ovary. Transcriptional profiling of a spectrum of primary mouse B cell lineage neoplasms showed that transcripts encoding EEF1A2 were uniquely overexpressed in plasmacytomas (PCT), tumors of mature plasma cells. Cases of human multiple myeloma expressed significantly higher levels of EEF1A2 transcripts than normal bone marrow plasma cells. High-level expression was also a feature of a subset of cell lines developed from mouse PCT and from the human MM. Methodology/Principal Findings: Heightened expression of EEF1A2 was not associated with increased copy number or coding sequence mutations. shRNA-mediated knockdown of Eef1a2 transcripts and protein was associated with growth inhibition due to delayed G1-S progression, and effects on apoptosis that were seen only under serum-starved conditions. Transcriptional profiles and western blot analyses of knockdown cells revealed impaired JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling suggesting their contributions to EEF1A2-mediated effects on PCT induction or progression. Conclusions/Significance: EEF1A2 may play contribute to the induction or progression of some PCT and a small percentage of MM. Eef1a2 could also prove to be a useful new marker for a subset of MM and, ultimately, a possible target for therapy. C1 [Li, Zhaoyang; Qi, Chen-Feng; Shin, Dong-Mi; Kovalchuk, Alexander L.; Morse, Herbert C., III] NIAID, Immunopathol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Zingone, Adriana] USN Hosp, NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Newbery, Helen J.; Abbott, Catherine M.] Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Med Genet Sect, Mol Med Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), NIAID, Immunopathol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. EM hmorse@niaid.nih.gov RI Abbott, Catherine/C-7306-2013; OI Morse, Herbert/0000-0002-9331-3705 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Cancer Institute; Wellcome Trust FX This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Cancer Institute. Work in the lab of CMA is supported by the Wellcome Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 21 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 AR e10755 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010755 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 600VQ UT WOS:000278017400012 PM 20505761 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Robbrecht, E Rouillard, AP Sheeley, NR Thernisien, AFR AF Wang, Y. -M. Robbrecht, E. Rouillard, A. P. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Thernisien, A. F. R. TI FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF CORONAL HOLES FOLLOWING THE EMERGENCE OF ACTIVE REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; CYCLE 23; STREAMER BLOBS; MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX; SUN; ROTATION; SPEED; SPECTROMETER AB The low level of solar activity over the past four years has provided unusually favorable conditions for tracking the formation and evolution of individual coronal holes and their wind streams. Employing extreme-ultraviolet images recorded with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory during 2007-2009, we analyze three cases in which small coronal holes first appear at the edges of newly emerged active regions and then expand via flux transport processes, eventually becoming attached to the polar holes. The holes form gradually over timescales comparable to or greater than that for the active regions to emerge, without any obvious association with coronal mass ejections. The evolving hole areas coincide approximately with the footpoints of open field lines derived from potential-field source-surface extrapolations of the photospheric field. One of these coronal-hole systems, centered at the equator and maintained by a succession of old-cycle active regions emerging in the same longitude range, persists in one form or another for up to two years. The other two holes, located at midlatitudes and originating from new-cycle active regions, become strongly sheared and decay away after a few rotations. The hole boundaries and the small active-region holes, both of which are sources of slow wind, are observed to undergo continual short-term (less than or similar to 1 day) fluctuations on spatial scales comparable to that of the supergranulation. From in situ measurements, we identify a number of plasma sheets associated with pseudostreamers separating holes of the same polarity. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Robbrecht, E.; Rouillard, A. P.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Thernisien, A. F. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robbrecht, E.; Rouillard, A. P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Thernisien, A. F. R.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; eva.robbrecht@oma.be; alexisrouillard@yahoo.co.uk; neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil; arnaud.thernisien@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are indebted to R. K. Ulrich (MWO) and J. T. Hoeksema (WSO) for making the photospheric field data used in this paper available. We also thank N. U. Crooker and M. Neugebauer for helpful discussions on the in situ signatures of coronal pseudostreamers. This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/39 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100004 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Rouillard, AP AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Rouillard, A. P. TI TRACKING STREAMER BLOBS INTO THE HELIOSPHERE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGION; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SUN; SECCHI; EARTH AB In this paper, we use coronal and heliospheric images from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft to track streamer blobs into the heliosphere and to observe them being swept up and compressed by the fast wind from low-latitude coronal holes. From an analysis of their elongation/time tracks, we discover a "locus of enhanced visibility" where neighboring blobs pass each other along the line of sight and their corotating spiral is seen edge-on. The detailed shape of this locus accounts for a variety of east-west asymmetries and allows us to recognize the spiral of blobs by its signatures in the STEREO images: in the eastern view from STEREO-A, the leading edge of the spiral is visible as a moving wavefront where foreground ejections overtake background ejections against the sky and then fade. In the western view from STEREO-B, the leading edge is only visible close to the Sun-spacecraft line where the radial path of ejections nearly coincides with the line of sight. In this case, we can track large-scale waves continuously back to the lower corona and see that they originate as face-on blobs. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Rouillard, A. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil; alexisrouillard@yahoo.co.uk FU NASA, UK; PPARC, Germany; DLR, in Belgium, Science Policy Office; CNES; CNRS; USAF; ONR FX The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of NRL (US), LMSAL (US), NASA/GSFC (US), RAL (UK), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). In the US, funding was provided by NASA, in the UK by PPARC, in Germany by DLR, in Belgium by the Science Policy Office, and in France by CNES and CNRS. NRL received support from the USAF Space Test Program and ONR. We are grateful to our many colleagues in these organizations who made these observations possible. In particular, we would like to acknowledge Nathan Rich (NRL) and Tom Cooper (Cornell University) for a wide variety of programming assistance and Yi-MingWang (NRL) for his continued scientific help and advice. We have also benefited from helpful scientific discussions with Arnaud Thernisien (USRA) and Brian Wood (NRL). NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/300 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100025 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Antolini, E Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bogart, JR Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Celotti, A Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chen, AW Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Cotter, G Cutini, S D'Elia, V Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F De Rosa, A Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Escande, L Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Healey, SE Hill, AB Horan, D Hughes, RE Iafrate, G Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lavalley, C Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Malaguti, G Massaro, E Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piranomonte, S Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stawarz, L Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Taylor, GB Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Ubertini, P Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Villata, M Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Antolini, E. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bogart, J. R. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Celotti, A. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chen, A. W. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cotter, G. Cutini, S. D'Elia, V. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. De Rosa, A. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Escande, L. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Healey, S. E. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Iafrate, G. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lavalley, C. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Malaguti, G. Massaro, E. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piranomonte, S. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stawarz, L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Taylor, G. B. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Ubertini, P. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Villata, M. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI THE FIRST CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; catalogs; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies ID VLBA CALIBRATOR SURVEY; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CLASS BLAZAR SURVEY; RADIO-LOUD AGN; SPACE-TELESCOPE; DATA RELEASE; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS AB We present the first catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), corresponding to 11 months of data collected in scientific operation mode. The First LAT AGN Catalog (1LAC) includes 671 gamma-ray sources located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10 degrees) that are detected with a test statistic greater than 25 and associated statistically with AGNs. Some LAT sources are associated with multiple AGNs, and consequently, the catalog includes 709 AGNs, comprising 300 BL Lacertae objects, 296 flat-spectrum radio quasars, 41 AGNs of other types, and 72 AGNs of unknown type. We also classify the blazars based on their spectral energy distributions as archival radio, optical, and X-ray data permit. In addition to the formal 1LAC sample, we provide AGN associations for 51 low-latitude LAT sources and AGN "affiliations" (unquantified counterpart candidates) for 104 high-latitude LAT sources without AGN associations. The overlap of the 1LAC with existing gamma-ray AGN catalogs (LBAS, EGRET, AGILE, Swift, INTEGRAL, TeVCat) is briefly discussed. Various properties-such as gamma-ray fluxes and photon power-law spectral indices, redshifts, gamma-ray luminosities, variability, and archival radio luminosities-and their correlations are presented and discussed for the different blazar classes. We compare the 1LAC results with predictions regarding the gamma-ray AGN populations, and we comment on the power of the sample to address the question of the blazar sequence. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Roth, M.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Conrad, J.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Labs, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Healey, S. E.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Iafrate, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Cannon, A.; Celik, Oe.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannon, A.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Caraveo, P. A.; Chen, A. W.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; D'Elia, V.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celotti, A.] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Lavalley, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cotter, G.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Grp Coll Udine, Sez Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [De Rosa, A.; Ubertini, P.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Escande, L.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Escande, L.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.; Iafrate, G.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.; Malaguti, G.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LAOG, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, UPS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Massaro, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Piranomonte, S.] Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Villata, M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elisabetta.cavazzuti@asdc.asi.it; gasparrini@asdc.asi.it; sehealey@astro.stanford.edu; lott@cenbg.in2p3.fr; Gino.Tosti@pg.infn.it RI giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Malaguti, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9872-3378; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Iafrate, Giulia/0000-0002-6185-8292; D'Elia, Valerio/0000-0002-7320-5862; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; De Rosa, Alessandra/0000-0001-5668-6863; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Piranomonte, Silvia/0000-0002-8875-5453; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; European Community [ERC-StG-200911]; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; W. M. Keck Foundation; ESO telescopes at the La Silla Observatory [083.B-0460(B), 084.B-0711(B)]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam; University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve University; University of Chicago; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study; Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; United States Naval Observatory; University of Washington; National Science Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Funded by contract ERC-StG-200911 from the European Community.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; This research has made us of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of this work is based on archival data, software, or online services provided by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC).; Some of the results presented in this paper are based on observations obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET), a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat-Munchen, and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. The Marcario Low-Resolution Spectrograph (LRS) is named for Mike Marcario of High Lonesome Optics, who fabricated several optics for the instrument but died before its completion. The LRS is a joint project of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope partnership and the Instituto de Astronomia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.; This work is also partly based on optical spectroscopy performed at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), La Palma, Canary Islands (proposal AOT20/09B). These observations confirm some of the redshifts and classifications found with the HET. We thank the HET and TNG personnel for their assistance during the observing runs.; The data in this paper are based partly on observations obtained at the Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory, as part of a collaborative agreement between the California Institute of Technology, its divisions Caltech Optical Observatories and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (operated for NASA), and Cornell University.; Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.; Some of the data in this paper are based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Observatory under programs 083.B-0460(B) and 084.B-0711(B).; The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.; Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U. S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/.; The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, The University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, The Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 120 TC 311 Z9 314 U1 6 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 429 EP 457 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/429 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100036 ER PT J AU Kerdraon, A Pick, M Hoang, S Wang, YM Haggerty, D AF Kerdraon, A. Pick, M. Hoang, S. Wang, Y. -M. Haggerty, D. TI THE CORONAL AND HELIOSPHERIC 2007 MAY 19 EVENT: CORONAL MASS EJECTION, EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER WAVE, RADIO BURSTS, AND ENERGETIC ELECTRONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: particle emission; Sun: radio radiation ID SUN-EARTH CONNECTION; SOLAR; STEREO; CME; SPACECRAFT; EMISSION; ORIGIN; ALPHA; FIELD; AU AB We study the global development of the 2007 May 19 event and investigate the origin and the escape of the energetic electrons responsible for the interplanetary bursts and for the solar energetic particle event. The data analysis combines radio spectral and imaging observations with STEREO EUV observations. We also use the direction-finding capabilities on the Wind/Waves radio instrument. Electron acceleration and injections into the interplanetary medium occur with some delay after the flare. It is shown that they are related to the expansion of the coronal mass ejection and of the extreme ultraviolet imager wave. There are two accelerations at two different locations in the corona which correspond to two different electron trajectories in the interplanetary medium. C1 [Kerdraon, A.; Pick, M.; Hoang, S.] Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Wang, Y. -M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Haggerty, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Kerdraon, A (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. FU CNES; CNRS FX We are grateful to Anne Bouteille for her help for the figures. We thank the STEREO consortium who contributed to making STEREO, SECCHI, and S/WAVES a success. We also thank the referee for helpful comments. This work was supported by both CNES and CNRS. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 468 EP 476 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/468 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100038 ER PT J AU Lugaz, N Hernandez-Charpak, JN Roussev, II Davis, CJ Vourlidas, A Davies, JA AF Lugaz, N. Hernandez-Charpak, J. N. Roussev, I. I. Davis, C. J. Vourlidas, A. Davies, J. A. TI DETERMINING THE AZIMUTHAL PROPERTIES OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS FROM MULTI-SPACECRAFT REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS WITH STEREO SECCHI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); scattering; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID DENSITY STRUCTURES; HELIOSPHERE; BRIGHTNESS; LASCO AB We discuss how simultaneous observations by multiple heliospheric imagers (HIs) can provide some important information about the azimuthal properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere. We propose two simple models of CME geometry that can be used to derive information about the azimuthal deflection and the azimuthal expansion of CMEs from SECCHI/HI observations. We apply these two models to four CMEs well observed by both STEREO spacecraft during the year 2008. We find that in three cases, the joint STEREO-A and B observations are consistent with CMEs moving radially outward. In some cases, we are able to derive the azimuthal cross section of the CME fronts, and we are able to measure the deviation from self-similar evolution. The results from this analysis show the importance of having multiple satellites dedicated to space weather forecasting, for example, in orbits at the Lagrangian L4 and L5 points. C1 [Lugaz, N.; Roussev, I. I.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hernandez-Charpak, J. N.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Davis, C. J.; Davies, J. A.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lugaz, N (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM nlugaz@ifa.hawaii.edu; jorge-he@uniandes.edu.co; iroussev@ifa.hawaii.edu; chris.davis@stfc.ac.uk; jackie.davies@stfc.ac.uk RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649 FU NSF [ATM0819653, ATM-0639335]; NASA [NNX07AC13G, NNX08AQ16G]; NSF/REU FX The research for this manuscript was supported by NSF grant ATM0819653 and NASA grants NNX07AC13G and NNX08AQ16G. J.N.H.-C.'s stay in Hawaii was supported by NSF grant ATM-0639335 and the NSF/REU program. We thank Ying Liu and an anonymous reviewer for helping us improve this paper. SOHO and STEREO are projects of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee, and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). NR 26 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/493 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100041 ER PT J AU Kataoka, J Stawarz, L Cheung, CC Tosti, G Cavazzuti, E Celotti, A Nishino, S Fukazawa, Y Thompson, DJ McConville, WF AF Kataoka, J. Stawarz, L. Cheung, C. C. Tosti, G. Cavazzuti, E. Celotti, A. Nishino, S. Fukazawa, Y. Thompson, D. J. McConville, W. F. TI gamma-RAY SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF NGC 1275 OBSERVED WITH FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 1275); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PEAKED BL-LACERTAE; RADIO GALAXY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PERSEUS CLUSTER; SOURCE LIST; W-COMAE; EMISSION; DISCOVERY; BLAZAR AB We report on a detailed investigation of the high-energy gamma-ray emission from NGC 1275, a well-known radio galaxy hosted by a giant elliptical located at the center of the nearby Perseus cluster. With the increased photon statistics, the center of the gamma-ray-emitting region is now measured to be separated by only 0.46 arcmin from the nucleus of NGC 1275, well within the 95% confidence error circle with radius similar or equal to 1.5 arcmin. Early Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations revealed a significant decade-timescale brightening of NGC 1275 at GeV photon energies, with a flux about 7 times higher than the one implied by the upper limit from previous EGRET observations. With the accumulation of one year of Fermi-LAT all-sky-survey exposure, we now detect flux and spectral variations of this source on month timescales, as reported in this paper. The average > 100 MeV gamma-ray spectrum of NGC 1275 shows a possible deviation from a simple power-law shape, indicating a spectral cutoff around an observed photon energy of epsilon(gamma) = 42.2 +/- 19.6 GeV, with an average flux of F(gamma) = (2.31 +/- 0.13) x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and a power-law photon index, Gamma(gamma) = 2.13 +/- 0.02. The largest gamma-ray flaring event was observed in 2009 April-May and was accompanied by significant spectral variability above epsilon(gamma) greater than or similar to 1-2 GeV. The gamma-ray activity of NGC 1275 during this flare can be described by a hysteresis behavior in the flux versus photon index plane. The highest energy photon associated with the gamma-ray source was detected at the very end of the observation, with the observed energy of epsilon(gamma) = 67.4 GeV and an angular separation of about 2.4 arcmin from the nucleus. In this paper we present the details of the Fermi-LAT data analysis, and briefly discuss the implications of the observed gamma-ray spectral evolution of NGC 1275 in the context of gamma-ray blazar sources in general. C1 [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Cheung, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celotti, A.] SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Nishino, S.; Fukazawa, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Thompson, D. J.; McConville, W. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McConville, W. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kataoka, J (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'EnergieAtomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; Polish MNiSW [N-N203-380336] FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'EnergieAtomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; We acknowledge S. Digel and J. Finke for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. L. S. is grateful for the support from the Polish MNiSW through the grant N-N203-380336. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP 554 EP 560 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/554 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590HM UT WOS:000277216100046 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Bautista, M Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Cui, W Dickherber, R Duke, C Falcone, A Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ Lamerato, A LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Petry, D Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Roustazadeh, P Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Senturk, GD Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Tesic, G Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Zitzer, B Ackermann, M Ajello, M Antolini, E Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ripken, J Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Bautista, M. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. Lamerato, A. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Petry, D. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Roustazadeh, P. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Senturk, G. Demet Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Tesic, G. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Antolini, E. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ripken, J. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI THE DISCOVERY OF gamma-RAY EMISSION FROM THE BLAZAR RGB J0710+591 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (RGB J0710+591, VER J0710+591); gamma rays: galaxies ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV TELESCOPES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HOST GALAXIES; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; LAC OBJECTS; SAMPLE; CONSTRAINTS; ASTRONOMY; VERITAS AB The high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object RGB J0710+591 was observed in the very high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) wave band by the VERITAS array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The observations, taken between 2008 December and 2009 March and totaling 22.1 hr, yield the discovery of VHE gamma rays from the source. RGB J0710+591 is detected at a statistical significance of 5.5 standard deviations (5.5 sigma) above the background, corresponding to an integral flux of (3.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) (3% of the Crab Nebula's flux) above 300 GeV. The observed spectrum can be fit by a power law from 0.31 to 4.6 TeV with a photon spectral index of 2.69 +/- 0.26(stat) +/- 0.20(sys). These data are complemented by contemporaneous multiwavelength data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, the Swift X-ray Telescope, the Swift Ultra-Violet and Optical Telescope, and the Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT observatory. Modeling the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) with an equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model yields a good statistical fit to the data. The addition of an external-Compton component to the model does not improve the fit nor brings the system closer to equipartition. The combined Fermi and VERITAS data constrain the properties of the high-energy emission component of the source over 4 orders of magnitude and give measurements of the rising and falling sections of the SED. C1 [Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Gibbs, K.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Aliu, E.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Arlen, T.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bautista, M.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.; Tesic, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Boettcher, M.; Lamerato, A.; Roustazadeh, P.] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Rose, H. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Byrum, K.; Smith, A. W.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cannon, A.; Grube, J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Sembroski, G. H.; Varlotta, A.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Finnegan, G.; Godambe, S.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Vincent, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Weisgarber, T.; Wissel, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Petry, D.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Pichel, A.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Senturk, G. Demet] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Antolini, E.; Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Laboratoire AIM, CEA IRFU,CEA Saclay,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ripken, J.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dumora, D.; Lott, B.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Acciari, VA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM jperkins@cfa.harvard.edu; fortin@llr.in2p3.fr RI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; OI Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; STFC in the UK; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The VERITAS Collaboration acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland, and by STFC in the UK. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP L49 EP L55 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/715/1/L49 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590NM UT WOS:000277233200011 ER PT J AU Kilic, M Munn, JA Williams, KA Kowalski, PM von Hippel, T Harris, HC Jeffery, EJ DeGennaro, S Brown, WR McLeod, B AF Kilic, Mukremin Munn, Jeffrey A. Williams, Kurtis A. Kowalski, P. M. von Hippel, Ted Harris, Hugh C. Jeffery, Elizabeth J. DeGennaro, Steven Brown, Warren R. McLeod, B. TI VISITORS FROM THE HALO: 11 Gyr OLD WHITE DWARFS IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars: atmospheres; stars: evolution; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; FINAL MASS RELATION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COOLING SEQUENCE; ATMOSPHERE MODELS; GALACTIC HALO; STARS; EVOLUTION; END; CONSTRAINTS AB We report the discovery of three nearby old halo white dwarf (WD) candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including two stars in a common proper motion binary system. These candidates are selected from our 2800 deg(2) proper motion survey on the Bok and U. S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1.3 m telescopes, and they display proper motions of 0.'' 4-0 ''.5 yr(-1). Follow-up MMT spectroscopy and near-infrared photometry demonstrate that all three objects are hydrogen-dominated atmosphere WDs with T(eff) approximate to 3700-4100 K. For average mass WDs, these temperature estimates correspond to cooling ages of 9-10 Gyr, distances of 70-80 pc, and tangential velocities of 140-200 km s(-1). Based on the UVW space velocities, we conclude that they most likely belong to the halo. Furthermore, the combined main-sequence and WD cooling ages are 10-11 Gyr. Along with SDSS J1102+4113, they are the oldest field WDs currently known. These three stars represent only a small fraction of the halo WD candidates in our proper motion survey, and they demonstrate that deep imaging surveys like the Pan-STARRS and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope should find many old thick disk and halo WDs that can be used to constrain the age of the Galactic thick disk and halo. C1 [Kilic, Mukremin; Brown, Warren R.; McLeod, B.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Harris, Hugh C.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Williams, Kurtis A.; DeGennaro, Steven] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kowalski, P. M.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Kowalski, P. M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Theoret Chem, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [von Hippel, Ted] Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. [Jeffery, Elizabeth J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kilic, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mkilic@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kowalski, Piotr/L-7411-2013; OI Kowalski, Piotr/0000-0001-6604-3458; Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 FU NASA, Caltech; National Science Foundation [AST-0607480, AST-0602288] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program, under an award from Caltech. This material is also based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-0607480 and AST-0602288. We thank the MMIRS commissioning team for obtaining the near-infrared observations, and J. Liebert for extensive help with the Bok telescope imaging observations and for many useful discussions. We also thank E. Olszewski for building the 90Prime instrument and the Steward Observatory Time Allocation Committee for supporting our proper motion survey program. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP L21 EP L25 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/715/1/L21 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590NM UT WOS:000277233200005 ER PT J AU Zavala, RT Hummel, CA Boboltz, DA Ojha, R Shaffer, DB Tycner, C Richards, MT Hutter, DJ AF Zavala, R. T. Hummel, C. A. Boboltz, D. A. Ojha, R. Shaffer, D. B. Tycner, C. Richards, M. T. Hutter, D. J. TI THE ALGOL TRIPLE SYSTEM SPATIALLY RESOLVED AT OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual (Algol); techniques: interferometric ID COMPOSITE SPECTRUM STARS; LIGHT-CURVE ANALYSIS; BETA-PERSEI; SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; HIPPARCOS CATALOG; CLOSE BINARY; INTERFEROMETER; PHOTOMETRY; RESOLUTION; REGION AB Interacting binaries typically have separations in the milliarcsecond regime, and hence it has been challenging to resolve them at any wavelength. However, recent advances in optical interferometry have improved our ability to discern the components in these systems and have now enabled the direct determination of physical parameters. We used the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer to produce for the first time images resolving all three components in the well-known Algol triple system. Specifically, we have separated the tertiary component from the binary and simultaneously resolved the eclipsing binary pair, which represents the nearest and brightest eclipsing binary in the sky. We present revised orbital elements for the triple system, and we have rectified the 180 degrees ambiguity in the position angle of Algol C. Our directly determined magnitude differences and masses for this triple star system are consistent with earlier light curve modeling results. C1 [Zavala, R. T.; Hutter, D. J.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hummel, C. A.] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Boboltz, D. A.; Ojha, R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Ojha, R.] NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Shaffer, D. B.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Tycner, C.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Richards, M. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zavala, RT (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Obs Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; chummel@eso.org; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; rojha@usno.navy.mil; shaffer@alumni.caltech.edu; c.tycner@cmich.edu; mrichards@astro.psu.edu; djh@nofs.navy.mil RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 FU Office of Naval Research; Oceanographer of the Navy; EU [RII3-CT-2004-001566]; National Science Foundation [AST-0908440] FX The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer is a joint project of the Naval Research Laboratory and the US Naval Observatory, in cooperation with Lowell Observatory and is funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Oceanographer of the Navy. The authors thank Jim Benson and the NPOI observational support staff whose efforts made this project possible. S. Bosken and G. Shelton of the USNO Library were very helpful in our literature search. R.T.Z. is thankful for the support of the Fizeau Exchange Visitor Program through the European Interferometry Initiative (EII) and OPTICON (an EU funded framework program, contract number RII3-CT-2004-001566). This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant AST-0908440 to Richards. The literature search made use of the NASA ADS abstract service, the SIMBAD database maintained at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the JSTOR archives. We thank an anonymous referee for numerous suggestions which improved the Letter. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 1 BP L44 EP L48 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/715/1/L44 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590NM UT WOS:000277233200010 ER PT J AU Malik, SW Stemper, BD Metkar, U Yoganandan, N Shender, BS Rao, RD AF Malik, Steven W. Stemper, Brian D. Metkar, Umesh Yoganandan, Narayan Shender, Barry S. Rao, Raj D. TI Location of the Transverse Foramen in the Subaxial Cervical Spine in a Young Asymptomatic Population SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE subaxial cervical spine; vertebral morphology; computerized tomography; vertebral artery; foramen transversarium; uncovertebral joint ID VERTEBRAL ARTERY INJURY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SURGICAL ANATOMY; ANTERIOR; DECOMPRESSION; SURGERY; REPAIR; VOLUNTEERS AB Study Design. Computerized tomography of the subaxial cervical spine in 98 young, asymptomatic North American volunteers. Objective. To provide normative data on subaxial transverse foramen dimensions and location in relation to surgical landmarks routinely used during operative intervention in the anterior cervical spine. Summary of Background Data. Vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spinal surgery is a rare but potentially catastrophic injury. There have been no prior studies in a large group of young, asymptomatic subjects without pathology and where the age, weight, and gender are known. There are no published computerized tomography data evaluating distances between the tip of the uncovertebral joint and the medial margin of the uncovertebral joint, 2 commonly used surgical landmarks. Methods. Axial and reconstructed coronal computerized tomography images of cervical vertebrae from C3 to C7 in 98 asymptomatic young volunteers were analyzed to measure interforaminal distance, transverse foramen distance from anterior and posterior vertebral body margins, transverse foramen dimensions, and transverse foramen medial margin distance from the uncus tip and medial margin. Results. All measurements were significantly different between males and females, with smaller female dimensions. Interforaminal distance gradually increased from C3 to C7. Transverse foramen anterior margin in relation to the anterior vertebral body was significantly more posterior at C7 compared with the C3-C6 levels. Transverse foramen posterior margin in relation to the vertebral body posterior margin gradually moved anteriorly from C3 to C6 and then posterior again at C7. The vertebral uncus tip and medial margin in relation to the medial transverse foramen averaged 2.8 mm and 5.7 mm for males and 2.7 mm and 5.3 mm for females from C3 to C6. Conclusion. Useful morphometric data are provided that may assist the operating surgeon to avoid vertebral artery injury during anterior surgical approaches to the cervical spine. The medial margin of the uncovertebral joint may be the safest landmark to avoid vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical disc surgery. The vertebral artery is at increased risk of injury during neural decompression at more cephalad levels. C1 [Malik, Steven W.; Metkar, Umesh; Yoganandan, Narayan; Rao, Raj D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Yoganandan, Narayan] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Shender, Barry S.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aerosp Med Assoc, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Rao, RD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rrao@mcw.edu FU Federal funds FX Federal funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 12 BP E514 EP E519 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181ce5332 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 601PJ UT WOS:000278074400005 PM 20445473 ER PT J AU Oh, E Susumu, K Goswami, R Mattoussi, H AF Oh, Eunkeu Susumu, Kimihiro Goswami, Ramasis Mattoussi, Hedi TI One-Phase Synthesis of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles with Control over Size and Surface Functionalities SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; POLYMERIC STABILIZERS; SINGLE-MOLECULE; DISULFIDE; CLUSTERS; DESIGN; FLUORESCENT; BIOLOGY; GLYCOL AB We report a simple and efficient synthetic method to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous phase using HAuCl(4) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ligands appended with bidentate anchoring groups. Our approach provides narrow size distribution nanocrystals over the size range between 1.5 and 18 nm; this range is much wider than those achieved using other small molecules and polymer ligands. The NP size was simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of Au-to-PEG ligand precursors. Further passivation of the as-prepared AuNPs permitted in situ functionalization of the NP surface with the desired functional groups. The prepared AuNPs exhibit remarkable stability in the presence of high salt concentrations, over a wide range of pHs (2-13), and a strong resistance to competition from dithiothreitol (DTT). These results are a clear manifestation of the advantages offered by our synthetic approach to prepare biocompatible AuNPs, where modular, multifunctional ligands presenting strong anchoring groups and hydrophilic PEG chains are used. C1 [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, Ramasis] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4006 Chem Sci Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mattoussi@chem.fsu.edu FU NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Army Research Office; Korea Research Foundation [D00089] FX The authors acknowledge NRL, Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Army Research Office for financial support. E.O. was supported by a fellowship from the Korea Research Foundation (D00089). Some of the data were collected using the HRTEM characterization facility provided at the Nanoscience Institute (NRL). We also thank Igor Medintz and Dorothy Farrell for assistance with some experimental details. NR 44 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 12 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 18 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 7604 EP 7613 DI 10.1021/la904438s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 645HX UT WOS:000281444400030 PM 20121172 ER PT J AU Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Natural Fiber Welding SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; cellulose; fibers; ionic liquid; silk ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUID; MORI SILK FIBROIN; CELLULOSE; DISSOLUTION; REGENERATION; COMPOSITES; PLATFORM; CHLORIDE; SURFACE; FILMS AB A process we term "natural fiber welding" is demonstrated by which loose fibers are transformed to create a congealed network using an IL solvent. Several examples are discussed that include cellulosic and protein-based materials. SEM shows the fusion of fibers upon treatment. XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy of cellulosic materials show that significant amounts of the native polymer structure are retained after the process is completed. Data suggest that material at the fiber exterior is preferentially transformed while material in the fiber core is left in the native state. Data also demonstrate that the amount of material modified can be tailored by control of variables such as the IL solvent concentration, the process temperature, and the processing time. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,MS 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the US Naval Academy for funding portions of this work Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Air Force or the US Navy NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD MAY 18 PY 2010 VL 295 IS 5 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1002/mame.201000005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 609FR UT WOS:000278641700003 ER PT J AU Jordan, JL Dattelbaum, DM Sutherland, G Richards, DW Sheffield, SA Dick, RD AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Dattelbaum, Dana M. Sutherland, Gerrit Richards, D. Wayne Sheffield, Stephen A. Dick, Richard D. TI Shock equation of state of a multi-phase epoxy-based composite (Al-MnO2-epoxy) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE-LOADED MATERIALS; DYNAMICAL RESPONSE; ALUMINA PARTICLES; WAVE PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; MESOSCALE; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB There are several studies in the literature regarding the equation of state of alumina-epoxy composites. Although these single component systems interact in a complex manner with shock waves, the addition of a second metal or ceramic particulate can result in even more complex interactions. This paper presents the shock equation of state results on a multi-phase composite Al-MnO2-epoxy. Equation of state experiments were conducted using three different loading techniques-single stage light gas gun, two stage light gas gun, and explosive loading-with multiple diagnostic techniques. The U-s-u(p) relationship is shown to be linear, with deviations from linearity at low, and possibly high, pressures due to the behavior of the epoxy binder. The experimental equation of state data is compared to volume averaged and mesoscale mixture models. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3357314] C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.; Richards, D. Wayne] USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab RWMED, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Sheffield, Stephen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Dick, Richard D.] Shocks Unltd, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Res Lab RWMED, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil FU AFRL/RWME FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of several people and groups who assisted in the construction, setup, and implementation of the experiments-Mr. Mark Grimmonpre (AFRL), Mr. Ricky Beesley (AFRL) and Mr. Mark Johnson (AFRL), AFRL/RW Processing Section, Mr. Alan Zakarais (NSWC-IH), Mr. Grant Rogerson (NSWC-IH), and Mr. Andrew Fraser (NSWC-IH and Marquette University). Dr. John Borg and Mr. Andrew Fraser (Marquette University) provided helpful information regarding mesoscale modeling. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jerry Forbes for useful insights and discussions. This research was sponsored by AFRL/RWME. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Air Force. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 10 AR 103528 DI 10.1063/1.3357314 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BH UT WOS:000278182400053 ER PT J AU Laracuente, AR Yang, M Lee, WK Senapati, L Baldwin, JW Sheehan, PE King, WP Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A. R. Yang, M. Lee, W. K. Senapati, L. Baldwin, J. W. Sheehan, P. E. King, W. P. Erwin, S. C. Whitman, L. J. TI Reversible electron-induced conductance in polymer nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED DESORPTION; HYDROGEN DESORPTION; DOPED POLYACETYLENE; CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACES; PRINCIPLES; TRANSPORT; DIAMOND; FILMS AB We report a mechanism for controlling conductance in polymer nanostructures. Poly (3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (PDDT) nanostructures were directly written between gold electrodes using thermal dip pen nanolithography and then characterized in UHV. We find that the conductivity of a PDDT nanostructure can be increased by more than five orders of magnitude (from <10(-4) to 10 S cm(-1)) by exposure to energetic electrons, and then repeatedly returned to a semi-insulating state by subsequent exposure to hydrogen. Based on systematic measurements complemented by calculations of electronic structure and electron transport in PDDT, we conclude that the conductance modulation is caused by H desorption and reabsorption. The phenomenon has potential applications in hydrogen sensing and molecular electronics. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3428963] C1 [Laracuente, A. R.; Yang, M.; Lee, W. K.; Senapati, L.; Baldwin, J. W.; Sheehan, P. E.; Erwin, S. C.; Whitman, L. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [King, W. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Laracuente, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arnaldo.laracuente@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation (W.P.K.). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 10 AR 103723 DI 10.1063/1.3428963 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BH UT WOS:000278182400089 ER PT J AU Stoltz, CA Mason, BP Hooper, J AF Stoltz, Chad A. Mason, Brian P. Hooper, Joe TI Neutron scattering study of internal void structure in RDX SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; SENSITIVITY; POROSITY; ROCKS AB We present the first small and ultrasmall angle neutron scattering (SANS/USANS) measurements of the internal void morphology of the high explosive RDX on length scales from 10 angstrom to 20 mu m. Measurements were taken on a range of RDX samples with similar densities and particle size distributions but which have significantly different sensitivities to shock initiation as measured by large-scale gap tests of the samples when formulated in standard polymer blends. Scattering measurements were performed using a contrast match technique to eliminate all features apart from internal void structures. The dominant feature in all samples is a surface fractal scattering that extends from similar to 50 nm to above 20 mu m, with no observable upper bound for the fractal correlation length. These features are interpreted in terms of scattering from rough surfaces of interior air-filled voids with fractal dimensionality between 2.4 and 2.9. The fractal pattern is proposed to arise from complex growth patterns on void surfaces as internal solvent diffuses out of the crystallites. No evidence of distinct nanometer-scale voids is observed in any of our RDX samples. The neutron scattering invariant calculated over the measured SANS and USANS range, a gauge of the volume fraction of voids smaller than 20 mu m, tracks well with sensitivity testing of the materials. [doi: 10.1063/1.3369564] C1 [Stoltz, Chad A.; Mason, Brian P.; Hooper, Joe] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Res, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Stoltz, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Res, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM joseph.p.hooper@navy.mil FU Indian Head Division NSWC; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, for providing the neutron research facilities used in this work, J. G. Barker for assistance with data collection and reduction, and C. W. Roberts, A. N. Cruz, J. Thomasson, and B. Choi for analytical support. Work was funded by the Indian Head Division NSWC Core program and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 10 AR 103527 DI 10.1063/1.3369564 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BH UT WOS:000278182400052 ER PT J AU Frenzen, CL Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Frenzen, C. L. Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI On the number of segments needed in a piecewise linear approximation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Piecewise linear approximation; Numeric function generators AB The introduction of high-speed circuits to realize an arithmetic function f as a piecewise linear approximation has created a need to understand how the number of segments depends on the interval a <= x <= b and the desired approximation error E. For the case of optimum non-uniform segments, we show that the number of segments is given as s(epsilon) similar to c/root epsilon, (epsilon -> 0(+)), where c = 1/4 integral(b)(a)root vertical bar f ''(x)vertical bar dx. Experimental data shows that this approximation is close to the exact number of segments for a set of 14 benchmark functions. We also show that, if the segments have the same width (to reduce circuit complexity), then the number of segments is given by s(epsilon) similar to c/root epsilon (epsilon -> 0(+)), where c = (b-a)root vertical bar f ''vertical bar max/4. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Butler, Jon T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Frenzen, C. L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Bu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cfrenzen@nps.edu; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; jon_butler@msn.com FU JSPS; MEXT; Knowledge Cluster Project FX This research is supported in part by the National Security Agency, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS, and MEXT, and a grant of the Knowledge Cluster Project. We appreciate the comments of a referee which improved the manuscript. We wish to thank Dr. Eduardo D'Azevedo for mentioning Ref. [13]. An equidistribution property for the integral of the k-th root of the k-th derivative was advocated for degree k - 1 splines there. For k = 2, this is related to the work in our paper. However the motivation for our result, and its purpose are substantially different from the result there. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 234 IS 2 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2009.12.035 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 584YH UT WOS:000276790000008 ER PT J AU Banerjee, A Sliwinski, D Stewart, KP Moller, KD Grebel, H AF Banerjee, A. Sliwinski, D. Stewart, K. P. Moeller, K. D. Grebel, H. TI Curved infrared screens SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENATED IR SCREENS AB We address curved IR screens for multiwavelength systems. To first-order of the approximation, a curved screen may be viewed as composed of many local flat screens. On the other hand, the validity of such an approximation is not clear a priori. We provide experiments and simulations to show that such an approximation works well for cylindrically curved IR screens while monitoring their peak transmission as a function of the screen curvature. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Banerjee, A.; Sliwinski, D.; Moeller, K. D.; Grebel, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Banerjee, A.; Sliwinski, D.; Moeller, K. D.; Grebel, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Stewart, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grebel, H (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Elect Imaging Ctr, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM grebel@njit.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [IIS0514361]; National MASINT Management Office (NMMO) FX This project was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) IIS0514361. Support by the NCMR Program sponsored by the National MASINT Management Office (NMMO) is greatly appreciated. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1635 EP 1637 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 597QI UT WOS:000277773400048 PM 20479833 ER PT J AU Moon, SJ Shin, JH Parker, D Choi, WS Mazin, II Lee, YS Kim, JY Sung, NH Cho, BK Khim, SH Kim, JS Kim, KH Noh, TW AF Moon, S. J. Shin, J. H. Parker, D. Choi, W. S. Mazin, I. I. Lee, Y. S. Kim, J. Y. Sung, N. H. Cho, B. K. Khim, S. H. Kim, J. S. Kim, K. H. Noh, T. W. TI Dual character of magnetism in EuFe2As2: Optical spectroscopic and density-functional calculation study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 43 K; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS AB We investigate the electronic structure of EuFe2As2 using optical spectroscopy and density-functional calculations. At low temperature we observe the evolution of two gaplike features, one having a weak-coupling mean-field behavior and another with strongly nonmean-field behavior. Using band-structure calculations, we identify the former with a spin-Peierls-type partial gap in d(yz) bands and the latter with the transition across the large exchange gap in d(xz)/d(xy) bands. Our results demonstrate that the antiferromagnetism in the ferropnictides is neither fully local nor fully itinerant but contains elements of both. C1 [Moon, S. J.; Shin, J. H.; Choi, W. S.; Noh, T. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, ReCOE, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Moon, S. J.; Shin, J. H.; Choi, W. S.; Khim, S. H.; Kim, K. H.; Noh, T. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, FPRD, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Parker, D.; Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Y. S.] Soongsil Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156743, South Korea. [Kim, J. Y.; Sung, N. H.; Cho, B. K.] GIST, Dept Nanobio Mat & Elect, Kwangju 50712, South Korea. [Kim, J. Y.; Sung, N. H.; Cho, B. K.] GIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 50712, South Korea. [Khim, S. H.; Kim, K. H.] Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, J. S.] POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, ReCOE, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM davidspa@dave.nrl.navy.mil; twnoh@snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Jun Sung/G-8861-2012; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013; Choi, Woo Seok/G-8783-2014 OI Kim, Jun Sung/0000-0002-1413-7265; FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2009-0080567, 2009-0076978, 2009-0078928, M10600000238] FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with S.Y. Park and H.J. Choi. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (Grant No. 2009-0080567). Y.S.L. was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the MEST (Grant No. 2009-0076978). The work at GIST was supported by the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation funded by MEST (Grant No. 2009-0078928). K. H. K. is supported by the NRL program (Grant No. M10600000238) by MEST. NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 20 AR 205114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.205114 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 602MX UT WOS:000278144500029 ER PT J AU Novikova, EI Novikov, ID AF Novikova, Elena I. Novikov, Igor D. TI Homogeneous singularity generated by exotic matter, with applications to collapsed black holes and wormholes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ENERGY CONDITION; GRAVITATION; RELATIVITY; SPACE; TIME AB We analyze analytically and numerically the origin of the singularity in the course of the collapse of a wormhole with the exotic scalar field Psi with negative energy density, and with this field Psi together with the ordered magnetic field H. We do this under the simplifying assumptions of the spherical symmetry and that in the vicinity of the singularity the solution of the Einstein equations depends only on one coordinate (the homogeneous approximation). In the framework of these assumptions we found the principal difference between the case of the collapse of the ordinary scalar field Phi with the positive energy density together with an ordered magnetic field H and the collapse of the exotic scalar field Psi together with the magnetic field H. The later case is important for the possible astrophysical manifestation of the wormholes. C1 [Novikova, Elena I.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Novikov, Igor D.] Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Astro Space, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Novikov, Igor D.] Niels Bohr Inst, Niels Bohr Int Acad, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-00090-a, 08-0200159-a, 2469.2008.2]; Russian Academy of Sciences FX The work was supported in part by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project codes: 08-02-00090-a, 08-0200159-a. Scientific school 2469.2008.2 and the program Origin and Evolution of Stars and Galaxies of Russian Academy of Sciences. I.N. thanks NRL for hospitality during his visits for the work on this project. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 104034 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.104034 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 602NS UT WOS:000278146700082 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Bukowinski, AT Smith, TC Smith, B Dennis, LK Chu, LK Gray, GC Ryan, MAK AF Wells, Timothy S. Bukowinski, Anna T. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Dennis, Leslie K. Chu, Laura K. Gray, Gregory C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Risk Remain Among US Servicemen With Equal Access to Care SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military personnel; occupational exposure; prostatic neoplasms ID HEALTH-CARE; TIME-SCALE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CADMIUM; TRENDS; RACE AB BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among US men, however, the etiology remains unclear. Yet, one consistency is that black non-Hispanic men are at increased risk for prostate cancer compared to white, non-Hispanic men. The goal of this study was to assess relations between demographic and other potential prostate cancer risk factors in the context of the US military healthcare system, which provides equal access to all US servicemen. METHODS. Military healthcare and demographic data were used to describe risk factors for prostate cancer in the US military from September 1993 to September 2003. Cox's proportional hazards regression was employed to model the time to prostate cancer hospitalization. RESULTS. Four hundred eight first prostate cancer hospitalizations were identified among 2,761,559 servicemen. The adjusted rate per 100,000 persons rose from 1.41 to 3.62 for white non-Hispanic men and 1.43 to 6.08 for black non-Hispanic men by the end of the study. The increasing incidence over time for combined race/ethnic groups was similar to trends reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for the US civilian population. No association was observed between occupation and prostate cancer hospitalization. However, black non-Hispanic men were at increased risk compared with white non-Hispanic men (hazard ratio = 2.72, 95% confidence interval: 2.12, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS. No association was observed between occupation and prostate cancer hospitalization. In this relatively young cohort, black non-Hispanic race/ethnicity was found to be predictive of prostate cancer, and this association existed regardless of access to care and socioeconomic status. Prostate 70: 727-734, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Bukowinski, Anna T.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Chu, Laura K.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dennis, Leslie K.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), AFRL HEPA, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Room 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.wells@wpafb.af.mil FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation; Department of Defense [60002, W81XWH-04-1-0163] FX We thank Scott L. Seggerman from the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Seaside, CA. We appreciate the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD. This work represents report 08-31, which was additionally supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. This work was supported by the Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs[W81XWH-04-1-0163]. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD MAY 15 PY 2010 VL 70 IS 7 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1002/pros.21105 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 591XM UT WOS:000277338800005 PM 20033887 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Holt, B Molemaker, MJ DiGiacomo, PM Sletten, MA AF Marmorino, George O. Holt, Benjamin Molemaker, M. Jeroen DiGiacomo, Paul M. Sletten, Mark A. TI Airborne synthetic aperture radar observations of "spiral eddy" slick patterns in the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE; EDDIES; FRONTS; IMAGES; SEA; BAY AB Repeat sampling on hourly time scales using an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used to investigate the occurrence and evolving characteristics of spiral-shaped slick patterns, commonly presumed to be indicators of submesoscale ocean eddies, in the area around Santa Catalina Island, California (similar to 33.4 degrees N, 118.4 degrees W). Simultaneous SAR imagery and boat survey data are examined over two similar to 5 h long periods spaced 3 days apart in April 2003. The SAR imagery reveals several spiral-like patterns, roughly 5 km in diameter, occurring downstream of the western end of Catalina. We believe that the most likely formation mechanism for these patterns is current-wake instability related to the flow of the Southern California Countercurrent along the north shore of Catalina. In one case, there is an observed cold-core eddy and vortex sheet attached to the tip of the island, similar to island-wake simulations done by Dong and McWilliams (2007). In another case, the SAR imagery shows a series of slick patterns that, at least initially, resemble spiral eddies, but the data show no clear evidence of actual ocean eddies being present either at depth or through a rotating surface expression. A speculation is that such features signify island-wake eddies that are relatively weak and dissipate quickly. An unexpected finding was how quickly a spiral slick pattern could deteriorate, suggesting a time scale for the surface feature of the order of only several hours. An implication of this result is that care is needed when interpreting a single satellite SAR imagery for evidence of active submesoscale eddies. Recommendations are made for future field studies. C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Molemaker, M. Jeroen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899 FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory Work Unit [72-8179]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through a contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NRL [72-9201]; U.S. Navy; NOAA; U.S. Government [JA/7230-09-0260] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory Work Unit 72-8179 (G.O.M. and M.A.S.) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through a contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (B.H. and P.M.D. plus UCLA boat). We thank JPL scientists Charles Morris (AIRSAR mission planning) and Bruce Chapman and William Fiechter (AIRSAR processing), Walter Klein of NASA Drydent Flight Research Center, who was mission manager for the AIRSAR flights, and Dave Foley of the NOAA Coastwatch Program for providing AVHRR data. We also thank Yi Chao of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Jei-Kook Choi of the Naval Oceanographic Office for the use of the ROMS output used in Figure 4. Final preparation of the manuscript was funded in part by NRL Work Unit 72-9201. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and helpful comments. The manuscript contents are solely those of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NASA, the U.S. Navy, NOAA, or the U.S. Government. NRL contribution JA/7230-09-0260. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C05010 DI 10.1029/2009JC005863 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 596SX UT WOS:000277706900001 ER PT J AU Read, TD Turingan, RS Cook, C Giese, H Thomann, UH Hogan, CC Tan, E Selden, RF AF Read, Timothy D. Turingan, Rosemary S. Cook, Christopher Giese, Heidi Thomann, Ulrich Hans Hogan, Catherine C. Tan, Eugene Selden, Richard F. TI Rapid Multi-Locus Sequence Typing Using Microfluidic Biochips SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CEREUS GROUP; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; THURINGIENSIS; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; ANTHRACIS AB Background: Multiple locus sequence typing (MLST) has become a central genotyping strategy for analysis of bacterial populations. The scheme involves de novo sequencing of 6-8 housekeeping loci to assign unique sequence types. In this work we adapted MLST to a rapid microfluidics platform in order to enhance speed and reduce laboratory labor time. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using two integrated microfluidic devices, DNA was purified from 100 Bacillus cereus soil isolates, used as a template for multiplex amplification of 7 loci and sequenced on forward and reverse strands. The time on instrument from loading genomic DNA to generation of electropherograms was only 1.5 hours. We obtained full-length sequence of all seven MLST alleles from 84 representing 46 different Sequence Types. At least one allele could be sequenced from a further 15 strains. The nucleotide diversity of B. cereus isolated in this study from one location in Rockville, Maryland (0.04 substitutions per site) was found to be as great as the global collection of isolates. Conclusions/Significance: Biogeographical investigation of pathogens is only one of a panoply of possible applications of microfluidics based MLST; others include microbiologic forensics, biothreat identification, and rapid characterization of human clinical samples. C1 [Read, Timothy D.; Cook, Christopher] USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Turingan, Rosemary S.; Giese, Heidi; Thomann, Ulrich Hans; Hogan, Catherine C.; Tan, Eugene; Selden, Richard F.] Network Biosyst Inc, Woburn, MA USA. RP Read, TD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD USA. EM tread@emory.edu RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011 FU Emory University School of Medicine; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD) [TMTI0068_07_NM_T]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency Initiative; Network Biosystems Inc. Development; Wellcome Trust FX This work was supported by a developmental grant from Emory University School of Medicine to TDR, grant TMTI0068_07_NM_T from the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD), Defense Threat Reduction Agency Initiative to TDR and internal funding from Network Biosystems Inc. Development and maintenance of the PubMLST site used in this study has been funded by the Wellcome Trust. Network Biosystems employees were involved in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 12 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 AR e10595 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010595 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 594UC UT WOS:000277563400008 PM 20485679 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ AF Keskinen, M. J. TI Equatorial ionospheric bubble precursor SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; SPREAD-F; PLASMA BUBBLES; IRREGULARITIES; CAMPAIGN; EVOLUTION; REGION; BRAZIL; RADAR; OCCULTATION AB A time-dependent nonlinear three-dimensional model for the evolution of the equatorial bottomside lower ionosphere in the presence of dissipating gravity waves has been developed. From the numerical solution of the model, it is found that large bottomtype F-region ionospheric density perturbations and electric fields can be driven by dissipating gravity waves from tropospheric sources. The spatial distribution of the ionospheric F-region density perturbations can be characterized as a patchy, layer-like structure and may be responsible, in part, for observed large scale wavelike structures in the equatorial bottomside F-region which are a precursor to fully developed equatorial ionospheric bubbles. Favorable comparison of the model with observations is made. Citation: Keskinen, M. J. (2010), Equatorial ionospheric bubble precursor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09106, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042963. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU NASA FX This work was supported by NASA Living with a Star Targeted Research and Technology program. We thank Sharon Vadas and David Hysell for useful discussions. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L09106 DI 10.1029/2010GL042963 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 596RZ UT WOS:000277704300004 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Ossakow, SL Joyce, G AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Ossakow, S. L. Joyce, G. TI Why do equatorial ionospheric bubbles stop rising? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) three-dimensional simulation code SAMI3/ESF is used to study the long time evolution of equatorial spread F (ESF) bubbles. The ESF bubbles are modeled until they stop rising and become "fossils," with results analyzed to address previously-untested hypotheses. Specifically, it has been suggested that bubbles stop rising when either the local electron density inside the bubble is equal to that of the nearby background or the flux tube-integrated electron density inside the bubble is equal to that of the nearby background. It is shown that equatorial bubbles stop rising when the magnetic flux-tube-integrated ion mass density inside the bubble equals that of the surrounding background ionosphere. In the case of a single ion ionosphere this reduces to the condition that the flux tube-integrated electron densities are in balance, consistent with the hypothesis of Mendillo et al. (2005). Citation: Krall, J., J. D. Huba, S. L. Ossakow, and G. Joyce (2010), Why do equatorial ionospheric bubbles stop rising?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09105, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043128. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ossakow, S. L.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NASA FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NASA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L09105 DI 10.1029/2010GL043128 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 596RZ UT WOS:000277704300006 ER PT J AU Pariat, E Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR AF Pariat, E. Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF QUASI-HOMOLOGOUS SOLAR JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; magnetic reconnection; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic topology ID X-RAY JETS; H-ALPHA SURGES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET JETS; POLAR CORONAL HOLES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX EMERGENCE; ALFVEN WAVES; FINE-STRUCTURE; EMERGING FLUX; ACTIVE-REGION AB Recent solar observations (e. g., obtained with Hinode and STEREO) have revealed that coronal jets are a more frequent phenomenon than previously believed. This higher frequency results, in part, from the fact that jets exhibit a homologous behavior: successive jets recur at the same location with similar morphological features. We present the results of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of our model for coronal jets. This study demonstrates the ability of the model to generate recurrent 3D untwisting quasi-homologous jets when a stress is constantly applied at the photospheric boundary. The homology results from the property of the 3D null-point system to relax to a state topologically similar to its initial configuration. In addition, we find two distinct regimes of reconnection in the simulations: an impulsive 3D mode involving a helical rotating current sheet that generates the jet and a quasi-steady mode that occurs in a 2D-like current sheet located along the fan between the sheared spines. We argue that these different regimes can explain the observed link between jets and plumes. C1 [Pariat, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pariat, E (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris,LESIA, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM etienne.pariat@obspm.fr RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X FU NASA FX This work was supported, in part, by the NASA HTP, LWS TR&T, and SR&T programs. The numerical simulations were performed on DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program resources at NRL-DC. The authors express gratitude for the comments of the anonymous referee. E. P. thanks N.-E. Raouafi for stimulating discussion on links between jets and plumes and C. Parnell for advice on reconnection-rate estimations. NR 89 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 2 BP 1762 EP 1778 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1762 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587ER UT WOS:000276973100066 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Dermer, CD AF Finke, Justin D. Dermer, Charles D. TI ON THE BREAK IN THE FERMI-LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SPECTRUM OF 3C 454.3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (3C 454.3); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; RADIATION-FIELDS; CRAZY-DIAMOND; BLACK-HOLES; QUASARS; BLAZARS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; DISK AB Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observations of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 show a spectral-index change Delta Gamma congruent to 1.2 +/- 0.3 at break energy E(br) approximate to 2.4 +/- 0.3 GeV. Such a sharp break is inconsistent with a cooling electron distribution and is poorly fit with a synchrotron self-Compton model. We show that a combination of two components, namely, the Compton-scattered disk and broad-line region (BLR) radiations, explains this spectral break and gives a good fit to the quasi-simultaneous radio, optical/UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray spectral energy distribution observed in 2008 August. A sharp break can be produced independent of the emitting region's distance from the central black hole if the BLR has a gradient in density proportional to R(-2), consistent with a wind model for the BLR. C1 [Finke, Justin D.; Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [DPR-NNG05ED411, DPR-S-1563-Y] FX We are grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful comments. J.D.F. was supported by NASA Swift Guest Investigator Grant DPR-NNG05ED411 and NASA GLAST Science Investigation DPR-S-1563-Y. C. D. D. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 2 BP L303 EP L307 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/714/2/L303 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590NA UT WOS:000277232000026 ER PT J AU Mitrescu, C L'Ecuyer, T Haynes, J Miller, S Turk, J AF Mitrescu, Cristian L'Ecuyer, Tristan Haynes, John Miller, Steven Turk, Joseph TI CloudSat Precipitation Profiling Algorithm-Model Description SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESENT-WEATHER REPORTS; OCEANIC PRECIPITATION; FREQUENCIES; RETRIEVAL; LIDAR AB Identifying and quantifying the intensity of light precipitation at global scales is still a difficult problem for most of the remote sensing algorithms in use today. The variety of techniques and algorithms employed for such a task yields a rather wide spectrum of possible values for a given precipitation event, further hampering the understanding of cloud processes within the climate. The ability of CloudSat's millimeter-wavelength Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) to profile not only cloud particles but also light precipitation brings some hope to the above problems. Introduced as version zero, the present work uses basic concepts of detection and retrieval of light precipitation using spaceborne radars. Based on physical principles of remote sensing, the radar model relies on the description of clouds and rain particles in terms of a drop size distribution function. Use of a numerical model temperature and humidity profile ensures the coexistence of mixed phases otherwise undetected by the CPR. It also provides grounds for evaluating atmospheric attenuation, important at this frequency. Related to the total attenuation, the surface response is used as an additional constraint in the retrieval algorithm. Practical application of the profiling algorithm includes a 1-yr preliminary analysis of global rainfall incidence and intensity. These results underscore once more the role of CloudSat rainfall products for improving and enhancing current estimates of global light rainfall, mostly at higher latitudes, with the goal of understanding its role in the global energy and water cycle. C1 [Mitrescu, Cristian] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Haynes, John] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Turk, Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Mitrescu, C (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 1 Enterprise Pkwy,Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM cristian.mitrescu@ssaihq.com RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836 FU NASA Earth Science Division [NNG07H43i]; Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N] FX The support of our sponsors, NASA Earth Science Division Radiation Sciences Program CloudSat light precipitation project (NNG07H43i), and the Office of Naval Research under Program Element PE-0602435N, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 991 EP 1003 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2181.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 617TP UT WOS:000279305100011 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Flynn, RA Kim, M Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Bussmann, K Meyer, JR Long, JP AF Kim, C. S. Vurgaftman, I. Flynn, R. A. Kim, M. Lindle, J. R. Bewley, W. W. Bussmann, K. Meyer, J. R. Long, J. P. TI An integrated surface-plasmon source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; LASERS; PROPAGATION; POLARITONS AB A compact and versatile source of coherent surface-plasmon polaritions (SPPs) is demonstrated by end-coupling a laser diode operating at 1.46 mu m to a plasmonic waveguide integrated on the same microchip. With an optimized overlap between the spatial-modes of the laser and a planar-stripe waveguide, a high coupling efficiency of similar to 36% is achieved, that computations show could approach similar to 60% with smaller, readily achievable gaps between laser and waveguide. This integrated and electrically-activated source, with an available SPP power limited only by the laser diode, appears ideally suited for directly driving plasmonic circuitry or surface-enhanced sensors. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, C. S.; Vurgaftman, I.; Kim, M.; Lindle, J. R.; Bewley, W. W.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Flynn, R. A.; Long, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The research was performed while R. A. Flynn held a National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 10 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 10 BP 10609 EP 10615 DI 10.1364/OE.18.010609 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 594TD UT WOS:000277560000085 PM 20588913 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Famier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Finke, J Focke, WB Fortin, P Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Georganopoulos, M Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sambruna, R Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Stawarz, L Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Hardcastle, MJ Kazanas, D AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Famier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Georganopoulos, M. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sambruna, R. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Stawarz, L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Hardcastle, M. J. Kazanas, D. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI Fermi Gamma-Ray Imaging of a Radio Galaxy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; X-RAY; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CENTAURUS-A; LOBES; EMISSION; ELECTRONS; DISCOVERY AB The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected the gamma-ray glow emanating from the giant radio lobes of the radio galaxy Centaurus A. The resolved gamma-ray image shows the lobes clearly separated from the central active source. In contrast to all other active galaxies detected so far in high-energy gamma-rays, the lobe flux constitutes a considerable portion (greater than one-half) of the total source emission. The gamma-ray emission from the lobes is interpreted as inverse Compton-scattered relic radiation from the cosmic microwave background, with additional contribution at higher energies from the infrared-to-optical extragalactic background light. These measurements provide gamma-ray constraints on the magnetic field and particle energy content in radio galaxy lobes, as well as a promising method to probe the cosmic relic photon fields. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Finke, J.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, S.; Romani, R. W.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, S.; Romani, R. W.; Stawarz, L.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay, CEA IRFU,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Trieste, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Cheung, C. C.; Davis, D. S.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Sambruna, R.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.; Kazanas, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Famier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5797, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.; Hanabata, Y.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Cheung, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Teddy.Cheung.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; fukazawa@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; jurgen.knodlseder@cesr.fr; stawarz@slac.stanford.edu RI Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; OI Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU U.S. Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nuclaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale de Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; NASA; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both the development and operation of the LAT, as well as for scientific data analysis. These organizations include NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nuclaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale de Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. C. C. C. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. J. Conrad is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences research fellow (funded by a grant from the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation). We thank N. Odegard for providing the WMAP image. NR 26 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 7 PY 2010 VL 328 IS 5979 BP 725 EP 729 DI 10.1126/science.1184656 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592DZ UT WOS:000277357100032 PM 20360067 ER PT J AU Pillay, D Johannes, MD Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, KE AF Pillay, D. Johannes, M. D. Garsany, Y. Swider-Lyons, K. E. TI Poisoning of Pt3Co Electrodes: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION ACTIVITY; TRANSITION-METALS; SULFUR-OXIDES; PT3NI(111) SURFACES; IMPURITY CATIONS; ALLOY CATALYSTS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; PT(111); CARBON; SO2 AB Density functional theory calculations and rotating ring disk electrode experiments were performed to investigate the poisoning effects of sulfur species on the catalytic properties of elemental Pt and Pt3Co alloy surfaces. Experimental data indicates that there is a positive shift in the oxidation overpotential of Pt3Co accompanied by less oxidation/reduction cycles necessary in rotating ring disk electrode experiments (RRDE) in order to remove most of the sulfur species. Our theoretical calculations suggest that OH clustering is substantially reduced on the Pt3C(111) surface irrespective of the presence of Co atoms versus Pt(111). While the presence of Co does enhance adsorption of electronegative atoms/molecules on neighboring Pt sites, once Co atoms are oxidized or a Co-S bond is formed, they serve as a pin for the poison and subsequently reduce bonding of additional electronegative atoms/molecules at nearby sites. Additionally, our calculations indicate that a combination of effects due to less Pt3Co surface oxidation, more weakly adsorbed S species, and lower reaction barriers for SO2 oxidation on Pt3Co versus Pt subsequently leads to easier cleaning of the surface. C1 [Pillay, D.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garsany, Y.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Alternat Energy Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pillay, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6393,Code 6113, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dpillay@dave.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX We are indebted to Olga Baturina for contributing valuable advice and scientific counsel toward this project. We acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for support of this research. D.P. thanks the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 6 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 17 BP 7822 EP 7830 DI 10.1021/jp906778k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 588FO UT WOS:000277053600044 ER PT J AU Boeneman, K Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Stewart, MH Medintz, IL AF Boeneman, Kelly Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Medintz, Igor L. TI Intracellular Bioconjugation of Targeted Proteins with Semiconductor Quantum Dots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; TAGGED PROTEINS; LIVE CELLS; STABILITY; PROGRESS AB We demonstrate controlled in vivo bioconjugation of a targeted intracellular protein to semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Metal-affinity driven coordination of oligohistidine-appended proteins for chelated divalent cations was exploited to facilitate this interaction. Monomeric mCherry red fluorescent protein recombinantly engineered to express an N-terminal hexahistidine sequence was expressed from a eukaryotic plasmid vector following transfection into COS-1 cells. QDs solubilized with a carboxylated polymeric ligand and pretreated with Ni(2+) were then microinjected into the mCherry-expressing COS-1 cells. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the central QD donors and mCherry acceptors specifically coordinated to their surface was utilized to probe and confirm intracellular conjugate formation. We unexpectedly found that mCherry attachment to the QDs also substantially improves its resistance to photobleaching. This proof-of-concept, highlighting targeted intracellular bioconjugation to QDs, suggests that many cytoplasmic proteins expressing the ubiquitous hexahistidine affinity handle can be specifically attached to QDs in vivo. This approach can facilitate Long-term monitoring of their spacio-temporal activity or, alternatively, allow engineering and in situ assembly of designer chimeric QD-fluorescent protein sensors. C1 [Boeneman, Kelly; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012 FU ASEE; NRC FX The authors acknowledge DTRA and NRL-NSI. K.B. and M.H.S. acknowledge ASEE and NRC fellowships. NR 31 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 5 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 17 BP 5975 EP + DI 10.1021/ja100201w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 589OA UT WOS:000277158500026 PM 20392040 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE Dickinson, GH Orihuela, B Kulp, JL Rittschof, D Wahl, KJ AF Barlow, Daniel E. Dickinson, Gary H. Orihuela, Beatriz Kulp, John L., III Rittschof, Daniel Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Characterization of the Adhesive Plaque of the Barnacle Balanus amphitrite: Amyloid-Like Nanofibrils Are a Major Component SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; CROSS-LINKING; UNDERWATER ADHESIVE; P-COMPONENT; AMPHIBALANUS-AMPHITRITE; NATURAL ADHESIVE; FIBRILS; CEMENT; SURFACE AB The nanoscale morphology and protein secondary structure of barnacle adhesive plaques were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thioflavin T (ThT) staining. Both primary cement (original cement laid down by the barnacle) and secondary cement (cement used for reattachment) from the barnacle Balanus amphitrite(= Amphibalanus amphitrite) were analyzed. Results showed that both cements consisted largely of nanofibrillar matrices having similar composition. Of particular significance, the combined results indicate that the nanofibrillar structures are consistent with amyloid, with globular protein components also identified in the cement. Potential properties, functions, and formation mechanisms of the amyloid-like nanofibrils within the adhesive interface are discussed. Our results highlight an emerging trend in structural biology showing that amyloid, historically associated with disease, also has functional roles. C1 [Barlow, Daniel E.; Kulp, John L., III; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dickinson, Gary H.; Orihuela, Beatriz; Rittschof, Daniel] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Barlow, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.barlow@nrl.navy.mil RI Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964; Dickinson, Gary/0000-0003-1073-1483 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; NRC/NRL Postdoctoral Research Associateship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the following contributions. Peter McPhie (NIH), Kennan Fears (NRL), David Kidwell (NRL), John Russell (NRL), and Laura Binari (NRL) offered helpful ideas and discussions. Peter McPhie also provided the basis spectra for the amyloid g-factor deconvolution and Laura Binari assisted with the amyloid analysis. This research was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research at both NRL and Duke University. JLK was supported by an NRC/NRL Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 63 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 4 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 9 BP 6549 EP 6556 DI 10.1021/la9041309 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 587DV UT WOS:000276969700071 PM 20170114 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Pietron, JJ Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Pietron, Jeremy J. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Measurement of Benzenethiol Adsorption to Nanostructured Pt, Pd, and PtPd Films Using Raman Spectroelectrochemistry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED PLATINUM CATALYSTS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN OXIDATION REACTION; METAL-GAS INTERFACES; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; IN-SITU; TRANSITION-METALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES; AROMATIC HYDROGENATION; BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS AB Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical methods were used to study the behavior of the model adsorbate benzenethiol (BT) on nanostructured Pt. Pd, and Pt electrodes as a function of applied potential. Benzenethiol adsorbs out of ethanolic solutions as the corresponding thiolate, and voltammetric stripping data reveal that BT is oxidatively removed from all of the nanostructured metals upon repeated oxidative and reductive cycling. Oxidative stripping potentials for BT increase in the order Pt < Pt Pd < Pd, indicating that BT adsorbs most strongly to nanoscale Pd. Yet, BT Raman scattering intensities, measured in situ over time scales of minutes to hours, are most persistent on the film of nanostructured Pt. Raman spectra indicate that adsorbed BT desorbs from nanoscale Pt at oxidizing potentials via cleavage of the Pt S bond. In contrast, on nanoscale Pd and PtPd, BT is irreversibly lost due to cleavage of BT C S bonds at oxidizing potentials, which leaves adsorbed sulfur oxides on Pd and PtPd films and effects the desulfurization of BT. While Pd and PtPd films arc less sulfur-resistant than Pt films, palladium oxides, which form at higher potentials than Pt oxides, oxidatively desulfurize BT. In situ spectroelectrochemical Raman spectroscopy provides real-time, chemically specific information that complements the cyclic voltammetric data. The combination of these techniques affords a powerful and convenient method for guiding the development of sulfur-tolerant PEMFC catalysts. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Pietron, Jeremy J.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeremy.pietron@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 4 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 9 BP 6809 EP 6817 DI 10.1021/la904107j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 587DV UT WOS:000276969700108 PM 20136124 ER PT J AU Caballero-Flores, R Franco, V Conde, A Knipling, KE Willard, MA AF Caballero-Flores, R. Franco, V. Conde, A. Knipling, K. E. Willard, M. A. TI Influence of Co and Ni addition on the magnetocaloric effect in Fe88-2xCoxNixZr7B4Cu1 soft magnetic amorphous alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous magnetic materials; boron alloys; cobalt alloys; copper alloys; Curie temperature; entropy; iron alloys; magnetocaloric effects; nickel alloys; soft magnetic materials; zirconium alloys ID ENTROPY CHANGE; REFRIGERATION; PHASE AB We have studied the magnetocaloric effect in a series of Fe88-2xCoxNixZr7B4Cu1 alloys. The partial substitution of Fe by Co and Ni leads to a monotonic increase in the Curie temperature (T-C) of the alloys from 287 K for x=0 to 626 K for x=11. The maximum magnetic entropy change (Delta S-pk(M)) at an applied field of 1.5 T, shows a value of 1.98 J K-1 kg(-1) for x=8.25. The refrigerant capacity (RC) has maximum values near 166 J kg(-1) (for x=0 and 2.75). These values place the present series of alloys among the best magnetic refrigerant materials, with an RC similar to 40% larger than Gd5Si2Ge1.9Fe0.1 and similar to 15% larger than Fe-based amorphous alloys. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3427439] C1 [Caballero-Flores, R.; Franco, V.; Conde, A.] Univ Seville, CSIC, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, ICMSE, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Knipling, K. E.; Willard, M. A.] USN, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caballero-Flores, R (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, ICMSE, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM vfranco@us.es RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Franco, Victorino/B-8982-2008; Conde, Alejandro/A-8115-2013 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Franco, Victorino/0000-0003-3028-6815; Conde, Alejandro/0000-0002-1067-2754 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; EU FEDER [MAT 2007-65227]; PAI of the Regional Government of Andalucia [P06-FQM-01823]; United States Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX30037]; Regional Government of Andalucia FX This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and EU FEDER (Project No. MAT 2007-65227), the PAI of the Regional Government of Andalucia Project No. P06-FQM-01823), and by the United States Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N0001410WX30037). R. C. F. acknowledges a research fellowship from the Regional Government of Andalucia. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 61 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 18 AR 182506 DI 10.1063/1.3427439 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 592ZY UT WOS:000277422000030 ER PT J AU Huffmire, T Levin, T Nguyen, T Irvine, C Brotherton, B Wang, G Sherwood, T Kastner, R AF Huffmire, Ted Levin, Timothy Thuy Nguyen Irvine, Cynthia Brotherton, Brett Wang, Gang Sherwood, Timothy Kastner, Ryan TI Security Primitives for Reconfigurable Hardware-Based Systems SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Design; Security; Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs); Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); memory protection; separation; isolation; controlled sharing; hardware security; reference monitors; execution monitors; enforcement mechanisms; security policies; static analysis; security primitives; Systems-on-a-Chip (SoCs) AB Computing systems designed using reconfigurable hardware are increasingly composed using a number of different Intellectual Property (IP) cores, which are often provided by third-party vendors that may have different levels of trust. Unlike traditional software where hardware resources are mediated using an operating system, IP cores have fine-grain control over the underlying reconfigurable hardware. To address this problem, the embedded systems community requires novel security primitives that address the realities of modern reconfigurable hardware. In this work, we propose security primitives using ideas centered around the notion of "moats and drawbridges." The primitives encompass four design properties: logical isolation, interconnect traceability, secure reconfigurable broadcast, and configuration scrubbing. Each of these is a fundamental operation with easily understood formal properties, yet they map cleanly and efficiently to a wide variety of reconfigurable devices. We carefully quantify the required overheads of the security techniques on modern FPGA architectures across a number of different applications. C1 [Huffmire, Ted; Levin, Timothy; Thuy Nguyen; Irvine, Cynthia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Brotherton, Brett] Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Sherwood, Timothy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wang, Gang] Intuit, San Diego, CA 92122 USA. [Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Huffmire, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tdhuffmi@nps.edu; televin@nps.edu; tdnguyen@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; brett.brotherton@gmail.com; Gang_Wang@intuit.com; sherwood@cs.ucsb.edu; kastner@cs.ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0524771, CCF-0448654]; SMART FX This research was funded in part by National Science Foundation Grant CNS-0524771, NSF Career Grant CCF-0448654, and the SMART Defense Scholarship for Service. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1936-7406 EI 1936-7414 J9 ACM T RECONFIG TECHN JI ACM T. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 AR 10 DI 10.1145/1754386.1754391 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA V20VG UT WOS:000208166900005 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, J Rowenhorst, D Aagesen, LK Thornton, K Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. Rowenhorst, D. Aagesen, L. K. Thornton, K. Pollock, T. M. TI Modeling fluid flow in three-dimensional single crystal dendritic structures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nickel alloys; Dendritic growth; Directional solidification; Modeling; Permeability ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS; FRECKLE FORMATION; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURES; INSTABILITIES; CONVECTION; CASTINGS AB Convection during directional solidification can cause defects such as freckles and misoriented grains To gain a better understanding of conditions associated with the onset of convective instabilities, flow was investigated using three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics simulations in an experimentally obtained dendritic network A serial-sectioned, 3D data set of directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy measuring 2 3 x 2 3 x 15 mm was used to determine the permeability for flow parallel and normal to the solidification direction as a function of solid fraction (f(S)) Anisotropy of permeability varies significantly from 0 4 < f(S) < 0 6 High flow velocity channels exhibit spacings commensurate with primary dendrite arms at the base of the mushy zone but rapidly increase by a factor of three to four towards dendrite tips Permeability is strongly dependent on interfacial surface area, which reaches a maximum at f(S) = 0 65 Results from the 3D simulation are also compared with empirical permeability models, and the microstructural origins of departures from these models are discussed. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Madison, J.; Thornton, K.; Pollock, T. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spowart, J.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aagesen, L. K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017; OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU AFOSR [FA9550-05-1-0104]; NSF; ONR FX The authors acknowledge support from the AFOSR MEANS-II Program, Grant No FA9550-05-1-0104 and the NSF CAREER Award. The authors are also grateful to P Voorhees of Northwestern University for many useful discussions. The primary author also recognizes the ONR HBEC-FF Fellowship for student support. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 2864 EP 2875 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.014 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 584FK UT WOS:000276736200007 ER PT J AU Sanders-Buell, E Bose, M Nasir, A Todd, CS Stanekzai, MR Tovanabutra, S Scott, PT Strathdee, SA Tjaden, J Michael, NL McCutchan, FE AF Sanders-Buell, Eric Bose, Meera Nasir, Abdul Todd, Catherine S. Stanekzai, M. Raza Tovanabutra, Sodsai Scott, Paul T. Strathdee, Steffanie A. Tjaden, Jeffrey Michael, Nelson L. McCutchan, Francine E. TI Distinct Circulating Recombinant HIV-1 Strains Among Injecting Drug Users and Sex Workers in Afghanistan SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC; TYPE-1; IRAN; BREAKPOINTS; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; CRF35-AD; PAKISTAN; SUBTYPE; RISK AB Little information is available regarding a circulating HIV genotype among high-risk groups in Afghanistan; we describe HIV genotypes among injecting drug users (IDUs) and sex workers (SWs) in four Afghan cities. Participants completed behavioral questionnaires and HIV testing. Western blot-confirmed specimens had peripheral mononuclear blood cells isolated for genotyping. Analysis of recombinants was done by bootscanning and manual sequence alignment. The single SW sample harbored a CRF01_AE strain. Of 10 IDUs available for analysis, all were CRF35_AD and from Hirat. Analyzed subregions (gag p17 and env C1-C5) revealed close homology between the Hirat specimens. Three distinct subclusters comprising two or three strains were identified, whereas two other strains were generally equidistant from previously identified Kabul strains. Results suggest that the nascent HIV epidemic among IDUs in Hirat is largely, if not entirely, subtype CRF35_AD, and the close homology suggests recent infection; harm reduction should be supported to avert further transmission. C1 [Todd, Catherine S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Sanders-Buell, Eric; Bose, Meera; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Scott, Paul T.; Michael, Nelson L.; McCutchan, Francine E.] US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. [Nasir, Abdul; Stanekzai, M. Raza] Int Rescue Comm, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Global Publ Hlth, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tjaden, Jeffrey] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, PH 16-69,622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM cst2121@columbia.edu FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [K01TW007408] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Military Infectious Disease Research Program of U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command. The opinions and assertions made by the authors do not reflect the official position or opinion of the U.S. Department of the Navy or Army, or of the respective incountry National HIV/AIDS Control Programs and other Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Dr. Todd appreciates support from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (K01TW007408). NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1089/aid.2009.0226 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 597DO UT WOS:000277736600015 PM 20438383 ER PT J AU Segev, DL Gentry, SE AF Segev, D. L. Gentry, S. E. TI Kidneys for Sale: Whose Attitudes Matter? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DONATION C1 [Segev, D. L.; Gentry, S. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Segev, D. L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S. E.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Segev, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dorry@jhmi.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1114 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03085.x PG 2 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 586OZ UT WOS:000276921600002 PM 20353481 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Udhayakumar, V AF Bacon, David J. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Plasmodium falciparum ATP6 Not under Selection during Introduction of Artemisinin Combination Therapy in Peru Reply SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bacon, David J.] USN, Lab Sci, Environm & Preventat Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. [Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & En, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), USN, Lab Sci, Environm & Preventat Med Unit 2, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM david.bacon@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 54 IS 5 BP 2280 EP 2281 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 585DK UT WOS:000276804300093 ER PT J AU Gauerke, S Driscoll, JJ AF Gauerke, Steven Driscoll, James J. TI Hidradenocarcinomas A Brief Review and Future Directions SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SWEAT GLAND CARCINOMAS; MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA; METASTATIC HIDRADENOCARCINOMA; SALIVARY-GLAND; ADENOCARCINOMA; AXILLA; TUMORS AB Hidradenocarcinomas are rare, aggressive skin adnexal tumors of sweat gland origin that demonstrate a high potential for local recurrence, metastasis, and poor outcome. These neoplasms can derive from preexisting clear cell hidradenomas but more commonly appear de novo, with the molecular events responsible for the pathogenesis currently unknown. Historically, diagnosis has been difficult because of the few cases, inconsistent nomenclature, variable morphology of cells that compose the neoplasm, and confusion with other visceral metastatic tumors. Presentation is generally benign with an indolent clinical course that typically includes local and multiple recurrences. Despite wide-excision surgery, disease at regional lymph nodes and metastatic sites is common and linked to decreased survival. Currently, molecular markers of pathogenesis as well as effective forms of adjuvant chemotherapy are lacking. Future studies are required to identify the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, which may facilitate diagnosis and foster development of molecularly targeted forms of adjuvant therapy. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:781-785) C1 [Driscoll, James J.] NCI, Dept Med Oncol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Gauerke, Steven] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Anat Pathol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gauerke, Steven] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Gauerke, Steven] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Driscoll, JJ (reprint author), NCI, Dept Med Oncol, Bldg 10,Rm 12N-226, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM driscollj@mail.nih.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 134 IS 5 BP 781 EP 785 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 591RI UT WOS:000277320200017 PM 20441512 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Jordan, MS Vitart, F AF Elsberry, Russell L. Jordan, Mary S. Vitart, Frederic TI Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Events on Intraseasonal Timescales with the ECMWF Monthly Forecast Model SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone formation prediction; intraseasonal predictability of tropical cyclone events; ECMWF monthly forecast model ID PREDICTION; SYSTEM; TRACK AB The objective of this study is to provide evidence of predictability on intraseasonal time scales (10-30 days) for western North Pacific tropical cyclone formation and subsequent tracks using the 51-member ECMWF 32-day forecasts made once a week from 5 June through 25 December 2008. Ensemble storms are defined by grouping ensemble member vortices whose positions are within a specified separation distance that is equal to 180 n mi at the initial forecast time t and increases linearly to 420 n mi at Day 14 and then is constant. The 12-h track segments are calculated with a Weighted-Mean Vector Motion technique in which the weighting factor is inversely proportional to the distance from the endpoint of the previous 12-h motion vector. Seventy-six percent of the ensemble storms had five or fewer member vortices. On average, the ensemble storms begin 2.5 days before the first entry of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track file, tend to translate too slowly in the deep tropics, and persist for longer periods over land. A strict objective matching technique with the JTWC storms is combined with a second subjective procedure that is then applied to identify nearby ensemble storms that would indicate a greater likelihood of a tropical cyclone developing in that region with that track orientation. The ensemble storms identified in the ECMWF 32-day forecasts provided guidance on intraseasonal timescales of the formations and tracks of the three strongest typhoons and two other typhoons, but not for two early season typhoons and the late season Dolphin. Four strong tropical storms were predicted consistently over Week-1 through Week-4, as was one weak tropical storm. Two other weak tropical storms, three tropical cyclones that developed from precursor baroclinic systems, and three other tropical depressions were not predicted on intraseasonal timescales. At least for the strongest tropical cyclones during the peak season, the ECMWF 32-day ensemble provides guidance of formation and tracks on 10-30 day timescales. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.; Jordan, Mary S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX The Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section has provided the support for R. L. Elsberry and M. S. Jordan. The ECMWF kindly provided the 32-day ensemble vortex tracks each week. Mrs. Penny Jones expertly prepared the manuscript. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 135 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s13143-010-0013-4 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618QG UT WOS:000279370200002 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, Russell L. TI Critical Time Requirements for Operational Use of Deterministic and Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone track prediction; deterministic numerical model track forecasts; ensemble and multi-model ensemble track forecasts AB Tropical cyclone track forecasts have been improved, and forecast intervals have been extended to five days, owing to improved global and regional numerical model guidance. Critical time requirements that must be met for operational use of the deterministic model track forecasts are summarized for the U. S. and other selected non-U.S. tropical cyclone warning centers. One of the most accurate deterministic model forecasts from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts arrives too late to be used with other models at the + 6 h warning time, and thus is at least 12 h old before it can be operationally used. The time-critical nature of the tropical cyclone warning system is a major obstacle to operational use of single-model, or proposed multi-model, ensemble prediction system (EPS) mean and spread information, which is 12 h (or 18 h) delayed. This EPS mean and spread must also be superior to the mean and spread of the consensus of deterministic models that are available six hours earlier. These requirements must be met before the EPS tropical cyclone tracks will be operationally useful in specifying the uncertainty in the official track forecasts, which is the next challenge in tropical cyclone track warnings. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu FU Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research FX Personnel at a number of tropical cyclone warning centers contributed to this Note: James Franklin of NHC, Bob Falvey of JTWC, Daniel Wu and Kathy Lin of Taiwan CWB, Kiichi Sasaki of RSMC-Tokyo Typhoon Center, and Bruce Gunn of the Brisbane office in the Australia Bureau of Meteorology. James Franklin and a second anonymous reviewer provided very useful information that improved the manuscript. The author is supported by the Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research. Mrs. Penny Jones skillfully prepared the manuscript. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1007/s13143-010-0014-3 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618QG UT WOS:000279370200008 ER PT J AU Lanyi, GE Boboltz, DA Charlot, P Fey, AL Fomalont, EB Geldzahler, BJ Gordon, D Jacobs, CS Ma, C Naudet, CJ Romney, JD Sovers, OJ Zhang, LD AF Lanyi, G. E. Boboltz, D. A. Charlot, P. Fey, A. L. Fomalont, E. B. Geldzahler, B. J. Gordon, D. Jacobs, C. S. Ma, C. Naudet, C. J. Romney, J. D. Sovers, O. J. Zhang, L. D. TI THE CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME AT 24 AND 43 GHz. I. ASTROMETRY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars: general; radio continuum: galaxies; reference systems; techniques: interferometric ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; SERVICE; SYSTEM; DELAY; VLBI AB We present astrometric results for compact extragalactic objects observed with the Very Long Baseline Array at radio frequencies of 24 and 43 GHz. Data were obtained from ten 24 hr observing sessions made over a five-year period. These observations were motivated by the need to extend the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) to higher radio frequencies to enable improved deep space navigation after 2016 and to improve state-of-the-art astrometry. Source coordinates for 268 sources were estimated at 24 GHz and for 131 sources at 43 GHz. The median formal uncertainties of right ascension and declination at 24 GHz are 0.08 and 0.15 mas, respectively. Median formal uncertainties at 43 GHz are 0.20 and 0.35 mas, respectively. Weighted root-mean-square differences between the 24 and 43 GHz positions and astrometric positions based on simultaneous 2.3 and 8.4 GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations, such as the ICRF, are less than about 0.3 mas in both coordinates. With observations over five years we have achieved a precision at 24 GHz approaching that of the ICRF but unaccounted systematic errors limit the overall accuracy of the catalogs. C1 [Lanyi, G. E.; Jacobs, C. S.; Naudet, C. J.; Sovers, O. J.; Zhang, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Boboltz, D. A.; Fey, A. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Charlot, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Charlot, P.] CNRS, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Fomalont, E. B.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Geldzahler, B. J.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Gordon, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Romney, J. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lanyi, GE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ma, Chopo/D-4751-2012 FU NASA; California Institute of Technology; United States Naval Observatory (USNO); NSF; NRAO FX This research was partly supported by NASA contracts, including contracts between NASA and the California Institute of Technology, and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The research has also made use of the USNO Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). VLBA instrumental allocation is supported by NSF, and the authors appreciate the support of the NRAO staff. We wish to express our respect to the late George M. Resch who was an initiator of this endeavor. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1695 EP 1712 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1695 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581HV UT WOS:000276513700001 ER PT J AU Charlot, P Boboltz, DA Fey, AL Fomalont, EB Geldzahler, BJ Gordon, D Jacobs, CS Lanyi, GE Ma, C Naudet, CJ Romney, JD Sovers, OJ Zhang, LD AF Charlot, P. Boboltz, D. A. Fey, A. L. Fomalont, E. B. Geldzahler, B. J. Gordon, D. Jacobs, C. S. Lanyi, G. E. Ma, C. Naudet, C. J. Romney, J. D. Sovers, O. J. Zhang, L. D. TI THE CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME AT 24 AND 43 GHz. II. IMAGING SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; quasars: general; radio continuum: galaxies; surveys ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; HIGH RADIO FREQUENCIES; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; JETS; AGN AB We have measured the submilliarcsecond structure of 274 extragalactic sources at 24 and 43 GHz in order to assess their astrometric suitability for use in a high-frequency celestial reference frame (CRF). Ten sessions of observations with the Very Long Baseline Array have been conducted over the course of similar to 5 years, with a total of 1339 images produced for the 274 sources. There are several quantities that can be used to characterize the impact of intrinsic source structure on astrometric observations including the source flux density, the flux density variability, the source structure index, the source compactness, and the compactness variability. A detailed analysis of these imaging quantities shows that (1) our selection of compact sources from 8.4 GHz catalogs yielded sources with flux densities, averaged over the sessions in which each source was observed, of about 1 Jy at both 24 and 43 GHz, (2) on average the source flux densities at 24 GHz varied by 20%-25% relative to their mean values, with variations in the session-to-session flux density scale being less than 10%, (3) sources were found to be more compact with less intrinsic structure at higher frequencies, and (4) variations of the core radio emission relative to the total flux density of the source are less than 8% on average at 24 GHz. We conclude that the reduction in the effects due to source structure gained by observing at higher frequencies will result in an improved CRF and a pool of high-quality fiducial reference points for use in spacecraft navigation over the next decade. C1 [Charlot, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Charlot, P.] CNRS, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Boboltz, D. A.; Fey, A. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Fomalont, E. B.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Geldzahler, B. J.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Gordon, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jacobs, C. S.; Lanyi, G. E.; Naudet, C. J.; Zhang, L. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Romney, J. