FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lyles, MB Fredrickson, HL Bednar, AJ Fannin, HB Griffin, D Sobecki, TM AF Lyles, M. B. Fredrickson, H. L. Bednar, A. J. Fannin, H. B. Griffin, D. Sobecki, T. M. TI Medical geology: Dust exposure and potential health risks in the Middle East SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lyles, M. B.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. [Fredrickson, H. L.; Bednar, A. J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Fannin, H. B.] Murray State Univ, Dept Chem, Murray, KY 42071 USA. [Griffin, D.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Sobecki, T. M.] USA, Corp Engn, Hanover, NH USA. EM mark.lyles@med.navy.mil; Fredrickson.Herbert@epamail.epa.gov; Anthony.J.Bednar@erdc.usace.army.mil; harry.fannin@murraystate.edu; dgriffin@usgs.gov; Terry.M.Sobecki@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A576 EP A576 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601415 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Alexander, CMO Busemann, H Cody, GD Kilcoyne, ALD Nguyen, AN Nittler, LR Stroud, RM AF Zega, T. J. Alexander, C. M. O'D. Busemann, H. Cody, G. D. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Nguyen, A. N. Nittler, L. R. Stroud, R. M. TI Finding needles in the haystack: Coordinated analyses on planetary materials SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Zega, T. J.; Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Alexander, C. M. O'D.; Cody, G. D.; Nguyen, A. N.; Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Busemann, H.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A1071 EP A1071 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602667 ER PT J AU Senior, KL Ray, JR Beard, RL AF Senior, Kenneth L. Ray, Jim R. Beard, Ronald L. TI Characterization of periodic variations in the GPS satellite clocks SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE IGS; GPS satellite clocks; harmonic analysis; oblateness ( J(2)); relativistic corrections ID PHASE; TIME; ORBITS; MODEL AB The clock products of the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) are used to characterize the timing performance of the GPS satellites. Using 5-min and 30-s observational samples and focusing only on the sub-daily regime, approximate power-law stochastic processes are found. The Block IIA Rb and Cs clocks obey predominantly random walk phase (or white frequency) noise processes. The Rb clocks are up to nearly an order of magnitude more stable and show a flicker phase noise component over intervals shorter than about 100 s. Due to the onboard Time Keeping System in the newer Block IIR and IIR-M satellites, their Rb clocks behave in a more complex way: as an apparent random walk phase process up to about 100 s and then changing to flicker phase up to a few thousand seconds. Superposed on this random background, periodic signals have been detected in all clock types at four harmonic frequencies, n x (2.0029 +/- 0.0005) cycles per day (24 h coordinated universal time or UTC), for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4. The equivalent fundamental period is 11.9826 +/- 0.0030 h, which surprisingly differs from the reported mean GPS orbital period of 11.9659 +/- 0.0007 h by 60 +/- 11 s. We cannot account for this apparent discrepancy but note that a clear relationship between the periodic signals and the orbital dynamics is evidenced for some satellites by modulations of the spectral amplitudes with eclipse season. All four harmonics are much smaller for the IIR and IIR-M satellites than for the older blocks. Awareness of the periodic variations can be used to improve the clock modeling, including for interpolation of tabulated IGS products for higher-rate GPS positioning and for predictions in real-time applications. This is especially true for high-accuracy uses, but could also benefit the standard GPS operational products. The observed stochastic properties of each satellite clock type are used to estimate the growth of interpolation and prediction errors with time interval. C1 [Senior, Kenneth L.; Beard, Ronald L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Jim R.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Senior, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ken.senior@nrl.navy.mil; ronald.beard@nrl.navy.mil; jim.ray@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10291-008-0089-9 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 307JL UT WOS:000256315100007 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Weekes, J Bavaro, M AF Crum-Cianflone, N. Weekes, J. Bavaro, M. TI Appendicitis in HIV-infected patients during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; appendicitis; HIV; surgery ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PRIMARY KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; AIDS AB Background Limited studies have suggested increased incidence rates and unusual clinical presentations of appendicitis among HIV-infected patients during the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Data in the HAART era are sparse, and no study has evaluated potential HIV-related risk factors for the development of appendicitis. Methods We retrospectively studied 449 HIV-infected patients receiving care at a US Naval hospital involving 4750 person-years (PY) of follow-up. We also evaluated the rates of appendicitis among HIV-negative persons at our medical facility. We compared demographics, HIV-specific data, and HAART use in HIV-infected patients with and without appendicitis. Results