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Sovers, O. J.] Remote Sensing Anal Syst, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. RP Charlot, P (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. RI Ma, Chopo/D-4751-2012 FU NASA; California Institute of Technology; U.S. Naval Observatory FX This research was partially supported through NASA contracts with the California Institute of Technology and the U.S. Naval Observatory. This research made use of the USNO Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1770 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1713 PG 58 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581HV UT WOS:000276513700002 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Guinan, E Engle, S Wolk, SJ Schlegel, E Mason, BD Karovska, M Spitzbart, B AF Evans, Nancy Remage Guinan, Edward Engle, Scott Wolk, Scott J. Schlegel, Eric Mason, Brian D. Karovska, Margarita Spitzbart, Bradley TI CHANDRA OBSERVATION OF POLARIS: CENSUS OF LOW-MASS COMPANIONS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; stars: variables: Cepheids; X-rays: stars ID X-RAY-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-PERSEI; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; OPEN CLUSTERS; EMISSION; SUPERGIANTS; PLEIADES; SEARCH; STARS; LINES AB We have observed Cepheid Polaris (alpha UMi A: F7 Ib [Aa] + F6 V [Ab]) with Chandra ACIS-I for 10 ks. An X-ray source was found at the location of Polaris with log L(X) = 28.89 erg s(-1) (0.3-8 keV) and kT = 0.6 keV. A spectrum this soft could come from either the supergiant or the dwarf, as shown by comparable coronal stars. Two resolved low-mass visual companions, "C" and "D," are not physical members of the system based on the lack of X-rays (indicating an age older than the Cepheid) and inconsistent proper motions. Polaris B is not an X-ray source, consistent with its early F spectral type, and probably does not have a lower mass companion itself. A possible more distant member is identified, and an additional less plausible one. This provides a complete census of companions out to 0.1 pc covering a mass ratio range of an order of magnitude and a Delta V of nearly 15 mag. C1 [Evans, Nancy Remage; Wolk, Scott J.; Karovska, Margarita; Spitzbart, Bradley] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guinan, Edward; Engle, Scott] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Engle, Scott] James Cook Univ, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Schlegel, Eric] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Mason, Brian D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS 4,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nevans@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 FU Chandra grants [GO6-711A]; Chandra X-ray Center NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We thank Fred Seward for valuable conversations and Howard Bond for providing a mosaicked WFPC2 image, as well as an estimate of the detection limit from the image. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from Chandra grants GO6-711A and Chandra X-ray Center NASA Contract NAS8-03060 (N.R.E. and M.K.). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1968 EP 1974 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1968 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581HV UT WOS:000276513700018 ER PT J AU Edmondson, JK Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Lynch, BJ Zurbuchen, TH AF Edmondson, J. K. Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. Lynch, B. J. Zurbuchen, T. H. TI INTERCHANGE RECONNECTION AND CORONAL HOLE DYNAMICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic topology; solar wind ID OPEN MAGNETIC-FIELD; HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; SOLAR-WIND; MASS EJECTIONS; SUN; EVOLUTION; MODELS; DISCONNECTION; TOPOLOGY; BREAKOUT AB We investigate the effect of magnetic reconnection between open and closed fields, often referred to as "interchange" reconnection, on the dynamics and topology of coronal hole boundaries. The most important and most prevalent three-dimensional topology of the interchange process is that of a small-scale bipolar magnetic field interacting with a large-scale background field. We determine the evolution of such a magnetic topology by numerical solution of the fully three-dimensional MHD equations in spherical coordinates. First, we calculate the evolution of a small-scale bipole that initially is completely inside an open field region and then is driven across a coronal hole boundary by photospheric motions. Next the reverse situation is calculated in which the bipole is initially inside the closed region and driven toward the coronal hole boundary. In both cases, we find that the stress imparted by the photospheric motions results in deformation of the separatrix surface between the closed field of the bipole and the background field, leading to rapid current sheet formation and to efficient reconnection. When the bipole is inside the open field region, the reconnection is of the interchange type in that it exchanges open and closed fields. We examine, in detail, the topology of the field as the bipole moves across the coronal hole boundary and find that the field remains well connected throughout this process. Our results, therefore, provide essential support for the quasi-steady models of the open field, because in these models the open and closed flux are assumed to remain topologically distinct as the photosphere evolves. Our results also support the uniqueness hypothesis for open field regions as postulated by Antiochos et al. On the other hand, the results argue against models in which open flux is assumed to diffusively penetrate deeply inside the closed field region under a helmet streamer. We discuss the implications of this work for coronal observations. C1 [Edmondson, J. K.; Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Edmondson, J. K.; Zurbuchen, T. H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lynch, B. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edmondson, JK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jkedmond@umich.edu RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NASA FX This work was supported, in part, by the NASA HTP, TR&T, and SR&T Programs, and has benefited greatly from the authors' participation in the NASA TR&T focused science team on the solar-heliospheric magnetic field. All the high performance computing capabilities were provided by the DoD HPCMP. J.K.E. gratefully acknowledges support of a NASA GSRP grant for his PhD research. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP 517 EP 531 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/517 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 583SV UT WOS:000276701000041 ER PT J AU Landi, E Young, PR AF Landi, E. Young, P. R. TI THE RELATIVE INTENSITY CALIBRATION OF HINODE/EIS AND SOHO/SUMER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: spectrographs; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; AN ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; QUIET-SUN; EMITTED RADIATION; ACTIVE-REGION; FE VIII; SOLAR; CHIANTI AB In this work, we have used simultaneous observations of the quiet Sun above the solar west limb obtained with the Hinode/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph and SOHO/SUMER instruments to determine their relative intensity calibration. We used two different methods: intensity ratios of lines emitted by the same upper level and observed in the spectral ranges of the two spectrometers, and the determination of the differential emission measure and total emission measure of the plasma. We review the uncertainties in our analysis and conclude that the relative calibration of the two instruments, as it can be determined from the standard data reduction software of each of them, is correct within uncertainties. C1 [Landi, E.; Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA [NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C] FX The work of E. L. is supported by the NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C, and other NASA grants. We thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments that helped us improve the paper. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/636 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 583SV UT WOS:000276701000050 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Asano, K Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J den Hartog, PR Dermer, CD de Luca, A de Palma, F Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gotthelf, EV Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Hobbs, G Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Kanai, Y Kanbach, G Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Keith, M Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Asano, K. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. den Hartog, P. R. Dermer, C. D. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gotthelf, E. V. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Kanai, Y. Kanbach, G. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI DETECTION OF THE ENERGETIC PULSAR PSR B1509-58 AND ITS PULSAR WIND NEBULA IN MSH 15-52 USING THE FERMI-LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual objects (G320.4-1.2, MSH 15-52); pulsars: individual (PSR B1509-58, PSR J1513-5908) ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; X-RAY; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; LIGHT CURVES; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; SPACE TELESCOPE; EGRET DATA; VELA-X; EMISSION AB We report the detection of high-energy gamma-ray emission from the young and energetic pulsar PSR B1509-58 and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the composite supernova remnant G320.4-1.2 (aka MSH 15-52). Using 1 yr of survey data with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), we detected pulsations from PSR B1509-58 up to 1 GeV and extended gamma-ray emission above 1 GeV spatially coincident with the PWN. The pulsar light curve presents two peaks offset from the radio peak by phases 0.96 +/- 0.01 and 0.33 +/- 0.02. New constraining upper limits on the pulsar emission are derived below 1 GeV and confirm a severe spectral break at a few tens of MeV. The nebular spectrum in the 1-100 GeV energy range is well described by a power law with a spectral index of (1.57 +/- 0.17 +/- 0.13) and a flux above 1 GeV of (2.91 +/- 0.79 +/- 1.35) x 10(-9) cm(-2) s(-1). The first errors represent the statistical errors on the fit parameters, while the second ones are the systematic uncertainties. The LAT spectrum of the nebula connects nicely with Cherenkov observations, and indicates a spectral break between GeV and TeV energies. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Brez, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56527 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU CNRS, Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Barcelona, Spain. [Camilo, F.; Gotthelf, E. V.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-201333 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-16091 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dormody, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kanai, Y.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kanbach, G.; Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Allafort, A.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hartog@stanford.edu; grodin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr; nakamori@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. NR 66 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/927 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 583SV UT WOS:000276701000076 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Costamante, L Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Guiriec, S Hayashida, M Hays, E Hill, AB Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mansutti, O Massaro, E Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wehrle, AE Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Guiriec, S. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mansutti, O. Massaro, E. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wehrle, A. E. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI-LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXCEPTIONAL GAMMA-RAY OUTBURSTS OF 3C 273 IN 2009 SEPTEMBER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (3C 273) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; VARIABILITY; BLAZARS; SAMPLE AB We present the light curves and spectral data of two exceptionally luminous gamma-ray outbursts observed by the Large Area Telescope experiment on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope from 3C 273 in 2009 September. During these flares, having a duration of a few days, the source reached its highest gamma-ray flux ever measured. This allowed us to study, in some details, their spectral and temporal structures. The rise and the decay are asymmetric on timescales of 6 hr, and the spectral index was significantly harder during the flares than during the preceding 11 months. We also found that short, very intense flares put out the same time-integrated energy as long, less intense flares like that observed in 2009 August. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU CNRS, Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. 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[Massaro, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wehrle, A. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM enrico.massaro@uniroma1.it; gino.tosti@pg.infn.it RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Mansutti, Oriana/0000-0001-5758-4658; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; European Community [ERC-StG-200911]; International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; Funded by contract ERC-StG-200911 from the European Community.; Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique- and, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italianaand, the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP L73 EP L78 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L73 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587EC UT WOS:000276971300015 ER PT J AU Georganopoulos, M Finke, JD Reyes, LC AF Georganopoulos, Markos Finke, Justin D. Reyes, Luis C. TI A METHOD FOR SETTING UPPER LIMITS TO THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT WITH FERMI-LAT AND TeV OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; quasars: individual (PKS 2155-304, 1ES 1218+304) ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRA; RADIATION; CONSTRAINTS; ABSORPTION; COMPTONIZATION; EVOLUTION; JET; MARKARIAN-421 AB We propose a method for setting upper limits to the extragalactic background light (EBL). Our method uses simultaneous Fermi-LAT and ground-based TeV observations of blazars and is based on the assumption that the intrinsic spectral energy distribution (SED) of TeV blazars lies below the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT SED from GeV to TeV energies. By extrapolating the Fermi-LAT spectrum, which for TeV blazars is practically unattenuated by photon-photon pair production with EBL photons, a firm upper limit on the intrinsic SED at TeV energies is provided. The ratio of the extrapolated spectrum to the observed TeV spectrum provides upper limits to the optical depth for the propagation of the TeV photons due to pair production on the EBL, which in turn sets firm upper limits to EBL models. We demonstrate our method using simultaneous observations from Fermi-LAT and ground-based TeV telescopes of the blazars PKS 2155-304 and 1ES 1218+304, and show that high EBL density models are disfavored. We also discuss how our method can be optimized and how Fermi and X-ray monitoring observations of TeV blazars can guide future TeV campaigns, leading to potentially much stronger constraints on EBL models. C1 [Georganopoulos, Markos] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Georganopoulos, Markos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Finke, Justin D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reyes, Luis C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys KIPC, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Georganopoulos, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. FU NASA [NNX08AG77G, NNX09AR88G]; NASA Swift Guest Investigator [DPR-NNG05ED411]; NASA GLAST Science Investigation [DPR-S-1563-Y]; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago [NSF PHY-0114422, NSF PHY-0551142] FX We thank Luigi Costamante for useful discussions. M. G. acknowledges support from the NASA grants ATFP NNX08AG77G and Fermi NNX09AR88G. J.D.F. was partially supported by NASA Swift Guest Investigator Grant DPR-NNG05ED411 and NASA GLAST Science Investigation DPR-S-1563-Y. L. C. R. acknowledges the support by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through grants NSF PHY-0114422 and NSF PHY-0551142 and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP L157 EP L161 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L157 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587EC UT WOS:000276971300032 ER PT J AU Savani, NP Owens, MJ Rouillard, AP Forsyth, RJ Davies, JA AF Savani, N. P. Owens, M. J. Rouillard, A. P. Forsyth, R. J. Davies, J. A. TI OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF A CORONAL MASS EJECTION DISTORTION DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO A STRUCTURED SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID STEREO MISSION; SOHO LASCO; EVOLUTION; IMAGER; CMES; SMEI; SUN; AU AB We present the first observational evidence of the near-Sun distortion of the leading edge of a coronal mass ejection (CME) by the ambient solar wind into a concave structure. On 2007 November 14, a CME was observed by coronagraphs onboard the STEREO-B spacecraft, possessing a circular cross section. Subsequently the CME passed through the field of view of the STEREO-B Heliospheric Imagers where the leading edge was observed to distort into an increasingly concave structure. The CME observations are compared to an analytical flux rope model constrained by a magnetohydrodynamic solar wind solution. The resultant bimodal speed profile is used to kinematically distort a circular structure that replicates the initial shape of the CME. The CME morphology is found to change rapidly over a relatively short distance. This indicates an approximate radial distance in the heliosphere where the solar wind forces begin to dominate over the magnetic forces of the CME influencing the shape of the CME. C1 [Savani, N. P.; Owens, M. J.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Rouillard, A. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davies, J. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Savani, NP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. EM neel.savani02@imperial.ac.uk RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877 FU UK STFC; Institute of Physics; Royal Astronomical Society FX STEREO/HI was developed by a consortium comprising RAL, the University of Birmingham (UK), CSL (Belgium), and NRL (USA). SECCHI, led by NRL, involves additional collaborators from LMSAL, GSFC (USA), MPI (Germany), IOTA, and IAS (France). This work was supported by UK STFC through the award of a studentship (NS) Imperial College London, the C R Barber Trust from the Institute of Physics, and the Royal Astronomical Society. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 714 IS 1 BP L128 EP L132 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L128 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587EC UT WOS:000276971300026 ER PT J AU Damon, AM Lessley, DJ Salzar, RS Bass, CR Shen, FH Paskoff, GR Shender, BS AF Damon, Andrew M. Lessley, David J. Salzar, Robert S. Bass, Cameron R. Shen, Francis H. Paskoff, Glenn R. Shender, Barry S. TI Kinematic Response of the Spine During Simulated Aircraft Ejections SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE postmortem human surrogate; spinal injury; military aviator; vertebrae ID CERVICAL MUSCLE RESPONSE; DYNAMIC-MOTION; INJURIES; HEAD; EXPERIENCE; WHIPLASH AB DAMON AM, LESSLEY DJ, SALZAR RS, BASS CR, SHEN FH, PASKOFF GR, SHENDER BS Kinematic response of the spine during simulated aircraft ejections. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:453-9. Introduction: Military aviators are susceptible to spinal injuries during high-speed ejection scenarios These injuries commonly arise as a result of strains induced by extreme flexion or compression of the spinal column This study characterizes the vertebral motion of two postmortem human surrogates (PMHS) during a simulated catapult phase of ejection on a horizontal decelerator sled Methods: During testing, the PMHS were restrained supinely to a mock ejection seat and subjected to a horizontal deceleration profile directed along the local z-axis Two midsized males (175 3 cm, 77 1 kg, 185 4 cm, 72 6 kg) were tested High-rate motion capture equipment was used to measure the three-dimensional displacement of the head, vertebrae, and pelvis during the ejection event Results: The two PMHS showed generally similar kinematic motion Head injury criterion (HIC) results were well below injury threshold levels for both specimens The specimens both showed compression of the spine, with a reduction in length of 23 0 mm and 45 7 mm Post-test autopsies revealed fractures in the C5, T1, and L1 vertebrae Discussion: This paper provides an analysis of spinal motion during an aircraft ejection The injuries observed in the test subjects were consistent with those seen in epidemiological studies Future studies should examine the effects of gender, muscle tensing, out-of-position (of head from neutral position) occupants, and external forces (e g, windblast) on spinal kinematics during aircraft ejection C1 [Damon, Andrew M.; Lessley, David J.; Salzar, Robert S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Shen, Francis H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Orthoped Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Bass, Cameron R.] Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Paskoff, Glenn R.; Shender, Barry S.] USN, Human Syst Dept, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Damon, AM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 81 IS 5 BP 453 EP 459 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2688.2010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 589FY UT WOS:000277133500001 PM 20464811 ER PT J AU Conlin, AS Gumbs, GR Sevick, CJ Snell, KJ Descisciolo, C Smith, TC AF Conlin, A. S. Gumbs, G. R. Sevick, C. J. Snell, K. J. Descisciolo, C. Smith, T. C. TI Organizing Pregnancy Registries during an Emergency Response SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Conlin, A. S.; Gumbs, G. R.; Sevick, C. J.; Snell, K. J.; Descisciolo, C.; Smith, T. C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 405 EP 405 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600148 ER PT J AU Bluestein, HB French, MM PopStefanija, I Bluth, RT Knorr, JB AF Bluestein, Howard B. French, Michael M. PopStefanija, Ivan Bluth, Robert T. Knorr, Jeffrey B. TI A MOBILE, PHASED-ARRAY DOPPLER RADAR FOR THE STUDY OF SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS THE MWR-05XP SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOW ECHOES; TORNADOES; SUPERCELLS; THUNDERSTORM; OKLAHOMA; WSR-88D; KANSAS; LINES; BAND AB A mobile X-band, phased-array Doppler radar was acquired from the U.S. Army by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) at the Naval Postgraduate School and adapted for meteorological use by ProSensing, Inc. The radar was used during field experiments conducted in the Southern Plains by faculty and students from the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma during the spring storm seasons of 2007 and 2008. During these field experiments, storm-scale, rapid-scan, volumetric, Doppler-radar observations were obtained in tornadic and nontornadic supercells, quasilinear mesoscale convective systems, and in both boundary layer-based and elevated ordinary convective cells. A case is made for the use of the radar for studies of convective weather systems and other weather phenomena that evolve on time scales as short as tens of seconds. C1 [Bluestein, Howard B.; French, Michael M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [PopStefanija, Ivan] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. [Bluth, Robert T.; Knorr, Jeffrey B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bluestein, HB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM hblue@ou.edu FU NSF [ATM-0637148]; NAVY SBIR program FX Chad Baldi (ProSensing) led the data collection and field operations and Bethany Seeger (ProSensing) did much of the data processing. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0637148 to the University of Oklahoma and contracts to ProSensing from the NAVY SBIR program at the Office of Naval Research. Jeff Snyder (OU), Jana Houser (OU), and Mark Laufensweiler (OU) provided assistance in transferring data to our computer system; the former two also contributed to many of the missions. Paul Buczynski (NPS) also participated in the project. Curtis Alexander (NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory) provided some assistance with unfolding algorithms. Jim Mead (ProSensing) provided helpful comments on the initial draft of this manuscript. The first author is grateful to the Mesoscale Microscale Meteorology (MMM) Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for hosting his sabbatical visit in 2009. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 579 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2914.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 608AO UT WOS:000278552800003 ER PT J AU Milner, JS Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Rabenhorst, MM Martens, PM Dyslin, CW Guimond, JM Stander, VA Merrill, LL AF Milner, Joel S. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Rabenhorst, Mandy M. Martens, Patricia M. Dyslin, Christopher W. Guimond, Jennifer M. Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. TI Do trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and adult child abuse risk? SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Childhood physical abuse; Trauma symptoms; Trauma mediation; Adult child abuse risk ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POTENTIAL INVENTORY; ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; DATING VIOLENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SEXUAL-ABUSE; INTERPERSONAL SCHEMATA; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MALTREATMENT; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: Although the intergenerational transmission of family violence has been well documented, the mechanisms responsible for this effect have not been fully determined. The present study examined whether trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between a childhood history of child physical abuse (CPA) and adult CPA risk, and whether any such mediation was similar for women and men. Method: Female and male US Navy (USN) recruits (N = 5,394) and college students (N = 716) completed self-report measures of their history of child abuse (i.e., CPA and child sexual abuse [CSA]), exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), current trauma symptoms, and adult CPA risk. Results: As expected, there was a strong association between a childhood history of CPA and adult CPA risk. This association was significant even after controlling for demographic variables and childhood exposure to other forms of violence (CSA and IPV), and the strength of the relationship did not vary depending on demographics or exposure to other forms of violence. However, the association between a history of CPA and adult risk of CPA was stronger for individuals high in defensive avoidance compared to those low in defensive avoidance. The association between a history of CPA and adult CPA risk was largely, although not entirely, mediated by psychological trauma symptoms. Mediation was observed for both women and men in both the USN and college samples. Conclusions: Trauma symptoms associated with a history of CPA accounted for a substantial part of the relationship between a history of CPA and adult CPA risk in both women and men. Practice implications: To the extent that trauma symptoms are a mechanism by which the intergenerational transmission of child abuse occurs, intervening to reduce trauma symptoms in CPA victims has the potential of reducing their risk of continuing the cycle of violence. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milner, Joel S.; Thomsen, Cynthia J.; Crouch, Julie L.; Rabenhorst, Mandy M.] No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Martens, Patricia M.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Family Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Dyslin, Christopher W.] Governors State Univ, Dept Psychol & Counseling, University Pk, PA USA. [Guimond, Jennifer M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Stander, Valerie A.; Merrill, Lex L.] USN, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Milner, JS (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. OI Guimond, Jennifer/0000-0002-8887-5885 NR 89 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 332 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.017 PG 13 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 597SF UT WOS:000277780800006 PM 20359748 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Cantrell, FL AF Carstairs, Shaun D. Cantrell, F. Lee TI Peyote and mescaline exposures: a 12-year review of a statewide poison center database SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxic plants; Hallucinations; Acute poisoning; Poison control centers AB Background. Peyote, a cactus containing the hallucinogen mescaline, has been used by Native Americans for thousands of years. Illicit use is also known to occur, but reports in the medical literature consist only of isolated case reports. Objectives. We sought to identify characteristics of patients with reported exposure to peyote or mescaline. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of the California Poison Control System database for the years 1997-2008 for all cases of single-substance human exposure using the search terms "peyote" and "mescaline." Results. There were a total of 31 single-substance exposures to peyote or mescaline. Thirty (97%) exposures were intentional; 30 (97%) exposures were through the oral route, whereas one patient (3%) insufflated mescaline powder. Five patients (16%) were managed at home, whereas the remainder patients were managed in a healthcare facility. Commonly reported effects included hallucinations, tachycardia, agitation, and mydriasis. Vomiting was reported in only one case. Conclusions. Although uncommonly encountered, use of peyote and mescaline was associated with clinically significant effects requiring treatment in a substantial number of patients. Clinical effects were usually mild or moderate, and life-threatening toxicity was not reported in this case series. C1 [Carstairs, Shaun D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Carstairs, Shaun D.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cantrell, F. Lee] Calif Poison Control Syst San Diego Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, 200 W Arbor Dr,MC 8925, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM shaunc@yahoo.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 350 EP 353 DI 10.3109/15563650903586745 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 614KJ UT WOS:000279057000006 PM 20170392 ER PT J AU Gross, ML Beckstead, MW AF Gross, Matthew L. Beckstead, Merrill W. TI Diffusion flame calculations for composite propellants predicting particle-size effects SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Ammonium perchlorate; Solid propellants; Combustion modeling; Energetic materials; Flame structure ID VORTICITY-VELOCITY FORMULATION; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; KINETICS; COMBUSTION; FLOWS; MODEL AB The complexities of the flame structure above a composite propellant containing 86% ammonium perchlorate (AP) and 14% hydroxy-terminated-polybutadiene (HTPB) have been elucidated using a two-dimensional, detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism diffusion flame model. The model utilizes a vorticity formulation of the transport equations, which essentially eliminates the pressure field calculation and speeds convergence. Mass and energy coupling between the condensed and gas phases are achieved through iteration with one-dimensional, premixed combustion models to dynamically update the inlet boundary conditions. The model uses a detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism consisting of 37 species and 127 reactions. Numerical studies have been performed to examine the influence of particle size on the flame structure above the AP/HTPB propellant. Three different combustion zones, based on AP particle size, were predicted: the AP monopropellant limit, the diffusion flame region, and the premixed limit. The modeled flame structure changed dramatically with particle size and was found to be qualitatively similar to the Beckstead-Derr-Price Model. Mechanistic insights are presented to explain AP's unique ability to modify a propellant burning rate based on particle size alone. The premixed limit at which decreasing the size of the AP particles no longer influences the burning rate was also predicted. Results show promise in predicting formulistic effects using fundamental calculations. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Gross, Matthew L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Beckstead, Merrill W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Gross, ML (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.gross1@navy.mil FU NAVAIR ILIR program; N-STAR program (Naval Research - Science and Technology for America's Readiness) FX This work was sponsored by the NAVAIR ILIR program, managed at ONR by the N-STAR program (Naval Research - Science and Technology for America's Readiness). NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2010 VL 157 IS 5 BP 864 EP 873 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.004 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570OM UT WOS:000275687600003 ER PT J AU Poludnenko, AY Oran, ES AF Poludnenko, A. Y. Oran, E. S. TI The interaction of high-speed turbulence with flames: Global properties and internal flame structure SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Turbulent premixed combustion; Turbulence; Flamelet; Flame structure; Hydrogen ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; COMBUSTION; MHD; PROPAGATION; DISSIPATION; SUPERNOVAE AB We study the dynamics and properties of a turbulent flame, formed in the presence of subsonic, highspeed, homogeneous, isotropic Kolmogorov-type turbulence in an unconfined system. Direct numerical simulations are performed with Athena-RFX, a massively parallel, fully compressible, high-order, dimensionally unsplit, reactive flow code. A simplified reaction-diffusion model represents a stoichiometric H(2)-air mixture. The system being modeled represents turbulent combustion with the Damkohler number Da = 0.05 and with the turbulent velocity at the energy injection scale 30 times larger than the laminar flame speed. The simulations show that flame interaction with high-speed turbulence forms a steadily propagating turbulent flame with a flame brush width approximately twice the energy injection scale and a speed four times the laminar flame speed. A method for reconstructing the internal flame structure is described and used to show that the turbulent flame consists of tightly folded flamelets. The reaction zone structure of these is virtually identical to that of the planar laminar flame, while the preheat zone is broadened by approximately a factor of two. Consequently, the system evolution represents turbulent combustion in the thin reaction zone regime. The turbulent cascade fails to penetrate the internal flame structure, and thus the action of small-scale turbulence is suppressed throughout most of the flame. Finally, our results suggest that for stoichiometric H(2)-air mixtures, any substantial flame broadening by the action of turbulence cannot be expected in all subsonic regimes. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Poludnenko, A. Y.; Oran, E. S.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poludnenko, AY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apol@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2010 VL 157 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.11.018 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570OM UT WOS:000275687600016 ER PT J AU Meier, ET Lukin, VS Shumlak, U AF Meier, E. T. Lukin, V. S. Shumlak, U. TI Spectral element spatial discretization error in solving highly anisotropic heat conduction equation SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Anisotropy; High order; Spectral element; Finite element; Numerical error; Perpendicular diffusion ID DIFFUSION AB This paper describes a study of the effects of the overall spatial resolution, polynomial degree and computational grid directionality on the accuracy of numerical solutions of a highly anisotropic thermal diffusion equation using the spectral element spatial discretization method. The high-order spectral element macroscopic modeling code SEL/HiFi has been used to explore the parameter space. It is shown that for a given number of spatial degrees of freedom, increasing polynomial degree while reducing the number of elements results in exponential reduction of the numerical error. The alignment of the grid with the direction of anisotropy is shown to further improve the accuracy of the solution. These effects are qualitatively explained and numerically quantified in 2- and 3-dimensional calculations with straight and curved anisotropy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meier, E. T.; Shumlak, U.] Univ Washington, Plasma Sci & Innovat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, ET (reprint author), Univ Washington, Plasma Sci & Innovat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM etmeier@u.washington.edu OI Shumlak, Uri/0000-0002-2918-5446 FU DOE [DE-FC02-05ER54811] FX This research is supported by DOE grant number DE-FC02-05ER54811. Computational resources for the research include the Bassi IBM p575 POWER 5 system at NERSC, the PSI-Center SGI Altix 350 cluster, and the PSI-Center SGI ICE Altix 8200 cluster. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 181 IS 5 BP 837 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2009.12.018 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 580EM UT WOS:000276430000001 ER PT J AU Lopes, L Konieczka, J Foulk, V Antin, P AF Lopes, Leo Konieczka, Jay Foulk, Victor Antin, Parker TI Network Elucidation Template: A framework for human-guided network inference SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Visualization; Human-guided search ID MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; AID AB Network elucidation is the problem of inferring all parameters of a network from a subset of those parameters. We introduce the Network Elucidation Template (NET), which provides a framework upon which algorithms for such problems can be built. NET algorithms take advantage of novel methods for collaboration between human operators and computers. They use visualizations of the peculiar structures that appear in optimal solutions to aid the parameter search. By design, NET is at a high enough level of abstraction to describe a class of algorithms, as opposed to a single algorithm. Given a problem, and the structure of that problem, an effective instantiation of the template into an algorithm can be created. We describe one such instantiation: using a network flow framework to implement a NET algorithm for uncovering smuggling networks; as well as the general template. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes, Leo; Antin, Parker] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Konieczka, Jay] Harvard Univ, OShea Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Foulk, Victor] USN, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Lopes, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM leo@sie.arizona.edu; jkonieczka@mcb.harvard.edu; victor.foulk@navy.mil; pba@email.arizona.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 EI 1879-0550 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 680 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.cie.2010.01.013 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 600AC UT WOS:000277954700020 ER PT J AU Niedner, MF Foley, JL Riffenburgh, RH Bichell, DP Peterson, BM Rodarte, A AF Niedner, Matthew F. Foley, Jennifer L. Riffenburgh, Robert H. Bichell, David P. Peterson, Bradley M. Rodarte, Alexander TI B-type Natriuretic Peptide: Perioperative Patterns in Congenital Heart Disease SO CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Natriuretic Peptides; Congenital Heart Defects; Congestive Heart Failure; Low Cardiac Output; Perioperative Care; Nesiritide ID TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION; UNIVENTRICULAR HEARTS; SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CARDIAC-SURGERY; RENAL-FUNCTION; PLASMA-LEVELS; FAILURE; CHILDREN; NESIRITIDE AB Objective. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles in adults with heart failure. BNP levels in children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart disease (CHD) were characterized broadly, and distinguishable subgroup patterns delineated. Design. Prospective, blinded, observational case series. Setting. Academic, tertiary care, free-standing pediatric hospital. Patients. Children with CHD; controls without cardiopulmonary disease. Interventions. None. Measurements. Preoperative cardiac medications/doses, CHD lesion types, perioperative BNP levels, intraoperative variables (lengths of surgery, bypass, cross-clamp), postoperative outcomes (lengths of ventilation, hospitalization, open chest; averages of inotropic support, central venous pressure, perfusion, urine output; death, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), cardiac arrest; readmission; and discharge medications). Results. Median BNP levels for 102 neonatal and non-neonatal controls were 27 and 7 pg/mL, respectively. Serial BNP measures from 105 patients undergoing CHD repair demonstrated a median postoperative peak at 12 hours. The median and interquartile postoperative 24-hour average BNP levels for neonates were 1506 (782-3784) pg/mL vs. 286 (169-578) pg/mL for non-neonates (P < 0.001). Postoperative BNP correlated with inotropic requirement, durations of open chest, ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and hospitalization (r = 0.33-0.65, all P < 0.001). Compared with biventricular CHD, Fontan palliations demonstrated lower postoperative BNP (median 150 vs. 306 pg/mL, P < 0.001), a 3-fold higher incidence of LCOS (P < 0.01), and longer length of hospitalization (median 6.0 vs. 4.5 days, P = 0.01). Conclusions. Perioperative BNP correlates to severity of illness and lengths of therapy in the CHD population, overall. Substantial variation in BNP across time as well as within and between CHD lesions limits its practical utility as an isolated point-of-care measure. BNP commonly peaks 6-12 hours postoperatively, but the timing and magnitude of BNP elevation demonstrates notable age-dependency, peaking earlier and rising an order of magnitude higher in neonates. In spite of higher clinical acuity, non-neonatal univentricular CHD paradoxically demonstrates lower BNP levels compared with biventricular physiologies. C1 [Niedner, Matthew F.] Univ Michigan, Div Pediat Crit Care, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Niedner, Matthew F.; Foley, Jennifer L.; Bichell, David P.; Peterson, Bradley M.; Rodarte, Alexander] Rady Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Crit Care, San Diego, CA USA. [Niedner, Matthew F.; Riffenburgh, Robert H.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Riffenburgh, Robert H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rodarte, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bichell, David P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat Cardiac Surg, Nashville, TN USA. RP Niedner, MF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Pediat Crit Care, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mniedner@umich.edu OI Bichell, David/0000-0003-0227-1771 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1747-079X J9 CONGENIT HEART DIS JI Congenit. Heart Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2010.00396.x PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 748US UT WOS:000289418700007 PM 20576043 ER PT J AU Biery, JC Blivin, SJ Pyne, SW AF Biery, John C., Jr. Blivin, Steve J. Pyne, Scott W. TI Training in ACSM Black Flag Heat Stress Conditions: How US Marines Do It SO CURRENT SPORTS MEDICINE REPORTS LA English DT Review AB BIERY, J.C., S.J. BLIVIN, and S.W. PYNE. Ttraining in ACSM black flag heat stress conditions: how U.S. marines do it. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 148-154, 2010. Exertional heat injuries have gained public attention over the past several years, as have the means to prevent and treat them. One of the simplest preventive measures is to refrain from physical training and competition during times of increased environmental heat stress. Unfortunately, this often is not possible or desirable in certain populations. As a result of operational and training requirements, the U. S. Marine Corps and the U. S. Navy medical team have developed an effective exertional heat injury prevention strategy that relies upon education, leadership, and continuous hands-on observation. The fundamental aspects of this approach can be applied to other team sporting activities. C1 [Biery, John C., Jr.] 3d Marine Logist Grp, Sports Med & Reconditioning Team, Okinawa, Japan. [Blivin, Steve J.] Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Lejeune, NC USA. [Pyne, Scott W.] US Navy Sports Med Specialty, Washington, DC USA. RP Biery, JC (reprint author), FMFPAC, Marine Logist Grp 3, Sports Med & Reconditioning Team SMART Ctr, Unit 38404, FPO, AP 96605 USA. EM john.biery@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1537-890X J9 CURR SPORT MED REP JI Curr. Sport. Med. Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181df102d PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 595CI UT WOS:000277587900008 PM 20463498 ER PT J AU Leonard, DK Brass, JN Nelson, M Ear, S Fahey, D Fairfield, T Gning, MJ Halderman, M McSherry, B Moehler, DC Prichard, W Turner, R Vu, T Dijkman, J AF Leonard, David K. Brass, Jennifer N. Nelson, Michael Ear, Sophal Fahey, Dan Fairfield, Tasha Gning, Martha Johnson Halderman, Michael McSherry, Brendan Moehler, Devra C. Prichard, Wilson Turner, Robin Vu, Tuong Dijkman, Jeroen TI Does Patronage Still Drive Politics for the Rural Poor in the Developing World? A Comparative Perspective from the Livestock Sector SO DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIENTELISM; AFRICA; ORGANIZATIONS; LESSONS AB Is the analysis of patron-client networks still important to the understanding of developing country politics or has it now been overtaken by a focus on 'social capital'? Drawing on seventeen country studies of the political environment for livestock policy in poor countries, this article concludes that although the nature of patronage has changed significantly, it remains highly relevant to the ways peasant interests are treated. Peasant populations were found either to have no clear connection to their political leaders or to be controlled by political clientage. Furthermore, communities 'free' of patron-client ties to the centre generally are not better represented by political associations but instead receive fewer benefits from the state. Nonetheless, patterns of clientage are different from what they were forty years ago. First, patronage chains today often have a global reach, through trade, bilateral donor governments and international NGOs. Second, the resources that fuel political clientage today are less monopolistic and less adequate to the task of purchasing peasant political loyalty. Thus the bonds of patronage are less tight than they were historically. Third, it follows from the preceding point and the greater diversity of patrons operating today that elite conflicts are much more likely to create spaces in which peasant interests can eventually be aggregated into autonomous associations with independent political significance in the national polity. NGOs are playing an important role in opening up this political space although at the moment, they most often act like a new type of patron. C1 [Leonard, David K.] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. [Brass, Jennifer N.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Nelson, Michael] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Govt, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Ear, Sophal] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. [McSherry, Brendan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Polit Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fairfield, Tasha] Univ Notre Dame, Kellogg Inst, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Gning, Martha Johnson] Mills Coll, Dept Govt, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. [Moehler, Devra C.] Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Prichard, Wilson] Univ Toronto, Dept Polit Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Prichard, Wilson] Univ Toronto, Sch Global Affairs, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Turner, Robin] Butler Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. [Vu, Tuong] Univ Oregon, Dept Polit Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Leonard, DK (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-155X J9 DEV CHANGE JI Dev. Change PD MAY PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 475 EP 494 PG 20 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 615UD UT WOS:000279162200005 ER PT J AU Aikembayev, AM Lukhnova, L Temiraliyeva, G Meka-Mechenko, T Pazylov, Y Zakaryan, S Denissov, G Easterday, WR Van Ert, MN Keim, P Francesconi, SC Blackburn, JK Hugh-Jones, M Hadfield, T AF Aikembayev, Alim M. Lukhnova, Larissa Temiraliyeva, Gulnara Meka-Mechenko, Tatyana Pazylov, Yerlan Zakaryan, Sarkis Denissov, Georgiy Easterday, W. Ryan Van Ert, Matthew N. Keim, Paul Francesconi, Stephen C. Blackburn, Jason K. Hugh-Jones, Martin Hadfield, Ted TI Historical Distribution and Molecular Diversity of Bacillus anthracis, Kazakhstan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; ECOLOGY AB To map the distribution of anthrax outbreaks and strain subtypes in Kazakhstan during 1937-2005, we combined geographic information system technology and genetic analysis by using archived cultures and data. Biochemical and genetic tests confirmed the identity of 93 archived cultures in the Kazakhstan National Culture Collection as Bacillus anthracis. Multi locus variable number tandem repeat analysis genotyping identified 12 genotypes. Cluster analysis comparing these genotypes with previously published genotypes indicated that most (n = 78) isolates belonged to the previously described Al.a genetic cluster, 6 isolates belonged to the A3.b cluster, and 2 belonged to the A4 cluster. Two genotypes in the collection appeared to represent novel genetic sublineages; 1 of these isolates was from Krygystan. Our data provide a description of the historical, geographic, and genetic diversity of B. anthracis in this Central Asian region. C1 [Hugh-Jones, Martin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Aikembayev, Alim M.; Lukhnova, Larissa; Temiraliyeva, Gulnara; Meka-Mechenko, Tatyana; Pazylov, Yerlan; Zakaryan, Sarkis; Denissov, Georgiy] Kazakhstan Sci Ctr Quarantine & Zoonot Dis, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Easterday, W. Ryan; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Van Ert, Matthew N.; Hadfield, Ted] Midwest Res Inst, Palm Bay, FL USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Francesconi, Stephen C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Blackburn, Jason K.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Hugh-Jones, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Rm 2279,Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mehj@vetmed.lsu.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Easterday, W. Ryan/M-6732-2015 OI Easterday, W. Ryan/0000-0001-5865-7062 FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency [KZ-1] FX The project research was made possible by support provided by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency under project KZ-1 and was administered by US Civilian Research and Development Foundation. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.3201/eid1605.091427 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 590FK UT WOS:000277209900006 PM 20409368 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, J Amatucci, W Brown, M Chan, V Chen, J Cothran, C Chua, D Dahlburg, R Doschek, G Egedal, J Forest, C Howard, R Huba, J Ko, YK Krall, J Laming, JM Lin, R Linton, M Lukin, V Murphy, R Rakowski, C Socker, D Tylka, A Vourlidas, A Warren, H Wood, B AF Dahlburg, Jill Amatucci, William Brown, Michael Chan, Vincent Chen, James Cothran, Christopher Chua, Damien Dahlburg, Russell Doschek, George Egedal, Jan Forest, Cary Howard, Russell Huba, Joseph Ko, Yuan-Kuen Krall, Jonathan Laming, J. Martin Lin, Robert Linton, Mark Lukin, Vyacheslav Murphy, Ronald Rakowski, Cara Socker, Dennis Tylka, Allan Vourlidas, Angelos Warren, Harry Wood, Brian TI Exploiting Laboratory and Heliophysics Plasma Synergies SO ENERGIES LA English DT Review DE heliophysics; laboratory plasma experiments; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma simulation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; FAST SOLAR-WIND; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; CHARGE STATES; RECONNECTION; TEMPERATURE; FIELDS; LASCO; ACCELERATION AB Recent advances in space-based heliospheric observations, laboratory experimentation, and plasma simulation codes are creating an exciting new cross-disciplinary opportunity for understanding fast energy release and transport mechanisms in heliophysics and laboratory plasma dynamics, which had not been previously accessible. This article provides an overview of some new observational, experimental, and computational assets, and discusses current and near-term activities towards exploitation of synergies involving those assets. This overview does not claim to be comprehensive, but instead covers mainly activities closely associated with the authors' interests and reearch. Heliospheric observations reviewed include the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, the first instrument to provide remote sensing imagery observations with spatial continuity extending from the Sun to the Earth, and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Japanese Hinode spacecraft that is measuring spectroscopically physical parameters of the solar atmosphere towards obtaining plasma temperatures, densities, and mass motions. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the upcoming Solar Orbiter with the Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI) on-board will also be discussed. Laboratory plasma experiments surveyed include the line-tied magnetic reconnection experiments at University of Wisconsin (relevant to coronal heating magnetic flux tube observations and simulations), and a dynamo facility under construction there; the Space Plasma Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory that currently produces plasmas scalable to ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions and in the future also will be suited to study the physics of the solar corona; the Versatile Toroidal Facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that provides direct experimental observation of reconnection dynamics; and the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment, which provides well-diagnosed data on three-dimensional (3D) null-point magnetic reconnection that is also applicable to solar active regions embedded in pre-existing coronal fields. New computer capabilities highlighted include: HYPERION, a fully compressible 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code with radiation transport and thermal conduction; ORBIT-RF, a 4D Monte-Carlo code for the study of wave interactions with fast ions embedded in background MHD plasmas; the 3D implicit multi-fluid MHD spectral element code, HiFi; and, the 3D Hall MHD code VooDoo. Research synergies for these new tools are primarily in the areas of magnetic reconnection, plasma charged particle acceleration, plasma wave propagation and turbulence in a diverging magnetic field, plasma atomic processes, and magnetic dynamo behavior. C1 [Dahlburg, Jill; Amatucci, William; Chen, James; Chua, Damien; Dahlburg, Russell; Doschek, George; Howard, Russell; Huba, Joseph; Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Krall, Jonathan; Laming, J. Martin; Linton, Mark; Lukin, Vyacheslav; Murphy, Ronald; Rakowski, Cara; Socker, Dennis; Tylka, Allan; Vourlidas, Angelos; Warren, Harry; Wood, Brian] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Michael] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Chan, Vincent] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Cothran, Christopher] Global Def Technol & Syst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Egedal, Jan] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Forest, Cary] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lin, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dahlburg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jill.Dahlburg@NRL.NAVY.MIL RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This review was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. Conversations with Thomas Mehlhorn (NRL PPD Superintendent) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD MAY PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1048 DI 10.3390/en30501014 PG 35 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 601UX UT WOS:000278091600009 ER PT J AU Aktas, DF Lee, JS Little, BJ Ray, RI Davidova, IA Lyles, CN Suflita, JM AF Aktas, Deniz F. Lee, Jason S. Little, Brenda J. Ray, Richard I. Davidova, Irene A. Lyles, Christopher N. Suflita, Joseph M. TI Anaerobic Metabolism of Biodiesel and Its Impact on Metal Corrosion SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID N-ALKANES; BIODEGRADATION; OIL; SUBSURFACE; RATES; GAS AB Biodiesels have gained widespread acceptance because they are domestically produced carbon-neutral fuels that ultimately decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on fossil imports. While they are chemically and physically stable fuels, their susceptibility to biological degradation in the absence of oxygen is underexplored. We incubated five anaerobic inocula with biodiesel. The microorganisms originated from fresh and marine environments with differing histories of exposure to hydrocarbons, biodiesel, and oxygen. All inocula were able to biodegrade biodiesel within I month. Biodiesel metabolism accelerated the rate of both sulfate reduction and methanogenesis above biodiesel-unamended controls. Metabolite profiling indicated that the methyl esters of biodiesel were readily hydrolyzed to the corresponding suite of fatty acids, and the latter were also metabolized. Electrochemical/corrosion experiments showed that the anaerobic microbial metabolism of biodiesel in coastal seawater samples accelerated the rate of pitting corrosion in carbon steel. The susceptibility of biodiesel to anaerobic biodegradation and its propensity to stimulate biocorrosion suggest caution when integrating this alternate fuel with the existing infrastructure. C1 [Aktas, Deniz F.; Davidova, Irene A.; Lyles, Christopher N.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Aktas, Deniz F.; Davidova, Irene A.; Lyles, Christopher N.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lee, Jason S.; Little, Brenda J.; Ray, Richard I.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Suflita, JM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jsuflita@ou.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001408WX20857]; Medical University of South Carolina FX This work was supported in part by Dr. David Shifler at the Office of Naval Research (ONR Code 332), under Award N0001408WX20857, Dr. Pam Morris of the Medical University of South Carolina for the culture from the USS Arizona, Paul M. Ryder of ConocoPhillips for the biodiesel sample, and the crew of the USS Gettysburg for help in obtaining a ballast water sample (NRL/JA/7330/09/0124). NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2010 VL 24 BP 2924 EP 2928 DI 10.1021/ef100084j PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 611VE UT WOS:000278851000017 ER PT J AU Pineda, M Easter, J Mullin, D Balough, B AF Pineda, Mario Easter, Jim Mullin, David Balough, Ben TI Measurement of nonlinear TM response by scanning LDV SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th International Symposium on Middle Ear Mechanics in Research and Otology (MEMRO 2009) CY JUN 24-28, 2009 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ C1 [Mullin, David; Balough, Ben] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 263 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 252 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2010.03.074 PG 1 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 608KU UT WOS:000278583700095 ER PT J AU Pan, MJ Randall, CA AF Pan, Ming-Jen Randall, Clive A. TI A Brief Introduction to Ceramic Capacitors SO IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE MLCC; multilayer ceramic capacitor; ceramic capacitor; BaTiO(3); barium titanate ID CORE-SHELL STRUCTURE; BARIUM-TITANATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; BATIO3-BASED CERAMICS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; GLASS-CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STABILITY; ELECTRODE; BEHAVIOR C1 [Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Randall, Clive A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dielect Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Randall, Clive/0000-0002-5478-2699 NR 33 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 14 U2 97 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0883-7554 J9 IEEE ELECTR INSUL M JI IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1109/MEI.2010.5482787 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 611JL UT WOS:000278811300007 ER PT J AU Li, L Gaiser, PW Gao, BC Bevilacqua, RM Jackson, TJ Njoku, EG Rudiger, C Calvet, JC Bindlish, R AF Li, Li Gaiser, Peter W. Gao, Bo-Cai Bevilacqua, Richard M. Jackson, Thomas J. Njoku, Eni G. Ruediger, Christoph Calvet, Jean-Christophe Bindlish, Rajat TI WindSat Global Soil Moisture Retrieval and Validation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; land surface temperature; passive microwave remote sensing; soil moisture; vegetation ID VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; BAND MICROWAVE EMISSION; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; AMSR-E; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; 37 GHZ; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SCANNING RADIOMETER; SSM/I OBSERVATIONS; NEURAL-NETWORK AB A physically based six-channel land algorithm is developed to simultaneously retrieve global soil moisture (SM), vegetation water content (VWC), and land surface temperature. The algorithm is based on maximum-likelihood estimation and uses dual-polarization WindSat passive microwave data at 10, 18.7, and 37 GHz. The global retrievals are validated at multi-spatial and multitemporal scales against SM climatologies, in situ network data, precipitation patterns, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) vegetation data. In situ SM observations from the U. S., France, and Mongolia for diverse land/vegetation cover were used to validate the results. The performance of the estimated volumetric SM was within the requirements for most science and operational applications (standard error of 0.04 m(3)/m(3), bias of 0.004 m(3)/m(3), and correlation coefficient of 0.89). The retrieved SM and VWC distributions are very consistent with global climatology and mesoscale precipitation patterns. The comparisons between the WindSat vegetation retrievals and the AVHRR Green Vegetation Fraction data also reveal the consistency of these two independent data sets in terms of spatial and temporal variations. C1 [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter W.; Gao, Bo-Cai; Bevilacqua, Richard M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ruediger, Christoph; Calvet, Jean-Christophe] CNRS, French Meteorol Serv Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Ruediger, Christoph] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li.li@nrl.navy.mil; peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil; gao@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; jean-christophe.calvet@meteo.fr; rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov RI Xie, Xingmei/G-7311-2011; Calvet, Jean-Christophe/A-8762-2012; OI Calvet, Jean-Christophe/0000-0001-6425-6492; Rudiger, Christoph/0000-0003-4375-4446 FU Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales FX The work of C. Rudiger at the Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) was supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. NR 73 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2224 EP 2241 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2037749 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 585GY UT WOS:000276814300005 ER PT J AU Livingston, MA Azuma, RT Bimber, O Saito, H AF Livingston, Mark A. Azuma, Ronald T. Bimber, Oliver Saito, Hideo TI Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on The International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Livingston, Mark A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Azuma, Ronald T.] Nokia Res Ctr Hollywood, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. [Bimber, Oliver] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Comp Graph, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Saito, Hideo] Keio Univ, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Kohoku Ku, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; ronald.azuma@nokia.com; oliver.bimber@jku.at; saito@hvrl.ics.keio.ac.jp RI Saito, Hideo/D-6223-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 564TQ UT WOS:000275240900001 ER PT J AU Sueker, JJ Blazes, DL Johns, MC Blair, PJ Sjoberg, PA Tjaden, JA Montgomery, JM Pavlin, JA Schnabel, DC Eick, AA Tobias, S Quintana, M Vest, KG Burke, RL Lindler, LE Mansfield, JL Erickson, RL Russell, KL Sanchez, JL AF Sueker, J. Jeremy Blazes, David L. Johns, Matthew C. Blair, Patrick J. Sjoberg, Paul A. Tjaden, Jeffrey A. Montgomery, Joel M. Pavlin, Julie A. Schnabel, David C. Eick, Angelia A. Tobias, Steven Quintana, Miguel Vest, Kelly G. Burke, Ronald L. Lindler, Luther E. Mansfield, Jay L. Erickson, Ralph Loren Russell, Kevin L. Sanchez, Jose L. CA DoD Influenza Working Grp TI Influenza and respiratory disease surveillance: the US military's global laboratory-based network SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Review DE Influenza; military; surveillance ID BASIC TRAINEES; VACCINES; ADENOVIRUS; PERSONNEL; SYSTEM AB The US Department of Defense influenza surveillance system now spans nearly 500 sites in 75 countries, including active duty US military and dependent populations as well as host-country civilian and military personnel. This system represents a major part of the US Government's contributions to the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance Network and addresses Presidential Directive NSTC-7 to expand global surveillance, training, research and response to emerging infectious disease threats. Since 2006, the system has expanded significantly in response to rising pandemic influenza concerns. The expanded system has played a critical role in the detection and monitoring of ongoing H5N1 outbreaks worldwide as well as in the initial detection of, and response to, the current (H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic. This article describes the system, details its contributions and the critical gaps that it is filling, and discusses future plans. C1 [Sanchez, Jose L.] USAPHC Prov, Div GEIS Operat, AFHSC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Tjaden, Jeffrey A.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Montgomery, Joel M.] US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Pavlin, Julie A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Schnabel, David C.] US Army Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tobias, Steven] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Sjoberg, Paul A.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USAPHC Prov, Div GEIS Operat, AFHSC, 2900 Linden Lane,Suite 100, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM toti.sanchez@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Bulimo, Wallace/B-1982-2014 OI Bulimo, Wallace/0000-0001-8475-0586 FU DoD Global Emerging Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS); Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC) FX This study was supported by the US Military's Defense Health Program funding of the DoD Global Emerging Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC). NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00129.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 579GF UT WOS:000276356100007 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Enright, MP Moody, JP Golden, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Chan, Kwai S. Enright, Michael P. Moody, Jonathan P. Golden, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Residual stress profiles for mitigating fretting fatigue in gas turbine engine disks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 138th TMS Annual Symposium on Mechanisms, Theory, Experiments and Industrial Practice in Fatigue CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE Fretting; Fatigue; Residual stress; Probabilistic methods; Low plasticity burnishing; Engine disks ID FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; MECHANICS AB The driving force for fretting fatigue in engine disks is the contact stresses generated by fretting of the blade and the disk surfaces in the attachment region. This paper examines the use of different residual compressive stress profiles to counteract the undesirable effects of contact stresses and to mitigate fretting fatigue. A global finite-element analysis of the disk blade assembly is first performed. The contact pressure and shear traction at the attachment region are extracted from the FEM results and used to compute the contact stress distribution. The contact stresses are then combined with the residual stresses and the bulk stresses. The overall stress distribution is then utilized in a probabilistic crack growth model to predict the risk of disk failure for a military engine under simulated loading conditions. The results are used to identify the minimum residual stress profile for mitigating fretting fatigue in engine disks. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Kwai S.; Enright, Michael P.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golden, Patrick J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM kchan@swri.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2010 VL 32 IS 5 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.07.004 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 560TW UT WOS:000274927000005 ER PT J AU Miles, EF Nelson, JW Alkaissi, AK Das, S Clough, RW Broadwater, G Anscher, MS Chino, JP Oleson, JR AF Miles, Edward F. Nelson, John W. Alkaissi, Ali K. Das, Shiva Clough, Robert W. Broadwater, Gloria Anscher, Mitchell S. Chino, Junzo P. Oleson, James R. TI BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSE (BED) CORRELATION WITH BIOCHEMICAL CONTROL AFTER LOW-DOSE RATE PROSTATE BRACHYTHERAPY FOR CLINICALLY LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiation-Oncology (ASTRO) CY SEP 21-28, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol (ASTRO) DE Prostate cancer; Brachytherapy; Biochemical control; Dosimetry ID EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; PERMANENT SEED IMPLANTATION; TUMOR-CONTROL PROBABILITY; RELAPSE-FREE SURVIVAL; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; MULTICENTER ANALYSIS; RADIATION-THERAPY; ALPHA/BETA RATIO; NORMAL TISSUE; I-125 AB Purpose: To assess the correlation of postimplant dosimetric quantifiers with biochemical control of prostate cancer after low dose rate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: The biologically effective dose (BED), dose in Gray (Gy) to 90% of prostate (D-90), and percent volume of the prostate receiving 100% of the prescription dose (V-100) were calculated from the postimplant dose volume histogram for 140 patients undergoing low dose rate prostate brachytherapy from 1997 to 2003 at Durham Regional Hospital and the Durham VA Medical Center (Durham, NC). Results: The median follow-up was 50 months. There was a 7% biochemical failure rate (10 of 140), and 91% of patients (127 of 140) were alive at last clinical follow-up. The median BED was 148 Gy (range, 46-218 Gy). The median D-90 was 139 Gy (range, 45-203 Gy). The median V-100 was 85% (range, 44-100%). The overall 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRES) rate was 90.1%. On univariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, no pretreatment characteristic (Gleason score sum, age, baseline prostate-specific antigen, or clinical stage) was predictive of bRFS. The BED, D-90, and V-100 were all highly correlated (Pearson coefficients >92%), and all were strongly correlated with bRFS. Using the Youden method, we identified the following cut points for predicting freedom from biochemical failure: D-90 >= 110 Gy, V-100 >= 74%, and BED >= 115 Gy. None of the covariates significantly predicted overall survival. Conclusions: We observed significant correlation between BED, D-90, and V-100 with bRES. The BED is at least as predictive of bRFS as D-90 or V-100. Dosimetric quantifiers that account for heterogeneity in tumor location and dose distribution, tumor repopulation, and survival probability of tumor clonogens should be investigated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Miles, Edward F.; Nelson, John W.; Alkaissi, Ali K.; Das, Shiva; Clough, Robert W.; Anscher, Mitchell S.; Chino, Junzo P.; Oleson, James R.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC USA. [Broadwater, Gloria] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Canc Ctr Biostat, Durham, NC USA. RP Miles, EF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiat Oncol, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23314 USA. EM edward.miles@med.navy.mil OI Anscher, Mitchell/0000-0003-4480-111X NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 EI 1879-355X J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 77 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.052 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 588XC UT WOS:000277106900024 PM 19836161 ER PT J AU Imam, MA Froes, FH AF Imam, M. Ashraf Froes, F. H. (Sam) TI TMS 2010 Symposium: Cost-Affordable Titanium III SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Imam, M. Ashraf] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Froes, F. H. (Sam)] Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 594LP UT WOS:000277539500002 ER PT J AU Imam, MA Froes, FH AF Imam, M. Ashraf Froes, F. H. (Sam) TI Low Cost Titanium and Developing Applications SO JOM LA English DT Article AB There are a number of maturing extraction and fabrication techniques winch can potentially reduce the cost of titanium. These are in part responsible for a number of developing applications for titanium. C1 [Imam, M. Ashraf] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Froes, F. H. (Sam)] Univ Idaho, Inst Mat & Adv Proc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 594LP UT WOS:000277539500003 ER PT J AU Linoski, A AF Linoski, Alexis TI Content Licensing: Buying and Selling Digital Resources SO JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP LA English DT Book Review C1 [Linoski, Alexis] USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Linoski, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Nimitz Lib, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM linoski@usna.edu RI Linoski, Alexis/A-8396-2009 OI Linoski, Alexis/0000-0001-7307-8771 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1333 J9 J ACAD LIBR JI J. Acad. Librariansh. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.acalib.2010.03.017 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 592YK UT WOS:000277417700017 ER PT J AU Huang, M Mandru, AO Petculescu, G Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA AF Huang, M. Mandru, A. O. Petculescu, G. Clark, A. E. Wun-Fogle, M. Lograsso, T. A. TI Magnetostrictive and elastic properties of Fe100-xMox (2 < x < 12) single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 18-22, 2010 CL Washington, DC ID FE-GA ALLOYS; ANISOTROPY AB In this paper we investigate the magnetostrictive [(3/2)lambda(100) and (3/2)lambda(111)] and elastic (c' and c(44)) behavior of single crystalline alloys Fe100-xMox for 2= 46 degrees, a right Q angle >= 20 degrees, and left knee hyperextension ROM >= 6 degrees were positively associated with PFPS. Whereas left dorsiflexion ROM >= 21 degrees was associated with SS, right Q angle >= 20 degrees was inversely associated with SS. These findings suggest that multiple anatomic measures can be used to identify women entering MCRD basic training at risk for PFPS and SS injuries. C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Macera, Caroline A.; Trone, Daniel W.; Shaffer, Richard A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Macera, Caroline A.; Shaffer, Richard A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Macera, Caroline A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.] Rocky Mt Univ Hlth Profess, Grad Program Orthoped & Sports Phys Therapy, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] NHLBI, Populat Sci Program, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Rockedge Ctr 2, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rauh, MJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Department of Defense [60213]; [NHRC.2002.0020] FX This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research protocol NHRC.2002.0020. This work was supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60213. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 175 IS 5 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 598FH UT WOS:000277819700008 PM 20486504 ER PT J AU Duplessis, C Rascona, D Cullum, M Yeung, E AF Duplessis, Christopher Rascona, Dominick Cullum, Malford Yeung, Eric TI Salivary and Free Serum Cortisol Evaluation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; SEPTIC SHOCK; CRITICAL ILLNESS; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; IMMUNOASSAY; ULTRAFILTRATION; HYDROCORTISONE; VENIPUNCTURE; PARADIGM AB Background: Physiologic free serum cortisol may more accurately reflect adrenal function than total cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol estimates free serum cortisol. We researched the clinical viability of salivary cortisol in hospitalized patients. Methods: Free serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol were measured via ELISA in hospitalized and outpatient patients. Results: We obtained 37/71 satisfactory saliva samples from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The correlation between free serum, and salivary cortisol over all collected samples was 0.914 (p<0.001). We identified disparate interpretations for adrenal insufficiency (AI) utilizing total versus free serum cortisol. Conclusions: Salivary cortisol is an acceptable surrogate for free serum cortisol when satisfactory salivary volumes are procured. Due to inadequate sample volumes, and contamination, it should not be generally adopted in the ICU. We identified discordance between free and total cortisol in interpreting AI, suggesting reinterpretation of seminal trials investigating physiologic corticosteroid replacement on the basis of total cortisol levels. The analysis of both free serum cortisol via ultrafiltration and salivary cortisol involved two steps: sample centrifugation followed by ELISA, suggesting consideration of widespread adoption of free serum cortisol in future investigations. C1 [Duplessis, Christopher; Rascona, Dominick; Yeung, Eric] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Duplessis, C (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 175 IS 5 BP 340 EP 346 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 598FH UT WOS:000277819700010 PM 20486506 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Wallace, D Pasque, C Brickhouse, N Olsen, D Styk, S Dortch, M Beckman, WA AF Lucha, Paul A., Jr. Wallace, Douglas Pasque, Charles Brickhouse, Neal Olsen, David Styk, Stan Dortch, Myra Beckman, William A., Jr. TI Surgical Wound Morbidity in an Austere Surgical Environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; RISK AB Surgical wound morbidity was analyzed for a U.S. military field hospital deployed to the Republic of Haiti in support of Operation New Horizons 1998. The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether procedures performed in the field hospital had greater infectious risks as a result of the environment compared with historical reports for traditional hospital or clinic settings. Acceptable historical infection rates of 1.5% for clean surgical cases, 7.7% for clean contaminated cases, 15.2% for contaminated cases, and 40% for dirty cases have been noted. There were 827 operations performed during a 6-month period, with the majority of patients assigned American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification class I or II. The distribution of these cases was: 72% clean cases, 5% clean contaminated cases, 4% contaminated cases, and 19% dirty cases. The overall wound complication rate was 3.6%, which included 5 wound infections, 11 wound hematomas, 8 superficial wound separations, and 6 seromas. The infectious morbidity for clean cases, the index for evaluation of infectious complications, was 0.8%, well within the accepted standards. There were two major complications that required a return to the operating room: a wound dehiscence with infection in an orchiectomy and a postoperative hematoma with airway compromise in a subtotal thyroidectomy. There were no surgical mortalities. The infectious wound morbidity for operations performed in the field hospital environment was found to be equivalent to that described for the fixed hospital or clinic settings. No special precautions were necessary to ensure a low infection rate. The safety for patients undergoing elective surgical procedures has been established. Further training using these types of facilities should not be limited based on concerns for surgical wound morbidity. C1 [Lucha, Paul A., Jr.; Wallace, Douglas; Beckman, William A., Jr.] USN, Med Ctr Porsmouth, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Pasque, Charles] USN, Med Ctr Porsmouth, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Olsen, David] USN, Med Ctr Porsmouth, Dept Anesthesia, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Styk, Stan; Dortch, Myra] USN, Med Ctr Porsmouth, Dept Nursing, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Brickhouse, Neal] 2N FSSG, Med Battal 2, Jacksonville, NC 28542 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Porsmouth, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 175 IS 5 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 598FH UT WOS:000277819700013 PM 20486509 ER PT J AU Bachelder, EM Beaudette, TT Broaders, KE Frechet, JMJ Albrecht, MT Mateczun, AJ Ainslie, KM Pesce, JT Keane-Myers, AM AF Bachelder, Eric M. Beaudette, Tristan T. Broaders, Kyle E. Frechet, Jean M. J. Albrecht, Mark T. Mateczun, Alfred J. Ainslie, Kristy M. Pesce, John T. Keane-Myers, Andrea M. TI In Vitro Analysis of Acetalated Dextran Microparticles as a Potent Delivery Platform for Vaccine Adjuvants SO MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; microparticles; acid-degradable materials; dendritic cell; imiquimod; macrophage ID IMIQUIMOD 5-PERCENT CREAM; BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; DENDRITIC CELLS; PLGA MICROPARTICLES; ACTINIC KERATOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INITIAL BURST; CPG ODN; ANTIGEN; PROTEIN AB Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce potent innate immune responses and can be used in the development of novel vaccine adjuvants. However, access to TLRs can be challenging as exemplified by TLR 7, which is located intracellularly in endosomal compartments. To increase recognition and subsequent stimulatory effects of TLR 7, imiquimod was encapsulated in acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles. Ac-DEX, a water-insoluble and biocompatible polymer, is relatively stable at pH 7.4, but degrades rapidly under acidic conditions, such as those found in lysosomal vesicles. To determine the immunostimulatory capacity of encapsulated imiquimod, we compared the efficacy of free versus encapsulated imiquimod in activating RAW 264.7 macrophages, MH-S macrophages, and bone marrow derived dendritic cells. Encapsulated imiquimod significantly increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha cytokine expression in macrophages relative to the free drug. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in classic macrophage activation markers (iNOS, PD1-L1, and NO) after treatment with encapsulated imiquimod over the free drug. Also, bone marrow derived dendritic cells produced significantly higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12p70, and MIP-1 alpha as compared to their counterparts receiving free imiquimod. These results suggest that encapsulation of TLR ligands within Ac-DEX microparticles results in increased immunostimulation and potentially better protection from disease when used in conjunction with vaccine formulations. C1 [Bachelder, Eric M.; Beaudette, Tristan T.; Broaders, Kyle E.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albrecht, Mark T.; Mateczun, Alfred J.; Ainslie, Kristy M.; Pesce, John T.; Keane-Myers, Andrea M.] USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Vaccines & Med Countermeasures Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ainslie, Kristy M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pesce, JT (reprint author), USN, Biol Def Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Vaccines & Med Countermeasures Grp, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM John.Pesce@med.navy.mil RI Broaders, Kyle/G-2796-2010; OI Broaders, Kyle/0000-0002-6827-8717; Ainslie, Kristy/0000-0002-1820-8382; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [ZZ0020_06_NM_B]; National Institutes of Health [R01-EB005824] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency program ZZ0020_06_NM_B The development of Ac-Dex bead carriers was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NBIB Grant R01-EB005824). NR 49 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1543-8384 J9 MOL PHARMACEUT JI Mol. Pharm. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 826 EP 835 DI 10.1021/mp900311x PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 606TX UT WOS:000278452100020 PM 20230025 ER PT J AU Yakes, MK Gunlycke, D Tedesco, JL Campbell, PM Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Sheehan, PE Laracuente, AR AF Yakes, Michael K. Gunlycke, Daniel Tedesco, Joseph L. Campbell, Paul M. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Sheehan, Paul E. Laracuente, Arnaldo R. TI Conductance Anisotropy in Epitaxial Graphene Sheets Generated by Substrate Interactions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; conductivity; four probe; SiC; anisotropy ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; WAFER-SCALE; TRANSPORT; LAYERS; FILMS AB We present the first microscopic transport study of epitaxial graphene on SiC using an ultrahigh vacuum Four-probe scanning tunneling microscope. Anisotropic conductivity is observed that is caused by the interaction between the graphene and the underlying substrate. These results can be explained by a model where charge buildup at the step edges leads to local scattering of charge carriers. This highlights the importance of considering substrate effects in proposed devices that utilize nanoscale patterning of graphene on electrically isolated substrates. C1 [Yakes, Michael K.; Gunlycke, Daniel; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Campbell, Paul M.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt; Sheehan, Paul E.; Laracuente, Arnaldo R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL's Nanoscience Institute; National Research Council; American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NRL's Nanoscience Institute. We thank Jim Culbertson for assistance with Raman spectroscopy measurements. M.K.Y. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associate Program. J.L.T. acknowledges support from the American Society for Engineering Education Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship program. D.G. thanks Carter T. White for discussions. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1562 DI 10.1021/nl9035302 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 593HX UT WOS:000277444900006 PM 20397734 ER PT J AU Bell, RS Mossop, CM Dirks, MS Stephens, FL Mulligan, L Ecker, R Neal, CJ Kumar, A Tigno, T Armonda, RA AF Bell, Randy S. Mossop, Corey M. Dirks, Michael S. Stephens, Frederick L. Mulligan, Lisa Ecker, Robert Neal, Christopher J. Kumar, Anand Tigno, Teodoro Armonda, Rocco A. TI Early decompressive craniectomy for severe penetrating and closed head injury during wartime SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE decompressive craniectomy; penetrating head injury; blast injury; Glasgow Outcome Scale ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WOUNDS AB Object. Decompressive craniectomy has defined this era of damage-control wartime neurosurgery. Injuries that in previous conflicts were treated in an expectant manner are now aggressively decompressed at the far-forward Combat Support Hospital and transferred to Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) and National Naval Medical Center (NNMC) in Bethesda for definitive care. The purpose of this paper is to examine the baseline characteristics of those injured warriors who received decompressive craniectomies. The importance of this procedure will be emphasized and guidance provided to current and future neurosurgeons deployed in theater. Methods. The authors retrospectively searched a database for all soldiers injured in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom between April 2003 and October 2008 at WRAMC and NNMC. Criteria for inclusion in this study included either a closed or penetrating head injury suffered during combat operations in either Iraq or Afghanistan with subsequent neurosurgical evaluation at NNMC or WRAMC. Exclusion criteria included all cases in which primary demographic data could not be verified. Primary outcome data included the type and mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and injury severity score (ISS) at admission, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at discharge, 6 months, and 1-2 years. Results. Four hundred eight patients presented with head injury during the study period. In this population, a total of 188 decompressive craniectomies were performed (154 for penetrating head injury, 22 for closed head injury, and 12 for unknown injury mechanism). Patients who underwent decompressive craniectomies in the combat theater had significantly lower initial GCS scores (7.7 +/- 4.2 vs 10.8 +/- 4.0, p < 0.05) and higher ISSs (32.5 +/- 9.4 vs 26.8 +/- 11.8, p < 0.05) than those who did not. When comparing the GOS scores at hospital discharge, 6 months, and 1-2 years after discharge, those receiving decompressive craniectomies had significantly lower scores (3.0 +/- 0.9 vs 3.7 +/- 0.9, 3.5 +/- 1.2 vs 4.0 +/- 1.0, and 3.7 +/- 1.2 vs 4.4 +/- 0.9, respectively) than those who did not undergo decompressive craniectomies. That said, intragroup analysis indicated consistent improvement for those with craniectomy with time, allowing them, on average, to participate in and improve from rehabilitation (p < 0.05). Overall, 83% of those for whom follow-up data are available achieved a 1-year GOS score of greater than 3. Conclusions. This study of the provision of early decompressive craniectomy in a military population that sustained severe penetrating and closed head injuries represents one of the largest to date in both the civilian and military literature. The findings suggest that patients who undergo decompressive craniectomy had worse injuries than those receiving craniotomy and, while not achieving the same outcomes as those with a lesser injury, did improve with time. The authors recommend hemicraniectomy for damage control to protect patients from the effects of brain swelling during the long overseas transport to their definitive care, and it should be conducted with foresight concerning future complications and reconstructive surgical procedures. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1022) C1 [Bell, Randy S.; Mossop, Corey M.; Dirks, Michael S.; Stephens, Frederick L.; Mulligan, Lisa; Neal, Christopher J.; Armonda, Rocco A.] Univ Hlth Sci, Uniformed Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bell, Randy S.; Mulligan, Lisa; Ecker, Robert; Neal, Christopher J.; Kumar, Anand; Armonda, Rocco A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tigno, Teodoro; Armonda, Rocco A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Mossop, Corey M.; Dirks, Michael S.; Stephens, Frederick L.; Armonda, Rocco A.] Natl Capital Consortium Neurosurg Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Bell, RS (reprint author), NAVMED MPT&E, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM randy.s.bell@us.army.mil FU University of Texas, Medical Branch FX The authors are thankful for the service of all neurosurgeons deployed during OIF and OEF. They also thank Dr. Alexander H. Vo, Ph. D., from the University of Texas, Medical Branch, for his support with statistical analysis. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E1 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1022 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600001 PM 20568925 ER PT J AU Klimo, P Ragel, BT Rosner, M Gluf, W McCafferty, R AF Klimo, Paul, Jr. Ragel, Brian T. Rosner, Michael Gluf, Wayne McCafferty, Randall TI Can surgery improve neurological function in penetrating spinal injury? A review of the military and civilian literature and treatment recommendations for military neurosurgeons SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Review DE penetrating spinal injury; spinal gunshot wound; blast injury; military; decompression; laminectomy; outcome ID CORD MISSILE INJURIES; GUNSHOT WOUNDS; CAUDA-EQUINA; CERVICAL-SPINE; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; BULLET VELOCITY; WAR; MANAGEMENT; LAMINECTOMY; RECOVERY AB Object. Penetrating spinal injury (PSI), although an infrequent injury in the civilian population, is not an infrequent injury in military conflicts. Throughout military history, the role of surgery in the treatment of PSI has been controversial. The US is currently involved in 2 military campaigns, the hallmark of both being the widespread use of various explosive devices. The authors reviewed the evidence for or against the use of decompressive laminectomy to treat PSI to provide a triservice (US Army, Navy, and Air Force) consensus and treatment recommendations for military neurosurgeons and spine surgeons. Methods. A US National Library of Medicine PubMed database search that identified all literature dealing with acute management of PSI from military conflicts and civilian urban trauma centers in the post-Vietnam War period was undertaken. Results. Nineteen retrospective case series (11 military and 8 civilian) met the study criteria. Eleven military articles covered a 20-year time span that included 782 patients who suffered either gunshot or blast-related projectile wounds. Four papers included sufficient data that analyzed the effectiveness of surgery compared with nonoperative management, 6 papers concluded that surgery was of no benefit, 2 papers indicated that surgery did have a role, and 3 papers made no comment. Eight civilian articles covered a 9-year time span that included 653 patients with spinal gunshot wounds. Two articles lacked any comparative data because of treatment bias. Two papers concluded that decompressive laminectomy had a beneficial role, 1 paper favored the removal of intracanal bullets between T-12 and L-4, and 5 papers indicated that surgery was of no benefit. Conclusions. Based on the authors' military and civilian PubMed literature search, most of the evidence suggests that decompressive laminectomy does not improve neurological function in patients with PSI. However, there are serious methodological shortcomings in both literature groups. For this and other reasons, neurosurgeons from the US Air Force, Army, and Navy collectively believe that decompression should still be considered for any patient with an incomplete neurological injury and continued spinal canal compromise, ideally within 24-48 hours of injury; the patient should be stabilized concurrently if it is believed that the spinal injury is unstable. The authors recognize the highly controversial nature of this topic and hope that this literature review and the proposed treatment recommendations will be a valuable resource for deployed neurosurgeons. Ultimately, the deployed neurosurgeon must make the final treatment decision based on his or her opinion of the literature, individual abilities, and facility resources available. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1036) C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] 88th Med Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ragel, Brian T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Rosner, Michael] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Gluf, Wayne] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [McCafferty, Randall] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), 88th Med Grp, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atomkpnk@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E4 DI 10.3171/2010.2.FOCUS1036 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600004 PM 20568944 ER PT J AU Tumialan, LM Ponton, RP Garvin, A Gluf, WM AF Tumialan, Luis M. Ponton, Ryan P. Garvin, Angelina Gluf, Wayne M. TI Arthroplasty in the military: a preliminary experience with ProDisc-C and ProDisc-L SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE active-duty military; arthroplasty; cervical; lumbar; outcomes ID TOTAL DISC REPLACEMENT; INVESTIGATIONAL DEVICE EXEMPTION; CHARITE(TM) ARTIFICIAL DISC; MINIMUM FOLLOW-UP; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; IN-VIVO; FUSION; DISEASE; MOTION; RANGE AB Object. The introduction of cervical and lumbar arthroplasty has allowed for management of cervical radiculopathy and lumbar degenerative disease in patients with the preservation of motion at the affected segment. While the early clinical outcomes of this technology appear promising, it remains unclear what activity limitations should be imposed after surgery in patients with these implants. This is of particular interest in military personnel, who may be required to return to a rigorous level of activity after surgery. The goals of the FDA trials evaluating various disc arthroplasty devices were to establish safety, efficacy, and equivalency to arthrodesis. Information regarding the level of physical performance attained and restrictions or limitations is lacking, as these were outside the objectives of these trials. Nevertheless, there data are essential for the military surgeon, who is tasked with guiding the postoperative management of patients treated with arthroplasty and returning them to full duty. While there is a single report of clinical results of lumbar arthroplasty in athletes, at this writing, there are no reports of either cervical or lumbar arthroplasty in active duty military personnel. Methods. The surgical database at a single, tertiary care military treatment facility was queried for all active-duty patients who underwent placement of either a cervical or lumbar arthroplasty device over a 3-year period. The authors performed a retrospective chart review to collect patient and procedural data including blood loss, length of hospital stay, tobacco use, age, rank, complications, and ability to return to full unrestricted active duty. Arthroplasty cohorts were then compared to historical controls of arthrodesis to ascertain differences in the time required to return to full duty. Results. Twelve patients were identified who underwent cervical arthroplasty. All patients returned to unrestricted full duty. This cohort was then compared with 12 patients who had undergone a single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The average time to return to unrestricted full duty for the arthroplasty group was 10.3 weeks (range 7-13 weeks), whereas that in the fusion group was 16.5 weeks. This difference between these 2 groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008). Twelve patients were identified who underwent lumbar arthroplasty. Ten (83%) of 12 patients in this group returned to unrestricted full duty. In patients who returned to full duty, it took an average of 22.6 weeks (range 12-29 weeks). This cohort was then compared with one in which patients had undergone anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Eight (67%) of 12 patients in the lumbar arthrodesis group returned to unrestricted full duty. In patients who returned to full duty, it took an average of 32.4 weeks (range 25-41 weeks). This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). Conclusions. The preliminary experience with cervical and lumbar arthroplasty at the authors' institution indicates that arthroplasty is comparable with arthrodesis and may actually expedite return to active duty. Patients are capable of returning to a high level of rigorous training and physical performance. There are no apparent restrictions or limitations that are required after 3 months in the cervical patient and after 6 months in the lumbar patient. Further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are indicated and will be of value when determining the role of arthroplasty compared to arthrodesis in the active-duty population. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS102) C1 [Tumialan, Luis M.; Ponton, Ryan P.; Garvin, Angelina; Gluf, Wayne M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tumialan, LM (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM luis.tumialan@med.navy.mil NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E18 DI 10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS102 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600018 PM 20568934 ER PT J AU Tumialan, LM Ponton, RP Gluf, WM AF Tumialan, Luis M. Ponton, Ryan P. Gluf, Wayne M. TI Management of unilateral cervical radiculopathy in the military: the cost effectiveness of posterior cervical foraminotomy compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion SO NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS LA English DT Article DE anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; cost effectiveness; posterior cervical foraminotomy; cervical radiculopathy ID EXPERIENCE; DISEASE; SPINE AB Object. To review the cost effectiveness for the management of a unilateral cervical radiculopathy with either posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in military personnel, with a particular focus on time required to return to active-duty service. Methods. Following internal review board approval, the authors conducted a retrospective review of 38 cases in which patients underwent surgical management of unilateral cervical radiculopathy. Nineteen patients who underwent PCF were matched for age, treatment level, and surgeon to 19 patients who had undergone ACDF. Successful outcome was determined by return to full, unrestricted active-duty military service. The difference in time of return to active duty was compared between the groups. In addition, a cost analysis consisting of direct and indirect costs was used to compare the PCF group to the ACDF group. Results. A total of 21 levels were operated on in each group. There were 17 men and 2 women in the PCF group, whereas all 19 patients in the ACDF group were men. The average age at the time of surgery was 41.5 years (range 27-56 years) and 39.3 years (range 24-52 years) for the PCF and ACDF groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in operating room time, estimated blood loss, or postoperative narcotic refills. Complications included 2 cases of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in the ACDF group. The average time to return to unrestricted full duty was 4.8 weeks (range 1-8 weeks) in the PCF group and 19.6 weeks (range 12-32 weeks) in the ACDF group, a difference of 14.8 weeks (p < 0.001). The direct costs of each surgery were $3570 for the PCF and $10,078 for the ACDF, a difference of $6508. Based on the 14.8-week difference in time to return to active duty, the indirect cost was calculated to range from $13,586 to $24,045 greater in the ACDF group. Total cost (indirect plus direct) ranged from $20,094 to $30,553 greater in the ACDF group. Conclusions. In the management of unilateral posterior cervical radiculopathy for military active-duty personnel, PCF offers a benefit relative to ACDF in immediate short-term direct and long-term indirect costs. The indirect cost of a service member away from full, unrestricted active duty 14.8 weeks longer in the ACDF group was the main contributor to this difference. (DOI: 10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS09305) C1 [Tumialan, Luis M.; Ponton, Ryan P.; Gluf, Wayne M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tumialan, LM (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM luis.tumialan@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1092-0684 J9 NEUROSURG FOCUS JI Neurosurg. Focus PD MAY PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 AR E17 DI 10.3171/2010.1.FOCUS09305 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 589ZU UT WOS:000277193600017 PM 20568933 ER PT J AU Beute, TC AF Beute, Trisha C. TI THE USE OF A TOPICAL ANTIHISTAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF RAISED LINEAR BANDS OF INFANCY SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Raised linear bands of infancy is a newly recognized but rarely reported entity whose etiology remains unknown. Some cases have been associated with dermatographism and it has been postulated that the bands may be related to an increase in collagen deposition and fibrosis from increased mast cell mediators. This is the first reported case of raised linear bands responding to treatment with a topical antihistamine. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Beute, TC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM trisha.beute@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 312 EP 314 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 601DB UT WOS:000278037100027 PM 20609161 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N AF Shabaev, A. Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. Mehl, M. J. Bernstein, N. TI First-principles calculations and tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations of the palladium-hydrogen system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; BAND-STRUCTURE; NOBLE-METALS; PDHX; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; SURFACES; HYDRIDE; PDDX AB We present a study of palladium-hydrogen system by the linearized augmented plane-wave (LAPW) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tight-binding (TB) methods. We constructed a TB Hamiltonian by fitting to first-principles LAPW data for the electronic energies of a large range of palladium and palladium hydride structures differing in symmetry and compositions as a function of volume. This TB Hamiltonian was then used to calculate phonon frequencies and elastic constants. Our calculations show good agreement with experiments and demonstrate the efficiency of the NRL-TB scheme. In addition, we performed tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the density of states, mean-squared displacement, and the formation energy as a function of hydrogen content. We found a relative dip in the lattice energy of structures near the experimental limit of hydrogen content. We calculated the nearest hydrogen-hydrogen distance for various compositions of palladium hydride and confirmed the Switendick criterion. C1 [Shabaev, A.; Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mehl, M. J.; Bernstein, N.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46425] FX We thank Joseph L. Feldman for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46425. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 18 AR 184103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184103 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 602LX UT WOS:000278141800026 ER PT J AU Tanatar, MA Blomberg, EC Kreyssig, A Kim, MG Ni, N Thaler, A Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI Mazin, II Prozorov, R AF Tanatar, M. A. Blomberg, E. C. Kreyssig, A. Kim, M. G. Ni, N. Thaler, A. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Goldman, A. I. Mazin, I. I. Prozorov, R. TI Uniaxial-strain mechanical detwinning of CaFe2As2 and BaFe2As2 crystals: Optical and transport study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FERROPNICTIDES; SUPERCONDUCTOR; STATE AB The parent compounds of iron-arsenide superconductors, AFe(2)As(2) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba), undergo a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural transition at a temperature T-TO in the range 135-205 K depending on the alkaline-earth element. Below T-TO the free standing crystals split into equally populated structural domains, which mask intrinsic, in-plane, anisotropic properties of the materials. Here we demonstrate a way of mechanically detwinning CaFe2As2 and BaFe2As2. The detwinning is nearly complete, as demonstrated by polarized light imaging and synchrotron x-ray measurements, and reversible, with twin pattern restored after strain release. Electrical resistivity measurements in the twinned and detwinned states show that resistivity, rho, decreases along the orthorhombic a(o) axis but increases along the orthorhombic b(o) axis in both compounds. Immediately below T-TO the ratio rho(bo)/rho(ao) = 1.2 and 1.5 for Ca and Ba compounds, respectively. Contrary to CaFe2As2, BaFe2As2 reveals an anisotropy in the nominally tetragonal phase, suggesting that either fluctuations play a larger role above T-TO in BaFe2As2 than in CaFe2As2 or that there is a higher temperature crossover or phase transition. C1 [Tanatar, M. A.; Blomberg, E. C.; Kreyssig, A.; Kim, M. G.; Ni, N.; Thaler, A.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.; Prozorov, R.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blomberg, E. C.; Kim, M. G.; Ni, N.; Thaler, A.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.; Prozorov, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tanatar, MA (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tanatar@ameslab.gov; prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014 OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; Thaler, Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank D. Robinson for the excellent support of the high-energy x-ray scattering study and L. Podervyansky for help in writing the manuscript. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. acknowledges support from Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 48 TC 163 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 18 AR 184508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184508 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 602LX UT WOS:000278141800087 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bnzarov, I Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M De Silva, LC Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dzhordzhadze, V Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, N Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Semertzidis, Y Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhu, X Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bnzarov, I. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. De Silva, L. C. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dzhordzhadze, V. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, N. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Semertzidis, Y. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X-H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ELLIPTIC FLOW; HOT QCD; STAR; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; MATTER; VACUUM AB Parity (P)-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in noncentral collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three-particle mixed-harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a P-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge-separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 and 62 GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to P violation. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dzhordzhadze, V.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Semertzidis, Y.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bnzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Chen, J. H.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; Van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Ridiger, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Khodyrev, V. Yu.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C-H.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X-H.; Tian, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daugherity, M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Feng, A.; Li, N.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG FX We thank D. Kharzeev for discussions on the local strong-P-violation phenomenon and its experimental signatures. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL and the NERSC Center at LBNL and the resources provided by the Open Science Grid consortium for their support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, and the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; CNRS/IN2P3, RA, RPL, and EMN of France; STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP of Brazil; the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; the NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; IRP and GA of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of the Government of India; the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research; and the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation. NR 53 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2010 VL 81 IS 5 AR 054908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.054908 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 602NA UT WOS:000278144800051 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Spectra of identified high-p(T) pi(+/-) and p((p)over-bar ) in Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; D+AU COLLISIONS; HADRONS; QUARK; JETS; P+P AB We report new results on identified (anti) proton and charged pion spectra at large transverse momenta (3 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c) from Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This study explores the system size dependence of two novel features observed at RHIC with heavy ions: the hadron suppression at high-p(T) and the anomalous baryon to meson enhancement at intermediate transverse momenta. Both phenomena could be attributed to the creation of a new form of QCD matter. The results presented here bridge the system size gap between the available pp and Au + Au data, and allow for a detailed exploration of the onset of the novel features. Comparative analysis of all available 200 GeV data indicates that the system size is a major factor determining both the magnitude of the hadron spectra suppression at large transverse momenta and the relative baryon to meson enhancement. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] AS CR, Inst Nucl Phys, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fedorisin, J.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sandweiss, J.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; FU Offices of Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP; CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NOW of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education,; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe', CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NOW of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2010 VL 81 IS 5 AR 054907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.054907 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 602NA UT WOS:000278144800050 ER PT J AU Coffey, T AF Coffey, Timothy TI Large amplitude relativistic plasma waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma density; plasma electrostatic waves; plasma nonlinear waves; plasma oscillations; plasma simulation; relativistic plasmas; Vlasov equation ID OSCILLATIONS; BREAKING AB Relativistic, longitudinal plasma oscillations are studied for the case of a simple water bag distribution of electrons having cylindrical symmetry in momentum space with the axis of the cylinder parallel to the velocity of wave propagation. The plasma is required to obey the relativistic Vlasov-Poisson equations, and solutions are sought in the wave frame. An exact solution for the plasma density as a function of the electrostatic field is derived. The maximum electric field is presented in terms of an integral over the known density. It is shown that when the perpendicular momentum is neglected, the maximum electric field approaches infinity as the wave phase velocity approaches the speed of light. It is also shown that for any nonzero perpendicular momentum, the maximum electric field will remain finite as the wave phase velocity approaches the speed of light. The relationship to previously published solutions is discussed as is some recent controversy regarding the proper modeling of large amplitude relativistic plasma waves. [doi: 10.1063/1.3418351] C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coffey, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 052303 DI 10.1063/1.3418351 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900013 ER PT J AU Cothran, CD Brown, MR Gray, T Schaffer, MJ Marklin, G Lukin, VS AF Cothran, C. D. Brown, M. R. Gray, T. Schaffer, M. J. Marklin, G. Lukin, V. S. TI Observation of a nonaxisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic self-organized state SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physics-Society CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys DE plasma magnetohydrodynamics; plasma toroidal confinement ID REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TILTING INSTABILITY; SPHEROMAK; RELAXATION; PLASMA; CONFIGURATION AB A nonaxisymmetric stable magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium within a prolate cylindrical conducting boundary has been produced experimentally at Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) [M. R. Brown , Phys. Plasmas 6, 1717 (1999)]. It has m=1 toroidal symmetry, helical distortion, and flat lambda profile. Each of these observed characteristics are in agreement with the magnetically relaxed minimum magnetic energy Taylor state. The Taylor state is computed using the methods described by A. Bondeson [Phys. Fluids 24, 1682 (1981)] and by J. M. Finn [Phys. Fluids 24, 1336 (1981)] and is compared in detail to the measured internal magnetic structure. The lifetime of this nonaxisymmetric compact torus (CT) is comparable to or greater than that of the axisymmetric CTs produced at SSX; thus suggesting confinement is not degraded by its nonaxisymmetry. For both one- and two-spheromak initial state plasmas, this same equilibrium consistently emerges as the final state. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3327214] C1 [Cothran, C. D.; Brown, M. R.; Gray, T.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Schaffer, M. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Marklin, G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cothran, CD (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM cothran.c@gmail.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 055705 DI 10.1063/1.3327214 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900088 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L Scales, W Wang, J Mithaiwala, M AF Ganguli, Gurudas Rudakov, Leonid Scales, Wayne Wang, Joseph Mithaiwala, Manish TI Three dimensional character of whistler turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma electromagnetic wave propagation; plasma electrostatic waves; plasma flow; plasma nonlinear waves; plasma simulation; turbulence ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; PLASMA; WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; COLLAPSE AB It is shown that the dominant nonlinear effect makes the evolution of whistler turbulence essentially three dimensional in character. Induced nonlinear scattering due to slow density perturbation resulting from ponderomotive force triggers energy flux toward lower frequency. Anisotropic wave vector spectrum is generated by large angle scatterings from thermal plasma particles, in which the wave propagation angle is substantially altered but the frequency spectrum changes a little. As a consequence, the wave vector spectrum does not indicate the trajectory of the energy flux. There can be conversion of quasielectrostatic waves into electromagnetic waves with large group velocity, enabling convection of energy away from the region. We use a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell model with the ambient magnetic field out of the simulation plane to generate the essential three-dimensional nonlinear effects. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3420245] C1 [Ganguli, Gurudas; Mithaiwala, Manish] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, Leonid] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Scales, Wayne] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wang, Joseph] Univ So Calif, Astronaut Engn Div, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gurudas.ganguli@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR; DARPA FX This work was supported by the ONR and the DARPA. Stimulating discussions with Dennis Papadopoulos, Valentin Shevchenko, Parvez Guzdar, and Dan Winske are acknowledged. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article/presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 052310 DI 10.1063/1.3420245 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900020 ER PT J AU Harding, EC Drake, RP Aglitskiy, Y Plewa, T Velikovich, AL Gillespie, RS Weaver, JL Visco, A Grosskopf, MJ Ditmar, JR AF Harding, E. C. Drake, R. P. Aglitskiy, Y. Plewa, T. Velikovich, A. L. Gillespie, R. S. Weaver, J. L. Visco, A. Grosskopf, M. J. Ditmar, J. R. TI Laser driven supersonic flow over a compressible foam surface on the Nike laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physics-Society CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys DE aluminium; compressible flow; dispersion relations; foams; plasma flow; plasma instability; plasma production by laser; plasma shock waves; supersonic flow ID LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS; HYDRODYNAMICS CODE; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; SHEAR-LAYER; JETS; SUPERNOVAE; PLASMA; SHOCKS; FLUIDS AB A laser driven millimeter-scale target was used to generate a supersonic shear layer in an attempt to create a Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) unstable interface in a high-energy-density (HED) plasma. The KH instability is a fundamental fluid instability that remains unexplored in HED plasmas, which are relevant to the inertial confinement fusion and astrophysical environments. In the experiment presented here the Nike laser [S. P. Obenschain , Phys. Plasmas 3, 2098 (1996)] was used to create and drive Al plasma over a rippled foam surface. In response to the supersonic Al flow (Mach=2.6 +/- 1.1) shocks should form in the Al flow near the perturbations. The experimental data were used to infer the existence and location of these shocks. In addition, the interface perturbations show growth that has possible contributions from both KH and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. Since compressible shear layers exhibit smaller growth, it is important to use the KH growth rate derived from the compressible dispersion relation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3314335] C1 [Harding, E. C.; Drake, R. P.; Gillespie, R. S.; Visco, A.; Grosskopf, M. J.; Ditmar, J. R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.; Velikovich, A. L.; Weaver, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plewa, T.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Harding, EC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 056310 DI 10.1063/1.3314335 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900123 ER PT J AU Karasik, M Weaver, JL Aglitskiy, Y Watari, T Arikawa, Y Sakaiya, T Oh, J Velikovich, AL Zalesak, ST Bates, JW Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Murakami, M Azechi, H AF Karasik, Max Weaver, J. L. Aglitskiy, Y. Watari, T. Arikawa, Y. Sakaiya, T. Oh, J. Velikovich, A. L. Zalesak, S. T. Bates, J. W. Obenschain, S. P. Schmitt, A. J. Murakami, M. Azechi, H. TI Acceleration to high velocities and heating by impact using Nike KrF laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physics-Society CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys DE laser fusion; plasma diagnostics; plasma heating by laser; plasma temperature ID FUSION; IGNITION; FACILITY AB The Nike krypton fluoride laser [S. P. Obenschain, S. E. Bodner, D. Colombant, , Phys. Plasmas 3, 2098 (1996)] is used to accelerate planar plastic foils to velocities that for the first time reach 1000 km/s. Collision of the highly accelerated deuterated polystyrene foil with a stationary target produces similar to Gbar shock pressures and results in heating of the foil to thermonuclear temperatures. The impact conditions are diagnosed using DD fusion neutron yield, with similar to 10(6) neutrons produced during the collision. Time-of-flight neutron detectors are used to measure the ion temperature upon impact, which reaches 2-3 keV. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3399786] C1 [Karasik, Max; Weaver, J. L.; Velikovich, A. L.; Zalesak, S. T.; Bates, J. W.; Obenschain, S. P.; Schmitt, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Watari, T.; Arikawa, Y.; Sakaiya, T.; Murakami, M.; Azechi, H.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Oh, J.] RSI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Karasik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karasik@nrl.navy.mil RI Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; Arikawa, Yasunobu/L-8760-2015; murakami, masakatsu/I-2309-2015 OI Arikawa, Yasunobu/0000-0002-3142-3060; murakami, masakatsu/0000-0003-2220-7638 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 056317 DI 10.1063/1.3399786 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900130 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ AF Keskinen, M. J. TI Kinetic model for ion pressure perturbations in inhomogeneous laser-matter interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE Fokker-Planck equation; laser fusion; plasma kinetic theory; plasma light propagation; plasma pressure; pulsed laser deposition; Vlasov equation ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT; INVERSE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; FUSION-TARGETS; HOT-SPOTS; PLASMAS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB A Boltzmann-Vlasov Fokker-Planck model is used to characterize the evolution of ion pressure perturbations from nonuniform laser deposition in a plasma slab. It is found that significant reduction and smoothing of ion pressure perturbations from nonuniform optically smoothed single beam laser deposition can be achieved on hydrodynamic time scales over a range of scale sizes. In addition, it is observed that the ion Fokker-Planck model predicts more smoothing of the ion pressure perturbations from the critical to ablation surface than the ion fluid model. [10.1063/1.3418316] C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We wish to thank Andy Schmitt, S. Obenschain, D. Colombant, W. Manheimer, and J. Bates for useful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 AR 054507 DI 10.1063/1.3418316 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 603BM UT WOS:000278182900077 ER PT J AU Morrison, AC Minnick, SL Rocha, C Forshey, BM Stoddard, ST Getis, A Focks, DA Russell, KL Olson, JG Blair, PJ Watts, DM Sihuincha, M Scott, TW Kochel, TJ AF Morrison, Amy C. Minnick, Sharon L. Rocha, Claudio Forshey, Brett M. Stoddard, Steven T. Getis, Arthur Focks, Dana A. Russell, Kevin L. Olson, James G. Blair, Patrick J. Watts, Douglas M. Sihuincha, Moises Scott, Thomas W. Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Epidemiology of Dengue Virus in Iquitos, Peru 1999 to 2005: Interepidemic and Epidemic Patterns of Transmission SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLAQUE REDUCTION NEUTRALIZATION; PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; KAMPHAENG PHET; SHOCK SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; THAILAND; VECTOR AB Background: Comprehensive, longitudinal field studies that monitor both disease and vector populations for dengue viruses are urgently needed as a pre-requisite for developing locally adaptable prevention programs or to appropriately test and license new vaccines. Methodology and Principal Findings: We report the results from such a study spanning 5 years in the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru where DENV infection was monitored serologically among similar to 2,400 members of a neighborhood-based cohort and through school-based absenteeism surveillance for active febrile illness among a subset of this cohort. At baseline, 80% of the study population had DENV antibodies, seroprevalence increased with age, and significant geographic variation was observed, with neighborhood-specific age-adjusted rates ranging from 67.1 to 89.9%. During the first 15 months, when DENV-1 and DENV-2 were co-circulating, population-based incidence rates ranged from 2-3 infections/100 person-years (p-years). The introduction of DENV-3 during the last half of 2001 was characterized by 3 distinct periods: amplification over at least 5-6 months, replacement of previously circulating serotypes, and epidemic transmission when incidence peaked at 89 infections/100 p-years. Conclusions/Significance: Neighborhood-specific baseline seroprevalence rates were not predictive of geographic incidence patterns prior to the DENV-3 introduction, but were closely mirrored during the invasion of this serotype. Transmission varied geographically, with peak incidence occurring at different times among the 8 geographic zones in similar to 16 km(2) of the city. The lag from novel serotype introduction to epidemic transmission and knowledge of spatially explicit areas of elevated risk should be considered for more effective application of limited resources for dengue prevention. C1 [Morrison, Amy C.; Minnick, Sharon L.; Stoddard, Steven T.; Scott, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morrison, Amy C.; Rocha, Claudio; Forshey, Brett M.; Russell, Kevin L.; Olson, James G.; Blair, Patrick J.; Watts, Douglas M.; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Washington, DC USA. [Getis, Arthur] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Focks, Dana A.] Infect Dis Anal, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sihuincha, Moises] Loreto Reg Hlth Dept, Loreto Reg Reference Lab, Iquitos, Peru. RP Morrison, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amy.aegypti@gmail.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease [AI-42332]; Military Infectious Disease Research Program [62787_870_S_B0001]; Innovative Vector Control Consortium FX This research was supported by a grant (AI-42332) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, the Military Infectious Disease Research Program (Work Unit Number: 62787_870_S_B0001), and the Innovative Vector Control Consortium (http://www.ivcc.com/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2727 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 5 AR e670 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000670 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 608QO UT WOS:000278601000003 PM 20454609 ER PT J AU Tavakoli, HR AF Tavakoli, Hamid R. TI The Importance of Assigning Meaning to Life's Events SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tavakoli, Hamid R.] USN, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Tavakoli, Hamid R.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Tavakoli, HR (reprint author), USN, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM hamid.tavakoli@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.3928/0485713-20100430-07 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 597QV UT WOS:000277776000007 ER PT J AU Lincoln, SH Holmes, EK AF Lincoln, Sarah Hope Holmes, Elizabeth K. TI The Psychology of Making Ethical Decisions: What Affects the Decision? SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES LA English DT Article DE ethical decision making; moral intensity; chaplains; ethical professional development ID ISSUE-CONTINGENT MODEL; MORAL INTENSITY; ORGANIZATIONS; CONTEXT AB Individuals engage in an ethical decision-making process to solve ethical dilemmas. This empirical study of Navy chaplains explored the process of ethical decision making and the extent to which the characteristics of the moral situation influence the decision-making process. The results of the study are visually displayed in a model that pictures the steps in ethical decision making, which could be used as a teaching and training tool for professionals. C1 [Lincoln, Sarah Hope; Holmes, Elizabeth K.] USN Acad, Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Holmes, EK (reprint author), VADM James B Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, 112 Cooper Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ekholmes@usna.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1541-1559 J9 PSYCHOL SERV JI Psychol. Serv. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1037/a0018710 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 789QF UT WOS:000292529700001 ER PT J AU Drob, DP Garces, M Hedlin, M Brachet, N AF Drob, Douglas P. Garces, Milton Hedlin, Michael Brachet, Nicolas TI The Temporal Morphology of Infrasound Propagation SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Infrasound; atmospheric variability; climatology; automated event detection; source location; CTBTO; IDC; IMS ID INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SOUND-PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; LOCATION; MODEL; WINDS AB Expert knowledge suggests that the performance of automated infrasound event association and source location algorithms could be greatly improved by the ability to continually update station travel-time curves to properly account for the hourly, daily, and seasonal changes of the atmospheric state. With the goal of reducing false alarm rates and improving network detection capability we endeavor to develop, validate, and integrate this capability into infrasound processing operations at the International Data Centre of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization. Numerous studies have demonstrated that incorporation of hybrid ground-to-space (G2S) enviromental specifications in numerical calculations of infrasound signal travel time and azimuth deviation yields significantly improved results over that of climatological atmospheric specifications, specifically for tropospheric and stratospheric modes. A robust infrastructure currently exists to generate hybrid G2S vector spherical harmonic coefficients, based on existing operational and emperical models on a real-time basis (every 3- to 6-hours) (Drob et al., 2003). Thus the next requirement in this endeavor is to refine numerical procedures to calculate infrasound propagation characteristics for robust automatic infrasound arrival identification and network detection, location, and characterization algorithms. We present results from a new code that integrates the local (range-independent) tau p ray equations to provide travel time, range, turning point, and azimuth deviation for any location on the globe given a G2S vector spherical harmonic coefficient set. The code employs an accurate numerical technique capable of handling square-root singularities. We investigate the seasonal variability of propagation characteristics over a five-year time series for two different stations within the International Monitoring System with the aim of understanding the capabilities of current working knowledge of the atmosphere and infrasound propagation models. The statistical behaviors or occurrence frequency of various propagation configurations are discussed. Representative examples of some of these propagation configuration states are also shown. C1 [Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, Milton] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Infrasound Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hedlin, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Lab Atmospher Acoust, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Brachet, Nicolas] CTBTO, Int Data Ctr, Provis Tech Secretariat, Vienna, Austria. RP Drob, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.drob@nrl.navy.mil; milton@isla.hawaii.edu RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 FU Office of Naval Research FX The methodologies and tools presented here were developed in part in an effort supported by the Office of Naval Research to investigate whether signals from infrasound ground-truth events could be inverted to obtain information about the atmosphere, i.e., ground-to-space infrasound acoustic tomography, such as is currently in routine use in oceanography and seismology. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 17 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 167 IS 4-5 BP 437 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0080-6 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 577YS UT WOS:000276260500005 ER PT J AU Rockafellar, RT Royset, JO AF Rockafellar, R. T. Royset, J. O. TI On buffered failure probability in design and optimization of structures SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Failure probability; Structural reliability; Reliability-based design optimization ID SAMPLE AVERAGE APPROXIMATIONS; RELIABILITY; ALGORITHMS AB In reliability engineering focused on the design and optimization of structures, the typical measure of reliability is the probability of failure of the structure or its individual components relative to specific limit states. However, the failure probability has troublesome properties that raise several theoretical, practical, and computational issues. This paper explains the seriousness of these issues in the context of design optimization and goes on to propose a new alternative measure, the buffered failure probability, which offers significant advantages. The buffered failure probability is handled with relative ease in design optimization problems, accounts for the degree of violation of a performance threshold, and is more conservative than the failure probability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Royset, J. O.] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rockafellar, R. T.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtr@math.washington.edu; joroyset@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA08337G003] FX The second author acknowledges financial supported from Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator grant F1ATA08337G003. The authors are thankful for comments provided by Prof. A. Der Kiureghian, University of California, Berkeley, on a draft of this paper and also acknowledge assistance from Mr. Habib G. Basova, Naval Postgraduate School, with a numerical example. Opinions and statements expressed in this paper, however, are solely those of the authors. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 95 IS 5 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2010.01.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 578WK UT WOS:000276327100007 ER PT J AU Harris, E Olshenske, Z AF Harris, E. Olshenske, Z. TI Aligned Discontinuous Fiber-based Formable Textiles for Aircraft Composite Repair SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Lightweight, polymer matrix composites (PMC's) are an enabling material for Naval aircraft providing a combination of high stiffness to weight ratio and improved corrosion and fatigue resistance. In service Navy aircraft which incorporate extensive composite structure, though, are often subject to impact related damage resulting in various defects in the components which need to be repaired. Bonded patch repair processes are a preferred field repair solution (versus bolted repairs) as the resulting repair joint can obtain the stiffness and strength of the original part skin if performed correctly. Obtaining quality bonded repair joints becomes increasingly difficult, though, as the complex curvature of the part increases, even when using wet layup, fabric based laminate patches. This preliminary study evaluates the benefits of utilizing a new aligned, discontinuous "formable" textile called DiscoTex (R) (in development by Pepin Associates) for producing laminate patches for bonded repairs on select double curvature composite shapes typical of those geometries found on fixed wing fighter aircraft. C1 [Harris, E.] NAVAIR, Mat Engn Div, San Diego, CA USA. NAVAIR, Mat Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Harris, E (reprint author), NAVAIR, Mat Engn Div, San Diego, CA USA. EM Edward.W.Harris@navy.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 16 EP 25 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 583ZC UT WOS:000276718200002 ER PT J AU Tufts, JB Weathersby, PK Rodriguez, FA AF Tufts, Jennifer B. Weathersby, Paul K. Rodriguez, Francisco A. TI Modeling the Unites States government's economic cost of noise-induced hearing loss for a military population SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ANSI S3.44-1996; compensation; hearing conservation program; ISO 1999; military; noise-induced hearing loss; occupational hazard; US Navy; veteran, workplace ID ACCIDENTS; EXPOSURE AB Objective The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of developing economic cost models for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). First, we outline an economic model of NIHL for a population of US Navy sailors with an "industrial"-type noise exposure. Next, we describe the effect on NIHL-related cost of varying the two central model inputs the noise-exposure level and the duration of exposure. Such an analysis can help prioritize promising areas, to which limited resources to reduce NIHL-related costs should be devoted. Methods NIHL-related costs borne by the US government were computed on a yearly basis using a finite element approach that took into account varying levels of susceptibility to NIHL. Predicted hearing thresholds for the population were computed with ANSI S3.44-1996 and then used as the basis for the calculation of NIHL-related costs. Annual and cumulative costs were tracked. Noise-exposure level and duration were systematically varied to determine their effects on the expected lifetime NIHL-related cost of a specific US Navy sailor population. Results Our nominal noise-exposure case [93 dB(A) for six years] yielded a total expected lifetime cost of US$13 472 per sailor, with plausible lower and upper bounds of US$2500 and US$26 000. Starting with the nominal case, a decrease of 50% in exposure level or duration would yield cost savings of approximately 23% and 19%, respectively. We concluded that a reduction in noise level would be more somewhat more cost-effective than the same percentage reduction in years of exposure. Conclusion Our economic cost model can be used to estimate the changes in NIHL-related costs that would result from changes in noise-exposure level and/or duration for a single military population. Although the model is limited at present, suggestions are provided for adapting it to civilian populations. C1 [Tufts, Jennifer B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Commun Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Weathersby, Paul K.] USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. RP Tufts, JB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Commun Sci, 850 Bolton Rd,Unit 1085, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jennifer.tufts@uconn.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Occupational Health Program FX The Office of Naval Research and the Defense Occupational Health Program funded this work. We thank Lynne Marshall for her continual programmatic support and thoughtful comments on this manuscript. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 242 EP 249 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589RP UT WOS:000277171000007 PM 20339823 ER PT J AU Haegel, NM EWilliams, S Frenzen, CL Scandrett, C AF Haegel, Nancy M. EWilliams, Scott Frenzen, C. L. Scandrett, Clyde TI Minority carrier lifetime variations associated with misfit dislocation networks in heteroepitaxial GaInP SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; RECOMBINATION; RELAXATION AB Variations in minority carrier transport properties associated with networks of misfit dislocations have been measured using a unique optical technique in p-type GaInP grown on Ge. The diffusion length L of minority carriers has been measured with a spatial resolution of 0.4 mu m in regions showing alternating light and dark luminescence bands. Periodic variations of +/- 4% from a mean diffusion length of 3.9 mu m were measured and found to be anti-correlated to intensity fluctuations. A model based on the coupling between luminescence intensity and minority carrier lifetime allows for the extraction of spatial variation of both radiative and non-radiative lifetimes. For this high quality material, with relatively low concentrations of non-radiative recombination centers, the results indicate variations in radiative recombination lifetime associated with dopant fluctuations. C1 [Haegel, Nancy M.; EWilliams, Scott] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Frenzen, C. L.; Scandrett, Clyde] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0526330]; DNDO Academic Research Initiative [ARI/NSF 083007] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no DMR-0526330 and by the DNDO Academic Research Initiative under grant no ARI/NSF 083007. The GaInP heterostructure material was grown by C Fetzer of Spectrolab Inc. We acknowledge helpful discussions with H J Yoon and R King of Spectrolab Inc. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 AR 055017 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/25/5/055017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 586FN UT WOS:000276888900017 ER PT J AU Perez, I DiUlio, M Maley, S Phan, N AF Perez, Ignacio DiUlio, Michael Maley, Scott Phan, Nam TI Structural Health Management in the NAVY SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE integrated condition assessment system; comprehensive automated maintenance environment-optimized; sense and response logistics; Navy communities; fatigue life expended; life cycle cost AB There is a critical need for integrated system health management (ISHM) approaches to asset maintenance. Ideally, ISHM methodologies would track the system usage and the associated loads, monitor the system degradation and materials state, monitor relevant environmental parameters and their effects on system degradation, detect insipient system damage, diagnose failure mode, predict future system performance, and recommend maintenance actions. Even though there has been considerable progress in many subareas of ISHM over the past years, there is still ample room for future improvements in all technological aspects affecting ISHM. In fact, progress in ISHM has not been uniform. Some subsystems have experienced a far greater degree of development than others. For example, engine and machinery health monitoring and diagnostics, due to its criticality, has evolved at a faster pace than structural health monitoring. This article will review some of the aspects that need to be addressed in order to make structural health monitoring (SHM) of military systems a reality in the near future. C1 [Perez, Ignacio] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [DiUlio, Michael] USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Maley, Scott; Phan, Nam] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20678 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM ignacio.perez1@navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 SI SI BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1177/1475921710366498 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 585RJ UT WOS:000276845800002 ER PT J AU Hanas, JS Briggs, GB Lerner, MR Lightfoot, SA Larabee, JL Karsies, TJ Epstein, RB Hanas, RJ Brackett, DJ Hocker, JR AF Hanas, Jay S. Briggs, G. Bruce Lerner, Megan R. Lightfoot, Stan A. Larabee, Jason L. Karsies, Todd J. Epstein, Robert B. Hanas, Rushie J. Brackett, Daniel J. Hocker, James R. TI Systemic molecular and cellular changes induced in rats upon inhalation of JP-8 petroleum fuel vapor SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE JP-8 inhalation rat model; petroleum/hydrocarbon-induced heart damage; toxicity biomarkers; mass spectrometry; cDNA arrays ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; AIR-FORCE PERSONNEL; JET FUEL; DERMAL EXPOSURE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EXPRESSION; HEART; SKIN; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY AB Limited information is available regarding systemic changes in mammals associated with exposures to petroleum/hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, systemic toxicity of JP-8 jet fuel was observed in a rat inhalation model at different JP-8 fuel vapor concentrations (250, 500, or 1000 mg/m(3), for 91 days). Gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry sequencing identified the alpha-2 microglobulin protein to be elevated in rat kidney in a JP-8 dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of kidney and lung tissue extracts revealed JP-8 dependent elevation of inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Tissue changes were observed histologically (hematoxylin and eosin staining) in liver, kidney, lung, bone marrow, and heart, and more prevalently at medium or high JP-8 vapor phase exposures (500-1000 mg/m(3)) than at low vapor phase exposure (250 mg/m(3)) or non-JP-8 controls. JP-8 fuel-induced liver alterations included dilated sinusoids, cytoplasmic clumping, and fat cell deposition. Changes to the kidneys included reduced numbers of nuclei, and cytoplasmic dumping in the lumen of proximal convoluted tubules. JP-8 dependent lung alterations were edema and dilated alveolar capillaries, which allowed clumping of red blood cells (RBCs). Changes in the bone marrow in response to JP-8 included reduction of fat cells and fat globules, and cellular proliferation (RBCs, white blood cells-WBCs, and megakaryocytes). Heart tissue from JP-8 exposed animals contained increased numbers of inflammatory and fibroblast cells, as well as myofibril scarring. cDNA array analysis of heart tissue revealed a JP-8 dependent increase in atrial natriuretic peptide precursor mRNA and a decrease in voltage-gated potassium (K+) ion channel mRNA. C1 [Hanas, Jay S.; Larabee, Jason L.; Karsies, Todd J.; Hanas, Rushie J.; Hocker, James R.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Hanas, Jay S.; Lerner, Megan R.; Lightfoot, Stan A.; Brackett, Daniel J.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Hanas, Jay S.; Lerner, Megan R.; Lightfoot, Stan A.; Brackett, Daniel J.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Briggs, G. Bruce] USN, Med Res Inst Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Epstein, Robert B.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Hanas, JS (reprint author), 940 Stanton Young Blvd,Lab 939, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM jay-hanas@ouhsc.edu RI Karsies, Todd/E-3347-2011 FU Department of Defense [DAAG55-97-R-BAA3, F49620-01-1-0452] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense grants DAAG55-97-R-BAA3 and F49620-01-1-0452 to J.S.H. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.3109/15376511003681009 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 601NA UT WOS:000278065500006 PM 20233090 ER PT J AU Fonseca, V Avizinis, J Moon-Massat, P Freilich, D Kim, HW Hai, CM AF Fonseca, Vera Avizinis, Jessica Moon-Massat, Paula Freilich, Daniel Kim, Hae Won Hai, Chi-Ming TI Differential sensitivities of pulmonary and coronary arteries to hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and nitrovasodilators: Study in a bovine ex vivo model of vascular strips SO VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blood; HBOC; Coronary vasoconstriction/spasm; Substitute; Pulmonary; Hypertension; Nitroglycerin ID AIRWAY SMOOTH-MUSCLE; CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; NITRIC-OXIDE; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; RELAXING FACTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INTRAPULMONARY ARTERY; CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTOR; CYCLIC-GMP; THERAPEUTICS AB Vasoconstriction is a major adverse effect of first and second generation hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) that hinders their development as blood substitute. However, intravenous infusion of HBOC-201 (second generation) to patients induces significant pulmonary hypertension without significant coronary vasoconstriction. We compared contractile responses of isolated bovine pulmonary and coronary arterial strips to HBOC-201 and HBOC-205LL.LT.MW600 (third generation), polymerized bovine hemoglobins of different molecular weight, and their attenuation by nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and sodium nitrite. Pulmonary arteries developed negligible basal tone, but exhibited HBOC-dependent amplification of phenylephrine-induced contractions. In contrast, coronary arteries developed significant basal tone, and exhibited HBOC-dependent constant force increment to serotonin-induced contractions. Therefore, relative to basal tone, HBOC-induced contractions were greater in pulmonary than coronary arteries. Furthermore, HBOC-205LL.LT.MW600 appeared to be less vasoactive than HBOC-201. Unexpectedly, pulmonary and coronary arteries exhibited differential sensitivities to nitrovasodilators in parallel with their differential sensitivities to HBOC. However, SNP and sodium nitrite induced significant methemoglobin formation from HBOC, whereas nitroglycerin did not. These results suggest that phenotypic differences between pulmonary and coronary vascular smooth muscle cells could explain the differential hypertensive effects of HBOC on pulmonary and coronary circulation in patients. Among the three nitrovasodilators investigated, nitroglycerin appears to be the most promising candidate for attenuating HBOC-induced pulmonary hypertension in older HBOCs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fonseca, Vera; Avizinis, Jessica; Kim, Hae Won; Hai, Chi-Ming] Brown Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol Physiol & Biotechnol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, Neurotrauma Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula; Freilich, Daniel] Henry Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hai, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol Physiol & Biotechnol, Box G-B3, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Chi-Ming_Hai@brown.edu FU National Heart Lung Blood Institute [HL-52714]; [604771N.9737.001.A0315] FX This study was supported by work unit# 604771N.9737.001.A0315; and the National Heart Lung Blood Institute (Grant HL-52714 to C.M.H). We thank Biopure Corporation (Cambridge, MA) for providing the HBOCs for this study. We thank Dr. Rakesh P. Patel for providing the computer program for analyzing the absorbance spectra of HBOC solutions by spectral deconvolution. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. CAPT. Freilich is a military service member (or employee of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of his official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1537-1891 J9 VASC PHARMACOL JI Vasc. Pharmacol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 52 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.vph.2009.12.005 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 593IM UT WOS:000277447100008 PM 20026426 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Yarina, T Miller, MK Stromdahl, EY Richards, AL AF Jiang, Ju Yarina, Tamasin Miller, Melissa K. Stromdahl, Ellen Y. Richards, Allen L. TI Molecular Detection of Rickettsia amblyommii in Amblyomma americanum Parasitizing Humans SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Lone star ticks; Real-time PCR; Rickettsia amblyommii ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; TICK-BITE FEVER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LONE STAR TICK; UNITED-STATES; BORNE INFECTIONS; LYME-DISEASE; SOUTH-AFRICA; NEW-YORK; IXODIDAE AB A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify a portion of the outer membrane protein B gene (ompB) of Rickettsia amblyommii was employed to assess the threat of R. amblyommii exposure to humans parasitized by Amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick). A total of 72 pools of lone star ticks removed from humans were acquired from two collections and used in this study: 44 pools of A. americanum submitted to the Department of Defense Human Tick Test Kit Program in 2003 collected from 220 individuals from 14 states, and 28 pools of A. americanum representing 120 ticks obtained from boy scouts and adult leaders at the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree held at Fort A. P. Hill, Virginia, in 2005. Of the 72 lone star tick pools representing 340 lone star ticks, 58 pools (80.5%) were positive for R. amblyommii. In addition, individual A. americanum ticks parasitizing humans collected as part of the Department of Defense Human Tick Test Kit Program in 2002 and 2003 from 17 states were evaluated. It was found that 244 of 367 (66.5%) individual A. americanum ticks tested positive for the presence of R. amblyommii DNA. These results clearly show that lone star ticks parasitizing humans are highly infected with R. amblyommii, which may potentiate rickettsial infection of and possibly disease in humans. C1 [Jiang, Ju; Yarina, Tamasin; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Melissa K.] US Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med N, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. [Stromdahl, Ellen Y.] US Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Richards, Allen L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM allen.richards@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU DoD [847705.82000.25GB.A0074] FX We greatly appreciate the efforts of Chen (Shirley) Chen, Michael J. Fryauff, and Lauren M. Klee during their participation in this project. This work was supported by the DoD GEIS program work unit # 847705.82000.25GB.A0074. We appreciate the Boy Scouts of America for providing the 2005 Boy Scout National Jamboree ticks evaluated in this study. NR 73 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0061 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 592EI UT WOS:000277358700002 PM 19877809 ER PT J AU Arnold, J Janoska, M Kajon, AE Metzgar, D Hudson, NR Torres, S Harrach, B Seto, D Chodosh, J Jones, MS AF Arnold, John Janoska, Mate Kajon, Adriana E. Metzgar, David Hudson, Nolan Ryan Torres, Sarah Harrach, Balazs Seto, Donald Chodosh, James Jones, Morris S. TI Genomic characterization of human adenovirus 36, a putative obesity agent SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Human adenovirus; Bioinformatics; Genomics ID EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; PROTEIN; INTERNALIZATION; ADIPOSITY; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; OVERWEIGHT; CHICKEN; BINDING; WEIGHT AB Increased levels of serum antibody titers against human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-D36) are associated with human obesity and experimental obesity in laboratory animals. While HAdV-D36 has been studied as an infectious agent implicated in obesity for over a decade, the complete genome sequence and its analysis have yet to be reported. A detailed analysis of the genome sequence of HAdV-D36 may be important to understand its role in obesity. Genomic and bioinformatic comparisons with other HAdVs identified differences that suggested unique functions. Global pairwise genome alignment with all sequenced human adenovirus D (HAdV-D) genomes revealed areas of nonconserved sequences in the hexon, E3 CR1 beta, E3 CR1 gamma, and fiber genes. Phylogenetic analysis of all HAdV-D36 proteins confirmed that this virus belongs to species Human adenovirus D. This genomic analysis of HAdV-D36 provides an important tool for comprehending the role that this unique adenovirus may play in human obesity. Low amino acid sequence identity in the E3 CR1 beta and CR1 gamma genes may suggest distinctive roles for these proteins. Furthermore, the predicted molecular models of the HAdV-D36 fiber protein seem to implicate a unique tissue tropism for HAdV-D36. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jones, Morris S.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis, CA USA. [Arnold, John] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Janoska, Mate; Harrach, Balazs] Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary. [Kajon, Adriana E.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hudson, Nolan Ryan; Torres, Sarah; Seto, Donald] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA USA. [Chodosh, James] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Howe Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis, CA USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com RI Harrach, Balazs/A-3680-2008; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 OI Harrach, Balazs/0000-0002-1410-6469; FU Hungarian Research Fund [K72484]; U.S. Public Health Service NIH [EY013124, P30EY013104]; Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund, Inc.; Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc FX BH was supported by Hungarian Research Fund grant K72484. JC was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service NIH grants EY013124 and P30EY013104, Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund, Inc., and an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 149 IS 2 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.01.011 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 587BU UT WOS:000276962700003 PM 20109503 ER PT J AU Dorner, RW Hardy, DR Williams, FW Willauer, HD AF Dorner, Robert W. Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. Willauer, Heather D. TI Effects of ceria-doping on a CO2 hydrogenation iron-manganese catalyst SO CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Iron catalyst; CO2 hydrogenation; Deactivation; Ceria; gamma-Alumina; Manganese ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE HYDROGENATION AB Hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons is investigated over ceria-doped iron-based catalysts. While the addition of low levels of Ce leads to a marginal improvement in the catalyst's CO2 hydrogenation ability, a decrease is observed when doping levels are raised to 10 wt.%. Even though the overall CO2 conversion is only marginally, lower than with the undoped catalyst, the product distribution is shifted away from C-2-O5+ HC and towards CO. It was found that the addition of Ce leads to ceria particles being formed upon iron and thus most likely leading to a reduction in available chain-growth active sites on the iron. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Survivabil Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory through the Naval Research Laboratory; National Research Council at the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. The research was performed while RWD held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors acknowledge the valuable input from Dr. Dmitri Y. Petrovykh. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7367 EI 1873-3905 J9 CATAL COMMUN JI Catal. Commun. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 9 BP 816 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.catcom.2010.02.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 604DZ UT WOS:000278258800004 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Ting, A Helle, MH Kaganovich, D Hafizi, B AF Gordon, D. F. Ting, A. Helle, M. H. Kaganovich, D. Hafizi, B. TI Electro-optic shocks from blowout laser wakefields SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; ACCELERATION; WAVES; BEAMS; RAMAN; CHANNEL; REGIME AB Laser wakefield accelerators operating in the blowout regime exhibit unique forward scattering characteristics. When a cavitation region is formed, the drive pulse excites currents in the electron sheath that lead to conical emission of harmonic radiation in the near-forward direction. Theoretical expressions for the spectral-angular distribution in the far field are derived. These expressions allow for arbitrary temporal profiles of both the laser pulse and the sheath density. The characteristics of the emission can be related to key characteristics of the accelerating structure. The theoretical results are compared with the results of the experiment. C1 [Gordon, D. F.; Ting, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Helle, M. H.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kaganovich, D.; Hafizi, B.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 045026 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/4/045026 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 592DK UT WOS:000277355400024 ER PT J AU Burke, AM Akis, R Day, TE Speyer, G Ferry, DK Bennett, BR AF Burke, A. M. Akis, R. Day, T. E. Speyer, Gil Ferry, D. K. Bennett, B. R. TI Periodic Scarred States in Open Quantum Dots as Evidence of Quantum Darwinism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SITUATION; FLUCTUATIONS; MECHANICS AB Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is used to image scar structures in an open quantum dot, which is created in an InAs quantum well by electron-beam lithography and wet etching. The scanned images demonstrate periodicities in magnetic field that correlate to those found in the conductance fluctuations. Simulations have shown that these magnetic transform images bear a strong resemblance to actual scars found in the dot that replicate through the modes in direct agreement with quantum Darwinism. C1 [Burke, A. M.; Akis, R.; Day, T. E.; Ferry, D. K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Burke, A. M.; Akis, R.; Day, T. E.; Ferry, D. K.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Speyer, Gil] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, High Performance Comp Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bennett, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burke, AM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Akis, Richard/0000-0002-4366-1891 FU Office of Naval Research; Arizona State University's GPSA Graduate Research Support Program FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and a grant from Arizona State University's GPSA Graduate Research Support Program. The authors would like to extend special thanks to G. M. Jones and J.B. Boos for technical discussions regarding material processing, N. Aoki for discussions related to SGM measurements, as well as C. Tracy, L. Cooper, S. M. Goodnick, and R. Brunner for helpful discussions. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 17 AR 176801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.176801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 590FR UT WOS:000277210600032 PM 20482124 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Kuklja, Maija M. TI Ab Initio Equation of State of the Organic Molecular Crystal: beta-Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BETA-HMX; 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHYLENE AB We apply a simple strategy for calculating from first principles a thermodynamically complete equation of state for molecular crystals using readily available quantum chemistry techniques. The strategy involves a combination of separate methods for the temperature-independent mechanical compression and the thermal vibrational contributions to the free energy. A first principles equation of state for beta-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (beta-HMX) has been calculated for temperatures between 0 and 400 K and for specific volumes from 0.42 to 0.55 cm(3)/g, corresponding to relative volumes from 0.8 to 1.03. The calculated 300 K isotherm agrees very well with the experimentally measured pressure volume relation. We also discuss thermodynamic properties of the material such as the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, the Grtineisen parameter, and the specific heat (1.0 kJ/kg/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure). The developed computational approach exhibits a reliable predictive power and is easily transferable to other molecular materials. C1 [Kuklja, Maija M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zerilli, Frank J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Kuklja, MM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mkukla@nsf.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 29 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 16 BP 5372 EP 5376 DI 10.1021/jp911767q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 586FM UT WOS:000276888800018 PM 20364852 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HN Elam, MB Lovato, LC Crouse, JR Leiter, LA Linz, P Friedewald, WT Buse, JB Gerstein, HC Probstfield, J Grimm, RH Ismail-Beigi, F Bigger, JT Goff, DC Cushman, WC Simons-Morton, DG Byington, RP AF Ginsberg, Henry N. Elam, Marshall B. Lovato, Laura C. Crouse, John R., III Leiter, Lawrence A. Linz, Peter Friedewald, William T. Buse, John B. Gerstein, Hertzel C. Probstfield, Jeffrey Grimm, Richard H. Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz Bigger, J. Thomas Goff, David C., Jr. Cushman, William C. Simons-Morton, Denise G. Byington, Robert P. CA ACCORD Study Grp TI Effects of Combination Lipid Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT PANEL-III; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ARTERY-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; INTERVENTION TRIAL; LDL CHOLESTEROL AB BACKGROUND We investigated whether combination therapy with a statin plus a fibrate, as compared with statin monotherapy, would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 5518 patients with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with open-label simvastatin to receive either masked fenofibrate or placebo. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years. RESULTS The annual rate of the primary outcome was 2.2% in the fenofibrate group and 2.4% in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the fenofibrate group, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.08; P = 0.32). There were also no significant differences between the two study groups with respect to any secondary outcome. Annual rates of death were 1.5% in the fenofibrate group and 1.6% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10; P = 0.33). Prespecified subgroup analyses suggested heterogeneity in treatment effect according to sex, with a benefit for men and possible harm for women (P = 0.01 for interaction), and a possible interaction according to lipid subgroup, with a possible benefit for patients with both a high baseline triglyceride level and a low baseline level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.057 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS The combination of fenofibrate and simvastatin did not reduce the rate of fatal cardiovascular events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, as compared with simvastatin alone. These results do not support the routine use of combination therapy with fenofibrate and simvastatin to reduce cardiovascular risk in the majority of high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.) C1 [Ginsberg, Henry N.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Elam, Marshall B.; Cushman, William C.] Memphis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. [Lovato, Laura C.; Goff, David C., Jr.; Byington, Robert P.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Crouse, John R., III] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Prevent Cardiol Program, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Leiter, Lawrence A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Linz, Peter] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Friedewald, William T.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. [Friedewald, William T.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. [Buse, John B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gerstein, Hertzel C.] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Gerstein, Hertzel C.] McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Probstfield, Jeffrey] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grimm, Richard H.] Berman Ctr Outcomes & Clin Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bigger, J. Thomas] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Div Cardiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Simons-Morton, Denise G.] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ginsberg, HN (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, Rm PH 10-305, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM hng1@columbia.edu RI Friedewald, William/C-8034-2011 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95178, N01-HC-95179, N01-HC-95180, N01-HC-95181, N01-HC-95182, N01-HC-95183, N01-HC-95184, IAAY1-HC-9035, IAAY1-HC-1010]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institute on Aging; National Eye Institute; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; General Clinical Research Centers; Merck; Merck Schering-Plough; Bristol-Myers Squibb; AstraZeneca; Abbott; Roche; Isis/Genzyme; GlaxoSmithKline; Novartis; Pfizer; Regeneron/Sanofi-Aventis; National Lipid Association; Solvay; Novo Nordisk; Amylin; Becton Dickinson; Eli Lilly; Hoffmann-La Roche; GlycoMark; Wyeth; Daiichi Sankyo; Bayhill Therapeutics; LipoScience; MannKind; Veritas; MicroIslet; Exsulin; GI Dynamics; Medtronic; Tolerex; Osiris; Halozyme; InterKrin; Sanofi-Aventis; Dexcom; Johnson Johnson; Fujisawa; Takeda; King; DaiichiSankyo; Gilead; Theravance; Pharmacopeia; Sciele FX Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (contracts N01-HC-95178, N01-HC-95179, N01-HC-95180, N01-HC-95181, N01-HC-95182, N01-HC-95183, N01-HC-95184, IAAY1-HC-9035, and IAAY1-HC-1010), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute on Aging, the National Eye Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and General Clinical Research Centers at many sites. The following companies provided study medications, equipment, or supplies: Abbott Laboratories, Amylin Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Bayer HealthCare, Closer Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Omron Healthcare, Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.; Dr. Ginsberg reports receiving consulting fees from Merck, Merck Schering-Plough, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Abbott, Roche, Isis/Genzyme, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, and Regeneron/Sanofi-Aventis and grant support from Merck, Isis/Genzyme, Roche, and AstraZeneca; Dr. Elam, receiving consulting fees from Pfizer, Abbott, and Merck Schering-Plough; Dr. Crouse, receiving consulting fees from the National Lipid Association, AstraZeneca, Merck, and Merck Schering-Plough and grant support from AstraZeneca; Dr. Leiter, receiving consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Merck, Pfizer, Roche, and Solvay and grant support from AstraZeneca, Merck, Pfizer, and Roche; Dr. Linz, having an equity interest in Pfizer, Novartis, and AstraZeneca; Dr. Buse, receiving consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Amylin, Becton Dickinson, Eli Lilly, Hoffmann-La Roche, GlycoMark, Wyeth, Daiichi Sankyo, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayhill Therapeutics, LipoScience, MannKind, Veritas, MicroIslet, GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott, Exsulin, and GI Dynamics and grant support from Amylin, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Tolerex, Osiris, Halozyme, Pfizer, Hoffmann-La Roche, InterKrin, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis, Dexcom, Johnson & Johnson, BristolMyers Squibb, and Fujisawa, having an equity interest in Insulet, and providing expert testimony for Novo Nordisk; Dr. Gerstein, receiving consulting fees from Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Medtronic, Merck, Bayer, Bioavail, and Janssen-Ortho, grant support from Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Pronova, and Roche, and lecture fees from Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, Solvay, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Takeda; Dr. Probstfield, receiving grant support from Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Abbott; Dr. Grimm, receiving consulting and lecture fees and grant support from Pfizer, Merck, and Novartis, consulting and lecture fees from Takeda, and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Forest Laboratories, and Schering-Plough; Dr. Bigger, receiving consulting fees from Merck and Roche; Dr. Goff, receiving consulting fees from Takeda and grant support from Merck; and Dr. Cushman, receiving consulting fees from Novartis, Takeda, Sanofi-Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, King, DaiichiSankyo, Gilead, Theravance, Pharmacopeia, and Sciele and grant support from Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. NR 29 TC 1013 Z9 1041 U1 6 U2 60 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 29 PY 2010 VL 362 IS 17 BP 1563 EP 1574 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa1001282 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 589AX UT WOS:000277117400005 ER PT J AU Szekielda, KH Marmorino, GO Bowles, JH Gillis, D AF Szekielda, Karl H. Marmorino, George O. Bowles, Jeffrey H. Gillis, David TI High spatial resolution spectrometry of rafting macroalgae (Sargassum) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Macroalgae; Sargassum; high spatial resolution; imaging spectroscopy ID OCEAN; ECOLOGY AB Data with 0.4-m spatial resolution acquired similar to 2 km off the southeast Florida coast using the airborne Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS) have been analyzed with the objective of identifying drifting surface macroalgae (Sargassum) through its spectral signature in at-sensor radiance. The observed spectral features of Sargassum include a peak at a wavelength of similar to 0.570 mu m and a photosynthetic 'red edge' between 0.673 and 0.699 mu m. Sargassum also exhibits high radiance in the reflected near-infrared but is impacted by the atmospheric absorption bands of water vapor at 0.720 mu m and oxygen at 0.756 mu m. The spectral signature is clearest and largest in amplitude where the Sargassum occurs as small surface aggregations, or rafts, which tend to lie at the downwind ends of narrow Sargassum windrows. The quantity of floating Sargassum was estimated within a single pixel by linearly mixing a spectrum of Sargassum-free water with varying percentages of a spectrum from a pixel assumed completely filled with floating plants. For our study site about 2.3% of the ocean area is classified as having some Sargassum coverage, with pixels completely filled with Sargassum being rare (only 0.2% of the classified Sargassum pixels) and pixels with the least-resolvable amount of Sargassum (similar to 10% filled) being the most common. C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Bowles, Jeffrey H.; Gillis, David] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM szekielda@aol.com; Jeffrey.Bowles@nrl.navy.mil; David.Gillis@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043529 DI 10.1117/1.3431044 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 602KI UT WOS:000278137700002 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Chen, Y Yang, A Yoon, S Chen, Z Geiler, AL Gao, J Chinnasamy, CN Lewis, LH Vittoria, C Carpenter, EE Carroll, KJ Goswami, R Willard, MA Kurihara, L Gjoka, M Kalogirou, O AF Harris, V. G. Chen, Y. Yang, A. Yoon, S. Chen, Z. Geiler, A. L. Gao, J. Chinnasamy, C. N. Lewis, L. H. Vittoria, C. Carpenter, E. E. Carroll, K. J. Goswami, R. Willard, M. A. Kurihara, L. Gjoka, M. Kalogirou, O. TI High coercivity cobalt carbide nanoparticles processed via polyol reaction: a new permanent magnet material SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB Cobalt carbide nanoparticles were processed using polyol reduction chemistry that offers high product yields in a cost effective single-step process. Particles are shown to be acicular in morphology and typically assembled as clusters with room temperature coercivities greater than 3.4 kOe and maximum energy products greater than 20 kJ m(-3). Consisting of Co(3)C and Co(2)C phases, the ratio of phase volume, particle size and particle morphology all play important roles in determining permanent magnet properties. Further, the acicular particle shape provides an enhancement to the coercivity via dipolar anisotropy energy as well as offering potential for particle alignment in nanocomposite cores. While Curie temperatures are near 510K at temperatures approaching 700K the carbide powders experience an irreversible dissociation to metallic cobalt and carbon thus limiting operational temperatures to near room temperature. These findings warrant more extensive investigation of this and other magnetic carbide systems in which particle size, chemistry and morphology are optimized. C1 [Harris, V. G.; Chen, Y.; Yang, A.; Yoon, S.; Chen, Z.; Geiler, A. L.; Gao, J.; Vittoria, C.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Harris, V. G.; Vittoria, C.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lewis, L. H.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carpenter, E. E.; Carroll, K. J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Goswami, R.] SAIC, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Willard, M. A.; Kurihara, L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gjoka, M.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Mat Sci, Athens, Greece. [Kalogirou, O.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Chinnasamy, C. N.] Electron Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM harris@ece.neu.edu RI Kalogirou, Orestis/C-2617-2008; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Carroll, Kyler/F-3932-2011 OI Kalogirou, Orestis/0000-0002-4078-8168; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Carroll, Kyler/0000-0002-6259-7290 FU Office of Naval Research [N000140910590] FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research under contract N000140910590. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 16 AR 165003 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/16/165003 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 583TR UT WOS:000276703300004 ER PT J AU Touse, M Sinibaldi, J Simsek, K Catterlin, J Harrison, S Karunasiri, G AF Touse, Michael Sinibaldi, Jose Simsek, Kursad Catterlin, Jeffrey Harrison, Stephen Karunasiri, Gamani TI Fabrication of a microelectromechanical directional sound sensor with electronic readout using comb fingers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acoustic devices; micromechanical devices; sensors ID FLY ORMIA-OCHRACEA; EARS AB By emulating the hearing organ of the Ormia ochracea fly, a microelectromechanical sound sensor was fabricated which is able to determine the direction of incident sound despite an overall size much smaller than the wavelength of interest. The sensor consists of two wings that are coupled in the middle and attached to the surrounding substrate by two legs. The design incorporated interdigitated comb fingers on the wings and the substrate which enables electrostatic (capacitive) readout. Measured electrical response showed a strong dependence on the direction of incident sound. C1 [Touse, Michael; Sinibaldi, Jose; Simsek, Kursad; Catterlin, Jeffrey; Harrison, Stephen; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Touse, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mptouse@nps.edu; karunasiri@nps.edu OI Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590 FU NSF [IIS 0610185] FX We wish to thank John Dunec and Linus Andersson of COMSOL, Inc. and Steve Baker at the Naval Postgraduate School for their support during our Finite Element Modeling and Eric Lawrence from Polytec, Inc. for help in laser vibrometry. This research is funded through NSF Grant No. IIS 0610185. We would also like to thank Byungki Kim of UMass Lowell for his contribution to the initial phase of this work. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 17 AR 173701 DI 10.1063/1.3418640 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 590QL UT WOS:000277242000049 ER PT J AU Baraket, M Mercs, D Zhang, ZG Coddet, C AF Baraket, M. Mercs, D. Zhang, Z. G. Coddet, C. TI Mechanical and tribological properties of CrN/Ag and CrSiN/Ag nanoscale multilayers SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CrSiN; CrN; Ag; Multilayers; Tribological properties; Mechanical properties; Solid lubricant ID WEAR PROPERTIES; HARD COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOCOMPOSITE; STRESS AB This paper presents a concept of combining hard CrN (or CrSiN) and soft Ag lubricating materials in a nanoscale multilayer structure. The CrN/Ag and CrSiN/Ag multilayers are synthesized by reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering techniques. The thickness of the Ag nanolayer in the multilayers is fixed to 4 nm while that of CrN and CrSiN nanolayers vary from 4 to 20 nm. The nitride layer effects on the mechanical and tribological properties of the multilayers have been investigated. Different mechanisms of the adhesion failure have been observed on the multilayer surfaces, depending on the nitride nanolayer types and their thicknesses. The CrSiN/Ag films exhibit poor adhesion whereas CrN/Ag multilayers demonstrate very good adhesion to AISI M2 steel substrates. The study of friction behaviors of the CrN/Ag multilayers against 100Cr6 steel balls reveals that the multilayers have low friction coefficients in comparison with that of a CrN single layer. The decrease of friction coefficients is related to the presence of the solid lubricant (Ag) nanolayer in the coatings. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baraket, M.; Mercs, D.; Zhang, Z. G.; Coddet, C.] UTBM, LERMPS, F-90010 Belfort, France. RP Baraket, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mira.baraket.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU "Communaute d'Agglomeration du Pays de Montbeliard" (CAPM) FX The authors are grateful to Dr. V. Brien from the University of Henri Poincare (France) for the TEM characterizations and for C. Oliveira from the University of Coimbra (Protugal) for the Nanohardness measurments. M. Baraket thanks Dr. S.G. Walton for his help in preparing this paper. This work was supported by the "Communaute d'Agglomeration du Pays de Montbeliard" (CAPM) which is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD APR 25 PY 2010 VL 204 IS 15 BP 2386 EP 2391 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 578MI UT WOS:000276297300010 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Roediger, M Eberly, LE Vyas, K Landrum, ML Ganesan, A Weintrob, AC Barthel, RV Agan, BK AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Roediger, Mollie Eberly, Lynn E. Vyas, Kurt Landrum, Mike L. Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy C. Barthel, Robert Vincent Agan, Brian K. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program HI TI Obesity among HIV-infected persons: impact of weight on CD4 cell count SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BODY-MASS INDEX; DISEASE PROGRESSION; SURVIVAL; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; AIDS; PREDICTOR; COHORT; ALPHA AB To assess the effect of obesity on CD4 cell counts, we estimated the association of time-updated BMI categories with CD4 changes among 1001 documented HIV seroconverters. During the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, a higher BMI was associated with less reduction in CD4 cell counts over time. However during the HAART era, obese versus normal weight patients had smaller increases in CD4 cell counts (+69 versus +116 cells, P=0.01). Lower CD4 cell counts may now be another adverse consequence of obesity. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Roediger, Mollie; Eberly, Lynn E.; Vyas, Kurt; Landrum, Mike L.; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy C.; Barthel, Robert Vincent; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Vyas, Kurt] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA USA. [Roediger, Mollie; Eberly, Lynn E.] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Landrum, Mike L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, Robert Vincent] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669; Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) [IDCRP-RV168F]; Department of Defense (DoD); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072]; N.F.C.C.; B.K.A FX The present study (IDCRP-RV168F) was supported by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072.; Obtaining funding from N.F.C.C. and B.K.A. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 24 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1069 EP 1072 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328337fe01 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 582AN UT WOS:000276567500021 PM 20216300 ER PT J AU Signell, RP Chiggiato, J Horstmann, J Doyle, JD Pullen, J Askari, F AF Signell, Richard P. Chiggiato, Jacopo Horstmann, Jochen Doyle, James D. Pullen, Julie Askari, Farid TI High-resolution mapping of Bora winds in the northern Adriatic Sea using synthetic aperture radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SAR IMAGES; OCEAN SURFACE; C-BAND; POLARIZATION; BACKSCATTER; SIMULATION; RETRIEVAL; DIRECTION; LAYER; SPEED AB The Adriatic Sea is regularly subjected to strong Bora wind events from the northeast during winter. The events have a strong effect on the oceanography in the Adriatic, driving basin-scale gyres that determine the transport of biogeochemical material and extracting large amounts of heat. The Bora is known to have multiple surface wind jets linked to the surrounding orography and have been the focus of many studies, but it has not been possible to describe the detailed spatial structure of these jets by in situ observations. Using high-resolution spaceborne RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images collected during an active Bora period (23 January-16 February 2003), we created a series of high-resolution (300 m) maps of the wind field. The obtained winds show reasonable agreement with several in situ wind observations, with an RMS wind speed error of 3.6 m/s, slightly higher than the 2-3 m/s errors reported in previous studies. These SAR images reveal the spatial structure of the Bora wind in unprecedented detail, showing several new features. In the Senj region of Croatia, several images show rhythmic structure with wavelengths of 2-3 km that may reflect Bora pulsation seen at fixed locations by previous investigators. Along the Italian coast, several images show a wide (20-30 km) band of northwesterly winds that abruptly change to the northeasterly Bora winds further offshore. Meteorological model results suggest that these northwesterly winds are consistent with those of a barrier jet forming along the Italian Apennine mountain chain. C1 [Signell, Richard P.] USGS Woods Hole Coastal, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signell, Richard P.] Ctr Marine Sci, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chiggiato, Jacopo; Askari, Farid] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. [Doyle, James D.; Pullen, Julie] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv Idrometeorol, Bologna, Italy. [Horstmann, Jochen] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany. RP Signell, RP (reprint author), USGS Woods Hole Coastal, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rsignell@usgs.gov OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C04020 DI 10.1029/2009JC005524 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 587ZK UT WOS:000277035300001 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Lehmberg, RH Rodriguez, SP Thomason, JF Groves, KM McCarrick, MJ Frazer, GJ AF Bernhardt, P. A. Selcher, C. A. Lehmberg, R. H. Rodriguez, S. P. Thomason, J. F. Groves, K. M. McCarrick, M. J. Frazer, G. J. TI Stimulated Brillouin Scatter in a Magnetized Ionospheric Plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE AB High power electromagnetic waves transmitted from the HAARP facility in Alaska can excite low-frequency electrostatic waves by magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter. Either an ion-acoustic wave with a frequency less than the ion cyclotron frequency (f(CI)) or an electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) wave just above f(CI) can be produced. The coupled equations describing the magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter instability show that the production of both ion-acoustic and EIC waves is strongly influenced by the wave propagation relative to the background magnetic field. Experimental observations of stimulated electromagnetic emissions using the HAARP transmitter have confirmed that only ion-acoustic waves are excited for propagation along the magnetic zenith and that EIC waves can only be detected with oblique propagation angles. The ion composition can be obtained from the measured EIC frequency. C1 [Bernhardt, P. A.; Selcher, C. A.; Lehmberg, R. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rodriguez, S. P.; Thomason, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] BAE Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Frazer, G. J.] DSTO, ISR Div, Edinburgh, SA, Australia. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The experiments at the HAARP facility were funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 16 AR 165004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.165004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 587QO UT WOS:000277007700031 PM 20482059 ER PT J AU Kim, ED Truex, K Xu, XD Sun, B Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Kim, Erik D. Truex, Katherine Xu, Xiaodong Sun, Bo Steel, D. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Sham, L. J. TI Fast Spin Rotations by Optically Controlled Geometric Phases in a Charge-Tunable InAs Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; HOLE SPIN; SEMICONDUCTOR; COMPUTATION; MANIPULATION AB We demonstrate optical control of the geometric phase acquired by one of the spin states of an electron confined in a charge-tunable InAs quantum dot via cyclic 2 pi excitations of an optical transition in the dot. In the presence of a constant in-plane magnetic field, these optically induced geometric phases result in the effective rotation of the spin about the magnetic field axis and manifest as phase shifts in the spin quantum beat signal generated by two time-delayed circularly polarized optical pulses. The geometric phases generated in this manner more generally perform the role of a spin phase gate, proving potentially useful for quantum information applications. C1 [Kim, Erik D.; Truex, Katherine; Xu, Xiaodong; Sun, Bo; Steel, D. G.] Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kim, ED (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI Truex, Katherine/E-2973-2010; OI Truex, Katherine/0000-0001-8219-2672; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 FU ARO [W911NF-08-1-0487, W911NF-090-0406]; NSA/LPS; ONR; NSF [PHY0804114]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0457]; IARPA; DARPA FX This work was supported by ARO (W911NF-08-1-0487 and W911NF-090-0406), NSA/LPS, ONR, NSF (PHY0804114), AFOSR (FA9550-09-1-0457), IARPA, and DARPA. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 16 AR 167401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.167401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 587QO UT WOS:000277007700053 PM 20482081 ER PT J AU Hobbs, G Archibald, A Arzoumanian, Z Backer, D Bailes, M Bhat, NDR Burgay, M Burke-Spolaor, S Champion, D Cognard, I Coles, W Cordes, J Demorest, P Desvignes, G Ferdman, RD Finn, L Freire, P Gonzalez, M Hessels, J Hotan, A Janssen, G Jenet, F Jessner, A Jordan, C Kaspi, V Kramer, M Kondratiev, V Lazio, J Lazaridis, K Lee, KJ Levin, Y Lommen, A Lorimer, D Lynch, R Lyne, A Manchester, R McLaughlin, M Nice, D Oslowski, S Pilia, M Possenti, A Purver, M Ransom, S Reynolds, J Sanidas, S Sarkissian, J Sesana, A Shannon, R Siemens, X Stairs, I Stappers, B Stinebring, D Theureau, G van Haasteren, R van Straten, W WVerbiest, JP Yardley, DRB You, XP AF Hobbs, G. Archibald, A. Arzoumanian, Z. Backer, D. Bailes, M. Bhat, N. D. R. Burgay, M. Burke-Spolaor, S. Champion, D. Cognard, I. Coles, W. Cordes, J. Demorest, P. Desvignes, G. Ferdman, R. D. Finn, L. Freire, P. Gonzalez, M. Hessels, J. Hotan, A. Janssen, G. Jenet, F. Jessner, A. Jordan, C. Kaspi, V. Kramer, M. Kondratiev, V. Lazio, J. Lazaridis, K. Lee, K. J. Levin, Y. Lommen, A. Lorimer, D. Lynch, R. Lyne, A. Manchester, R. McLaughlin, M. Nice, D. Oslowski, S. Pilia, M. Possenti, A. Purver, M. Ransom, S. Reynolds, J. Sanidas, S. Sarkissian, J. Sesana, A. Shannon, R. Siemens, X. Stairs, I. Stappers, B. Stinebring, D. Theureau, G. van Haasteren, R. van Straten, W. WVerbiest, J. P. Yardley, D. R. B. You, X. P. TI The International Pulsar Timing Array project: using pulsars as a gravitational wave detector SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID BLACK-HOLE BINARY; 3C 66B; SYSTEMS; PACKAGE; TEMPO2; LIMITS; TESTS AB The International Pulsar Timing Array project combines observations of pulsars from both northern and southern hemisphere observatories with the main aim of detecting ultra-low frequency (similar to 10(-9)-10(-8) Hz) gravitational waves. Here we introduce the project, review the methods used to search for gravitational waves emitted from coalescing supermassive binary black-hole systems in the centres of merging galaxies and discuss the status of the project. C1 [Hobbs, G.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Champion, D.; Manchester, R.; Oslowski, S.; Reynolds, J.; Sarkissian, J.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Archibald, A.; Kaspi, V.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Arzoumanian, Z.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Backer, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Backer, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bailes, M.; Bhat, N. D. R.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Oslowski, S.; van Straten, W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Burgay, M.; Pilia, M.; Possenti, A.] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. [Champion, D.; Freire, P.; Jessner, A.; Kramer, M.; Lazaridis, K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Ferdman, R. D.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nanay, F-18330 Nancy, France. [Coles, W.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cordes, J.; Shannon, R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Demorest, P.; Ransom, S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Finn, L.; Sesana, A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Gravitat Wave Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hessels, J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hotan, A.] Curtin Univ, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA, Australia. [Janssen, G.; Jordan, C.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A.; Purver, M.; Sanidas, S.; Stappers, B.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jenet, F.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Kondratiev, V.; Lorimer, D.; McLaughlin, M.; WVerbiest, J. P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lazio, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, K. J.] Peking Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Levin, Y.; van Haasteren, R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lommen, A.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Lynch, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Nice, D.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Siemens, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Ctr Gravitat & Cosmol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Stinebring, D.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Yardley, D. R. B.] Univ Sydney, Dept Phys & Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [You, X. P.] SW Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China. RP Hobbs, G (reprint author), Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM george.hobbs@csiro.au RI Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Finn, Lee Samuel/A-3452-2009; Kondratiev, Vladislav/N-1105-2015; Sesana, Alberto/Q-9826-2016; OI Nice, David/0000-0002-6709-2566; Archibald, Anne/0000-0003-0638-3340; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Finn, Lee Samuel/0000-0002-3937-0688; Kondratiev, Vladislav/0000-0001-8864-7471; Sesana, Alberto/0000-0003-4961-1606; Champion, David/0000-0003-1361-7723; Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348; Burgay, Marta/0000-0002-8265-4344; van Straten, Willem/0000-0003-2519-7375; Oslowski, Stefan/0000-0003-0289-0732 NR 33 TC 201 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD APR 21 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 AR 084013 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/27/8/084013 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 654FQ UT WOS:000282154300014 ER PT J AU Gasier, HG Fluckey, JD Previs, SF AF Gasier, Heath G. Fluckey, James D. Previs, Stephen F. TI The application of (H2O)-H-2 to measure skeletal muscle protein synthesis SO NUTRITION & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; IN-VIVO; HEAVY-WATER; ACID-METABOLISM; STABLE-ISOTOPE; RATES; EXERCISE; TRACERS; PHENYLALANINE; ENRICHMENT AB Skeletal muscle protein synthesis has generally been determined by the precursor: product labeling approach using labeled amino acids (e. g., [C-13] leucine or [C-13]-, [N-15]-, or [H-2]phenylalanine) as the tracers. Although reliable for determining rates of protein synthesis, this methodological approach requires experiments to be conducted in a controlled environment, and as a result, has limited our understanding of muscle protein renewal under free-living conditions over extended periods of time (i.e., integrative/cumulative assessments). An alternative tracer, (H2O)-H-2, has been successfully used to measure rates of muscle protein synthesis in mice, rats, fish and humans. Moreover, perturbations such as feeding and exercise have been included in these measurements without exclusion of common environmental and biological factors. In this review, we discuss the principle behind using (H2O)-H-2 to measure muscle protein synthesis and highlight recent investigations that have examined the effects of feeding and exercise. The framework provided in this review should assist muscle biologists in designing experiments that advance our understanding of conditions in which anabolism is altered (e. g., exercise, feeding, growth, debilitating and metabolic pathologies). C1 [Gasier, Heath G.] USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. [Fluckey, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, College Stn, TX USA. [Previs, Stephen F.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Gasier, HG (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. EM heath.gasier@med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-7075 J9 NUTR METAB JI Nutr. Metab. PD APR 21 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 31 DI 10.1186/1743-7075-7-31 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 604YP UT WOS:000278314700001 PM 20409307 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Kim, DM DeGiorgi, AM Ugarte-Urra, I AF Warren, Harry P. Kim, David M. DeGiorgi, Amanda M. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio TI MODELING EVOLVING CORONAL LOOPS WITH OBSERVATIONS FROM STEREO, HINODE, AND TRACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; X-RAY TELESCOPE; FIELD LINE SHRINKAGE; POST-FLARE LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; 3 DIMENSIONS; EXPLORER; DENSITY AB The high densities, long lifetimes, and narrow emission measure distributions observed in coronal loops with apex temperatures near 1 MK are difficult to reconcile with physical models of the solar atmosphere. It has been proposed that the observed loops are actually composed of sub-resolution "threads" that have been heated impulsively and are cooling. We apply this heating scenario to nearly simultaneous observations of an evolving post-flare loop arcade observed with EUVI/STEREO, EIS/Hinode, XRT/Hinode, and TRACE. We find that it is possible to reproduce the extended loop lifetime, high electron density, and the narrow differential emission measure with a multi-thread hydrodynamic model provided that the timescale for the energy release is sufficiently short. The model, however, does not reproduce the evolution of the very high temperature emission observed with XRT. In XRT the emission appears diffuse and it may be that this discrepancy is simply due to the difficulty of isolating individual loops at these temperatures. This discrepancy may also reflect fundamental problems with our understanding of post-reconnection dynamics during the conductive cooling phase of loop evolution. C1 [Warren, Harry P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, David M.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. [DeGiorgi, Amanda M.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP 1095 EP 1107 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/713/2/1095 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 578XF UT WOS:000276329400032 ER PT J AU Batalha, NM Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Bryson, ST Haas, MR Brown, TM Caldwell, DA Hall, JR Gilliland, RL Latham, DW Meibom, S Monet, DG AF Batalha, Natalie M. Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Bryson, Stephen T. Haas, Michael. R. Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Hall, Jennifer R. Gilliland, Ronald L. Latham, David W. Meibom, Soren Monet, David G. TI SELECTION, PRIORITIZATION, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF KEPLER TARGET STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: statistics ID CATALOG; FIELD; AGES; VIEW AB The Kepler Mission began its 3.5 year photometric monitoring campaign in 2009 May on a select group of approximately 150,000 stars. The stars were chosen from the similar to half million in the field of view that are brighter than 16th magnitude. The selection criteria are quantitative metrics designed to optimize the scientific yield of the mission with regard to the detection of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone. This yields more than 90,000 G-type stars on or close to the main sequence, >20,000 of which are brighter than 14th magnitude. At the temperature extremes, the sample includes approximately 3000 M-type dwarfs and a small sample of O- and B-type MS stars (< 200). The small numbers of giants are included in the sample: similar to 5000 stars with surface gravities log(g) < 3.5. We present a brief summary of the selection process and the stellar populations it yields in terms of surface gravity, effective temperature, and apparent magnitude. In addition to the primary, statistically derived target set, several ancillary target lists were manually generated to enhance the science of the mission, examples being: known eclipsing binaries, open cluster members, and high proper motion stars. C1 [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Hall, Jennifer R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Telescope Network, Global Observ, Cumbres Observ, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas A.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Latham, David W.; Meibom, Soren] Harvard Smithsonian CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Batalha, NM (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM Natalie.Batalha@sjsu.edu RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NR 20 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 9 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L109 EP L114 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L109 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900006 ER PT J AU Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Brown, TM Basri, G Batalha, NM Caldwell, DA Cochran, WD Dunham, EW Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, RL Howell, SB Jenkins, JM Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Monet, D Rowe, JF Sasselov, D AF Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Brown, Timothy M. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Cochran, William D. Dunham, Edward W. Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald L. Howell, Steve B. Jenkins, Jon M. Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Monet, David Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar TI KEPLER-4b: A HOT NEPTUNE-LIKE PLANET OF A G0 STAR NEAR MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFF SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (Kepler-4, KIC 11853905, 2MASS 19022767+5008087) ID TRANSIT LIGHT-CURVE; SUPER-EARTH; STELLAR; PARAMETERS; RADII; EXOPLANETS; EVOLUTION; PROJECT; TRES-1; MODELS AB Early time-series photometry from NASA's Kepler spacecraft has revealed a planet transiting the star we term Kepler-4, at R.A. = 19(h)02(m)27.(s)68, delta = +50 degrees 08'08 '' 7. The planet has an orbital period of 3.213 days and shows transits with a relative depth of 0.87 x 10(-3) and a duration of about 3.95 hr. Radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Keck High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer show a reflex Doppler signal of 9.3(-1.9)(+1.1) m s(-1), consistent with a low-eccentricity orbit with the phase expected from the transits. Various tests show no evidence for any companion star near enough to affect the light curve or the RVs for this system. From a transit-based estimate of the host star's mean density, combined with analysis of high-resolution spectra, we infer that the host star is near turnoff from the main sequence, with estimated mass and radius of 1.223(-0.091)(+0.053) M(circle dot) and 1.487(-0.084)(+0.071) R(circle dot).We estimate the planet mass and radius to be {M(P), R(P)} = {24.5 +/- 3.8 M(circle plus), 3.99 +/- 0.21 R(circle plus)}. The planet's density is near 1.9 g cm(-3); it is thus slightly denser and more massive than Neptune, but about the same size. C1 [Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Basri, Gibor; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Cochran, William D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Geary, John C.; Latham, David W.; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Jenkins, Jon M.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Monet, David] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Borucki, WJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We are grateful first to the entire Kepler team, past and present. Their tireless efforts were all essential to the success of the mission. For special advice and assistance, we thank Lars Buchhave, David Ciardi, Megan Crane, Willie Torres, Mike Haas, and Riley Duran. NR 32 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L126 EP L130 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L126 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900009 ER PT J AU Dunham, EW Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Batalha, NM Buchhave, LA Brown, TM Caldwell, DA Cochran, WD Endl, M Fischer, D Furesz, G Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, RL Gould, A Howell, SB Jenkins, JM Kjeldsen, H Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Meibom, S Monet, DG Rowe, JF Sasselov, DD AF Dunham, Edward W. Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Batalha, Natalie M. Buchhave, Lars A. Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Cochran, William D. Endl, Michael Fischer, Debra Furesz, Gabor Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald L. Gould, Alan Howell, Steve B. Jenkins, Jon M. Kjeldsen, Hans Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Meibom, Soren Monet, David G. Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar D. TI KEPLER-6b: A TRANSITING HOT JUPITER ORBITING A METAL-RICH STAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (Kepler-6, KIC 10874614, 2MASS 19472094+4814238); techniques: spectroscopic ID PLANET AB We announce the discovery of Kepler-6b, a transiting hot Jupiter orbiting a star with unusually high metallicity, [Fe/H] = +0.34 +/- 0.04. The planet's mass is about 2/3 that of Jupiter, M(P) = 0.67 M(J), and the radius is 30% larger than that of Jupiter, R(P) = 1.32 R(J), resulting in a density of rho(P) = 0.35 g cm(-3), a fairly typical value for such a planet. The orbital period is P = 3.235 days. The host star is both more massive than the Sun, M(star) = 1.21 M(circle dot), and larger than the Sun, R(star) = 1.39 R(circle dot). C1 [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.; Furesz, Gabor; Geary, John C.; Latham, David W.; Meibom, Soren; Sasselov, Dimitar D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brown, Timothy M.] Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Rowe, Jason F.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Fischer, Debra] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gould, Alan] Lawrence Hall Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kjeldsen, Hans] Univ Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dunham, EW (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L136 EP L139 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L136 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900011 ER PT J AU Koch, DG Borucki, WJ Basri, G Batalha, NM Brown, TM Caldwell, D Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Cochran, WD DeVore, E Dunham, EW Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, RL Gould, A Jenkins, J Kondo, Y Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, G Monet, D Sasselov, D Boss, A Brownlee, D Caldwell, J Dupree, AK Howell, SB Kjeldsen, H Meibom, S Morrison, D Owen, T Reitsema, H Tarter, J Bryson, ST Dotson, JL Gazis, P Haas, MR Kolodziejczak, J Rowe, JF Van Cleve, JE Allen, C Chandrasekaran, H Clarke, BD Li, J Quintana, EV Tenenbaum, P Twicken, JD Wu, H AF Koch, David G. Borucki, William J. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie M. Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen Cochran, William D. DeVore, Edna Dunham, Edward W. Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald L. Gould, Alan Jenkins, Jon Kondo, Yoji Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey Monet, David Sasselov, Dimitar Boss, Alan Brownlee, Donald Caldwell, John Dupree, Andrea K. Howell, Steve B. Kjeldsen, Hans Meibom, Soren Morrison, David Owen, Tobias Reitsema, Harold Tarter, Jill Bryson, Stephen T. Dotson, Jessie L. Gazis, Paul Haas, Michael R. Kolodziejczak, Jeffrey Rowe, Jason F. Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. Allen, Christopher Chandrasekaran, Hema Clarke, Bruce D. Li, Jie Quintana, Elisa V. Tenenbaum, Peter Twicken, Joseph D. Wu, Hayley TI KEPLER MISSION DESIGN, REALIZED PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE, AND EARLY SCIENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: photometers; planetary systems; space vehicles: instruments; stars: statistics; stars: variables: general; techniques: photometric ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS; TRANSITING PLANET; TARGET STARS; CADENCE DATA; RED GIANT; 1ST; DISCOVERY; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; VARIABILITY AB The Kepler Mission, launched on 2009 March 6, was designed with the explicit capability to detect Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars using the transit photometry method. Results from just 43 days of data along with ground-based follow-up observations have identified five new transiting planets with measurements of their masses, radii, and orbital periods. Many aspects of stellar astrophysics also benefit from the unique, precise, extended, and nearly continuous data set for a large number and variety of stars. Early results for classical variables and eclipsing stars show great promise. To fully understand the methodology, processes, and eventually the results from the mission, we present the underlying rationale that ultimately led to the flight and ground system designs used to achieve the exquisite photometric performance. As an example of the initial photometric results, we present variability measurements that can be used to distinguish dwarf stars from red giants. C1 [Koch, David G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Basri, Gibor; Marcy, Geoffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas; DeVore, Edna; Jenkins, Jon; Tarter, Jill; Gazis, Paul; Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Chandrasekaran, Hema; Clarke, Bruce D.; Li, Jie; Quintana, Elisa V.; Tenenbaum, Peter; Twicken, Joseph D.; Wu, Hayley] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen; Kjeldsen, Hans] Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Cochran, William D.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Geary, John C.; Latham, David W.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Dupree, Andrea K.; Meibom, Soren] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kondo, Yoji] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Monet, David] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Boss, Alan] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Brownlee, Donald] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caldwell, John] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Owen, Tobias] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Reitsema, Harold] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Kolodziejczak, Jeffrey] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Allen, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Orbital Sci Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Koch, DG (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM D.Koch@NASA.gov RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014 OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616 NR 47 TC 495 Z9 497 U1 13 U2 65 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L79 EP L86 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L79 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900001 ER PT J AU Latham, DW Borucki, WJ Koch, DG Brown, TM Buchhave, LA Basri, G Batalha, NM Caldwell, DA Cochran, WD Dunham, EW Furesz, G Gautier, TN Geary, JC Gilliland, RL Howell, SB Jenkins, JM Lissauer, JJ Marcy, GW Monet, DG Rowe, JF Sasselov, DD AF Latham, David W. Borucki, William J. Koch, David G. Brown, Timothy M. Buchhave, Lars A. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie M. Caldwell, Douglas A. Cochran, William D. Dunham, Edward W. Furesz, Gabor Gautier, Thomas N., III Geary, John C. Gilliland, Ronald L. Howell, Steve B. Jenkins, Jon M. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Monet, David G. Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar D. TI KEPLER-7b: A TRANSITING PLANET WITH UNUSUALLY LOW DENSITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (Kepler-7, KIC 5780885, 2MASS 19141956+4105233); techniques: spectroscopic ID STELLAR AB We report on the discovery and confirmation of Kepler-7b, a transiting planet with unusually low density. The mass is less than half that of Jupiter, M(P) = 0.43 M(J), but the radius is 50% larger, R(P) = 1.48 R(J). The resulting density, rho(P) = 0.17 g cm(-3), is the second lowest reported so far for an extrasolar planet. The orbital period is fairly long, P = 4.886 days, and the host star is not much hotter than the Sun, T(eff) = 6000 K. However, it is more massive and considerably larger than the Sun, M(star) = 1.35 M(circle dot) and R(star) = 1.84R(circle dot), and must be near the end of its life on the main sequence. C1 [Latham, David W.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Furesz, Gabor; Geary, John C.; Sasselov, Dimitar D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Basri, Gibor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie M.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cochran, William D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dunham, Edward W.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Latham, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666 NR 10 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L140 EP L144 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L140 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900012 ER PT J AU Rowe, JF Borucki, WJ Koch, D Howell, SB Basri, G Batalha, N Brown, TM Caldwell, D Cochran, WD Dunham, E Dupree, AK Fortney, JJ Gautier, TN Gilliland, RL Jenkins, J Latham, DW Lissauer, JJ Marcy, G Monet, DG Sasselov, D Welsh, WF AF Rowe, Jason F. Borucki, William J. Koch, David Howell, Steve B. Basri, Gibor Batalha, Natalie Brown, Timothy M. Caldwell, Douglas Cochran, William D. Dunham, Edward Dupree, Andrea K. Fortney, Jonathan J. Gautier, Thomas N., III Gilliland, Ronald L. Jenkins, Jon Latham, David W. Lissauer, Jack J. Marcy, Geoff Monet, David G. Sasselov, Dimitar Welsh, William F. TI KEPLER OBSERVATIONS OF TRANSITING HOT COMPACT OBJECTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (KOI-74, KIC 6889235, KOI-81, KIC 8823868) ID WHITE-DWARF COMPANION; MASS-RADIUS RELATION; OSCILLATIONS; HELIUM; STARS AB Kepler photometry has revealed two unusual transiting companions: one orbiting an early A-star and the other orbiting a late B-star. In both cases, the occultation of the companion is deeper than the transit. The occultation and transit with follow-up optical spectroscopy reveal a 9400 K early A-star, KOI-74 (KIC 6889235), with a companion in a 5.2 day orbit with a radius of 0.08R(circle dot) and a 10,000 K late B-star KOI-81 (KIC 8823868) that has a companion in a 24 day orbit with a radius of 0.2R(circle dot). We infer a temperature of 12,250 K for KOI-74b and 13,500 K for KOI-81b. We present 43 days of high duty cycle, 30 minute cadence photometry, with models demonstrating the intriguing properties of these objects, and speculate on their nature. C1 [Rowe, Jason F.; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Lissauer, Jack J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howell, Steve B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Basri, Gibor; Marcy, Geoff] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Batalha, Natalie] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Brown, Timothy M.] Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Caldwell, Douglas; Jenkins, Jon] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Cochran, William D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dunham, Edward] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dupree, Andrea K.; Latham, David W.; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fortney, Jonathan J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gautier, Thomas N., III] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gilliland, Ronald L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Monet, David G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Welsh, William F.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Rowe, JF (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate FX Funding for this Discovery mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. We are indebted to the entire Kepler team for all the hard work and dedication that made such discoveries possible. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 2 BP L150 EP L154 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L150 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 587DZ UT WOS:000276970900014 ER PT J AU Blanton, EL Clarke, TE Sarazin, CL Randall, SW McNamara, BR AF Blanton, Elizabeth L. Clarke, T. E. Sarazin, Craig L. Randall, Scott W. McNamara, Brian R. TI Active galactic nucleus feedback in clusters of galaxies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE clusters of galaxies; active galactic nuclei; X-ray observations; Chandra X-ray Observatory ID DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; X-RAY CAVITIES; HYDRA-A CLUSTER; COOLING-FLOW; PERSEUS CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; CENTAURUS CLUSTER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RADIO BUBBLES AB Observations made during the last ten years with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shed much light on the cooling gas in the centers of clusters of galaxies and the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) heating. Cooling of the hot intracluster medium in cluster centers can feed the supermassive black holes found in the nuclei of the dominant cluster galaxies leading to AGN outbursts which can reheat the gas, suppressing cooling and large amounts of star formation. AGN heating can come in the form of shocks, buoyantly rising bubbles that have been inflated by radio lobes, and the dissipation of sound waves. C1 [Blanton, Elizabeth L.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Blanton, Elizabeth L.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Clarke, T. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Randall, Scott W.; McNamara, Brian R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNamara, Brian R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 2G1, Canada. Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, N Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. RP Blanton, EL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM eblanton@bu.edu RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014; OI Randall, Scott/0000-0002-3984-4337 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra [GO9-0147X, GO9-0035X] FX We are very grateful to our many collaborators. We thank the organizers for arranging a wonderful meeting highlighting the results from Chandra over the last 10 years. E. L. B. was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra award GO9-0147X. C. L. S. was supported in part by Chandra award GO9-0035X. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 16 BP 7174 EP 7178 DI 10.1073/pnas.0913904107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 586FU UT WOS:000276892300015 PM 20351250 ER PT J AU Daniil, M Osofsky, MS Gubser, DU Willard, MA AF Daniil, Maria Osofsky, Michael S. Gubser, Donald U. Willard, Matthew A. TI (Fe,Si,Al)-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys for cryogenic applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE; SENDUST SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DO3 ORDERED STRUCTURE; AL; TRANSFORMERS AB In this work Al and Si are substituted for Fe in a (Fe,Si,Al)-Nb-B-Cu alloy with the goal of improving its magnetic properties at 77 K. The x-ray diffraction patterns for a series of five alloys annealed at 823 K shows a Fe(3)(Si,Al) ordered phase with some residual amorphous phase. The lowest coercivity at room temperature was observed for the alloy with composition Fe(68)Si(15.5)Al(3.5)Nb(3)B(9)Cu(1). At cryogenic temperatures, the saturation magnetization of 99.3 A m(2)/kg, coercivity of 0.45 A/m, and resistivity of 122 mu Omega cm for the Fe(63)Si(17.5)Al(6)Nb(3)B(9)Cu(1) alloy, compare favorably to commercial alloys at 77 K. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3402775] C1 [Daniil, Maria; Osofsky, Michael S.; Gubser, Donald U.; Willard, Matthew A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Daniil, Maria] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Daniil, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410WX30037] FX M.A.W. and M.D. gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N0001410WX30037). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 19 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 16 AR 162504 DI 10.1063/1.3402775 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 587UY UT WOS:000277020600031 ER PT J AU Bruder, JT Stefaniak, ME Patterson, NB Chen, P Konovalova, S Limbach, K Campo, JJ Ettyreddy, D Li, S Dubovsky, F Richie, TL King, CR Long, CA Doolan, DL AF Bruder, Joseph T. Stefaniak, Maureen E. Patterson, Noelle B. Chen, Ping Konovalova, Svetlana Limbach, Keith Campo, Joseph J. Ettyreddy, Damodar Li, Sheng Dubovsky, Filip Richie, Thomas L. King, C. Richter Long, Carole A. Doolan, Denise L. TI Adenovectors induce functional antibodies capable of potent inhibition of blood stage malaria parasite growth SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Adenovirus vaccines; Adenovector; Blood stage; Functional antibodies; Growth inhibition assay (GIA) ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PROTECTS AOTUS MONKEYS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; VACCINE CANDIDATE; HIV-1 VACCINE; CELL-LINE; IN-VITRO AB An effective malaria vaccine remains a global health priority. Recombinant adenoviruses are a promising vaccine platform, and Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1-42 (MSP1(42)) are leading blood stage vaccine candidates. We evaluated the importance of surface antigen localization and glycosylation on the immunogenicity of adenovector delivered AMA1 and MSP1(42) and assessed the ability of these vaccines to induce functional antibody responses capable of inhibiting parasite growth in vitro. Adenovector delivery induced unprecedented levels of biologically active antibodies in rabbits as indicated by the parasite growth inhibition assay. These responses were as potent as published results using any other vaccine system, including recombinant protein in adjuvant. The cell surface associated and glycosylated forms of AMA1 and MSP1(42) elicited 99% and 60% inhibition of parasite growth, respectively. Antigens that were expressed at the cell surface and glycosylated were much better than intracellular antigens at inducing antibody responses. Good T cell responses were observed for all forms of AMA1 and MSP1(42). Antigen-specific antibody responses, but typically not T cell responses, were boosted by a second administration of adenovector. These data highlight the importance of rational vaccine design and support the advancement of adenovector delivery technology for a malaria vaccine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bruder, Joseph T.; Chen, Ping; Konovalova, Svetlana; Ettyreddy, Damodar; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Stefaniak, Maureen E.; Patterson, Noelle B.; Limbach, Keith; Campo, Joseph J.; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Li, Sheng; Dubovsky, Filip] Malaria Vaccine Initiat, PATH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Long, Carole A.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Doolan, Denise L.] PO Royal Melbourne Hosp, Queensland Inst Med Res, Bancroft Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. RP Bruder, JT (reprint author), GenVec Inc, 65 W Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jbruder@genvec.com RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU GenVec Inc.; NMRC; U.S. Army Medical Research & Material Command; PATH/Malaria Vaccine Initiative; Pfizer Australia FX This work was supported by funds awarded to GenVec Inc. and NMRC by PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, and by funds allocated to NMRC by the U.S. Army Medical Research & Material Command (work units 6000.RAD1.F.A0309 and 62236N.4127.3696.A0258). The CIA Reference Center is supported by the PATH/Malaria Vaccine Initiative. DLD was supported in part by a Pfizer Australia Senior Research Fellow. The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. TLR is a military service member and CAL an employee of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 19 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 18 BP 3201 EP 3210 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.024 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 588JA UT WOS:000277064500018 PM 20188680 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, N Cook, C Di Bonaventura, M Ge, H Richards, A Bishop-Lilly, KA DeSalle, R Read, TD Pop, M AF Nagarajan, Niranjan Cook, Christopher Di Bonaventura, MariaPia Ge, Hong Richards, Allen Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. DeSalle, Robert Read, Timothy D. Pop, Mihai TI Finishing genomes with limited resources: lessons from an ensemble of microbial genomes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE AB While new sequencing technologies have ushered in an era where microbial genomes can be easily sequenced, the goal of routinely producing high-quality draft and finished genomes in a cost-effective fashion has still remained elusive. Due to shorter read lengths and limitations in library construction protocols, shotgun sequencing and assembly based on these technologies often results in fragmented assemblies. Correspondingly, while draft assemblies can be obtained in days, finishing can take many months and hence the time and effort can only be justified for high-priority genomes and in large sequencing centers. In this work, we revisit this issue in light of our own experience in producing finished and nearly-finished genomes for a range of microbial species in a small-lab setting. These genomes were finished with surprisingly little investments in terms of time, computational effort and lab work, suggesting that the increased access to sequencing might also eventually lead to a greater proportion of finished genomes from small labs and genomics cores. C1 [Nagarajan, Niranjan] Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore 127726, Singapore. [Pop, Mihai] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cook, Christopher; Ge, Hong; Richards, Allen; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Read, Timothy D.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cook, Christopher; Ge, Hong; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Read, Timothy D.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Di Bonaventura, MariaPia; DeSalle, Robert] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Read, Timothy D.] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Nagarajan, N (reprint author), Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore 127726, Singapore. EM niranjan@umiacs.umd.edu RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; Pop, Mihai/A-7987-2013 OI Pop, Mihai/0000-0001-9617-5304 FU Department of Defense Transformational Medical Technologies [TMTI0068 07 NM T]; NSF [IIS-0812111]; Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics at the American Museum of Natural History; Korein Foundation FX The authors are supported in part by Department of Defense Transformational Medical Technologies initiative TMTI0068 07 NM T to T. D. R. and NSF grant IIS-0812111 (to M. P.). R. D. thanks the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics at the American Museum of Natural History and the Korein Foundation for their continued support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U. S. Government. A. R. is a military service member. This work was prepared as part of his official duties. Title 17 U. S. C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U. S. C. 101 defines a U. S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U. S. Government as part of that person's official duties. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 242 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-242 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 591BI UT WOS:000277272100001 PM 20398345 ER PT J AU Meier, RR Plane, JMC Stevens, MH Paxton, LJ Christensen, AB Crowley, G AF Meier, R. R. Plane, John M. C. Stevens, Michael H. Paxton, L. J. Christensen, A. B. Crowley, G. TI Can molecular diffusion explain Space Shuttle plume spreading? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ART.; MESOSPHERE AB The satellite-borne Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) has produced more than 20 images of NASA Space Shuttle main engine plumes in the lower thermosphere. These reveal atomic hydrogen and, by inference, water vapor transport over hemispherical-scale distances with speeds much faster than expected from models of thermospheric wind motions. Furthermore, the hydrogen plumes expand rapidly. We find rates that exceed the horizontal diffusion speed at nominal plume altitudes of 104-112 km. Kelley et al. (2009) have proposed a 2-D turbulence mechanism to explain the observed spreading rates (and rapid advection) of the plumes. But upon further investigation, we conclude that H atom diffusion can indeed account for the observed expansion rates by recognizing that vertical diffusion quickly conveys atoms to higher altitudes where horizontal diffusion is much more rapid. We also find evidence for H atom production directly during the Shuttle's main engine burn. Citation: Meier, R. R., J. M. C. Plane, M. H. Stevens, L. J. Paxton, A. B. Christensen, and G. Crowley (2010), Can molecular diffusion explain Space Shuttle plume spreading?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08101, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042868. C1 [Meier, R. R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Plane, John M. C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Stevens, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paxton, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Christensen, A. B.] Dixie State Coll, St George, UT 84790 USA. [Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rmeier@gmu.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 FU NASA FX RRM thanks NASA for support from the Guest Investigator Program. ABC, LJP and RRM acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED program. We are also grateful to Mission Operations at NASA-Johnson Space Center for providing ascent trajectories for a variety of shuttle missions. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L08101 DI 10.1029/2010GL042868 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 585LD UT WOS:000276826100002 ER PT J AU Lakshman, MK Singh, MK Parrish, D Balachandran, R Day, BW AF Lakshman, Mahesh K. Singh, Manish K. Parrish, Damon Balachandran, Raghavan Day, Billy W. TI Azide-Tetrazole Equilibrium of C-6 Azidopurine Nucleosides and Their Ligation Reactions with Alkynes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADENOSINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS; DIYNYL SIDE-CHAINS; CLICK-CHEMISTRY; TERMINAL ALKYNES; SOLID-PHASE; DERIVATIVES; CYCLOADDITION; LIGANDS; DNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AB Facile syntheses of C-6 azidopurine ribonucleosides and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides have been developed. For silyl- and acetyl-protected as well as unprotected nucleosides, access to the azido derivatives could be readily attained via displacement of BtO(-) from the O(6)-(benzotriazol-l-yl)inosine nucleosides by azide anion. Use of diphenylphosphoryl azide/DBU as a simple route to the acetyl-protected azido nucleosides was also evaluated, but this proved to be inferior. Since these azido nucleosides can exist in an azide center dot tetrazole equilibrium, the effect of solvent polarity on this equilibrium was investigated. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of Cu-mediated azide-alkyne ("click") ligation was undertaken. Biphasic CH(2)Cl(2)/H(2)O medium proved to be best for the ligation reactions, suppressing the undesired azide reduction that was competing. Interestingly, although the tetrazolyl isomer predominates (ca. 80%) in CD(2)Cl(2) and in CD(2)Cl(2)/D(2)O, the Cu-catalyzed click reactions proceed smoothly with the silyl-protected ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, leading to the C-6 triazolyl products in good to excellent yields. Thus, depletion of the azido form from the reaction mixture shifts the azide center dot tetrazole equilibrium, eventually resulting in complete consumption of azide and tetrazole. In several cases, major and minor azide alkyne ligation products were observed, and characterization data are provided for both. In order to confirm the regiochemistry leading to the major isomer, one product was crystallized and evaluated by X-ray crystallography. The Cu-catalyzed azide alkyne ligation is clearly efficient and significantly superior to thermal reactions, which were slow. Biological evaluation showed low cytotoxicities for the agents, suggesting their usefulness as biological probes. C1 [Lakshman, Mahesh K.; Singh, Manish K.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Balachandran, Raghavan; Day, Billy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Day, Billy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lakshman, MK (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM lakshman@sci.ccny.cuny.edu FU NSF [CHE-0640417]; PSC CUNY; NIH RCMI [G12 RR03060]; NIDA [YI DA6005] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. CHE-0640417 and PSC CUNY awards to M.K.L. Infrastructural support at CCNY was provided by NIH RCMI Grant No. G12 RR03060. We thank Dr. Amit Kumar for results on the ligation reactions of tetrazolo[l,5-c.]quinazoline, Dr. Padmanava Pradhan (CCNY NMR facility manager) for assistance with some NMR experiments, and Dr. Cliff Soli (Hunter College) for HRMS analysis of new compounds. X-ray crystallographic support was made possible by NIDA under the Interagency Agreement No. YI DA6005. Cell lines were generous gifts from Prof. Bert Vogelstein and Thomas Hamilton. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2461 EP 2473 DI 10.1021/jo902342z PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 581WQ UT WOS:000276556600005 PM 20297785 ER PT J AU Stine, R Simpkins, BS Mulvaney, SP Whitman, LJ Tamanaha, CR AF Stine, R. Simpkins, B. S. Mulvaney, S. P. Whitman, L. J. Tamanaha, C. R. TI Formation of amine groups on the surface of GaN: A method for direct biofunctionalization SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; Biofunctionalization; Surface modification; Plasma; Amine; Biosensor ID NITRIDE SURFACES; PLASMA TREATMENT; MONOLAYERS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; LAYERS; BIOSENSORS; STABILITY; MOLECULES; SYSTEM; FILMS AB Gallium nitride has attracted significant interest as a material for biosensors; however, techniques for biofunctionalizing GaN surfaces have received limited attention. Here, we present a method for producing amine groups directly on GaN surfaces through exposure to a glow discharge plasma fed with humidified air, thereby eliminating the need for complex organic functionalization chemistry. Amine formation is tracked via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by labeling the plasma-formed surface groups with a fluorinated probe that binds specifically to primary amines. These amine groups can subsequently couple covalently to a wide range of biomolecules. The covalent immobilization of a NeutrAvidin layer is demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and fluorescent biotin-binding assays. Finally, we show that plasma exposure times sufficient for the formation of amine groups do not significantly alter the conductivity of the GaN substrate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stine, R.; Simpkins, B. S.; Mulvaney, S. P.; Whitman, L. J.; Tamanaha, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tamanaha, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cy.tamanaha@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Daniel Barlow for his assistance in the collection of FT-IR spectra. Authors R. S. and S.P.M. are employees of Nova Research Inc., 1900 Elkins St. Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308, USA. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 256 IS 13 BP 4171 EP 4175 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.120 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 581AL UT WOS:000276492300021 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Kim, SN Auvil, T Goldman, ER Liu, J Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Kim, Sang Nyon Auvil, Tyler Goldman, Ellen R. Liu, Jinny Naik, Rajesh R. TI Single domain antibody templated nanoparticle resistors for sensing SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibodies; Gold naoparticles; Toxin; Sensing; Conductivity ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CHOLERA-TOXIN; PROTEIN; PROBES; FRAGMENTS; INFECTION; SELECTION; PEPTIDE; LIBRARY AB The diversity of biomolecules enables materials to be synthesized at ambient conditions into complex shapes and structures while affording improved control over nanoparticle synthesis, structures, properties, and functionality. Also, biomolecules can impart recognition and sensing capabilities to metal nanoparticles. Here, llama single domain antibodies selected towards the p-subunit of cholera toxin were used to template the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and subsequently assembled onto electrodes via dielectrophoresis. These assemblies were then tested for the detection of cholera toxin via changes in the conductance of antibody coated gold nanoparticles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Kim, Sang Nyon; Auvil, Tyler; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldman, Ellen R.; Liu, Jinny] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX We thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding. This research was performed while S.K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Authors thank Dr. C. Devlin for microlithography process. SdAb development was supported by the Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency. We thank Dr. Andrew Hayhurst (Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research) for selecting the LgBoTDF sdAb used as a control. We also thank Dr. George Andreson (Naval Research Laboratory) and Ms. Rachael Bernstein (Nova Research Inc) for preparing and testing the sdAb used in these experiments. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1913 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.01.004 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 580CJ UT WOS:000276424200008 PM 20117926 ER PT J AU Leach, JH Ni, X Li, X Wu, M Ozgur, U Morkoc, H Zhou, L Cullen, DA Smith, DJ Cheng, H Kurdak, C Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I AF Leach, J. H. Ni, X. Li, X. Wu, M. Ozgur, U. Morkoc, H. Zhou, L. Cullen, D. A. Smith, D. J. Cheng, H. Kurdak, C. Meyer, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. TI Bias dependent two-channel conduction in InAlN/AlN/GaN structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY AB Due to growth temperature differences during deposition of GaN heterostructures utilizing InAlN barriers, an inadvertent parasitic GaN layer can form in the InAlN barrier layer. In structures utilizing AlN spacer layers, this parasitic layer acts as a second conduction channel with a carrier density dependent upon polarization charges and lattice strain as well as the surface potential. The effect of an additional GaN spacer layer in InAlN/AlN/GaN structures is assessed using simulations, electron-microscopy observations, magnetoconductivity measurements with gated Hall bar samples, and with quantitative mobility spectrum analysis. We propose a possible formation mechanism for the parasitic layer, and note that although the additional unintended layer may have beneficial aspects, we discuss a strategy to prevent its occurrence. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3330627] C1 [Leach, J. H.; Ni, X.; Li, X.; Wu, M.; Ozgur, U.; Morkoc, H.