Sixteen (3.6%) of 449 patients developed appendicitis after HIV seroconversion. The incidence rate was 337 cases/100 000 PY, more than fourfold higher than among HIV-negative persons. Eighty-eight per cent of cases among HIV-infected patients had an elevated white blood count at presentation, 39% were complicated, and 64% required hospitalization. HIV-infected patients with appendicitis compared with those who did not develop appendicitis were less likely to be receiving HAART (25 vs. 71%, P < 0.001), had higher viral loads (3.5 vs. 1.7 log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, P=0.005), and were younger (median age of 30 vs. 41 years, P < 0.002). In the multivariate model, receipt of HAART remained protective [odds ratio (OR) 0.21, P=0.012] for appendicitis, while younger age was positively associated (OR 1.08, P=0.048) with appendicitis. Conclusion Acute appendicitis occurs at higher incidence rates among HIV-infected patients compared with the general population. Our study demonstrates that the lack of HAART may be a risk factor for appendicitis among HIV-infected patients; further studies are needed. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, N.; Weekes, J.; Bavaro, M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, N.; Weekes, J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, Infect Dis Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00577.x PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 323YI UT WOS:000257484000009 PM 18705760 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH Kirkendall, CK AF Cranch, Geoffrey A. Flockhart, Gordon M. H. Kirkendall, Clay K. TI Distributed feedback fiber laser strain sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Workshop on Optical Fiber Sensors CY 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE array; Bragg grating; DFB fiber laser; erbium doped fiber (EDF); hydrophone; multiplexing; strain sensor ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; INTENSITY NOISE; OPTICAL FIBERS; PHASE NOISE; REDUCTION; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM AB The distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser strain sensor has demonstrated strain resolution comparable to that obtained from high-performance fiber-optic interferometry. This manuscript describes the characteristics and performance of this fiber laser strain sensor and discusses the technological developments necessary to obtain comparable performance from a multiplexed array of laser sensors. The design of the Bragg grating and doped fiber are discussed, where possible providing simplified equations to quantify the relevant design parameters. Techniques based on fiber-optic interferometry to decode the wavelength shifts of the laser are presented and potential noise sources are described. Measurements conducted on a test laser demonstrate the capability of the DFB fiber laser to resolve effective length changes to less than 0.76 fm/Hz(1/2) at 2 kHz. The accuracy of the strain measurement, calculated by subtracting the output of two lasers subjected to the same strain, is found to be less than 1%. Issues relating to multiplexing lasers, such as pump power depletion and optical feedback, are described along with methods to maximize the number of lasers serially multiplexed on a single fiber. Finally, the strain transduction mechanism and methods to mount the laser sensor are described. It is shown that for certain applications, the DFB fiber laser sensor provides significant performance benefits when compared with remotely interrogated fiber-optic interferometric sensing techniques. C1 [Cranch, Geoffrey A.; Flockhart, Gordon M. H.; Kirkendall, Clay K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil; gordon.flockhart@yahoo.com; clay.kirkendal@nrl.navy.mil RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 50 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 39 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7-8 BP 1161 EP 1172 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2008.926876 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 338RP UT WOS:000258526600017 ER PT J AU Mortari, D Wilkins, MP AF Mortari, Daniele Wilkins, Matthew P. TI Flower Constellation Set Theory Part I: Compatibility and Phasing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Flower Constellations are special satellite constellations whose satellites follow the same 3-dimensional space track with respect to assigned rotating reference frame. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of compatibility and phasing of the Flower Constellations. Compatibility is the synchronization property of a Flower Constellation with respect to a rotating reference frame while phasing dictates the satellite distribution property. Compatibility and phasing, which are ruled by a set of five independent integer parameters, constitute the two main properties of the Flower Constellations. In particular, the dual-compatible Flower Constellations theory, which allows a simultaneous synchronization of the Flower Constellation dynamics with two independent rotating reference frames, is introduced. Meaningful examples and potential applications are briefly discussed. C1 [Mortari, Daniele] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr Kihei, Maui, HI USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Mortari, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, HR Bright Bldg,Room 611C,Ross St,TAMU3141, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mortari@aero.tamu.edu; mpwilkins@gmail.com NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655355 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000009 ER PT J AU Wilkins, MP Mortari, D AF Wilkins, Matthew P. Mortari, Daniele TI Flower Constellation Set Theory Part II: Secondary Paths and Equivalency SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In our previous research, the Flower Constellation set theory was introduced but specific details left out. In this work, the particular phasing theory that we have adopted is discussed in full. As a consequence of this choice of parametrization, a new class of orbit theory has emerged: secondary paths (SPs). The theory of SPs is developed and proved in this work. Examples of SPs are presented and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the equivalency of Flower Constellations and resolve how certain disparate choices of integer parameters can generate identical satellite distributions. C1 [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Mortari, Daniele] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilkins, Matthew P.] USAF, Schafer Corp, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Maui, HI 96761 USA. RP Wilkins, MP (reprint author), USAF, Schafer Corp, Maui Opt & Supercomp Ctr, Maui, HI 96761 USA. EM mpwilkins@gmail.com NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 964 EP 976 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655356 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000010 ER PT J AU Linde, GJ Ngo, MT Danly, BG Cheung, WJ Gregers-Hansen, V AF Linde, George J. Ngo, Mai T. Danly, Bruce G. Cheung, Win Joy Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm TI WARLOC: A High-Power Coherent 94 GHz Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; HIGH-AVERAGE POWER; GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; PRECIPITATION; CLOUD AB This paper describes the development of a high-power, coherent radar system at W-band and discusses potential applications of radars with this new capability. Previous radars in this frequency band were limited by available power-amplifier technology to about 500 W of average power; WARLOC radar represents an increase in power, by 20 times, over previous coherent radars at 94 GHz. This performance improvement is possible due to the development of a gyroklystron amplifier specifically for this and future radars in this frequency band. The gyroklystron amplifier tubes deliver 100 kW peak power and 10 kW of average power at a center frequency of approximately 94 GHz. Other novel features of this radar include the use of highly overmoded waveguides and rotary joints for the transmission of power from the final power amplifier (FPA) to the antenna, and a high-power quasi-optical duplexer. The system uses a relatively large 1.8 m diameter (580-wavelength) Cassegrain antenna, which required the development of an antenna with an rms surface accuracy of 0.0025 in, to obtain long-range detection and identification of small objects. Test data show an antenna gain of 62.5 dB, confirming that the needed surface accuracy was achieved. Two mobile shelters house the radar system, permitting relocation to various test sites. WARLOC is presently operational at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment facility, Maryland. It is being employed in radar imaging of airborne and surface objects, and in the scientific study of propagation effects and atmospheric physics phenomena. C1 [Linde, George J.; Ngo, Mai T.; Danly, Bruce G.; Cheung, Win Joy; Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linde, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5306,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mai.ngo@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; DARPA; ONR FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The development of the gyroklystron was supported by DARPA in the early years and ONR in subsequent years. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1102 EP 1117 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655367 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000021 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI Efficient Class-Specific Models for Autoregressive Processes with Slowly Varying Amplitude in White Noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes an efficient model to describe an autoregressive (AR) signal with slowly-varying amplitude in additive white Gaussian-noise (WGN). Even a simple low-order AR model becomes complicated by varying amplitude and additive white noise. However, by approximating the signal amplitude as piecewise-constant, an efficient filtering approach can be applied in order to compute the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate for the entire data record. The model is efficient both in terms of havng a compact set of parameters and in the computational sense. Simulation results are provided. The algorithm has applications in signal modeling for underwater acoustic signals, particularly active wideband signals such as explosive sources. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research [N0001405WR20125] FX Office of Naval Research under Contract N0001405WR20125. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1183 EP 1197 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4655373 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 364JM UT WOS:000260332000027 ER PT J AU Zhao, X Currie, M Cola, A Quaranta, F Gallo, E Spanier, JE Nabet, B AF Zhao, Xia Currie, Marc Cola, Adriano Quaranta, Fabio Gallo, Eric Spanier, Jonathan E. Nabet, Bahrain TI Time response of two-dimensional gas-based vertical field metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM); photodetector (PD); time response; 2-D electron gas (2DEG); 2-D hole gas (2DHG) ID TRAVELING-WAVE PHOTODETECTORS; CURRENT TRANSPORT; HIGH-SPEED; PHOTODIODE AB We have fabricated and characterized 2-D gas-based, including 2-D electron gas (2DEG) and 2-D hole gas (2DHG), heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors on GaAs. Both the high-speed measurement of time response and the simulation results show that a vertical field developed in the active absorption region due to the delta-doping layer facilitates one type of photogenerated carrier transport. In addition, the confined carriers facilitate collection of the optically generated carriers that reach them. The vertical field in the MSM. structure that is created by a 2-D gas transforms a traditional lateral MSM device to a vertical one, although remaining as a planar structure, thus allowing a device design for high-speed performance without sacrificing the external quantum efficiency. C1 [Zhao, Xia; Gallo, Eric; Spanier, Jonathan E.; Nabet, Bahrain] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Currie, Marc] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cola, Adriano; Quaranta, Fabio] Natl Res Council IMM CNR, Inst Microelect & Microsyst, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), Mosel Vitel Corp, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. EM nabet@ece.drexel.edu RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; Quaranta, Fabio/C-7417-2013; OI Spanier, Jonathan/0000-0002-3096-2644 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1762 EP 1770 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.925242 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 321TT UT WOS:000257330100024 ER PT J AU Meixner, RM Gobel, HH Qiu, HD Ucurum, C Klix, W Stenzel, R Yildirim, FA Bauhofer, W Krautschneider, WH AF Meixner, Ronald M. Goebel, Holger H. Qiu, Haidi Ucurum, Cihan Klix, Wilfried Stenzel, Roland Yildirim, Faruk Altan Bauhofer, Wolfgang Krautschneider, Wolfgang H. TI A physical-based PSPICE compact model for poly(3-hexylthiophene) organic field-effect transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE compact model; organic thin-film transistors (OFETs); poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT); SPICE ID MOBILITY AB A PSPICE model for organic thin-film transistors (OFETs) employing poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is derived. This model is based on the standard MOSFET Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model equations, where the voltage dependences of the charge carrier mobility and the bulk conductivity are modeled by additional voltage-controlled current sources. The model requires only five additional parameters, which can be extracted from the output characteristics of the device. The Model equations have been verified by device simulations, and the simulation results have been compared with measurements of P3HT OFETs. C1 [Meixner, Ronald M.; Goebel, Holger H.; Qiu, Haidi; Ucurum, Cihan] Univ Fed Armed Forces Hamburg, Dept Elect, Helmut Schmidt Univ, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. [Klix, Wilfried; Stenzel, Roland] Univ Appl Sci Dresden, Dept Elect Engn, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Yildirim, Faruk Altan; Bauhofer, Wolfgang] Tech Univ Hamburg, Inst Opt & Elect Mat, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. [Krautschneider, Wolfgang H.] Tech Univ Hamburg, Inst Nanoelect, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. RP Meixner, RM (reprint author), USN, 7th Fast Patrol Boat Squadron, Washington, DC USA. EM meixner@unibwh.de RI Krautschneider, Wolfgang/E-7008-2017; OI Krautschneider, Wolfgang/0000-0001-8629-4545; Goebel, Holger/0000-0003-2397-8688 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1776 EP 1781 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.925339 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 321TT UT WOS:000257330100026 ER PT J AU Engel, TG Neri, JM Veracka, MJ AF Engel, Thomas G. Neri, Jesse M. Veracka, Michael J. TI Characterization of the velocity skin-effect in the surface layer of a railgun sliding contact SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE coilguns; electromagnetic launching; linear motors; railguns ID ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCHERS; EFFICIENCY AB We present a characterization of contact velocity skin effect (VSEC), which is a major velocity- and efficiency-limiting effect at a railgun's sliding contact. Despite enormous contact forces, the armature remains separated from the rail by a thin layer, 4 to 12 A thick. Evidence suggests VSEC is also the primary mechanism responsible for the contact voltage drop. VSEC effects are seen in both electromagnetic launcher (EML) efficiency and breech voltage. We compare theoretical-predictions of system efficiency and breech voltage to experimental measurements for both a conventional and an augmented railgun. The characterization of VSEC extends our previous theoretical work in this area and provides new insights into the physics of EML operation, especially with regards to the armature and sliding contact. VSEC is a significant energy loss mechanism and heat source, possibly contributing to contact erosion and transition. We propose a similar VSEC mechanism to explain velocity saturation and efficiency roll-off in plasma and hybrid armature railguns, as well as arc restrike. C1 [Engel, Thomas G.