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Zhou, L.; Cullen, D. A.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cheng, H.; Kurdak, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meyer, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leach, JH (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM s2jleach@vcu.edu RI Ni, Xianfeng/A-1635-2011; Li, Xing/C-8004-2011; Cullen, David/A-2918-2015 OI Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Wright Patterson Air Force Base; NSF [DMR-0606039] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program monitor: Dr. Kitt Reinhardt) and Wright Patterson Air Force Base (Program monitor: Dr. Chris Bozada). The work at UM was supported by the NSF through Grant No. DMR-0606039. We also acknowledge use of facilities at the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 8 AR 083706 DI 10.1063/1.3330627 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 591LX UT WOS:000277303200048 ER PT J AU Sibeck, DG Lin, RQ AF Sibeck, D. G. Lin, R. -Q. TI Concerning the motion of flux transfer events generated by component reconnection across the dayside magnetopause SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; SIGNATURES; MODEL; LINE; MAGNETOSHEATH; CONVECTION; REGION; FLOW AB We generate flux transfer events (FTEs) along subsolar component reconnection curves whose tilt depends upon the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, track their motion in response to pressure gradient and magnetic curvature forces, and estimate the perturbations they produce in the ambient magnetosheath and magnetosphere. During periods of southward IMF orientation, FTEs move poleward rapidly without ever reaching the flanks of the magnetosphere, while during periods of northward and duskward IMF they slip slowly over the flanks. Speeds increase when a depletion layer is present. For southward IMF orientations, the greatest magnetic field perturbations occur near the equator and diminish with distance from the posited reconnection line. For northward and duskward IMF orientations, dayside perturbation amplitudes are lower but increase with downstream distance at off-equatorial locations. Consequently events occurring for southward IMF orientations should dominate statistical surveys of dayside events but not those of flank events. The events move through the ambient media, invariably generating outward/inward flow perturbations in the magnetosheath but inward/outward perturbations in the magnetosphere. Multipoint spacecraft timing studies can be used to determine event axes and the component of event motion perpendicular to these axes. Because FTEs retain their initial orientations, timing studies afford an opportunity to determine the orientation of the dayside reconnection curve from remote locations. C1 [Sibeck, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lin, R. -Q.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sibeck, DG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.g.sibeck@nasa.gov RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 FU NASA; THEMIS; MMS FX Work at GSFC was funded by the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program and the THEMIS and MMS projects. We thank Y. Wang, S. Eriksson, and both referees for helpful comments. D. G. S. thanks the staff of the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their hospitality during two visits by a group working on FTEs. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A04209 DI 10.1029/2009JA014677 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 585MX UT WOS:000276830900002 ER PT J AU McKinney, JD Leaird, DE Hastings, AS Weiner, AM Williams, KJ AF McKinney, Jason D. Leaird, Daniel E. Hastings, Alex S. Weiner, Andrew M. Williams, Keith J. TI Optical Comb Sources and High-Resolution Optical Filtering for Measurement of Photodiode Harmonic Distortion SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Harmonic distortion; microwave photonics; optical combs; photodiodes ID MICROWAVE SIGNALS; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; PHOTONIC LINKS; LINEARIZATION; PHOTODETECTORS; NONLINEARITIES; TRANSMISSION; DEMODULATION; PERFORMANCE; MODULATORS AB In this work we preset a new technique for measurement of harmonic distortion in microwave photodiodes. Our technique combines optical combs and high-resolution optical filtering to provide a pure optical two-tone excitation of the photo-diode. Our technique removes the challenges presented by laser frequency drift and modulator bias control by utilizing a single laser and phase-modulation to synthesize the optical combs. We demonstrate our technique through measurement of the harmonic distortion generated in a commercial InGaAs photodiode and compare our results with those obtained via phase-locked laser measurements. We show that this technique provides essentially equivalent measurement fidelity to phase-locked laser techniques while offering decreased system complexity. We additionally provide a general discussion of the limits of nonlinearity measurements performed using optical heterodyne techniques. C1 [McKinney, Jason D.; Hastings, Alex S.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jdm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-09-1-0068] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The work at Purdue was supported in part by the Naval Postgraduate School under grant N00244-09-1-0068 under the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1228 EP 1235 DI 10.1109/JLT.2010.2044632 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 575FJ UT WOS:000276052000002 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Computational study of the adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on the (010) surface of anatase TiO2 with and without faceting SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Density functional calculations; Chemisorption; Surface relaxation and reconstruction; Titanium dioxide; Single-crystal surfaces ID WARFARE AGENT SIMULANT; AB-INITIO; RUTILE 110; MICROCRYSTALLINE TIO2; DECOMPOSITION; WATER; MORPHOLOGY; DFT; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on the (010) surface of anatase TiO2, which is isostructural with the (100), has been studied using density functional theory and two-dimensionally-periodic slab models. The experimentally-observed faceting of this surface has, for the first time, been included in the modeling. The relaxations of bare surfaces both with and without faceting are similar, leading to an atomic-scale roughening due to inward (outward) displacement of fivefold-coordinated Ti-5c (sixfold-coordinated T-6c) atoms together with outward displacement of threefold-coordinated O-3c atoms. Molecular adsorption occurs by formation of a Ti-5c center dot center dot center dot O=P dative bond with one or more C-H center dot center dot center dot O-2c bonds between CH3 groups and unsaturated, twofold-coordinated (O-2c) sites. The energies for molecular adsorption, obtained using the B3LYP functional, are virtually identical (about -21.0 kcal/mol) for the two surfaces and are also close to those found elsewhere for the rutile (110) and anatase (101) surfaces. A possible first step in the dissociative adsorption of DMMP has also been modeled and is found to be thermodynamically favored over molecular adsorption to a degree which depends on faceting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Computer facilities were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and by the DOD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program at the AFRL-MSRC; Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. D.A. Chen and J. Scaranto are thanked for helpful communications. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 604 IS 7-8 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2010.01.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 583ZA UT WOS:000276718000015 ER PT J AU Fragiadakis, D Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Fragiadakis, D. Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Insights on the origin of the Debye process in monoalcohols from dielectric spectroscopy under extreme pressure conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric liquids; dielectric relaxation; glass transition; high-pressure effects; organic compounds ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ELEVATED PRESSURE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; STERIC HINDRANCE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; OCTYL ALCOHOLS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; 1-PROPANOL AB The dielectric spectra of most simple liquids are characterized by two relaxation processes: (i) the alpha-process, an intense, broad non-Debye relaxation with a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and (ii) a beta process, evident mainly below the glass transition and having nearly Arrhenius temperature behavior. However, the dielectric spectra of monoalcohols show three processes: two that resemble those of normal liquids and a third very intense Debye peak at lower frequencies, which is non-Arrhenius. Interestingly, this third process is not observed with other techniques such as light scattering and mechanical spectroscopy. There is a disagreement in the literature concerning the nature of this third relaxation. We investigated 2-ethyl-1-hexanol under high pressures (up to similar to 1.4 GPa) over a broad range of temperatures. The Debye process, which is the slowest, is strongly affected by pressure. At higher pressures the relaxation times and intensities of the two non-Arrhenius relaxations become more nearly equal. In light of these results, we propose a modified interpretation of the relaxation processes and their underlying structures in monoalcohols. C1 [Fragiadakis, D.; Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fragiadakis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riccardo.casalini@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research FX R. C. thanks K. L. Ngai for stimulating discussion. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 14 AR 144505 DI 10.1063/1.3374820 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587EV UT WOS:000276973500023 PM 20405999 ER PT J AU Paulus, MP Simmons, AN Fitzpatrick, SN Potterat, EG Van Orden, KF Bauman, J Swain, JL AF Paulus, Martin P. Simmons, Alan N. Fitzpatrick, Summer N. Potterat, Eric G. Van Orden, Karl F. Bauman, James Swain, Judith L. TI Differential Brain Activation to Angry Faces by Elite Warfighters: Neural Processing Evidence for Enhanced Threat Detection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AVERSIVE VISUAL-STIMULI; INSULAR CORTEX; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; PREDICTION ERRORS; FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY; DECISION-MAKING; EMOTION; PERFORMANCE; AMYGDALA AB Background: Little is known about the neural basis of elite performers and their optimal performance in extreme environments. The purpose of this study was to examine brain processing differences between elite warfighters and comparison subjects in brain structures that are important for emotion processing and interoception. Methodology/Principal Findings: Navy Sea, Air, and Land Forces (SEALs) while off duty (n = 11) were compared with n = 23 healthy male volunteers while performing a simple emotion face-processing task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Irrespective of the target emotion, elite warfighters relative to comparison subjects showed relatively greater right-sided insula, but attenuated left-sided insula, activation. Navy SEALs showed selectively greater activation to angry target faces relative to fearful or happy target faces bilaterally in the insula. This was not accounted for by contrasting positive versus negative emotions. Finally, these individuals also showed slower response latencies to fearful and happy target faces than did comparison subjects. Conclusions/Significance: These findings support the hypothesis that elite warfighters deploy greater processing resources toward potential threat-related facial expressions and reduced processing resources to non-threat-related facial expressions. Moreover, rather than expending more effort in general, elite warfighters show more focused neural and performance tuning. In other words, greater neural processing resources are directed toward threat stimuli and processing resources are conserved when facing a nonthreat stimulus situation. C1 [Paulus, Martin P.; Simmons, Alan N.; Fitzpatrick, Summer N.; Swain, Judith L.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Van Orden, Karl F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Bauman, James] US Olymp Training Ctr, Chula Vista, CA USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Paulus, Martin P.; Potterat, Eric G.; Van Orden, Karl F.; Bauman, James; Swain, Judith L.] OptiBrain Consortium, San Diego, CA USA. [Swain, Judith L.] ASTAR, Singapore Inst Clin Sci, Singapore, Singapore. [Swain, Judith L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Paulus, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM mpaulus@ucsd.edu RI Simmons, Alan/A-9815-2008 OI Simmons, Alan/0000-0003-3963-2112 FU VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH); Department of Veterans Affairs FX Some of this work was supported by the VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), which is supported by Department of Veterans Affairs. CESAMH is affiliated with VISN 22, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and the University of California, San Diego. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR e10096 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010096 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 583VA UT WOS:000276706800007 PM 20418943 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Fragiadakis, D Martin, D Milne, A Milne, J Runt, J AF Lee, HyungKi Fragiadakis, Daniel Martin, Darren Milne, Anthony Milne, John Runt, James TI Dynamics of Uniaxially Oriented Elastomers Using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER NETWORKS; CROSS-LINKING; LIQUIDS; POLYURETHANES; DEFORMATION; RELAXATIONS; ORIENTATION; DEPENDENCE C1 [Lee, HyungKi; Runt, James] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fragiadakis, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martin, Darren] Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Milne, Anthony; Milne, John] Milne Corp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Runt, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM runt@matse.psu.edu RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009; He, Yong/F-8752-2012; Milne, John/M-7390-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907139] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation, Polymers Program, under Grant DMR-0907139. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3125 EP 3127 DI 10.1021/ma100340c PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 577OH UT WOS:000276232800001 ER PT J AU Aglitskiy, Y Velikovich, AL Karasik, M Metzler, N Zalesak, ST Schmitt, AJ Phillips, L Gardner, JH Serlin, V Weaver, JL Obenschain, SP AF Aglitskiy, Y. Velikovich, A. L. Karasik, M. Metzler, N. Zalesak, S. T. Schmitt, A. J. Phillips, L. Gardner, J. H. Serlin, V. Weaver, J. L. Obenschain, S. P. TI Basic hydrodynamics of Richtmyer-Meshkov-type growth and oscillations in the inertial confinement fusion-relevant conditions SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE inertial confinement fusion; hydrodynamic instability; Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; shock wave; expansion wave ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NIKE KRF LASER; TIME PERTURBATION GROWTH; INCOHERENT PLASMA SOURCE; EXTREMELY DENSE-PLASMAS; ABLATION FRONTS; IMPRINT REDUCTION; MASS OSCILLATIONS; PLASTIC TARGETS; IGNITION ENERGY AB In inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the possibility of ignition or high energy gain is largely determined by our ability to control the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability growth in the target. The exponentially amplified RT perturbation eigenmodes are formed from all sources of the target and radiation non-uniformity in a process called seeding. This process involves a variety of physical mechanisms that are somewhat similar to the classical Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability (in particular, most of them are active in the absence of acceleration), but differ from it in many ways. In the last decade, radiographic diagnostic techniques have been developed that made direct observations of the RM-type effects in the ICF-relevant conditions possible. New experiments stimulated the advancement of the theory of the RM-type processes. The progress in the experimental and theoretical studies of such phenomena as ablative RM instability, re-shock of the RM-unstable interface, feedout and perturbation development associated with impulsive loading is reviewed. C1 [Aglitskiy, Y.; Velikovich, A. L.; Karasik, M.; Schmitt, A. J.; Serlin, V.; Weaver, J. L.; Obenschain, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phillips, L.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. [Metzler, N.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Metzler, N.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mech Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Zalesak, S. T.; Gardner, J. H.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sasha.velikovich@nrl.navy.mil FU US Department of Energy, Defense Programs FX We are grateful to Dr S. I. Abarzhi for her suggestion to present this review at the international conference 'Turbulent mixing and beyond' and to participants of this conference for valuable discussion. We thank Nike Laser Crew for their excellent technical support and Dr R. H. Lehmberg for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Defense Programs. NR 96 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 368 IS 1916 BP 1739 EP 1768 DI 10.1098/rsta.2009.0131 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 564TZ UT WOS:000275241800011 PM 20211882 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Olson, CC AF Nichols, J. M. Olson, C. C. TI Optimal bispectral detection of weak, quadratic nonlinearities in structural systems SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID NON-GAUSSIAN SIGNALS; FUNCTIONAL SERIES; ORDER; SPECTRA AB This work derives the expressions for the bispectrum and bicoherence functions for multi-degree-of-freedom spring-mass systems with quadratic nonlinearities subject to inputs described by a wide class of random processes. The derivation uses a Volterra series model for the system response and yields expressions for both "homogeneous spectra", where the output of only one degree of freedom is used, and "mixed spectra" where the bispectral density contains multiple response time series. This expression is then used to determine the optimal probability distribution of the input and the optimal bispectrum to compute for the goal of maximizing the probability of detecting the nonlinearity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.; Olson, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WX-2-1107] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research, under contract No. N00014-08-WX-2-1107. We would also like to acknowledge Frank Bucholtz of the Naval Research Laboratory for providing a critical read of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD APR 12 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.10.032 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 549RC UT WOS:000274070500015 ER PT J AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, Alan TI Continuum fusion: a theory of inference, with applications to hyperspectral detection SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB A new theoretical framework is created for the class of detection problems traditionally addressed by the generalized likelihood ratio test. Absent prior knowledge that would permit implementation of the optimal detector, a family of optimal detectors is fused according to any one of a group of criteria. Geometrical solutions are presented to several specific problems motivated by hyperspectral signal processing. For the general case, a set of partial differential relations is derived. The generalized likelihood ratio test is shown to be equivalent to one of several flavors of continuum fusion detector. (c) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schaum@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 12 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 8171 EP 8181 DI 10.1364/OE.18.008171 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 582PP UT WOS:000276610300067 PM 20588662 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Chung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE VELA-X PULSAR WIND NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (Vela, PSR J0835-4510) ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; RAY-EMISSION; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; RADIATION; RADIO; HESS; LAT; GHZ AB We report on gamma-ray observations in the off-pulse window of the Vela pulsar PSR B0833-45 using 11 months of survey data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This pulsar is located in the 8 degrees diameter Vela supernova remnant, which contains several regions of non-thermal emission detected in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. The gamma-ray emission detected by the LAT lies within one of these regions, the 2 degrees x 3 degrees area south of the pulsar known as Vela-X. The LAT flux is significantly spatially extended with a best-fit radius of 0.degrees 88 +/- 0.degrees 12 for an assumed radially symmetric uniform disk. The 200 MeV to 20 GeV LAT spectrum of this source is well described by a power law with a spectral index of 2.41 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.15 and integral flux above 100 MeV of (4.73 +/- 0.63 +/- 1.32) x 10(-7) cm(-2) s(-1). The first errors represent the statistical error on the fit parameters, while the second ones are the systematic uncertainties. Detailed morphological and spectral analyses give strong constraints on the energetics and magnetic field of the pulsar wind nebula system and favor a scenario with two distinct electron populations. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Chung, C. C.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Chung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, CEA,IRFU,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Conrad, J.; de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johnston, S.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Noutsos, A.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Rea, N.] Sterrenkundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Funk, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM funk@slac.stanford.edu; grondin@cenbg.in2p3.fr; lemoine@cenbg.in2p3.fr; rwr@astro.stanford.edu; ave@stanford.edu RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012 OI Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, and the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/713/1/146 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573MR UT WOS:000275918500013 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, D Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Luca, A de Palma, F Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hays, E Hobbs, G Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Watters, K Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI THE VELA PULSAR: RESULTS FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF FERMI LAT OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; stars: neutron ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; CRAB PULSAR; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; TIMING PACKAGE; LIGHT CURVES; SLOT GAPS; LONG-TERM; EMISSION; RADIATION AB We report on analysis of timing and spectroscopy of the Vela pulsar using 11 months of observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The intrinsic brightness of Vela at GeV energies combined with the angular resolution and sensitivity of the LAT allows us to make the most detailed study to date of the energy-dependent light curves and phase-resolved spectra, using a LAT-derived timing model. The light curve consists of two peaks (P1 and P2) connected by bridge emission containing a third peak (P3). We have confirmed the strong decrease of the P1/P2 ratio with increasing energy seen with EGRET and previous Fermi LAT data, and observe that P1 disappears above 20 GeV. The increase with energy of the mean phase of the P3 component can be followed with much greater detail, showing that P3 and P2 are present up to the highest energies of pulsation. We find significant pulsed emission at phases outside the main profile, indicating that magnetospheric emission exists over 80% of the pulsar period. With increased high-energy counts the phase-averaged spectrum is seen to depart from a power law with simple exponential cutoff, and is better fit with a more gradual cutoff. The spectra in fixed-count phase bins are well fit with power laws with exponential cutoffs, revealing a strong and complex phase dependence of the cutoff energy, especially in the peaks. By combining these results with predictions of the outer magnetosphere models that map emission characteristics to phase, it will be possible to probe the particle acceleration and the structure of the pulsar magnetosphere with unprecedented detail. C1 [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Omodei, N.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM, CEA,IRFU,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Garde, M. Llena; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Noutsos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hobbs, G.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Caliandro, GA (reprint author), Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM andrea.caliandro@ieec.uab.es; ocelik@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; Alice.K.Harding@nasa.gov; tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com; kerrm@u.washington.edu RI Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012 OI Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT and scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 43 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 1 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/713/1/154 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573MR UT WOS:000275918500014 ER PT J AU Landi, E Young, PR AF Landi, E. Young, P. R. TI NEW Fe VIII LINE IDENTIFICATIONS USING OBSERVATIONS OF THE QUIET SUN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; instrumentation: spectrographs; line: identification; Sun: corona; Sun: UV radiation; techniques: spectroscopic ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; EMITTED RADIATION; SUMER; CHIANTI; WAVELENGTHS; CALIBRATION; HINODE/EIS AB In this work, we study Fe VIII lines emitted in the 1000-1200 angstrom wavelength range that originate from levels that also emit transitions observed in the 190-200 angstrom wavelength range. The intensity ratios between such lines depend on atomic physics parameters only and not on the physical parameters of the emitting plasma: they are excellent tools to verify the relative intensity calibration of instruments operating in those wavelength ranges. We first carry out extensive atomic physics calculations to improve the accuracy of the predicted intensity ratios of those lines. We then compare the results with simultaneous Hinode/Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer and SOHO/SUMER observations of an off-disk quiet-Sun region, identify four new lines in the 1000-1200 angstrom range, and discuss their use for instrument calibration purposes. C1 [Landi, E.; Young, P. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landi, E.; Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P]; [NNH09AL49I] FX The work of Enrico Landi is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I, and other NASA grants. We thank the anonymous referee for his/her valuable comments. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 1 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/713/1/205 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573MR UT WOS:000275918500018 ER PT J AU Mariska, JT Muglach, K AF Mariska, John T. Muglach, K. TI DOPPLER-SHIFT, INTENSITY, AND DENSITY OSCILLATIONS OBSERVED WITH THE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON HINODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: oscillations; Sun: UV radiation ID PROTON COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; SLOW MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; SOLAR CORONA; LOOP OSCILLATIONS; FE-XIII; EMISSION-LINES; MHD WAVES; PROPAGATING WAVES; ATOMIC DATABASE AB Low-amplitude Doppler-shift oscillations have been observed in coronal emission lines in a number of active regions with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite. Both standing and propagating waves have been detected and many periods have been observed, but a clear picture of all the wave modes that might be associated with active regions has not yet emerged. In this study, we examine additional observations obtained with EIS in plage near an active region on 2007 August 22-23. We find Doppler-shift oscillations with amplitudes between 1 and 2 km s(-1) in emission lines ranging from Fe XI 188.23 angstrom, which is formed at log T = 6.07, to Fe XV 284.16 angstrom, which is formed at log T = 6.32. Typical periods are near 10 minutes. We also observe intensity and density oscillations for some of the detected Doppler-shift oscillations. In the better-observed cases, the oscillations are consistent with upwardly propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves. Simultaneous observations of the Ca II H line with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope Broadband Filter Imager show some evidence for 10 minute oscillations as well. C1 [Mariska, John T.; Muglach, K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muglach, K.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Mariska, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mariska@nrl.navy.mil FU ESA (Norway); NSC (Norway); NASA FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed, launched, and operated by ISAS/JAXA in partnership with NAOJ, NASA, and STFC (UK). Additional operational support is provided by ESA and NSC (Norway). The authors acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving NRL (USA), RAL (UK), MSSL (UK), the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason University (USA). We thank the anonymous referee for very helpful comments. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 713 IS 1 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/713/1/573 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573MR UT WOS:000275918500051 ER PT J AU Michael, JB Sarkesain, JF Wingfield, TC Dementis, G de Sousa, GNB AF Michael, James Bret Sarkesain, John F. Wingfield, Thomas C. Dementis, Georgios Baptista de Sousa, Goncalo Nuno TI Integrating Legal and Policy Factors in Cyberpreparedness SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB Cyberwarfare countermeasures must consider more than technological capabilities. C1 [Michael, James Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Cyber Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Cyber Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bmichael@nps.edu; john.f.sarkesain@aero.org; thomas.c.wingfield@marshall-center.org; ydementis@gmail.com; goncalobsousa@gmail.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 580TQ UT WOS:000276473600017 ER PT J AU Rouillard, AP Davies, JA Lavraud, B Forsyth, RJ Savani, NP Bewsher, D Brown, DS Sheeley, NR Davis, CJ Harrison, RA Howard, RA Vourlidas, A Lockwood, M Crothers, SR Eyles, CJ AF Rouillard, A. P. Davies, J. A. Lavraud, B. Forsyth, R. J. Savani, N. P. Bewsher, D. Brown, D. S. Sheeley, N. R. Davis, C. J. Harrison, R. A. Howard, R. A. Vourlidas, A. Lockwood, M. Crothers, S. R. Eyles, C. J. TI Intermittent release of transients in the slow solar wind: 1. Remote sensing observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; NONAXISYMMETRIC OPEN FLUX; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HELIOSPHERIC IMAGERS; STEREO MISSION; STREAMER; SUN; EARTH; ECLIPSE AB The Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments on board the STEREO spacecraft are used to analyze the solar wind during August and September 2007. We show how HI can be used to image the streamer belt and, in particular, the variability of the slow solar wind which originates inside and in the vicinity of the streamer belt. Intermittent mass flows are observed in HI difference images, streaming out along the extension of helmet streamers. These flows can appear very differently in images: plasma distributed on twisted flux ropes, V-shaped structures, or "blobs." The variety of these transient features may highlight the richness of phenomena that could occur near helmet streamers: emergence of flux ropes, reconnection of magnetic field lines at the tip of helmet streamers, or disconnection of open magnetic field lines. The plasma released with these transient events forms part of the solar wind in the higher corona; HI observations show that these transients are frequently entrained by corotating interaction regions (CIRs), leading to the formation of larger, brighter plasma structures in HI images. This entrainment is used to estimate the trajectory of these plasma ejecta. In doing so, we demonstrate that successive transients can be entrained by the same CIR in the high corona if they emanate from the same corotating source. Some parts of the streamers are more effective sources of transients than others. Surprisingly, evidence is given for the outflow of a recurring twisted magnetic structure, suggesting that the emergence of flux ropes can be recurrent. C1 [Rouillard, A. P.; Lockwood, M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Space Environm Phys Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Rouillard, A. P.; Davies, J. A.; Bewsher, D.; Davis, C. J.; Harrison, R. A.; Lockwood, M.; Crothers, S. R.; Eyles, C. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. [Bewsher, D.; Brown, D. S.] Univ Wales, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. [Forsyth, R. J.; Savani, N. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Sheeley, N. R.; Harrison, R. A.; Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.; Lavraud, B.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Rouillard, A. P.; Lavraud, B.] CNRS, UMR 5187, Toulouse, France. [Eyles, C. J.] Univ Valencia, Grp Astron & Ciencias Espacio, Valencia, Spain. RP Rouillard, AP (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Space Environm Phys Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM alexisrouillard@yahoo.co.uk RI Lockwood, Mike/G-1030-2011; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Lockwood, Mike/0000-0002-7397-2172; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Brown, Daniel/0000-0002-1618-8816; Bewsher, Danielle/0000-0002-6351-5170 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) FX We gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Yi-Ming Wang of NRL. We thank the ACE SWEPAM team for providing the solar wind in situ data. This work was funded by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of RAL (UK), NRL (USA), LMSAL (USA), GSFC (USA), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), IOTA (France), and IAS (France). The SECCHI data presented in this paper were obtained from the UKSSDC World Data Center, Chilton, UK. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A04103 DI 10.1029/2009JA014471 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581UD UT WOS:000276549400002 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR AF Deschamps, Jeffrey R. TI X-ray crystallography of chemical compounds SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE X-ray crystallography; Drug design; Absolute configuration ID DRUG DESIGN AB Aims: Accurate knowledge of molecular structure is a prerequisite for rational drug design. This review examines the role of X-ray crystallography in providing the required structural information and advances in the field of X-ray crystallography that enhance or expand its role. Main methods: X-ray crystallography of new drugs candidates and intermediates can provide valuable information of new syntheses and parameters for quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR). Key findings: Crystallographic studies play a vital role in many disciplines including materials science, chemistry, pharmacology, and molecular biology. X-ray crystallography is the most comprehensive technique available to determine molecular structure. A requirement for the high accuracy of crystallographic structures is that a 'good crystal' must be found, and this is often the rate-limiting step. In the past three decades developments in detectors, increases in computer power, and powerful graphics capabilities have contributed to a dramatic increase in the number of materials characterized by X-ray crystallography. More recently the advent of high-throughput crystallization techniques has enhanced our ability to produce that one good crystal required for crystallographic analysis. Significance: Continuing advances in all phases of a crystallographic study have expanded the ranges of samples which can be analyzes by X-ray crystallography to include larger molecules, smaller or weakly diffracting crystals, and twinned crystals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [Y1-DA6002] FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) under contract Y1-DA6002. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 86 IS 15-16 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.028 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 581UY UT WOS:000276551500005 PM 19303027 ER PT J AU Weidinger, D Sando, GM Owrutsky, JC AF Weidinger, Daniel Sando, Gerald M. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Vibrational dynamics of metal cyanides SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY RELAXATION; POPULATION RELAXATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; REVERSE MICELLES; POLAR-SOLVENTS; AZIDE ION; COMPLEXES; WATER; SPECTRA; CN AB Time-resolved IR spectroscopy has been used to characterize vibrational and rotational relaxation dynamics of the C-N stretching bands for aqueous molecular cyanides, Au(CN)(2)(-), Ni(CN)(4)(2-), Pt(CN)(4)(2-), Co(CN)(6)(3-), Mn(CN)(6)(3-), and Ru(CN)(6)(4-). The spectra and dynamics of Ru(CN)(6)(4-) resemble those previously reported for ferrocyanide with a relatively short (<10 ps) vibrational energy relaxation (VER) time. VER times are longer (>30 ps) for Au(CN)(2)(-), Ni(CN)(4)(2-), Pt(CN)(4)(2-) and Co(CN)(6)(3-). Mn(CN)(6)(3-) is an intermediate case with a VER time of 15 ps in water. These VER dynamics extend and reinforce the trends for metal cyanide CN vibrational band frequencies and intensities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weidinger, Daniel; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sando, Gerald M.] Malvern Instruments, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeff.Owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. DW acknowledges a Naval Research Laboratory - National Research Council Research Associateship. We thank Cassidy Houchins of NRL and Douglas J. Brown at the US Naval Academy for useful discussions. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 489 IS 4-6 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.070 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577AA UT WOS:000276190600006 ER PT J AU Cole, ST Rudnick, DL Colosi, JA AF Cole, Sylvia T. Rudnick, Daniel L. Colosi, John A. TI Seasonal evolution of upper-ocean horizontal structure and the remnant mixed layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; DENSITY RATIO; CENTRAL WATER; MODE WATER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; GYRE; MESOSCALE AB We discuss the seasonal evolution of upper-ocean thermohaline structure at small horizontal scales. The upper 350 m of a 1000 km long section in the subtropical North Pacific was observed in winter, spring, and summer with 3-14 km horizontal resolution. Four vertical regions had distinct density and salinity structure: the mixed layer, remnant mixed layer, high-stratification layer, and permanent thermocline. The remnant mixed layer consists of water from the winter mixed layer left over after restratification. The remnant mixed layer was most similar to the mixed layer in winter and spring, and most similar to the high-stratification layer below in summer. The high-stratification layer had elevated stratification that varied seasonally. The permanent thermocline varied little seasonally and was horizontally and vertically uniform in comparison. In all seasons, density ratios showed that mixed-layer theta-S differences tended to compensate in density with the strongest tendency toward compensation in winter. Density ratios were temperature dominated in the remnant mixed layer consistent with salt-fingering. Salinity anomalies were largest at the surface and decayed with depth in all seasons. Spectra of isopycnal depth and theta-S anomalies along isopycnals are compared between the three seasons and four vertical layers. Isopycnal depth variance at 30-46 km wavelengths decreased from winter to spring to summer by a factor of 2-10 in stratified regions. By treating salinity anomalies as a tracer, the effective isopycnal diffusivity in the remnant mixed layer was estimated to be 1.4 m(2) s(-1) over 30-46 km wavelengths. C1 [Cole, Sylvia T.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Colosi, John A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cole, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stcole@ucsd.edu RI Cole, Sylvia/K-6388-2013; Rudnick, Daniel/J-8948-2016 OI Cole, Sylvia/0000-0001-6579-142X; Rudnick, Daniel/0000-0002-2624-7074 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0838, N00014-06-1-0776] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research through grants N00014-03-1-0838 and N00014-06-1-0776. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C04012 DI 10.1029/2009JC005654 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 581SY UT WOS:000276546000004 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Plant, WJ AF Hwang, Paul A. Plant, William J. TI An analysis of the effects of swell and surface roughness spectra on microwave backscatter from the ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SQUARE SLOPE; SEA-SURFACE; RADAR BACKSCATTER; WAVES; MODEL; SCATTERING; CLUTTER; GHZ AB The spectrum of ocean surface roughness is significantly modified by the presence of background long waves not generated by local wind. Active radar scattering and passive microwave emission from the ocean surface are therefore modified by swell conditions. Here we investigate predictions of the normalized radar cross section ( NRCS) of the sea by a multiscale radar scattering model using four different spectral functions, one of which accounts for swell effects. Variations in predicted NRCS using the different spectral functions are quantified. As a result, the effect of swell on microwave backscatter can be separated from uncertainty due to the form of the spectrum without swell. The tilting effects of swell are also examined, and their effect on backscatter is calculated using the model. We find that changes in the ocean surface roughness spectrum due to swell reduce the wind speed dependence of the NRCS at low and moderate incidence angles while tilting effects produce changes in both the incidence angle and wind speed behavior of the NRCS. In general C band NRCS measurements are better explained by the multiscale model and less sensitive to choice of roughness spectral model than are Ku band NRCS values. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plant, William J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; plant@apl.washington.edu FU Office of Naval Research [62435N, 61153N, N000140810977] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL program element 62435N and 61153N and ONR grant N000140810977). We appreciate the comments from two anonymous reviewers for improving and clarifying our presentation. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7260-09-0169. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C04014 DI 10.1029/2009JC005558 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 581SY UT WOS:000276546000003 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Simpkins, B Wang, GT Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, HY Ahn, J Kim, J AF Mastro, Michael A. Simpkins, Blake Wang, George T. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Hong-Youl Ahn, Jaehui Kim, Jihyun TI Polarization fields in III-nitride nanowire devices SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; LAYERS AB Control of the polarization fields is the most important parameter in designing III-nitride thin-film devices, and herein we show that the polarization fields may be equally, if not more, important in devising III-nitride nanowire devices. One common approach to produce III-nitride nanowires is via a vapor-liquid-solid approach that, in general, yields nanowires with the major (growth) axis in the < 11 (2) over bar0 > direction. The cross section of this wire is an isosceles triangle with two {1 (1) over bar 01} facets and one {0001} facet. In this work, we analyze the polarization fields that arise in two distinct sets of crystal planes that can manifest in this triangular nanowire geometry: (0001), (1 (1) over bar0 (1) over bar), ((1) over bar 10 (1) over bar) or (000 (1) over bar), (1 (1) over bar 01), ((1) over bar 101). Calculations show that the polarization field at the {0001} facet is much larger than at the two opposing {1 (1) over bar 01} facets, although the sign of the field at each facet has a complicated dependence on the orientation and structure of the nanowire. An undoped nanowire transistor was fabricated that displayed p-type operation based solely on polarization-induced hole carriers at the (000 (1) over bar) AlGaN/GaN interface, consistent with our field calculations. C1 [Mastro, Michael A.; Simpkins, Blake; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kim, Hong-Youl; Ahn, Jaehui; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mastro@nrl.navy.mil RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research; Sandia Corporation; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Research at the US Naval Research Lab is supported by the Office of Naval Research. Sandia is operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 14 AR 145205 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/14/145205 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 570DP UT WOS:000275652200011 PM 20220226 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB McCrary, M Korotkov, AN Dykman, MI AF Billings, Lora Schwartz, Ira B. McCrary, Marie Korotkov, A. N. Dykman, M. I. TI Switching Exponent Scaling near Bifurcation Points for Non-Gaussian Noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VOLTAGE STATE; THERMAL-ACTIVATION; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; FLUCTUATIONS; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEMS; ESCAPE; FIELD; MODEL AB We study noise-induced switching of a system close to bifurcation parameter values where the number of stable states changes. For non-Gaussian noise, the switching exponent, which gives the logarithm of the switching rate, displays a non-power-law dependence on the distance to the bifurcation point. This dependence is found for Poisson noise. Even weak additional Gaussian noise dominates switching sufficiently close to the bifurcation point, leading to a crossover in the behavior of the switching exponent. C1 [Billings, Lora; McCrary, Marie] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Korotkov, A. N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Dykman, M. I.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM dykman@pa.msu.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 FU ARO [W911NF-06-1-0320]; Office of Naval Research; NSA/IARPA/ARO [W911NF-08-0336]; NSF [CMMI-0900666] FX L. B. is supported by ARO Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0320. I. B. S. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. A. N. K. is supported by NSA/IARPA/ARO Grant No. W911NF-08-0336. M. I. D. is supported by NSF Grant No. CMMI-0900666. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 14 AR 140601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.140601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 581RL UT WOS:000276541900006 PM 20481926 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Roediger, MP Eberly, L Headd, M Marconi, V Ganesan, A Weintrob, A Barthel, RV Fraser, S Agan, BK AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Roediger, Mollie Poehlman Eberly, Lynn Headd, Maryam Marconi, Vincent Ganesan, Anuradha Weintrob, Amy Barthel, R. Vincent Fraser, Susan Agan, Brian K. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program HI TI Increasing Rates of Obesity among HIV-Infected Persons during the HIV Epidemic SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WEIGHT-LOSS; BODY-COMPOSITION; COHORT; RISK; ERA; OVERWEIGHT; SURVIVAL; ADULTS AB Background: The prevalence and factors associated with overweight/obesity among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are unknown. Methods: We evaluated prospective data from a U. S. Military HIV Natural History Study (1985-2004) consisting of early diagnosed patients. Statistics included multivariate linear regression and longitudinal linear mixed effects models. Results: Of 1682 patients, 2% were underweight, 37% were overweight, and 9% were obese at HIV diagnosis. Multivariate predictors of a higher body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis included more recent year of HIV diagnosis, older age, African American race, and earlier HIV stage (all p < 0.05). The majority of patients (62%) gained weight during HIV infection. Multivariate factors associated with a greater increase in BMI during HIV infection included more recent year of diagnosis, lower BMI at diagnosis, higher CD4 count, lower HIV RNA level, lack of AIDS diagnosis, and longer HIV duration (all p < 0.05). Nucleoside agents were associated with less weight gain; other drug classes had no significant impact on weight change in the HAART era. Conclusions: HIV-infected patients are increasingly overweight/obese at diagnosis and during HIV infection. Weight gain appears to reflect improved health status and mirror trends in the general population. Weight management programs may be important components of HIV care. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Roediger, Mollie Poehlman; Eberly, Lynn; Marconi, Vincent; Ganesan, Anuradha; Weintrob, Amy; Barthel, R. Vincent; Fraser, Susan; Agan, Brian K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy; Headd, Maryam] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Roediger, Mollie Poehlman; Eberly, Lynn] Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Marconi, Vincent] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ganesan, Anuradha] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. [Weintrob, Amy] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Barthel, R. Vincent] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Infect Dis Clin, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Fraser, Susan] Tripler Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Eberly, Lynn/0000-0003-4763-330X; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP); Department of Defense (DoD); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX Support for this work was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR e10106 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010106 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 580WU UT WOS:000276482100019 PM 20419086 ER PT J AU Kelly, EP Puri, B Sun, W Falgout, B AF Kelly, Eileen P. Puri, Beena Sun, Wellington Falgout, Barry TI Identification of mutations in a candidate dengue 4 vaccine strain 341750 PDK20 and construction of a full-length cDNA clone of the PDK20 vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Dengue virus; Vaccine virus mutation analysis; Infectious clone ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRAL-RNA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NS1 PROTEIN; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN-NS1 AB Dengue 4 virus strain 341750 serially passaged 20 times in primary dog kidney (PDK) cells was shown to have reduced infectivity for rhesus monkeys but was immunogenic and protected the monkeys from challenge with low passage parent dengue 4 virus. The dengue 4 PDK20 virus was also shown to be attenuated for human volunteers. We compared the genomic nucleotide sequences of low passage parent and PDK20 attenuated vaccine strains and identified 11 nucleotide (nt) substitutions in the PDK20 genome. Five mutations caused amino acid changes in viral proteins E (N366N/S), NS1 (E146Q), NS4B (S/L112L and A240V), and NS5 (F/L790L). Silent mutations occurred in genes encoding NS1 (nt 2609), NS3 (nt 6113, 6230 and 6239) and NS5 (nt 8081 and 8588). A full-length cDNA clone of the dengue 4 strain 341750 PDK20 was constructed and RNA transcripts of the clone were infectious in monkey kidney (LLC-MK(2)) and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. The sequence analysis and availability of an infectious clone provide molecular tools to investigate the basis for the attenuation of dengue 4 virus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelly, Eileen P.; Sun, Wellington] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Virus Dis, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Puri, Beena] USN, Dept Infect Dis, Viral Dis Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Falgout, Barry] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. RP Kelly, EP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Virus Dis, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eileen.kelly@amedd.army.mil; beena.puri@fda.hhs.gov; wellington.sun@fda.hhs.gov; barry.falgout@fda.hhs.gov FU United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command FX We thank Dr. Ken Eckels, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, for providing the lyophilized parent and vaccine candidate viruses. The studies were supported by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 17 BP 3030 EP 3037 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.084 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 586CE UT WOS:000276877900016 PM 19874927 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Rogers, WO Belmonte, M Belmonte, A Banania, G Patterson, NB Rusalov, D Ferrari, M Richie, TL Doolan, DL AF Sedegah, Martha Rogers, William O. Belmonte, Maria Belmonte, Arnel Banania, Glenna Patterson, Noelle B. Rusalov, Denis Ferrari, Marilyn Richie, Thomas L. Doolan, Denise L. TI Vaxfectin (R) enhances both antibody and in vitro T cell responses to each component of a 5-gene Plasmodium falciparum plasmid DNA vaccine mixture administered at low doses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Malaria; T cells; Multi-gene; Plasmid DNA vaccines; Immune enhancement ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; MALARIA VACCINE; RHESUS MACAQUES; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; KNOWLESI MALARIA; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; MULTISTAGE; PROTEIN AB We previously reported the capacity of the cationic lipid-based formulation, Vaxfectin (R), to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a low dose plasmid DNA vaccine against Plasmodium yoelii malaria in mice. Here, we have extended this finding to human Plasmodium falciparum genes, evaluating the immune enhancing effect of Vaxfectin (R) formulation on a mixture, designated CSLAM, of five plasmid DNA vaccines encoding antigens from the sporozoite (PfCSP. PfSSP2/TRAP), intrahepatic (PfLSA1), and erythrocytic (PfAMA1, PfMSP1) life cycle stages of P. falciparum administered at 2, 10 or 50 mu g doses. Vaxfectin (R) formulation enhanced both antibody and cellular immune responses to each component of the multi-antigen vaccine mixture, as assessed by ELISA, IFAT, and IFN-gamma ELIspot, respectively. There was no apparent antigenic competition, as indicated by comparison of responses induced in mice immunized with PfCSP vs. CSLAM. These data showing that Vaxfectin (R) can enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines administered at low doses per body weight, and in combinations, has important clinical implications for the development of a vaccine against malaria, as well as against other public health threats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Rogers, William O.; Belmonte, Maria; Belmonte, Arnel; Banania, Glenna; Patterson, Noelle B.; Richie, Thomas L.; Doolan, Denise L.] USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rusalov, Denis; Ferrari, Marilyn] Vital Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr Component, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Martha.Sedegah@med.navy.mil RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU U.S. Army Medical Research [61153NM458.S18.A0242]; Pfizer Australia FX This work was supported by funds allocated to the Naval Medical Research Center by the U.S. Army Medical Research Materiel Command (work unit 61153NM458.S18.A0242). The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and in accordance with the principles set forth in the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy. Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. OLD was supported in part by a Pfizer Australia Research Fellowship. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 17 BP 3055 EP 3065 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.044 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 586CE UT WOS:000276877900019 PM 19879998 ER PT J AU Holbrook, TL Galarneau, MR AF Holbrook, Troy Lisa Galarneau, Michael R. TI Morphine after Combat Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Holbrook, Troy Lisa] EPI SOAR Consulting, San Diego, CA USA. [Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Holbrook, TL (reprint author), EPI SOAR Consulting, San Diego, CA USA. EM troy@epi-soar.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 8 PY 2010 VL 362 IS 14 BP 1342 EP 1342 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 579SN UT WOS:000276393700020 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Procell, LR Sorrick, DC Lawson, GE Wells, CM Reynolds, CM Ringelberg, DB Foley, KL Lumetta, GJ Blanchard, DL AF Wagner, George W. Procell, Lawrence R. Sorrick, David C. Lawson, Glenn E. Wells, Claire M. Reynolds, Charles M. Ringelberg, David B. Foley, Karen L. Lumetta, Gregg J. Blanchard, David L., Jr. TI All-Weather Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Decontamination of CBRN Contaminants SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL WARFARE SAMPLES; NERVE AGENT VX; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SULFUR MUSTARD; DETOXIFICATION; OXIDATION; SARIN AB A hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminant, Decon Green, is efficacious for the decontamination of chemical agents VX (S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate), GD (Soman, pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), and HD (mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide); the biological agent anthrax (Bacillus anthracis); and radiological isotopes (137)Cs and (60)Co; thus demonstrating the ability of this decontamination approach to ameliorate the aftermath of all three types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Reaction mechanisms afforded for the chemical agents are discussed as are rationales for the enhanced removal efficacy of recalcitrant (60)Co on certain surfaces. Decontaminants of this nature can be deployed, and are effective, at very low temperatures (-32 degrees C), as shown for studies done with VX and HD simulants, without the need for external heat sources. Finally, the efficacy of a lower-logistics, dry decontaminant powder concentrate (utilizing the solid active-oxygen compounds peracetyl borate and Peroxydone) which can be reconstituted with water in the field prior to use, is presented. C1 [Wagner, George W.; Procell, Lawrence R.; Sorrick, David C.] USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Lawson, Glenn E.; Wells, Claire M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Reynolds, Charles M.; Ringelberg, David B.; Foley, Karen L.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Lumetta, Gregg J.; Blanchard, David L., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM george.wagner@us.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [CDEC3007, BA06DEC052]; [206023.84BP0] FX The many participants who contributed to this work can be found in the references to the prior work, and they are gratefully acknowledged for their technical and experimental endeavors. Support of this work was provided under Project Nos. 206023.84BP0 and CDEC3007, and Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Projects CDEC3007 and BA06DEC052. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 7 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 7 BP 3099 EP 3105 DI 10.1021/ie9019177 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 574TI UT WOS:000276016100008 ER PT J AU Martin, K Moskowitz, IS Allwein, G AF Martin, Keye Moskowitz, Ira S. Allwein, Gerard TI Algebraic information theory for binary channels SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Information theory; Domain theory; Covert channel; Monoid AB We study the algebraic structure of the monoid of binary channels and show that it is dually isomorphic to the interval domain over the unit interval with the operation from Martin (2006) [4]. We show that the capacity of a binary channel is Scott continuous as a map on the interval domain and that its restriction to any maximally commutative submonoid of binary channels is an order isomorphism onto the unit interval. These results allows us to solve an important open problem in the analysis of covert channels: a provably correct method for injecting noise into a covert channel which will reduce its capacity to any level desired in such a way that the practitioner is free to insert the noise at any point in the system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Martin, Keye; Moskowitz, Ira S.; Allwein, Gerard] USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil; allwein@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD APR 6 PY 2010 VL 411 IS 19 BP 1918 EP 1927 DI 10.1016/j.tcs.2010.01.022 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 582KV UT WOS:000276597100003 ER PT J AU Long, W Huang, HO Serlemitsos, J Liu, E Reed, AH Hilpert, M AF Long, Wei Huang, Haiou Serlemitsos, Jasmine Liu, Elizabeth Reed, Allen H. Hilpert, Markus TI Pore-scale study of the collector efficiency of nanoparticles in packings of nonspherical collectors SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE Filtration; Nanoparticle; Collector efficiency; Lattice-Boltzmann; Pore-scale; Nonspherical collector ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; VIRUS TRANSPORT; BED FILTRATION; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; FLOW; EQUATION AB Pore-scale simulations of flow and transport through a filter were used to predict clean-bed filtration of nanoparticles from a 3D image of the filter. X-ray micro-computed tomography was used to obtain the geometry and topology of the filter consisting of flattened half-spherical collectors. A Lattice-Boltzmann method was used to model fluid flow and particle transport in the volumetric image of the filter. Nanoparticles are considered that are so small that diffusion, as compared to the processes of gravitational settlement and interception, dominates particle deposition. A correlation equation is determined for the average collector efficiency for diffusion through regression analysis performed for a set of numerical breakthrough experiments for a range of suspended particle sizes and Darcy velocities. This correlation quantifies the collector size by the surface average equivalent sphere diameter. The newly derived correlation agrees well with experimental data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, Wei; Serlemitsos, Jasmine; Liu, Elizabeth; Hilpert, Markus] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Huang, Haiou] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch, Publ Hlth Ctr Water & Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Reed, Allen H.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39520 USA. RP Long, W (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, 313 Ames Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM longwei_usa@yahoo.com RI Hilpert, M/A-3343-2010 FU ONR Coastal Geosciences Program; NSF [EAR-0911425] FX We thank Professor Charles R. O'Melia for discussion and direction, Professor Hugh Ellis for computing resources at Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Roland Glantz for his help on the calculation of surface area, Atofina/Arkema chemical company for donating the Kynar samples used in the experiments, and Kevin Wilson for assistance with image processing. We also thank the ONR Coastal Geosciences Program for funding for the CT work. MH was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0911425. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD APR 5 PY 2010 VL 358 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.043 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 576AE UT WOS:000276115100024 ER PT J AU Milikh, GM Demekhov, AG Papadopoulos, K Vartanyan, A Huba, JD Joyce, G AF Milikh, G. M. Demekhov, A. G. Papadopoulos, K. Vartanyan, A. Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. TI Model for artificial ionospheric duct formation due to HF heating SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIO-WAVES; PLASMA; DEMETER AB Strong electron heating by the injection of highly powerful HF waves can lead to the formation of ionospheric plasma density perturbations that stretch along the magnetic field lines. Those density perturbations can serve as ducts for guiding natural and artificial ELF/VLF waves. This paper presents a theoretical model of duct formation due to HF heating of the ionosphere. The model is based on the modified SAMI2 code, and is validated by comparison with two well documented experiments. One experiment, conducted at the SURA heating facility, used the low orbit satellite DEMETER as a diagnostic tool to measure the electron and ion temperature and density along the overflying satellite orbit close to the magnetic zenith of the HF-heater. The second experiment, conducted at the EISCAT HF facility and diagnosed by the EISCAT Incoherent Scatter Radar, measured the vertical profiles of the electron and ion temperature between 150-600 km. The model agrees well with the observations, and provides a new understanding of the processes during ionospheric modification. Citation: Milikh, G. M., A. G. Demekhov, K. Papadopoulos, A. Vartanyan, J. D. Huba, and G. Joyce (2010), Model for artificial ionospheric duct formation due to HF heating, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042684. C1 [Milikh, G. M.; Papadopoulos, K.; Vartanyan, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Milikh, G. M.; Papadopoulos, K.; Vartanyan, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Demekhov, A. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Milikh, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM milikh@astro.umd.edu RI Demekhov, Andrei/F-1444-2016 OI Demekhov, Andrei/0000-0002-8062-8492 FU DARPA [N684228]; ONR [NAVY.N0017302C60, N000140710789]; Russian Academy of Sciences FX The work was supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems. It was also supported by the ONR grant NAVY.N0017302C60 and by the ONR MURI grant N000140710789. The work of A. D. was supported in part by the Russian Academy of Sciences (the Program "Plasma Processes in the Solar System"). NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L07803 DI 10.1029/2010GL042684 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 578SD UT WOS:000276314600007 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Calderon, M Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, B Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W Levine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mal, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, H Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, J Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon, M. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. Levine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mal, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of an Antimatter Hypernucleus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON-PLASMA; LIGHT HYPERNUCLEI; STRANGENESS; LIFETIME; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS; SEARCH AB Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons-comprising an antiproton, an antineutron, and an antilambda hyperon-produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +/- 17 antihypertritons (3/Lambda(H) over bar) and 157 +/- 30 hypertritons (H-3(Lambda)). The measured yields of H-3(Lambda) (3/Lambda(H) over bar) and He-3 ((3)(He) over bar) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and of nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Levine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. 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[Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, J.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan, South Korea. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jacobs, W. W.; Mal, O. I.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Qiu, H.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Tang, Zebo/A-9939-2014; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Tang, Zebo/0000-0002-4247-0081; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; FU U.S. DOE Office of Science; NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC of China; CAS of China; MoST of China; MoE of China; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NOW of the Netherlands; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia FX We thank K. Synder for providing Fig. 1, and the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. Supported by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," CNRS/IN2P3; STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NOW of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia. NR 40 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 8 U2 58 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 2 PY 2010 VL 328 IS 5974 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1126/science.1183980 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 577DR UT WOS:000276202200033 ER PT J AU Fulmer, PA Lundin, JG Wynne, JH AF Fulmer, Preston A. Lundin, Jeffrey G. Wynne, James H. TI Development of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPS) for Use in Self-Decontaminating Coatings SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE peptides; coatings; self-decontaminating surfaces; antimicrobial; surfaces ID RED-SEA BREAM; MEMBRANES; SYSTEMS; LIGHT; OLIGOMERS; MECHANISM; IMPLANTS; EFFICACY; DEFENSES; CONTACT AB Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short polypeptides usually associated with the host organism's innate immune system. AMPs have been identified in a wide range of host organisms, including plants, amphibians, Fish, and humans. These peptides usually consist of 30-100 amino acids and are most often cationic. In addition to a net positive charge. AMPs often are amphipathic, containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. This property allows for increased interaction with and insertion into negatively charged cell walls and membranes of microbes. Because of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common human pathogens, recent research into AMPs has revolved around the attempt to increase the availability of drugs to which microbes are susceptible. Because the mechanism of kill for AMPs is different from that of most conventional antibiotics, which tend Lobe very specific in their targets. AMPs are thought to be a very attractive future substitute for traditional antibiotics. The development of novel self-decontaminating surfaces containing two AMPs previously isolated from Chrysophrys major is reported. These AMPs, Chrysophsin-1 and -3, demonstrated 1-4 logs kill of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when incorporated into control acrylic coating systems. C1 [Fulmer, Preston A.; Lundin, Jeffrey G.; Wynne, James H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fulmer, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6100,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM preston.fulmer@nrl.navy.mil RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X FU Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C.; Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH FX We thank the Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C., and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, for their support. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1270 DI 10.1021/am100172g PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 588BT UT WOS:000277042000049 PM 20423145 ER PT J AU Romano, M AF Romano, Marcello TI Detumbling and nutation canceling maneuvers with complete analytic reduction for axially symmetric spacecraft SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Rigid-body dynamics and kinematics; Artificial satellites; Rotation; Integrable cases of motion ID RIGID-BODY AB A new method is introduced to control and analyze the rotational motion of an axially symmetric rigid-body spacecraft. In particular, this motion is seen as the combination of the rotation of a virtual sphere with respect to the inertial frame, and the rotation of the body, about its symmetry axis, with respect to this sphere. Two new exact solutions are introduced for the motion of axially symmetric rigid bodies subjected to a constant external torque in the following cases: (1) torque parallel to the angular momentum and (2) torque parallel to the vectorial component of the angular momentum on the plane perpendicular to the symmetry axis. By building upon these results, two rotational maneuvers are proposed for axially symmetric spacecraft: a detumbling maneuver and a nutation canceling maneuver. The two maneuvers are the minimum time maneuvers for spherically constrained maximum torque. These maneuvers are simple and elegant, as they reduce the control of the three degrees-of-freedom nonlinear rotational motion to a single degree-of-freedom linear problem. Furthermore, the complete (both for the dynamics and for the kinematics) and exact analytic solutions are found for the two maneuvers. An extended survey is reported in the introduction of the paper of the few cases where the rotation of a rigid body is fully reduced to an exact analytic solution in closed form. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD APR-MAY PY 2010 VL 66 IS 7-8 BP 989 EP 998 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.09.015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 561FX UT WOS:000274962400003 ER PT J AU Wheeler, B AF Wheeler, Brannon TI The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wheeler, Brannon] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 2010 VL 115 IS 2 BP 503 EP 504 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 584TV UT WOS:000276776900021 ER PT J AU Stevens, K Phinney, S Graybill, C Gillern, S Salifu, MO Jindal, RM Brown, TS Elster, EA AF Stevens, Kristin Phinney, Samuel Graybill, Christopher Gillern, Suzanne Salifu, Moro O. Jindal, Rahul M. Brown, Trevor S. Elster, Eric A. TI Bayesian Modeling of the United States Renal Data System Pre-Transplant Variables Accurately Predicts Graft Survival SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Stevens, Kristin; Phinney, Samuel; Graybill, Christopher; Gillern, Suzanne; Brown, Trevor S.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Salifu, Moro O.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Transplant Program, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Phinney, Samuel; Graybill, Christopher; Gillern, Suzanne; Jindal, Rahul M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Transplant Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stevens, Kristin] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 SU 4 SI SI BP 369 EP 369 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 573NX UT WOS:000275921702567 ER PT J AU Anam, K Zins, SR Amare, MF Davis, TA AF Anam, Khairul Zins, Stephen R. Amare, Mihret F. Davis, Thomas A. TI Infusion of Lin-Bone Marrow Cells Results in Multilineage Macrochimerism and Skin Allograft Tolerance in Minimally Conditioned Recipient Mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 01-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Anam, Khairul; Zins, Stephen R.; Amare, Mihret F.; Davis, Thomas A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 SU 4 SI SI BP 554 EP 554 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 573NX UT WOS:000275921703510 ER PT J AU Forshey, BM Stewart, A Morrison, AC Galvez, H Rocha, C Astete, H Eza, D Chen, HW Chao, CC Montgomery, JM Bentzel, DE Ching, WM Kochel, TJ AF Forshey, Brett M. Stewart, Allison Morrison, Amy C. Galvez, Hugo Rocha, Claudio Astete, Helvio Eza, Dominique Chen, Hua-Wei Chao, Chien-Chung Montgomery, Joel M. Bentzel, David E. Ching, Wei-Mei Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Epidemiology of Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsial Infection in the Amazon Basin of Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID THAI-MYANMAR BORDER; ENDEMIC AREA; CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SAO-PAULO; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; NORTHERN PERU; MINAS-GERAIS; CASE SERIES; PREVALENCE AB A seroprevalence study for IgG antibodies against spotted fever group (SFGR) and typhus group (TGR) Rickettsia among humans and domestic pets was conducted in the city of Iquitos, located in the Amazon basin of Peru. Of 1,195 human sera analyzed, 521 (43.6%) and 123 (10.3%) were positive for SFGR and TGR antibodies, respectively. District of residence and participant age were associated with antibody positivity for both groups, whereas rodent sightings in the home were associated with TGR antibody positivity. Of the 71 canines tested, 42 (59.2%) were positive for SFGR antibodies, and two (2.8%) were positive for TGR antibodies; one active SFGR infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction. An uncharacterized SFGR species was detected in 95.9% (71/74) of Ctenocephalides fells pools collected from domestic pets. These data suggest that rickettsial transmission is widespread in Iquitos. Rickettsia species should be further explored as potential causes of acute febrile illnesses in the region. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Vet Invest Trop & Altura, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kochel, TJ (reprint author), 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM tad.kochel@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011 FU DIRESA-Loreto; United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX We thank Carolina Guevara, Cristhopher Cruz, Vidal Felices. Roger Castillo, and Alfredo Huaman for support in the laboratory. Jonathon Sturgis for technical support in the field, and Rebeca Carrion for coordination of field personnel. We thank Paul Graf for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank the local health authorities. including DIRESA-Loreto, for their support of this and other ongoing studies.; This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, WORK UNIT NUMBER: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. The sponsor had no role in this study other than providing funding. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0355 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577JR UT WOS:000276219700030 PM 20348519 ER PT J AU Schreiner, SM Shudy, DF Hatch, AL Opdahl, A Whitman, LJ Petrovykh, DY AF Schreiner, Sarah M. Shudy, David F. Hatch, Anna L. Opdahl, Aric Whitman, Lloyd J. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. TI Controlled and Efficient Hybridization Achieved with DNA Probes Immobilized Solely through Preferential DNA-Substrate Interactions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MIXED DNA/ALKYLTHIOL MONOLAYERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GOLD SURFACES; FILMS; MICROARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION AB Quantitative and reproducible data can be obtained from surface-based DNA sensors if variations in the conformation and surface density of immobilized single-stranded DNA capture probes are minimized. Both the conformation and surface density can be independently and deterministically controlled by taking advantage of the preferential adsorption of adenine nucleotides (dA) on gold, as previously demonstrated using a model system in Opdahl, A.; Petrovykh, D. Y.; Kimura-Suda, H.; Tarlov, M. J.; Whitman, L. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007, 104, 9-14. Here, we describe the immobilization and subsequent hybridization properties of a 15-nucleotide DNA probe sequence that has additional m adenine nucleotides, (dA)(m), at the 5' end. Quantitative analysis of immobilization and hybridization for these probes indicates that the (dA)(m) block preferentially adsorbs on gold, forcing the probe portion of the strand to adopt an upright conformation suited for efficient hybridization. In addition, a wide range of probe-to-probe lateral spacing can be achieved by coimmobilizing the probe DNA with a lateral spacer, a strand of k adenine nucleotides, (dA)(k). Altering either the length or relative concentration of the (dA)(k) spacers added during probe immobilization controls the average surface density of probes; the density of probes, in turn, systematically modulates their hybridization with solution targets. C1 [Schreiner, Sarah M.; Shudy, David F.; Hatch, Anna L.; Opdahl, Aric] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Whitman, Lloyd J.; Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Opdahl, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM opdahl.aric@uwlax.edu; dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 FU Research Corporation. Research at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Research at UW La Crosse was supported by an award from Research Corporation. Research at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A.O. thanks B. P. Nelson for advice on SPR measurements. D.Y.P. thanks T. D. Clark (NRL) for stimulating discussions of DNA properties. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2803 EP 2810 DI 10.1021/ac902765g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 574PM UT WOS:000276004000030 PM 20196546 ER PT J AU Dharmasiri, U Witek, MA Adams, AA Osiri, JK Hupert, ML Bianchi, TS Roelke, DL Soper, SA AF Dharmasiri, Udara Witek, Malgorzata A. Adams, Andre A. Osiri, John K. Hupert, Mateusz L. Bianchi, Thomas S. Roelke, Daniel L. Soper, Steven A. TI Enrichment and Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Water Samples Using an Antibody Modified Microfluidic Chip SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; DRINKING-WATER; O157-H7; ENUMERATION; STRAINS; TOXIN; AMPLIFICATION; BEACHES; CAPTURE; DEVICE AB Low abundant (<100 cells mL(-1)) E. coli O157:H7 cells were isolated and enriched from environmental water samples using a microfluidic chip. The poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA, chip contained 8 devices, each equipped with 16 curvilinear high aspect ratio channels that were covalently decorated with polyclonal anti-O157 antibodies (pAb) and could search for rare cells through a pAb mediated process. The chip could process independently 8 different samples or one sample using 8 different parallel inputs to increase volume processing throughput. After cell enrichment, cells were released and enumerated using benchtop real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting genes which effectively discriminated the 0157:H7 serotype from other nonpathogenic bacteria. The recovery of target cells from water samples was determined to be similar to 72%, and the limit-of-detection was found to be 6 colony forming units (cfu) using the slt1 gene as a reporter. We subsequently performed analysis of lake and wastewater samples. The simplicity in manufacturing and ease of operation makes this device attractive for the selection of pathogenic species from a variety of water supplies suspected of containing bacterial pathogens at extremely low frequencies. C1 [Dharmasiri, Udara; Witek, Malgorzata A.; Osiri, John K.; Hupert, Mateusz L.; Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Biomodular Multiscale Syst, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Dharmasiri, Udara; Witek, Malgorzata A.; Adams, Andre A.; Osiri, John K.; Hupert, Mateusz L.; Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Adams, Andre A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bianchi, Thomas S.; Roelke, Daniel L.] 3146 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roelke, Daniel L.] 3146 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Soper, Steven A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Soper, SA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Biomodular Multiscale Syst, 8000 GSRI Rd,Bldg 3100, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM chsope@lsu.edu RI Roelke, Daniel/B-5766-2008; OI Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X FU National Institutes of Health [1R33-CA09924601]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0346411]; State of Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; U.S. Department of Energy; Texas Sea Grant [NA06OAR4170076] FX We thank the National Institutes of Health (1R33-CA09924601) for partial support of this work. This work was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation (EPS-0346411), the State of Louisiana Board of Regents Support Fund, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Congressional funding through the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Texas Sea Grant (NA06OAR4170076). We thank Mr. Jason Guy for preparing the molding tool, Dr. Proyag Datta from the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices at LSU for replicating the microfluidic devices, and Ms. Sarah Cooley-Jones from Water Quality Lab at the Civil & Environmental Engineering Department at LSU for assistance in bacterial culturing. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2844 EP 2849 DI 10.1021/ac100323k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 574PM UT WOS:000276004000035 PM 20218574 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Tanen, DA Lairet, J Dixon, PS Valtier, S Bush, A AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Tanen, David A. Lairet, Julio Dixon, Patricia S. Valtier, Sandra Bush, Anneke TI Hydroxocobalamin and Sodium Thiosulfate Versus Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in the Treatment of Acute Cyanide Toxicity in a Swine (Sus scrofa) Model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CARE MEDICINE; NEONATAL SEPTIC SHOCK; SMOKE-INHALATION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; GUINEA-PIGS; INTOXICATION; ASSOCIATION; PHYSICIANS; SURVIVAL; SEPSIS AB Study objective: Cyanide can cause severe hypotension with acute toxicity. To our knowledge, no study has directly compared hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate in an acute cyanide toxicity model. Our objective is to compare the return to baseline of mean arterial blood pressure between 2 groups of swine with acute cyanide toxicity and treated with hydroxocobalamin with sodium thiosulfate or sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate. Methods: Twenty-four swine were intubated, anesthetized, and instrumented (continuous arterial and cardiac output monitoring) and then intoxicated with a continuous cyanide infusion until severe hypotension. The animals were divided into 2 arms of 12 each and then randomly assigned to intravenous hydroxocobalamin (150 mg/kg)+sodium thiosulfate (413 mg/kg) or sodium nitrite (10 mg/kg)+sodium thiosulfate (413 mg/kg) and monitored for 40 minutes after start of antidotal infusion. Twenty animals were needed for 80% power to detect a significant difference in outcomes (alpha 0.05). Repeated measures of analysis of covariance and post hoc t test were used for determining significance. Results: Baseline mean weights, time to hypotension (31 minutes 3 seconds versus 28 minutes 6 seconds), and cyanide dose at hypotension (5.6 versus 5.9 mg/kg) were similar. One animal in the hydroxocobalamin group and 2 animals in the sodium nitrite group died during antidote infusion and were excluded from analysis. Hydroxocobalamin resulted in a faster return to baseline mean arterial pressure, with improvement beginning at 5 minutes and lasting through the conclusion of the study (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between groups for cardiac output, pulse rate, systemic vascular resistance, or mortality at 40 minutes postintoxication. Mean cyanide blood levels (4.03 versus 4.05 mu g/mL) and lactate levels (peak 7.9 versus 8.1 mmol/L) at hypotension were similar. Lactate levels (5.1 versus 4.48 mmol/L), pH (7.40 versus 7.37), and base excess (-0.75 versus 1.27) at 40 minutes were also similar. Conclusion: Hydroxocobalamin with sodium thiosulfate led to a faster return to baseline mean arterial pressure compared with sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate; however, there was no difference between the antidote combinations in mortality, serum acidosis, or serum lactate. [Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55:345-351.] C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.; Valtier, Sandra; Bush, Anneke] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Lairet, Julio] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Tanen, David A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com FU US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General FX Funding and support: By Annals policy, all authors are required to disclose any and all commercial, financial, and other relationships in any way related to the subject of this article that might create any potential conflict of interest. See the Manuscript Submission Agreement in this issue for examples of specific conflicts covered by this statement. The US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General funded this study. No other funding was used. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.09.020 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 582XL UT WOS:000276633700009 PM 19944487 ER PT J AU Tan, LT Holthoff, WG Steves, JM Bright, FV AF Tan, Loraine T. Holthoff, William G. Steves, Jordan M. Bright, Frank V. TI Probe-Dependent Microenvironments Within Biodegradable Films Formed from Poly(L-Lactic Acid) and Pluronic 104 SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Biodegradable polymers; Poly(L-lactic acid); Pluronic P104 ID L-LACTIC ACID; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; DRUG-DELIVERY; FLUORESCENCE; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; BLENDS AB We report on the local microenvironment surrounding three small fluorescent probe molecules (pyrene, [6-propiony1-2-(N, N-dimethylamino) naphthalene] (PRODAN), and [4-) dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran] (DCM) when they are sequestered at low concentration within thin biodegradable films formed from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Pluronic P104 blends. Despite each probe molecule being neutral, they sense and report from much different microenvironments in comparison to each other. Specifically, the non-polar pyrene probe senses a slightly more polar microenvironment as the PLLA content in the polymer blend increases. In contrast, the polar PRODAN and DCM probes sense less polar microenvironments as the PLLA content within the polymer blend increases. Time-resolved fluorescence intensity decay experiments on pure PLLA films reveal that each probe molecule encounters significant heterogeneity. Pyretic emits simultaneously, from three discrete microenvironments. This is consistent with pyrene molecules reporting from crystalline, amorphous-crystalline intermediate, and amorphous regions. PRODAN and DCM appear to emit from a continuum or microenvironments. These results have ramifications on the performance of biodegradable drug delivery platforms loaded with small drug molecules. C1 [Steves, Jordan M.; Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tan, Loraine T.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Holthoff, William G.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div Code Q22, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Bright, FV (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM chefvb@buffalo.edu OI Bright, Frank/0000-0002-1500-5969 FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (NSF IGERT) in Biophotonics; National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases; Gerald A. Sterbutzel Fund; John R. Oishei Foundation. FX This research was generously supported by the National Science Foundation, the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (NSF IGERT) in Biophotonics, the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, the Gerald A. Sterbutzel Fund, and the John R. Oishei Foundation. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 587OD UT WOS:000277001200001 PM 20412618 ER PT J AU Eitelberg, MJ AF Eitelberg, Mark J. TI I Want You! The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Eitelberg, Mark J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Eitelberg, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1177/0095327X09356258 PG 5 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 571GF UT WOS:000275739100010 ER PT J AU Seroyer, ST Nho, SJ Provencher, MT Romeo, AA AF Seroyer, Shane T. Nho, Shane J. Provencher, Matthew T. Romeo, Anthony A. TI Four-Quadrant Approach to Capsulolabral Repair: An Arthroscopic Road Map to the Glenoid SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SHOULDER ARTHROSCOPY; PORTALS; LESION AB Advancing technology, improved instrumentation, and a desire to address intra-articular pathology with a minimally invasive approach have driven the expansion of arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the past 2 decades. Proponents cite greatly improved visualization, lack of the need to perform a capsulotomy, fewer subscapularis issues postoperatively, and improved access to the entire glenohumeral joint. Our understanding and recognition of glenohumeral joint pathology have improved, and our ability to appropriately treat it has also improved. Aside from the anteroinferior and superior capsulolabral injury, orthopaedic surgeons have encountered and are able to address combined lesions, posterior labral tears, 270 degrees to 360 degrees labral tears, capsular laxity, humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments, associated glenoid or humeral bone loss, and partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. To adequately address the extent of pathology encountered in a shoulder instability case, access to the inferior, posteroinferior, and posterior aspects is necessary. In this technical article we present a simplified approach using safe access points by dividing the glenohumeral joint into 4 quadrants that allows for ease of instrumentation and implant placement. This will provide a blueprint for the treatment of capsulolabral injuries. In addition to portal selection and location, we will discuss several instruments we believe are advantageous in tissue manipulation and suture management. C1 [Seroyer, Shane T.; Nho, Shane J.; Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Shoulder & Elbow Surg, Div Sports Med,Dept Orthoped Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Nho, SJ (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Shoulder & Elbow Surg, Div Sports Med,Dept Orthoped Surg, 1725 W Harrison St,Ste 1063, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM sjaynho@rushortho.com OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 555 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.09.019 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 577YU UT WOS:000276260700022 PM 20362838 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Corbet, R DeCesar, ME Dermer, CD Desvignes, G de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hays, E Hobbs, G Horan, D Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Corbet, R. DeCesar, M. E. Dermer, C. D. Desvignes, G. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hobbs, G. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI DISCOVERY OF PULSED gamma-RAYS FROM PSR J0034-0534 WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: A CASE FOR CO-LOCATED RADIO AND gamma-RAY EMISSION REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J0034-0534) ID MILLISECOND PULSARS; LIGHT CURVES; GIANT PULSES; CRAB PULSAR; SLOT GAPS; RADIATION; GEOMETRY; SEARCH AB Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have been firmly established as a class of gamma-ray emitters via the detection of pulsations above 0.1 GeV from eight MSPs by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Using 13 months of LAT data, significant gamma-ray pulsations at the radio period have been detected from the MSP PSR J0034-0534, making it the ninth clear MSP detection by the LAT. The gamma-ray light curve shows two peaks separated by 0.274 +/- 0.015 in phase which are very nearly aligned with the radio peaks, a phenomenon seen only in the Crab pulsar until now. The >= 0.1 GeV spectrum of this pulsar is well fit by an exponentially cutoff power law with a cutoff energy of 1.8 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.1 GeV and a photon index of 1.5 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.1, first errors are statistical and second are systematic. The near-alignment of the radio and gamma-ray peaks strongly suggests that the radio and gamma-ray emission regions are co-located and both are the result of caustic formation. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Roth, M.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Reimer, A.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Corbet, R.; DeCesar, M. E.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Corbet, R.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Corbet, R.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [DeCesar, M. E.; Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeCesar, M. E.; Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Espinoza, C.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Noutsos, A.; Stappers, B. W.; Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Freire, P. C. C.; Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hobbs, G.; Johnston, S.; Manchester, R. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Razzano, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ahardingx@yahoo.com; Tyrel.J.Johnson@nasa.gov; Christo.Venter@nwu.ac.za RI Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; FU Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON FX The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON. NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 2 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/2/957 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 569KF UT WOS:000275594600016 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Kochanek, CS Morgan, ND Falco, EE AF Morgan, Christopher W. Kochanek, C. S. Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. TI THE QUASAR ACCRETION DISK SIZE-BLACK HOLE MASS RELATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; dark matter; gravitational lensing: micro; gravitational lensing: strong; quasars: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; NON-LTE MODELS; TIME-DELAY; PG 1115+080; X-RAY; FE-II; MICROLENSING VARIABILITY; THEORETICAL SPECTRA; CONTINUUM EMISSION AB We use the microlensing variability observed for 11 gravitationally lensed quasars to show that the accretion disk size at a rest-frame wavelength of 2500 angstrom is related to the black hole mass by log(R-2500/cm) = (15.78 +/- 0.12) + (0.80 +/- 0.17) log(M-BH/10(9) M-circle dot). This scaling is consistent with the expectation from thin-disk theory (R proportional to M-BH(2/3) ), but when interpreted in terms of the standard thin-disk model (T proportional to R-3/4), it implies that black holes radiate with very low efficiency, log(eta) = -1.77 +/- 0.29 + log(L/L-E), where eta = L/((M) over dotc(2)). Only by making the maximum reasonable shifts in the average inclination, Eddington factors, and black hole masses can we raise the efficiency estimate to be marginally consistent with typical efficiency estimates (eta approximate to 10%). With one exception, these sizes are larger by a factor of similar to 4 than the size needed to produce the observed 0.8 mu m quasar flux by thermal radiation from a thin disk with the same T proportional to R-3/4 temperature profile. While scattering a significant fraction of the disk emission on large scales or including a large fraction of contaminating line emission can reduce the size discrepancy, resolving it also appears to require that accretion disks have flatter temperature/surface brightness profiles. C1 [Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, Nicholas D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cmorgan@usna.edu; ckochanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; nmorgan@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [HST-GO-9744, NAS-5-26666]; National Science Foundation [AST 0907848]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement FX We thank O. Blaes, E. Agol, M. Dietrich, C. Onken, B. Peterson, M. Pinsonneault, R. Pogge, and P. Osmer for discussions on quasar structure and M. Mortonson, S. Poindexter, S. Rappaport, and P. Schechter for discussions on microlensing. We also thank the anonymous referee for valuable suggestions, particularly in the expansion of our discussion of radiative efficiencies. This research made extensive use of a Beowulf computer cluster obtained through the Cluster Ohio program of the Ohio Supercomputer Center. Support for program HST-GO-9744 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS-5-26666. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST 0907848. This research was also supported by an award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. NR 82 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 2 BP 1129 EP 1136 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/2/1129 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 569KF UT WOS:000275594600030 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, B Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Belfiore, A Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gwon, C Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Kanai, Y Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Watters, K Winer, BL Wolff, MT Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Belfiore, A. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gwon, C. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Kanai, Y. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wolff, M. T. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF PSR J1836+5925 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J1836+5925) ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; SOURCE 3EG J1835+5918; TIME-DIFFERENCING TECHNIQUE; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; LIGHT CURVES; CRAB PULSAR; VELA PULSAR; XMM-NEWTON; POLAR-CAP; RADIO AB The discovery of the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1836+5925, powering the formerly unidentified EGRET source 3EG J1835+5918, was one of the early accomplishments of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Sitting 25 degrees off the Galactic plane, PSR J1836+5925 is a 173 ms pulsar with a characteristic age of 1.8 million years, a spindown luminosity of 1.1 x 10(34) erg s(-1), and a large off-peak (OP) emission component, making it quite unusual among the known gamma-ray pulsar population. We present an analysis of one year of LAT data, including an updated timing solution, detailed spectral results, and a long-term light curve showing no indication of variability. No evidence for a surrounding pulsar wind nebula is seen and the spectral characteristics of the OP emission indicate it is likely magnetospheric. Analysis of recent XMM-Newton observations of the X-ray counterpart yields a detailed characterization of its spectrum, which, like Geminga, is consistent with that of a neutron star showing evidence for both magnetospheric and thermal emission. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Grove, J. E.; Gwon, C.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, B.; Belfiore, A.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, B.; Belfiore, A.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Belfiore, A.; Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Belfiore, A.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Teor & Nucl DENT, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Torres, D. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Torres, D. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kanai, Y.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Marelli, M.] Univ Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.; Vitale, V.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rea, N.] Sterrenkundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nkawai@phys.titech.ac.jp; olr@slac.stanford.edu RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012 OI Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT and scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d' Etudes Spatiales in France.; The GBT is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.; This work is partly based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 2 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/2/1209 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 569KF UT WOS:000275594600037 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Corbet, R Cutini, S den Hartog, PR Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gotthelf, EV Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gwon, C Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Kanbach, G Kaspi, VM Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kramer, M Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Livingstone, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Madejski, GM Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mineo, T Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Razzano, M Rea, N Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Starck, JL Striani, E Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Wang, N Watters, K Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Corbet, R. Cutini, S. den Hartog, P. R. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gotthelf, E. V. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gwon, C. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Kanbach, G. Kaspi, V. M. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kramer, M. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Livingstone, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mineo, T. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Rea, N. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Starck, J. -L. Striani, E. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wang, N. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI THE FIRST FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; stars: neutron ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT G292.0+1.8; EGRET ERROR BOXES; TIME-DIFFERENCING TECHNIQUE; ROTATING NEUTRON STARS; SOURCE 3EG J2227+6122; GREEN-BANK-TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; X-RAY; MILLISECOND PULSARS; RADIO PULSARS AB The dramatic increase in the number of known gamma-ray pulsars since the launch of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST) offers the first opportunity to study a sizable population of these high-energy objects. This catalog summarizes 46 high-confidence pulsed detections using the first six months of data taken by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), Fermi's main instrument. Sixteen previously unknown pulsars were discovered by searching for pulsed signals at the positions of bright gamma-ray sources seen with the LAT, or at the positions of objects suspected to be neutron stars based on observations at other wavelengths. The dimmest observed flux among these gamma-ray-selected pulsars is 6.0 x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1) (for E > 100 MeV). Pulsed gamma-ray emission was discovered from 24 known pulsars by using ephemerides (timing solutions) derived from monitoring radio pulsars. Eight of these new gamma-ray pulsars are millisecond pulsars. The dimmest observed flux among the radio-selected pulsars is 1.4 x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1) (for E > 100 MeV). The remaining six gamma-ray pulsars were known since the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory mission, or before. The limiting flux for pulse detection is non-uniform over the sky owing to different background levels, especially near the Galactic plane. The pulsed energy spectra can be described by a power law with an exponential cutoff, with cutoff energies in the range similar to 1-5 GeV. The rotational energy-loss rate ((E) over dot) of these neutron stars spans five decades, from similar to 3 x 10(33) erg s(-1) to 5 x 10(38) erg s(-1), and the apparent efficiencies for conversion to gammaray emission range from similar to 0.1% to similar to unity, although distance uncertainties complicate efficiency estimates. The pulse shapes show substantial diversity, but roughly 75% of the gamma-ray pulse profiles have two peaks, separated by greater than or similar to 0.2 of rotational phase. For most of the pulsars, gamma-ray emission appears to come mainly from the outer magnetosphere, while polar-cap emission remains plausible for a remaining few. Spatial associations imply that many of these pulsars power pulsar wind nebulae. Finally, these discoveries suggest that gamma-ray-selected young pulsars are born at a rate comparable to that of their radio-selected cousins and that the birthrate of all young gamma-ray-detected pulsars is a substantial fraction of the expected Galactic supernova rate. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Gwon, C.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CEA Saclay,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; Charles, E.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; Charles, E.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; Charles, E.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. 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[Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. 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W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kaspi, V. M.; Livingstone, M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Mineo, T.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Morselli, A.; Striani, E.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Rea, N.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Rea, N.] Sterrenkundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Striani, E.; Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Wang, N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrea.caliandro@ba.infn.it; elizabeth.c.ferrara@nasa.gov; parent@cenbg.in2p3.fr; rwr@astro.stanford.edu RI Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; Commonwealth Government FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges the generous support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the Fermi-LAT Collaboration. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. The Parkes Radio Telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Green Bank Telescope is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC), a national research center operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON. NR 167 TC 308 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2010 VL 187 IS 2 BP 460 EP 494 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/187/2/460 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 585QJ UT WOS:000276841500007 ER PT J AU Hyer, EJ Chew, BN AF Hyer, Edward J. Chew, Boon Ning TI Aerosol transport model evaluation of an extreme smoke episode in Southeast Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning; Fire; Malaysia; Indonesia; Singapore; Aerosol; Aerosol transport modeling; Aerosol modeling; Emissions modeling; Smoke; Smoke emissions; Sumatra; Borneo ID ACTIVE FIRE PRODUCT; FORECAST MODEL; COVER CHANGE; MODIS; INDONESIA; FOREST; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS; IMAGERY; BORNEO AB Biomass burning is one of many sources of particulate pollution in Southeast Asia, but its irregular spatial and temporal patterns mean that large episodes can cause acute air quality problems in urban areas. Fires in Sumatra and Borneo during September and October 2006 contributed to 24-h mean PM10 concentrations above 150 mu g m(-3) at multiple locations in Singapore and Malaysia over several days. We use the FLAMBE model of biomass burning emissions and the NAAPS model of aerosol transport and evolution to simulate these events, and compare our simulation results to 24-h average PM10 measurements from 54 stations in Singapore and Malaysia. The model simulation, including the FLAMBE smoke source as well as dust, sulfate, and sea salt aerosol species, was able to explain 50% or more of the variance in 24-h PM10 observations at 29 of 54 sites. Simulation results indicated that biomass burning smoke contributed to nearly all of the extreme PM10 observations during September November 2006, but the exact contribution of smoke was unclear because the model severely underestimated total smoke emissions. Using regression analysis at each site, the bias in the smoke aerosol flux was determined to be a factor of between 2.5 and 10, and an overall factor of 3.5 was estimated. After application of this factor, the simulated smoke aerosol concentration averaged 20% of observed PM10, and 40% of PM10 for days with 24-h average concentrations above 150 mu g m(-3). These results suggest that aerosol transport models can aid analysis of severe pollution events in Southeast Asia, but that improvements are needed in models of biomass burning smoke emissions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chew, Boon Ning] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Hyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ehyer@ucar.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Chew, Boon Ning/M-2405-2016 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Chew, Boon Ning/0000-0002-2933-7788 FU Office of Naval Research; Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR) of Singapore FX Most of this research was completed during a CRISP visit to the Naval Research Laboratory, which was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank Singapore's National Environment Agency and Malaysia's Department of Environment for collecting and archiving the surface air quality data. Mr Chew Boon Ning would like to thank the Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR) of Singapore for financial support. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 SI SI BP 1422 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.043 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 584FO UT WOS:000276736600005 ER PT J AU Simmons, RG Phillips, JB Lojewski, RA Wang, ZW Boyd, JL Putcha, L AF Simmons, Rita G. Phillips, Jeffrey B. Lojewski, Renee A. Wang, Zuwei Boyd, Jason L. Putcha, Lakshmi TI The Efficacy of Low-Dose Intranasal Scopolamine for Motion Sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE motion sickness; Coriolis cross-coupling; clinical trials ID BIOAVAILABILITY; PERFORMANCE; TESTS AB SIMMONS RG, PHILLIPS JB, LOJEWSKI RA, WANG Z, BOYD JL, PUTCHA L. The efficacy of low-dose intranasal scopolamine for motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:405-12. Introduction: Scopolamine is an effective motion sickness prophylactic, but oral and transdermal formulations are slowly absorbed. To enhance absorption and potentially efficacy, an intranasal formulation of scopolamine (INSCOP) was tested. Method: There were 16 motion sickness susceptible subjects with an average age of 23.5 +/- 3.0 yr and an average score 11.3 +/- 4.7 on the Modified Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire-Short Form who volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject was given 0.4 mg of INSCOP and a placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover design and, at 40 min post-dose, experienced Coriolis cross-coupling in a staircase progression until moderate nausea. Efficacy data and cognitive, physiological, and alertness assessments were collected during baseline control and throughout experimental testing. Results: Intranasal scopolamine significantly increased the mean number of head movements tolerated [INSCOP 275.9 +/- 120.5, Placebo 230.7 +/- 76.4; t (15) = 2.21]. Estimation of medication absorption via plasma concentration indicated the drug was absorbed relatively rapidly to measurable levels by 15 min post-administration. Diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were significantly lower after administration of INSCOP compared to placebo. No significant cognitive or medication side effects were reported. Subjects reported no significant decrease in alertness as indicated by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Conclusions: Results of the current study strongly suggest that intranasal scopolamine is efficacious for the treatment of motion sickness in susceptible individuals with no significant cognitive or sedative effects. Intranasal delivery offers a promising alternative for use in dynamic operational environments without cognitive detriment or increased side effects. C1 [Simmons, Rita G.; Phillips, Jeffrey B.; Lojewski, Renee A.; Wang, Zuwei; Boyd, Jason L.; Putcha, Lakshmi] USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Simmons, RG (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 280 Fred Bauer St,Bldg 1811, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM rita.simmons@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [70702] FX The project was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research, Force Health Protection Program. (Work Unit Number: 70702). NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2668.2010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 577VJ UT WOS:000276251800008 PM 20377145 ER PT J AU Auten, JD Kuhne, MA Walker, HM Porter, HO AF Auten, Jonathan D. Kuhne, Michael A. Walker, Harlan M., II Porter, Henry O. TI Neurologic Decompression Sickness Following Cabin Pressure Fluctuations at High Altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression illness; type II decompression sickness; neurological symptoms; aviation related; rapid decompression; in-flight decompression ID CHAMBER; ILLNESS; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; RISK AB AUTEN JD, KUHNE MA, WALKER II HM, PORTER HO. Neurologic decompression sickness following cabin pressure fluctuations at high altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:427-30. Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs in diving, altitude chamber exposures, and unpressurized or depressurized high-altitude flights. Because DCS takes many forms, in-flight cases may be misinterpreted as hypoxia, hyperventilation, or viral illness, with resulting failure to respond appropriately. In this case, a 28-yr-old male pilot of a single-seat, tactical aircraft experienced 12 rapid pressure fluctuations while flying at 43,000 ft above sea level. He had no symptoms and decided to complete the flight, which required an additional 2 h in the air. Approximately 1 h later he began to experience fatigue, lightheadedness, and confusion, which he interpreted as onset of a viral illness. However, symptoms progressed to visual, cognitive, motor, and sensory degradations and it was with some difficulty that he landed safely at his destination. Neurologic DCS was suspected on initial evaluation by flight line medical personnel because of the delayed onset and symptom progression. He was transferred to a local Emergency Department and noted to have altered mental status, asymmetric motor deficits, and nondermatomal paresthesias of the upper and lower extremities. Approximately 3.5 h after the incident and 2.5 h after the onset of symptoms he began hyperbaric oxygen therapy. He received partial relief at 30 min of the Navy Dive Table 6 and full resolution at 90 min; there were no recurrent symptoms at a 1-yr follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of in-flight DCS symptoms and landing as soon as possible rather than as soon as practical in all likely scenarios. C1 [Auten, Jonathan D.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Dept Neurol, Inst Aviat Med, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Auten, JD (reprint author), USN, Emergency Dept, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jdauten@gmail.com NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2406.2010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 577VJ UT WOS:000276251800012 PM 20377149 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL Smith, DC AF Montgomery, Michael T. Boyd, Thomas J. Osburn, Christopher L. Smith, David C. TI PAH mineralization and bacterial organotolerance in surface sediments of the Charleston Harbor estuary SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Naphthalene; Organotolerance; Bacterial production; SVOC; PAH mineralization ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLVENT-TOLERANCE; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; UNATTACHED BACTERIA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ACTIVE EFFLUX; FATTY-ACIDS AB Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in estuarine waters can adversely affect biota but watershed sources can be difficult to identify because these compounds are transient. Natural bacterial assemblages may respond to chronic, episodic exposure to SVOCs through selection of more organotolerant bacterial communities. We measured bacterial production, organotolerance and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mineralization in Charleston Harbor and compared surface sediment from stations near a known, permitted SVOC outfall (pulp mill effluent) to that from more pristine stations. Naphthalene additions inhibited an average of 77% of bacterial metabolism in sediments from the more pristine site (Wando River). Production in sediments nearest the outfall was only inhibited an average of 9% and in some cases, was actually stimulated. In general, the stations with the highest rates of bacterial production also were among those with the highest rates of PAH mineralization. This suggests that the capacity to mineralize PAH carbon is a common feature amongst the bacterial assemblage in these estuarine sediments and could account for an average of 5.6% of bacterial carbon demand (in terms of production) in the summer, 3.3% in the spring (April) and only 1.2% in winter (December). C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, David C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.montgomery@nrl.navy.mil RI Smith, David/A-8309-2013; OI Smith, David/0000-0003-0627-5788; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001403WX20068]; NRL Shiptime Program FX The authors thank the crews of the R/V Cape Hatteras for assistance in sampling the Charleston Harbor. Julia (Steele) Tsakumis and Dawn Castle provided technical assistance and sample processing. Site support was provided by Matthew A. Hunt, P. E. at Naval Facilities Engineering Command, South Division. This manuscript was formatted for publication by Angela DeLozier and improved by technical comments from Jason Speicher and Robert LaMontagne and two annonymous reviewers. Research funding was provided by Linda Chrisey at the Office of Naval Research ( to MTM and DCS) Contract # N0001403WX20068 and the NRL Shiptime Program ( to TJB). This work was not funded by any commercial industry ( such as the paper mill) in the sampled region. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 EI 1572-9729 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10532-009-9298-3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 561DO UT WOS:000274956100009 PM 19760111 ER PT J AU Watson, R Woodman, R Lockette, W AF Watson, Rex Woodman, Ryan Lockette, Warren TI Ephedra alkaloids inhibit platelet aggregation SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE alpha-2 adrenergic receptor; amphetamine; ephedrine; hemorrhage; phenylpropanolamine; stroke; sympathomimetics ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES; PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE; EPINEPHRINE; DRUGS; ACTIVATION; RESERPINE; RECEPTORS; RESPONSES; STROKE AB Sympathomimetics, such as Ephedra alkaloids, are associated with an increased incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage believed to be secondary to concomitant elevations in blood pressure. We hypothesized that sympathomimetics decrease platelet aggregation. Reductions in epinephrine-mediated platelet aggregation by ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and racemic amphetamine were determined by measuring the changes that these sympathomimetics induced in the optical density of platelet-rich plasma from healthy individuals. Intracellular signal transduction was followed ex vivo by assaying the release of intracellular cyclic AMP and the ligand for the cytokine chemoreceptor 5 (RANTES) into platelet rich plasma. The effect of ephedrine on epinephrine-mediated increases in platelet selectin (CD62p) activation was assessed with flow cytometry. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of variance. Aggregation responses to epinephrine were greatly reduced in the presence of commonly used sympathomimetics such as ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and racemic amphetamine that have been found in cold remedies, appetite suppressants, or used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, respectively. Ephedrine diminished aggregation responses to ADP and g-thrombin, and this sympathomimetic reduced RANTES exocytosis, basal CD62p expression, and aggregation in platelets exposed to caffeine. Caffeine enhanced the effect of ephedrine on platelet function, and phenylpropanolamine amplified the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation. Sympathomimetics significantly alter platelet function, and they may increase the potential for bleeding independently of their effects on blood pressure. Despite restrictions imposed on their use, the consumption of sympathomimetics should be considered when any patient presents with findings of cerebral hemorrhage. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 21:266-271 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Watson, Rex; Woodman, Ryan; Lockette, Warren] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 94134 USA. [Watson, Rex] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Woodman, Ryan; Lockette, Warren] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lockette, Warren] Univ Michigan, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Mail Code KCA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 94134 USA. EM warren.lockette@med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-5235 EI 1473-5733 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1097/MBC.0b013e328337b39f PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 585OY UT WOS:000276836900012 PM 20179577 ER PT J AU Luca, F Stanica, P Togbe, A AF Luca, Florian Stanica, Pantelimon Togbe, Alain TI On a Diophantine Equation of Stroeker SO BULLETIN OF THE BELGIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY-SIMON STEVIN LA English DT Article DE Diophantine equations; Elliptic Curves AB In this paper, we prove that there are infinitely many positive integers N such that the Diophantine equation (x(2) + y) (x + y(2)) = N(x - y)(3) has no nontrivial integer solution (x, y). C1 [Luca, Florian] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Togbe, Alain] Purdue Univ N Cent, Dept Math, Westville, IN 46391 USA. RP Luca, F (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu; atogbe@pnc.edu FU SEP-CONACyT [79685]; PAPIIT [100508]; NPS; Purdue University North Central FX We thank the referee for suggestions which improved the quality of the paper. Work on this paper started during a pleasant visit of F. L. and P. S. at the Mathematics Department of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid in Spring of 2008. These authors thank the people of this department for their hospitality. Research of F. L. was also supported in part by grants SEP-CONACyT 79685 and PAPIIT 100508. The second author was supported by a RIP grant from NPS. The third author was supported by Purdue University North Central. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BELGIAN MATHEMATICAL SOC TRIOMPHE PI BRUSSELS PA CP 218,01 BOULEVARD TRIOMPE, B 1050 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SN 1370-1444 J9 B BELG MATH SOC-SIM JI Bull. Belg. Math. Soc.-Simon Steven PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 623NK UT WOS:000279748000002 ER PT J AU Konek, CT Mason, BP Hooper, JP Stoltz, CA Wilkinson, J AF Konek, Christopher T. Mason, Brian P. Hooper, Joseph P. Stoltz, Chad A. Wilkinson, John TI Terahertz absorption spectra of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) polymorphs SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THZ SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; EXPLOSIVES; RAMAN; DELTA-OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; DEPENDENCE; SOLIDS; BETA AB Interest in terahertz spectroscopy of organic compounds has been driven by its potential utility as a stand-off detection technology for explosives. Much work has focused on identifying the spectral signatures of explosives compounds and understanding the molecular origin of the complex, low-frequency modes in the terahertz regime. We present distinct absorption spectra in the terahertz region for polymorphs of the secondary high explosive 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). For alpha-HMX, we couple experiments to solid-state density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations, and find excellent agreement. This work underlines the importance of careful sample preparation when examining spectra and comparing experimental work with calculations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Konek, Christopher T.; Mason, Brian P.; Hooper, Joseph P.; Stoltz, Chad A.; Wilkinson, John] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wilkinson, J (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM John.h.wilkinson@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE/NSWC FX This work was supported by an Independent Research grant from the Office of Naval Research. CTK and BPM acknowledge ASEE/NSWC postdoctoral fellowships. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Mike Kemp for helpful discussions, and Wayne Ouellette for the HMX graphics. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 489 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.042 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 571LA UT WOS:000275752100010 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Fragiadakis, D Gamache, RM AF Roland, C. M. Fragiadakis, D. Gamache, R. M. TI Elastomer-steel laminate armor SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Armor; Penetration resistance; Glass transition; Ballistic impact ID HIGH-STRAIN RATES; BALLISTIC RESISTANCE; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; TARGETS; PENETRATION; POLYUREA; IMPACT; PLATES; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB Elastomeric coatings have been found to substantially increase the ballistic limit of underlying steel substrates, with an important mechanism being the impact-induced transition of the rubber to the glassy state. A composite array of elastomer-steel panels has been found to further increase the penetration resistance; moreover, the elastomer coating itself can be a laminate structure of soft and hard materials. The requirements for the laminate to function well are that the underlying substrate retains sufficient bending stiffness for the impact to induce the transition of the polymer, which in combination with break up and dissipation of the pressure wave due to impedance mismatching, leads to large increases in ballistic penetration resistance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Fragiadakis, D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gamache, R. M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. DF thanks the National Research Council for a post-doctoral fellowship. Stimulating conversations with R. Casalini are gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD APR PY 2010 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.09.057 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 559ZB UT WOS:000274870200004 ER PT J AU Brady, RR Greenfield, VA AF Brady, Ryan R. Greenfield, Victoria A. TI COMPETING EXPLANATIONS OF US DEFENSE INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION IN THE 1990s AND THEIR POLICY IMPLICATIONS SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TESTS; 1980S AB Was the consolidation of defense industry in the 1990s driven by U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) directives, or was it driven instead by the same forces that drove consolidation in many other sectors of the U.S. economy in the 1990s? To better understand the roles of DOD policy and economy-wide forces in shaping the U.S. defense industry, we test for structural breaks in defense industry and spending data and compare our findings to those relating to other sectors and the general economy. We identify structural breaks in the defense-related data in the early 1980s and throughout the 1990s, roughly consistent with changes in the U.S. economy, including broader merger trends. Overall, our results are more consistent with the view that economy-wide factors drove defense industry consolidation, largely independent of the DOD policy changes that occurred early in the 1990s. (JEL E0, C2, H0). C1 [Brady, Ryan R.; Greenfield, Victoria A.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brady, RR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd,Mail Stop 10D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rbrady@usna.edu; rbrady@usna.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 288 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00181.x PG 19 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 573LV UT WOS:000275916300009 ER PT J AU Luke, TC Casadevall, A Watowich, SJ Hoffman, SL Beigel, JH Burgess, TH AF Luke, Thomas C. Casadevall, Arturo Watowich, Stanley J. Hoffman, Stephen L. Beigel, John H. Burgess, Timothy H. TI Hark back: Passive immunotherapy for influenza and other serious infections SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; passive; immunotherapy; convalescent; plasma; serum; immunoglobulin; antibody ID CONVALESCENT HUMAN SERUM; SARS PATIENTS; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; COMPLICATING INFLUENZA; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; SERONEGATIVE PLASMA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANTIBODY THERAPY; NEONATAL FERRETS AB The world is experiencing a pandemic of swine-origin influenza virus H1N1. A vaccine to prevent disease is now available, and millions have or will become ill before they can be vaccinated. The ability to use swine-origin influenza virus vaccines as a public health tool has been described as a "race against time." Oseltamivir and related drugs are being used in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality, but their efficacy for treating severe influenza is suboptimal, and possible wide-spread emergence of oseltamivir-resistant mutants is a concern. Another approach for prevention and treatment of serious influenza is infusion of hyperimmune plasma. The United States has thousands of licensed blood product collection centers that produce millions of liters of plasma licensed by the Food and Drug Administration on an annual basis for the treatment of serious conditions. Immunotherapy using infusion of convalescent plasma (or hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin) has been reported to be an effective treatment for severe influenza and other virulent pathogens in animal models and humans. Plasma obtained from those that have recovered or were early recipients of vaccine offers a resource for production of an immediately available and potentially effective therapy at the local, state, and national level. Past, current, and future uses of immunotherapy and current advisory body recommendations for this approach are presented. (Crit Care Med 2010; 38[Suppl.]: e66-e73) C1 [Luke, Thomas C.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry Jackson Fdn, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Casadevall, Arturo] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Watowich, Stanley J.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. [Hoffman, Stephen L.] Prot Potential LLC, Rockville, MD USA. [Beigel, John H.] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Luke, TC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry Jackson Fdn, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM thomas.luke@med.navy.mil NR 108 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 SU S BP E66 EP E73 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d44c1e PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 745EC UT WOS:000289147300009 PM 20154602 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Meehan, KJ Domankevitz, Y Trafeli, JP Annandono, J Jacoby, M AF Ross, E. Victor Meehan, Ken J. Domankevitz, Yacov Trafeli, John P. Annandono, Joelle Jacoby, Mark TI Use of a Variable Long-Pulse Alexandrite Laser in the Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LEG VEINS; ND-YAG; THERAPY; NM AB BACKGROUND The alexandrite laser selectively targets melanin and hemoglobin. We used the alexandrite laser with variable pulse widths to treat facial telangiectasia. METHODS Nineteen patients were enrolled in this study, which consisted of two parts: a series of test spots over a range of pulse durations (3-80ms) and treatment over a larger area based on the pulse width-specific outcomes from the test spots. The final follow-up visit was 12 weeks after irradiation. RESULTS The 40-ms pulse width achieved the optimal balance of pain tolerance, epidermal tolerance, and vessel reduction. Mean fluence was 88 J/cm(2), with a 6-mm spot. Overall, a 48% reduction in vessels was noted after one treatment. Side effects were minimal. CONCLUSIONS In fair-skinned patients with large telangiectasia, the alexandrite laser is a good option for vessel reduction. C1 [Ross, E. Victor; Meehan, Ken J.; Trafeli, John P.; Annandono, Joelle; Jacoby, Mark] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Domankevitz, Yacov] Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), Scripps Clin, 3811 Valley Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. EM vic_ross@msn.com NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01475.x PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 576SL UT WOS:000276168500005 PM 20180835 ER PT J AU Weise, MJ Harvey, JT Costa, DP AF Weise, Michael J. Harvey, James T. Costa, Daniel P. TI The role of body size in individual-based foraging strategies of a top marine predator SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; California sea lion; diving behavior; foraging strategy; individual specialization; predator-prey interactions; sexual dimorphism; Zalophus californianus ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; NEW-ZEALAND; ECOLOGY; FISHERIES; PENGUINS; PATTERNS AB Body size is an important determinant of the diving and foraging ability in air-breathing marine vertebrate predators. Satellite-linked dive recorders were used during 2003-2004 to investigate the foraging behavior of 22 male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus, a large, sexually dimorphic otariid) and to evaluate the extent to which body size explained variation among individuals and foraging strategies. Multivariate analyses were used to reduce the number of behavioral variables used to characterize foraging strategies (principal component analysis. PCA), to identify individually based foraging strategies in multidimensional space (hierarchical cluster analysis), and to classify each individual into a cluster or foraging strategy (discriminant analysis). Approximately 81.1% of the variation in diving behavior among individuals was explained by three factors: diving patterns,(PC1), foraging effort (PC2), and. behavior at the surface (PC3). Individuals were classified into three distinct groups based on their diving behavior (shallow, mixed depth, and deeper divers), and jackknife resampling of the data resulted in correct group assignment 86% of the time. Body size as an independent variable was positively related to dive duration and time spent ashore and negatively related to time at sea, and it was a key parameter in PC2 used to classify the three distinct clusters. Differences among individual-based foraging strategies probably were driven by differences in body size, which enabled larger animals to dive deeper and forage more efficiently by targeting different and perhaps larger prey items. The occurrence of foraging specializations within a species and age class has implications for quantitative modeling of population-level predator-prey interactions and ecosystem structure. C1 [Weise, Michael J.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Weise, MJ (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Marine Mammals & Biol Oceanog Program, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM michael.j.weise@navy.mil RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 FU Center for Integrative Marine Technologies; Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Program; Moore and Packard Foundations; California Sea Grant Program; Office of Naval Research; municipal harbor in Monterey, California FX This research was supported by the Center for Integrative Marine Technologies, the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Program, the Moore and Packard Foundations, the California Sea Grant Program, and the Office of Naval Research. Thanks to R. DeLong and P. Gearin for their advice and trap design, and the sea lion crew for their great efforts, including C. Kuhn, S. Simmons, S. Villegas, P. Morris, P. DalFerro, R. Walsh, P. Thorson, T. Goldstein, K. Debier, S. Davis, S. Seganti, Y. Tremblay, G. DelMundo, S. Hayes, G. MacDonald, S. Hansen, M. Lander, P. Robinson, J. Hassrick, H. Mostman, H. Vuorisalo, G. Singer, L. Gilligan, and M. Rutishauser, B. Long, and T. Fink (who were supported by a grant to T. Williams from the Alaska Sealife Center). Special thanks to D. Casper, DVM, for his invaluable expertise. This work was performed (in part) at the University of California Natural Reserve System (Ano Nuevo Island) Reserve, and with the support and cooperation of the municipal harbor in Monterey, California. This work was conducted in accordance with the Chancellor's Animal Research Committee (CA RC) protocol (COST 01.10) and under National Marine Fisheries Service permit number 87-1593-05. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2010 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1015 DI 10.1890/08-1554.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 594GV UT WOS:000277525300008 PM 20462115 ER PT J AU Bouhenni, RA Vora, GJ Biffinger, JC Shirodkar, S Brockman, K Ray, R Wu, P Johnson, BJ Biddle, EM Marshall, MJ Fitzgerald, LA Little, BJ Fredrickson, JK Beliaev, AS Ringeisen, BR Saffarini, DA AF Bouhenni, Rachida A. Vora, Gary J. Biffinger, Justin C. Shirodkar, Sheetal Brockman, Ken Ray, Ricky Wu, Peter Johnson, Brandy J. Biddle, Eulandria M. Marshall, Matthew J. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Little, Brenda J. Fredrickson, Jim K. Beliaev, Alexander S. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Saffarini, Daad A. TI The Role of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Outer Surface Structures in Extracellular Electron Transfer SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; Current production; Electron transfer; Nanofilaments; Riboflavin; Fuel cells ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; II SECRETION SYSTEM; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; IV PREPILIN; KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The ability of the metal reducer Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) depends on the activity of a predicted type IV prepilin peptidase; PilD. Analysis of an S. oneidensis MR-1 pilD mutant indicated that it was deficient in pili production (Msh and type IV) and type II secretion (T2S). The requirement for T2S in metal reduction has been previously identified, but the role of pili remains largely unexplored. To define the role of type IV or Msh pili in electron transfer, mutants that lack one or both pilus biogenesis systems were generated and analyzed; a mutant that lacked flagella was also constructed and tested. All mutants were able to reduce insoluble Fe(III) and to generate current in MFCs, in contrast to the T2S mutant that is deficient in both processes. Our results show that loss of metal reduction in a PilD mutant is due to a T2S deficiency, and therefore the absence of c cytochromes from the outer surface of cells, and not the loss of pili or flagella. Furthermore, MR-1 mutants deficient in type IV pili or flagella generated more current than the wild type, even though extracellular riboflavin levels were similar in all strains. This enhanced current generating ability is in contrast to a mutant that lacks the outer membrane c cytochromes, MtrC and OmcA. This mutant generated significantly less current than the wild type in an MFC and was unable to reduce Fe(III). These results indicated that although nanofilaments and soluble mediators may play a role in electron transfer, surface exposure of outer membrane c cytochromes was the determining factor in extracellular electron transfer in S. oneidensis MR-1. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Wu, Peter; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bouhenni, Rachida A.; Shirodkar, Sheetal; Brockman, Ken; Biddle, Eulandria M.; Saffarini, Daad A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Vora, Gary J.; Johnson, Brandy J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Marshall, Matthew J.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Beliaev, Alexander S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Bouhenni, Rachida A.] Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH 44304 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil; daads@uwm.edu RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Shewanella Federation consortium; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP); W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; OBER; Office of Naval Research [61153N]; NSF [0723002]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Research Council FX We thank Mark McBride for helpful comments and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium, the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP), by EMSL Scientific Grand Challenge Project at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Office of Naval Research through NRL PE#61153N, and by NSF instrument acquisition Grant CHE#0723002. Battelle Memorial Institute operates Northwest National Laboratory for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We thank the National Research Council for L.A.F. Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 EI 1521-4109 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7-8 BP 856 EP 864 DI 10.1002/elan.200880006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590VC UT WOS:000277255400016 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Lizewski, SE Fitzgerald, LA Biffinger, JC Knight, CL Crookes-Goodson, WJ Wu, PK AF Ringeisen, B. R. Lizewski, S. E. Fitzgerald, L. A. Biffinger, J. C. Knight, C. L. Crookes-Goodson, W. J. Wu, P. K. TI Single Cell Isolation of Bacteria from Microbial Fuel Cells and Potomac River Sediment SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Biological laser printing (BioLP); Cell sorting; Cell printing; Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB); Microbial fuel cell (MFC); Potomac River sediment; Shewanella oneidensis; Fuel cells ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS DSP10; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; TECHNOLOGY AB Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) are prominently found in aquatic environmental sediment samples and wastewater streams, which are known to contain several different types of microorganisms. Even though microbial consortia are found to enhance both Coulombic efficiency and total power output in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), it is currently unknown how many different EAB contribute to current generation in these systems. It is also difficult to track the relative population of different species during MFC operation. We used biological laser printing (BioLP) to isolate different bacterium from complex environmental samples and MFC anolytes. BioLP can be used to print droplets containing a single cell directly from liquid culture, thereby enabling EAB to be sorted from unmodified environmental or MFC samples. Isolated species were identified through 16S rDNA analysis of pure cultures derived from the printed samples. These experiments demonstrate how cell printing can be used as a single-step method to separate and identify microorganisms from complex environmental samples and operating MFCs. C1 [Ringeisen, B. R.; Lizewski, S. E.; Fitzgerald, L. A.; Biffinger, J. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knight, C. L.; Crookes-Goodson, W. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, P. K.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [62123N]; National Research Council FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for funding through PE#62123N. L. A.F. thanks the National Research Council for her postdoctoral fellowship. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7-8 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1002/elan.200880012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590VC UT WOS:000277255400018 ER PT J AU Strycharz, SM Gannon, SM Boles, AR Franks, AE Nevin, KP Lovley, DR AF Strycharz, Sarah M. Gannon, Sarah M. Boles, Amber R. Franks, Ashley E. Nevin, Kelly P. Lovley, Derek R. TI Reductive dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans with an electrode serving as the electron donor SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION; MARINE SEDIMENT; GEN. NOV.; CARBON; PH; MICROORGANISMS; CELL; TCE AB Electrodes poised at potentials low enough to serve as an electron donor for microbial respiration, but high enough to avoid the production of hydrogen, have been proposed as an alternative to the use of soluble electron donors for stimulating the bioremediation of chlorinated contaminants and/or metals. However, this form of respiration using pure cultures of microorganisms has only been reported in Geobacter species. To further evaluate this bioremediation strategy studies were conducted with Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, which has previously been reported to reductively dechlorinate 2-chlorophenol to phenol with acetate as the electron donor. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans could oxidize acetate with electron transfer to a graphite electrode poised at a positive potential, demonstrating its ability to directly exchange electrons with electrodes. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans attached to electrodes poised at -300 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode reductively dechlorinated 2-chlorophenol to phenol. There was no dechlorination in the absence of A. dehalogenans and electrode-driven dechlorination stopped when the supply of electrons to the electrode was disrupted. The findings that microorganisms other than Geobacter species can accept electrons from electrodes for anaerobic respiration and that chlorinated aromatic compounds can be dechlorinated in this manner suggest that there may be substantial potential for treating a diversity of contaminants with microbe-electrode interactions. C1 [Strycharz, Sarah M.; Gannon, Sarah M.; Boles, Amber R.; Franks, Ashley E.; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Strycharz, Sarah M.] USN, Res Lab, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strycharz, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 639 N Pleasant St,Morrill 4 N, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sarah.strycharz.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0190] FX We would like to thank Dr. Robert Sanford and Dr. Frank Loffler for their insight and for providing the A. dehalogenan cultures. This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant Number N00014-09-1-0190. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD APR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00118.x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 619LP UT WOS:000279432000009 PM 23766080 ER PT J AU Bruno, ME Ortiz, P Moore, T Nesnow, S Winnik, W Yue, G AF Bruno, Maribel Enid Ortiz, Pedro Moore, Tanya Nesnow, Stephen Winnik, Witold Yue, Ge TI Proteomic Analysis of Propiconazole Responses in Mouse Liver-Comparison of Genomic and Proteomic Profiles SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruno, Maribel Enid; Moore, Tanya; Nesnow, Stephen] US EPA, Carcinogenesis Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Winnik, Witold; Yue, Ge] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ortiz, Pedro] USN, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501025 ER PT J AU Florian, JP Garner, CD AF Florian, John P. Garner, Christopher D. TI Effect of repeated water immersions on orthostatic tolerance and cardiovascular regulation during 70 degrees head-up tilt testing SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Florian, John P.; Garner, Christopher D.] USN, Expt Div Unit, Panama City, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501108 ER PT J AU Song, BK Nugent, WN Golub, AS Moon-Massat, PF Pittman, RN AF Song, Bjorn Kyungsuck Nugent, William N. Golub, Alexsander S. Moon-Massat, Paula F. Pittman, Roland N. TI EFFECT OF TOP-LOADING A HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIER (HBOC) ON MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP), ARTERIOLAR DIAMETER AND TISSUE OXYGENATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Song, Bjorn Kyungsuck; Nugent, William N.; Golub, Alexsander S.; Pittman, Roland N.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula F.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675505329 ER PT J AU Minor, CP Steinhurst, DA Johnson, KJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Owrutsky, JC Wales, SC Gottuk, DT AF Minor, Christian P. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Johnson, Kevin J. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Wales, Stephen C. Gottuk, Daniel T. TI A Full-Scale Prototype Multisensor System for Damage Control and Situational Awareness SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multisensor; multicriteria; fire detection; data fusion; video image detection; multivariate analysis ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; FIRE DETECTION; LEAK DETECTION; SENSOR ARRAY; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHM; FUSION AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed a real-time, remote detection system for damage control and situational awareness, called "Volume Sensor", as part of the Advanced Volume Sensor Task, an important element of the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research, Future Naval Capabilities program, Advanced Damage Countermeasures. The objective of the Advanced Volume Sensor Task was to develop an affordable detection system that could identify shipboard damage control conditions and provide real-time threat level information for damage control events (such as flaming and smoldering fires, explosions, pipe ruptures, flooding, and gas releases) while eliminating the false alarms typical of fire detection systems in industrial environments. The approach was to build a multisensor, multicriteria system from low cost commercial-off-the-shelf hardware components integrated with intelligent software and data fusion algorithms. Two multicompartment prototype Volume Sensor systems were constructed at NRL and tested with a series of simulated damage control events at the Navy's full-scale fire test facility, the ex-USS Shadwell in Mobile Bay, AL. Results from this test series indicate that the Volume Sensor Prototypes performed as well or better than commercial video image detection and point-detection systems in critical quality metrics for fire detection while also providing additional situational awareness for flooding scenarios, fire suppression system activations, and gas release events. C1 [Johnson, Kevin J.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Minor, Christian P.; Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Wales, Stephen C.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gottuk, Daniel T.] Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM susan.rosepehrsson@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 FU U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research's Future Naval Capabilities; Advanced Damage Countermeasures program FX This work was funded by the U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research's Future Naval Capabilities, Advanced Damage Countermeasures program. Commercial VID manufacturers, Fastcom Technology and axonX have collaborated in this research. The authors thank Mr. John Farley and Dr. Frederick Williams for their valuable assistance in this program. The crew of the ex-USS Shadwell provided much assistance in acquiring data used in the development of the prototype detection systems. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 437 EP 469 DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0103-y PG 33 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 573HG UT WOS:000275899300010 ER PT J AU Haus, BK Jeong, D Donelan, MA Zhang, JA Savelyev, I AF Haus, Brian K. Jeong, Dahai Donelan, Mark A. Zhang, Jun A. Savelyev, Ivan TI Relative rates of sea-air heat transfer and frictional drag in very high winds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; TURBULENT FLUXES; MOMENTUM FLUX; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; EXCHANGE; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB Hurricanes are fueled by evaporation and convection from the ocean and they lose energy through the frictional drag of the atmosphere on the ocean surface. The relative rates of these processes have been thought to provide a limit on the maximum potential hurricane intensity. Here we report laboratory observations of these transfers for scaled winds equivalent to a strong Category 1 hurricane (38 ms(-1)). We show that the transfer coefficient ratio holds closely to a level of similar to 0.5 even in the highest observed winds, where previous studies have suggested there is a distinct regime change at the air-sea interface. This value is well below the expected threshold value for intense hurricanes of 0.75. Recent three-dimensional model studies also find that the coefficient ratio can be much lower than 0.75, which suggests that other factors such as eyewall and/or vortex dynamics are responsible for the formation of very strong hurricanes. Citation: Haus, B. K., D. Jeong, M. A. Donelan, J. A. Zhang, and I. Savelyev (2010), Relative rates of sea-air heat transfer and frictional drag in very high winds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07802, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042206. C1 [Haus, Brian K.; Jeong, Dahai; Donelan, Mark A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Savelyev, Ivan] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Haus, BK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bhaus@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU US Office of Naval Research Physical Oceanography [N000140610258] FX This research was supported by the US Office of Naval Research Physical Oceanography Program (grant N000140610258). NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L07802 DI 10.1029/2009GL042206 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 578SC UT WOS:000276314500004 ER PT J AU Fiore, SM Rosen, MA Smith-Jentsch, KA Salas, E Letsky, M Warner, N AF Fiore, Stephen M. Rosen, Michael A. Smith-Jentsch, Kimberly A. Salas, Eduardo Letsky, Michael Warner, Norman TI Toward an Understanding of Macrocognition in Teams: Predicting Processes in Complex Collaborative Contexts SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING; SHARED MENTAL MODELS; TRANSACTIVE MEMORY; COGNITIVE ARTIFACTS; GROUP-PERFORMANCE; EXTENDED MIND; REPRESENTATIONS; COMMUNICATION; METAANALYSIS; INFORMATION AB Objective: This article presents a model for predicting complex collaborative processes as they arise in one-of-a-kind problem-solving situations to predict performance outcomes. The goal is to outline a set of key processes and their interrelationship and to describe how these can be used to predict collaboration processes embedded within problem-solving contexts. Background: Teams are increasingly called upon to address complex problem-solving tasks in novel situations. This represents a domain of performance that to date has been underrepresented in the research literature. Method: Multidisciplinary theoretical and empirical literature relating to knowledge work in teams is synthesized. Results: A set of propositions developed to guide research into how teams externalize cognition and build knowledge in service of problem solving is presented. First, a brief overview of macrocognition in teams is provided to distinguish the present work from other views of team cognition. Second, a description of the foundational theoretical concepts driving the theory of macrocognition in teams presented here is provided. Third, a set of propositions described within the context of a model of macrocognition in teams is forwarded. Conclusion: The theoretical framework described in this article provides a set of empirically testable propositions that can ultimately guide practitioners in efforts to support macrocognition in teams. Application: A theory of macrocognition in teams can provide guidance for the development of training interventions and the design of collaborative tools to facilitate knowledge-based performance in teams. C1 [Fiore, Stephen M.] Univ Cent Florida, Cognit Sci Program, Dept Philosophy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Fiore, Stephen M.] Univ Cent Florida, Cognit Sci Lab, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Smith-Jentsch, Kimberly A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Salas, Eduardo] Univ Cent Florida, Human Syst Integrat Res Dept, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Letsky, Michael] Off Naval Res, Collaborat & Knowledge Interoperabil Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Warner, Norman] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Fiore, SM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Cognit Sci Program, Dept Philosophy, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM sfiore@ist.ucf.edu OI Fiore, Stephen/0000-0003-3529-1322 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (ONR MURI) [N000140610446] FX We would like to thank Bill Howell (action editor) and four anonymous reviewers for extensive and constructive feedback on previous versions of this article. This research was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Collaboration and Knowledge Inter-operability Program and Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (ONR MURI) Grant No. N000140610446 (Michael Letsky, Program Manager). NR 108 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 35 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 SI SI BP 203 EP 224 DI 10.1177/0018720810369807 PG 22 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 649TM UT WOS:000281796800006 PM 20942251 ER PT J AU McComb, S Kennedy, D Perryman, R Warner, N Letsky, M AF McComb, Sara Kennedy, Deanna Perryman, Rebecca Warner, Norman Letsky, Michael TI Temporal Patterns of Mental Model Convergence: Implications for Distributed Teams Interacting in Electronic Collaboration Spaces SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION; SMALL-GROUP PERFORMANCE; FACE-TO-FACE; VIRTUAL TEAMS; IMPACT; COMPLEXITY; KNOWLEDGE; DESIGN; TIME AB Objective: Our objective is to capture temporal patterns in mental model convergence processes and differences in these patterns between distributed teams using an electronic collaboration space and face-to-face teams with no interface. Background: Distributed teams, as sociotechnical systems, collaborate via technology to work on their task. The way in which they process information to inform their mental models may be examined via team communication and may unfold differently than it does in face-to-face teams. Method: We conducted our analysis on 32 three-member teams working on a planning task. Half of the teams worked as distributed teams in an electronic collaboration space, and the other half worked face-to-face without an interface. Results: Using event history analysis, we found temporal interdependencies among the initial convergence points of the multiple mental models we examined. Furthermore, the timing of mental model convergence and the onset of task work discussions were related to team performance. Differences existed in the temporal patterns of convergence and task work discussions across conditions. Conclusion: Distributed teams interacting via an electronic interface and face-to-face teams with no interface converged on multiple mental models, but their communication patterns differed. In particular, distributed teams with an electronic interface required less overall communication, converged on all mental models later in their life cycles, and exhibited more linear cognitive processes than did face-to-face teams interacting verbally. Application: Managers need unique strategies for facilitating communication and mental model convergence depending on teams' degrees of collocation and access to an interface, which in turn will enhance team performance. C1 [McComb, Sara] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Warner, Norman] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. [Letsky, Michael] Off Naval Res, Collaborat & Knowledge Interoperabil Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP McComb, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, MS 3131, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mccomb@tamu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000140810986]; [N001409WX20219] FX The authors would like to thank Lauren Rehrman for her help coding the transcripts. We also thank associate editor Doug Gillan and three anonymous reviewers from Human Factors for their insightful comments. This research is supported in part by the Collaboration and Knowledge Management program of the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N000140810986 and Funding Document N001409WX20219. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 SI SI BP 264 EP 281 DI 10.1177/0018720810370458 PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 649TM UT WOS:000281796800010 PM 20942255 ER PT J AU Driskell, JE Salas, E Hughes, S AF Driskell, James E. Salas, Eduardo Hughes, Sandra TI Collective Orientation and Team Performance: Development of an Individual Differences Measure SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; PERSONALITY; COORDINATION; COOPERATION; VALIDATION; SKILLS AB Objective: We examine the construct of collective orientation, develop a measure to assess individual differences in collective orientation, and examine the extent to which the collective orientation of team members predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Background: Scholars increasingly emphasize the importance of teamwork in collaborative work environments, and evidence indicates that a lack of teamwork is a prominent factor in many real-world accidents. Although it is clear that some persons are more team oriented than others are, there are few instruments available to assess individual differences in collective orientation in a team context. Method: We develop a scale to measure collective orientation in teams, gather evidence on reliability and construct validity, and examine the extent to which collective orientation predicts team performance. Results: Results indicate that the Collective Orientation Scale is reliable, correlates with cognate measures, and predicts performance on a variety of team tasks. Conclusion: We discuss the role of collective orientation in teams and the application of this scale to assess and diagnose teamwork deficiencies in work groups. Application: This research should contribute to a further understanding of factors that influence collaboration and coordination in teams. C1 [Driskell, James E.] Florida Maxima Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Salas, Eduardo] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hughes, Sandra] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Driskell, JE (reprint author), Florida Maxima Corp, 507 N New York Ave,R-5, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM jdriskell@rollins.edu NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 14 U2 33 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 SI SI BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1177/0018720809359522 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 649TM UT WOS:000281796800014 PM 20942259 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Curtis, D Bui, S Hu, M Gaskill, DK Tedesco, JL Asbeck, P Jernigan, GG VanMil, BL Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Campbell, PM Weng, X AF Moon, J. S. Curtis, D. Bui, S. Hu, M. Gaskill, D. K. Tedesco, J. L. Asbeck, P. Jernigan, G. G. VanMil, B. L. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Campbell, P. M. Weng, X. TI Top-Gated Epitaxial Graphene FETs on Si-Face SiC Wafers With a Peak Transconductance of 600 mS/mm SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Field-effect mobility; graphene; n-FET; p-FET; Si MOSFET; transistor ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRON-MOBILITY; INVERSION; MOSFETS AB In this letter, we present state-of-the-art performance of top-gated graphene n-FETs and p-FETs fabricated with epitaxial graphene layers grown on Si-face 6H-SiC substrates on 50-mm wafers. The current-voltage characteristics of these devices show excellent saturation with ON-state current densities (I(on)) of 0.59 A/mm at V(ds) = 1 V and 1.65 A/mm at V(ds) = 3 V. I(on)/I(off) ratios of 12 and 19 were measured at V(ds) = 1 and 0.5 V, respectively. A peak extrinsic g(m) as high as 600 mS/mm was measured at V(ds) = 3.05 V, with a gate length of 2.94 mu m. The field-effect mobility versus effective electric field (E(eff)) was measured for the first time in epitaxial graphene FETs, where record field-effect mobilities of 6000 cm(2)/V . s for electrons and 3200 cm(2)/V . s for holes were obtained at E(eff) similar to 0.27 MV/cm. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Curtis, D.; Bui, S.; Hu, M.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Gaskill, D. K.; Tedesco, J. L.; Jernigan, G. G.; VanMil, B. L.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Campbell, P. M.] USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Weng, X.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM jmoon@hrl.com; dcurtis@hrl.com; ssbui@hrl.com; mHu@hrl.com; gaskill@estd.nrl.navy.mil; joseph.tedesco.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; asbeck@ecepops.ucsd.edu; glenn.jernigan@nrl.navy.mil; vanmil@amethystresearch2.com; rachael.myers-ward@nrl.navy.mil; eddy@estd.nrl.navy.mil; paul.campbell@nrl.navy.mil RI weng, xiaojun/D-5096-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Space and NavalWarfare (SPAWAR) [N66001-08-C-2048] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) CERA Program, monitored by Dr. Michael Fritze at DARPA under Space and NavalWarfare (SPAWAR) Contract N66001-08-C-2048. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor L. Selmi. NR 13 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 56 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.1109/LED.2010.2040132 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 574TQ UT WOS:000276017000001 ER PT J AU Adams, IS Bettenhausen, MH Gaiser, PW Johnston, W AF Adams, Ian S. Bettenhausen, Michael H. Gaiser, Peter W. Johnston, William TI Identification of Ocean-Reflected Radio-Frequency Interference Using WindSat Retrieval Chi-Square Probability SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Microwave remote sensing; radio-frequency interference (RFI); WindSat ID MITIGATION; RADIOMETRY; DETECTOR; LAND AB Ocean retrievals using passive microwave radiometers are sensitive to small fluctuations in ocean brightness temperatures. As such, the signals emanating fromgeostationary satellites that reflect off the ocean surface can result in large errors in ocean retrievals. Since geostationary communication satellites maintain fixed positions above the Earth and constantly transmit to predetermined regions while most other error sources, e. g., precipitation, are transient, time-averaged retrieval error statistics can be used to identify regions of measurements contaminated with radio-frequency interference (RFI). This letter describes a new method of identifying regions of ocean where ocean retrievals are affected by geostationary communication (television) satellites by using geophysical retrieval chi-square probability (goodness-of-fit) estimates. A three-month time-averaged collection of retrieval chi-square estimates is used to identify regions of the ocean where RFI may be present. This information is combined with information on geostationary satellite bandwidths, locations, and antenna contours to identify the source of the RFI. A mask derived from the analysis is used, in conjunction with satellite geometry calculations, to flag individual channels for RFI. These channels can then be ignored in the geophysical retrieval processing in order to produce uncontaminated ocean retrievals. C1 [Adams, Ian S.; Bettenhausen, Michael H.; Gaiser, Peter W.] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. [Johnston, William] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. EM ian.adams@nrl.navy.mil; bettenhausen@nrl.navy.mil; peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil; william.johnston@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Navy [N0003909WXFR141] FX Manuscript received April 20, 2009; revised September 25, 2009. Date of publication January 26, 2010; date of current version April 14, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Navy under Grant N0003909WXFR141. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2037446 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 583NF UT WOS:000276683000038 ER PT J AU Lingevitch, JF LePage, KD AF Lingevitch, Joseph F. LePage, Kevin D. TI Parabolic Equation Simulations of Reverberation Statistics From Non-Gaussian-Distributed Bottom Roughness SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Clutter; parabolic equation (PE); reverberation ID SHALLOW-WATER; SCATTERING; OCEAN; APPROXIMATION; PROPAGATION; SURFACE AB In this paper, a two-way parabolic equation (PE) method is developed for modeling rough interface reverberation. The model is employed to estimate the reverberation envelope probability density function from bottom roughness with Gaussian and exponential height distributions. For Gaussian-distributed roughness, the PE gives envelope statistics that closely conform to the expected Rayleigh distribution. However, for non-Gaussian-distributed roughness heights, heavy-tailed reverberation envelope statistics are observed. The PE simulation results are compared to the analytical model of K -distributed reverberation by Abraham and Lyons [IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 29, pp. 800-813, 2002] for discrete scatterers and to numerical predictions of the first and second moments of the reverberation intensity estimated with a coupled mode reverberation model for the multipath insonification of rough surfaces. C1 [Lingevitch, Joseph F.] USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [LePage, Kevin D.] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, SP, Italy. RP Lingevitch, JF (reprint author), USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.lingevitch@nrl.navy.mil; lepage@nurc.nato.int FU Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense (DoD); U.S. Army Research Laboratory MSRC FX Manuscript received February 10, 2009; revised September 30, 2009 and January 20, 2010; accepted January 22, 2010. Date of publication April 26, 2010; date of current version May 26, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Modernization Program (HPCMP) at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory MSRC. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2044054 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 670OT UT WOS:000283437400007 ER PT J AU Cobb, JT Slatton, KC Dobeck, GJ AF Cobb, J. Tory Slatton, K. Clint Dobeck, Gerald J. TI A Parametric Model for Characterizing Seabed Textures in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Images SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Correlation; image texture analysis; parameter estimation; scattering; synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; EM-ALGORITHM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; COHERENT IMAGES; REPRESENTATION; SIMULATION AB High-resolution synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems yield finely detailed images of sea bottom environments. SAS image texture models must be capable of representing a wide variety of sea bottom environments including sand ripples, coral or rock formations, and flat hardpack. In this paper, a parameterized model for SAS image textures is derived from the autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the SAS imaging point spread function (PSF) and the ACF of the seabed texture sonar cross section (SCS). The proposed texture mixture model is analytically tractable and parameterized by component mixing parameters, mixture component correlation lengths, the single-point intensity image statistical shape parameter, and the rotation of the ACF mixture components in the 2-D imaging plane. An iterative parameter estimation algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for truncated data is presented and tested against various synthetic and real SAS image textures. The performance of the algorithm is compared and discussed for synthetically generated data across various image sizes and texture characteristics. The model fit is also compared against a small set of real SAS survey images and is shown to accurately fit the imaging PSF and seabed SCS ACF for these textures of interest. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory; Dobeck, Gerald J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Slatton, K. Clint] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM james.cobb@navy.mil; slatton@ece.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 250 EP 266 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2044431 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 670OT UT WOS:000283437400013 ER PT J AU Fialkowski, JM Gauss, RC AF Fialkowski, Joseph M. Gauss, Roger C. TI Methods for Identifying and Controlling Sonar Clutter SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Active sonar; clutter; non-Rayleigh; Poisson-Rayleigh (P-R); K-distribution; probability of false alarm (PFA); moments; signal processing ID BOUNDARY CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT; AMPLITUDE PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ENVELOPE STATISTICS; MALTA PLATEAU; REVERBERATION; SCATTERING; NORMALIZATION; ARRAYS AB Three methods for identifying, characterizing, and controlling active sonar clutter are described and demonstrated on broadband, low-frequency (<1800 Hz) normalized data collected in two range-dependent, shallow-water environments: the Malta Plateau off Sicily and the Stanton Banks off Scotland. One method examines short time-scale clutter persistence to stabilize/minimize coherent propagation effects. A second method correlates strong clutter echoes with the depth-weighted topographic slope (relative to the sonar) to help predict the significant scatterers. A third method involves moment-based statistical measures [Poisson-Rayleigh-inspired method (PRIM), K-distribution shape parameter, kurtosis] to distinguish between spatially compact and spatially extended clutter objects. As illustrated with the isolation of several anthropogenic objects from widespread topographic clutter on the Malta Plateau, the new Poisson-Rayleigh (P-R)-based method appears to offer some promise in regards to reducing the false alarm rate. C1 [Fialkowski, Joseph M.; Gauss, Roger C.] USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fialkowski, JM (reprint author), USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.fialkowski@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received March 20, 2009; revised January 02, 2010; accepted January 22, 2010. Date of current version May 26, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. This work was also made possible in part by the "Environmental Adaptation for Multistatic Sonars" Joint Research Project, a collaboration between ARL-PSU, DRDC-A, NRL, and NURC. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 2 BP 330 EP 354 DI 10.1109/JOE.2010.2044912 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 670OT UT WOS:000283437400019 ER PT J AU Williams, EG Valdivia, NP AF Williams, Earl G. Valdivia, Nicolas P. TI Near-Field Electromagnetic Holography in Conductive Media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Absorbing media; array signal processing; backpropagation; boundary value problems; cylindrical arrays; electric field measurement; electromagnetic propagation in absorbing media; geophysical inverse problems; holography; inverse problems ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; MAGNETIC SOURCE AB A new approach to the inversion of ill-posed boundary value (BV) problems is presented for an infinite conductive, homogeneous media. Our interest is to investigate the possibility of imaging underwater electromagnetic sources from remote electromagnetic sensor data when that data is measured coherently over a spatial sheet, commonly referred to as a hologram. Specifically, given independent holograms of two polarizations of the electric and/or magnetic fields on a cylindrical surface exterior to the electric and magnetic sources, we develop a frequency domain, back-projection (inverse) technique that reconstructs the complete electric and magnetic vector fields in the region between the BV (hologram) surface and the sources. Of particular interest is the Poynting vector that is constructed from the back-projected fields, providing the power per unit area radiated from the sources. We believe it may be of immense practical use in diagnosis of electromagnetic sources, such as underwater ship propulsors. Tikhonov regularization, developed here for the two component measured field, is used to stabilize the inversion. To investigate the accuracy and limitations of this new approach, we carry out a numerical experiment in which an array of either magnetic or electric dipole sources are excited in a frequency range of 1 to 1000 Hz in seawater. They are arranged 8m apart in a line and generate coherent holograms of the axial components of the electric and magnetic fields on an imaginary cylindrical sheet of radius 30 m. Spatially random noise is added to these two holograms to simulate a relatively poor signal to noise ratio of 20 dB. Results show that we can successfully reconstruct the electric, magnetic and Poynting field vectors on the cylindrical sheet of 20 m radius (10 m closer to sources) with an accuracy of less than 30% for both magnetic dipole sources and electric dipole sources from 1 to 1000 Hz. The computations needed for this approach are easily carried out on a laptop computer and reconstructions of the complete field vectors are extremely fast, with a processing time in seconds. C1 [Williams, Earl G.; Valdivia, Nicolas P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2042028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 579YX UT WOS:000276414500019 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Yager, RR AF Petry, Frederick E. Yager, Ronald R. TI A Framework for Use of Imprecise Categorization in Developing Intelligent Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Categories; concept hierarchy; fragmentation; partitions ID MOUNTAIN METHOD; FUZZY ONTOLOGY; AGGREGATION; PARTITIONS AB In this paper, we develop characterizations of the properties of categories. We introduce an approach to representing imprecise hierarchies based on the idea of fragmentation. In the case of fuzzy categories, measures of how well fuzzy categorization satisfies the concept of a partitioning for such categories are developed. Finally, issues that are involved in the formulation of fuzzy categorization of a domain using approaches based on the use of prototypes are considered. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; yager@panix.com RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010; Yager, Ronald/A-2960-2013 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N] FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program under Program Element 0602435N. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6706 EI 1941-0034 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD APR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1109/TFUZZ.2010.2041782 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 575VM UT WOS:000276097400010 ER PT J AU Chen, W AF Chen, Wei TI A Global Optimal Solution With Higher Order Continuity for the Estimation of Surface Velocity From Infrared Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Global optimal solution (GOS); infrared images; inverse model; motion estimation; velocity estimation ID TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; WARM-CORE RING; INVERSE MODEL; SEQUENCES AB A global optimal solution (GOS) provides surface velocities from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) remote image sequences using bilinear interpolation algorithms. Although an accurate velocity field can be estimated by GOS from a sequence of infrared images, the field has only first-order continuity. Because an actual coastal ocean has a complex irregular coastland and some ocean studies need vorticity and divergence analysis, which must be extracted from the velocity field, the development of generic GOS algorithms with higher order continuity and smoothed cutouts around these edges is very important. This paper addresses the issues of higher order continuity and smoothed cutouts around coastland edges for using GOS to estimate surface velocities. GOS bilinear polynomials, previously applied to square tiles with first-order continuity, are replaced by surface B-spline functions. The new GOS algorithms can be applied to AVHRR images containing complicated coastal land boundaries, even clouds, to yield smooth velocity fields next to land and higher order continuity velocity fields. The velocity fields obtained through the applications of the first-and higher order GOS techniques to a sequence of two National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration AVHRR images, which were taken from the New York Bight fields, are compared with those measured with the CODAR array. The retrieved velocity fields are used directly to calculate the surface divergence and vorticity. It is found that the angular and magnitude errors of the velocity by the first-and third-order GOSs are quite close for both numerical model data and AVHRR image sequences, and the velocity field estimated by the third-order GOS is globally smoothed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research at the Naval Research Laboratory [WU-8743-07] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through Project WU-8743-07 at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1931 EP 1939 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2037316 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 574TA UT WOS:000276015200003 ER PT J AU Bott, SC Chittenden, JP Coverdale, CA Giuliani, JL AF Bott, Simon C. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Coverdale, Christine A. Giuliani, John L. TI Special Issue on Z-Pinch Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bott, Simon C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chittenden, Jeremy P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Coverdale, Christine A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Giuliani, John L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bott, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2043761 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600001 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Giuliani, JL Davis, J Clark, RW Coverdale, CA Jones, B Ampleford, DJ AF Dasgupta, Arati Giuliani, John L. Davis, Jack Clark, Robert W. Coverdale, Christine A. Jones, Brent Ampleford, David J. TI Time-Integrated Synthetic X-Ray Spectroscopy for Stainless Steel Wire Array Z-Pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE Dielectronic recombination (DR); plasma diagnostics; X-ray spectra; Z-pinch ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IONIZATION; SELENIUM; PLASMAS; IMPACT AB We have used a collisional-radiative spectroscopic model to generate a stainless steel (SS) atomic model to analyze the implosion dynamics of an array of SS wires on the Z and/or refurbished Z accelerator at the U. S. Sandia National Laboratories. This approach combines the completeness of highly averaged Rydberg state models with the accuracy of detailed models for all important excited states. Our atomic model includes a very large number of levels and atomic structure data, as well as excitation, ionization, and recombination level coupling. We have investigated the ionization dynamics and generated K-and L-shell spectra using the conditions in the Z accelerator, as calculated by a 1-D nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) radiation hydrodynamics model. This investigation using more detailed and accurate atomic models supersedes earlier spectroscopic simulation of K-shell SS spectra to analyze spectra on the Z accelerator. The non-LTE populations are obtained by generating the detailed atomic data for Fe, Ni, and Cr, and Mn ions, the constituents of SS. Analysis of our spectra using self-consistently generated data from the flexible atomic code shows excellent agreement with experimental data of shots Z581 and Z1860. We have also included level-specific dielectronic recombination from H-to He-like ions and inner-shell excitation rates from excited states of He-like ions in our atomic model and investigated the Ly(alpha) satellite lines that are useful for diagnosing Doppler broadening in a Z-pinch plasma at stagnation. C1 [Dasgupta, Arati; Giuliani, John L.; Davis, Jack] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, Robert W.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Coverdale, Christine A.; Jones, Brent; Ampleford, David J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Arati.Dasgupta@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil; robert.clark@nrl.navy.mil; cacover@sandia.gov; bmjones@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 598 EP 605 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2040841 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600010 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Apruzese, JP Davis, J Chong, YK Jennings, CA Ampleford, DA Jones, B Coverdale, CA Jones, MC Cuneo, ME Stygar, WA AF Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Dasgupta, Arati Apruzese, John P. Davis, Jack Chong, Young K. Jennings, Christopher A. Ampleford, Dave A. Jones, Brent Coverdale, Christine A. Jones, M. C. Cuneo, Michael E. Stygar, W. A. TI Two-Dimensional Radiation MHD K-Shell Modeling of Stainless-Steel Double-Wire-Array Experiments on the Refurbished Z Machine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); plasma pinch; X-ray production ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; ATOMIC-NUMBER; Z-ACCELERATOR; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS; PLASMA; POWER AB Two-dimensional (r, z) magnetohydrodynamic simulations with nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium ionization and radiation transport are used to investigate the K-shell radiation output from doubly nested large-diameter (> 60 mm) stainless-steel arrays fielded on the refurbished Z pulsed-power generator. The effects of the initial density perturbations, wire ablation rate, and current loss near the load on the total power, K-shell power, and K-shell yield are examined. The broad mass distribution produced by wire ablation largely overcomes the deleterious impact on the K-shell power and yield of 2-D instability growth. On the other hand, the possible current losses in the final feed section lead to substantial reductions in K-shell yield. Following a survey of runs, the parameters for the perturbation level, ablation rate, and current loss are chosen to benchmark the simulations against existing 65-mm-diameter radiation data. The model is then used to predict the K-shell properties of larger diameter (70 mm) arrays to be imploded on the Z generator. C1 [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Apruzese, John P.; Davis, Jack; Chong, Young K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jennings, Christopher A.; Ampleford, Dave A.; Jones, Brent; Coverdale, Christine A.; Jones, M. C.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Stygar, W. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 606 EP 617 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2041473 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600011 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Apruzese, JP Davis, J Thornhill, JW AF Velikovich, Alexander L. Apruzese, John P. Davis, Jack Thornhill, J. Ward TI Theory of High-Energy-Photon K-Shell Recombination Continuum Radiation From Z-Pinch Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE K-shell radiation; plasma pinch; recombination continuum; X-ray production ID ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; ATOMIC-NUMBER; Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION; ARGON; ALUMINUM; TITANIUM; LINE; MA AB This paper presents explicit analytical formulas relating the X-ray yields in various energy bins of the free-bound recombination continuum to the mass, temperature, dimensions, and confinement time of the plasma participating in the K-shell emission. Estimates based on these formulas support the idea that K-shell recombination continuum radiation of argon, titanium, and iron can be a viable alternative to the K-shell line radiation of higher atomic number ions for advancing the operation of Z-pinch plasma radiation sources into the warm X-ray photon energy range of 10-20 keV. The potential of the refurbished Z accelerator for generating multikilojoule radiation yields in this energy range via recombination continuum is assessed. C1 [Velikovich, Alexander L.; Apruzese, John P.; Davis, Jack; Thornhill, J. Ward] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM velikov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil; thornhil@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 618 EP 625 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038917 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600012 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Colombant, DG Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Myers, MC Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Weaver, J Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Robson, AE Bayramian, A Caird, J Ebbers, C Latkowski, J Hogan, W Meier, WR Perkins, LJ Schaffers, K Kahlik, SA Schoonover, K Sadowski, D Boehm, K Carlson, L Pulsifer, J Najmabadi, F Raffray, AR Tillack, MS Kulcinski, G Blanchard, JP Heltemes, T Ibrahim, A Marriott, E Moses, G Radell, R Sawan, M Santarius, J Sviatoslavsky, G Zenobia, S Ghoniem, NM Sharafat, S El-Awady, J Hu, Q Duty, C Leonard, K Romanoski, G Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ Gentile, C Parsells, W Prinksi, C Kozub, T Dodson, T Rose, DV Renk, T Olson, C Alexander, N Bozek, A Flint, G Goodin, DT Hund, J Paguio, R Petzoldt, RW Schroen, DG Sheliak, J Bernat, T Bittner, D Karnes, J Petta, N Streit, J Geller, D Hoffer, JK McGeoch, MW Glidden, SC Sanders, H Weidenheimer, D Morton, D Smith, ID Bobecia, M Harding, D Lehecka, T Gilliam, SB Gidcumb, SM Forsythe, D Parikh, NR O'Dell, S Gorensek, M AF Sethian, J. D. Colombant, D. G. Giuliani, J. L., Jr. Lehmberg, R. H. Myers, M. C. Obenschain, S. P. Schmitt, A. J. Weaver, J. Wolford, M. F. Hegeler, F. Friedman, M. Robson, A. E. Bayramian, A. Caird, J. Ebbers, C. Latkowski, J. Hogan, W. Meier, W. R. Perkins, L. J. Schaffers, K. Kahlik, S. Abdel Schoonover, K. Sadowski, D. Boehm, K. Carlson, L. Pulsifer, J. Najmabadi, F. Raffray, A. R. Tillack, M. S. Kulcinski, G. Blanchard, J. P. Heltemes, T. Ibrahim, A. Marriott, E. Moses, G. Radell, R. Sawan, M. Santarius, J. Sviatoslavsky, G. Zenobia, S. Ghoniem, N. M. Sharafat, S. El-Awady, J. Hu, Q. Duty, C. Leonard, K. Romanoski, G. Snead, L. L. Zinkle, S. J. Gentile, C. Parsells, W. Prinksi, C. Kozub, T. Dodson, T. Rose, D. V. Renk, T. Olson, C. Alexander, N. Bozek, A. Flint, G. Goodin, D. T. Hund, J. Paguio, R. Petzoldt, R. W. Schroen, D. G. Sheliak, J. Bernat, T. Bittner, D. Karnes, J. Petta, N. Streit, J. Geller, D. Hoffer, J. K. McGeoch, M. W. Glidden, S. C. Sanders, H. Weidenheimer, D. Morton, D. Smith, I. D. Bobecia, M. Harding, D. Lehecka, T. Gilliam, S. B. Gidcumb, S. M. Forsythe, D. Parikh, N. R. O'Dell, S. Gorensek, M. TI The Science and Technologies for Fusion Energy With Lasers and Direct-Drive Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Fusion power generation; fusion reactors; laser amplifiers; laser fusion; magnetic fields; nanotechnology; optical tracking ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HELIUM IMPLANTED TUNGSTEN; HIGH AVERAGE POWER; DRY WALL CHAMBERS; MAGNETIC INTERVENTION; IFE CONDITIONS; PLANT; GAS; REACTOR; DESIGN AB We are carrying out a multidisciplinary multi-institutional program to develop the scientific and technical basis for inertial fusion energy (IFE) based on laser drivers and direct-drive targets. The key components are developed as an integrated system, linking the science, technology, and final application of a 1000-MWe pure-fusion power plant. The science and technologies developed here are flexible enough to be applied to other size systems. The scientific justification for this work is a family of target designs (simulations) that show that direct drive has the potential to provide the high gains needed for a pure-fusion power plant. Two competing lasers are under development: the diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPPSL) and the electron-beam-pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) gas laser. This paper will present the current state of the art in the target designs and lasers, as well as the other IFE technologies required for energy, including final optics (grazing incidence and dielectrics), chambers, and target fabrication, injection, and tracking technologies. All of these are applicable to both laser systems and to other laser IFE-based concepts. However, in some of the higher performance target designs, the DPPSL will require more energy to reach the same yield as with the KrF laser. C1 [Sethian, J. D.; Colombant, D. G.; Giuliani, J. L., Jr.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Myers, M. C.; Obenschain, S. P.; Schmitt, A. J.; Weaver, J.; Wolford, M. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hegeler, F.; Friedman, M.; Robson, A. E.] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Bayramian, A.; Caird, J.; Ebbers, C.; Latkowski, J.; Hogan, W.; Meier, W. R.; Perkins, L. J.; Schaffers, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kahlik, S. Abdel; Schoonover, K.; Sadowski, D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Boehm, K.; Carlson, L.; Pulsifer, J.; Najmabadi, F.; Raffray, A. R.; Tillack, M. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kulcinski, G.; Blanchard, J. P.; Heltemes, T.; Ibrahim, A.; Marriott, E.; Moses, G.; Radell, R.; Sawan, M.; Santarius, J.; Sviatoslavsky, G.; Zenobia, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ghoniem, N. M.; Sharafat, S.; El-Awady, J.; Hu, Q.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Duty, C.; Leonard, K.; Romanoski, G.; Snead, L. L.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gentile, C.; Parsells, W.; Prinksi, C.; Kozub, T.; Dodson, T.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Rose, D. V.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Renk, T.; Olson, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Alexander, N.; Bozek, A.; Flint, G.; Goodin, D. T.; Hund, J.; Paguio, R.; Petzoldt, R. W.; Schroen, D. G.; Sheliak, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Bernat, T.; Bittner, D.; Karnes, J.; Petta, N.; Streit, J.] Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Geller, D.; Hoffer, J. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Glidden, S. C.; Sanders, H.] Appl Pulsed Power Inc, Freeville, NY 13068 USA. [McGeoch, M. W.] PLEX Corp, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. [Weidenheimer, D.; Morton, D.; Smith, I. D.] L3 Pulse Sci Inc, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Bobecia, M.; Harding, D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Lehecka, T.] Penn State Electroopt Ctr, State Coll, PA 16229 USA. [Gilliam, S. B.; Gidcumb, S. M.; Forsythe, D.; Parikh, N. R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Gorensek, M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [O'Dell, S.] Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI El-Awady, Jaafar/A-8020-2010; Gorensek, Maximilian/B-5298-2012; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010; Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013; Romanoski, Glenn/E-5703-2017; OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481; Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336; Romanoski, Glenn/0000-0002-6874-5071; Gorensek, Maximilian/0000-0002-4322-9062; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915; Geller, Drew/0000-0001-8046-8495; Karnes, John/0000-0002-2917-8406 NR 80 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 690 EP 703 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037629 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581OC UT WOS:000276532400003 ER PT J AU Tribble, DR Baqar, S Scott, DA Oplinger, ML Trespalacios, F Rollins, D Walker, RI Clements, JD Walz, S Gibbs, P Burg, EF Moran, AP Applebee, L Bourgeois, AL AF Tribble, David R. Baqar, Shahida Scott, Daniel A. Oplinger, Michael L. Trespalacios, Fernando Rollins, David Walker, Richard I. Clements, John D. Walz, Steven Gibbs, Paul Burg, Edward F., III Moran, Anthony P. Applebee, Lisa Bourgeois, A. Louis TI Assessment of the Duration of Protection in Campylobacter jejuni Experimental Infection in Humans SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CLINICAL-FEATURES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DENDRITIC CELLS; PHASE VARIATION; RAW-MILK; IN-VIVO; CHILDREN; THAILAND; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE AB A human Campylobacter jejuni infection model provided controlled exposure to assess vaccine efficacy and investigate protective immunity for this important diarrheal pathogen. A well-characterized outbreak strain, C. jejuni 81-176, was investigated using a volunteer experimental infection model to evaluate the dose range and duration of protection. Healthy Campylobacter-seronegative adults received C. jejuni strain 81-176 via oral inoculation of 10(5), 10(7), or 10(9) CFU (5 adults/dose), which was followed by clinical and immunological monitoring. Based on dose range clinical outcomes, the 10(9)-CFU dose (n = 31) was used to assess homologous protection at 28 to 49 days (short-term veterans [STV]; n = 8) or 1 year (long-term veterans [LTV]; n = 7) after primary infection. An illness dose effect was observed for naive subjects (with lower doses, 40 to 60% of the subjects were ill; with the 10(9)-CFU dose, 92% of the subjects were ill) along with complete protection for the STV group and attenuated illness for the LTV group (57%). Partial resistance to colonization was seen in STV (25% of the subjects were not infected; 3-log-lower maximum excretion level). Systemic and mucosal immune responses were robust in naive subjects irrespective of the dose or the severity of illness. In contrast, in STV there was a lack of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC), reflecting the local mucosal effector responses. LTV exhibited comparable ASC responses to primary infection, and anamnestic fecal IgA responses likely contributed to self-resolving illness prior to antibiotic treatment. Campylobacter antigen-dependent production of gamma interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was strongly associated with protection from illness, supporting the hypothesis that TH1 polarization has a primary role in acquired immunity to C. jejuni. This study revealed a C. jejuni dose-related increase in campylobacteriosis rates, evidence of complete short-term protection that waned with time, and immune response patterns associated with protection. C1 [Tribble, David R.; Baqar, Shahida; Scott, Daniel A.; Rollins, David; Walz, Steven; Burg, Edward F., III; Applebee, Lisa; Bourgeois, A. Louis] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Oplinger, Michael L.; Trespalacios, Fernando; Gibbs, Paul] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Clements, John D.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Walker, Richard I.] Antex Biol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Moran, Anthony P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. RP Tribble, DR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dtribble@usuhs.mil FU [643807A.849.D.A0002] FX This work was supported by Work Unit no. 643807A.849.D.A0002. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2010 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1750 EP 1759 DI 10.1128/IAI.01021-09 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 570FA UT WOS:000275656400034 PM 20086085 ER PT J AU Adkins, RM Krushkal, J Magann, EF Klauser, CK Morrison, JC Ramsey, R Somes, G AF Adkins, Ronald M. Krushkal, Julia Magann, Everett F. Klauser, Chad K. Morrison, John C. Ramsey, Risa Somes, Grant TI Association of maternally inherited GNAS alleles with African-American male birth weight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OBESITY LA English DT Article ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM TYPE 1A; ALPHA-S; K121Q POLYMORPHISM; GROWTH-RETARDATION; SUBSEQUENT RISK; ENPP1 VARIANTS; COMPLEX TRAITS; HAPLOTYPE MAP AB Objective. Human birth weight variation has a significant genetic component and important clinical consequences. We performed a survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 candidate genes to identify associations with birth weight variation. Methods. SNP variation was surveyed in 221 healthy African-American mother-newborn pairs. Genes were selected based on previous association with obesity-related traits, significant differences in circulating protein levels in low birth weight pregnancies or association with newborn size in model organisms or growth disorders in humans. Association was tested via multiple linear regression with adjustment for significant covariables. Results. Under a dominant model SNP rs7754561 of ENPPI was significantly associated with birth weight. Among imprinted loci, maternal genotypes for SNP rs6026576 of GNAS were significantly associated with birth weight (additive and dominant models). This association was restricted to male offspring. Analyses that distinguished between alleles of paternal and maternal origin demonstrated that only maternally-transmitted alleles were associated with birth weight and that this association was restricted to male newborns. Conclusion. The effect of only maternally-transmitted alleles of GNAS may be a consequence of the complex splicing and imprinting pattern of the GNAS gene, although the reason this effect is observed only among male newborns is unclear. C1 [Adkins, Ronald M.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Krushkal, Julia; Somes, Grant] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Magann, Everett F.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Klauser, Chad K.; Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Ramsey, Risa] Univ TN Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Memphis, TN USA. RP Adkins, RM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 308 W Patient Tower,50 N Dunlap, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. EM radkins1@utmem.edu OI Klauser, Chad/0000-0002-1320-7575 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD055462]; Children's Foundation Research Center of Memphis; University of Tennessee Health Science Center's Clinical Translational Science Institute; Accredo Foundation; Urban Child Institute to support the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE); National Center for Research Resources [M01RR00211] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by grants to RMA from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD055462), the Children's Foundation Research Center of Memphis, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center's Clinical Translational Science Institute, and the Accredo Foundation. Support was also provided to GS from The Urban Child Institute to support the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study. Additional support was provided by a grant from the National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00211; University of Tennessee Health Science Center General Clinical Research Center). We gratefully acknowledge the laboratory expertise of Jeanette Peeples and the subject recruitment and sample collection by CANDLE staff. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1747-7166 J9 INT J PEDIATR OBES JI Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. PD APR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.3109/17477160903111714 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 565JG UT WOS:000275286300008 PM 19593725 ER PT J AU Ferrer, G Dew, N Apte, U AF Ferrer, Geraldo Dew, Nicholas Apte, Uday TI When is RFID right for your service? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE RFID; Technology management; Service operations; Service x process matrix ID RADIO-FREQUENCY-IDENTIFICATION; OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT; FUTURE-RESEARCH; TECHNOLOGY; INVENTORY; PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; DELIVERY; CHAIN; MODEL AB Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that is being applied increasingly to services. We study several different RFID applications in services to discover how this technology can be used to enhance various aspects of service delivery, and what costs and benefits arise from it. We use a wellknown conceptual framework that has been used to explain the evolution of services to show how RFID generally impacts service operations in a variety of scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ferrer, Geraldo; Dew, Nicholas; Apte, Uday] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ferrer, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gferrer@nps.edu OI Ferrer, Geraldo/0000-0003-1395-6143 FU Acquisitions Research Program FX The authors wish to acknowledge Alexandre Ferrer and two anonymous referees for providing numerous suggestions that greatly improved this study. We are thankful to Retired Rear Admiral Jim Greene, the Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Chair, and to Prof. Keith Snider, director of the Acquisitions Research Program, for securing the necessary research funds and supporting our work. NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5273 EI 1873-7579 J9 INT J PROD ECON JI Int. J. Prod. Econ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 124 IS 2 BP 414 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.12.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 568MF UT WOS:000275525800012 ER PT J AU Saldua, NS Harris, JF LeClere, LE Girard, PJ Carney, JR AF Saldua, Nelson S. Harris, James F. LeClere, Lance E. Girard, Paul J. Carney, Joseph R. TI Plantar Flexion Influences Radiographic Measurements of the Ankle Mortise SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID DELTOID LIGAMENT; OPERATIVE TREATMENT; STRESS RADIOGRAPHS; CLEAR SPACE; FRACTURES; POSITION; INJURY; MALLEOLUS; REPAIR; JOINT AB Background: The treatment of ankle fractures often depends on the integrity of the deltoid ligament. Diagnosis of a deltoid ligament tear depends on the measurement of the medial clear space. We sought to evaluate the impact of ankle plantar flexion on the medial clear space. Methods: Mortise radiographs were made for twenty-five healthy volunteers, with the ankle in four positions of plantar flexion (0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees). Four observers measured the medial clear space and the superior clear space on each radiograph. The mean medial clear space at 0 was defined as the control, and the deviation of the medial clear space from the control value was calculated at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees of plantar flexion. The ratio of the medial clear space to the superior clear space was determined on all radiographs, and ratios that were false-positive for a deltoid ligament injury were identified. Results: Fourteen male and eleven female volunteers were evaluated. The average increase in the medial clear space when ankle plantar flexion was increased from 0 degrees to 45 degrees was 0.38 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.58 mm). This increase was significant (p = 0.005). The average increase in the medial clear space was 0.04 mm when ankle plantar flexion was increased from 0 degrees to 15 degrees and 0.22 mm when it was increased from 0 degrees to 3 degrees. Neither of these changes was significant (p = 0.99 and 0.20). The prevalence of false-positive findings of deltoid injury based on the ratio of the medial clear space to the superior clear space increased as ankle plantar flexion increased, but this increase did not reach significance in our study group (p = 0.18). Conclusions: Plantar flexion of the ankle produces changes in radiographic measurements of the medial clear space. The potential for false-positive findings of deltoid disruption increases with increasing ankle plantar flexion. C1 [Harris, James F.; LeClere, Lance E.; Girard, Paul J.; Carney, Joseph R.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Saldua, NS (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nelson.saldua@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 92A IS 4 BP 911 EP 915 DI 10.2106/JBJS.I.00084 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 581MD UT WOS:000276526400017 PM 20360515 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Gibbins, C Hudson, NR Jones, MS AF Metzgar, David Gibbins, Carl Hudson, N. Ryan Jones, Morris S. TI Evaluation of Multiplex Type-Specific Real-Time PCR Assays Using the LightCycler and Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System Platforms for Detection and Quantitation of Adult Human Respiratory Adenoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; MILITARY RECRUITS; PNEUMONIA; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPE; DISEASE AB Every year, thousands of basic military trainees in each service of the U. S. Armed Forces experience acute respiratory disease. The majority of this disease burden results from infection with human adeno-viruses. We designed single- and multiplex assays that detect and discriminate adenovirus types B3, E4, B7, B11, B14, and B21. A total of 116 oropharyngeal swab specimens obtained from patients at the Naval Health Research Center were used to validate the new assays. Type- specific singleplex assays were designed and used independently to successfully identify 94 representative patient specimens. The lower limits of detection for our singleplex real-time PCR assays were calculated to be 50, 500, 500, 50, 50, and 50 genomic copies per reaction for human adenovirus type B3 (HAdV-B3), HAdV-E4, HAdV-B7, HAdV-B11, HAdV-B14, and HAdV-B21, respectively. These were then multiplexed to increase efficiency and tested against singleplex assays using titrated controls. The HAdV-B3/B11 and HAdV-E4/B7 multiplex assays were as sensitive and specific as they were individually. The HAdV-B14/B21 multiplex assay was not as efficient at detecting HAdV-B14 as the singleplex assay. Interestingly, a statistically significant difference was found between the viral loads of HAdV-B14 and those of HAdV-B3, -E4, -B7, and -B21 (P < 0.001). The assays did not cross-react with other adenoviruses, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, or respiratory disease-causing bacteria. These assays have the potential to be useful as clinical diagnostic tools for the detection of HAdV infection in adult populations. C1 [Gibbins, Carl; Hudson, N. Ryan; Jones, Morris S.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U. S. Air Force Surgeon General-approved Clinical Investigation [FDG20080024E, FDG20080020E, FDG20080022E, FDG20080023E, FDG20080029E] FX We thank Ginny Gildengorn for statistical analysis and critical analysis of the manuscript.; The work reported herein was performed under U. S. Air Force Surgeon General-approved Clinical Investigation no. FDG20080024E, FDG20080020E, FDG20080022E, FDG20080023E, and FDG20080029E.; Informed consent was obtained in writing. The views expressed in this material are ours and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U. S. government, the Department of Defense, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of the Army. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1128/JCM.01600-09 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576OC UT WOS:000276153200053 PM 20053853 ER PT J AU Kajon, AE Dickson, LM Metzgar, D Houng, HS Lee, V Tan, BH AF Kajon, Adriana E. Dickson, Laura M. Metzgar, David Houng, Huo-Shu Lee, Vernon Tan, Boon-Huan TI Outbreak of Febrile Respiratory Illness Associated with Adenovirus 11a Infection in a Singapore Military Training Camp SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME TYPES; RECRUITS; DISEASE; PCR; HEALTHY; TYPE-11; ADULTS; GENE AB Outbreak cases of acute respiratory disease (ARD) associated with subspecies B2 human adenovirus 11a (HAdV-11a) infection were detected during 2005 in a military basic training camp in Singapore. The Singapore HAdV-11a strain is highly similar to other Asian strains of HAdV-11, including strain QS-DLL, which is responsible for the recently described 2006 outbreak of ARD in China. C1 [Kajon, Adriana E.; Dickson, Laura M.] LRRI, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, NHRC, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Houng, Huo-Shu] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Vernon] Biodef Ctr, Singapore 778910, Singapore. [Tan, Boon-Huan] Def Med & Environm Res Inst, Detect & Diagnost Lab, DSO Natl Labs, Singapore 117510, Singapore. RP Kajon, AE (reprint author), LRRI, Program Infect Dis, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM akajon@lrri.org RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; Division of the U.S. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Singapore Ministry of Defense FX Funding for this work was provided by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, a Division of the U.S. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the Singapore Ministry of Defense. We declare that no financial conflict of interest exists.; Views and opinions of and endorsements by the authors do not reflect those of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of the Navy, or the United States and Singapore governments. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal and international regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (DoD protocol NHRC. 1999.0002). NR 36 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1438 EP 1441 DI 10.1128/JCM.01928-09 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576OC UT WOS:000276153200064 PM 20129957 ER PT J AU Ridgway, S Venn-Watson, S AF Ridgway, Sam Venn-Watson, Stephanie TI Effects of fresh and seawater ingestion on osmoregulation in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dolphin; Marine mammal; Osmoregulation; Fresh water; Seawater ID PUPS MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; DIETARY-PROTEIN INTAKE; PHOCA-VITULINA L; RENAL-FUNCTION; WATER-BALANCE; HARP SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; HARBOR SEAL; PLASMA AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are marine mammals with body water needs challenged by little access to fresh water and constant exposure to salt water. Osmoregulation has been studied in marine mammals for a century. Research assessing the effects of ingested fresh water or seawater in dolphins, however, has been limited to few animals and sampling times. Nine 16- to 25-h studies were conducted on eight adult dolphins to assess the hourly impact of fresh water, seawater, and seawater with protein ingestion on plasma and urine osmolality, urine flow rate (ufr), urinary and plasma solute concentrations, and solute clearance rates. Fresh water ingestion increased ufr. Fresh water ingestion also decreased plasma and urine osmolality, sodium and chloride urine concentrations, and solute excretion rates. Seawater ingestion resulted in increased ufr, sodium, chloride, and potassium urine concentrations, sodium excretion rates, and urine osmolality. Seawater with protein ingestion was associated with increased ufr, plasma osmolality, sodium excretion, and sodium, chloride, potassium, and urea urine concentrations. In conclusion, bottlenose dolphins appear to maintain water and plasma solute balance after ingesting fresh water or seawater by altering urine osmolality and solute clearance. Ingestion of protein with seawater appears to further push osmoregulation limits and urine solute concentrations in dolphins. C1 [Ridgway, Sam] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ridgway, Sam; Venn-Watson, Stephanie] USN, Marine Mammal Program Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Ridgway, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0679, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sam.ridgway@nmmpfoundation.org; stephanie@epitracker.com NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 180 IS 4 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s00360-009-0439-0 PG 14 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 570VY UT WOS:000275707600008 PM 20044753 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Forest, M. Gregory Wang, Hongyun TI A Special Issue on Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Forest, M. Gregory] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Forest, M. Gregory] Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 SI SI BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1166/jctn.2010.1408 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 574QO UT WOS:000276007300001 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Forest, M. Gregory Wang, Hongyun TI Mathematical Studies and Simulations of Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers and Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Nanocomposites; Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers; Multifunctional Properties ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS TECHNIQUES; KINETIC-THEORY PROBLEMS; HIGH-SHEAR RATES; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; CLOSURE APPROXIMATIONS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RODLIKE POLYMERS; POISEUILLE FLOWS; PLANE COUETTE AB Nematic liquid crystal polymers and nanocomposites have wide-ranging applications in modern technology including display devices, ultra-fast switches, high strength fibers, and materials with enhanced multi-functional properties including thermal, dielectric, electrical, and barrier properties. In this review article we provide an overview of selected mathematical issues and numerical simulations of nematic liquid crystal polymers and rigid rod nanocomposites. Some open questions will be addressed. C1 [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Forest, M. Gregory] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Forest, M. Gregory] Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; Army Research Office FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Science Foundation, and the Army Research Office. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 SI SI BP 645 EP 660 DI 10.1166/jctn.2010.1409 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 574QO UT WOS:000276007300002 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW AlRowaijeh, J Kidd, D AF Kwon, Y. W. AlRowaijeh, J. Kidd, D. TI Multiscale Analysis of Stationary and Flowing Media with Particle Inclusion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Multiscale Analysis; Molecular Dynamics; Fluid Dynamics; Particle Laden Flow ID CARBON NANOTUBES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ENHANCEMENT; COMPOSITES AB Both continuum and discrete atomic analyses were conducted for stationary media and moving fluids with inclusion of submicron-size or nano-size particles. The finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics analysis were conducted for continuum models, and the molecular dynamics was used for the discrete atomic models. As far as particles are concerned, submicron-size particles were considered for the continuum models while nano-size particles were included in the atomic models. The study investigated the effects of particles on effective heat transfer, flow profiles, and the resulting pressure on the boundary walls, which would be important for fluid-structure interaction behaviors if the boundary walls were flexible rather than rigid. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; AlRowaijeh, J.; Kidd, D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 SI SI BP 700 EP 708 DI 10.1166/jctn.2010.1414 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 574QO UT WOS:000276007300007 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Zhou, H AF Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Phase Diagram of Nematic Polymer Monolayers with the Onsager Interaction Potential SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nematic Polymers; Phase Diagram; Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transition; Onsager Intermolecular Potential; Maier-Saupe Intermolecular Potential; Smoluchowski Equation; Free Energy of a Polymer Ensemble; Stability of an Equilibrium State ID MOLECULAR KINETIC-EQUATION; RIGID-ROD MODEL; SHEAR-FLOW; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; RODLIKE POLYMERS; WEAK SHEAR; BIFURCATION-ANALYSIS; MONODOMAIN RESPONSE AB We present an asymptotic study on the phase diagram of two-dimensional nematic liquid crystal polymer monolayers with the Onsager intermolcular potential. In contrast to the case of Maier-Saupe interaction potential where there is only one nematic branch, our analysis reveals that there are infinite many nematic branches in the case of the Onsager interaction potential. An asymptotic expression is derived for each nematic branch. For small polymer concentration the isotropic branch is the only equilibrium state. As the polymer concentration is increased, nematic branches appear one by one, starting with the first nematic branch. The polymer orientation distribution of the first nematic branch has a two fold rotational symmetry, the second branch has a four fold rotational symmetry, the third branch has a six fold rotational symmetry, and so on. To determine the stability of these nematic branches, we derive an asymptotic expression of free energy for each nematic branch. We find that free energies of all nematic branches are lower than that of the isotropic state, and the first nematic branch has the lowest free energy among all branches. To further investigate the stability and meta-stability, we carry out asymptotic analysis of the free energy when each nematic state is perturbed. We conclude that (1) the isotropic branch is stable until the first nematic branch appears, (2) the first nematic branch is stable, and (3) the isotropic branch (after the appearance of the first nematic branch) and all other nematic branches are unstable when perturbed by the leading Fourier mode in the first nematic branch. We also present a spectrum numerical method for calculating nematic branches and free energies. The spectrum method yields results that are accurate up to the computer precision. All of asymptotic results are confirmed by numerical results obtained with the spectrum method. C1 [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, HY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06313G003]; National Science Foundation FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant F1ATA06313G003 and by the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 SI SI BP 738 EP 755 DI 10.1166/jctn.2010.1417 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 574QO UT WOS:000276007300010 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Harding, AK Horan, D Hughes, RE Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Raino, S Rando, R Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Torres, DF Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Zaharijas, G Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Raino, S. Rando, R. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Torres, D. F. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Zaharijas, G. Ziegler, M. TI Constraints on cosmological dark matter annihilation from the Fermi-LAT isotropic diffuse gamma-ray measurement SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter theory; dark matter simulations; dark matter experiments ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; HALOES; GALAXY; FLUCTUATIONS; SUBSTRUCTURE; EMISSION; BLAZARS; MODELS AB The first published Fermi large area telescope (Fermi-LAT) measurement of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is in good agreement with a single power law, and is not showing any signature of a dominant contribution from dark matter sources in the energy range from 20 to 100 GeV. We use the absolute size and spectral shape of this measured flux to derive cross section limits on three types of generic dark matter candidates: annihilating into quarks, charged leptons and monochromatic photons. Predicted gamma-ray fluxes from annihilating dark matter are strongly affected by the underlying distribution of dark matter, and by using different available results of matter structure formation we assess these uncertainties. We also quantify how the dark matter constraints depend on the assumed conventional backgrounds and on the Universe's transparency to high-energy gamma-rays. In reasonable background and dark matter structure scenarios (but not in all scenarios we consider) it is possible to exclude models proposed to explain the excess of electrons and positrons measured by the Fermi-LAT and PAMELA experiments. Derived limits also start to probe cross sections expected from thermally produced relics (e. g. in minimal supersymmetry models) annihilating predominantly into quarks. For the monochromatic gamma-ray signature, the current measurement constrains only dark matter scenarios with very strong signals. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Starck, J. -L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Carrigan, S.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; McEnery, J. E.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.; Zaharijas, G.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Guillemot, L.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Zaharijas, G.] CEA, Inst Phys Theor, IPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM conrad@fysik.su.se; michael.gustafsson@pd.infn.it; sellerholm@phyto.se; gabrijela.zaharijas@cea.fr RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; European Union FP6 Marie Curie Research & Training Network 'UniverseNet' [MRTN-CT-2006-035863]; National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Italy FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; M. Gustafsson and G. Zaharijas acknowledge support from the European Union FP6 Marie Curie Research & Training Network 'UniverseNet' (MRTN-CT-2006-035863). M. Gustafsson also thanks the National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Italy for their support. NR 85 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 014 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/04/014 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 596KV UT WOS:000277684600019 ER PT J AU Kirch, J Garrod, T Kim, S Park, JH Shin, JC Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Song, X Babcock, SE Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kuan, TS AF Kirch, Jeremy Garrod, Toby Kim, Sangho Park, Joo H. Shin, Jae C. Mawst, L. J. Kuech, T. F. Song, X. Babcock, S. E. Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Kuan, Tung-Sheng TI InAS(y)P(1-y) metamorphic buffer layers on InP substrates for mid-IR diode lasers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; Quantum wells; Antimonides; Phosphides; Laser diodes ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; INASP LAYERS; GROWTH; STRAIN AB The defect-trapping effectiveness of an InAsP metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) design was investigated by studying the light-emission characteristics of InAs quantum wells grown on the MBL, along with structural characterization through SIMS and TEM measurements. Using a fixed recipe for the MBL, several separate confinement heterostructures (SCHs) were studied using 8-band k.p simulations, HRXRD, SEM, optical microscope and variable-temperature photoluminescence. Room temperature PL was observed at wavelengths near 3 mu m, although the PL intensity drops significantly for samples with wavelengths longer than 2.85 mu m. Laser operation was achieved at 77 K at a wavelength of 2.45 mu m and threshold as low as 290 A/cm(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirch, Jeremy; Garrod, Toby; Kim, Sangho; Park, Joo H.; Shin, Jae C.; Mawst, L. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kuech, T. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Song, X.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Babcock, S. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kuan, Tung-Sheng] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Kirch, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jdkirch@wisc.edu; mawst@engr.wisc.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.057 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100026 ER PT J AU Friedman, LS Blaschke, GS Klam, WP Stein, MT AF Friedman, Lawrence S. Blaschke, Gregory S. Klam, Warren P. Stein, Martin T. TI ADHD, Medication and the Military Service: A Pediatrician's Dilemma SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB CASE: 19-year old male was admitted to a trauma service after falling from a height of 20 feet while rope climbing during military basic training activity. He climbed to the top of the rope but was unable to navigate a series of other activities at the top, became distracted, and fell. He sustained superficial injuries but was admitted to the hospital for observation. An Adolescent Medicine consult was obtained consistent with the trauma service protocol. During that consultation, a comprehensive past medical history was initially negative. On further inquiry however, when asked "Are you supposed to take any medications?" the patient revealed that several years earlier he was diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Medication at that time was associated with improvement in school performance. He progressed from being a poor student to successfully completing freshman year at college prior to enlistment. He knew medication for ADHD would prevent enlistment, so he did not reveal the disorder or medication to his recruiter. While obtaining this history the patient was talkative, easily distracted and admitted that his concentration and ability to follow instructions was significantly enhanced on medication. For a consultant, the dilemma became how to handle this potentially important piece of history. Inability to follow instructions may have contributed to this hospitalization and had the potential to put him and his colleagues in greater future jeopardy. Revealing this history might also cause discharge from the military. C1 [Friedman, Lawrence S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Primary Care Pediat & Adolescent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Klam, Warren P.] USN, Med Ctr, Directorate Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Blaschke, Gregory S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Stein, Martin T.] Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Friedman, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Primary Care Pediat & Adolescent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 SU S BP S60 EP S63 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181d831b5 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 589WS UT WOS:000277185500017 PM 20414078 ER PT J AU Flack, KA Schultz, MP AF Flack, Karen A. Schultz, Michael P. TI Review of Hydraulic Roughness Scales in the Fully Rough Regime SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Review DE boundary layers; drag; friction; rough surfaces; surface roughness ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WALL; FLOW; PIPE AB A review of predictive methods used to determine the frictional drag on a rough surface is presented. These methods utilize a wide range of roughness scales, including roughness height, pitch, density, and shape parameters. Most of these scales were developed for regular roughness, limiting their applicability to predict the drag for many engineering flows. A new correlation is proposed to estimate the frictional drag for a surface covered with three-dimensional, irregular roughness in the fully rough regime. The correlation relies solely on a measurement of the surface roughness profile and builds on previous work utilizing moments of the surface statistics. A relationship is given for the equivalent sandgrain roughness height as a function of the root-mean-square roughness height and the skewness of the roughness probability density function. Boundary layer similarity scaling then allows the overall frictional drag coefficient to be determined as a function of the ratio of the equivalent sandgrain roughness height to length of the surface. C1 [Flack, Karen A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, Michael P.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM flack@usna.edu; mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 FU Office of Naval Research; USNA Hydromechanics Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this research. Thanks also go to Professor Ian Castro of the University of Southampton and Professor Lex Smits of Princeton University for providing surface samples, surface profiles, and data used in this research. Finally, the authors acknowledge the superior support given to this research by USNA Hydromechanics Laboratory and USNA Technical Support Branch. NR 60 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 041203 DI 10.1115/1.4001492 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 586UU UT WOS:000276939900008 ER PT J AU Madala, SK Pesce, JT Ramalingam, TR Wilson, MS Minnicozzi, S Cheever, AW Thompson, RW Mentink-Kane, MM Wynn, TA AF Madala, Satish K. Pesce, John T. Ramalingam, Thirumalai R. Wilson, Mark S. Minnicozzi, Samantha Cheever, Allen W. Thompson, Robert W. Mentink-Kane, Margaret M. Wynn, Thomas A. TI Matrix Metalloproteinase 12-Deficiency Augments Extracellular Matrix Degrading Metalloproteinases and Attenuates IL-13-Dependent Fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; HEPATIC-FIBROSIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; LIVER FIBROSIS; INFLAMMATION; IL-13; REVEAL; MICE; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES AB Infection with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni causes significant liver fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important regulators of the ECM by regulating cellular inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition, and tissue reorganization. MMP12 is a macrophage-secreted elastase that is highly induced in the liver and lung in response to S. mansoni eggs, confirmed by both DNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis. However, the function of MMP12 in chronic helminth-induced inflammation and fibrosis is unclear. In this study, we reveal that MMP12 acts as a potent inducer of inflammation and fibrosis after infection with the helminth parasite S. mansoni. Surprisingly, the reduction in liver and lung fibrosis in MMP12-deficient mice was not associated with significant changes in cytokine, chemokine, TGF-beta 1, or tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase expression. Instead, we observed marked increases in MMP2 and MMP13 expression, suggesting that Mmp12 was promoting fibrosis by limiting the expression of specific ECM-degrading MMPs. Interestingly, like MMP12, MMP13 expression was highly dependent on IL-13 and type II-IL-4 receptor signaling. However, in contrast to MMP12, expression of MMP13 was significantly suppressed by the endogenous IL-13 decoy receptor, IL-13R alpha 2. In the absence of MMP12, expression of IL-13R alpha 2 was significantly reduced, providing a possible explanation for the increased IL-13-driven MMP13 activity and reduced fibrosis. As such, these data suggest important counter-regulatory roles between MMP12 and ECM-degrading enzymes like MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 in Th2 cytokine-driven fibrosis. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 3955-3963. C1 [Wynn, Thomas A.] NIAID, Immunopathogenesis Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pesce, John T.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Cheever, Allen W.] Biomed Res Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Wynn, TA (reprint author), NIAID, Immunopathogenesis Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 50 South Dr,Room 6154,MSC 8003, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM twynn@niaid.nih.gov RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NR 40 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 7 BP 3955 EP 3963 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0903008 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 573PV UT WOS:000275927600074 PM 20181883 ER PT J AU Elgebaly, S Perez, D Sullivan, K Whitaker, C Caspe, S Yi, Q Kreutzer, D AF Elgebaly, Salwa Perez, Daniel Sullivan, Kathleen Whitaker, Craig Caspe, Stephanie Yi, Qiao Kreutzer, Donald TI Nourexin-4 A Novel Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Influenza Flu SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Elgebaly, Salwa] Nour Heart Inc, Res & Dev, Edgewater, MD USA. [Perez, Daniel] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sullivan, Kathleen] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Whitaker, Craig; Caspe, Stephanie] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Yi, Qiao; Kreutzer, Donald] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 184 SU 1 MA 52.1 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OM UT WOS:000209758301169 ER PT J AU Pedrozo, R AF Pedrozo, Raul (Pete) TI Is it Time for the United States to Join the Law of the Sea Convention? SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME LAW AND COMMERCE LA English DT Article C1 [Pedrozo, Raul (Pete)] USN, Int Law Dept, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pedrozo, Raul (Pete)] USN, Int & Operat Law Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Pedrozo, R (reprint author), USN, Int Law Dept, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JEFFERSON LAW BOOK COMPANY PI BALTIMORE PA 2100 HUNTINGDON AVE, BALTIMORE, MD 21211 USA SN 0022-2410 J9 J MARIT LAW COMMER JI J. Marit. Law Commer. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 PG 16 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 632RF UT WOS:000280444500001 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Cooper, KP AF Lambrakos, S. G. Cooper, K. P. TI A General Algorithm for Inverse Modeling of Layer-By-Layer Liquid-Metal Deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE modeling processes; powder metallurgy; shaping AB In order that freeform fabrication techniques, which entail layer-by-layer liquid-metal deposition, transition from prototyping to manufacturing, these techniques must be made reliable and consistent. Accordingly, detailed microstructural and thermal characterizations of the structures produced are needed in order to advance these fabrication techniques. The inherent complexity of layer-by-layer liquid-metal deposition, which is characteristic of energy and mass deposition processes in general, is such that process modeling based on basic theory alone, which represents the direct-problem approach, is extremely difficult. A general approach to overcoming the difficulties associated with this inherent complexity is the inverse problem approach. Presented here is a general algorithmic structure for inverse modeling of heat transfer that occurs during layer-by-layer fabrication. This general algorithmic structure represents an extension and refinement of an algorithmic structure presented previously and is potentially adaptable for prediction of temperature histories within parts having complex geometries and for the construction of process-control algorithms. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Cooper, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s11665-009-9497-4 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 568RU UT WOS:000275541100002 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Shinyashiki, N Thayyil, MS AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Shinyashiki, N. Thayyil, M. Shahin TI Recent progress in understanding relaxation in complex systems SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dielectric Spectroscopy and Its Applications CY AUG 26-29, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE Biomaterials; Dielectric properties; Relaxation; Electric modulus; Glass transition; Structural relaxation; Hydration; Water ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASSY IONIC CONDUCTORS; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; CONSTANT LOSS; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION AB The evolution of dynamics with time in complex interacting systems is shown to be general. The caged dynamics exemplified by the nearly constant loss (NCL), is followed in time and terminated by the primitive relaxation, which is called the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation in the case of glass-forming substances. The latter is the precursor of the many-body relaxation process which increases in length-scale with time until the terminal relaxation is reached to determine the transport coefficient. Using experimental data, we show these three ubiquitous features in the dynamics are inter-related as shown by correlations in their properties, and hence all must be considered together. The dynamics of hydrated proteins are chosen here as an example for detailed discussion. These three major processes and their inter-relations are found in hydrated proteins. An interpretation of the data follows along the line of other complex systems exhibiting similar dynamics. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Capaccioli, S.; Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, INFM,PolyLab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shinyashiki, N.] Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. [Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Calicut, Kerala, India. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 356 IS 11-17 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.03.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 583HU UT WOS:000276665500003 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, J. T. Fontanella, J. J. Shlesinger, M. F. Wintersgill, M. C. TI Defect diffusion and temperature vs. density effects for glass formers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dielectric Spectroscopy and Its Applications CY AUG 26-29, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE Dielectric properties; Relaxation; Theory; Pressure effects ID BISPHENOL-A-POLYCARBONATE; FREE-VOLUME THEORY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLYVINYL ACETATE); DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; TRANSITION AB The ratio of the apparent isochoric activation energy to the isobaric activation enthalpy, E(V)*/(H)* or E(V)/E(P), is treated within the framework of the defect diffusion model (DOM). This ratio is a quantitative measure of the relative sensitivity of kinetic processes to changes in volume and temperature, respectively. The new equation is tested using dielectric relaxation data for poly(vinyl acetate) and predictions are made for polycarbonate, propylene carbonate and glycerol. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found. Finally, the physics of the ratio is identified. It is shown that the volume change upon clustering is responsible for the magnitude of the ratio. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bendler, J. T.; Fontanella, J. J.; Shlesinger, M. F.; Wintersgill, M. C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bendler, J. T.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Shlesinger, M. F.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fontanel@comcast.net NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 356 IS 11-17 BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.03.012 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 583HU UT WOS:000276665500005 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Kang, W Krener, A Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Kang, Wei Krener, Arthur Wang, Hongyun TI Observability of viscoelastic fluids SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Observability; Observability rank condition; Unscented Kalman filter; Viscoelastic models ID NORMAL STRESS DIFFERENCE; SHEAR-FLOW; SUSPENSIONS AB We apply the observability rank condition to study the observability of various viscoelastic fluids under imposed shear or extensional flows. In this paper the observability means the ability of determining the viscoelastic stress from the time history of the observations of the first normal stress difference. We consider four viscoelastic models: the upper convected Maxwell (UCM) model, the Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) model, the Johnson-Segalman (JS) model and the Giesekus model. Our study reveals that all of the four models have observability for all stress components almost everywhere under shear flow whereas under extensional flow most of the models have no observability for the shear stress component. More specifically, for UCM and JS models under imposed shear flow, the observations of the first normal stress difference allow the reconstruction of all components of viscoelastic stress. For UCM and JS models under extensional flow, the two normal stress components can be determined from the measurements of the first normal stress difference; the shear stress component does not affect the evolution of the normal stress components and consequently it cannot be extracted from the observations. Under shear flow, the PTT and Giesekus models have observability almost everywhere. That is, all components of the viscoelastic stress can be determined from the observations when the vector formed by the components of viscoelastic stress does not lie on a certain surface. Under extensional flow, the PTT model has observability almost everywhere for normal stress components whereas the Giesekus model has observability almost everywhere for all stress components. We also run simulations using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to reconstruct the viscoelastic stress from observations without and with noises. The UKF yields accurate and robust estimates for the viscoelastic stress both in the absence and in the presence of observation noises. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhou, Hong; Kang, Wei; Krener, Arthur] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,SP 250, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06313G003]; Army Research Office; National Science Foundation FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant F1ATA06313G003, the Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation. The authors thank the anonymous referees for their constructive suggestions on improving this manuscript. The authors also thank Qi Gong for helpful discussions on UKF. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD APR PY 2010 VL 165 IS 7-8 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2010.01.025 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 578HT UT WOS:000276285000010 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Doherty, DA Lutgendorf, MA Magann, MI Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Doherty, Dorota A. Lutgendorf, Monica A. Magann, Marcia I. Chauhan, Suneet P. Morrison, John C. TI Peripartum outcomes of high-risk pregnancies complicated by oligo- and polyhydramnios: A prospective longitudinal study SO JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oligohydramnios; perinatal outcomes; polyhydramnios; pregnancy outcomes ID AMNIOTIC-FLUID VOLUME; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; SINGLE DEEPEST POCKET; BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE; IDIOPATHIC POLYHYDRAMNIOS; WEEKS GESTATION; INDEX; OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS; WOMEN AB Aim: To determine pregnancy outcomes in high-risk non-anomalous singleton pregnancies with oligo- and polyhydramnios. Methods: In high-risk pregnancies undergoing antenatal testing, the last amniotic fluid index (AFI) prior to delivery in pregnancies with polyhydramnios (> 97.5th percentile) and oligohydramnios (< 2.5th percentile) was correlated with pregnancy outcomes. Results: There were 2597 pregnancies with a normal AFI (2.5th-97.5th percentile), 73 with hydramnios (AFI > 97.5th percentile) and 72 with oligohydramnios (< 2.5th percentile). Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios adversely influenced different pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies with polyhydramnios versus normal AFI were more likely to have: an abnormal tracing influencing delivery (29% vs 17%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-3.45, P = 0.009), cesarean delivery performed due to fetal labor intolerance (21% vs 7%, OR = 3.89, 95%CI 2.10-7.18, P < 0.001), increased birthweight (P = 0.016), Apgar score < 7 at 5 min (8% versus 1%, OR = 6.41, 95%CI 1.12-16.22, P = 0.001) and newborn intensive care unit admission (10% versus 5%, OR = 2.24, 95%CI 1.12-4.49, P = 0.023). Pregnancies with oligohydramnios versus normal AFI had a greater risk of labor induction (18% vs 9%, OR = 3.18, 95%CI 1.62-6.25, P = 0.001), intrauterine growth restriction (25% vs 9%, OR = 3.4, 95%CI 1.94-5.97, P < 0.001) and preterm delivery (29% vs 17%, OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.17-3.31, P = 0.010). Conclusions: Fetal heart rates influencing delivery, cesarean deliveries for fetal labor intolerance, low 5-min Apgar scores, increased neonatal birthweight, and newborn intensive care unit admissions were more common with polyhydramnios. The fetuses of pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios had a greater risk of labor induction, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery. C1 [Magann, Everett F.; Lutgendorf, Monica A.; Magann, Marcia I.] USN, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Doherty, Dorota A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), USN, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM everett.magann@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1341-8076 J9 J OBSTET GYNAECOL RE JI J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01145.x PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 574US UT WOS:000276020200008 PM 20492376 ER PT J AU Schall, JD Gao, GT Harrison, JA AF Schall, J. David Gao, Guangtu Harrison, Judith A. TI Effects of Adhesion and Transfer Film Formation on the Tribology of Self-Mated DLC Contacts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; SUPERLOW-FRICTION; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; RAMAN TRIBOMETRY; TRIPLE JUNCTIONS AB Diamond and diamondlike carbon (DLC) films exhibit It wide range of sometimes contradictory tribological behavior. Experimentally, isolating the influences of factors such as filth structure, testing conditions, and environmental effects has proven difficult. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the effects of film structure, passivation, adhesion, tribochemistry, and load oil the tribology of self-plated DLC contacts. Addition of hydrogen to a DLC film causes a large decrease ill the unsaturated carbon bonds tit the interface of the film when compared to both the bulk and non-hydrogenated films. These unsaturated carbon atones serve as initiation points for the formation of covalent bonds between the counterface and the film. These adhesive interactions cause an increase in friction during sliding. The formation and breaking of covalent bonds during sliding results ill the formation of a transfer him. When covalent bonds break, friction decreases and there is a concomitant increase ill the local temperature emanating from the interface. These simulations reveal that reducing unsaturated atoms, both sp- and sp(2)-hybridized carbon, at the sliding interface reduces the number of adhesive interactions, alters the transfer film formed, and reduces friction. In addition, these simulations support support and elucidate the passivation hypothesis for DLC friction. C1 [Schall, J. David; Gao, Guangtu; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012; Schall, J. David/J-9795-2012 FU AFOSR [FIATA09086G002]; ONR [N0001409WR20155] FX J.D.S. and G.A.O. acknowledge support from AFOSR under contract FIATA09086G002 and as part of the Extreme Friction MURI, respectively. JAM. also acknowledges Support from the ONR (N0001409WR20155) and AFOSR. NR 89 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5321 EP 5330 DI 10.1021/jp904871t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600007 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Gunlycke, Daniel Mintmire, John W. White, Carter T. TI Robust Ballistic Transport in Narrow Armchair-Edge Graphene Nanoribbons with Chemical Edge Disorder SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; DENSITY; WIRES AB A semiempirical model based on density functional results is used to study the effects of chemical edge disorder on the transport properties of armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons. Despite a strong scattering potential induced by substituting randomly F for H atoms along their edges, carriers injected close to the band gap in ribbons as narrow as 4.8 nm exhibit ballistic transport over hundreds of nanometers. The results indicate that robust ballistic transport can be maintained in the presence of chemical edge disorder so long as the terminating atoms and/or functional groups remain one-fold-coordinated to the edges and do not contribute states to the pi-network within several eV of the gap. C1 [Gunlycke, Daniel; White, Carter T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mintmire, John W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke.sw@nrl.navy.mil; carter.white@nrl.navy.mil OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 FU ONR; NRL; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46362] FX This work is supported by ONR directly and through NRL. J.W.M. acknowledges support From DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46362. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1082 EP 1085 DI 10.1021/jz100046q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 588BN UT WOS:000277041300014 ER PT J AU Merritt, KA Fimmen, R Sass, B Foote, E Mills, MA Leather, J Magar, V AF Merritt, Karen A. Fimmen, Ryan Sass, Bruce Foote, Eric Mills, Marc A. Leather, Jim Magar, Victor TI Characterization of contaminant migration potential in the vicinity of an in-place sand cap SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Chemical migration; Groundwater; Intertidal; PAH; Sand cap ID HARBOR SUPERFUND SITE; SEDIMENTS; PAHS AB This study characterized the chemical transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the vicinity of a sand cap placed in the nearshore zone of a tidal marine embayment. Groundwater seepage was investigated along the perimeter and within the footprint of the sand cap, with results verifying the presence of significant freshwater upwelling shoreward of the sand cap boundary. The depth distribution of PAHs and TPH was assessed in sediment cores collected from within the cap area footprint. The depth distribution of PAHs and TPH demonstrated a spatial pattern of elevated chemical concentrations in the shoreward zone of the capped area, consistent with the spatial pattern of elevated freshwater flux. Visual inspection of recovered cores confirmed the presence of a fine-grained, low-conductivity sediment layer underlying the sand cap, with material properties of this layer potentially suggesting compaction following placement of the sand cap. This fine-grained sediment layer was not evident in the shoreward zone of the capped area. The presence of the aquitard under the sand cap, coupled with the apparent erosion of this fine-grained layer in the higher energy shoreward zone, suggests the potential for enhanced groundwater seepage in the shoreward zone of the sand cap. It is hypothesized that enhanced groundwater flux is responsible for the elevated concentrations of PAH and TPH observed in core profiles collected from the zone characterized by elevated freshwater seepage and tidal pumping and that the fine-grained sediment layer that serves as an aquitard impedes groundwater flux within the cap area footprint. In effect, the absence of groundwater seepage observed for those stations within the footprint of the sand cap has likely resulted from compaction of the native sediment strata, whether or not compaction resulted directly from cap placement. C1 [Merritt, Karen A.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Fimmen, Ryan; Sass, Bruce; Foote, Eric] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Mills, Marc A.] USEPA NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Leather, Jim] USN, SPAWAR, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magar, Victor] ENVIRON Int Corp, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Merritt, KA (reprint author), ENVIRON Int Corp, 136 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04102 USA. EM kmerritt@environcorp.com RI Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017 OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [W912HQ-05-C-0043] FX This work was funded by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under Contract Number W912HQ-05-C-0043, as Environmental Restoration Program 1370. The authors acknowledge M. Nearman, J. Wallace and the USEPA Region 10 Dive Team, K. LaProwse, M. Bailey, and B. Bachman of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, and D. Heyer of CH2MHill for support and logistical assistance during this field investigation. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 440 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s11368-009-0175-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 571XT UT WOS:000275790400012 ER PT J AU Utz, ER Elster, EA Tadaki, DK Gage, F Perdue, PW Forsberg, JA Stojadinovic, A Hawksworth, JS Brown, TS AF Utz, Edward R. Elster, Eric A. Tadaki, Douglas K. Gage, Frederick Perdue, Philip W. Forsberg, Jonathan A. Stojadinovic, Alexander Hawksworth, Jason S. Brown, Trevor S. TI Metalloproteinase Expression is Associated with Traumatic Wound Failure SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Luminex; MMP-2; MMP-3; MMP-7; effluent; multiplex; dehiscence; acute wound; VAC ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EXTREMITY WOUNDS; ENDURING FREEDOM; THERAPY; BLAST; MECHANISMS; INJURIES; BIOLOGY AB Background. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial in the inflammatory and remodeling phases of wound healing. We previously reported the correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and timing of successful combat-wound closure. We now extend our studies to investigate the correlation between wound-remodeling MMP expression and wound healing. Methods. Thirty-eight wounds in 25 patients with traumatic extremity combat wounds were prospectively studied. Surgical debridement with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device application was repeated every 48 to 72h until surgical wound closure. Wound effluent and patient serum were collected at each wound debridement and analyzed for five matrix metalloproteinases using the Luminex multiplex system; Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA. The primary outcome was wound healing within 30 d of definitive wound closure. Impairment was defined as delayed wound closure (>21 d from injury) or wound dehiscence. MMP expression was compared between impaired and normal healing wounds. Results. Elevated levels of serum MMP-2 and MMP-7 and reduced levels of effluent MMP3 were seen in impaired wounds (n = 9) compared with wounds that healed (n = 29; P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.744, 0.783, and 0.805, respectively. Conclusions. Impaired wound healing is characterized by pro-inflammatory MMP-2 and MMP-7. Serum and effluent concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7 can effectively predict the outcome of traumatic war wounds and can potentially provide decision-supportive, objective evidence for the timing of wound closure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Utz, Edward R.; Elster, Eric A.; Tadaki, Douglas K.; Gage, Frederick; Forsberg, Jonathan A.; Hawksworth, Jason S.; Brown, Trevor S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander; Hawksworth, Jason S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Utz, Edward R.; Elster, Eric A.; Tadaki, Douglas K.; Forsberg, Jonathan A.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Perdue, Philip W.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan A.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Integrated Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brown, TS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Regenerat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Trevor.Brown@med.navy.mil RI Brown, Trevor/K-4703-2012; Brown, Trevor/F-7392-2015 OI Brown, Trevor/0000-0001-7042-785X; Brown, Trevor/0000-0001-7042-785X FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [PE 0604771 N]; Alpha Omega Alpha Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowship FX The multidisciplinary care of these patients would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of everyone at NNMC. Both civilian and military personnel have rendered skilled and compassionate care for these casualties. All of our efforts are dedicated to those who have been placed in harm's way for the good of our nation. This effort was supported (in part) by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Medical Development Program (PE 0604771 N) and in part by an Alpha Omega Alpha Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowship. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 159 IS 2 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2009.08.021 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 575MU UT WOS:000276072000005 PM 20056248 ER PT J AU Van Uffelen, LJ Worcester, PF Dzieciuch, MA Rudnick, DL Colosi, JA AF Van Uffelen, Lora J. Worcester, Peter F. Dzieciuch, Matthew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Colosi, John A. TI Effects of upper ocean sound-speed structure on deep acoustic shadow-zone arrivals at 500-and 1000-km range SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic wave velocity; underwater sound ID PARABOLIC EQUATION; LONG-RANGE; WAVE; PROPAGATION; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; CAUSTICS; BOTTOM; FIELDS AB Deep acoustic shadow-zone arrivals observed in the late 1990s in the North Pacific Ocean reveal significant acoustic energy penetrating the geometric shadow. Comparisons of acoustic data obtained from vertical line arrays deployed in conjunction with 250-Hz acoustic sources at ranges of 500 and 1000 km from June to November 2004 in the North Pacific, with simulations incorporating scattering consistent with the Garrett-Munk internal-wave spectrum, are able to describe both the energy contained in and vertical extent of deep shadow-zone arrivals. Incoherent monthly averages of acoustic timefronts indicate that lower cusps associated with acoustic rays with shallow upper turning points (UTPs), where sound-speed structure is most variable and seasonally dependent, deepen from June to October as the summer thermocline develops. Surface-reflected rays, or those with near-surface UTPs, exhibit less scattering due to internal waves than in later months when the UTP deepens. Data collected in November exhibit dramatically more vertical extension than previous months. The depth to which timefronts extend is a complex combination of deterministic changes in the depths of the lower cusps as the range-average profiles evolve with seasonal change and of the amount of scattering, which depends on the mean vertical gradients at the depths of the UTPs. C1 [Van Uffelen, Lora J.; Worcester, Peter F.; Dzieciuch, Matthew A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Colosi, John A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Van Uffelen, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lvanuffe@ucsd.edu RI Dzieciuch, Matthew/F-9342-2013; Rudnick, Daniel/J-8948-2016 OI Rudnick, Daniel/0000-0002-2624-7074 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0182, N00014-07-1-0270] FX The SPICEX data set which formed the basis of this paper is a product of the hard work of many individuals. The authors would especially like to thank D. Horwitt, L. Green, J. Kemp, M. Norenberg, and K. Wage. The experiment was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-03-1-0182. L. J. Van Uffelen was also supported by the Office of Naval Research Graduate Traineeship Award No. N00014-07-1-0270. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2169 EP 2181 DI 10.1121/1.3292948 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 580DC UT WOS:000276426100021 PM 20369998 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Reichmuth, C AF Mulsow, Jason Reichmuth, Colleen TI Psychophysical and electrophysiological aerial audiograms of a Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE auditory evoked potentials; bioacoustics; hearing ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; EVOKED-POTENTIAL AUDIOMETRY; HEARING MEASUREMENTS; HARBOR SEAL; PINNIPEDS; SENSITIVITY; THRESHOLDS; NOISE AB A within-subject comparison of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and psychophysical measurements of aerial hearing sensitivity was conducted with an individual of the largest otariid species, the Steller sea lion. Psychophysical methods were used to obtain an unmasked aerial audiogram at 13 frequencies, spanning a range of 0.125-34 kHz. The subject had a hearing range (frequencies audible at 60 dB(rms) re 20 mu Pa) of about 0.250-30 kHz, and a region of best hearing sensitivity from 5-14.1 kHz. The psychophysical aerial audiogram of this Steller sea lion was remarkably similar to aerial audiograms previously obtained for California sea lions and northern fur seals, suggesting that the otariid pinnipeds form a functional hearing group. ASSR thresholds, measured at frequencies of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 32 kHz, were elevated relative to corresponding psychophysical thresholds, ranging from +1 dB at 20 kHz, to +31 dB at 1 kHz. The ASSR audiogram accurately predicted the subject's high-frequency cutoff, and provided a reasonable estimate of hearing sensitivity at frequencies above 2 kHz. In testing situations where psychophysical methods are not possible, ASSR methods may provide an objective and efficient estimate of behavioral hearing sensitivity in otariid pinnipeds. C1 [Mulsow, Jason] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Reichmuth, Colleen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM jason.mulsow@gmail.com FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology FX This study would not have been possible without the involvement of Traci Kendall and Beau Richter, who conducted all animal training associated with psychophysical data collection. The authors also thank Frances Gulland, Terrie Williams, Tracy Romano, Lisa Mazzaro, and Mike Osborn for providing access to the subject, and Martin Haulena and the veterinary staff of Mystic Aquarium for providing veterinary care. James J. Finneran developed the EVREST software used to collect the ASSR audiogram, and provided helpful technical support. Brian Lynn provided assistance during the evoked potential portion of the study. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ronald Schusterman and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on this manuscript. The electrophysiological portion of this study was supported in part by the NOAA Ocean Acoustics program in the National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology. All research was conducted under NMFS Marine Mammal Permit No. 932-1489-09, and the authors thank Teri Rowles and the NMFS Office of Protected Resources for their participation in this effort. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at the University of California, Santa Cruz and the Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2692 EP 2701 DI 10.1121/1.3327662 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 580DC UT WOS:000276426100072 PM 20370049 ER PT J AU Manos, GH AF Manos, Gail H. TI War and the Military Family SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEPLOYMENT; CHILDREN C1 [Manos, Gail H.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Manos, Gail H.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), 2054 Hallmark Way, Chesapeake, VA 23323 USA. EM ghmanos@cox.net NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.005 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 576OF UT WOS:000276153500001 PM 20410720 ER PT J AU Lester, P Peterson, K Reeves, J Knauss, L Glover, D Mogil, C Duan, N Saltzman, W Pynoos, R Wilt, K Beardslee, W AF Lester, Patricia Peterson, Kris Reeves, James Knauss, Larry Glover, Dorie Mogil, Catherine Duan, Naihua Saltzman, William Pynoos, Robert Wilt, Katherine Beardslee, William TI The Long War and Parental Combat Deployment: Effects on Military Children and At-Home Spouses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE military children; deployment stress; family risk ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; VIETNAM VETERANS; SERVICE MEMBERS; FAMILIES; ADJUSTMENT; DEPRESSION; SEPARATION; SOLDIERS AB Objective: Given the growing number of military service members with families and the multiple combat deployments characterizing current war time duties, the impact of deployments on military children requires clarification. Behavioral and emotional adjustment problems were examined in children (aged 6 through 12) of an active duty Army or Marine Corps parent currently deployed (CD) or recently returned (RR) from Afghanistan or Iraq. Method: Children (N = 272) and their at-home civilian (AHC) (N = 163) and/or recently returned active duty (AD) parent (N = 65) were interviewed. Child adjustment outcomes were examined in relation to parental psychological distress and months of combat deployment (of the AD) using mixed effects linear models. Results: Parental distress (AHC and AD) and cumulative length of parental combat related deployments during the child's lifetime independently predicted increased child depression and externalizing symptoms. Although behavioral adjustment and depression levels were comparable to community norms, anxiety was significantly elevated in children in both deployment groups. In contrast, AHC parental distress was greater in those with a CD (vs. RR) spouse. Conclusions: Findings indicate that parental combat deployment has a cumulative effect on children that remains even after the deployed parent returns home, and that is predicted by psychological distress of both the AD and AHC parent. Such data may be informative for screening, prevention, and intervention strategies. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(4):310-320. C1 [Lester, Patricia; Glover, Dorie; Mogil, Catherine; Saltzman, William; Pynoos, Robert; Wilt, Katherine] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Peterson, Kris; Knauss, Larry] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Reeves, James] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Duan, Naihua] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Beardslee, William] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lester, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Semel Inst, 760 Westwood Plaza,Room A8-159, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM plester@mednet.ucla.edu FU National Institute for Child and Human Development [R03 HD049451] FX This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute for Child and Human Development (R03 HD049451). NR 48 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 10 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.003 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 576OF UT WOS:000276153500005 PM 20410724 ER PT J AU Braun, SA Montgomery, MT Mallen, KJ Reasor, PD AF Braun, Scott A. Montgomery, Michael T. Mallen, Kevin J. Reasor, Paul D. TI Simulation and Interpretation of the Genesis of Tropical Storm Gert (2005) as Part of the NASA Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; NWP SYSTEM; MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION AB Several hypotheses have been put forward for the mechanisms of generation of surface circulation associated with tropical cyclones. This paper examines high-resolution simulations of Tropical Storm Gert (2005), which formed in the Gulf of Mexico during NASA's Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes Experiment, to investigate the development of low-level circulation and its relationship to the precipitation evolution. Two simulations are examined: one that better matches available observations but underpredicts the storm's minimum sea level pressure and a second one that somewhat overintensifies the storm but provides a set of simulations that encapsulates the overall genesis and development characteristics of the observed storm. The roles of convective and stratiform precipitation processes within the mesoscale precipitation systems that formed Gert are discussed. During 21-25 July, two episodes of convective system development occurred. In each, precipitation system evolution was characterized by intense and deep convective upward motions followed by increasing stratiform-type vertical motions (upper-level ascent, low-level descent). Potential vorticity (PV) in convective regions was strongest at low levels while stratiform-region PV was strongest at midlevels, suggesting that convective processes acted to spin up lower levels prior to the spinup of middle levels by stratiform processes. Intense vortical hot towers (VHTs) were prominent features of the low-level cyclonic vorticity field. The most prominent PV anomalies persisted more than 6 h and were often associated with localized minima in the sea level pressure field. A gradual aggregation of the cyclonic PV occurred as existing VHTs near the center continually merged with new VHTs, gradually increasing the mean vorticity near the center. Nearly concurrently with this VHT-induced development, stratiform precipitation processes strongly enhanced the mean inflow and convergence at middle levels, rapidly increasing the midlevel vorticity. However, the stratiform vertical motion profile is such that while it increases midlevel vorticity, it decreases vorticity near the surface as a result of low-level divergence. Consequently, the results suggest that while stratiform precipitation regions may significantly increase cyclonic circulation at midlevels, convective vortex enhancement at low to midlevels is likely necessary for genesis. C1 [Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mallen, Kevin J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reasor, Paul D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Braun, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM scott.a.braun@nasa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X FU NASA; Center for Earth Atmosphere Studies; [NNG07HU171] FX The authors thank Drs. David Raymond and Roger Smith and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar at NASA Headquarters with funds from the NASA TCSP program. M. T. Montgomery was supported through Multi-Interagency Procurement Request NNG07HU171. K. Mallen was supported through a fellowship from the Center for Earth Atmosphere Studies, a cooperative agreement between NASA and CSU. The simulations were conducted on NASA Center for Computational Sciences facilities. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 67 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1025 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3140.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585MK UT WOS:000276829400007 ER PT J AU Hansell, RA Tsay, SC Ji, Q Hsu, NC Jeong, MJ Wang, SH Reid, JS Liou, KN Ou, SC AF Hansell, R. A. Tsay, S. C. Ji, Q. Hsu, N. C. Jeong, M. J. Wang, S. H. Reid, J. S. Liou, K. N. Ou, S. C. TI An Assessment of the Surface Longwave Direct Radiative Effect of Airborne Saharan Dust during the NAMMA Field Campaign SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MINERAL AEROSOLS; EXPERIMENT SHADE; C-130 AIRCRAFT; AFRICAN DUST; PUERTO-RICO; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; CLOUD AB In September 2006, NASA Goddard's mobile ground-based laboratories were deployed to Sal Island in Cape Verde (16.73 degrees N. 22.93 degrees W) to support the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (NAMMA) field study. The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), a key instrument for spectrally characterizing the thermal IR, was used to retrieve the dust IR aerosol optical depths (AOTs) in order to examine the diurnal variability of airborne dust with emphasis on three separate dust events. AERI retrievals of dust AOT are compared with those from the coincident/collocated multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), micropulse lidar (MPL), and NASA Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) sensors. The retrieved AOTs are then inputted into the Fu-Liou 1D radiative transfer model to evaluate local instantaneous direct longwave radiative effects (DRELW) of dust at the surface in cloud-free atmospheres and its sensitivity to dust microphysical parameters. The top-of-atmosphere DRELW and longwave heating rate profiles are also evaluated. Instantaneous surface DRELW ranges from 2 to 10 W m(-2) and exhibits a strong linear dependence with dust AOT yielding a DRELW of 16 W m(-2) per unit dust AOT. The DRELW is estimated to be similar to 42% of the diurnally averaged direct shortwave radiative effect at the surface but of opposite sign, partly compensating for the shortwave losses. Certainly nonnegligible, the authors conclude that DRELW can significantly impact the atmospheric energetics, representing an important component in the study of regional climate variation. C1 [Hansell, R. A.; Tsay, S. C.; Ji, Q.; Hsu, N. C.; Jeong, M. J.; Wang, S. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hansell, R. A.; Ji, Q.; Wang, S. H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jeong, M. J.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wang, S. H.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Liou, K. N.; Ou, S. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Liou, K. N.; Ou, S. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hansell, RA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov RI Jeong, Myeong/B-8803-2008; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/F-4532-2010; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/0000-0001-9675-3135; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; FU NASA FX We are grateful to Dr. Jose Pimenta Lima and his staff at INMG for their logistical support and for providing daily radiosonde data. Participation of SMART-COMMIT was supported by Dr. Hal Maring, NASA Radiation Science Program. The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network, managed by Dr. E. J. Welton, was funded by NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program. Dr. Reid's participation was funded through the NASA CALIPSO science team and Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. We acknowledge the AERONET program managed by Dr. B. Holben. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. We are grateful to Dr. J. Haywood for his constructive and insightful comments. We also thank Drs. T. Roush and C. Zender for the mineral datasets, W. Feltz for providing the AERIPLUS code, and Dr. M. Mishchenko for his T-matrix light-scattering code. Lastly we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful remarks. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1065 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3257.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585MK UT WOS:000276829400009 ER PT J AU Buono, MJ Martha, SL Heaney, JH AF Buono, Michael J. Martha, Sandra Leichliter Heaney, Jay H. TI Peripheral sweat gland function, but not whole-body sweat rate, increases in women following humid heat acclimation SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Core temperature; Pilocarpine-induced sweat rate; Whole-body sweat rate ID DRY-HEAT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; MEN; EXERCISE; STRESS; GENDER; SKIN AB The purpose of this study was to compare both the whole-body and pharmacological-induced sweat rates of men and women following humid heat acclimation. Whole-body sweat rate was significantly (P<0.05) increased 20% in men following heat acclimation; however, it was essentially unchanged in women. The most important new finding was that humid heat acclimation produced a significant (P<0.05) 60-70% increase in pilocarpine-induced sweat rate in both men and women. These results suggest that humid heat acclimation significantly improves peripheral sweat gland function equally in both men and women. However, during exercise in humid heat, the increased peripheral sweat capacity in women is suppressed via either pre- or post-glandular mechanisms, thus limiting wasteful sweat production. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buono, Michael J.; Martha, Sandra Leichliter] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Heaney, Jay H.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Buono, MJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, MC 7251, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM mbuono@mail.sdsu.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.01.004 PG 4 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 579MF UT WOS:000276374100004 ER PT J AU Chen, RC Feinberg, EA AF Chen, Richard C. Feinberg, Eugene A. TI Compactness of the space of non-randomized policies in countable-state sequential decision processes SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Markov decision processes; Compactness; Non-randomized policies AB For sequential decision processes with countable state spaces, we prove compactness of the set of strategic measures corresponding to nonrandomized policies. For the Borel state case, this set may not be compact (Piunovskiy, Optimal control of random sequences in problems with constraints. Kluwer, Boston, p. 170, 1997) in spite of compactness of the set of strategic measures corresponding to all policies (Schal, On dynamic programming: compactness of the space of policies. Stoch Processes Appl 3(4):345-364, 1975b; Balder, On compactness of the space of policies in stochastic dynamic programming. Stoch Processes Appl 32(1):141-150, 1989). We use the compactness result from this paper to show the existence of optimal policies for countable-state constrained optimization of expected discounted and nonpositive rewards, when the optimality is considered within the class of nonrandomized policies. This paper also studies the convergence of a value-iteration algorithm for such constrained problems. C1 [Chen, Richard C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feinberg, Eugene A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chen, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.chen@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1432-2994 J9 MATH METHOD OPER RES JI Math. Method Oper. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 71 IS 2 BP 307 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s00186-009-0298-1 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 571MB UT WOS:000275754800005 ER PT J AU Millsaps, KT AF Millsaps, Knox T. TI View From The Chair SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Millsaps, KT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM millsaps@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 617AJ UT WOS:000279252800034 ER PT J AU Puri, P Jordan, PM AF Puri, P. Jordan, P. M. TI On a class of Laplace inverses involving doubly-nested square roots and their applications in continuum mechanics SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Laplace transform; Stokes' first problem; Micropolar fluids; Dipolar fluids ID MICROPOLAR FLUID; DIPOLAR FLUID; FLOW AB The exact inverses of a class of Laplace transforms involving doubly-nested square roots and two branch points are presented. From these results the exact solution of Stokes' first problem, a well known initial-boundary value problems (IBVP) in fluid mechanics, for a micropolar fluid is determined. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Puri, P.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NASA GSRP [NGT-13-52706]; ONR/NRL [PE 061153N] FX This work was carried out while P.M.J. held a NASA GSRP Fellowship (NGT-13-52706). The present manuscript was completed while this author was supported by ONR/NRL funding (PE 061153N). NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD APR PY 2010 VL 37 IS 3 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2010.03.006 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 608MQ UT WOS:000278588800003 ER PT J AU Charlton, DG AF Charlton, David G. TI Determination of Minimum Suction Level Necessary for Field Dental Units SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCIES; EQUIPMENT AB A significant problem with most field dental units is that their suction is too weak to effectively remove debris from the mouth. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum clinically acceptable suction level for routine dentistry. A vacuum pump was connected to a high-volume dental evacuation line in a simulated clinical setting and different suction airflow rates were evaluated by nine evaluator dentists for their capability to effectively remove amalgam debris and water. Airflow levels were rated as "clinically acceptable" or "clinically unacceptable" by each evaluator. Data were analyzed using a chi(2) test for trend. Analysis indicated a significant linear trend between airflow and ratings (p < 0.0001). The first airflow level considered by all evaluators as producing clinically acceptable suction was 4.5 standard cubic feet per minute (0.127 standard cubic meters per minute). This value should be the minimum level required for all military field dental units. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Great Lakes, 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. FU Navy Medical Research Command FX The author thanks Mr. Joe La Forge and TSgt Shantelle Mingo for their technical assistance during this study. This work was supported by funding from the Navy Medical Research Command as part of the 6.5 Medical Development FY09 Program. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 4 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GQ UT WOS:000276585100013 PM 20446505 ER PT J AU Knippenberg, MT Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Knippenberg, M. Todd Mikulski, Paul T. Harrison, Judith A. TI Effects of tip geometry on interfacial contact forces SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; NANOTRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; DIAMOND SURFACES; ADHESION; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB Experimental techniques that utilize atomic force microscopy are routinely used to examine tribological properties of tip-sample interactions. While analysis of data obtained with these methods provides values for macroscale properties, such as interfacial shear strength, understanding nanoscale properties, such as contact radius, requires an atomic-scale approach. Molecular dynamics simulations provide the ability to numerically analyze the nanoscale origins of a wide-range of material and tribological properties. In this paper, the sliding contact between a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and two countersurfaces (a nominally flat, amorphous carbon surface and a nearly spherical fullerene tip) is compared. By examining contact forces between the tip and monolayer atoms, large differences in monolayer behavior that occur due to tip geometry can be elucidated. The structure factor reveals that the fullerene tip creates a more disordered monolayer than the amorphous counterface. Friction forces were also studied using the atomic-level contact forces, which show that the depth at which the fullerene tip affects the SAMs substrate is much deeper than the amorphous counterface. The distribution of contact forces that contribute to friction and load were studied and show a difference in behavior between the two countersurfaces. Finally, while there are a large number of atoms that have a non-zero load during sliding, a smaller subset of 32 atoms carries similar to 96% of the load. Using this subset of atoms to compute contact radius reveals a greater agreement with the continuum mechanics models than using all atoms with a non-zero load. This paper highlights how computer simulations can yield insight into tribological interactions at the atomic scale. C1 [Knippenberg, M. Todd; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knippenberg, MT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU ONR [N00014-09-WR20155]; AFOSR [F1ATA09086G002]; Extreme Friction MURI [F1ATA09086G001] FX MTK, PTM and JAH acknowledge support from ONR under contract N00014-09-WR20155. MTK and JAH also acknowledge partial support from AFOSR under contract F1ATA09086G002 and as part of the Extreme Friction MURI (F1ATA09086G001). NR 114 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 AR 034002 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/3/034002 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573HD UT WOS:000275898900003 ER PT J AU Tchesnokova, V McVeigh, AL Kidd, B Yakovenko, O Thomas, WE Sokurenko, EV Savarino, SJ AF Tchesnokova, Veronika McVeigh, Annette L. Kidd, Brian Yakovenko, Olga Thomas, Wendy E. Sokurenko, Evgeni V. Savarino, Stephen J. TI Shear-enhanced binding of intestinal colonization factor antigen I of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIMH ADHESIN; CATCH BONDS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; L-SELECTIN; FORCE; PILI; PROTEINS; FIMBRIAE; DIARRHEA AB P>In the intestine, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli works against peristaltic forces, adhering to the epithelium via the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbrial adhesin CfaE. The CfaE adhesin is similar in localization and tertiary (but not primary) structure to FimH, the type 1 fimbrial adhesin of uropathogenic E. coli, which shows shear-dependent binding to epithelial receptors by an allosteric catch-bond mechanism. Thus, we speculated that CfaE is also capable of shear-enhanced binding. Indeed, bovine erythrocytes coursing over immobilized CFA/I fimbriae in flow chambers exhibited low accumulation levels and fast rolling at low shear, but an 80-fold increase in accumulation and threefold decrease in rolling velocity at elevated shear. This effect was reversible and abolished by pre-incubation of fimbriae with anti-CfaE antibody. Erythrocytes bound to whole CfaE in the same shear-enhanced manner, but to CfaE adhesin domain in a shear-inhibitable fashion. Residue replacements designed to disrupt CfaE interdomain interaction decreased the shear dependency of adhesion and increased binding under static conditions to human intestinal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that close interaction between adhesive and anchoring pilin domains of CfaE keeps the former in a low-affinity state that toggles into a high-affinity state upon separation of two domains, all consistent with an allosteric catch-bond mechanism of CfaE binding. C1 [McVeigh, Annette L.; Savarino, Stephen J.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tchesnokova, Veronika; Sokurenko, Evgeni V.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kidd, Brian; Yakovenko, Olga; Thomas, Wendy E.] Univ Washington, Dept Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Savarino, Stephen J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM evs@u.washington.edu; stephen.savarino@med.navy.mil FU National Institutes of Health [R01 AI050940]; US Army, MIDRP [A0307]; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine FX We gratefully acknowledge Pavel Aprikian and Natalia Korotkova for critical advice and Sami Farid for producing key reagents (anti-CfaE monoclonal antibodies). This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, R01 AI050940 (to E.V.S.), the US Army, MIDRP Work Unit A0307 (to S.J.S.), the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (S.J.S.). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 2 BP 489 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07116.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 583SJ UT WOS:000276699600017 PM 20345656 ER PT J AU Conzemius, RJ Montgomery, MT AF Conzemius, Robert J. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Mesoscale Convective Vortices in Multiscale, Idealized Simulations: Dependence on Background State, Interdependency with Moist Baroclinic Cyclones, and Comparison with BAMEX Observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DIABATIC ROSSBY VORTEX; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WARM-SEASON; SQUALL LINE; PART I; CYCLOGENESIS; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB A set of multiscale, nested, idealized numerical simulations of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) was conducted. The purpose of these simulations was to investigate the dependence of MCV development and evolution on background conditions and to explore the relationship between MCVs and larger, moist baroclinic cyclones. In all experiments, no mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed until a larger-scale, moist baroclinic system with surface pressure amplitude of at least 2 hPa was present. The convective system then enhanced the development of the moist baroclinic system by its diabatic production of eddy available potential energy (APE), which led to the enhanced baroclinic conversion of basic-state APE to eddy APE. The most rapid potential vorticity (PV) development occurred in and just behind the leading convective line. The entire system grew upscale with time as the newly created PV rotated cyclonically around a common center as the leading convective line continued to expand outward. Ten hours after the initiation of deep moist convection, the simulated MCV radii, heights of maximum winds, tangential velocity, and shear corresponded reasonably well to their counterparts in BAMEX. The increasing strength of the simulated MCVs with respect to larger values of background CAPE and shear supports the hypothesis that as long as convection is present, CAPE and shear both add to the strength of the MCV. C1 [Conzemius, Robert J.] Windlogics Inc, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Conzemius, Robert J.; Montgomery, Michael T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Conzemius, RJ (reprint author), Windlogics Inc, 201 NW 4th St, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM robert.conzemius@att.net FU NSF [ATM-0305412] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0305412. We also thank Dr. Christopher Davis of NCAR for providing helpful comments. Additionally, we extend our thanks to Dr. Stanley Trier of NCAR and two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving this manuscript. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2010 VL 138 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1139 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2981.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602CP UT WOS:000278116200007 ER PT J AU Brintlinger, T Lim, SH Baloch, KH Alexander, P Qi, Y Barry, J Melngailis, J Salamanca-Riba, L Takeuchi, I Cumings, J AF Brintlinger, Todd Lim, Sung-Hwan Baloch, Kamal H. Alexander, Paris Qi, Yi Barry, John Melngailis, John Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes Takeuchi, I. Cumings, John TI In Situ Observation of Reversible Nanomagnetic Switching Induced by Electric Fields SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Multiferroic; magnetoelectric; domain wall; Lorentz; in situ ID MEMORY; POLARIZATION; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB We report direct observation of controlled and reversible switching of magnetic domains using static (dc) electric fields applied in situ during Lorentz microscopy. The switching is realized through electromechanical coupling in thin film Fe(0.7)Ga(0.3)/BaTiO(3) bilayer structures mechanically released from the growth substrate. The domain wall motion is observed dynamically, allowing the direct association of local magnetic ordering throughout a range of applied electric fields. During application of similar to 7-11 MV/m electric fields to the piezoelectric BaTiO(3) film, local magnetic domains rearrange in the ferromagnetic Fe(0 7)Ga(0 3) layer due to the transfer of strain from the BaTiO(3) film. A simulation based on micromagnetic modeling shows a magnetostrictive anisotropy of 25 kPa induced in the Fe(0.7)Ga(0.3) due to the strain. This electric-field-dependent uniaxial anisotropy is proposed as a possible mechanism to control the coercive held during operation of an integrated rnagnetoelectric memory node. C1 [Brintlinger, Todd; Lim, Sung-Hwan; Baloch, Kamal H.; Alexander, Paris; Qi, Yi; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes; Takeuchi, I.; Cumings, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brintlinger, Todd] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baloch, Kamal H.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barry, John; Melngailis, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cumings, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cumings@umd.edu RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 FU NSF MRSEC [DMR 0520471]; ONR-MURI [N000140610530]; ARO [W911NF-07-1-0410]; NEDO FX Authors acknowledge funding from NSF MRSEC (DMR 0520471), ONR-MURI N000140610530, ARO W911NF-07-1-0410, and NEDO. We acknowledge useful discussions with M. Wuttig and S. E. Lofland, and we acknowledge S. Kennedy for technical assistance. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NISPLab and FabLab. The NISPLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 25 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1021/nl9036406 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100022 PM 20199031 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. TI Comments on: "Exact solution of Stokes' first problem for heated generalized Burgers' fluid in a porous half-space" [Nonlinear Anal. RWA 9 (2008) 1628] SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Stokes' first problem; Second grade fluids; Laplace transform; Fourier sine transform; Flow in porous media AB We point out and correct a number of misrepresentations and related inaccuracies that appear in the recently published paper [C. Xue, J. Nie, Nonlinear Anal. RWA 9 (2008) 1628]. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1468-1218 J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-REAL JI Nonlinear Anal.-Real World Appl. PD APR PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 BP 1198 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2009.01.010 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 537GL UT WOS:000273101100056 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Feldman, JL Singh, DJ AF Bernstein, N. Feldman, J. L. Singh, D. J. TI Calculations of dynamical properties of skutterudites: Thermal conductivity, thermal expansivity, and atomic mean-square displacement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; REFLECTION SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; MODEL; COSB3; ANTIMONIDES; CRYSTALS AB While the thermal conductivity of the filled skutterudites has been of great interest it had not been calculated within a microscopic theory. Here a central force, Guggenheim-McGlashen, model with parameters largely extracted from first-principles calculations and from spectroscopic data, specific to LaFe(4)Sb(12) or CoSb(3), is employed in a Green-Kubo/molecular dynamics calculation of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. We find that the thermal conductivity of a filled solid is more than a factor of two lower than that of an unfilled solid, assuming the "framework" interatomic force parameters are the same between filled and unfilled solids, and that this decrease is almost entirely due to the cubic anharmonic interaction between filling and framework atoms. In addition, partially as a test of our models, we calculate thermal expansivity and isotropic atomic mean-square displacements using both molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics methods. These quantities are in reasonable agreement with experiment, increasing our confidence in the anharmonic parameters of our models. We also find an anomalously large filling-atom mode Gruneisen parameter that is apparently observed for a filled skutterudite and is observed in a clathrate. C1 [Bernstein, N.; Feldman, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 FU DOE; EERE Vehicle Technologies Propulsion Materials Program; S3TEC EFRC; ONR; NRL FX Work at ORNL was supported by DOE, EERE Vehicle Technologies Propulsion Materials Program and the S3TEC EFRC. Work at NRL was supported by ONR and NRL. J. L. F. is grateful to R. Vienois for valuable communication, and to colleagues at the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, especially R. E. Cohen and R. J. Hemley for stimulating discussions. D. J. S. thanks A. Henry for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134301 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900031 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, I. I. TI Superconductivity and magnetism in CuBiSO from first principles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Cu(1-y)BiSO was recently reported to superconduct at T approximate to 5.8 K at y approximate to 0.15. Band-structure calculations indicate that the stoichiometric CuBiSO is a band insulator. In this Rapid Communication, I show that the hole-doped (whether in the virtual crystal approximation or with actual Cu vacancies) CuBiSO is on the verge of a ferromagnetic instability (cf. Pd metal) and therefore a conventional superconductivity with T(c) similar to 6 K is quite unlikely. Presumably, the hole-doped CuBiSO is another example of superconductivity mediated by spin fluctuations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX I thank Dirk van der Marel for stimulating discussions related to this work and Peter Blaha for a technical consultation. I also acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140508 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200027 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X. H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Charged and strange hadron elliptic flow in Cu plus Cu collisions at root s(NN)=62.4 and 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PHI-MESON PRODUCTION; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; PHASE-TRANSITION; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; SIGNATURE; STAR; COLLABORATION AB We present the results of an elliptic flow, v(2), analysis of Cu + Cu collisions recorded with the solenoidal tracker detector (STAR) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at root s(NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV. Elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum, v(2)(p(T)), is reported for different collision centralities for charged hadrons h(+/-) and strangeness-ontaining hadrons K-S(0), Lambda, Xi, and phi in the midrapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0. Significant reduction in systematic uncertainty of the measurement due to nonflow effects has been achieved by correlating particles at midrapidity, vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0, with those at forward rapidity, 2.5 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 4.0. We also present azimuthal correlations in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV to help in estimating nonflow effects. To study the system-size dependence of elliptic flow, we present a detailed comparison with previously published results from Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. We observe that v(2)(p(T)) of strange hadrons has similar scaling properties as were first observed in Au + Au collisions, that is, (i) at low transverse momenta, p(T) < 2 GeV/c, v(2) scales with transverse kinetic energy, m(T) - m, and (ii) at intermediate p(T), 2 < p(T) < 4 GeV/c, it scales with the number of constituent quarks, n(q.) We have found that ideal hydrodynamic calculations fail to reproduce the centrality dependence of v(2)(p(T)) for K-S(0) and Lambda. Eccentricity scaled v(2) values, v(2)/epsilon, are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions. The comparison with Au + Au collisions, which go further in density, shows that v(2)/epsilon depends on the system size, that is, the number of participants N-part. This indicates that the ideal hydrodynamic limit is not reached in Cu + Cu collisions, presumably because the assumption of thermalization is not attained. C1 [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X. H.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. 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[Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Shi, SS (reprint author), CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM sss@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; FU US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; the US NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; the Korea Research Foundation; the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 70 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044902 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500057 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Chung, SU Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Chung, S. U. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV at the STAR detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HELICITY-COUPLING AMPLITUDES; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; GAMMA-GAMMA; PHOTON; PHYSICS; MASS; QUARKONIA AB We present a measurement of pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) photonuclear production in ultraperipheral Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV from the STAR experiment. The pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) final states are observed at low transverse momentum and are accompanied by mutual nuclear excitation of the beam particles. The strong enhancement of the production cross section at low transverse momentum is consistent with coherent photoproduction. The pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) invariant mass spectrum of the coherent events exhibits a broad peak around 1540 +/- 40 MeV/c(2) with a width of 570 +/- 60 MeV/c(2), in agreement with the photoproduction data for the rho(0)(1700). We do not observe a corresponding peak in the pi(+)pi(-) final state and measure an upper limit for the ratio of the branching fractions of the rho(0)(1700) to pi(+)pi(-) and pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) of 2.5% at 90% confidence level. The ratio of rho(0)(1700) and rho(0)(770) coherent production cross sections is measured to be 13.4 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 4.4(syst.)%. C1 [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Chung, S. U.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. 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G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Yang, Y.; Zhan, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Grebenyuk, O.; Hjort, E.; Jacobs, P.; Kikola, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Ploskon, M. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Ritter, H. G.; Rose, A.; Sakrejda, I.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Tram, V. N.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 FU US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korean Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; the US NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korean Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044901 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500056 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Enhanced vaccine control of epidemics in adaptive networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PULSE VACCINATION; STOCHASTIC EPIDEMICS; MODEL; POPULATION; STRATEGY; IMMUNIZATION; EXTINCTION; COMPLEXITY; CHAOS; TIME AB We study vaccine control for disease spread on an adaptive network modeling disease avoidance behavior. Control is implemented by adding Poisson-distributed vaccination of susceptibles. We show that vaccine control is much more effective in adaptive networks than in static networks due to feedback interaction between the adaptive network rewiring and the vaccine application. When compared to extinction rates in static social networks, we find that the amount of vaccine resources required to sustain similar rates of extinction are as much as two orders of magnitude lower in adaptive networks. C1 [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 FU Jeffress Memorial Trust; Army Research Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NIH, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM090204]; Office of Naval Research FX L.B.S. was supported by the Jeffress Memorial Trust, Army Research Office, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and NIH (Award No. R01GM090204 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences). I.B.S. was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 38 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 046120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.046120 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590ZA UT WOS:000277265900023 PM 20481799 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Lewellen, JW AF Harris, J. R. Lewellen, J. W. TI Transmission of intense electron beams through apertures SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma simulation; plasma-beam interactions AB Apertures are an effective and widely used means for altering the properties of charged particle beams. Despite their conceptual simplicity, they can lead to interesting and seemingly paradoxical behavior. For example, when an intense beam is incident on an aperture, space charge will cause the beam spot size to be a function of beam current. Increasing the beam current can cause the beam area to increase so rapidly that the current density incident on the aperture will decrease, thereby decreasing the current transmitted through the aperture. When the beam source is a gridded electron gun, this will result in a condition of negative transconductance. Here, the properties of such a system are considered. First, a simple approximation is introduced for the expansion of a uniform, intense beam from a waist. This expression is validated by comparison to the full theory and to particle-in-cell simulations. It is then used to consider current transmission through an aperture, including the calculation of key system properties and the effects of changes in several system parameters. Simulations are used to assess the validity of the theory for beams with peaked and hollow transverse distributions, leading to a discussion of nonlinear forces present in the emission plane resulting from space and image charges. C1 [Harris, J. R.; Lewellen, J. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jrharris@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office FX This work was funded by grants from the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1063/1.3353094 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000046 ER PT J AU Litz, MS Merkel, G Pereira, NR Boyer, CN Holland, GE Schumer, JW Seely, JF Hudson, LT Carroll, JJ AF Litz, M. S. Merkel, G. Pereira, N. R. Boyer, C. N. Holland, G. E. Schumer, J. W. Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Carroll, J. J. TI Anomalous fluorescence line intensity in megavoltage bremsstrahlung SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE bremsstrahlung; fluorescence; plasma diagnostics; tungsten ID KEV ENERGY-RANGE; RAY; ELEMENTS AB An anomalous ratio between K alpha and K beta fluorescence interpreted with plasma radiation modeling can be a useful diagnostic in laser-produced plasmas. In cold tungsten there exists a similar but as yet undocumented anomaly: for 2 MeV end point bremsstrahlung in the forward direction K beta/K alpha(1)similar or equal to 1, while this ratio is closer to 0.5 for bremsstrahlung in reflection and for an isolated atom. As in the laser-produced plasma, the anomalous ratio reflects a localized source of fluorescence inside the material combined with differential attenuation of the fluorescence photons on their way out. To measure the similar or equal to 60 keV fluorescence lines, a Cauchois transmission crystal spectrograph that works well for laser-produced plasmas must suppress the intense bremsstrahlung that accompanies the fluorescence, by beefing up marginal shielding and avoiding extraneous scatter sources. C1 [Litz, M. S.; Merkel, G.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. [Pereira, N. R.] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Boyer, C. N.] L3 Commun, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holland, G. E.; Hudson, L. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schumer, J. W.; Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Carroll, J. J.] Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. RP Litz, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. EM pereira@speakeasy.net RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911QX07C0002]; DTRA's Basic Research Sciences [MIPR 08-2468, MIPR 09-2156]; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Army Research Laboratory, Ecopulse's Contract No. W911QX07C0002, and by DTRA's Basic Research Sciences Contract Nos. MIPR 08-2468 and MIPR 09-2156 with the Naval Research Laboratory. N.R.P. thanks R. Kensek (SNL) for discussions about ITS. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 043302 DI 10.1063/1.3389226 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000058 ER PT J AU Mithaiwala, M Rudakov, L Ganguli, G AF Mithaiwala, Manish Rudakov, Leonid Ganguli, Gurudas TI Stability of an ion-ring distribution in a multi-ion component plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma collision processes; plasma density; plasma instability; plasma radiofrequency heating; plasma temperature; plasma waves ID INSTABILITIES DRIVEN; VELOCITY RING; BOW SHOCK; WAVES; BEAM AB The stability of a cold ion-ring velocity distribution in a thermal plasma is analyzed. In particular, the effect of plasma temperature and density on the instability is considered. A high ring density (compared to the background plasma) neutralizes the stabilizing effect of the warm background plasma and the ring is unstable to the generation of waves below the lower-hybrid frequency even for a very high temperature plasma. For ring densities lower than the background plasma density, there is a slow instability where the growth rate is less than the background-ion cyclotron frequency and, consequently, the background-ion response is magnetized. This is in addition to the widely discussed fast instability where the wave growth rate exceeds the background-ion cyclotron frequency and hence the background ions are effectively unmagnetized. Thus, even a low density ring is unstable to waves around the lower-hybrid frequency range for any ring speed. This implies that effectively there is no velocity threshold for a sufficiently cold ring. C1 [Mithaiwala, Manish; Ganguli, Gurudas] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, Leonid] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Mithaiwala, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU ONR; DARPA FX This work was supported by ONR and DARPA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 042113 DI 10.1063/1.3372842 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000014 ER PT J AU Schmitt, AJ Bates, JW Obenschain, SP Zalesak, ST Fyfe, DE AF Schmitt, Andrew J. Bates, Jason W. Obenschain, Steven P. Zalesak, Steven T. Fyfe, David E. TI Shock ignition target design for inertial fusion energy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE explosions; plasma inertial confinement; plasma shock waves; plasma simulation; Rayleigh-Taylor instability ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONFINEMENT FUSION; DECELERATION-PHASE; IMPLOSIONS; COMPRESSION; FACILITY; PELLETS; GAIN AB Continuing work in the design of shock ignition targets is described. Because of reduced implosion velocity requirements, low target adiabats, and efficient drive by short wavelength lasers, these targets produce high gain (>100) at laser energies well below 1 MJ. Effects of hydrodynamic instabilities such as Rayleigh-Taylor or Richtmyer-Meshkov are greatly reduced in these low-aspect ratio targets. Of particular interest is the optimum ratio of ignitor to compression pulse energy. A simple pellet model and simulation-derived coupling coefficients are used to analyze optimal fuel assembly, and determine that shock ignition allows enough control to create theoretically optimum assemblies. The effects on target design due to constraints on the compression and ignitor pulse intensities are also considered and addressed. Significant sensitivity is observed from low-mode perturbations because of large convergence ratios, but a more powerful ignitor can mitigate this. C1 [Schmitt, Andrew J.; Bates, Jason W.; Obenschain, Steven P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zalesak, Steven T.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fyfe, David E.] USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schmitt, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Department of Energy. We wish to thank Dr. R. Betti and Dr. J. Perkins for many useful discussions, and K. Obenschain for his support of the massively parallel computing facilities used for the simulations. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 042701 DI 10.1063/1.3385443 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000038 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM Petrova, T Willingale, L Maksimchuk, A Krushelnick, K AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. Petrova, Tz Willingale, L. Maksimchuk, A. Krushelnick, K. TI Neutron production from Li-7(d,xn) nuclear fusion reactions driven by high-intensity laser-target interactions SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION DATA; DEUTERONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; THICK; LI; YIELDS; PULSE AB Numerical simulations of neutron production from deuterium-lithium nuclear fusion reactions have been performed. A set of differential cross sections for the Li-7(d,xn) reaction for incident deuteron energies of up to 50MeV is assembled. The angular distribution of neutrons from a thick lithium target is simulated and benchmarked against experimental data. Two-stage neutron production from laser-target experiments has been studied as a function of laser intensity and energy. During the first stage a well collimated deuteron beam is generated using a high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser. During the second stage it is transported through a lithium target using a 3D Monte-Carlo ion beam-target deposition model. The neutron yield is estimated to be similar to 10(8) neutrons J(-1) laser energy. Some 10(10) neutrons can be expected from a similar to 100 J petawatt-class laser. For incident deuteron energies above 1 MeV the proposed scheme for neutron production from d-Li reactions is superior to that from d-d reactions, producing a collimated beam of neutrons with higher neutron yield. C1 [Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.; Petrova, Tz] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Willingale, L.; Maksimchuk, A.; Krushelnick, K.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) under the 6.1 program. The authors would like to thank Dr P Pereslavtsev for providing the source file with nuclear data for 7Li(d,xn) reactions. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 AR 045015 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/4/045015 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 571JP UT WOS:000275748400017 ER PT J AU Cadigan, J Schmitt, PM AF Cadigan, John Schmitt, Pamela M. TI Strategic entry deterrence and terrorism: Theory and experimental evidence SO PUBLIC CHOICE LA English DT Article DE Terrorism; Rent-seeking; Experiments; Strategic entry deterrence ID EFFICIENT RENT-SEEKING; REPUTATION; GAME; COUNTERTERRORISM; TOO AB Using a two stage rent-seeking framework, we present a simple model of strategic entry/terrorism deterrence and test the model using laboratory experiments. Our contest success function highlights the potential for strategic spillovers. The theory illustrates that, relative to a cooperative outcome, negative externalities lead to over-spending on deterrence and positive externalities lead to under-spending on deterrence. Our experimental results are broadly consistent; subjects in the negative externality treatment had higher expenditures. In contrast to theoretical predictions, participation decisions, while primarily driven by the probability of winning a contest, were influenced by a subject's ability to participate in multiple contests. C1 [Cadigan, John; Schmitt, Pamela M.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schmitt, PM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pschmitt@usna.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-5829 J9 PUBLIC CHOICE JI Public Choice PD APR PY 2010 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11127-009-9488-x PG 20 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 574LD UT WOS:000275989800001 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Jones, SC AF Riemer, Michael Jones, Sarah C. TI The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ridge building; potential vorticity inversion; tropical-extratropical interaction ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; POTENTIAL VORTICITY INVERSION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT; MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS; CYCLOGENESIS; MIDLATITUDE; SENSITIVITY; EQUATION AB The interaction of a tropical cyclone with a developing baroclinic wave is investigated in an idealized scenario of extratropical transition (ET). The impact of ET is examined by comparing and analyzing two numerical baroclinic-wave experiments: a traditional experiment in which baroclinic development is excited by a localized upper-level perturbation on a realistic jet profile and an experiment in which, additionally, a model tropical cyclone is inserted south of the jet at the initial time. ET occurs in a wavy upper-level flow while baroclinic surface systems are still weak. The characteristic direct impact of ET on the midlatitude flow is the formation of a distinct jet streak and the amplification of a ridge trough couplet in the adjacent downstream region. The subsequent rapid cyclogenesis downstream is a direct consequence of these upper-level flow modifications. This faster and stronger development constitutes the amplification of the leading edge of downstream development. Both the upper-level wave pattern and the surface development are subsequently amplified in the region further downstream. The formation of the ridge adjacent to the intensified downstream cyclone is analyzed in detail to elucidate the next stage in the downstream dispersion of the ET impact. Ridge-building in the ET scenario exhibits characteristics distinct from those in the life-cycle experiment. Wave breaking, feedback from the modified low-level frontal structure and diabatic processes all contribute to the high-amplitude wave pattern downstream of ET. The downstream impact of ET is highly sensitive to the initial storm location and intensity. The considerable amplification of the leading edge found in the reference experiment is the most widespread and rapidly propagating impact. We thus speculate that this leading edge represents an optimal location of the midlatitude circulation, where ET can lead to the most significant impact on the downstream flow. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Riemer, Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Riemer, Michael; Jones, Sarah C.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Root Hall,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mriemer@nps.edu RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009; Jones, Sarah/B-2339-2013 FU Munich Re Group; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; US Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology [N00014-03-1-0185, N00014-06-1-0432]; Royal Meteorological Society FX This work is based on the first author's doctoral thesis, which was funded by the Munich Re Group and the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The authors received support from the US Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology, under grant numbers N00014-03-1-0185 and N00014-06-1-0432. We are grateful to Chris Davis who provided the PV inversion code and supported its use and to Roger K. Smith for his support of this project. The comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the presentation of our results. This work benefited significantly from a visit of the first author to SUNY, Albany, which was possible due to support from the Rupert Ford Award, granted by the Royal Meteorological Society. The first author thanks the Department of Meteorology, in particular Dan Keyser, for the hospitality and inspiring scientific discussions. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 136 IS 648 BP 617 EP 637 DI 10.1002/qj.605 PN A PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 600VF UT WOS:000278016300005 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Horst, TW Grachev, AA Persson, POG Fairall, CW Guest, PS Jordan, RE AF Andreas, Edgar L. Horst, Thomas W. Grachev, Andrey A. Persson, P. Ola G. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Jordan, Rachel E. TI Parametrizing turbulent exchange over summer sea ice and the marginal ice zone SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; bulk turbulent flux algorithm; drag coefficient; fictitious correlation; Monin-Obukhov similarity; roughness lengths; SHEBA; turbulence measurements ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SCALAR TRANSFER; ROUGH SURFACES; DRAG PARTITION; WATER-VAPOR; AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS; SONIC ANEMOMETER AB The surface of the Arctic Ocean in summer is a mix of sea ice and water in both leads and melt ponds. Here we use data collected at multiple sites during the year-long experiment to study the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) to develop a bulk turbulent flux algorithm for predicting the surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat over the Arctic Ocean during summer from readily measured or modelled quantities. The distinctive aerodynamic feature of summer sea ice is that the leads and melt ponds create vertical ice faces that the wind can push against; momentum transfer to the surface is thus enhanced through form drag. In effect, summer sea ice behaves aerodynamically like the marginal ice zone, which is another surface that consists of sea ice and water. In our bulk flux algorithm, we therefore combine our SHEBA measurements of the neutral-stability drag coefficient at a reference height of 10 m, C(DN10), with similar measurements from marginal ice zones that have been reported in the literature to create a unified parametrization for C(DN10) for summer sea ice and for any marginal ice zone. This parametrization predicts C(DN10) from a second-order polynomial in ice concentration. Our bulk flux algorithm also includes expressions for the roughness lengths for temperature and humidity, introduces new profile stratification corrections for stable stratification, and effectively eliminates the singularities that often occur in iterative flux algorithms for very light winds. In summary, this new algorithm seems capable of estimating the friction velocity u(*) (a surrogate for the momentum flux) over summer sea ice with an absolute accuracy of 0.02-0.03 m s(-1); the sensible heat flux, with an accuracy of about 6 W m(-2); and the latent heat flux, with an accuracy of 3.5 W m(-2). Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Horst, Thomas W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Jordan, Rachel E.] PC, Jordan Environm Modeling, Hanover, NH USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, 25 Eagle Ridge, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM eandreas@nwra.com FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [06-11942, 06-12428]; NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory; Naval Postgraduate School; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX07AL77G] FX The US National Science Foundation (NSF) supported our initial participation in SHEBA with awards to the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory (now the Earth System Research Laboratory), the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. NSF also supported our use of the Flux-PAM stations from the facilities pool at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Both NSF (award 06-11942) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (award NNX07AL77G) supported ELA at NorthWest Research Associates during the preparation of this manuscript, and NSF also supported POGP with award 06-12428. We thank Donald K. Perovich for providing his data on lead and melt pond coverage during SHEBA and Thomas C. Grenfell for his related measurements of surface water temperature in these features. Finally, we thank Timo Vihma and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 136 IS 649 BP 927 EP 943 DI 10.1002/qj.618 PN B PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 619CR UT WOS:000279407000009 ER PT J AU Katz, LM Manning, JE McCurdy, S Sproule, C McGwin, G Moon-Massat, P Cairns, CB Freilich, D AF Katz, Laurence M. Manning, James E. McCurdy, Shane Sproule, Charles McGwin, Gerald, Jr. Moon-Massat, Paula Cairns, Charles B. Freilich, Daniel TI Nitroglycerin attenuates vasoconstriction of HBOC-201 during hemorrhagic shock resuscitation SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE Hemorrhage; Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier; Nitroglycerin; Vasoconstriction ID INHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; LINKED HEMOGLOBIN DCLHB(TM); CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; OXYGEN CARRIER; LIVER-INJURY; PHARMACOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE; TISSUE AB Background: Vasoconstriction, an inherent property of Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOC) potentially due to nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, may increase cardiovascular complications in HBOC resuscitated trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if co-administration of a weak NO donor, intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG), with HBOC-201 during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock could safely attenuate HBOC-201 vasoconstriction. Methods and results: Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 44 swine randomized to receive fluid resuscitation with HBOC, HBOC + NTG10 mcg/kg/min, HBOC + NTG20 mcg/kg/min, HBOC + NTG40 mcg/kg/min, Hetastarch (HES), HES + NTG20 mcg/kg/min, NTG20 mcg/kg/min and Lactated Ringers (LR). HBOC resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock increased mean arterial pressure (MAP = 94 +/- 33 mmHg), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP = 29 +/- 11 mmHg) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR = 2684 +/- 871 dyn s/cm(5)) in comparison to HES. Co-administration of NTG during HBOC resuscitation attenuated vasoconstriction with HBOC + 40 mcg/kg/min demonstrating the most robust reduction in vasoconstriction (MAP = 59 +/- 23 mmHg, MPAP = 18 +/- 7 mmHg, and SVR = 1827 +/- 511 dyn s/cm(5)), although the effects were transient. Co-administration of NTG with HBOC did not alter base deficit, lactate, methemoglobin levels, nor cause profound hypotension during resuscitation. Conclusion: Nitroglycerin attenuates vasoconstrictive properties of HBOC when co-administered during resuscitation in this swine model of hemorrhagic shock. Translational survival studies are required to determine if this strategy of attenuation of the vasoconstriction of HBOC-201 reduces cardiovascular complications and improves outcome with HBOC fluid resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Katz, Laurence M.; Manning, James E.; McCurdy, Shane; Sproule, Charles; Cairns, Charles B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [McGwin, Gerald, Jr.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Katz, LM (reprint author), Campus Box 7594,Phys Off Bldg,1st Floor,Room P111, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM LKatz@med.unc.edu FU BUMED Congressional Work [604771N.9737.001.A0315] FX This work was supported by BUMED Congressional Work unit number 604771N.9737.001.A0315. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.12.015 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA 583VE UT WOS:000276707200021 PM 20080328 ER PT J AU Wojciechowski, J Danley, D Cooper, J Yazvenko, N Taitt, CR AF Wojciechowski, Jason Danley, David Cooper, John Yazvenko, Nina Taitt, Chris Rowe TI Multiplexed Electrochemical Detection of Yersinia Pestis and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B using an Antibody Microarray SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE CombiMatrix; microarray; biosensor; electrochemical detection; super avidin-biotin system (SABS); immunoassay; pathogen detection ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; TECHNOLOGY; BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; DEPOSITION; PROTEOMICS; FOOD AB The CombiMatrix antibody microarray is a versatile, sensitive detection platform based on the generation and transduction of electrochemical signals following antigen binding to surface antibodies. The sensor chip described herein is comprised of microelectrodes coupled to an adjacent bio-friendly matrix coated with antibodies to the biological pathogens Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis, and the bacterial toxin staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Using this system, we were able to detect SEB and inactivated Y. pestis individually as well as in two-plex assays at concentrations as low as 5 pg/mL and 10(6) CFU/mL, respectively. We also introduce super avidin-biotin system (SABS) as a viable and effective means to enhance assay signal responses and lower detection limits. Together these technologies represent substantial advances in point-of-care and point-of-use detection applications. C1 [Wojciechowski, Jason; Taitt, Chris Rowe] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Danley, David; Cooper, John; Yazvenko, Nina] CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Bld 30,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20376 USA. EM jason.wojciechowski.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; ddanley@combimatrix.com; jcooper@combimatrix.com; nina@combimatrix.com; chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); DoD [W911SR-08-C-0055, FA8650-09-C-6037] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). JW was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship administered through the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). Microarrays and reagents were provided by CombiMatrix under DoD contracts W911SR-08-C-0055 and FA8650-09-C-6037. Thank you to Joel Golden for photography of the microarray shown in Figure 1A. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 3351 EP 3362 DI 10.3390/s100403351 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 589OI UT WOS:000277159700046 PM 22319302 ER PT J AU Du, YZ Belcher, C Zhou, Z Ives, R AF Du, Yingzi Belcher, Craig Zhou, Zhi Ives, Robert TI Feature correlation evaluation approach for iris feature quality measure SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Biometrics; Iris recognition; Feature correlation evaluation; Iris quality measure; Compressed iris image quality measure ID RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; BIOMETRICS; IMAGES AB It is challenging to develop an iris image quality measure to determine compressed iris image quality. The compression process introduces new artificial patterns while suppressing existing iris patterns. This paper proposes a feature correlation evaluation approach for iris image quality measure, which can discriminate the artificial patterns from the natural iris patterns and can also measure iris image quality for uncompressed images. The experimental results show that the proposed method could objectively perform quality measure on both non-compressed and compressed images. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Du, Yingzi; Belcher, Craig; Zhou, Zhi] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ives, Robert] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM yidu@iupui.edu RI Zhou, Zhi/H-2638-2013 FU ONR Young Investigator Program [N00014-07-1-0788]; National Institute of justice [2007-DE-BX-K182] FX The authors would like to thank the associate editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The authors would also like to thank N. Luke Thomas for his help. The research in this paper uses the ICE database provided by NIST [26]. This project is sponsored by the ONR Young Investigator Program (award number: N00014-07-1-0788) and National Institute of justice (award number: 2007-DE-BX-K182). NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD APR PY 2010 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1187 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.10.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 555WN UT WOS:000274547400017 ER PT J AU Goussies, N Stenborg, G Vourlidas, A Howard, R AF Goussies, N. Stenborg, G. Vourlidas, A. Howard, R. TI Tracking of Coronal White-Light Events by Texture SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CME; Coronagraph; Automatic tracking ID MASS EJECTIONS; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION; CATALOG; LASCO; CMES AB The extraction of the kinematic properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from white-light coronagraph images involves a significant degree of user interaction: defining the edge of the event, separating the core from the front or from nearby unrelated structures, etc. To contribute towards a less subjective and more quantitative definition, and therefore better kinematic characterization of such events, we have developed a novel image-processing technique based on the concept of "texture of the event". The texture is defined by the so-called gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and the technique consists of a supervised segmentation algorithm to isolate a particular region of interest based upon its similarity with a pre-specified model. Once the event is visually defined early in its evolution, it is possible to automatically track the event by applying the segmentation algorithm to the corresponding time series of coronagraph images. In this paper we describe the technique, present some examples, and show how the coronal background, the core of the event, and even the associated shock (if one exists) can be identified for different kind of CMEs detected by the LASCO and SECCHI coronagraphs. C1 [Stenborg, G.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Goussies, N.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Vourlidas, A.; Howard, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goussies, N.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Cs Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Stenborg, G (reprint author), Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM ngoussie@dc.uba.ar; guillermo.stenborg.ctr.ar@nrl.navy.mil; angelos.vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 262 IS 2 BP 481 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9495-6 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JC UT WOS:000275908300016 ER PT J AU Gaberson, HA AF Gaberson, Howard A. TI Effects of Filtering Shock Data SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The plateau of the pseudo velocity shock spectrum (PVSS), when depicted on a four-coordinate plot (4CP - frequency, displacement, velocity, acceleration), shows the frequency range of shock severity. Peak modal stress is proportional to PV.(1-4) Therefore, filtering effects can be quantified according to changes in the plateau. Maximum acceleration usually defines the high-frequency extent of the plateau, and low-pass filtering reduces the peak acceleration levels of the shock data. Low-pass filtering of the data hides the high-frequency content of the shock. This is demonstrated in both the time history record as well as the PVSS analysis. Both Butterworth and Bessel filters are compared to see if the linear-phase attribute of the Bessel filter causes any changes in the PVSS. C1 [Gaberson, Howard A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gaberson, Howard A.] USN, Civil Engn Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA V26MR UT WOS:000208550200002 ER PT J AU Lang, BW AF Lang, Brian W. TI A New American National Standard for Shock Testing Equipment SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This article reviews a recently published American National Standard* to be used for testing equipment that will be subjected to shock. This standard provides shock test parameters for testing a broad range of equipment and will ensure inherent levels of shock resistance. It defines test requirements and severity thresholds for a large range of shock environments, including but not limited to, shipping, transport, and,rugged operational environments. The severity thresholds can be associated with specific shock environments and should be chosen for a given application on a case-by-case basis. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD USA. RP Lang, BW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA V26MR UT WOS:000208550200004 ER PT J AU Watkins, RJ Barton, O AF Watkins, R. Joseph Barton, O., Jr. TI Characterizing the vibration of an elastically point supported rectangular plate using eigensensitivity analysis SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Modal analysis; Elastically point supported; Rectangular plate; Boundary conditions; Eigensensitivity analysis AB Normalized frequencies are computed for a rectangular, isotropic plate resting on elastic supports. The normalized frequencies are determined using eigensensitivity analysis, which approximates the eigenparameters in a Mauclarin series, yielding an approximate closed-form expression. One benefit of the approximate closed-form expression is its computational efficiency and yet another is its application of re-analysis. Accuracy of the approximate expression is assessed by comparing results with the widely used Rayleigh-Ritz method using orthogonal polynomials and beam shape functions in both approaches. Consideration for a variety of edge conditions is given through a combination of simply supported, clamped and free boundary conditions. Results indicate that the accuracy of higher frequencies computed by the sensitivity approach is highly dependent upon choice of basis function. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Watkins, R. Joseph; Barton, O., Jr.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rwatkins@usna.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8231 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD APR-MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4-5 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.tws.2009.11.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 573SF UT WOS:000275934300004 ER PT J AU Miller, BP Theodore, ND Brukman, MJ Wahl, KJ Krim, J AF Miller, Brendan P. Theodore, Nimel D. Brukman, Matthew J. Wahl, Kathryn J. Krim, Jacqueline TI A Nano- to Macroscale Tribological Study of PFTS and TCP Lubricants for Si MEMS Applications SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanotribology; MEMS devices; AFM; Silicon; Vapor phase lubricants ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; VAPOR-PHASE LUBRICATION; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; TRICRESYLPHOSPHATE TCP; LAYER FILM; SURFACE; SILICON; NANOTRIBOLOGY; FRICTION; ADHESION AB The reliability and lifetime of cyclic contacting Si MEMS is limited by adhesion and their tribological performance. In this study, the tribological effects of adding a lubricant (tricresyl phosphate, TCP) to a bound self-assembled monolayer (perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, PFTS) at different length scales were examined using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), a reciprocating microtribometer, and a macroscopic reciprocating tribometer. The results showed that the addition of TCP to a PFTS layer increased the number of cycles possessing low friction and wear by at least a factor of four in the macroscopoic tribometer. Differences in friction response over the range of experimental scales were correlated to contact size and pressure. QCM measurements of TCP on PFTS showed a non-zero slip time, which suggests favorable tribological performance in larger length-scale regimes. This non-zero slip time also may indicate TCP mobility. C1 [Miller, Brendan P.; Theodore, Nimel D.; Brukman, Matthew J.; Krim, Jacqueline] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Theodore, Nimel D.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brukman, Matthew J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Krim, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkrim@ncsu.edu OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 FU AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0381] FX This work has been funded by the AFOSR Extreme Friction MURI # FA9550-04-1-0381, and the basic research program of the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Daniel Barlow, Dmitri Petrovykh, and John Kulp for characterization assistance using FTIR, XPS, and NMR, respectively, as well as Adam Hook, Michael Dugger, and Colin Baker for useful discussions. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s11249-009-9573-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 567RB UT WOS:000275463200008 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Doyle, JD Hodur, RM Jin, H AF Reynolds, Carolyn A. Doyle, James D. Hodur, Richard M. Jin, Hao TI Naval Research Laboratory Multiscale Targeting Guidance for T-PARC and TCS-08 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; PERTURBATION GROWTH; FORECAST ERRORS; WEATHER REGIMES AB As part of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (TIIORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) and the Office of Naval Research's (ONR's) Tropical Cyclone Structure-08 (TCS-08) experiments, a variety of real-time products were produced at the Naval Research Laboratory during the field campaign that took place from August through early October 2008 In support of the targeted observing objective, large-scale targeting guidance was produced twice daily using singular vectors (SVs) from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) These SVs were optimized for fixed regions centered over Guam, Taiwan Japan. and two regions over the North Pacific east of Japan During high-interest periods. flow-dependent SVs were also produced In addition, global ensemble forecasts were produced and were useful for examining the potential downstream impacts of extratropical transitions For mesoscale models. TC forecasts were produced using a new version of the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAM PS) developed specifically for tropical cyclone prediction (COAMPS-TC) in addition to the COAMPS-TC forecasts, mesoscale targeted observing products were produced using the COAM PS forecast and adjoint system twice daily, centered on storms of interest, at a 40-km horizontal resolution These products were produced with 24-, 36-. and 48-h lead times The nonhydrostatic adjoint system used during T-PARC/TCS-08 contains an exact adjoint to the explicit microphysics An adaptive response function region was used to target favorable areas for tropical cyclone formation and development Results indicate that forecasts of tropical cyclones in the western Pacific are very sensitive to the initial state C1 [Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Doyle, James D.; Jin, Hao] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hodur, Richard M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU ONR [PE-0601153N] FX We gratefully acknowledge Clark Amerault for helpful discussions and the development of the adjoint and tangent linear models for COAMPS and Charles Sampson for calculating the track errors shown in Fig. 9 We also acknowledge the COAMPS-TC team of NRL. Clark Amerault, Sue Chen. Eric Hendricks, Teddy Holt, Yi Jut, Chi-Sann Liou, Keith Sasheygi, Jerome Schmidt, Shouping Wang, and Peter Black. for the development of the tropical cyclone capability within COAMPS. Support from the sponsor, ONR PE-0601153N, is gratefully acknowledged The Department of Defense High-Performance Computing Challenge program, which provided access to real-time computational resources, is acknowledged We thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the paper. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 526 EP 544 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222292.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610AQ UT WOS:000278701400008 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Campbell, WF Swadley, SD AF Kim, Young-Joon Campbell, William F. Swadley, Steven D. TI Reduction of Middle-Atmospheric Forecast Bias through Improvement in Satellite Radiance Quality Control SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB This article discusses a practical problem faced in operational atmospheric forecasting and data assimilation. and efforts to improve forecast quality through the choice of quality control parameters The need to utilize as much data as possible must be carefully balanced against the need to reject observations deemed erroneous because they are far from the background value Alleviation of forecast bias in the middle atmosphere for a global atmospheric prediction system is attempted via improvement of the quality control and bias cot rection of the satellite radiance data, in particular, the sensitivity of the analysis to the satellite radiance outlier check parameters for the Naval Research Laboratory's three-dimensional variational data assimilation system [Naval Research Laboratory At Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS)] is investigated A series of forecast experiments are performed with an extended-top (0 04 hPa or similar to 65 km) version of the U S Navy's Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGA PS) for the month of January 2007 The experiments vary the prescribed radiance observation error variance for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the tolerance factors for the AMSU-A and NAVDAS quality control processes The biases of geopotential height. temperature, and wind in the middle atmosphere are significantly reduced when the observation error limit for the highest-altitude AMSU-A channel (i e. 14) is relaxed from 0 95 to 3 K and the tolerance factors for the AMSU-A and NAVDAS quality control processes are relaxed from 3 to 4 The improvement is clue to assimilation of more high quality AMSU-A radiance data from the highest-peaking channel C1 [Kim, Young-Joon] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 681 EP 700 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222329.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610AQ UT WOS:000278701400017 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI BRIDGING THE MILITARY-CIVILIAN DIVIDE SO YALE REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Fleming, Bruce] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fleming, Bruce] Univ Freiburg Breisgau, Freiburg, Germany. [Fleming, Bruce] Natl Univ Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0044-0124 J9 YALE REV JI Yale Rev. PD APR PY 2010 VL 98 IS 2 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 570RB UT WOS:000275694600001 ER PT J AU Guan, H Schmid, B Bucholtz, A Bergstrom, R AF Guan, Hong Schmid, Beat Bucholtz, Anthony Bergstrom, Robert TI Sensitivity of shortwave radiative flux density, forcing, and heating rate to the aerosol vertical profile SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; SAFARI 2000; CLOUD; MODIS; LIDAR; ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; ATMOSPHERE AB The effect of the aerosol vertical distribution on the solar radiation profiles for idealized and measured profiles of extinction and single-scattering albedo (SSA) during the May 2003 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerosol Intensive Observation Period (AIOP) is investigated using the rapid radiative transfer model shortwave code. Calculated profiles of downwelling and upwelling solar flux density during the AIOP are compared with the measurements from solar broadband radiometers aboard a profiling research aircraft. The profiles of aerosol extinction, SSA, and water vapor obtained from the aircraft that carried the radiometers serve as the model inputs. The uplooking radiometers were mounted on a stabilized platform that kept the radiometers parallel with respect to Earth's horizontal plane. The results indicate that the vertical shape of the aerosol extinction profiles has very little impact on the clear-sky direct radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere and surface but is important for forcing profiles of partially absorbing aerosol. The vertical distributions of absorption profiles drastically influence the forcing and heating rate profiles. Using aircraft data from 19 AIOP profiles over the southern Great Plains, we are able to achieve broadband downwelling solar flux density closure within 0.8% (bias difference) or 1.8% (RMS difference), well within the expected measurement uncertainty of 1%-3%. The poorer agreement in upwelling flux density (bias -3.7%, RMS 10%) is attributed to the use of inaccurate surface albedo data. The accurate, vertically resolved aerosol extinction data play an important role in tightening solar radiative flux density closure. This study also suggests that aircraft solar radiative flux density measurements from a stabilized platform have the potential to determine solar heating rate profiles. These measurement-based heating rate profiles provide useful data for heating rate closure studies and indirect estimates of single-scattering albedo assumed in radiative transfer calculations. C1 [Guan, Hong; Bergstrom, Robert] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Bucholtz, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, 560 3rd St W, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; Greenwood Aviation at Ponca City Airport; DOE ARM FX The ARM Program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. The success of the AIOP was due to the hard work and dedicated efforts of a large team of scientists and investigators from national laboratories and universities; CIRPAS Twin Otter and Cessna pilots, crew, and support personnel; SGP site personnel; ARM infrastructure support; the weather forecaster; and support from Greenwood Aviation at Ponca City Airport. We thank ARM for the support of this IOP. The research efforts presented here were funded through DOE ARM grants to BAERI and PNNL. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D06209 DI 10.1029/2009JD012907 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578SK UT WOS:000276315400002 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Hwang, Paul A. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. TI A note on Doppler processing of coherent radar backscatter from the water surface: With application to ocean surface wave measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; INTERNAL WAVES; SEA CLUTTER; WIND-SPEED; MODULATION; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; SPECTRUM; CURRENTS; HEIGHT AB The technique for extracting wave period and wave direction from radar backscattering intensity is well developed, but the determination of spectral density or wave height is hindered by the complex nature of the modulation transfer function. In contrast to backscattering intensity, the Doppler signal of a coherent radar is originated from the radial velocity of the scattering objects. Its oscillatory component is contributed by ocean waves. The peak component of the Doppler velocity spectrum can be used to obtain the spectral peak wave period and the significant wave height can be calculated from the variance of the Doppler velocity. Analyses of coherent radar measurements collected from the ocean show that with radar range coverage on the order of 10 dominant wavelengths, a good estimate of peak wave period and significant wave height is achievable with radar data as short as a few seconds. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil; mark.sletten@nrl.navy.mil; jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [62435N, 61153N]; NRL [NRL/JA/7260-09-0287] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL program element 62435N and 61153N; NRL contribution NRL/JA/7260-09-0287). NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C03026 DI 10.1029/2009JC005870 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 578SU UT WOS:000276316500001 ER PT J AU Adrjanowicz, K Paluch, M Ngai, KL AF Adrjanowicz, K. Paluch, M. Ngai, K. L. TI Determining the structural relaxation times deep in the glassy state of the pharmaceutical Telmisartan SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATION; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; SOLID DISPERSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; MODULUS AB By using the dielectric relaxation method proposed recently by Casalini and Roland (2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 035701), we were able to determine the structural alpha-relaxation times deep in the glassy state of the pharmaceutical, Telmisartan. Normally, deep in the glassy state tau(alpha) is so long that it cannot be measured but tau(beta), which is usually much shorter, can be directly determined. The method basically takes advantage of the connection between the alpha-relaxation and the secondary beta-relaxation of the Johari-Goldstein kind, including a relation between their relaxation times tau(alpha) and tau(beta), respectively. Thus, tau(alpha) of Telmisartan were determined by monitoring the change of the dielectric beta-loss, epsilon '', with physical aging time at temperatures well below the vitrification temperature. The values of tau(alpha) were compared with those expected by the coupling model (CM). Unequivocal comparison cannot be made in the case of Telmisartan because its beta-loss peak is extremely broad, and the CM predicts only an order of magnitude agreement between the primitive relaxation frequency and the beta-peak frequency. We also made an attempt to analyze all isothermal and aging susceptibility data after transformation into the electric modulus representation. The tau(alpha) found in the glass state by using the method of Casalini and Roland in the modulus representation are similar to those obtained in the susceptibility representation. However, it is remarkable that the stretching parameter beta(KWW-M) = 0.51 in the electric modulus representation gives more precise fits to the aging data than in the susceptibility representation with beta(KWW) = 0.61. Our results suggest that the electric modulus representation may be useful as an alternative to analyze aging data, especially in the case of highly polar glassformers having a large ratio of low frequency and high frequency dielectric constants, such as the Telmisartan studied. C1 [Adrjanowicz, K.; Paluch, M.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Adrjanowicz, K (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. FU EU; Office of Naval Research FX KA and MP are most grateful for financial support within the framework of the project entitled 'From Study of Molecular Dynamics in Amorphous Medicines at Ambient and Elevated Pressure to Novel Applications in Pharmacy', which is operated within the Foundation for Polish Science Team Programme co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. KLN was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 12 AR 125902 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/12/125902 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 568BL UT WOS:000275496600016 PM 21389498 ER PT J AU Ahn, J Mastro, MA Hite, J Eddy, CR Kim, J AF Ahn, Jaehui Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kim, Jihyun TI Violet electroluminescence from p-GaN thin film/n-GaN nanowire homojunction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electroluminescent devices; electrophoresis; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; light emitting diodes; nanowires; ohmic contacts; p-n junctions; rectification; semiconductor quantum wires; semiconductor thin films; wide band gap semiconductors ID DIELECTROPHORETIC MANIPULATION AB The difficulty associated with the precise positioning of nanowires has been one of the most significant issues hindering nanoelectronic integration. In this paper, we employed dielectrophoretic force to manipulate n-type GaN nano- and microwires onto a p-type GaN thin film to form a pristine p-n homojunction. The GaN wires were attracted to the n-type Ohmic metal in a direction parallel to the electric field, which was consistent with our simulation results. Violet electroluminescence emanated from the point of the n-GaN wire in contact with the p-GaN thin film. This p-n homojunction device displayed forward conduction above 6-9 V and current rectifying behavior down to a -20 V reverse bias. The current-voltage characteristics are distinctive of a p-n homojunction formed without deleterious damage or contamination. C1 [Ahn, Jaehui; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahn, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Korea University; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0088551] FX Research at NRL is partially supported by ONR. This research at Korea University was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant No. 2009-0088551) NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 132105 DI 10.1063/1.3377005 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300033 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH Lu, JW West, KG Wolf, SA AF Claassen, J. H. Lu, J. W. West, K. G. Wolf, S. A. TI Relaxation dynamics of the metal-semiconductor transition in VO2 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor-metal boundaries; supercooling; vanadium compounds ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; VANADIUM; HYSTERESIS; CREEP AB The temperature dependent metal-insulator transition in VO2 films displays substantial hysteresis. This is usually attributed to supercooling or superheating in the grains. In the hysteretic region at fixed temperature there is a relaxation of the resistance toward a presumed equilibrium value. We have made careful measurements of this relaxation, and find that it proceeds with a logarithmic dependence on time. If the transformation is thermally activated in individual grains, the log(t) behavior can be explained either by a wide distribution of activation energies U among grains or a dependence of U on the phase of adjacent grains. C1 [Claassen, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lu, J. W.; West, K. G.; Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.claassen@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 FU DARPA [W911NF-08-1-0283] FX The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from DARPA (Grant no. W911NF-08-1-0283). NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 132102 DI 10.1063/1.3370353 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300030 ER PT J AU Hu, J Menyuk, CR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Hu, Jonathan Menyuk, Curtis R. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. TI Maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; ZBLAN FLUORIDE FIBERS; SELF-FREQUENCY SHIFT; TIME-AVERAGED POWER; OPTICAL-FIBER; HOLEY FIBERS; RAMAN GAIN; MU-M; DISPERSION; PULSES AB We describe in detail a procedure for maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers and the physics behind this procedure. First, we determine the key parameters that govern the design. Second, we find the conditions for the fiber to be endlessly single-mode; the fiber should be endlessly single-mode to maintain high nonlinearity and low coupling loss. We find that supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 fibers proceeds in two stages-an initial stage that is dominated by four-wave mixing and a later stage that is dominated by the Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shift. Third, we determine the conditions to maximize the Stokes wavelength that is generated by four-wave mixing in the initial stage. Finally, we put all these pieces together to maximize the bandwidth. We show that it is possible to generate an optical bandwidth of more than 4 mu m with an input pump wavelength of 2.5 mu m using an As2Se3 fiber with an air-hole-diameter-to-pitch ratio of 0.4 and a pitch of 3 mu m. Obtaining this bandwidth requires a careful choice of the fiber's waveguide parameters and the pulse's peak power and duration, which determine respectively the fiber's dispersion and nonlinearity. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Jonathan; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, TRC 205A 5200 Westland Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM hu1@umbc.edu RI Hu, Jonathan/A-8618-2011 NR 40 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 6722 EP 6739 DI 10.1364/OE.18.006722 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 582MP UT WOS:000276602000030 PM 20389694 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Hardy, DR Lewis, NK Ndubizu, EC Williams, FW AF Willauer, Heather D. Hardy, Dennis R. Lewis, N. Kathleen Ndubizu, Ejiogu C. Williams, Frederick W. TI Effects of Pressure on the Recovery of CO2 by Phase Transition from a eawater System by Means of Multilayer Gas Permeable Membranes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; CARBON-DIOXIDE SEPARATION; TITRATION ALKALINITY; LIQUID MEMBRANES; WATER; OXYGEN AB Using seawater doped with sodium bicarbonate and Celgard 2400 gas permeable membranes, bicarbonate ion disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbonate when gaseous carbon dioxide is first removed from the seawater Solution by diffusion through gas permeable membranes at elevated water pressures. The permeability of CO2 by phase transition from bicarbonate Solutions at pressures above 100 psi is only possible due to the use of mulitple gas permeable membrane layers. The multiple layers minimize water permeability at pressures below and above the Young-Laplace bubble point of single membrane layers, however the gas permeability efficiency and rate are greatly decreased. C1 [Willauer, Heather D.; Hardy, Dennis R.; Ndubizu, Ejiogu C.; Williams, Frederick W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lewis, N. Kathleen] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lewis, N. Kathleen] Luzerne Cty Community Coll, Nanticoke, PA 18634 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heather.Willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors acknowledge the valuable input from Professor Kathleen Hardy of St. Mary's College of Maryland. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 4003 EP 4008 DI 10.1021/jp910603f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 570WA UT WOS:000275707800034 PM 20039622 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Casalini, R Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J. Casalini, R. Ngai, K. L. TI Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermodynamic Scaling of the Glass-Transition Dynamics in Ionic Liquids over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; FORCE-FIELD; SIMULATIONS; VISCOSITY; FLUID; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; COEFFICIENTS; POTENTIALS; DIFFUSION; SOLVENTS AB Experimentally, superpositioning of dynamic properties such as Viscosity, relaxation times, or diffusion coefficients Under different conditions of temperature T, pressure P, and volume V by the scaling variable TV(gamma) (where gamma is it material constant) has been reported as a general feature of many kinds of glass-forming materials. In the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to study the scaling of dynamics near the glass-transition regime of Ionic liquids. Scaling ill file simulated 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolum nitrate (EMIM-NO(3)) system has been tested over wide ranges of temperatures and pressures. TV scaling of the dynamics is well described by master curves with gamma = 4.0 +/- 0.2 and 3.8 +/- 0.2 for cation and anion, respectively. structures and Coulombic terms of the corresponding states are found to be quite similar. The temperature and pressure dependence of the pair correlation function show similar trends and therefore call be superpositioned onto the master curve. Although the behaviors with gamma = 4 might be expected front the relation gamma = n/3, for the dynamics with the soft-core-type potential U = with 11 = 12, pair potentials Used in the MD simulation have a more complex form, and not all the repulsive terms can play their roles in the heterogeneous structures determined by ion-ion interactions. Scaling is related to the common part of effective potentials related to the pair correlation functions, including, the many-body effect in real space. C1 [Habasaki, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Casalini, R.; Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki.j.aa@m.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [19540396, 2007-2009] FX This research was partly Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 19540396, 2007-2009. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 3902 EP 3911 DI 10.1021/jp911157k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 570WY UT WOS:000275710400022 PM 20184305 ER PT J AU Bogoslovov, RB Hogan, TE Roland, CM AF Bogoslovov, R. B. Hogan, T. E. Roland, C. M. TI Clarifying the Molecular Weight Dependence of the Segmental Dynamics of Polybutadiene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; BETA-RELAXATIONS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); DIFFERENT MICROSTRUCTURES; SECONDARY RELAXATION; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ALPHA-RELAXATION AB A series of 1,4-polybutadienes of varying molecular weight, both monodisperse and having broad or bidisperse molecular weight distributions, were studied using dielectric relaxation. The glass transition temperature, T(g), and the T(g)-normalized temperature dependence of the segmental relaxation times, tau(alpha), varied monotonically with number-average molecular, M(n). Polydispersity significantly affects neither T(g) nor the shape of the loss peak; the segmental relaxation dispersion is determined solely by M(n), even when the distribution of chain lengths spans molecular weights over which T(g) varies. However, there is a small but significant influence of polydispersity on the T-dependence of the relaxation times, manifested as greater fragility in samples having bimodal molecular weight distributions. Properties of the prominent Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation in 1,4-polybuladiene were measured and found to be qualitatively in accord with predictions of the coupling model. These results underscore the link between the JG and segmental processes, consistent with the JG relaxation functioning as the precursor to structural relaxation. C1 [Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hogan, T. E.] Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX R.B.B. is grateful for an ASEE postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Daniel Fragiadakis, who wrote the software to implement eq 7. The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2904 EP 2909 DI 10.1021/ma9026965 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 570XH UT WOS:000275711300034 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Pawlus, S Sokolov, AP Ngai, KL AF Paluch, Marian Pawlus, Sebastian Sokolov, Alexei P. Ngai, K. L. TI Sub-Rouse Modes in Polymers Observed by Dielectric Spectroscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; POLY(PHENYLMETHYL SILOXANE); CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; SOFTENING DISPERSION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE AB One of the characteristic features of polymer dynamics is the existence of additional relaxation processes that are related to connectivity of monomers in polymer chain and are absent in small molecular liquids. These processes are usually described as purely entropic Rouse modes and appear on time scales much longer than segmental (structural) relaxation in polymers. They are commonly observed by mechanical relaxation spectroscopy and are detected as normal modes in dielectric spectra of some polymers (where dipole moment accumulates along the chain). Here we present the evidence of additional modes that appear in dielectric relaxation spectra of some polymers between the segmental and Rouse modes. We identified these modes as sub-house modes, the same as those previously found by mechanical spectroscopy. We also demonstrate that these modes are not detected in the dielectric loss spectra of many polymers. Moreover, existence of these modes does not correlate with the existence of dipole moment along the polymer chain. A possible explanation of this behavior is discussed. C1 [Paluch, Marian; Pawlus, Sebastian] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pawlus, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. FU European Economic Area Financial Mechanism; NSF [DMR-0804571]; Office of Naval Research FX S. Pawlus acknowledges financial assistance from FNP HOMING program (2008) supported by the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism. A.P.S. acknowledges financial support from NSF, Polymer program (DMR-0804571). K.L.N. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3103 EP 3106 DI 10.1021/ma9027382 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 570XH UT WOS:000275711300056 ER PT J AU Fayos, ZA Haverhals, LM Sulpizio, HM Reichert, WM Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fayos, Zane A. Haverhals, Luke M. Sulpizio, Hadley M. Reichert, William M. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI Micro-scale characterization of nano-modified biopolymer composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. AF Off Sci Res, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 88-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189301080 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Quintana, RL AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Quintana, Roxanne L. TI New navy fuels from 2-ethyl-1-hexene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] USN, NAVAIR NAWCWD, Div Chem, Res Dept, China Lake, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 228-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302537 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Jiang, XC Lieber, CM Biffinger, JC Fitzgerald, LA Ringeisen, BR AF Hu, Jinsong Jiang, Xiaocheng Lieber, Charles M. Biffinger, Justin C. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Understanding electrochemical power extraction from Shewanella oneidensis at the single cell level SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 282-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302298 ER PT J AU Hutchison, AL Copper, CL Giordano, BC Burgi, DS Collins, GE AF Hutchison, Andrew L. Copper, Christine L. Giordano, Braden C. Burgi, Dean S. Collins, Greg E. TI Effect of modifiers on micelle stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Chem Div Code 6112, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. DBQP, Sunnyvale, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 150-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189300275 ER PT J AU Jahraus, WI MacArthur, AHR Prak, DJL AF Jahraus, Wesley I. MacArthur, Amy H. Roy Prak, Dianne J. Luning TI Solubilization of nitrotoluenes in micellar solutions of linear alcohol ethoxylates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jahraus, Wesley I.; MacArthur, Amy H. Roy; Prak, Dianne J. Luning] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 686-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189301630 ER PT J AU Lipson, A Chernov, I Roussetski, A Melich, ME Lyakhov, B Tsivadze, A Lider, A AF Lipson, Andrei Chernov, Ivan Roussetski, Alexei Melich, Michael E. Lyakhov, Boris Tsivadze, Aslan Lider, Andrey TI Charged particle emissions from the surface of the Pd and Ti deuterides upon their excitation with electron and X-ray beams SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Russian Acad Sci, AN Frumkin Inst Phys Chem & Electrochem, Moscow, Russia. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RI Lider, Andrey/A-7702-2014; Tsivadze, Aslan/G-7422-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 88-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302448 ER PT J AU Lomax, JF Edmondson, CA Fisch, MR Lomax, EA Westgate, MA AF Lomax, Joseph F. Edmondson, Charles A. Fisch, Michael R. Lomax, Eleanor A. Westgate, Mark A. TI Effect of electron beam radiation on the phase of biaxially oriented polypropylene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Kent State Univ, Coll Technol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 88-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304861 ER PT J AU Rasley, BT Giles, SL Wynne, JH Watson, KE AF Rasley, Brian T. Giles, Spencer L. Wynne, James H. Watson, Kelly E. TI Decomposition of organic compounds via the use of metal oxide nanoparticles and polyoxometallates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC Inc, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 851-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303350 ER PT J AU Schreiner, SM Hatch, AL Shudy, DF Petrovykh, DY Opdahl, A AF Schreiner, Sarah M. Hatch, Anna L. Shudy, David F. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. Opdahl, Aric TI Impact of DNA-surface interactions on the formation and stability of DNA hybrids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 394-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302044 ER PT J AU Tender, L Strycharz, S Yi, HN Nevin, KP Kim, BC Franks, A Klimes, A Lovley, DR AF Tender, Leonard Strycharz, Sarah Yi, Hanna Nevin, Kelly P. Kim, Byong-Chan Franks, Ashley Klimes, Anna Lovley, Derek R. TI Electrochemical modeling of the anode reducing ability of Geobacter sulfurreducens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 276-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302295 ER PT J AU Violante, V Sarto, F Castagna, E Lecci, S Hubler, G Knies, D Grabowski, K McKubre, M Tanzella, F Zilov, T AF Violante, Vittorio Sarto, F. Castagna, E. Lecci, S. Hubler, G. Knies, D. Grabowski, K. McKubre, M. Tanzella, F. Zilov, T. TI Material science behind the Fleishmann and Pons effect SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRL, Washington, DC USA. SRI, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Energet Technol, Omer, Israel. RI Sarto, Francesca/J-6612-2012 OI Sarto, Francesca/0000-0002-6663-882X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 122-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302218 ER PT J AU Watson, KE Wynne, JH AF Watson, Kelly E. Wynne, James H. TI Unique method for the simultaneous analysis of six chemical simulants on novel self-decontaminating coatings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SAIC Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 213-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304525 ER PT J AU Kanaev, AV Murray-Krezan, J AF Kanaev, Andrey V. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy TI Spectral anomaly detection in deep shadows SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY AB Although several hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithms have proven useful when illumination conditions provide for enough light, many of these same detection algorithms fail to perform well when shadows are also present. To date, no general approach to the problem has been demonstrated. In this paper, a novel hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithm that adapts the dimensionality of the spectral detection subspace to multiple illumination levels is described. The novel detection algorithm is applied to reflectance domain hyperspectral data that represents a variety of illumination conditions: well illuminated and poorly illuminated (i.e., shadowed). Detection results obtained for objects located in deep shadows and light-shadow transition areas suggest superiority of the novel algorithm over standard subspace RX detection. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kanaev, Andrey V.] Global Strategies Grp NA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), Global Strategies Grp NA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM akanaev@sfa.com NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1614 EP 1622 DI 10.1364/AO.49.001614 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 571HS UT WOS:000275743500018 PM 20300158 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Harding, AK Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jeltema, TE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Profumo, S Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Bullock, JS Kaplinghat, M Martinez, GD AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jeltema, T. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Profumo, S. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Bullock, James S. Kaplinghat, Manoj Martinez, Gregory D. TI OBSERVATIONS OF MILKY WAY DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES WITH THE FERMI-LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DETECTOR AND CONSTRAINTS ON DARK MATTER MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies: dwarf; gamma rays: galaxies ID VELOCITY DISPERSION PROFILES; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; LOCAL GROUP; SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS; GIANT STARS; URSA-MINOR; SEGUE 1; SATELLITE AB We report on the observations of 14 dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope taken during the first 11 months of survey mode operations. The Fermi telescope, which is conducting an all-sky gamma-ray survey in the 20 MeV to > 300 GeV energy range, provides a new opportunity to test particle dark matter models through the expected gamma-ray emission produced by pair annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Local Group dSphs, the largest galactic substructures predicted by the cold dark matter scenario, are attractive targets for such indirect searches for dark matter because they are nearby and among the most extreme dark matter dominated environments. No significant gamma-ray emission was detected above 100 MeV from the candidate dwarf galaxies. We determine upper limits to the gamma-ray flux assuming both power-law spectra and representative spectra from WIMP annihilation. The resulting integral flux above 100 MeV is constrained to be at a level below around 10(-9) photons cm(-2) s(-1). Using recent stellar kinematic data, the gamma-ray flux limits are combined with improved determinations of the dark matter density profile in eight of the 14 candidate dwarfs to place limits on the pair-annihilation cross section of WIMPs in several widely studied extensions of the standard model, including its supersymmetric extension and other models that received recent attention. With the present data, we are able to rule out large parts of the parameter space where the thermal relic density is below the observed cosmological dark matter density and WIMPs (neutralinos here) are dominantly produced non-thermally, e. g., in models where supersymmetry breaking occurs via anomaly mediation. The gamma-ray limits presented here also constrain some WIMP models proposed to explain the Fermi and PAMELA e(+)e(-) data, including low-mass wino-like neutralinos and models with TeV masses pair annihilating into muon-antimuon pairs. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Profumo, S.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Profumo, S.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Moretti, E.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jeltema, T. E.] UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Bullock, James S.; Kaplinghat, Manoj; Martinez, Gregory D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cohen@slac.stanford.edu; farnier@lpta.in2p3.fr; tesla@ucolick.org; profumo@scipp.ucsc.edu RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Bullock, James/K-1928-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135 FU Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden FX We would like to thank the referee for valuable comments and improvements to the paper. Extended discussions with M. Geha, J. Simon, L. Strigari, and J. Siegal-Gaskins are gratefully acknowledged. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. NR 76 TC 197 Z9 198 U1 4 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/147 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900013 ER PT J AU Tremblay, SE Taylor, GB Richards, JL Readhead, ACS Helmboldt, JF Romani, RW Healey, SE AF Tremblay, S. E. Taylor, G. B. Richards, J. L. Readhead, A. C. S. Helmboldt, J. F. Romani, R. W. Healey, S. E. TI J16021+3326: NEW MULTI-FREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS OF A COMPLEX SOURCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: individual (J16021+3326); galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei; radio continuum: galaxies ID COMPACT SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-SOURCES; VLBA; POLARIMETRY; SAMPLE; GPS; IDENTIFICATIONS; CALIBRATORS; CANDIDATES AB We present multi-frequency Very Long Baseline Array observations of J16021+3326. These observations, along with variability data obtained from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory candidate gamma-ray blazar monitoring program, clearly indicate that this source is a blazar. The peculiar characteristic of this blazar, which daunted previous classification attempts, is that we appear to be observing down a precessing jet, the mean orientation of which is aligned with us almost exactly. C1 [Tremblay, S. E.; Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Taylor, G. B.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Richards, J. L.; Readhead, A. C. S.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Romani, R. W.; Healey, S. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tremblay, SE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tremblay@unm.edu RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012; Tremblay, Steven/C-1617-2013 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/159 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900014 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Razzaque, S Dermer, CD AF Finke, Justin D. Razzaque, Soebur Dermer, Charles D. TI MODELING THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT FROM STARS AND DUST SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; stars: formation; stars: luminosity function, mass function ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS; PROBING GALAXY FORMATION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; FORMATION HISTORY; MU-M; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY; FERMI OBSERVATIONS AB The extragalactic background light (EBL) from the far-infrared through the visible and extending into the ultraviolet is thought to be dominated by starlight, either through direct emission or through absorption and reradiation by dust. This is the most important energy range for absorbing gamma-rays from distant sources such as blazars and gamma-ray bursts and producing electron-positron pairs. In previous work, we presented EBL models in the optical through ultraviolet by consistently taking into account the star formation rate (SFR), initial mass function (IMF), and dust extinction, and treating stars on the main sequence as blackbodies. This technique is extended to include post-main-sequence stars and reprocessing of starlight by dust. In our simple model, the total energy absorbed by dust is assumed to be re-emitted as three blackbodies in the infrared, one at 40 K representing warm, large dust grains, one at 70 K representing hot, small dust grains, and one at 450 K representing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We find that our best-fit model combining the Hopkins and Beacom SFR using the Cole et al. parameterization with the Baldry and Glazebrook IMF agrees with available luminosity density data at a variety of redshifts. Our resulting EBL energy density is quite close to the lower limits from galaxy counts, though in two cases below the lower limits, and agrees fairly well with other recent EBL models shortward of about 5 mu m. Deabsorbing TeV gamma-ray spectra of various blazars with our EBL model gives results consistent with simple shock acceleration theory. We also find that the universe should be optically thin to gamma-rays with energies less than 20 GeV. C1 [Finke, Justin D.; Razzaque, Soebur; Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; GLAST Science Investigation [DPR-S-1563-Y]; NASA [DPR-NNG05ED41I] FX We are grateful to the anonymous referee for useful comments which have improved this work, including the discovery of an error in the original version of Figure 5. We thank P. Eggleton and C. Tout for correspondence regarding corrections to their stellar formulae, and A. Franceschini, R. Gilmore, and T. Kneiske for correspondence related to their EBL models. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and GLAST Science Investigation DPR-S-1563-Y, and by NASA Swift Guest Investigator Grant DPR-NNG05ED41I. NR 104 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/238 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900022 ER PT J AU Najita, JR Carr, JS Strom, SE Watson, DM Pascucci, I Hollenbach, D Gorti, U Keller, L AF Najita, Joan R. Carr, John S. Strom, Stephen E. Watson, Dan M. Pascucci, Ilaria Hollenbach, David Gorti, Uma Keller, Luke TI SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF THE TRANSITION OBJECT TW Hya SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (TW Hya); stars: pre-main sequence ID NE-II EMISSION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION MODELS; IRRADIATED PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; RECOMBINATION-LINE-INTENSITIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PLANET-FORMING REGION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-MASS PLANETS AB We report sensitive Spitzer IRS spectroscopy in the 10-20 mu m region of TW Hya, a nearby T Tauri star. The unusual spectral energy distribution of the source, that of a "transition object," indicates that the circumstellar disk in the system has experienced significant evolution, possibly as a result of planet formation. The spectrum we measure is strikingly different from that of other classical T Tauri stars reported in the literature, displaying no strong emission features of H(2)O, C(2)H(2), or HCN. The difference suggests that the inner planet formation region (less than or similar to 5 AU) of the gaseous disk has evolved physically and/or chemically away from the classical T Tauri norm. Nevertheless, TW Hya does show a rich spectrum of emission features of atoms (H I, [Ne II], and [Ne III]) and molecules (H(2), OH, CO(2), HCO(+), and possibly CH(3)), some of which are also detected in classical T Tauri spectra. The properties of the neon emission are consistent with an origin for the emission in a disk irradiated by X-rays (with a possible role for additional irradiation by stellar EUV). The OH emission we detect, which also likely originates in the disk, is hot, arising from energy levels up to 23,000 K above ground, and may be produced by the UV photodissociation of water. The H I emission is surprisingly strong, with relative strengths that are consistent with case B recombination. While the absence of strong molecular emission in the 10-20 mu m region may indicate that the inner region of the gaseous disk has been partly cleared by an orbiting giant planet, chemical and/or excitation effects may be responsible instead. We discuss these issues and how our results bear on our understanding of the evolutionary state of the TW Hya disk. C1 [Najita, Joan R.; Strom, Stephen E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Watson, Dan M.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Pascucci, Ilaria] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hollenbach, David; Gorti, Uma] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Gorti, Uma] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Keller, Luke] Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Najita, JR (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. FU NASA FX We are grateful to Al Glassgold, Barbara Ercolano, and DavidArdila for interesting and useful discussions regarding the interpretation of the observations. J. N. thanks for their generous hospitality Tom Soifer and the Spitzer Science Center, where much of the analysis for this paper was carried out. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 106 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 274 EP 286 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/274 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900025 ER PT J AU Rothberg, B Fischer, J AF Rothberg, Barry Fischer, Jacqueline TI UNVEILING THE sigma-DISCREPANCY IN INFRARED-LUMINOUS MERGERS. I. DUST AND DYNAMICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: peculiar ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; RESOLUTION CO OBSERVATIONS; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; 1.49 GHZ ATLAS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; MERGING GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION AB Mergers in the local universe present a unique opportunity for studying the transformations of galaxies in detail. Presented here are recent results, based on multi-wavelength, high-resolution imaging and medium resolution spectroscopy, which demonstrate how star formation and the presence of red supergiants and/or asymptotic giant branch stars have led to a serious underestimation of the dynamical masses of infrared-bright galaxies. The dominance of a nuclear disk of young stars in the near-infrared bands, where dust obscuration does not block their signatures, can severely bias the global properties measured in a galaxy, including mass. This explains why past studies of gas-rich luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies, which have measured dynamical masses using the 1.62 or 2.29 mu m CO band heads, have found that these galaxies are forming m < m* ellipticals. On the other hand, precisely because of dust obscuration, I-band photometry and velocity dispersions obtained with the calcium II triplet at 0.85 mu m reflect the global properties of the mergers and suggest that all types of merger remnants, including infrared-bright ones, will form m > m* ellipticals. Moreover, merger remnants, including LIRGs, are placed on the I-band fundamental plane for the first time and appear to be virtually indistinguishable from elliptical galaxies. C1 [Rothberg, Barry; Fischer, Jacqueline] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rothberg, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7211,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM barry.rothberg@nrl.navy.mil FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Research Council Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.; This research was performed while B. R. held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. Basic research in astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is funded by the Office of Naval Research. A special thanks is given to Michael Cushing for his help and guidance in developing the IDL code used to measure the velocity dispersions from extracted spectra. The authors also thank Sandrine Bottinelli for assisting with some of the near-IR observations, Claudia Maraston for very helpful discussions regarding stellar population models, and Francois Schweizer for providing comments and suggestions for the manuscript. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 163 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 318 EP 349 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/318 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900029 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Cillis, AN Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Cillis, A. N. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M-H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S-H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F-W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI OBSERVATION OF SUPERNOVA REMNANT IC 443 WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; supernovae: individual (IC 443) ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; MHZ MASER EMISSION; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; X-RAY; MOLECULAR CLOUD; NOVA REMNANT; GAMMA-RAYS; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; IC-443; SHOCK AB We report observation of the supernova remnant (SNR) IC 443 (G189.1+3.0) with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the energy band between 200 MeV and 50 GeV. IC 443 is a shell-type SNR with mixed morphology located off the outer Galactic plane where high-energy emission has been detected in the X-ray, GeV and TeV gamma-ray bands. Past observations suggest IC 443 has been interacting with surrounding interstellar matter. Proximity between dense shocked molecular clouds and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission regions detected by EGRET, MAGIC, and VERITAS suggests an interpretation that cosmic-ray (CR) particles are accelerated by the SNR. With the high gamma-ray statistics and broad energy coverage provided by the LAT, we accurately characterize the gamma-ray emission produced by the CRs accelerated at IC 443. The emission region is extended in the energy band with theta(68) = 0 degrees.27 +/- 0 degrees.01(stat) +/- 0 degrees.03(sys) for an assumed two-dimensional Gaussian profile and overlaps almost completely with the extended source region of VERITAS. Its centroid is displaced significantly from the known pulsar wind nebula (PWN) which suggests the PWN is not the major contributor in the present energy band. The observed spectrum changes its power-law slope continuously and continues smoothly to the MAGIC and VERITAS data points. The combined gamma-ray spectrum (200 MeV < E < 2 TeV) is reproduced well by decays of neutral pions produced by a broken power-law proton spectrum with a break around 70 GeV. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Lee, S-H.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Cheung, C. C.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M-H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M-H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kamae@slac.stanford.edu; francesco.giordano@ba.infn.it; arodrig@ieec.uab.es; dtorres@ieec.uab.es RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT, as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 64 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/459 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900041 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Asano, K Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Briggs, MS Brigida, M Bruel, P Burgess, JM Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chaplin, V Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Connaughton, V Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Fishman, G Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Haynes, RH Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kocian, ML Komin, N Kouveliotou, C Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McBreen, S McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Meegan, C Meszaros, P Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Preece, R Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tagliaferri, G Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Toma, K Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wang, P Wilson-Hodge, C Winer, BL Wood, KS Wu, XF Yamazaki, R Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Asano, K. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Briggs, M. S. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burgess, J. M. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Chaplin, V. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Fishman, G. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M-H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Haynes, R. H. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kocian, M. L. Komin, N. Kouveliotou, C. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McBreen, S. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Meegan, C. Meszaros, P. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F-W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tagliaferri, G. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Toma, K. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Wilson-Hodge, C. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wu, X. F. Yamazaki, R. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI FERMI DETECTION DELAYED GeV EMISSION FROM THE SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURST 081024B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 081024B) ID MERGING NEUTRON-STARS; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; PROTONS; SPECTRA; CATALOG AB We report on the detailed analysis of the high-energy extended emission from the short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 081024B detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Historically, this represents the first clear detection of temporal extended emission from a short GRB. The light curve observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor lasts approximately 0.8 s whereas the emission in the Fermi Large Area Telescope lasts for about 3 s. Evidence of longer lasting high-energy emission associated with long bursts has been already reported by previous experiments. Our observations, together with the earlier reported study of the bright short GRB 090510, indicate similarities in the high-energy emission of short and long GRBs and open the path to new interpretations. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Razzaque, S.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.; Razzaque, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 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[Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Stamatikos, M.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Komin, N.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M-H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M-H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fishman, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; van der Horst, A. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Yamazaki, R.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Meszaros, P.; Toma, K.; Wu, X. F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Haynes, R. H.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; McGlynn, S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Nakamori, T.; Troja, E.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [McBreen, S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Meegan, C.] USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohno, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tagliaferri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wu, X. F.] J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wu, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asano@phys.titech.ac.jp; narayana.bhat@nasa.gov; nicola.omodei@gmail.com RI Komin, Nukri/J-6781-2015; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Wu, Xuefeng/G-5316-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Komin, Nukri/0000-0003-3280-0582; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; McBreen, Sheila/0000-0002-1477-618X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Wu, Xuefeng/0000-0002-6299-1263; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; FU NASA; DOE; CEA/Irfu; IN2P3/CNRS; ASI; INFN; MEXT; KEK; JAXA; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF; CNES FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/558 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 564NX UT WOS:000275222900049 ER PT J AU Roy, S Hyman, SD Pal, S Lazio, TJW Ray, PS Kassim, NE AF Roy, Subhashis Hyman, Scott D. Pal, Sabyasachi Lazio, T. Joseph W. Ray, Paul S. Kassim, Namir E. TI CIRCULARLY POLARIZED EMISSION FROM THE TRANSIENT BURSTING RADIO SOURCE GCRT J1745-3009 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: center; radio continuum: general; stars: individual (GCRT J1745-3009); stars: variables: general ID LOW-MASS STARS; FLARE STARS; AD-LEONIS; DWARF; GCRT-J1745-3009; QUIESCENT; SEARCH; PULSAR; PEGASI; SOLAR AB We report on the detection of strong circularly polarized emission from the transient bursting source GCRT J1745-3009 based on new analysis of 325 MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations conducted on 2003 September 28. We place 8 R(circle dot) as the upper limit on the size of the emission region. The implied high brightness temperature required for an object beyond 1 pc and the high fraction of circular polarization firmly establish the emission as coherent. Electron cyclotron or plasma emission from a highly subsolar magnetically dominated dwarf located <= 4 kpc away could have given rise to the GCRT radio emission. C1 [Roy, Subhashis] NCRA TIFR, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Hyman, Scott D.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. [Pal, Sabyasachi] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lazio, T. Joseph W.; Kassim, Namir E.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Paul S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), NCRA TIFR, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM roy@ncra.tifr.res.in; shyman@sbc.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Research Corporation FX We thank the staff of the GMRT who made these observations possible. GMRT is run by the National Center for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. S. D. H. is supported by funding from Research Corporation. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 712 IS 1 BP L5 EP L9 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/712/1/L5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567BV UT WOS:000275418200002 ER PT J AU Stedmon, CA Osburn, CL Kragh, T AF Stedmon, Colin A. Osburn, Christopher L. Kragh, Theis TI Tracing water mass mixing in the Baltic-North Sea transition zone using the optical properties of coloured dissolved organic matter SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baltic Sea; north Sea; german Bight; water mass mixing; tracers; dissolved organic matter ID YELLOW SUBSTANCE; ABSORPTION; KATTEGAT; CDOM; SALINITY; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL; ESTUARIES; SKAGERRAK; DYNAMICS AB The distribution and characteristics of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic - North Sea transition zone were studied. The aim was to assess the validity of predicting CDOM absorption in the region on the basis of water mass mixing alone and demonstrate the utility of CDOM as an indicator of water mass mixing in coastal seas. A three-end-member mixing model representing the three major allochthonous CDOM sources was sufficient to describe the patterns in CDOM absorption distribution observed. The three-end-member water masses were the: Baltic outflow, German Bight and the central North Sea. Previously, it was thought that water from the German Bight transported northwards in the Jutland coastal current only sporadically influenced mixing between the Baltic and North Sea. The results from this study show that water from the German Bight is detectable at salinities down to 12 in the Kattegat and Belt Sea. On average, 23% of the CDOM in bottom waters of the Kattegat, Great Belt, Belt Sea, Arkona Sea and the Sound originated from the German Bight. Using this conservative mixing model approach, local CDOM inputs were detectable but found to be limited, representing only 0.25% of CDOM in the surface waters of the Kattegat and Belt Sea. The conservative mixing of CDOM makes it possible to predict its distribution and characteristics and offers a powerful tool for tracing water mass mixing in the region. The results also emphasize the need to include the Jutland Coastal current in hydrodynamic models for the region. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stedmon, Colin A.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Marine Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Osburn, Christopher L.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kragh, Theis] Univ Copenhagen, Freshwater Biol Lab, DK-3400 Hillerod, Denmark. RP Stedmon, CA (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Marine Ecol, Natl Environm Res Inst, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM cst@dmu.dk RI Stedmon, Colin/B-5841-2008; OI Stedmon, Colin/0000-0001-6642-9692; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU US. Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0357]; Danish Ministry of the Environment; Danish Council for Strategic Research FX This work was funded by the US. Office of Naval Research (Grant: N00014-06-1-0357), the Danish Ministry of the Environment and the Danish Council for Strategic Research. Peter Kofoed is thanked for his assistance in collecting samples. The crew and laboratory staff of R/V Gunnar Thorson is also thanked for their cooperation. The contour plots were created using Ocean Data View (Schlitzer, R., http://odv.awi.de). NR 35 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.022 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 568QW UT WOS:000275538600016 ER PT J AU Cooper, J Yazvenko, N Peyvan, K Maurer, K Taitt, CR Lyon, W Danley, DL AF Cooper, John Yazvenko, Nina Peyvan, Kia Maurer, Karl Taitt, Chris R. Lyon, Wanda Danley, David L. TI Targeted Deposition of Antibodies on a Multiplex CMOS Microarray and Optimization of a Sensitive Immunoassay Using Electrochemical Detection SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; POLYMERS; ARRAYS; FILMS AB Background: The CombiMatrix ElectraSense (R) microarray is a highly multiplex, complementary metal oxide semiconductor with 12,544 electrodes that are individually addressable. This platform is commercially available as a custom DNA microarray; and, in this configuration, it has also been used to tether antibodies (Abs) specifically on electrodes using complementary DNA sequences conjugated to the Abs. Methodology/Principal Findings: An empirical method is described for developing and optimizing immunoassays on the CombiMatrix ElectraSense (R) microarray based upon targeted deposition of polypyrrole (Ppy) and capture Ab. This process was automated using instrumentation that can selectively apply a potential or current to individual electrodes and also measure current generated at the electrodes by an enzyme-enhanced electrochemical (ECD) reaction. By designating groups of electrodes on the array for different Ppy deposition conditions, we determined that the sensitivity and specificity of a sandwich immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is influenced by the application of different voltages or currents and the application time. The sandwich immunoassay used a capture Ab adsorbed to the Ppy and a reporter Ab labeled for fluorescence detection or ECD, and results from these methods of detection were different. Conclusions/Significance: Using Ppy deposition conditions for optimum results, the lower limit of detection for SEB using the ECD assay was between 0.003 and 0.01 pg/ml, which represents an order of magnitude improvement over a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. In the absence of understanding the variables and complexities that affect assay performance, this highly multiplexed electrode array provided a rapid, high throughput, and empirical approach for developing a sensitive immunoassay. C1 [Cooper, John; Yazvenko, Nina; Peyvan, Kia; Maurer, Karl; Danley, David L.] CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Taitt, Chris R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lyon, Wanda] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cooper, J (reprint author), CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM ddanley@combimatrix.com FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [W911SR-08-C-0055]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-6037]; CombiMatrix Corporation FX This study was funded by contract W911SR-08-C-0055 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, by contract FA8650-09-C-6037 from the Air Force Research Laboratory, and by CombiMatrix Corporation. CombiMatrix provided funds to conduct and administer this study for which it was reimbursed (materials, salaries, overhead, and profit) through the two government contracts. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency did not have any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. W. L. is a consultant to the contracting officer's representative on the Air Force contract. CombiMatrix is a commercial for-profit company, and key investigators (J. C., N. Y., K. M., and D. L. D.) are employees of the company. Permission from supervisors was obtained to begin the study, and permission from the company's legal department was obtained to submit the manuscript. Scientific staff designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9781 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009781 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 572EH UT WOS:000275809700016 PM 20333309 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Montgomery, MT AF Bell, Michael M. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Sheared deep vortical convection in pre-depression Hagupit during TCS08 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; WESTERN PACIFIC; DISTURBANCES; PATTERNS; GENESIS; WAVES AB Airborne Doppler radar observations from the recent Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field campaign in the western North Pacific reveal the presence of deep, buoyant and vortical convective features within a vertically-sheared, westward-moving pre-depression disturbance that later developed into Typhoon Hagupit. On two consecutive days, the observations document tilted, vertically coherent precipitation, vorticity, and updraft structures in response to the complex shearing flows impinging on and occurring within the disturbance near 18 north latitude. The observations and analyses herein suggest that the low-level circulation of the pre-depression disturbance was enhanced by the coupling of the low-level vorticity and convergence in these deep convective structures on the meso-gamma scale, consistent with recent idealized studies using cloud-representing numerical weather prediction models. Further examination of these new observations is needed to quantify the relative role of these vortical convection features in the tropical cyclone spin up process. Citation: Bell, M. M., and M. T. Montgomery (2010), Sheared deep vortical convection in pre-depression Hagupit during TCS08, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06802, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042313. C1 [Bell, Michael M.; Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bell, Michael M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mmbell@nps.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; NSF [ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649944]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA FX The authors would like to acknowledge all of the TCS08 participants for their efforts in collecting the dataset used in this study, and especially Pat Harr for his leadership in executing the field program successfully. Reviews provided by Peter Black, Russell Elsberry, Wen-Chau Lee, Michael Riemer, Roger Smith, and an anonymous reviewer helped improve the manuscript. Research was supported by grant N001408WR20129 from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, NSF grants ATM-0733380, ATM-0715426, ATM-0649944 and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L06802 DI 10.1029/2009GL042313 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 572TT UT WOS:000275856800002 ER PT J AU Malvadkar, NA Sekeroglu, K Dressick, WJ Demirel, MC AF Malvadkar, Niranjan A. Sekeroglu, Koray Dressick, Walter J. Demirel, Melik C. TI Noncovalent Mechanism for the Conformal Metallization of Nanostructured Parylene Films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; EXCIMER-LASER PRETREATMENT; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; POLY(P-XYLYLENE) FILMS; POLYMER SURFACES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) FILMS; GRAFT-COPOLYMERIZATION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY AB We describe a rapid, reliable method of preparing nanoporous Ni or Co films using nanostructured poly(chlorop-xylylene)(nanoPPX) Films as templates. The nanoPPX films are vapor deposited onto Si substrates using oblique angle polymerization (OAP), resulting in the formation of an obliquely aligned PPX nanorod array on the substrate. The nanoPPX films are then subjected to noncovalent functionalization using an aromatic ligand (i.e., pyridine) by means of treatment with either an aqueous solution of the ligand or ligand vapor. The results of quartz crystal microbalance and X-ray diffraction studies Support a model in which pyridine adsorption is facilitated by the formation of pi-pi interactions with aromatic moieties in the amorphous surface regions of nanoPPX. The physisorbed pyridine in the nanoPPX film can subsequently bind a catalytic Pd(II)-based colloidal seed layer. Continuous, conformal Ni or Co films, characterized by FIB/SEM and AFM, are grown oil the Pd(II)-laden nanoPPX Films using electroless metallization, Analogous metallization of a conventionally deposited planar PPX Film results in noncontinuous or patchy metal deposits. Such behavior is attributed to the Sluggish adsorption of pyridine in the planar PPX film, resulting in an similar to 22-fold decrease in the quantity of pyridine adsorbed compared to that in a nanoPPX film. Consequently, the level of Pd(II) bound by pyridine oil a planar PPX film is insufficient to catalyze continuous metallization. Results of a statistical two-level factorial design indicate that the morphology of the metal layer formed oil a nanoPPX Film is profoundly influenced by the ligand adsorption condition (i.e., aqueous ligand vs ligand vapor treatment) and is correlated to the catalytic activity of Co films for the production of hydrogen from sodium borohydride decomposition. C1 [Malvadkar, Niranjan A.; Sekeroglu, Koray; Demirel, Melik C.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Malvadkar, Niranjan A.; Sekeroglu, Koray; Demirel, Melik C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demirel, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdemirel@engr.psu.edu RI Malvadkar, Niranjan/E-8662-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016 OI Malvadkar, Niranjan/0000-0002-6763-8469; FU Pennsylvania State University; Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory; Young Investigator Program (MCD) FX This work was supported by the Pennsylvania State University and the Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory Core 6.1 Research Program and the Young Investigator Program (MCD). We gratefully acknowledge Professor David L. Allara for allowing us access to the QCM equipment in his laboratory and Mr. Ping Kao for assisting in data collection. NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 16 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 4382 EP 4391 DI 10.1021/la9034529 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 564PE UT WOS:000275226700090 PM 20095592 ER PT J AU Flynn, RA Vurgaftman, I Bussmann, K Simpkins, BS Kim, CS Long, JP AF Flynn, Richard A. Vurgaftman, Igor Bussmann, Konrad Simpkins, B. S. Kim, Chul Soo Long, James P. TI Transmission efficiency of surface plasmon polaritons across gaps in gold waveguides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; gold; light transmission; optical waveguides; polaritons; surface plasmons ID NARROW GROOVES; FILMS; LIGHT AB A far-field microscopy approach is introduced that measures the transmittance of surface plasmon polaritons across gaps in plasmonic waveguides. Local plasmon intensity is monitored through radiation scattered from discontinuities placed before and after the gap. An unusually broad range of gap sizes, 30 nm to 16 mu m, is reported for optically thick, 5 mu m wide Au stripe-waveguides excited at 860 nm wavelength. Transmittances approach 100% for a 30 nm gap and remain as high as 50% for a 1 mu m gap. Finite-element analysis yields transmittances in agreement with experiment and finds gap losses are dominated by radiation scattered into the substrate and air. C1 [Flynn, Richard A.; Simpkins, B. S.; Long, James P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vurgaftman, Igor; Kim, Chul Soo] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bussmann, Konrad] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flynn, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.flynn.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; jp.long@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This research was performed while author Richard Flynn held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1063/1.3360202 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 572IW UT WOS:000275825200001 ER PT J AU Bellitto, VJ Melnik, MI AF Bellitto, Victor J. Melnik, Mikhail I. TI Surface defects and their role in the shock sensitivity of cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Defect; RDX; Cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine; AFM; Insensitive; Roughness ID EXPLOSIVES; RDX AB The surface of cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), a commonly used crystalline explosive was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). A diversity of surface defects was observed in different RDX particles as well as different parts of the same particle. Statistical analysis was undertaken to model the observed surface characteristics with the known shock sensitivities of the material. To quantify the surface defects observed on the crystalline surface of the RDX particles, surface roughness measurements were acquired. It was determined that there exists a statistically significant relationship between surface roughness characteristics and the shock sensitivity of the material. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Bellitto, Victor J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Dev, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Melnik, Mikhail I.] Niagara Univ, Dept Commerce, Lewiston, NY 14109 USA. RP Bellitto, VJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Dev, Bldg 600,4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM victor.bellitto@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Code 30 (ONR); Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 30 (ONR) and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) at Indian Head, MD. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dan Simons, Paul Conolly, Lt. Col. Ries and Cliff Anderson for their support of this research at ONR. The authors are also grateful to Gerry Pangilinan, Dorothy Cichra and Tom Russell for their support at NSWC. The authors express their thanks to Mary Sherlock, Joseph Chang, Robert Raines, Tina Woodland and Philip Thomas for helpful discussions and for providing the samples. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2010 VL 256 IS 11 BP 3478 EP 3481 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.12.060 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 568IE UT WOS:000275515100024 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM MacMahan, JH Beron-Vera, FJ Olascoaga, MJ AF Reniers, A. J. H. M. MacMahan, J. H. Beron-Vera, F. J. Olascoaga, M. J. TI Rip-current pulses tied to Lagrangian coherent structures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; FLOWS AB The trapping and ejection of surfzone floating material is examined by unveiling Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) hidden in the pulsating rip-current surface velocity field produced by a three-dimensional numerical model resolving wave-group induced Very Low Frequency motions (VLFs). LCSs explain the typically observed patchiness of flotsam within the surf zone and the streaky distribution outside of the surf zone. The ejection of surfzone material occurs when filament-like LCSs separate form the main rip current circulation corresponding to a situation where eddies temporarily extend the rip current beyond the surf zone and subsequently detach. The LCSs support the idea that VLFs form the dominant exchange mechanism of surfzone floating material with the inner shelf. Citation: Reniers, A. J. H. M., J. H. MacMahan, F. J. Beron-Vera, and M. J. Olascoaga (2010), Rip-current pulses tied to Lagrangian coherent structures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L05605, doi:10.1029/2009GL041443. C1 [Reniers, A. J. H. M.; Beron-Vera, F. J.; Olascoaga, M. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Reniers, A. J. H. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Hydraul Engn, Delft, Netherlands. [MacMahan, J. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM areniers@rsmas.miami.edu FU ONR [N000140710556, N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0754426, OCE 0728324, CMG0417425, CMG0825547] FX Reniers was supported by ONR contract N000140710556 and the National Science Foundation OCE 0754426. MacMahan was supported by ONR contract N00014-05-1-0154, N00014-05-1-0352, N0001407WR20226, N0001408WR20006, and the National Science Foundation OCE 0728324. Beron-Vera and Olascoaga were supported by NSF grants CMG0417425 and CMG0825547. We thank DELTARES for the use of their Delft3D software. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L05605 DI 10.1029/2009GL041443 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 568AW UT WOS:000275494800001 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Di Bernardo, G Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gaggero, D Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hughes, RE Itoh, R Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Shaw, MS Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Di Bernardo, G. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gaggero, D. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hughes, R. E. Itoh, R. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived from First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE COMPTON-SCATTERING; EGRET DATA; SOLAR AB We report on the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) measurements of the so-called "extra-galactic" diffuse gamma-ray emission (EGB). This component of the diffuse gamma-ray emission is generally considered to have an isotropic or nearly isotropic distribution on the sky with diverse contributions discussed in the literature. The derivation of the EGB is based on detailed modeling of the bright foreground diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission, the detected LAT sources, and the solar gamma-ray emission. We find the spectrum of the EGB is consistent with a power law with a differential spectral index gamma = 2.41 +/- 0.05 and intensity I(>100 MeV) = (1.03 +/- 0.17) x 10(-5) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), where the error is systematics dominated. Our EGB spectrum is featureless, less intense, and softer than that derived from EGRET data. C1 [abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Di Bernardo, G.; Gaggero, D.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Kuehn, F.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Thompson, D. J.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Itoh, R.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM markusa@slac.stanford.edu; tporter@scipp.ucsc.edu; sellerholm@physto.se RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013 OI Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France; NASA [NNX09AC15G] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LATas well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. GALPROP development is partially funded via NASA Grant No. NNX09AC15G. Some of the results in this Letter have been derived using the HEALPIX [14] package. NR 24 TC 368 Z9 369 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 10 AR 101101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.101101 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 568SR UT WOS:000275543500007 PM 20366411 ER PT J AU Yan, ZJ Bao, RQ Huang, Y Caruso, AN Qadri, SB Dinu, CZ Chrisey, DB AF Yan, Zijie Bao, Ruqiang Huang, Yong Caruso, A. N. Qadri, Syed B. Dinu, Cerasela Zoica Chrisey, Douglas B. TI Excimer Laser Production, Assembly, Sintering, and Fragmentation of Novel Fullerene-like Permalloy Particles in Liquid SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; ABLATION; IRRADIATION; NICKEL; WATER AB We report the fabrication of permalloy nanoparticles by Pulsed excimer laser ablation of a permalloy (Fe(19)Ni(81)) target ill sodium dodecyl Sulfate aqueous Solution and the subsequent laser-induced assembly, sintering, and fragmentation of the nanoparticles. Specifically, permalloy nanoparticles with diameters of 400-600 nm were observed to assemble into fullerene-like hollow microparticles. Laser irradiation caused sintering Of the assembled particles, which showed Wulff construction and ledge growth behavior and finally resulted ill smooth shells. Laser-particle interactions also caused fragmentation of the micro/nanoparticles. When the particle concentration is high, laser fragmentation rather than laser ablation dominates due to enhanced light absorption and scattering. The experiments reveal the dynamic process of the nano- and microparticle formation, demonstrating the rich processing environment of laser ablation ill liquid. C1 [Dinu, Cerasela Zoica] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Yan, Zijie; Bao, Ruqiang; Chrisey, Douglas B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Huang, Yong] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Caruso, A. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Dinu, CZ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Cerasela-Zoica.Dinu@mail.wvu.edu; chrisd@rpi.edu RI Yan, Zijie/C-5805-2009; Bao, Ruqiang/E-4402-2011 OI Yan, Zijie/0000-0003-0726-7042; Bao, Ruqiang/0000-0001-6805-3393 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 11 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 9 BP 3869 EP 3873 DI 10.1021/jp911566a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 562JG UT WOS:000275045600024 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Colavita, PE Streifer, JA Butler, JE Hamers, RJ AF Wang, Xiaoyu Colavita, Paula E. Streifer, Jeremy A. Butler, James E. Hamers, Robert J. TI Photochemical Grafting of Alkenes onto Carbon Surfaces: Identifying the Roles of Electrons and Holes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID COVALENTLY ATTACHED MONOLAYERS; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED DIAMOND; EXTREMELY MILD ATTACHMENT; THIN-FILMS; DOPED DIAMOND; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMOLECULAR RECOGNITION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; VISIBLE-LIGHT; CVD DIAMOND AB We report a mechanistic investigation of the charge transfer processes that Occur during photochemical grafting of liquid alkenes to H-terminated surfaces of diamond and amorphous carbon. Spectrally resolved photoelectron yield experiments were performed to directly characterize the photoemission of electrons from the hydrogen-terminated Surfaces into liquid alkenes, using trifluoroacetamide-protected 1-aminodec-l-ene (TFAAD) and 10-N-Boc-aminodec-l-ene (tBoc) as model alkenes having different terminal acceptor groups; 1-dodecene Was also used as a control. Corresponding X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS, UPS) establish a clear correlation between the photoelectron yield, the grafting efficiency at different wavelengths, and the valence electronic structure Of the Substrate and of the reactant molecule. Direct imaging of the Molecular layers via scanning electron microscopy shows that there are substantial differences ill the sharpness of molecular patterns that can be produced on single-crystal type Ib (low-mobility) and type IIb (high-mobility) diamond samples. Our results demonstrate that electrons and holes both play important and distinct roles in the photochemical grafting of alkenes to diamond and amorphous carbon surfaces. C1 [Wang, Xiaoyu; Colavita, Paula E.; Streifer, Jeremy A.; Hamers, Robert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Butler, James E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Colavita, Paula/H-7778-2012; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Colavita, Paula/0000-0003-1008-2874; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0613010, CHE-0911543]; Office of Naval Rescarch/Naval Research Laboratory FX This manuscript is based oil research Supported by the National Science Foundation Grants CHE-0613010 and CHE-0911543. J.E.B. acknowledges the Support of the Office of Naval Rescarch/Naval Research Laboratory. NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 11 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 9 BP 4067 EP 4074 DI 10.1021/jp911264n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 562JG UT WOS:000275045600052 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, Igor I. TI Superconductivity gets an iron boost SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PAIRING STATE; PNICTIDES; SYMMETRY AB Superconductivity, the resistance-free flow of electrical charges, is one of the most exotic phenomena in solid-state physics. Even though it was discovered almost a century ago, many questions remain unanswered, in particular those concerning the physics of high-temperature superconductivity. The recent discovery of iron-based superconductors was arguably the most important breakthrough in this field for more than two decades and may provide new avenues for understanding this high-temperature phenomenon. Here I present my view of the recent developments in this field that have led to the current understanding of this important new class of superconductor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mazin@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 15 TC 250 Z9 253 U1 11 U2 93 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 11 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7286 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1038/nature08914 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 566JO UT WOS:000275366100030 PM 20220835 ER PT J AU Galloway, DK Lin, JR Chakrabarty, D Hartman, JM AF Galloway, Duncan K. Lin, Jinrong Chakrabarty, Deepto Hartman, Jacob M. TI DISCOVERY OF A 552 Hz BURST OSCILLATION IN THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY EXO 0748-676 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: bursts; X-rays: individual (EXO 0748-676) ID ROTATING NEUTRON-STARS; REDSHIFTED ABSORPTION-LINES; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION; MILLISECOND OSCILLATIONS; TIMING-EXPLORER; SPIN FREQUENCY; ATOMIC LINES; EXO-0748-676; SPECTRA; PULSATIONS AB We report the detection of pulsations at 552 Hz in the rising phase of two type-I ( thermonuclear) X-ray bursts observed from the accreting neutron star EXO 0748-676 in 2007 January and December, by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. The fractional amplitude was 15% (rms). The dynamic power density spectrum for each burst revealed an increase in frequency of approximate to 1-2 Hz while the oscillation was present. The frequency drift, the high significance of the detections and the almost identical signal frequencies measured in two bursts separated by 11 months, confirms this signal as a burst oscillation similar to those found in 13 other sources to date. We thus conclude that the spin frequency in EXO 0748-676 is within a fewHz of 552 Hz, rather than 45 Hz as was suggested from an earlier signal detection by Villarreal & Strohmayer. Consequently, Doppler broadening must significantly affect spectral features arising from the neutron star surface, so that the narrow absorption features previously reported from an XMM-Newton spectrum could not have arisen there. The origin of both the previously reported 45Hz oscillation and the X-ray absorption lines is now uncertain. C1 [Lin, Jinrong; Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hartman, Jacob M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lin, Jinrong; Chakrabarty, Deepto] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM Duncan.Galloway@sci.monash.edu.au OI Galloway, Duncan/0000-0002-6558-5121 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2010 VL 711 IS 2 BP L148 EP L151 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/711/2/L148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567BT UT WOS:000275418000021 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Smith, CR Johnson, S Daniels, R Townsend, F AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Smith, Cynthia R. Johnson, Shawn Daniels, Risa Townsend, Forrest TI Clinical relevance of urate nephrolithiasis in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Nephrolithiasis; Ammonium acid urate; Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus ID URIC-ACID NEPHROLITHIASIS; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; SERUM CREATININE; RENAL-FUNCTION; STONES; MANAGEMENT; EQUATION; MAMMALS; RISK; SEAL AB Few cases of nephrolithiasis (renal calculi) have been reported in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. A case-control study was conducted to compare ultrasonographic images and clinicopathologic serum and urine values among 14 dolphins with nephrolithiasis (mild cases: 1 to 19 nephroliths, n = 8; advanced cases: >= 20 nephroliths, n = 6) to 6 controls over an 18 mo period. Archived nephroliths collected postmortem from 7 additional bottlenose dolphins were characterized using quantitative analysis. All advanced cases had bilateral nephroliths, and 67% had visible collecting ducts. During the study, 2 of the advanced cases developed hydronephrosis, and 1 of these cases had ureteral obstruction due to a nephrolith. Compared to controls, cases (mild and advanced) were significantly more likely to have anemia (hematocrit [HCT] < 38%), high blood urea nitrogen (>59 mg dl(-1)), high creatinine (>1.9 mg dl(-1)), and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (<150 ml min(-1) 2.78 m(-2)). Advanced-case urine samples were more likely to have erythrocytes, occult blood, and lower pH compared to mild cases and controls. Mean serum uric acid among all study groups was low (0.15 to 0.27 mg dl(-1)). Urinary uric acid concentrations were highest among mild cases (272 mg g(-1) creatinine), but advanced cases had levels lower than that of controls (40 and 127 mg g(-1) creatinine, respectively). All nephroliths were characterized as 100% ammonium acid urate. We conclude that nephrolithiasis is clinically relevant in dolphins and can decrease renal function and HCT. The presence of nephrolithiasis, presumably ammonium acid urate nephrolithiasis, in the face of low serum uric and relatively low urinary uric acid in advanced cases may indicate a metabolic syndrome similar to that reported in humans. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.; Daniels, Risa] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Johnson, Shawn] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Townsend, Forrest] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM stephanie@epitracker.com FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank the reviewers for their valued time, patience, and contributions that improved the quality and impact of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research's In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 9 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.3354/dao02187 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 576FZ UT WOS:000276131000008 PM 20402234 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Carrigan, S Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Essig, R Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Gustafsson, M Hadasch, D Harding, AK Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Garde, ML Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ripken, J Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Schalk, TL Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Carrigan, S. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Essig, R. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Garde, M. Llena Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ripken, J. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Schalk, T. L. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI Fermi Large Area Telescope Search for Photon Lines from 30 to 200 GeV and Dark Matter Implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MILKY-WAY HALO; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; OBSERVABILITY; QUARKONIUM; RAYS; MASS AB Dark matter (DM) particle annihilation or decay can produce monochromatic gamma rays readily distinguishable from astrophysical sources. gamma- ray line limits from 30 to 200 GeV obtained from 11 months of Fermi Large Area Space Telescope data from 20-300 GeV are presented using a selection based on requirements for a gamma-ray line analysis, and integrated over most of the sky. We obtain gamma-ray line flux upper limits in the range 0.6-4.5 x 10(-9) cm(-2) s(-1), and give corresponding DM annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime limits. Theoretical implications are briefly discussed. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Essig, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Essig, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Carrigan, S.; Gustafsson, M.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] M Merlin Univ, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Garde, M. Llena; Meurer, C.; Ripken, J.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Gehrels, N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guillemot, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elliott@slac.stanford.edu; conrad@physto.se RI Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation,; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. FX We thank Louis Lyons for very useful discussions. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 37 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 9 AR 091302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.091302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 564XR UT WOS:000275252500009 PM 20366979 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Brown, CM Seely, JF Dammasch, IE Landi, E Doschek, GA Colgan, J Abdallah, J Fontes, CJ Sherrill, ME AF Feldman, U. Brown, C. M. Seely, J. F. Dammasch, I. E. Landi, E. Doschek, G. A. Colgan, J. Abdallah, J., Jr. Fontes, C. J. Sherrill, M. E. TI A new approach for deriving the solar irradiance from nonflaring solar upper atmosphere plasmas at 2 x 10(4) <= T <= 2 x 10(7) K SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; POLAR CORONAL HOLE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; EUV IRRADIANCE; REFERENCE SPECTRUM; THERMAL STRUCTURE; QUIET SUN; CHIANTI; MODEL AB We propose a new approach for deriving the solar irradiance due to the emission by solar upper atmosphere plasmas at 2 x 10(4) <= T <= 2 x 10(7) K for wavelengths shorter than 800 angstrom. Our approach is based on a new understanding of the properties of the solar upper atmosphere; specifically, the discovery that the majority of emission from the nonflaring solar upper transition region and corona in the temperature range 3 x 10(5) <= T <= 3 x 10(6) K arises from isothermal plasmas that have four distinct temperatures: 0.35, 0.9, 1.4, and 3 x 10(6) K. Although the lower transition region (2 x 10(4) <= T <= 2 x 10(5) K) of coronal holes, quiet regions or active regions, is multithermal and variable in brightness, the shape of emission measure versus temperature curves in this region is almost constant. At any given time, flaring plasmas are for the most part isothermal, although their emission measure and temperature continuously change. In this paper we review these recent results and propose a set of simple spectrometers for recording the solar spectrum in several narrow bands. The solar emission measure, average plasma temperature, and composition can be derived using the measured line fluxes. By combining the emission measure and other plasma properties with the output of a suite of atomic physics codes, which are also described here, the solar irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 800 angstrom can be calculated. C1 [Feldman, U.; Brown, C. M.; Seely, J. F.; Landi, E.; Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Colgan, J.; Abdallah, J., Jr.; Fontes, C. J.; Sherrill, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Dammasch, I. E.] Observ Royal Belgique, Solar Influences Data Anal Ctr, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM enrico.landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA [NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C] FX The work of E. L. is supported by NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C, and other NASA grants. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A03101 DI 10.1029/2008JA013926 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 565UT UT WOS:000275321000001 ER PT J AU Luu, P Geyer, A Fidopiastis, C Campbell, G Wheeler, T Cohn, J Tucker, DM AF Luu, Phan Geyer, Alexandra Fidopiastis, Cali Campbell, Gwendolyn Wheeler, Tracey Cohn, Joseph Tucker, Don M. TI Reentrant Processing in Intuitive Perception SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TOP-DOWN FACILITATION; GAMMA-BAND RESPONSE; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; GLOBAL FEATURES; ATTENTION; EEG; NEUROSCIENCE; RECOGNITION; MECHANISMS; DISCOVERY AB The process of perception requires not only the brain's receipt of sensory data but also the meaningful organization of that data in relation to the perceptual experience held in memory. Although it typically results in a conscious percept, the process of perception is not fully conscious. Research on the neural substrates of human visual perception has suggested that regions of limbic cortex, including the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC), may contribute to intuitive judgments about perceptual events, such as guessing whether an object might be present in a briefly presented fragmented drawing. Examining dense array measures of cortical electrical activity during a modified Waterloo Gestalt Closure Task, results show, as expected, that activity in medial orbital frontal electrical responses ( about 250 ms) was associated with intuitive judgments. Activity in the right temporal-parietal-occipital (TPO) region was found to predict mOFC (, 150 ms) activity and, in turn, was subsequently influenced by the mOFC at a later time (similar to 300 ms). The initial perception of gist or meaning of a visual stimulus in limbic networks may thus yield reentrant input to the visual areas to influence continued development of the percept. Before perception is completed, the initial representation of gist may support intuitive judgments about the ongoing perceptual process. C1 [Luu, Phan; Tucker, Don M.] Elect Geodes Inc, Eugene, OR USA. [Geyer, Alexandra] Aptima Inc, Woburn, MA USA. [Fidopiastis, Cali] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Campbell, Gwendolyn] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. [Wheeler, Tracey] Syst Planning Corp, Arlington, VA USA. [Cohn, Joseph] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Def Sci Off, Arlington, VA USA. RP Luu, P (reprint author), Elect Geodes Inc, Eugene, OR USA. EM pluu@egi.com FU Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This research was funded by the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Several authors on this manuscript are also employees of a commercial EEG company. Like efforts of all authors on this project, their efforts reflect financial support from DARPA. DARPA had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 4 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9523 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009523 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 564EW UT WOS:000275197100009 PM 20209101 ER PT J AU Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Lee, SH Huston, AL Pique, A AF Kim, H. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Lee, S. H. Huston, A. L. Pique, A. TI Laser-printed interdigitated Ag electrodes for organic thin film transistors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; NANOPARTICLE; PENTACENE; GOLD AB Pentacene-based thin film transistors (TFTs) with top contact (TC) and bottom contact (BC) configurations were fabricated on glass substrates using laser-printed silver nanoinks as the bottom gate and source/drain electrodes with a cross-linked poly-4-vinylphenol dielectric layer. Nanostructured source/drain Ag electrodes with various channel lengths (10-100 mu m) were successfully fabricated on the pentacene layer without any damage from the Ag nanoink solvents due to the use of a semi-dry laser transfer process. Compared with the BC transistors, the TC transistors exhibited improved ohmic contact behaviour between the drain/source electrodes and the pentacene layer, which resulted in efficient charge carrier injection with higher drain current values than those obtained from the BC transistors. Analysis of the contact characteristics also showed a reduced contact resistance for the TC transistors than those from the BC transistors. The TC-TFTs exhibited a field-effect mobility of 0.11 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), an on/off current ratio of similar to 10(5) and a threshold voltage of -2 V in the saturation region. C1 [Kim, H.; Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Lee, S. H.; Huston, A. L.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, H.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heungsoo.kim@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 8 AR 085101 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/8/085101 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 554BW UT WOS:000274411500004 ER PT J AU Lalani, T Cabell, CH Benjamin, DK Lasca, O Naber, C Fowler, VG Corey, GR Chu, VH Fenely, M Pachirat, O Tan, RS Watkin, R Ionac, A Moreno, A Mestres, CA Casabe, J Chipigina, N Eisen, DP Spelman, D Delahaye, F Peterson, G Olaison, L Wang, A AF Lalani, Tahaniyat Cabell, Christopher H. Benjamin, Daniel K. Lasca, Ovidiu Naber, Christoph Fowler, Vance G., Jr. Corey, G. Ralph Chu, Vivian H. Fenely, Michael Pachirat, Orathai Tan, Ru-San Watkin, Richard Ionac, Adina Moreno, Asuncion Mestres, Carlos A. Casabe, Jose Chipigina, Natalia Eisen, Damon P. Spelman, Denis Delahaye, Francois Peterson, Gail Olaison, Lars Wang, Andrew CA ICE PCS Investigators TI Analysis of the Impact of Early Surgery on In-Hospital Mortality of Native Valve Endocarditis Use of Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Treatment-Selection Bias SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE surgery; endocarditis; drug therapy; hospital mortality ID INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; INTERNATIONAL-COLLABORATION; 6-MONTH MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; PROGRESS AB Background-The impact of early surgery on mortality in patients with native valve endocarditis (NVE) is unresolved. This study sought to evaluate valve surgery compared with medical therapy for NVE and to identify characteristics of patients who are most likely to benefit from early surgery. Methods and Results-Using a prospective, multinational cohort of patients with definite NVE, the effect of early surgery on in-hospital mortality was assessed by propensity-based matching adjustment for survivor bias and by instrumental variable analysis. Patients were stratified by propensity quintile, paravalvular complications, valve perforation, systemic embolization, stroke, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and congestive heart failure. Of the 1552 patients with NVE, 720 (46%) underwent early surgery and 832 (54%) were treated with medical therapy. Compared with medical therapy, early surgery was associated with a significant reduction in mortality in the overall cohort (12.1% [87/720] versus 20.7% [172/832]) and after propensity-based matching and adjustment for survivor bias (absolute risk reduction [ARR]-5.9%, P < 0.001). With a combined instrument, the instrumental-variable-adjusted ARR in mortality associated with early surgery was -11.2% (P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, surgery was found to confer a survival benefit compared with medical therapy among patients with a higher propensity for surgery (ARR -10.9% for quintiles 4 and 5, P = 0.002) and those with paravalvular complications (ARR -17.3%, P < 0.001), systemic embolization (ARR -12.9%, P = 0.002), S aureus NVE (ARR -20.1%, P < 0.001), and stroke (ARR -13%, P = 0.02) but not those with valve perforation or congestive heart failure. Conclusions-Early surgery for NVE is associated with an in-hospital mortality benefit compared with medical therapy alone. (Circulation. 2010; 121: 1005-1013.) C1 [Wang, Andrew] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Lalani, Tahaniyat; Fowler, Vance G., Jr.; Corey, G. Ralph; Chu, Vivian H.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Lalani, Tahaniyat; Fowler, Vance G., Jr.; Corey, G. Ralph; Chu, Vivian H.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Cabell, Christopher H.] Quintiles Translational Corp, Durham, NC USA. [Benjamin, Daniel K.; Lasca, Ovidiu] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Naber, Christoph] Univ Duisburg Essen, W German Heart Ctr Essen, Dept Cardiol, Essen, Germany. [Fenely, Michael] St Vincents Hosp, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Pachirat, Orathai] Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Tan, Ru-San] Natl Heart Ctr, Singapore, Singapore. [Watkin, Richard] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Ionac, Adina] Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Timisoara, Romania. [Moreno, Asuncion; Mestres, Carlos A.] Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. [Casabe, Jose] Favaloro Univ, Inst Cardiol & Cirugia Cardiovasc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Eisen, Damon P.] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Chipigina, Natalia] Russian State Med Univ, Moscow 117437, Russia. [Spelman, Denis] Alfred Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Delahaye, Francois] Hosp Louis Pradel, Bron, France. [Peterson, Gail] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Olaison, Lars] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Lalani, T (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bldg 3,1st Floor,620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM tlalani@idcrp.org FU Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD06/0008]; Fundacion Privada Maximo Soriano Jimenez, Barcelona, Spain; National Institutes of Health [R01-AI068804]; American Heart Association [3830047] FX Grants were received from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD06/0008), and Fundacion Privada Maximo Soriano Jimenez, Barcelona, Spain (grant supporting the Hospital Clnic Endocarditis database; Dr Moreno); and the National Institutes of Health (Dr Fowler; grant no. R01-AI068804). This study was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association (3830047) to Dr Wang. The funding source had no role in the design or conduct of the study. The ICE project has also received funding from investigator donations (Bruno Barsic, Dr Corey, Dr Fowler, David Gordon, Dr Wang) and educational grants (Cubist Pharmaceuticals, International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases). NR 23 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 2 PY 2010 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1005 EP U49 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.864488 PG 17 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 562EY UT WOS:000275033700014 PM 20159831 ER PT J AU Reichert, WM Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Reichert, W. Matthew Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI 3-(1-Methyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate: a precursor to a Bronsted acid ionic liquid SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SALTS AB The title compound, C7H12N2O3S, is a zwitterion precursor to a Bronsted acid ionic liquid with potential as an acid catalyst. The C-N-C-C torsion angle of 100.05 (8)degrees allows the positively charged imidazolium head group and the negatively charged sulfonate group to interact with neighboring zwitter-ions, forming a C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen-bonding network; the shortest among these interactions is 2.9512 (9) angstrom. The C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions can be described by graph-set notation as two R-2(2)(16) and one R-2(2)(5) hydrogen-bonded rings. C1 [Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research; US Naval Academy Research Foundation FX Portions of this work were funded by the Office of Naval Research and the US Naval Academy Research Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusion or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Navy. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2056-9890 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAR PY 2010 VL 66 BP O591 EP U4799 DI 10.1107/S1600536810004344 PN 3 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 563JZ UT WOS:000275126500160 PM 21580354 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, Craig L. TI A Measureless Peril: America in the Fight for the Atlantic, the Longest Baffle of World War II SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Symonds, Craig L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 569EQ UT WOS:000275579600022 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Garland, CF Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Ultraviolet B Irradiance and Incidence Rates of Bladder Cancer in 174 Countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D SYNTHESIS; BREAST-CANCER; PLASMA 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POOLED ANALYSIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; HUMAN-SKIN; RISK; PREVENTION; SCHISTOSOMIASIS AB Background: Although nearly half of bladder cancer cases are due to smoking, the cause of nearly half is unexplained. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether an inverse association exists between ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and incidence rates of bladder cancer worldwide. Methods: This study used an ecologic approach. Age-adjusted incidence rates of bladder cancer from 2002 were obtained for all 174 countries in GLOBOCAN, a database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The relationship of latitude and estimated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with incidence rates was determined. The independent contributions to incidence rates of bladder cancer of UVB, per capita cigarette consumption in 1980, and per capita health expenditure for 2001 were assessed using multiple regression. The analyses were performed in July 2008. Results: Bladder cancer incidence rates were higher in countries at higher latitudes than those nearer to the equator (r=-0.66, 95% Cl=-0.74, -0.57, p<0.01). Ultraviolet B irradiance was independently inversely associated with incidence rates of bladder cancer after controlling for per capita cigarette consumption (beta=-0.28, 95% CI-0.51, -0.05; R(2) for model=0.38, p<0.0001). Further, UVB irradiance was also inversely associated with incidence rates after controlling for per capita health expenditure (beta=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.36, -0.01; R(2) for model=0.49, p<0.0001) in a separate regression model. Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to confirm the associations identified in this study using observational studies of individuals. The focus of this research should include the association of serum 25(OH)D levels with risk of bladder cancer. (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(3):296 -302) (C) 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grant, William B.] Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 FU Hollings Cancer Center of the Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC, through the Department of the Navy; Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [60126]; UV Foundation; Sunlight Research Forum; Bio-Tech-Pharmacal FX This research was supported by a congressional allocation to the Hollings Cancer Center of the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, through the Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit No. 60126. Thanks to the staff of the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research in Cancer of the WHO for providing the age-standardized data used in this study. Thanks also to the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information for providing the population centroids for each country that was used in this study.; The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not represent an official position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.; WBG receives funding from the UV Foundation (McLean VA), the Sunlight Research Forum (Veldhoven), and Bio-Tech-Pharmacal (Fayetteville AR), and has previously received funding from the Vitamin D Society (Canada). WBG has also received honoraria for presentations on vitamin D for cancer prevention. No other financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.044 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 566OW UT WOS:000275383100007 PM 20171531 ER PT J AU Fredriksson, DW Steppe, CN Wallendorf, L Sweeney, S Kriebel, D AF Fredriksson, David W. Steppe, Cecily N. Wallendorf, Louise Sweeney, Stephen Kriebel, David TI Biological and hydrodynamic design considerations for vertically oriented oyster grow out structures SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Shellfish; Coastal observatory; Growth rates; Inertia coefficient; Drag coefficient; KC and Re number ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; FORCE COEFFICIENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NET PANELS; FISH CAGE; CYLINDERS; AQUACULTURE; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Populations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica have declined steadily over the last century, leading to both poor water quality and to the collapse of the oyster fishery in the Chesapeake Bay. In response, laboratory-reared spat and juvenile oysters have been raised in specialized facilities and then placed on restored bars. The relative efficacy of this technique versus other methods for growing juvenile oysters remains unknown. In this study, work was performed to determine biological response and hydrodynamic design techniques to specify vertically oriented oyster farming structures. The study was conducted considering sites in the upper Chesapeake Bay. To assess biological response, oyster growth rates in trays deployed at 0.5 m increments were measured over a nine-month period at a representative location with a depth of 3.5 m. The growth of the oysters was compared with those placed in trays on a nearby restored bar (depth of 2 m). Although oyster loss was substantial in trays deployed at depths of 0.5 and 1.0 m, changes in oyster height over the course of the experiment (0.06 mm d(-1)) did not differ significantly among depth treatments or between the vertical trays and those on the restored bar. This indicates that the deployment of vertical arrays of trays with a minimal depth of 1.0 m may efficiently utilize the water column to grow out juvenile C. virginica. To develop hydrodynamic design techniques, a series of full scale tests was conducted with a stack of trays with oyster shells at the U.S. Naval Academy, Hydromechanics Laboratory. The stack of trays was subjected to steady tow velocities and oscillatory flows to examine drag and inertia force characteristics as a function of both Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter numbers. With force coefficient results, a loading scheme was developed for a prototype oyster grow out structure by applying Stoke's second order wave theory and the Morison equation. Environmental conditions representative of the Severn River (Annapolis, MD, USA) were used in the analysis and consisted of waves with a height of I m and a period of 5 s with a current of 0.5 m s(-1). The results of the hydrodynamic forcing calculations yielded a horizontal design load of 1100 N. which was then used to specify components of the grow out Structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fredriksson, David W.; Kriebel, David] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Steppe, Cecily N.; Sweeney, Stephen] USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Wallendorf, Louise] USN Acad, Hydromech Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,11D Annapolis, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fredriks@usna.edu RI Steppe, Cecily/K-3388-2012 OI Steppe, Cecily/0000-0002-5448-3533 FU Maryland Sea Grant Project [N0016109WENA003]; NAVSEA Project [N0002409RA08U5N] FX This project was funded by Maryland Sea Grant Project N0016109WENA003 and NAVSEA Project N0002409RA08U5N. It began has a part of a student capstone design project with then Midshipmen B. Allen, K. Hanford, T. Kiernan and B. Lindsay (now Naval Officers). Their hard work inspired the authors to continue the research. The authors would also like to thank Professors Greg White and Sarah Mouring, John Zseleczky, Don Bunker, Linda Brockson, LCDR Joe O'Sullivan and Michele Morgado for assistance on various parts of this project. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 42 IS 2 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.11.002 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 565ZZ UT WOS:000275340400002 ER PT J AU Slabaugh, MA Nho, SJ Grumet, RC Wilson, JB Seroyer, ST Frank, RM Romeo, AA Provencher, MT Verma, NN AF Slabaugh, Mark A. Nho, Shane J. Grumet, Robert C. Wilson, Joseph B. Seroyer, Shane T. Frank, Rachel M. Romeo, Anthony A. Provencher, Matthew T. Verma, Nikhil N. TI Does the Literature Confirm Superior Clinical Results in Radiographically Healed Rotator Cuffs After Rotator Cuff Repair? SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Review ID 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SUPRASPINATUS TENDON REPAIR; SIMPLE SHOULDER TEST; SINGLE-ROW; ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR; STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY; MASSIVE TEARS; ARTHROGRAPHY; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB Purpose: Because recurrent or persistent defects in the rotator cuff after repair are common, we sought to systematic review of relevant studies. Methods: Medline, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all literature published from January 1966 to December 2008 that used the key words shoulder, rotator cuff, rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff repair, arthroscopic, integrity, healed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography arthrography (CTA), and ultrasound. The inclusion criteria were studies (Levels I to IV) that reported outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in healed and nonhealed repairs based on ultrasound, CTA, and/or MRI. Exclusionary criteria were studies that included open repair or subscapularis repair and studies that did not define outcomes based on healed versus nonhealed but rather used another variable (i.e., repair technique). Data were abstracted from the studies including patient demographics, tear characteristics, surgical procedure, rehabilitation, strength, range of motion, clinical scoring systems, and imaging studies. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the final analysis: 5 used ultrasound, 4 used MRI, 2 used CTA, and 2 used combined CTA/MRI for diagnosis of a recurrent tear. Statistical improvement in patients who had an intact cuff at follow-up was seen in Constant scores in 6 of 9 studies; in University of California, Los Angeles scores in 1 of 2 studies; in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores in 0 of 3 studies; and in Simple Shoulder Test scores in 0 of 2 studies. Increased range of motion in forward elevation was seen in 2 of 5 studies and increased strength in forward elevation in 5 of 8 studies. Conclusions: The results suggest that some important differences in clinical outcomes likely exist between patients with healed and nonhealed rotator cuff repairs. Further study is needed to conclusively define this difference and identify other important prognostic factors related to clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review. C1 [Slabaugh, Mark A.; Nho, Shane J.; Grumet, Robert C.; Wilson, Joseph B.; Seroyer, Shane T.; Frank, Rachel M.; Romeo, Anthony A.; Verma, Nikhil N.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med,Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Verma, NN (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med,Rush Med Coll, 1725 W Harrison Ave,Ste 1063, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM nverma@rushortho.com OI Frank, Rachel/0000-0002-1120-0521; Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 56 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.07.023 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 571YR UT WOS:000275792900020 PM 20206051 ER PT J AU Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Jaffe, YL Deo, RP Collins, NR Fischer, TC AF Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Jaffe, Y. L. Deo, R. P. Collins, N. R. Fischer, T. C. TI THE GEOMETRY OF MASS OUTFLOWS AND FUELING FLOWS IN THE SEYFERT 2 GALAXY MRK 3 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Mrk 3); galaxies: Seyfert ID NARROW-LINE REGION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPACE-TELESCOPE SURVEY; CIRCUMNUCLEAR DUST; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; INACTIVE GALAXIES; IMAGING SURVEY; EMISSION; MARKARIAN-3; MORPHOLOGY AB We present a study of the resolved emission-line regions and an inner dust/gas disk in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3, based on Hubble Space Telescope observations. We show that the extended narrow-line region (ENLR), spanning similar to 4 kpc, is defined by the intersection of the ionizing bicone of radiation from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and the inner disk, which is not coplanar with the large-scale stellar disk. This intersection leads to different position and opening angles of the ENLR compared to the narrow-line region (NLR). A number of emission-line arcs in the ENLR appear to be continuations of dust lanes in the disk, supporting this geometry. The NLR, which consists of outflowing emission-line knots spanning the central similar to 650 pc, is in the shape of a backward S. This shape may arise from rotation of the gas, or it may trace the original fueling flow close to the nucleus that was ionized after the AGN turned on. C1 [Crenshaw, D. M.; Fischer, T. C.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Jaffe, Y. L.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Deo, R. P.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Collins, N. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crenshaw, DM (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 Pk Pl S SE,Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM crenshaw@chara.gsu.edu FU NASA, Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-11243.04-A, NAS 5-26555] FX Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (MAST). Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant number HST-AR-11243.04-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 139 IS 3 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/3/871 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554IV UT WOS:000274429600007 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Gotthelf, EV Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jean, P Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Marshall, F Martin, P Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, M Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sellerholm, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Starck, JL Strickman, MS Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Gotthelf, E. V. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jean, P. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knodlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Marshall, F. Martin, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, M. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sellerholm, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI Observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Fermi SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; Magellanic Clouds; gamma rays: galaxies ID GALACTIC GAMMA-RAYS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; ALL-SKY SURVEY; COSMIC-RAYS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; X-RAY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; APERTURE SYNTHESIS; OUTER GALAXY AB Context. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is to date the only normal external galaxy that has been detected in high-energy gamma rays. High-energy gamma rays trace particle acceleration processes and gamma-ray observations allow the nature and sites of acceleration to be studied. Aims. We characterise the distribution and sources of cosmic rays in the LMC from analysis of gamma-ray observations. Methods. We analyse 11 months of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and compare it to tracers of the interstellar medium and models of the gamma-ray sources in the LMC. Results. The LMC is detected at 33 sigma significance. The integrated >100 MeV photon flux of the LMC amounts to (2.6 +/- 0.2) x 10(-7) ph cm(-2) s(-1) which corresponds to an energy flux of (1.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1), with additional systematic uncertainties of less than or similar to 16%. The analysis reveals the massive star forming region 30 Doradus as a bright source of gamma-ray emission in the LMC in addition to fainter emission regions found in the northern part of the galaxy. The gamma-ray emission from the LMC shows very little correlation with gas density and is rather correlated to tracers of massive star forming regions. The close confinement of gamma-ray emission to star forming regions suggests a relatively short GeV cosmic-ray proton diffusion length. Conclusions. The close correlation between cosmic-ray density and massive star tracers supports the idea that cosmic rays are accelerated in massive star forming regions as a result of the large amounts of kinetic energy that are input by the stellar winds and supernova explosions of massive stars into the interstellar medium. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Starck, J. -L.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; Marshall, F.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Sellerholm, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Sellerholm, A.; Ylinen, T.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Grp Coll Udine, Sez Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gotthelf, E. V.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Jean, P.; Knodlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Martin, P.; Orlando, E.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] IEEC CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Weltevrede, P.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pierre.jean@cesr.fr; jurgen.knodlseder@cesr.fr; tporter@scipp.ucsc.edu RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013 OI Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 61 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 512 AR A7 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913474 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 577SY UT WOS:000276245500019 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dingus, BL Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giavitto, G Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Makeev, A Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Roberts, MSE Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Ro'mani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Watters, K Winer, BL Wolff, MT Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dingus, B. L. Dormody, M. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giavitto, G. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Makeev, A. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Roberts, M. S. E. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Ro'mani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Watters, K. Winer, B. L. Wolff, M. T. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI PSR J1907+0602: A RADIO-FAINT GAMMA-RAY PULSAR POWERING A BRIGHT TeV PULSAR WIND NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J1907+0602); supernovae: individual (SNR G40.5-0.5) ID GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; X-RAY; AREA TELESCOPE; REMNANT; LAT; PARALLAXES; G40.5-0.5; EMISSION; MILAGRO; CATALOG AB We present multiwavelength studies of the 106.6 ms gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1907+06 near the TeV source MGRO J1908+06. Timing observations with Fermi result in a precise position determination for the pulsar of R.A. = 19(h)07(m)54.(s)7(2), decl. = +06 degrees 02'16(2)'' placing the pulsar firmly within the TeV source extent, suggesting the TeV source is the pulsar wind nebula of PSR J1907+0602. Pulsed gamma-ray emission is clearly visible at energies from 100 MeV to above 10 GeV. The phase-averaged power-law index in the energy range E > 0.1 GeV is Gamma = 1.76 +/- 0.05 with an exponential cutoff energy E-c = 3.6 +/- 0.5 GeV. We present the energy-dependent gamma-ray pulsed light curve as well as limits on off-pulse emission associated with the TeV source. We also report the detection of very faint (flux density of similar or equal to 3.4 mu Jy) radio pulsations with the Arecibo telescope at 1.5 GHz having a dispersion measure DM = 82.1 +/- 1.1 cm(-3) pc. This indicates a distance of 3.2 +/- 0.6 kpc and a pseudo-luminosity of L-1400 similar or equal to 0.035 mJy kpc(2). A Chandra ACIS observation revealed an absorbed, possibly extended, compact (less than or similar to 4 '') X-ray source with significant nonthermal emission at R.A. = 19(h)07(m)54.(s)76, decl. = + 06 degrees 02'14.'' 6 with a flux of 2.3(-1.4)(+0.6) x 10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1). From archival ASCA observations, we place upper limits on any arcminute scale 2-10 keV X-ray emission of similar to 1 x 10(-13) erg cm(-2) s(-1). The implied distance to the pulsar is compatible with that of the supernova remnant G40.5-0.5, located on the far side of the TeV nebula from PSR J1907+0602, and the S74 molecular cloud on the nearer side which we discuss as potential birth sites. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P. S.; Roberts, M. S. E.; Strickman, M. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A. A.] USN, Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Ro'mani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Ro'mani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Giavitto, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, Oe.; Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.; Venter, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.; Roberts, M. S. E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dingus, B. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dormody, M.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, UMR 5797, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Freire, P. C. C.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Freire, P. C. C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johnston, S.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roberts, M. S. E.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aous.abdo@nrl.navy.mil; malloryr@gmail.com; Kent.Wood@nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Roberts, Mallory/0000-0002-9396-9720; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO6-7136X]; NASA [NAS8-03060] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges the generous support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the Fermi LAT Collaboration. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. The Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, which is operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation Operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number GO6-7136X issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. This research has made use of software provided by the Chandra X-Ray Center in the application package CIAO. This research has made use of data obtained from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 711 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/64 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554EE UT WOS:000274417500006 ER PT J AU Landi, E Raymond, JC Miralles, MP Hara, H AF Landi, E. Raymond, J. C. Miralles, M. P. Hara, H. TI PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN A CORONAL MASS EJECTION FROM HINODE, STEREO, AND SOHO OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation; techniques: spectroscopic ID SOLAR CORONA; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; FE XIII; ULTRAVIOLET; WAVELENGTHS; CALIBRATION; UVCS/SOHO AB In the present work, we analyze multiwavelength observations from Hinode, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and STEREO of the early phases of a coronal mass ejection (CME). We use Hinode/EIS and SOHO/UVCS high-resolution spectra to measure the physical properties of the CME ejecta as a function of time at 1.1 and 1.9 solar radii. Hinode/XRT images are used in combination with EIS spectra to constrain the high temperature plasma properties of the ejecta. SECCHI/EUVI, SECCHI/COR 1, SOHO/EIT, and SOHO/LASCO images are used to measure the CME trajectory, velocity, and acceleration. The combination of measurements of plane of the sky velocities from two different directions allows us to determine the total velocity of the CME plasma up to 5 solar radii. Plasma properties, dynamical status, thermal structure, and brightness distributions are used to constrain the energy content of the CME plasma and to determine the heating rate. We find that the heating is larger than the kinetic energy, and compare it to theoretical predictions from models of CME plasma heating and acceleration. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Raymond, J. C.; Miralles, M. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hara, H.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 FU NASA [NNX09AB17G-R, NNX06AG95G]; [NNH06CD24C]; [NNG04ED07P]; [NNH09AL49I] FX The work of E.L. is supported by the NNH06CD24C, NNG04ED07P, NNH09AL49I and other NASA grants. J.R.'s work was supported by NASA grant NNX09AB17G-R to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The work of M.P.M. is supported by NASA grant NNX06AG95G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The authors acknowledge the help of Drs. R. Colaninno and G. Stenborg on the use of STEREO data, and Dr. A. van Ballegooijen for helpful discussions. STEREO is a project of NASA, SOHO is a joint ESA/NASA project. Hinode is a Japanese mission built and launched by JAXA/ISAS, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA (USA), and PPARC (UK) as international partners. We warmly thank the anonymous referee for his/her valuable comments and suggestions that helped us greatly improve the paper. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 711 IS 1 BP 75 EP 98 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/75 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554EE UT WOS:000274417500007 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Brooks, DH AF Warren, Harry P. Winebarger, Amy R. Brooks, David H. TI EVIDENCE FOR STEADY HEATING: OBSERVATIONS OF AN ACTIVE REGION CORE WITH HINODE AND TRACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SOFT-X-RAY; TRANSITION-REGION; CORONAL-EXPLORER; QUIET-SUN; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR CORONA AB The timescale for energy release is an important parameter for constraining the coronal heating mechanism. Observations of "warm" coronal loops (similar to 1 MK) have indicated that the heating is impulsive and that coronal plasma is far from equilibrium. In contrast, observations at higher temperatures (similar to 3 MK) have generally been consistent with steady heating models. Previous observations, however, have not been able to exclude the possibility that the high temperature loops are actually composed of many small-scale threads that are in various stages of heating and cooling and only appear to be in equilibrium. With new observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode we have the ability to investigate the properties of high temperature coronal plasma in extraordinary detail. We examine the emission in the core of an active region and find three independent lines of evidence for steady heating. We find that the emission observed in XRT is generally steady for hours, with a fluctuation level of approximately 15% in an individual pixel. Short-lived impulsive heating events are observed, but they appear to be unrelated to the steady emission that dominates the active region. Furthermore, we find no evidence for warm emission that is spatially correlated with the hot emission, as would be expected if the high temperature loops are the result of impulsive heating. Finally, we also find that intensities in the "moss," the footpoints of high temperature loops, are consistent with steady heating models provided that we account for the local expansion of the loop from the base of the transition region to the corona. In combination, these results provide strong evidence that the heating in the core of an active region is effectively steady, that is, the time between heating events is short relative to the relevant radiative and conductive cooling times. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Brooks, David H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Winebarger, Amy R.] Alabama A&M, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Brooks, David H.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). TRACE is supported by a NASA contract to LMATC. The authors thank Jim Klimchuk for helpful discussions on the coronal heating problem, George Doschek for an explanation of the Fe XIII 202.044 angstrom emissivity, and the referee for a number of very helpful comments on the original manuscript. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 711 IS 1 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/228 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554EE UT WOS:000274417500021 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Boettcher, M. Dermer, C. D. TI TIMING SIGNATURES OF THE INTERNAL-SHOCK MODEL FOR BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; gamma rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; SELF-COMPTON MODEL; X-RAY; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; MARKARIAN 421; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; WEBT CAMPAIGN AB We investigate the spectral and timing signatures of the internal-shock model for blazars. For this purpose, we develop a semi-analytical model for the time-dependent radiative output from internal shocks arising from colliding relativistic shells in a blazar jet. The emission through synchrotron and synchrotron-self Compton radiation as well as Comptonization of an isotropic external radiation field are taken into account. We evaluate the discrete correlation function (DCF) of the model light curves in order to evaluate features of photon-energy-dependent time lags and the quality of the correlation, represented by the peak value of the DCF. The almost completely analytic nature of our approach allows us to study in detail the influence of various model parameters on the resulting spectral and timing features. This paper focuses on a range of parameters in which the gamma-ray production is dominated by Comptonization of external radiation, most likely appropriate for gamma-ray bright flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) or low-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs). In most cases relevant for FSRQs and LBLs, the variability of the optical emission is highly correlated with the X-ray and high-energy (HE: > 100 MeV) gamma-ray emission. Our baseline model predicts a lead of the optical variability with respect to the higher-energy bands by 1-2 hr and of the HE gamma-rays before the X-rays by about 1 hr. We show that variations of certain parameters may lead to changing signs of inter-band time lags, potentially explaining the lack of persistent trends of time lags in most blazars. C1 [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Dermer, C. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Clippinger 339, Athens, OH 45701 USA. FU NASA [NNX09AI71G, NNX09AT82G]; Office of Naval Research FX M. B. acknowledges partial support from NASA through International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) Guest Investigator grant NNX09AI71G and Fermi Guest Investigator grant NNX09AT82G. The work of C. D. D. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 711 IS 1 BP 445 EP 460 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/445 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 554EE UT WOS:000274417500039 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR AF Wu, P. K. Ringeisen, B. R. TI Development of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cell (HUVSMC) branch/stem structures on hydrogel layers via biological laser printing (BioLP) SO BIOFABRICATION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; VASCULAR NETWORK; ANGIOGENESIS; SCAFFOLDS; CULTURE; MODEL; VEGF AB Angiogenesis is one of the prerequisite steps for viable tissue formation. The ability to influence the direction and structure in the formation of a vascular system is crucial in engineering tissue. Using biological laser printing (BioLP), we fabricated branch/stem structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMC). The structure is simple as to mimic vascular networks in natural tissue but also allow cells to develop new, finer structures away from the stem and branches. Additionally, we printed co-culture structures by first depositing only HUVECs, followed by 24 h incubation to allow for adequate cell-cell communication and differentiation into lumina; these cell printed scaffold layers were then removed from incubation and inserted into the BioLP apparatus so that HUVSMCs could be directly deposited on top and around the previously printed HUVEC structures. The growth and differentiation of these co-culture structures was then compared to the growth of printed samples with either HUVECs or HUVSMCs alone. Lumen formation was found to closely mimic the original branch and stem structure. The beginning of a network structure is observed. HUVSMCs acted to limit HUVEC over-growth and migration when compared to printed HUVEC structures alone. HUVSMCs and HUVECS, when printed in close contact, appear to form cell-cell junctions around lumen-like structures. They demonstrate a symbiotic relationship which affects their development of phenotype when in close proximity of each other. Our results indicate that it is possible to direct the formation and growth of lumen and lumen network using BioLP. C1 [Wu, P. K.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Ringeisen, B. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory [62236N] FX The research was made possible through support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Naval Research Laboratory 6.2 funds (PE#62236N). NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1758-5082 J9 BIOFABRICATION JI Biofabrication PD MAR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 AR 014111 DI 10.1088/1758-5082/2/1/014111 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 602DJ UT WOS:000278118400012 PM 20811126 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. TI Detecting recursive and nonrecursive filters using chaos SO CHAOS LA English DT Article DE chaos; radar signal processing; recursive filters; sonar signal processing ID DIMENSION; SYSTEMS AB Filtering a chaotic signal through a recursive [or infinite impulse response (IIR)] filter has been shown to increase the dimension of chaos under certain conditions. Filtering with a nonrecursive [or finite impulse response (FIR)] filter should not increase dimension, but it has been shown that if the FIR filter has a long tail, measurements of actual signals may appear to show a dimension increase. I simulate IIR and FIR filters that correspond to naturally occurring resonant objects, and I show that using dimension measurements, I can distinguish the filter type. These measurements could be used to detect resonances using radar, sonar, or laser signals, or to determine if a resonance is due to an IIR or an FIR filter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 AR 013123 DI 10.1063/1.3357984 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 577GV UT WOS:000276211400023 PM 20370278 ER PT J AU Green, MA Rowley, CW Smits, AJ AF Green, Melissa A. Rowley, Clarence W. Smits, Alexander J. TI Using hyperbolic Lagrangian coherent structures to investigate vortices in bioinspired fluid flows SO CHAOS LA English DT Article DE flow simulation; flow visualisation; Lyapunov methods; turbulence; vortices; wakes ID TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; PITCHING PANEL; VORTEX; PERFORMANCE; DEFINITION; PROPULSION; TRANSPORT; AIRFOIL; FIELDS AB We use direct Lyapunov exponents to identify Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in a bioinspired fluid flow: the wakes of rigid pitching panels with a trapezoidal planform geometry chosen to model idealized fish caudal fins. When compared with commonly used Eulerian criteria, the Lagrangian method has previously exhibited the ability to define structure boundaries without relying on a preselected threshold. In addition, qualitative changes in the LCS have previously been shown to correspond to physical changes in the vortex structure. For this paper, digital particle image velocimetry experiments were performed to obtain the time-resolved velocity fields for Strouhal numbers of 0.17 and 0.27. A classic reverse von Kaacutermaacuten vortex street pattern was observed along the midspan of the near wake at low Strouhal number, but at higher Strouhal number the complexity of the wake increased downstream of the trailing edge. The spanwise vortices spread transversely across the wake and lose coherence, and this event was shown to correspond to a qualitative change in the LCS at the same time and location. C1 [Green, Melissa A.; Rowley, Clarence W.; Smits, Alexander J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magreen17@gmail.com RI Rowley, Clarence/F-9068-2013; Smits, Alexander/B-4083-2016; OI Smits, Alexander/0000-0002-3883-8648; Green, Melissa/0000-0002-2612-5528 FU NIH CNRS [1R01NS054271]; ONR [N00014-08-1-0642] FX This work is funded by NIH CNRS (Grant No. 1R01NS054271) and ONR MURI (Grant No. ONR N00014-08-1-0642). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 AR 017510 DI 10.1063/1.3270045 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 577GV UT WOS:000276211400045 PM 20370300 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KM Riccio, AI Saldua, NS Cassidy, J AF Kuhn, Kevin M. Riccio, Anthony I. Saldua, Nelson S. Cassidy, Jeffrey TI Acetabular Retroversion in Military Recruits with Femoral Neck Stress Fractures SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT; PELVIC RADIOGRAPHS; FATIGUE FRACTURES; HIP; OSTEOARTHRITIS; DYSPLASIA; VERSION AB Acetabular retroversion (AR) alters load distribution across the hip and is more prevalent in pathologic conditions involving the hip. We hypothesized the abnormal orientation and mechanical changes may predispose certain individuals to stress injuries of the femoral neck. We retrospectively reviewed the anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs of 54 patients (108 hips) treated for a femoral neck stress fracture (FNSF) and compared these radiographs with those for a control group of patients with normal pelvic radiographs. We determined presence of a crossover sign (COS), femoral neck abnormalities, and neck shaft angle. The prevalence of a positive COS was greater in patients with stress fractures than in the control subjects (31 of 54 [57%] versus 17 of 54 [31%], respectively) and higher than for control subjects reported in the literature. Thirteen patients had radiographic changes of the femoral neck consistent with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). These radiographic abnormalities were seen more commonly in retroverted hips. A greater incidence of AR was noted in patients with FNSF. Potential implications include more aggressive screening of military recruits with AR and the new onset of hip pain. Finally, we present an algorithm we use to diagnose and treat these relatively rare FNSFs. C1 [Riccio, Anthony I.; Saldua, Nelson S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Cassidy, Jeffrey] Helen DeVos Childrens Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Kuhn, Kevin M.] Naval Hosp Guam, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Agana Hts, Guatemala. RP Riccio, AI (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM anthony.riccio@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 468 IS 3 BP 846 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s11999-009-0969-5 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 558HM UT WOS:000274731700027 PM 19588210 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Flores, F Luzmore, P AF Denning, Peter J. Flores, Fernando Luzmore, Peter TI The Profession of IT Orchestrating Coordination in Pluralistic Networks SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Super, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; contactoflores@gmail.com; peter@Luzmore.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD MAR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1145/1666420.1666434 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 563VJ UT WOS:000275162900019 ER PT J AU Karpenko, M Sepehri, N AF Karpenko, Mark Sepehri, Nariman TI On quantitative feedback design for robust position control of hydraulic actuators SO CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic actuators; Robust control; Dynamic uncertainty; Linear time-invariant equivalent modeling; Quantitative feedback theory ID FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL; FORCE CONTROL; TEST RIG; SYSTEMS; LINEARIZATION AB This paper discusses several practical issues related to the design of robust position controllers for hydraulic actuators by quantitative feedback theory (QFT). Important properties of the hydraulic actuator behavior, for control system design, are identified by calculating a family of equivalent frequency responses from acceptable nonlinear input-output data. The role of this modeling approach towards reducing over-design by decreasing the sizes of the QFT plant templates is described. The relationship between the geometry of the QFT bounds and the complexity of the robust feedback law is examined through the development of two low-order controllers having characteristics suitable for different applications. Experimental test results demonstrate the extent that each QFT controller is able to maintain robustness against variations in the hydraulic system dynamics that occur due to changing load conditions as well as uncertainties in the hydraulic supply pressure, valve spool gain, and actuator damping. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sepehri, Nariman] Univ Manitoba, Fluid Power Res Lab, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. [Karpenko, Mark] USN, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sepehri, N (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Fluid Power Res Lab, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada. EM nariman@cc.umanitoba.ca NR 25 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0661 EI 1873-6939 J9 CONTROL ENG PRACT JI Control Eng. Practice PD MAR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.11.007 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 576HB UT WOS:000276134000008 ER PT J AU Ahn, J Ko, G Kim, J Mastro, MA Hite, J Eddy, CR AF Ahn, Jaehui Ko, Geunwoo Kim, Jihyun Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Controlled fabrication of gallium nitride nano- and micro-wires by dielectrophoretic force and torque SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GaN; Nanowire; Electric field; Alignment ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; ARRAYS; GAN; CRYSTALS; DEVICES AB This paper demonstrates the manipulation of neutral dielectric wires with high aspect ratio by a pulsed electric field. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) force and torque were employed to align the randomly positioned GaN nano- and rnicro-wires. A simulation of the DEP force alignment process confirmed the experimentally observed dependence on alignment yield to frequency and bias of the electric field. Current-voltage measurements of the GaN rnicro-wires, aligned by DEP force and torque to pre-patterned metal contacts, confirms that the direct manipulation of micro-sized wire with an electric field oscillated at a frequency of 10 kHz-5 MHz. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahn, Jaehui; Ko, Geunwoo; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research-Global [N62909-09-1-4060] FX The research at Korea University was supported by BK21 program. Research at the US Naval Research Lab is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and Office of Naval Research-Global (Grant Number N62909-09-1-4060). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 703 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2009.09.004 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 526HQ UT WOS:000272279000063 ER PT J AU Porter, CK Riddle, MS Tribble, DR Putnam, SD Rockabrand, DM Frenck, RW Rozmajzl, P Kilbane, E Fox, A Ruck, R Lim, M Johnston, J Murphy, E Sanders, JW AF Porter, Chad K. Riddle, Mark S. Tribble, David R. Putnam, Shannon D. Rockabrand, David M. Frenck, Robert W. Rozmajzl, Patrick Kilbane, Edward Fox, Ann Ruck, Richard Lim, Matthew Johnston, James Murphy, Emmett Sanders, John W. TI The epidemiology of travelers' diarrhea in Incirlik, Turkey: a region with a predominance of heat-stabile toxin producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Enteric disease; Travelers' diarrhea ID STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ENDURING FREEDOM; COLONIZATION FACTORS; US MILITARY; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DESERT-SHIELD AB This study evaluated travelers' diarrhea among US military personnel on short-term deployment to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, from June through September 2002. Upon reporting for care for travelers' diarrhea, subjects were enrolled into the study and completed a series of questionnaires and provided stool specimens for pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Fifty-three percent of the 202 participating subjects had a pathogen isolated from their stool. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt (ETEC) was the predominant pathogen (41%), followed by Campylobacter spp. (12%). The most common ETEC phenotype recovered was stable toxin (ST) CS6 (47% of all ETEC). Most (91.1%) of the cases presented with water diarrhea regardless of isolated pathogen. However, there were some differences in nongastrointestinal symptoms among subjects with Campylobacter spp. All illnesses were well managed with antibiotics with or without loperamide with a median time to the last unformed stool of 9 h (interquartile range, 1-32 h). We found no food or environmental factors associated with a differential risk of infection with a specific pathogen. Travelers' diarrhea among a US military population in and around Incirlik, Turkey, can commonly be attributed to ETEC and Campylobacter spp. The high proportion of ST-only-producing CS6 ETEC in this region highlights the pathogen's worldwide diversity. Future studies of travelers' diarrhea in this population should adapt more novel microbiologic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and enhanced culture methods to increase the likelihood of identifying pathogenic E. coli. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Porter, Chad K.] USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Frenck, Robert W.; Rozmajzl, Patrick; Kilbane, Edward; Johnston, James; Sanders, John W.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Murphy, Emmett] Natl Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Porter, CK (reprint author), USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chad.porter@med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 FU [A20019_02_NM] FX The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. This work was funded by work unit number A20019_02_NM. The authors are employees of the US Government. This work was prepared as part of the author's official duties. Title 12 USC 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government". Title 17 USC 101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 66 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.10.002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 594YJ UT WOS:000277577000002 PM 19903582 ER PT J AU Fernando, BPW Sritharan, SS Xu, M AF Fernando, B. P. W. Sritharan, S. S. Xu, M. TI A SIMPLE PROOF OF GLOBAL SOLVABILITY OF 2-D NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN UNBOUNDED DOMAINS SO DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we provide an elementary proof of the classical result of IL. Lions and G. Prodi on the global unique solvability of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations that avoids compact embedding and strong convergence. The method applies to unbounded domains without special treatment. The essential idea is to utilize the local monotonicity of the sum of the Stokes operator and the inertia term. This method was first discovered in the context of stochastic Navier-Stokes equations by J.L. Menaldi and S.S. Sritharan. C1 [Fernando, B. P. W.; Xu, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sritharan, S. S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fernando, BPW (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Math, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X FU Army Research Probability and Statistics Program [DODARMY41712] FX This work has been supported by the Army Research Probability and Statistics Program through the grant DODARMY41712 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KHAYYAM PUBL CO INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 429, ATHENS, OH 45701 USA SN 0893-4983 J9 DIFFER INTEGRAL EQU JI Differ. Integral Equ. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 235 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 683RO UT WOS:000284493100002 ER PT J AU Vilcarromero, S Aguilar, PV Halsey, ES Laguna-Torres, VA Razuri, H Perez, J Valderrama, Y Gotuzzo, E Suarez, L Cespedes, M Kochel, TJ AF Vilcarromero, Stalin Aguilar, Patricia V. Halsey, Eric S. Alberto Laguna-Torres, V. Razuri, Hugo Perez, Juan Valderrama, Yadira Gotuzzo, Eduardo Suarez, Luis Cespedes, Manuel Kochel, Tadeusz J. TI Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and 2 Human Deaths, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; VIRUS; PANAMA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IDENTIFICATION; COLOMBIA; REGION AB Studies have suggested that enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) subtype ID in the Amazon region, Peru, may be less pathogenic to humans than are epizootic variants. Deaths of 2 persons with evidence of acute VEE virus infection indicate that fatal VEEV infection in Peru is likely. Cases may remain underreported. C1 [Vilcarromero, Stalin; Aguilar, Patricia V.; Halsey, Eric S.; Alberto Laguna-Torres, V.; Razuri, Hugo; Perez, Juan; Kochel, Tadeusz J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. [Vilcarromero, Stalin; Gotuzzo, Eduardo] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. [Valderrama, Yadira] Hosp Apoyo Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. [Suarez, Luis] Direcc Gen Epidemiol, Lima, Peru. [Cespedes, Manuel] Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. [Vilcarromero, Stalin] Peruvian Minist Hlth, NMRCD, Surveillance & Etiol Febrile Acute Dis Peru Proje, Lima, Peru. RP Kochel, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, 3230 Lima Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM tad.kochel@med.navy.mil RI Razuri, Hugo/C-1542-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Razuri, Hugo/0000-0003-4571-5520; Vilcarromero, Stalin/0000-0002-9097-0638 FU US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX This study was funded by the US Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, Work Unit no. 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. The study protocol for Surveillance and Etiology of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Peru was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board (protocol NMRCD.2000.0006) in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection Of human Subjects. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.3201/eid1603.090970 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 566WR UT WOS:000275404700036 PM 20202445 ER PT J AU Graham, SM AF Graham, S. M. TI Validation of Enhanced Normalization as an improvement over the Normalization and Compliance Ratio methods SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic fracture; Ductile fracture; R-curve; Normalization ID FRACTURE SPECIMENS; CURVES AB Fracture toughness testing of ductile materials can be difficult in situations where it is not possible to measure crack extension during the test. The Normalization method is typically used to infer crack extension and generate the tearing resistance curve. Evidence is provided that the Normalization method can produce elevated tearing resistance curves for some alloys. An Enhanced Normalization method is proposed that builds on the good features of Normalization and addresses its shortcomings. Experimental validation of this new approach is presented for an A336 steel forging and an HY-100 weld, and results are compared with current methods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM smgraham@usna.edu FU Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) FX Testing described in this report was performed by the Metals Division of the Survivability, Structures and Materials Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD). This work was funded by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 77 IS 5 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.12.010 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 583LQ UT WOS:000276677800007 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Hibpshman, RE AF Stevenson, Duane E. Hibpshman, Richard E. TI Distribution and food habits of two similar species of Bothrocara (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) in the eastern Bering Sea SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Eelpout; Stomach contents; Length frequency; Alaska; Zoarcidae; Bering Sea ID FISHES AB Six of the eight currently recognized species of the zoarcid genus Bothrocara are known from the eastern Bering Sea. Two of these species, B. brunneum and B. zestum, are widespread and commonly encountered on the upper continental slope, although B. zestum was not widely recognized as a distinct species in the region until 2004. During the summers of 2004 and 2008, large-scale bottom trawl surveys were conducted along the upper continental slope of the eastern Bering Sea from Bering Canyon to the U.S.-Russian border. Over the course of these surveys, distribution, relative abundance, length frequency, length-weight, and stomach contents information was collected for B. brunneum and B. zestum. Data collected on the surveys indicate that these two species have broadly overlapping geographic and bathymetric distributions in the region, but that their population numbers are substantially different. Length-weight regressions show that although these two species reach approximately the same maximum length, B. brunneum is substantially heavier than B. zestum at all lengths over about 40 cm. Stomach contents analysis indicates that the diet of B. brunneum consists primarily of various species of shrimps and mysids, while B. zestum is primarily piscivorous, consuming primarily bathylagids and other zoarcids. Therefore, despite their general morphological similarity, these two species function very differently in the eastern Bering Sea benthic ecosystem. C1 [Stevenson, Duane E.] USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hibpshman, Richard E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9594-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 557FT UT WOS:000274655700013 ER PT J AU Bluman, EM Ficke, JR Covey, DC AF Bluman, Eric M. Ficke, James R. Covey, Dana C. TI War Wounds of the Foot and Ankle: Causes, Characteristics, and Initial Management SO FOOT AND ANKLE CLINICS LA English DT Article DE Battlefield injuries; Explosive weaponry; Lower extremity injuries; Negative pressure wound therapy ID RED-CROSS; TRAUMATIC AMPUTATION; LEAD-INTOXICATION; BLAST INJURIES; TECHNIQUE TIP; BALLISTICS; CLASSIFICATION; RESUSCITATION; EXPLOSIONS; TERRORISM AB There are many challenges inherent in caring for battlefield injuries to the foot and ankle. Optimal treatment for these injuries continues to change overtime. Newer techniques in the management of massive soft tissue and bony wounds will help to restore the best possible function. These include early damage control surgery, modern limb salvage techniques, and SAWD. The current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan will continue to provide a stimulus for advances in the treatment of high-energy, complex musculoskeletal trauma. C1 [Bluman, Eric M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Foot & Ankle Serv, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bluman, Eric M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Ficke, James R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Covey, Dana C.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bluman, EM (reprint author), Brigham Foot & Ankle Ctr Faulkner, 1153 Ctr St,Suite 56, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM ebluman@partners.org NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1083-7515 J9 FOOT ANKLE CLIN JI Foot Ankle Clin. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fcl.2009.11.004 PG 21 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 745TK UT WOS:000289189200002 PM 20189114 ER PT J AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, Alan TI Methods of Hyperspectral Detection Based on a Single Signature Sample SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Detection; hyperspectral; signature; subspace AB Accurate radiance spectra of manmade materials are rarely available to remote sensing detection algorithms. Even when known instances of a material spectrum are available from a prior image, some form of signature adjustment is usually required by altered environmental conditions, if a useful signature is to be created. The translation of a reflectivity spectrum into the radiance space in which a remote sensing system operates presents an even more difficult problem. Here, two methods are described for exploiting prior signatures. First, a physics-informed statistical method for evolving in-scene signatures over time is derived. Second, a detection method is developed by growing a reflectance signature into an affine radiance subspace that is meant to capture prediction uncertainty. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schaum@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2038131 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 559BS UT WOS:000274795400002 ER PT J AU Reck, JN Hu, KF Li, SH Weng, HX Beetner, DG O'Keefe, MJ Ramsay, DS Drewniak, JL AF Reck, James N. Hu, Kuifeng Li, Shaohua Weng, Haixiao Beetner, Daryl G. O'Keefe, Matthew J. Ramsay, Darlene S. Drewniak, James L. TI Fabrication of Two-Layer Thin-Film Magnetic-Field Microprobes on Freestanding SU-8 Photoepoxy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic microprobe; integrated circuits (ICs); magnetic-field measurement; SU-8 photoepoxy AB Development and testing of a two-sided magnetic-field microprobe using freestanding SU-8 photoepoxy as the insulating material are presented. Sputter-deposited thin-film silver conductors, patterned using a modified lift-off technique, were used as the loop and shielding traces on opposite sides of the SU-8 dielectric. Removal of the patterned probes from a silicon-carrier substrate was done by wafer dicing individual probes and undercutting a sacrificial silicon dioxide layer on the wafer surface. Assembly of the probe was accomplished using gold wire and electrically conductive epoxy on a printed circuit platform. Test measurement results indicate that the magnetic field from each of the two 500-mu m-wide circuit traces separated by a 100-mu m spacing can be readily resolved. C1 [Reck, James N.] USN, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Hu, Kuifeng] Agilent Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Li, Shaohua] Brocade Commun Syst, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. [Weng, Haixiao] Texas Instruments Inc, Houston, TX 77063 USA. [Beetner, Daryl G.; O'Keefe, Matthew J.; Ramsay, Darlene S.; Drewniak, James L.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Reck, JN (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20376 USA. EM Kuifeng.hu@agilent.com; shaohual@brocade.com; haixiao.weng@ti.com; daryl@mst.edu; mjokeefe@mst.edu; ramsayd@mst.edu; drew-niak@mst.edu FU Intel Corporation FX Manuscript received December 18, 2008; revised July 6, 2009. First published September 29, 2009; current version published March 5, 2010. This work was supported in part by Dr. Kevin Slattery and Dr. Kai Wang of the Intel Corporation. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 EI 1558-2574 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2009.2033382 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 565NM UT WOS:000275300600004 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Ahlbin, JR Narasimham, B Ramachandran, V Dinkins, CA Pate, ND Bhuva, BL Schrimpf, RD Massengill, LW Shuler, RL McMorrow, D AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Ahlbin, Jonathan R. Narasimham, Balaji Ramachandran, Vishwanath Dinkins, C. A. Pate, N. D. Bhuva, Bharat L. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Massengill, Lloyd W. Shuler, Robert L. McMorrow, Dale TI Increased Single-Event Transient Pulsewidths in a 90-nm Bulk CMOS Technology Operating at Elevated Temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Ion radiation effects; single-event transient (SET); single-event upset; soft-error rate ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; PULSE-WIDTHS; PROPAGATION AB Combinational-logic soft errors are expected to be the dominant reliability issue for advanced technologies. One of the major factors affecting the soft-error rates is single-event transient ( SET) pulsewidths. The SET pulsewidths, which are controlled by drift, diffusion, and parasitic bipolar-transistor parameters, are a strong function of operating temperature. In this paper, heavy-ion induced SET pulsewidths are reported at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 100 degrees C, as measured with an autonomous SET capture circuit. Experimental and simulation results in a 90-nm bulk CMOS technology indicate an increase of as high as 37% in measured average SET pulsewidth with increasing operating temperature, with some pulses almost 2 ns long at higher temperatures. The increase in the SET pulsewidth can be explained by the dependence of parasitic bipolar-transistor characteristics on temperature. C1 [Gadlage, Matthew J.; Ahlbin, Jonathan R.; Ramachandran, Vishwanath; Dinkins, C. A.; Pate, N. D.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Massengill, Lloyd W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Narasimham, Balaji] Broadcom Inc, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Shuler, Robert L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM matthew.j.gadlage@vanderbilt.edu; jon.ahlbin@vanderbilt.edu; balajin@broadcom.com; vishwa.ramachandran@gmail.com; cody.a.dinkins@vanderbilt.edu; nicholas.d.pate@vanderbilt.edu; bharat.bhuva@Vanderbilt.Edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; lloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu; robert.l.shuler@nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU DTRA; AFOSR; NAVSEA Crane FX Manuscript received August 27, 2009; revised October 15, 2009. First published November 24, 2009; current version published March 5, 2010. This work was supported in part by DTRA, by the AFOSR through the MURI Program, and by NAVSEA Crane. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2009.2036719 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 565NM UT WOS:000275300600022 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG AF Ancona, Mario G. TI Electron Transport in Graphene From a Diffusion-Drift Perspective SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Diffusion drift (DD); field-effect transistors; graphene; multilayer ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; MOBILITY; BANDGAP AB A diffusion-drift treatment of electron and hole transport in macroscopic graphene is presented. The various material response functions that enter the theory are outlined and, to the extent possible, specified and calibrated. For purposes of illustration, the theory is applied to a variety of situations involving field-effect devices that are of potential technological interest. Both single and multilayer graphene are discussed, as is the effect of the small bandgaps that have been reported for graphene on SiC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Engn Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Engn Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received March 17, 2009; revised November 2, 2009. Current version published February 24, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor H. S. Momose. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1109/TED.2009.2038644 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 561QI UT WOS:000274993100019 ER PT J AU Rakvic, R Gonzalez, J Cai, Q Chaparro, P Magklis, G Gonzalez, A AF Rakvic, R. Gonzalez, J. Cai, Q. Chaparro, P. Magklis, G. Gonzalez, A. TI Energy efficiency via thread fusion and value reuse SO IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VALUE PREDICTION AB Energy consumption has become the dominant metric when it comes to designing high-performance simultaneous multi-threaded (SMT) microprocessors. The authors propose a fusion of threads to help reduce energy consumption for these future SMT microprocessors. Threads are fused by merging two dynamic instances of the same static instruction into a single instruction thereby reducing unnecessary redundant computation in the front-end of the processor. The result is that power consumption is reduced in the pipeline until the execution stage. The authors have performed full system simulation, and our simulation results show average energy reduction of 10% with little impact on performance (less than 1%). They also extend thread fusion by proposing mechanisms to reduce the number of register file accesses and functional unit activity by reusing computations when the input values of the two dynamic instances of a fused instruction are the same. Our experiments show 5% energy savings in the integer register file and 10% in the integer functional units using this technique. C1 [Rakvic, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gonzalez, J.; Cai, Q.; Chaparro, P.; Magklis, G.; Gonzalez, A.] UPC Intel Lab Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. RP Rakvic, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rakvic@usna.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8601 J9 IET COMPUT DIGIT TEC JI IET Comput. Digit. Tech. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1049/iet-cdt.2009.0040 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 570XL UT WOS:000275711700003 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI From "Porous" to "Ruthless" Conscription, 1776-1917 SO INDEPENDENT REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDEPENDENT INST PI OAKLAND PA 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 USA SN 1086-1653 J9 INDEP REV JI Indep. Rev. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 14 IS 4 BP 587 EP 598 PG 12 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 577XA UT WOS:000276256100007 ER PT J AU Wellehan, JFX Yu, FH Venn-Watson, SK Jensen, ED Smith, CR Farmerie, WG Nollens, HH AF Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Yu, Fahong Venn-Watson, Stephanie K. Jensen, Eric D. Smith, Cynthia R. Farmerie, William G. Nollens, Hendrik H. TI Characterization of San Miguel Sea Lion Virus populations using pyrosequencing-based methods SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE San Miguel Sea Lion Virus; Vesivirus; Quasispecies; Population structure; Evolution; Pyrosequencing ID FELINE CALICIVIRUS INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; VESICULAR DISEASE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRAL PARTICLES; CAPSID PROTEIN; GENE; DNA; CATS AB San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV) is a small RNA virus in the genus Vesivirus with an unusually broad host range. Three populations of SMSV were examined by PCR amplification of the capsid precursor and putative helicase genes, followed by pyrosequencing. The populations were nasal swabs from two SMSV infected California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from two different years, and a virus isolate from the earlier swab that was passaged in cell culture five times. In the capsid precursor, extensive deletions were prevalent in the passaged virus but uncommon in the clinical samples. A greater prevalence of point mutations was seen in the capsid precursor gene than in the putative helicase gene. In culture, the minority sequence in the capsid precursor at nucleotide position 5826 rapidly shifted after five passages to become the majority sequence. Levels of diversity at individual sites showed much more similarity between the two clinical samples than between the earlier clinical sample and the passaged culture from the same sample. SMSV appears to behave as a quasispecies. Assessment of original patient samples is preferable for understanding clinical SMSV populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.; Nollens, Hendrik H.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Anim Dis Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Yu, Fahong; Farmerie, William G.] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie K.; Smith, Cynthia R.] USN, Marine Mammal Program Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik H.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Wellehan, JFX (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Marine Anim Dis Lab, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM wellehanj@vetmed.ufl.edu OI Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0250] FX This work was funded by research grant No. N00014-06-1-0250 from the Office of Naval Research to H.N. All sample collection protocols were approved by the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC# C233). We would like to thank the staff of the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program for their help with sample collection. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.013 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 573PJ UT WOS:000275926400012 PM 19931646 ER PT J AU Cunningham, BM Alexander, PJ Candeub, A AF Cunningham, Brendan M. Alexander, Peter J. Candeub, Adam TI Network growth: Theory and evidence from the mobile telephone industry SO INFORMATION ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Technologies - Enabling Innovation and Economic Growth CY APR, 2008 CL Georgetown Ctr Business & Public Policy, Washington, DC HO Georgetown Ctr Business & Public Policy DE Telecommunications; Network pricing; Technological adoption; Interconnection ID COMPETITION; ACCESS AB Firms in mobile telephone markets place termination charges on one another for delivering calls to subscribers. We present a model of consumer and firm behavior in mobile markets in order to identify the role of termination charges in determining the market equilibrium. Our model predicts a "waterbed effect", that is, high termination rates will be associated with low subscription prices, if preferences are the primary source of variation in termination rates. If costs are the main driver of termination rates our model predicts a "tide" hypothesis in which high termination rates exist alongside high subscription prices. We test these and other predictions from our model using international data on mobile subscriptions per person. We find results which are broadly consistent with our model. More specifically, we find evidence that mobile termination rates are positive and significantly related to mobile phone adoption. This result is robust to the inclusion of a variety of other structural, institutional, demographic, and income controls. We also find that competition, internet subscriptions, and a free press are positively associated with mobile phone adoption while fixed termination rates and inequality slow the adoption of mobile technologies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cunningham, Brendan M.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Alexander, Peter J.] FCC, Washington, DC 20554 USA. [Candeub, Adam] Michigan State Univ, Coll Law, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cunningham, BM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bcunning@usna.edu; peter.alex-ander@gmail.com; candeub@law.msu.edu OI Alexander, Peter/0000-0002-4957-9012 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6245 J9 INF ECON POLICY JI Inf. Econ. Policy PD MAR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2009.11.005 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 570VW UT WOS:000275707400009 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD AF Lawenda, Brian D. TI Response to "Radiation Therapeutic Gain and Asian Botanicals," by Stephen Sagar SO INTEGRATIVE CANCER THERAPIES LA English DT Article DE radiomodifying; herbal medicine; antitumor; side effects; interactions ID APOPTOSIS; CELLS AB Numerous botanical agents, many of which are used in whole medical system practices (i.e. traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, etc.), have been shown to exhibit radiomodifying effects on tumors and normal tissues in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Some of these agents can enhance the therapeutic gain of radiation therapy by either acting as a radiosensitizer to tumor cells and/or as a radioprotector to normal cells. Botanical agents are comprised of multiple phytochemical compounds that may work individually or synergistically to not only improve radiation therapy outcomes, but may also exhibit a variety of anti-cancer effects as well. It will be important to evaluate these botanicals for efficacy, tumor specificity, and safety profiles before they can be recommended during radiation therapy. C1 [Lawenda, Brian D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM brian.lawenda@med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1534-7354 J9 INTEGR CANCER THER JI Integr. Cancer Ther. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1177/1534735410361476 PG 2 WC Oncology; Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Oncology; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 572SU UT WOS:000275854100003 PM 20308083 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, David S. TI NATO's evolving purposes and the next Strategic Concept SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Is there a conflict between the Alliance's original and enduring purpose of collective defence and its post-Cold War crisis management functions? This is an ill-framed debate, because the home base must be secure in order to support expeditionary power projection. The allies have, moreover, moved away from a static, reactive, and territorial concept of collective defence towards a more 'proactive' and 'anticipatory' approach. Some experts have even referred to a 'deterritorialization' of collective defence. Other issues also illustrate the changing dimensions of collective defence-missile defence, cyber warfare, space operations, the risk of state-sponsored terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction, political-military dynamics in the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region, and the risk of a non-Article 5 operation becoming a collective defence contingency. Despite disagreements on how to pursue shared goals, the allies may yet demonstrate that they have the vision and political will to meet the new challenges. The question of the Alliance's 'level of ambition' in capabilities is inseparable from that of its agreed purposes and burden-sharing to achieve them. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 86 IS 2 BP 489 EP + PG 35 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 567RZ UT WOS:000275465600010 ER PT J AU O'Connell, AB AF O'Connell, Aaron B. TI AMERICA'S ARMY Making the All Volunteer Force SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [O'Connell, Aaron B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Connell, AB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST INT AFFAIRS PI TORONTO PA 205 RICHMOND STREET WEST, STE 302, TORONTO, ONTARIO M5V 1V3, CANADA SN 0020-7020 J9 INT J JI Int. J. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 65 IS 2 BP 513 EP 515 PG 3 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 814NQ UT WOS:000294463400024 ER PT J AU Owen, G AF Owen, Guillermo TI Michael Maschler's bibliography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GAME THEORY LA English DT Bibliography C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Owen, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM GOwen@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0020-7276 J9 INT J GAME THEORY JI Int. J. Game Theory PD MAR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s00182-009-0214-1 PG 8 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 559UD UT WOS:000274852600023 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Sotelo, J AF Ortiz-Sotelo, Jorge TI Voyages: documents in American maritime history SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ortiz-Sotelo, Jorge] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ortiz-Sotelo, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1057-2414 J9 INT J NAUT ARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Naut. Archaeol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 552UO UT WOS:000274319300038 ER PT J AU Williams, MD Reeder, MF Maple, RC Solfelt, DA AF Williams, Michael D. Reeder, Mark F. Maple, Raymond C. Solfelt, Daniel A. TI Modeling, Simulation, and Flight Tests for a T-38 Talon with Wing Fences SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A computational study, a wind-tunnel analysis, and a flight test on the T-38 Talon demonstrated that approach-to-stall characteristics may be improved by the addition of a wing fence. Fences were placed at the location of a preexisting seam, at +/- 0.825 semispan, and were compared with the T-38 without fences. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were conducted using the computational fluid dynamics air vehicles unstructured solver to examine the flow around the T-38 at typical full-flap landing conditions (Re = 4.66 x 10(6) per unit length). Solutions were computed over a range of angles of attack from 2 to 15 deg. The fence was found to increase C(Lmax) by 7% and delay the attainment of C(Lmax) from a 12 to a 13 deg angle of attack. This effect was achieved through the formation of a discrete streamwise vortex outboard of the fence, which prevented flow separation in the tip region, which (in turn) delayed flow separation over the remainder of the wing, resulting in the higher computed lift. Wind-tunnel results, by and large, were based on aircraft instrumentation and flow visualization for Mach numbers up to 0.65 (Re(mac) similar to 10(7)). The flight-test data showed an increase in C(L), of approximately 2% in the angle-of-attack range of 12-14.5 deg when the wing fence was in place. Onboard accelerometer data suggest the fence reduced the roll-off tendency and the wing-rock amplitude during approaches to stall. Flow visualization on the aircraft wing in both the wind-tunnel study and the flight test suggested that the fence reduced spanwise and separated flow outboard the fence, which agreed with the computational fluid dynamics results. C1 [Williams, Michael D.; Reeder, Mark F.; Maple, Raymond C.; Solfelt, Daniel A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Solfelt, Daniel A.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), 419 Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.2514/1.46122 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300006 ER PT J AU Rogers, DF AF Rogers, David F. TI Flight Determination of Partial-Span-Flap Parasite Drag with Flap Deflection SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Level-flight performance tests were conducted on a typical light general aviation single-engine retractable aircraft with partially and fully extended partial-span single-slotted flaps in both gear-up and gear-extended configurations. A parabolic variation in the aircraft equivalent parasite drag area with flap deflection was observed for both configurations. A linear relation was discovered between the aircraft equivalent parasite drag area and the square of the flap deflection angle for both configurations. This result suggests that level-flight performance tests in the stowed and fully extended flap configurations will yield adequate data for estimating performance for intermediate flap deflections. A similar linear relation was confirmed for an NACA 23012 airfoil equipped with a single-slotted flat using classical NACA wind-tunnel data. The flight tests showed that the aircraft equivalent parasite drag area increased by a factor of 1.16 at 10, by 1.81 at 20 degrees, and by 3.14 at a full flap deflection of 32 degrees in the gear-up configuration. With the gear extended, the equivalent parasite drag area increased by a factor of 1.14 at 10 degrees, by 1.29 at 20 degrees, and by 1.67 at the 32 degrees full flap deflection. The results are expected to be typical For similar aircraft. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rogers, DF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dfr@nar-associates.com NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 2 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.2514/1.45654 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 581ZT UT WOS:000276565300019 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, Daniel M. TI Peruvians Dispersed: A Global Ethnography of Migration SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN ETHNIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Daniel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1325 S OAK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6903 USA SN 0278-5927 J9 J AM ETHNIC HIST JI J. Am. Ethn. Hist. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC Ethnic Studies; History SC Ethnic Studies; History GA 579KW UT WOS:000276370200012 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Thermodynamics of chromate replacements by various homologous transition metal oxyanions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chromate replacements; Oxyanions; Metalates; Thermodyamics; Corrosion ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; EFFECTIVE IONIC RADII; 12M HCL SOLUTION; CONVERSION COATINGS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; PASSIVE FILMS; CR-NB; XPS; MOLYBDATE; INHIBITION AB The free energy change is calculated for the interaction of 19 different oxyanions (metalates) with iron (steel) or aluminum surfaces. The oxyanions considered here are those of the transition metals in the fourth through sixth periods of the periodic table. The oxyanions which produce more negative values of Delta G (o) (per mole of oxyanion) than that of chromate (CrO(4) (-2)) are permanganate (MnO(4) (-)), nickelate (NiO(4) (-2)), ruthenate (RuO(4) (-) or RuO(4) (-2)), and rhodate (RhO(4) (-2)). The oxyanions which produce values of Delta G (o) (per mole of oxyanion) similar to CrO(4) (-2) are osmate (OsO(4) (-2)), and iridate (IrO(4) (-2)). C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s10800-009-0026-9 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 557RB UT WOS:000274686700009 ER PT J AU Montcalm-Smith, EA McCarron, RM Porter, WR Lillo, RS Thomas, JT Auker, CR AF Montcalm-Smith, E. A. McCarron, R. M. Porter, W. R. Lillo, R. S. Thomas, J. T. Auker, C. R. TI Acclimation to decompression sickness in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperbarics; diving; environmental stress ID COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; BUBBLE FORMATION; HEAT ACCLIMATION; CROSS-TOLERANCE; ILLNESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPOSURES; RABBITS; STRESS; INJURY AB Montcalm-Smith EA, McCarron RM, Porter WR, Lillo RS, Thomas JT, Auker CR. Acclimation to decompression sickness in rats. J Appl Physiol 108: 596-603, 2010. First published December 24, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00596.2009.-Protection against decompression sickness (DCS) by acclimation to hyperbaric decompression has been hypothesized but never proven. We exposed rats to acclimation dives followed by a stressful "test" dive to determine whether acclimation occurred. Experiments were divided into two phases. Phase 1 rats were exposed to daily acclimation dives of hyperbaric air for 30 min followed by rapid decompression on one of the following regimens: 70 ft of seawater (fsw) for 9 days (L70), 70 fsw for 4 days (S70), 40 fsw for 9 days (L40), 40 fsw for 4 days (S40), or unpressurized sham exposure for 9 days (Control). On the day following the last exposure, all were subjected to a "test" dive (175 fsw, 60 min, rapid decompression). Both L70 and S70 rats had significantly lower incidences of DCS than Control rats (36% and 41% vs. 62%, respectively). DCS incidences for the other regimens were lower than in Control rats but without statistical significance. Phase 2 used the most protective regimen from phase 1 (L70); rats were exposed to L70 or a similar regimen with a less stressful staged decompression. Another group was exposed to a single acclimation dive (70 fsw/30 min) on the day before the test dive. We observed a nonsignificant trend for the rapidly decompressed L70 dives to be more protective than staged decompression dives (44% vs. 51% DCS incidence). The single acclimation dive regimen did not provide protection. We conclude that protection against DCS can be attained with acclimating exposures that do not themselves cause DCS. The deeper acclimation dive regimens (70 fsw) provided the most protection. C1 [Montcalm-Smith, E. A.; McCarron, R. M.; Porter, W. R.; Thomas, J. T.; Auker, C. R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McCarron, R. M.; Auker, C. R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lillo, R. S.] Navy Expt Div Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Auker, CR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [602236N4122.A0301] FX This work was funded by Office of Naval Research Work Unit Number 602236N4122.A0301. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 BP 596 EP 603 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00596.2009 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 570JK UT WOS:000275670400022 PM 20035065 ER PT J AU Johnson, EC Ganio, MS Lee, EC Lopez, RM McDermott, BP Casa, DJ Maresh, CM Armstrong, LE AF Johnson, Evan C. Ganio, Matthew S. Lee, Elaine C. Lopez, Rebecca M. McDermott, Brendon P. Casa, Douglas J. Maresh, Carl M. Armstrong, Lawrence E. TI Perceptual Responses While Wearing an American Football Uniform in the Heat SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE rectal temperature; rating of perceived exertion; thermal perception; thirst perception; muscle pain perception ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; FLUID INTAKE; MUSCLE PAIN; EXERCISE; BALANCE; REHYDRATION; INTENSITY; EQUIPMENT; HUMANS AB Context: The protective equipment worn during American football has been shown to increase thermal strain; however, the perception of this increased heat has not been examined. Objective: To evaluate perceptual responses of American football players while wearing different uniforms during exercise in the heat and to evaluate how these responses may be used to monitor athlete safety. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Human Performance Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten men with more than 3 years of competitive experience as football linemen (age 23.8 +/- 1.3 years, height 183.9 +/- 1.8 cm, mass = 117.4 +/- 3.5 kg, body fat = 30.1% +/- 1.7%) participated. Intervention(s): On 3 occasions in hot, humid (33 degrees C, 48%-49% relative humidity) environmental conditions, participants completed 10 minutes of strenuous repetitive box lifting (RBL), 10 minutes of seated rest, and up to 60 minutes of treadmill walking. At each trial, they wore a different uniform condition: control (CON) clothing comprising shorts, socks, and sneakers; partial (PART) National Football League (NFL) uniform comprising the uniform without helmet or shoulder pads; or full (FULL) NFL uniform. Exercise, meals, and hydration status were controlled. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rectal temperature (T(re)), skin temperature (T(sk)), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal perception (THM), perception of thirst (TST), and perception of muscle pain (MPN) were obtained for time points matched across trials. Results: Nineteen of the 30 trials ended before 60 minutes of treadmill walking as a result of participant exhaustion. Mean treadmill time was longer for the CON condition (51.7 +/- 13.4 minutes) than for the PART (43.1 +/- 15.6 minutes; t(9) = 3.092, P = .01) or the FULL (36.2 +/- 13.2 minutes; t(9) = 4.393, P = .002) conditions. Neck and forearm T(sk) increased between the initial time point and the end of exercise in the PART (33.6 +/- 0.9 degrees C and 35.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C, respectively; F(2,18) = 9.034, P < .001) and the FULL (33.4 +/- 0.9 degrees C and 35.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C, respectively; F(2,18) = 21.011, P = .002) conditions. Rate of Tre rise was greater in the FULL (0.042 +/- 0.010 degrees C/min) than in the PART (0.034 +/- 0.006 degrees C/min) condition (F(2,27) = 10.69, P =.04). We found a relationship at the post-RBL and final time points between RPE and THM (r = 0.75, P < .001 and r = 0.59, P < .001, respectively), RPE and TST, (r = 0.76, P < .001 and r = 0.61, P < .001, respectively), and RPE and MPN (r = 0.63, P < .001 and r = 0.64, P < .001, respectively). The RPE was greater at the end of exercise in the PART (17 +/- 2) and FULL (18 +/- 1) conditions than in the CON (15 +/- 3) condition (F(2,18) 7.403, P = .005). Conclusions: Although no differences in perceptual scales existed between the PART and FULL conditions, the Tsk and rate of Tre increase differed, indicating that football athletes find it difficult to perceptually rate exercise conditions as potentially dangerous hyperthermia develops. In addition, correlations between the perceptual scales further defined perceptual responses during exercise in the heat. C1 [Johnson, Evan C.; Ganio, Matthew S.; Lee, Elaine C.; Lopez, Rebecca M.; McDermott, Brendon P.; Casa, Douglas J.; Maresh, Carl M.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Storrs, CT USA. RP Johnson, EC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Bldg 328,Room 207 C,140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Evan.Johnson@med.navy.mil FU Waite; Schneider; Bayless; Chesley (Cincinnati, OH) FX This investigation was funded in part by Waite, Schneider, Bayless & Chesley (Cincinnati, OH). NR 35 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.4085/1062-6050-45.2.107 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 573PS UT WOS:000275927300002 PM 20210614 ER PT J AU Helber, RW Shriver, JF Barron, CN Smedstad, OM AF Helber, Robert W. Shriver, Jay F. Barron, Charlie N. Smedstad, Ole Martin TI Evaluating the Impact of the Number of Satellite Altimeters Used in an Assimilative Ocean Prediction System SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT; MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; GLOBAL OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; BUOY AB The impact of the number of satellite altimeters providing sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) information for a data assimilation system is evaluated using two comparison frameworks and two statistical methodologies. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) dynamically interpolates satellite SSHA track data measured from space to produce high-resolution (eddy resolving) fields. The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) uses the NLOM SSHA to produce synthetic three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity over the global ocean. A series of case studies is defined where NLOM assimilates different combinations of data streams from zero to three altimeters. The resulting NLOM SSHA fields and the MODAS synthetic profiles are evaluated relative to independently observed ocean temperature and salinity profiles for the years 2001-03. The NLOM SSHA values are compared with the difference of the observed dynamic height from the climatological dynamic height. The synthetics are compared with observations using a measure of thermocline depth. Comparisons are done point for point and for 1 degrees radius regions that are linearly fit over 2-month periods. To evaluate the impact of data outliers, statistical evaluations are done with traditional Gaussian statistics and also with robust nonparametric statistics. Significant error reduction is obtained, particularly in high SSHA variability regions, by including at least one altimeter. Given the limitation of these methods, the overall differences between one and three altimeters are significant only in bias. Data outliers increase Gaussian statistical error and error uncertainty compared to the same computations using nonparametric statistical methods. C1 [Helber, Robert W.; Shriver, Jay F.; Barron, Charlie N.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ N Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM robert.helber@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Office of Naval Research [602345N] FX This publication is a contribution to the Assessing UUV Sampling Strategies with Observation System Simulation Experiments project supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 602345N. We thank the National Oceanographic Data Center and T. Boyer for assistance with the World Ocean Database 2005 data, K. Grembowicz of the Naval Oceanographic Office for assistance with the U. S. Navy's Master Oceanographic Observational Data Set, and J. Dastugue for skillful rendering of figures. Finally, we appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers and discussion with J. Cummings and G. Jacobs of the Naval Research Laboratory that have led to important improvements to this manuscript. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 528 EP 546 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO683.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569DX UT WOS:000275577600008 ER PT J AU Hei, MA Valladares, CE AF Hei, Matthew A. Valladares, Cesar E. TI The November 2004 superstorm: Comparison of low-latitude TEC observations with LLIONS model results SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EIA; CPZ; Superstorm; Superfountain; GPS; TEC ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; THERMOSPHERE; DISTURBANCES; O/N-2; WIND AB We investigate the effects of penetration electric fields, meridional thermospheric neutral winds, and composition perturbation zones (CPZs) on the distribution of low-latitude plasma during the 7-11 November 2004 geomagnetic superstorm. The impact on low-latitude plasma was assessed using total electron content (TEC) measurements from a latitudinally distributed array of ground-based GPS receivers in South America. Jicamarca Radio Observatory incoherent scatter radar measurements of vertical E x B drift are used in combination with the Low-Latitude IONospheric Sector (LLIONS) model to examine how penetration electric fields and meridional neutral winds shape low-latitude TEC. It is found that superfountain conditions pertain between similar to 1900 and 2100 UT on 9 November, creating enhanced equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at +/- 20 degrees geomagnetic latitude. Large-amplitude and/or long-duration changes in the electric field were found to produce significant changes in EIA plasma density and latitudinal location, with a delay time of similar to 2-2.5h. Superfountain drifts were primarily responsible for EIA TEC levels; meridional winds were needed only to create hemispherical crest TEC asymmetries. The [O/N-2] density ratio (derived from the GUVI instrument, flown on the TIMED satellite) and measurements of total atmospheric density (from the GRACE satellites), combined with TEC measurements, yield information regarding a likely CPZ that appeared on 10 November, suppressing TEC for over 16 h. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hei, Matthew A.; Valladares, Cesar E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Hei, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6754,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hei@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; valladar@bc.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0521487]; Air Force Research Laboratory through AFOSR [2311 AS] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF grant #0521487). The work at Boston College was partially supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through AFOSR task 2311 AS. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Vince Eccles of the Space Environment Corporation for making the LLIONS model available. The authors are also grateful to the TIMED/GUVI and GRACE teams for making available their data sets. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 72 IS 4 SI SI BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.03.025 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 570NK UT WOS:000275684800009 ER PT J AU Wang, B Wu, ZW Chang, CP Liu, J Li, JP Zhou, TJ AF Wang, Bin Wu, Zhiwei Chang, Chih-Pei Liu, Jian Li, Jianping Zhou, Tianjun TI Another Look at Interannual-to-Interdecadal Variations of the East Asian Winter Monsoon: The Northern and Southern Temperature Modes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; COLD SURGES; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; INDEX; ENSO; TELECONNECTION AB This study investigates the causes of interannual-to-interdecadal variability of the East Asian (EA; 0 degrees-60 degrees N, 100 degrees-140 degrees E) winter monsoon (EAWM) over the past 50 yr (1957-2006). The winter mean surface air temperature variations are dominated by two distinct principal modes that together account for 74% of the total temperature variance. The two modes have notably different circulation structures and sources of variability. The northern mode, characterized by a westward shift of the EA major trough and enhanced surface pressure over central Siberia, represents a cold winter in the northern EA resulting from cold-air intrusion from central Siberia. The southern mode, on the other hand, features a deepening EA trough and increased surface pressure over Mongolia, representing a cold winter south of 40 degrees N resulting from cold-air intrusion from western Mongolia. The cold northern mode is preceded by excessive autumn snow covers over southern Siberia-Mongolia, whereas the cold southern mode is preceded by development of La Nina episodes and reduced snow covers over northeast Siberia. These remarkably different spatiotemporal structures and origins are primarily associated with interannual variations. On the decadal or longer time scale their structures are somewhat similar and are preceded by similar autumn sea surface temperature anomalies over the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean. The two modes found for the EA region also represent the winter temperature variability over the entire Asian continent. Thus, study of the predictability of the two modes may shed light on understanding the predictable dynamics of the Asian winter monsoon. C1 [Wang, Bin; Wu, Zhiwei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin; Wu, Zhiwei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wu, Zhiwei; Li, Jianping; Zhou, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chang, Chih-Pei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chang, Chih-Pei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Liu, Jian] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Post 401,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wangbin@hawaii.edu RI ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012 OI ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279 FU IPRC; FRCGC/JAMSTEC; NASA; NOAA; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40672210, 40871007, 40821092]; Special Research Program for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China [GYHY200906016]; National Basic Research Program "973'' [2006CB403600]; National Taiwan University; National Science Council [NSC97-2111-M-002-017-MY3] FX The first two authors are supported by IPRC, which is in part sponsored by FRCGC/JAMSTEC, NASA, and NOAA. Jian Liu and Bin Wang acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 40672210 and 40871007). Zhiwei Wu, Jianping Li, and Tianjun Zhou acknowledge the support of the Special Research Program for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China (Grant GYHY200906016), the National Basic Research Program "973'' (Grant 2006CB403600), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40821092). C.-P. Chang acknowledges the support from the National Taiwan University, which is provided in part by National Science Council Grant NSC97-2111-M-002-017-MY3. NR 60 TC 79 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1512 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3243.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572KH UT WOS:000275830100014 ER PT J AU Seah, SGK Lim, EAS Kok-Yong, S Liaw, JCW Lee, V Kammerer, P Metzgar, D Russell, KL Tan, BH AF Seah, Shirley Gek-Kheng Lim, Elizabeth Ai-Sim Kok-Yong, Seng Liaw, Jasper Chin-Wen Lee, Vernon Kammerer, Peter Metzgar, David Russell, Kevin L. Tan, Boon-Huan TI Viral agents responsible for febrile respiratory illnesses among military recruits training in tropical Singapore SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Singapore military; Tropical; Influenza A and B viruses; Febrile respiratory illness; Recruits ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEALTHY-YOUNG ADULTS; INFLUENZA-A; PCR ASSAY; ADENOVIRUS; DISEASE; VIRUS; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE AB Background: Military personnel are highly susceptible to febrile respiratory illnesses (FRI), likely due to crowding, stress and other risk factors present in the military environment. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the viral etiological agents responsible for FRI among military recruits training in a tropical climate in Singapore. Study design: From March 2006 through April 2007, a total of 1354 oropharyngeal (throat) swabs were collected from military recruits who reported sick with an oral temperature of >= 38 degrees C and a cough and/or sore throat. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assay for the presence of influenza A and B viruses and adenoviruses (H-AdV), and conventional PCR used for the remaining respiratory viruses in all specimens. Results: Influenza A virus was the dominant infection with a laboratory-confirmed incidence of 24% (326/1354) and a predominance of the H3N2 subtype. The temporal pattern for influenza A virus infections coincided with the nation-wide pattern in the civilian community. Detection rates of 12% (159/1354) and 2.7% (5/1354) were obtained for influenza B virus and other respiratory viruses, respectively. Conclusions: The laboratory findings identified influenza A virus as the primary causative viral agent for FRI in the Singapore military, in strong contrast to findings from temperate countries and countries where recruits are often vaccinated for influenza. Our results suggest that influenza vaccination should be considered as a requirement to reduce the incidence of influenza infections. This is the first report describing respiratory infections in a tropical military setting, in a developed country in Asia. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seah, Shirley Gek-Kheng; Lim, Elizabeth Ai-Sim; Kok-Yong, Seng; Liaw, Jasper Chin-Wen; Tan, Boon-Huan] DSO Natl Labs, Detect & Diagnost Lab, Singapore 117510, Singapore. [Lee, Vernon] Singapore Armed Forces, Biodef Ctr, Headquarters Med Corps, Singapore, Singapore. [Kammerer, Peter; Metzgar, David; Russell, Kevin L.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Resp Dis Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tan, BH (reprint author), DSO Natl Labs, Detect & Diagnost Lab, 13-00,27 Med Dr,DSO Kent Ridge Bldg, Singapore 117510, Singapore. EM tboonhua@dso.org.sg RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU Ministry of Defence, Singapore FX This research is funded by Ministry of Defence, Singapore. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.12.011 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 559XI UT WOS:000274862700020 PM 20079688 ER PT J AU Blair, EP Yost, E Lent, CS AF Blair, Enrique P. Yost, Eric Lent, Craig S. TI Power dissipation in clocking wires for clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Quantum-dot cellular automata; QCA; Clocked molecular QCA; Clocking wires; Power dissipation AB In the molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) paradigm clocking wires are used to produce an electric field which is perpendicular to the device plane of surface-bound molecules and is sinusoidally modulated in space and time. This clocking field guides the data flow through the molecular QCA array. Power is dissipated in clocking wires due to the non-zero resistance of the conductors. We analyze quantitatively the amount of power dissipated in the clocking wires and find that in the relevant parameter range it is fairly small. Dissipation in the molecular devices themselves will likely dominate the energy budget. C1 [Blair, Enrique P.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Yost, Eric; Lent, Craig S.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Blair, EP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM epblair@gmail.com; lent@nd.edu OI Blair, Enrique/0000-0001-5872-4819 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1569-8025 J9 J COMPUT ELECTRON JI J. Comput. Electron. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10825-009-0304-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V21VX UT WOS:000208236200006 ER PT J AU Baer, W AF Baer, Wolfgang TI Introduction to the Physics of Consciousness SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Consciousness; Reality Models; Process Ontology; Process Reality; Epistemology; Panpsychism; Ernest Mach AB The 'Hard Problem' of consciousness and its 'Explanatory Gap' can only be explained if we develop a physical theory which recognizes the Universe as a cognitive being and is based upon a fundamental process that transforms mind into body and back again. The physical requirements needed to realize such a transformation cycle are investigated and an explicit implementation of the consciousness process is presented. This implementation consists of an integrated mind-body activity that explains mental experiences with a model of the activity itself Such a self-referential loop is shown to be both a fundamental physical process and a container of primitive self-awareness from which complex experiences can be built. Explaining consciousness requires an expansion of current physical theories. To develop this expansion I will first associate the components of the consciousness process with individual operations occurring in the architecture of quantum theory. This will provide explicit mathematical equations required to describe conscious phenomena and show their limits. Because quantum equations apply to the content of space, but not to the sensation of space itself they can only represent an approximate description of the consciousness process and are hence incomplete. I will, therefore, go on to discuss the approximations which limit quantum theory from providing a complete explanation of consciousness and suggest the metaphysical underpinnings required to expand quantum physics into a more complete description of reality. Lastly, I will discuss the implications of a reality model in which all parts of the universe, including the reader, are fundamentally self-measurement processes and the sensation of space is not that of an a priori container, but rather a 'what it feels like' to be a time-stable event. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93924 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93924 USA. EM Baer@nps.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 191 PG 27 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 582TD UT WOS:000276620900009 ER PT J AU Colsant, B Sams, R Paden, S AF Colsant, Brian Sams, Richard Paden, Shelley TI Which history and physical findings are most useful in identifying rotator cuff tears? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Colsant, Brian; Sams, Richard] USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Paden, Shelley] Univ Cincinnati, Hlth Sci Lib, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Colsant, B (reprint author), USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 59 IS 3 BP 179 EP 181 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 796WT UT WOS:000293084900010 PM 20230738 ER PT J AU Ananth, R Farley, JP AF Ananth, Ramagopal Farley, John P. TI Suppression Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame with High Expansion Aqueous Foam SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aqueous foam; fire suppression; cup burner ID BEHAVIOR; AIR AB A time-dependent, moving boundary, multiphase Navier-Stokes model is developed to study the effects of aqueous foam with high air-to-water volume ratio (expansion ratio, Ex) on a jet diffusion flame. The flame is formed by combusting a steady flow of propane gas. Both the shape and velocity of the foam surface are affected by evaporation and injection rates, and are obtained by volume of fluid method. The evaporation at the advancing foam front releases water vapor as well as a significant amount of air into the flame. At low foam injection rates, simulations show that the flame spreads along the foam surface and is not extinguished. This is because the injection rate is comparable to the evaporation rate, which causes cooling but prevents the foam from advancing into the flame. However, at high foam injection rates, the simulations show that the flame lifts from the burner lip and the flame is reestablished above the rising foam surface due to the continued supply of the propane gas. Thus, the foam extinguishes the flame locally in its path by increased smothering as it rises towards the top of the burner. Both the smothering and evaporation effects are found to be important. C1 [Ananth, Ramagopal; Farley, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ananth, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramagopal.ananth@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work is supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the damage control program and through the Naval Research Laboratory base program. We thank Dr Frederick W. Williams for his insightful discussions and comments throughout this work. We also like to thank Drs Ronald Sheinson and James W. Fleming for valuable suggestions in the initial stages of this work. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 181 EP 208 DI 10.1177/0734904109341030 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 563YX UT WOS:000275178400004 ER PT J AU Kaminer, I Pascoal, A Xargay, E Hovakimyan, N Cao, CY Dobrokhodov, V AF Kaminer, Isaac Pascoal, Antonio Xargay, Enric Hovakimyan, Naira Cao, Chengyu Dobrokhodov, Vladimir TI Path Following for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using L(1) Adaptive Augmentation of Commercial Autopilots SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GUARANTEED TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE; TRACKING; SYSTEMS; CONTROLLER AB The paper presents a three-dimensional path-following control algorithm that expands the capabilities of conventional autopilots, which are normally designed to provide only guidance loops for waypoint navigation. Implementation of this algorithm broadens the range of possible applications of small unmanned aerial vehicles. The solution proposed takes explicit advantage of the fact that normally these vehicles are equipped with autopilots stabilizing the vehicles and providing angular-rate tracking capabilities. Therefore, the overall closed-loop system exhibits naturally an inner-outer (dynamics-kinematics) control loop structure. The outer-loop path-following control law developed relies on a nonlinear control strategy derived at the kinematic level, while the inner-loop consisting of the autopilot together with an L(1) adaptive augmentation loop is designed to meet strict performance requirements in the presence of unmanned aerial vehicle modeling uncertainty and environmental disturbances. A rigorous proof of stability and performance of the path-following closed-loop system, including the dynamics of the unmanned aerial vehicle with its autopilot, is given. The paper bridges the gap between theory and practice and includes results of extensive flight tests performed in Camp Roberts, California, which demonstrate the benefits of the framework adopted for the control system design. C1 [Kaminer, Isaac; Dobrokhodov, Vladimir] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. [Pascoal, Antonio] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Elect Engn, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. [Pascoal, Antonio] Inst Super Tecn, Inst Syst & Robot, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. [Xargay, Enric] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hovakimyan, Naira] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cao, Chengyu] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Kaminer, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. EM kaminer@nps.edu; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; xargay@illinois.edu; nhovakim@illinois.edu; ccao@engr.uconn.edu; vldobr@nps.edu RI Dobrokhodov, Vladimir/C-3443-2009; OI PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 FU United States Special Operations Command; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-WR-20287, N00014-05-1-0828]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Resarch [FA9550-08-1-0135]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0330]; NASA [NNX08BA64, NNX08BA65A]; European Commission [EU-FP6-IST-035223, EU-FP7-ICT-231378]; [MRTN-CT-2006-036186] FX Research is supported by the United States Special Operations Command under Tactical Network Training Grant, Office of Naval Research under Contracts N00014-08-WR-20287 and N00014-05-1-0828, U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Resarch under Contract No. FA9550-08-1-0135, U.S. Army Research Office under Contract No. W911NF-06-1-0330, NASA under Contracts NNX08BA64 and NNX08BA65A, and European Commission under Contracts EU-FP6-IST-035223 (GREX), EU-FP7-ICT-231378 (Cognitive Cooperative Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), and MRTN-CT-2006-036186 (FREESUBNET Training Network). NR 30 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 550 EP 564 DI 10.2514/1.42056 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 572BU UT WOS:000275802200022 ER PT J AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael Fahroo, Fariba TI Costate Computation by a Chebyshev Pseudospectral Method SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENCE; SYSTEMS C1 [Gong, Qi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM qigong@soe.ucsc.edu; imross@nps.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.2514/1.45154 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 572BU UT WOS:000275802200031 ER PT J AU Razzaque, S Smirnov, AY AF Razzaque, Soebur Smirnov, A. Yu. TI Flavor conversion of cosmic neutrinos from hidden jets SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Neutrino Physics; Electromagnetic Processes and Properties ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; TEV NEUTRINOS; FERMI OBSERVATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; MATTER; EXPLOSIONS; TELESCOPE AB High energy cosmic neutrino fluxes can be produced inside relativistic jets under the envelopes of collapsing stars. In the energy range E similar to (0.3-10(5)) GeV, flavor conversion of these neutrinos is modified by various matter effects inside the star and the Earth. We present a comprehensive (both analytic and numerical) description of the flavor conversion of these neutrinos which includes: (i) oscillations inside jets, (ii) flavor-to-mass state transitions in an envelope, (iii) loss of coherence on the way to observer, and (iv) oscillations of the mass states inside the Earth. We show that conversion has several new features which are not realized in other objects, in particular interference effects ("L- and H-wiggles") induced by the adiabaticity violation. The nu - nu scattering inside jet and inelastic neutrino interactions in the envelope may produce some additional features at E greater than or similar to 10(4) GeV. We study dependence of the probabilities and flavor ratios in the matter-affected region on angles theta(13) and theta(23), on the CP-phase delta, as well as on the initial flavor content and density profile of the star. We show that measurements of the energy dependence of the flavor ratios will, in principle, allow to determine independently the neutrino and astrophysical parameters. C1 [Razzaque, Soebur] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smirnov, A. Yu.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Smirnov, A. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Razzaque, S (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM srazzaque@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; smirnov@ictp.it NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 031 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)031 PG 59 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798202001 ER PT J AU McEwan, G Hofmeister, E Kubis, K Blade, K AF McEwan, Gavin Hofmeister, Elizabeth Kubis, Kenneth Blade, Kent TI Monocular Embolic Retinal Arteriolar Occlusions After Ipsilateral Intraoral Triamcinolone Injection SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID COMPLICATIONS C1 [McEwan, Gavin; Hofmeister, Elizabeth; Kubis, Kenneth; Blade, Kent] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McEwan, G (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM gavin.mcewan@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1070-8022 J9 J NEURO-OPHTHALMOL JI J. Neuro-Ophthal. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181ce8048 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 562OJ UT WOS:000275061500024 PM 20182219 ER PT J AU Yoon, MK Heider, D Gillespie, JW Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM AF Yoon, Myung Keun Heider, Dirk Gillespie, John W., Jr. Ratcliffe, Colin P. Crane, Roger M. TI Local Damage Detection with the Global Fitting Method Using Operating Deflection Shape Data SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE Vibration; Damage detection; Global fitting method; Operating deflection shapes; Curvature operating shapes; Composite structures ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; IDENTIFICATION; FREQUENCY; DELAMINATION; BEAM AB The present study extends the previous vibration based damage detection method (Yoon et al. in J. Nondestruct. Eval., 2008) by using Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) derived from experimental Frequency Response Function (FRF) data to detect the locations and extent of damage in steel beams, composite beams and plate-like structures. The present method requires to use FRF data obtained only from the damaged structure based on an assumption that the undamaged structure is homogeneous and smooth. The procedure uses the Global Fitting Method (GFM) that fits a smooth and analytic ODS to the measured ODS. Both the analytic and measured ODS are differentiated twice to yield the Curvature Operating Shapes (COS). The Structural Irregularity Index (SII) at each grid point on the structures is the difference between the analytic and measured COS. The procedure is repeated for each frequency in the FRF. Then, SII are averaged over the selected frequencies to obtain the frequency-averaged SII, which are statistically treated to locate damage. The present method is originally developed for one-dimensional (1D) beam models but can be extended further to any two-dimensional (2D) plate-like models by adding the results in the horizontal and/or vertical directions. The present method using experimental FRF successfully identified the locations and extents of the notches in steel beams, delaminations in the composite beams and plates, and dry spots in a composite hull structure. The present method is compared with different damage detection methods and showed improved performance in terms of detecting damage and computation cost. The present method also showed improved performances when ODS rather than mode shapes (MS) data are used. C1 [Yoon, Myung Keun] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Heider, Dirk] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gillespie, John W., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ratcliffe, Colin P.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Crane, Roger M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Yoon, MK (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM myung-keun.yoon@sdsmt.edu NR 16 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10921-010-0062-8 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 560LL UT WOS:000274904100003 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of Crosslinking on the Secondary Relaxation in Polyvinylethylene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cooperative effects; crosslinking; dielectric relaxation; glass transition; glassy polymers ID GLASS-FORMING MATERIALS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; EPOXY-RESINS; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS; TIME; POLYBUTADIENES; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of network formation on the secondary (Johari-Goldstein) beta-relaxation was investigated for polyvinyl-ethylene (PVE). Crosslinking affects the segmental (alpha-) process in the usual fashion, the networks exhibiting slower and more temperature-sensitive dynamics. However, the effect on the beta-process is the opposite. The secondary relaxation becomes faster and the activation energy slightly decreases with cross-linking. The strength of the intermolecular cooperativity governing the behavior of the alpha-process was assessed using the coupling model, with consistent results obtained from analysis of both the timescale separating the alpha- and beta-relaxations and the activation energy for the latter. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 582-587, 2010 C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riccardo.casalini@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Terry Hogan of Bridgestone Americas for synthesizing the polymer. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.1002/polb.21925 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 560XR UT WOS:000274939000011 ER PT J AU Pees, EH AF Pees, Edward H. TI A relationship between the far field diffraction pattern and the axial pressure radiating from a two-dimensional aperture SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR SPECTRUM APPROACH; SIMULATIONS; WAVES AB The diffraction of an acoustic wave by a two-dimensional aperture produces a sound field that can generally be represented at any point in space as a superposition of a continuum of plane waves. The mathematical formulation that facilitates this representation is known as the angular spectrum of plane waves method. The spectrum, in this representation, is a wavenumber spectrum obtained from a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the acoustic pressure (or velocity) distribution over the surface of the aperture boundary; a quantity which is also known to characterize the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the aperture. In this article, the angular spectrum method is used to formulate a mathematical relationship for two-dimensional apertures between the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern and a one-dimensional Fourier transform of the axial pressure. This relationship can be used to rapidly compute the axial pressure profile of the aperture if the boundary condition on the aperture is known and, in some cases, can be used as an inverse method. The approach is demonstrated for the cases of a flat circular piston and a flat rectangular piston undergoing harmonic motion in an infinite, rigid baffle. In the latter case, an analytical solution is also obtained. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3291685] C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Pees, EH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM edward.pees@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI FX The author would like to thank Peter Stepanishen of the University of Rhode Island for his invaluable technical feedback in the preparation of this paper. It would certainly be of lesser quality without the benefit of his extensive experience in this field. This work was supported by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1381 EP 1390 DI 10.1121/1.3291685 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 573TO UT WOS:000275938000030 PM 20329838 ER PT J AU Guimond, SR Heymsfield, GM Turk, FJ AF Guimond, Stephen R. Heymsfield, Gerald M. Turk, F. Joseph TI Multiscale Observations of Hurricane Dennis (2005): The Effects of Hot Towers on Rapid Intensification SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; SOUNDING UNIT AMSU; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; ROSSBY-WAVES; CONVECTION; MICROWAVE; RESOLUTION AB A synthesis of remote sensing and in situ observations throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Dennis (2005) during the NASA Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment is presented. Measurements from the ER-2 Doppler radar (EDOP), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), airborne radiometer, and flight-level instruments are used to provide a multiscale examination of the storm. The main focus is an episode of deep convective bursts ("hot towers") occurring during a mature stage of the storm and preceding a period of rapid intensification (11-hPa pressure drop in 1 h 35 min). The vigorous hot towers penetrated to 16-km height, had maximum updrafts of 20 m s(-1) 12-14-km height, and possessed a strong transverse circulation through the core of the convection. Significant downdrafts (maximum of 10-12 in s(-1)) on the flanks of the updrafts were observed, with their cumulative effects hypothesized to result in the observed increases in the warm core. In one ER-2 overpass, subsidence was transported toward the eye by 15-20 m s(-1) inflow occurring over a deep layer (0.5-10 km) coincident with a hot tower. Fourier analysis of the AMSU satellite measurements revealed a large shift in the storm's warm core structure, from asymmetric to axisymmetric, similar to 12 h after the convective bursts began. In addition, flight-level wind calculations of the axisymmetric tangential velocity and inertial stability showed a contraction of the maximum winds and an increase in the stiffness of the vortex, respectively, after the EDOP observations. The multiscale observations presented here reveal unique, ultra-high-resolution details of hot towers and their coupling to the parent vortex, the balanced dynamics of which can be generally explained by the axisymmetrization and efficiency theories. C1 [Guimond, Stephen R.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Guimond, Stephen R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Heymsfield, Gerald M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Guimond, SR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM guimond@coaps.fsu.edu FU NASA; NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team FX Much of this work was completed while the first author was an intern at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, CA, through the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). Thanks go out to John Knaff of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) for providing and assisting with the AMSU data. We thank Dr. Steven Miller and Mr. Jeff Hawkins of NRL Monterey for many discussions throughout the project. In addition, excellent comments from Paul Reasor, Pat Harr, Chris Velden, Mike Montgomery, and two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. This research was supported by the NASA TCSP experiment and the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 67 IS 3 BP 633 EP 654 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3119.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 575WS UT WOS:000276101400005 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, S. Noor TI General theoretical model for the vapor-phase growth and growth rate of semiconductor nanowires SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE adsorption; catalysts; desorption; nanowires; semiconductor growth; semiconductor quantum wires; surface scattering ID LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON NANOWIRES; GAN NANOWIRES; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; INAS NANOWIRES; GAAS NANOWIRES; DEPOSITION METHOD; ASSISTED GROWTH; INN NANOWIRES AB The growth and growth rates of single-crystal nanowires have been studied. Extensive theoretical calculations have been performed. The growths by the vapor-phase mechanisms have been considered. These mechanisms include the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), vapor-solid-solid, oxide-assisted growth, and the self-catalytic growth mechanisms. The modeling for nanowire growth and growth rate takes adsorption, desorption, surface scattering, and diffusion into account. The fundamentals underlying the growth rates and the parameters dictating them have been elucidated. The role of foreign element catalytic agents in the VLS growth has been examined. Experimental evidences have been advanced to quantify the influence of these parameters. Dependence of nanowire growth rates on temperature, nanowire radius, and chamber pressure has been studied. These growth rates obtained by theoretical, empirical, and experimental techniques compare well. The study solves important scientific problems, conflicts, controversies, and anomalies pertaining to nanowire growth. It uncovers basic processes underlying the controversies. It explains even the intricate details of the fundamentals governing the nanowire growths and growth rates. It elucidates why the nanowire growth rate by the molecular beam epitaxy is very low. Remarkably, it manifests incredibly tiny peaks in very thin nanowires observed experimentally several decades ago and explains the origin of these tiny peaks. C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), 780 Girard St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com FU DRTA, U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0464] FX The author wishes to thank Aya Sayed El Ahl and Maoqi He for assistance in experiments, Arif Khan for assistance in computations, and Albert Davydov, Chip Eddy, Ron Carter, Pratul Ajmera, and Fritz Kub, for discussions and help. The research was supported by DRTA Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0464 through U.S. Army Research Office, and monitored by Dr. Stephen Lee. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 329 EP 352 DI 10.1116/1.3289321 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 578EA UT WOS:000276275100016 ER PT J AU Dalacu, D Reimer, ME Frederick, S Kun, D Lapointe, J Poole, PJ Aers, GC Williams, RL McKinnon, WR Korkusinski, M Hawrylak, P AF Dalacu, Dan Reimer, Michael E. Frederick, Simon Kun, Danny Lapointe, Jean Poole, Philip J. Aers, Geof C. Williams, Robin L. McKinnon, W. Ross Korkusinski, Marek Hawrylak, Pawel TI Directed self-assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Site-selective epitaxy; quantum dots; single photon sources ID ELECTRON-HOLE ALIGNMENT; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; PILLAR MICROCAVITIES; MU-M; INAS; GAAS; EMISSION; CAVITY; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY AB The ability to control the nucleation site of a single quantum dot will have a profound effect oil the development of quantum dot-based photonic devices. The deterministic approach will provide a truly scalable technology that can take full advantage of conventional semiconductor processing for device fabrication In this review, we discuss the progress towards the integration of deterministically nucleated single quantum dots with top-down quantum optical devices targeting telecommunication wavelengths Advances in site-controlled quantum dot nucleation using, selective-area epitaxy now makes it possible to position quantum dots at predetermined positions oil a substrate in registry with alignment markers This, in turn, has allowed for devices fabricated in subsequent processing steps to be aligned to individual quantum dots The specific devices being targeted are gated-single dots and Coupled dot-cavity systems which are key components of efficient sources of single photons and entangled photon pairs C1 [Dalacu, Dan; Reimer, Michael E.; Frederick, Simon; Kun, Danny; Lapointe, Jean; Poole, Philip J.; Aers, Geof C.; Williams, Robin L.; McKinnon, W. Ross; Korkusinski, Marek; Hawrylak, Pawel] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Reimer, Michael E.; Williams, Robin L.; Hawrylak, Pawel] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Frederick, Simon] Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Frederick, Simon] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kun, Danny] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dalacu, D (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RI Reimer, Michael/C-4623-2011; Kim, Danny/A-7066-2009; Frederick, Simon/A-8095-2009 OI Kim, Danny/0000-0001-7396-3826; FU Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovations; Quantum Works; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Business Development Bank of Canada FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovations, Quantum Works, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Business Development Bank of Canada NR 98 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-8880 EI 1863-8899 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.1002/lpor.200810077 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA 570WP UT WOS:000275709400008 ER PT J AU Chavez, RB AF Chavez, Rebecca Bill TI The Quest for Justice in Latin America SO LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Review C1 [Chavez, Rebecca Bill] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rebeccabill@yahoo.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1531-426X J9 LAT AM POLIT SOC JI Latin Amer. Polit. Soc. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 PG 9 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 565ZU UT WOS:000275339900006 ER PT J AU Yakes, BJ Etheridge, SM Mulvaney, SP Tamanaha, CR AF Yakes, Betsy Jean Etheridge, Stacey M. Mulvaney, Shawn P. Tamanaha, Cy R. TI Fluidic Force Discrimination Assays: A New Technology for Tetrodotoxin Detection SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE tetrodotoxin; antibody inhibition assay; bioassay; Fluidic Force Discrimination; microbead labels ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; TOXINS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCUMULATION; SAXITOXIN; MATRICES; ANALOGS; MARINE; TTX AB Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a low molecular weight (similar to 319 Da) neurotoxin found in a number of animal species, including pufferfish. Protection from toxin tainted food stuffs requires rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tests. An emerging technique for the detection of both proteins and nucleic acids is Fluidic Force Discrimination ( FFD) assays. This simple and rapid method typically uses a sandwich immunoassay format labeled with micrometer-diameter beads and has the novel capability of removing nonspecifically attached beads under controlled, fluidic conditions. This technique allows for near realtime, multiplexed analysis at levels of detection that exceed many of the conventional transduction methods (e.g., ELISAs). In addition, the large linear dynamic range afforded by FFD should decrease the need to perform multiple sample dilutions, a common challenge for food testing. By applying FFD assays to an inhibition immunoassay platform specific for TTX and transduction via low magnification microscopy, levels of detection of similar to 15 ng/mL and linear dynamic ranges of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude were achieved. The results from these studies on the first small molecule FFD assay, along with the impact to detection of seafood toxins, will be discussed in this manuscript. C1 [Yakes, Betsy Jean; Etheridge, Stacey M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Tamanaha, Cy R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yakes, BJ (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM betsy.yakes@fda.hhs.gov; stacey.etheridge@fda.hhs.gov; shawn.mulvaney.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; cy.tamanaha@nrl.navy.mil RI Yakes, Betsy/K-2646-2012; OI DeGrasse, Stacey/0000-0001-7808-4193 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD MAR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.3390/md8030565 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 574VH UT WOS:000276021800012 PM 20411115 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, S Oh-Ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Fuller, CB London, B Mahoney, MW McNelley, TR AF Swaminathan, Srinivasan Oh-Ishi, Keiichiro Zhilyaev, Alexander P. Fuller, Christian B. London, Blair Mahoney, Murray W. McNelley, Terry R. TI Peak Stir Zone Temperatures during Friction Stir Processing SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; CAST NIAL BRONZE; ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEELS; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; PHASES AB The stir zone (SZ) temperature cycle was measured during the friction stir processing (FSP) of NiAl bronze plates. The FSP was conducted using a tool design with a smooth concave shoulder and a 12.7-mm step-spiral pin. Temperature sensing was accomplished using sheathed thermocouples embedded in the tool path within the plates, while simultaneous optical pyrometry measurements of surface temperatures were also obtained. Peak SZ temperatures were 990 A degrees C to 1015 A degrees C (0.90 to 0.97 T (Melt)) and were not affected by preheating to 400 A degrees C, although the dwell time above 900 A degrees C was increased by the preheating. Thermocouple data suggested little variation in peak temperature across the SZ, although thermocouples initially located on the advancing sides and at the centerlines of the tool traverses were displaced to the retreating sides, precluding direct assessment of the temperature variation across the SZ. Microstructure-based estimates of local peak SZ temperatures have been made on these and on other similarly processed materials. Altogether, the peak-temperature determinations from these different measurement techniques are in close agreement. C1 [McNelley, Terry R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [London, Blair] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mat Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Swaminathan, Srinivasan] Gen Elect Global Res, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. [Oh-Ishi, Keiichiro] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Zhilyaev, Alexander P.] RAS, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Fuller, Christian B.] GE Co, Healthcare Div, Milwaukee, WI 53219 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 FU Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-06WR-2-0196, N00014-09-WR20201] FX The authors acknowledge prior support and funding for this work from the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) (Arlington, VA), with Dr. Leo Christodoulou as program sponsor, and current support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (Arlington, VA), under Contract Nos. N00014-06WR-2-0196 and N00014-09-WR20201, with Drs. Julie Christodoulou, John Deloach, and Richard Fonda as program sponsors. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 41A IS 3 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0140-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557RG UT WOS:000274687200016 ER PT J AU Sandford, SA Bajt, S Clemett, SJ Cody, GD Cooper, G Degregorio, BT de Vera, V Dworkin, JP Elsila, JE Flynn, GJ Glavin, DP Lanzirotti, A Limero, T Martin, MP Snead, CJ Spencer, MK Stephan, T Westphal, A Wirick, S Zare, RN Zolensky, ME AF Sandford, Scott A. Bajt, Sasa Clemett, Simon J. Cody, George D. Cooper, George Degregorio, Bradley T. de Vera, Vanessa Dworkin, Jason P. Elsila, Jamie E. Flynn, George J. Glavin, Daniel P. Lanzirotti, Antonio Limero, Thomas Martin, Mildred P. Snead, Christopher J. Spencer, Maegan K. Stephan, Thomas Westphal, Andrew Wirick, Sue Zare, Richard N. Zolensky, Michael E. TI Assessment and control of organic and other contaminants associated with the Stardust sample return from comet 81P/Wild 2 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DEUTERIUM ENRICHMENT; AEROGEL; IMPACT; MATTER; MOLECULES; DUST; MICROSCOPE; TRACKS AB Numerous potential sources of organic contaminants could have greatly complicated the interpretation of the organic portions of the samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft. Measures were taken to control and assess potential organic (and other) contaminants during the design, construction, and flight of the spacecraft, and during and after recovery of the sample return capsule. Studies of controls and the returned samples suggest that many of these potential sources did not contribute any significant material to the collectors. In particular, contamination from soils at the recovery site and materials associated with the ablation of the heatshield do not appear to be significant problems. The largest source of concern is associated with the C present in the original aerogel. The relative abundance of this carbon can vary between aerogel tiles and even within individual tiles. This C was fortunately not distributed among a complex mixture of organics, but was instead largely present in a few simple forms (mostly as Si-CH(3) groups). In most cases, the signature of returned cometary organics can be readily distinguished from contaminants through their different compositions, nonterrestrial isotopic ratios, and/or association with other cometary materials. However, some conversion of the carbon indigenous to the flight aerogel appears to have happened during particle impact, and some open issues remain regarding how this C may be processed into new forms during the hypervelocity impact collection of the comet dust. C1 [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Clemett, Simon J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ERC Inc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Cody, George D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Cooper, George] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Degregorio, Bradley T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [de Vera, Vanessa; Limero, Thomas] Wyle Integrated Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dworkin, Jason P.; Elsila, Jamie E.; Glavin, Daniel P.; Martin, Mildred P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Ctr Astrobiol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Martin, Mildred P.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Snead, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Spencer, Maegan K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Westphal, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wirick, Sue] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zare, Richard N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Sandford, SA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM scott.a.sandford@nasa.gov RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Elsila, Jamie/C-9952-2012; Glavin, Daniel/D-6194-2012; Dworkin, Jason/C-9417-2012 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Glavin, Daniel/0000-0001-7779-7765; Dworkin, Jason/0000-0002-3961-8997 FU NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology; W. M. Keck Solid State NMR Facility at the Geophysical Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76F00098]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [STE 576/17-2] FX The efforts reported in this paper spanned more than ten years of the Stardust project and benefited from the support of numerous individuals and funding sources. The authors are grateful to all the many people associated with the Stardust project who assisted with the design and implementation of the spacecraft's contamination control and assessment activities. The authors also gratefully acknowledge key financial support from the following sources: the NASA Origins of Solar System Program, the NASA Astrobiology Institute and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, the NASA Sample Return Instruments and Data Analysis Program, the W. M. Keck Solid State NMR Facility at the Geophysical Laboratory, the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48, the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (STE 576/17-2). The authors are grateful to Dr. J. Borg and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the original version of this paper, and to Dr. D. Brownlee for efficient handling of the paper's submission. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 406 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01031.x PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 625OM UT WOS:000279904700006 ER PT J AU Mohawk, KL Melton-Celsa, AR Zangari, T Carroll, EE O'Brien, AD AF Mohawk, Krystle L. Melton-Celsa, Angela R. Zangari, Tonia Carroll, Erica E. O'Brien, Alison D. TI Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 86-24 following oral infection of BALB/c mice with an intact commensal flora SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; mouse model; Shiga toxin; intimin ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; UNITED-STATES; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MOUSE MODEL; CYTO-TOXIN; O157-H7; EXPRESSION; COLONIZATION; ANTIBODY AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that can Cause hemorrhagic colitis and, occasionally, hemolytic uremic syndrome, a sequela of infection that can result in renal failure and death. Here we Sought to model the pathogenesis Of orally-administered E. coli O157:H7 in BALB/c mice with an intact intestinal flora. First, we defined the optimal dose that permitted sustained fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 over 7 days (similar to 10(9) colony forming units). Next, we monitored the load of E. coli O157:H7 in intestinal sections over time and observed that the cecum was consistently the tissue with the highest E. coli O157:H7 recovery. We then followed the expression of two key E. coli O157:H7 Virulence factors, the adhesin intimin and Shiga toxin type 2, and detected both proteins early in infection when bacterial burdens were highest. Additionally, we noted that during infection, animals lost weight and similar to 30% died. Moribund animals also exhibited elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, and, on necropsy, showed evidence of renal tubular damage. We conclude that conventional mice inoculated orally with high doses of E. coli O157:H7 can be used to model both intestinal colonization and subsequent development of certain extraintestinal manifestations of E. coli O157:H7 disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mohawk, Krystle L.; Melton-Celsa, Angela R.; Zangari, Tonia; O'Brien, Alison D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Carroll, Erica E.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP O'Brien, AD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aobrien@usuhs.mil OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU National Institutes of Health/National institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases [5R37 AI20148]; USUHS [R073NQ, T073MR-02] FX The authors Would like to thank the entire O'Brien lab and in Particular Farhang Alem, Stephen Darnell, and Dianne McLeod for technical assistance with various aspects of this project and Dr. Cara Olsen for help with the statistical analyses. This work was funded by National Institutes of Health/National institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant number 5R37 AI20148, USUHS grant number R073NQ, and USUHS intramural student funding T073MR-02. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.01.003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 572OS UT WOS:000275843000006 PM 20096770 ER PT J AU Mirotznik, MS Good, B Ransom, P Wikner, D Mait, JN AF Mirotznik, Mark S. Good, Brandon Ransom, Paul Wikner, David Mait, Joseph N. TI ITERATIVE DESIGN OF MOTH-EYE ANTIREFLECTIVE SURFACES AT MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE diffractive; subwavelength; antireflective; millimeter wave; motheye ID BINARY GRATINGS; BAND AB A method for synthesizing broadband antireflective (AR) surfaces at millimeter wave frequencies is demonstrated AR surfaces were formed by machining a multilayer subwavelength structures Into nonabsorptive dielectrics. This created low-reflected energies (<-25 dB) over large bandwidths and incidence angles Experimental results are provided demonstrating the validity of the method. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52 561-568, 2010. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.24973 C1 [Mirotznik, Mark S.; Good, Brandon] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ransom, Paul] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wikner, David; Mait, Joseph N.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mirotznik, MS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1002/mop.24973 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 553JW UT WOS:000274363700018 ER PT J AU Hawk, D Tribble, DR Riddle, MS AF Hawk, Douglas Tribble, David R. Riddle, Mark S. TI Clinical Treatment of Nondysentery Travelers' Diarrhea During Deployment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; ACUTE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; ENDURING FREEDOM; UNITED-STATES; CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; DOUBLE-BLIND; US MILITARY C1 [Hawk, Douglas; Riddle, Mark S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hawk, D (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GT UT WOS:000276585400004 PM 20358701 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Walker, GJ Galarneau, M Belnap, B Konoske, P AF Melcer, Ted Walker, G. Jay Galarneau, Michael Belnap, Brian Konoske, Paula TI Midterm Health and Personnel Outcomes of Recent Combat Amputees SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; FOLLOW-UP; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; MILITARY PERSONNEL; IRAQI-FREEDOM; VIETNAM-WAR; AMPUTATIONS; AFGHANISTAN AB Objective: Warfighters who sustained combat amputations in Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) have unique challenges during rehabilitation. This study followed their outcomes. Methods: Subjects were 382 U.S. warfighters with major limb amputations utter combat injury in OEF/OIF between 2001 and 2005. Outcome measures were diagnoses, treatment codes, and personnel events captured by health and personnel data-bases during 24 months postinjury. Results: Most patients had multiple complications generally within 30 days postinjury (e.g., infections, anemia), with important exceptions (e.g., heterotopic ossification). Lower limb amputees had 50% more complications than upper limb amputees. Two-thirds of patients had a mental health disorder (e.g.. adjustment, post-traumatic stress disorder), with rates of major disorder categories between 18% and 25%. Over 80% of patients used physical and occupational therapy. prosthetic/orthotic services. and psychiatric care. Conclusions: Combat amputees had a complex set of outcomes supporting the continued need for military amputee care programs. C1 [Melcer, Ted; Galarneau, Michael; Konoske, Paula] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Walker, G. Jay] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Belnap, Brian] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Comprehens Combat & Complex Casualty Care Naval M, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 161,Bldg 331,140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs); U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Marine Corps Systems Command; Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Marine Corps Systems Command, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 582GT UT WOS:000276585400005 PM 20358702 ER PT J AU Kaplan, EH Kress, M Szechtman, R AF Kaplan, Edward H. Kress, Moshe Szechtman, Roberto TI Confronting Entrenched Insurgents SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE AB During counterinsurgency operations, government forces with superior firepower confront weaker low-signature insurgents. Under what conditions should government (Blue) forces attack insurgent (Red) strongholds? How should the government allocate its force across different strongholds when the insurgents' threat to the Blue civilian population must be taken into account? How should the government respond to "smart" insurgents who anticipate the government's optimal plan of attack and prepare accordingly? How do the results change when the government takes Red civilian casualties resulting from attacks on insurgent strongholds into account? This article addresses these questions. Using Lanchester models modified to account for imperfect intelligence, we formulate an optimal force allocation problem for the government and develop a knapsack approximation that has tight error bounds. We also model a sequential force allocation game between the insurgents and the government and solve for its equilibrium. When the government has perfect intelligence, in equilibrium the insurgents concentrate their force in a single stronghold that the government either attacks or not depending upon the resulting casualty count. Otherwise, under reasonable assumptions regarding the government's behavior and intelligence capabilities, it is optimal for the insurgents to "spread out" in a way that maximizes the number of soldiers required to win all battles. If the government worries about Red civilian casualties, the insurgents have a strong incentive to blend in with the Red civilian population, because this can prevent government attacks while allowing the insurgents to inflict casualties on Blue civilians. Such strategic behavior makes it harder for the government to protect its citizens from insurgent attacks. C1 [Kaplan, Edward H.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Management, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Yale Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kress, Moshe; Szechtman, Roberto] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kaplan, EH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Sch Management, Yale Sch Publ Hlth, Yale Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM edward.kaplan@yale.edu; mkress@nps.edu; rszechtm@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Daniel Rose Fund FX The second and third authors acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research. The first author acknowledges the Daniel Rose Fund supporting the Technion-Yale Initiative in Homeland Security and Counterterror Operations Research. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1287/opre.1090.0728 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584FB UT WOS:000276735200006 ER EF