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Neri, Jesse M.] Div Plasma Phys, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Veracka, Michael J.] TEW Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM engelt@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1837 EP 1844 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.922310 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 320MC UT WOS:000257238200020 ER PT J AU Chan, RR Lee, Y Sudhoff, SD Zivi, EL AF Chan, Ricky R. Lee, Yonggon Sudhoff, Scott D. Zivi, Edwin L. TI Evolutionary optimization of power electronics based power systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE evolutionary algorithms (EAs); optimization methods; power electronics; power system controls ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; DESIGN AB This paper sets forth and demonstrates an approach to the design of power electronics based power systems using evolutionary computing techniques. Key features of the paper are the use of evolutionary computing in the context of classical control design, construction of appropriate multievent based performance metrics, and the use of multiobjective evolutionary computing in the selection of control parameters based on system performance versus control effort. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a power electronics based power distribution system similar to those being designed for next generation warships. C1 [Chan, Ricky R.; Sudhoff, Scott D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Lee, Yonggon; Zivi, Edwin L.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chan, RR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM riyadi@ecn.purdue.edu; ylee@usna.edu; sudhoff@ecn.purdue.edu; zivi@usna.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1907 EP 1917 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2008.925197 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332YC UT WOS:000258118000032 ER PT J AU Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA Ancona, MG Champlain, JG Chou, YC Lange, MD Yang, JM Bass, R Park, D Shanabrook, BV AF Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Papanicolaou, Nicolas A. Ancona, Mario G. Champlain, James G. Chou, Yeong-Chang Lange, Michael D. Yang, Jeffrey M. Bass, Robert Park, Doewon Shanabrook, Ben V. TI Sb-based n- and p-channel heterostructure FETs for high-speed, low-power applications SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microdevices CY AUG 21-24, 2007 CL Kisarazu, JAPAN DE HEMTs; HFETs; MMICs; InAs; InGaSb ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; HEMTS; AMPLIFIER; HFETS AB Heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) composed of antimonide-based compound semiconductor (ABCS) materials have intrinsic performance advantages due to the attractive electron and hole transport properties, narrow bandgaps, low ohmic contact resistances, and unique band-lineup design flexibility within this material system. These advantages can be particularly exploited in applications where high-speed operation and low-power consumption are essential. In this paper, we report on recent advances in the design, material growth, device characteristics, oxidation stability, and MMIC performance of Sb-based HEMTs with an InAlSb upper barrier layer. The high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) exhibit a transconductance of 1.3 S/mm at V-DS = 0.2 V and an f(T)L(g) product of 33 GHz-mu m for a 0.2 mu m gate length. The design, fabrication and improved performance of InAlSb/InGaSb p-channel HFETs are also presented. The HFETs exhibit a mobility of 1500 cm(2)/V-sec, an f(max) of 34 GHz for a 0.2 mu m gate length, a threshold voltage of 90 mV, and a subthreshold slope of 106 mV/dec at V-DS = - 1.0 V. C1 [Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.; Papanicolaou, Nicolas A.; Ancona, Mario G.; Champlain, James G.; Bass, Robert; Park, Doewon; Shanabrook, Ben V.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chou, Yeong-Chang; Lange, Michael D.; Yang, Jeffrey M.] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Boos, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM 6876@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD JUL PY 2008 VL E91C IS 7 BP 1050 EP 1057 DI 10.1093/ietele/e91-c.7.1050 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 330HB UT WOS:000257930300013 ER PT J AU Ogasaka, Y Tamura, K Shibata, R Furuzawa, A Miyazawa, T Shimoda, K Fukaya, Y Iwahara, T Nakamura, T Naitou, M Kanou, Y Sasaki, N Ueno, D Okajima, T Miyata, E Tawa, N Mukai, K Ikegami, K Aono, M Uesugi, K Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, S Furamura, T Takahashi, R Sakashita, M Sakai, C Nonoyama, M Yamada, N Onishi, K Miyauchi, T Maeda, Y Okada, S Serlemitsos, P Soong, Y Chan, KW Rohrbach, S Berendse, F Tueller, J Tsunemi, H Kunieda, H Yamashita, K AF Ogasaka, Yasushi Tamura, Keisuke Shibata, Ryo Furuzawa, Akihiro Miyazawa, Takuya Shimoda, Kenta Fukaya, Yoshihiro Iwahara, Tomonaga Nakamura, Tornokazu Naitou, Masataka Kanou, Yasufumi Sasaki, Naoki Ueno, Daislike Okajima, Takashi Miyata, Emi Tawa, Noriaki Mukai, Kenji Ikegami, Kazuhiro Aono, Michihiko Uesugi, Kentaro Suzuki, Yoshio Takeuchi, Satoshi Furamura, Taku Takahashi, Rika Sakashita, Machiko Sakai, Chiaki Nonoyama, Masayuki Yamada, Nobuaki Onishi, Katsuhiko Miyauchi, Tomofumi Maeda, Yoshitomo Okada, Shunsaku Serlemitsos, Peter Soong, Yang Chan, Kai-Wing Rohrbach, Scott Berendse, Fred Tueller, Jack Tsunemi, Hiroshi Kunieda, Hideyo Yamashita, Koujun TI Characterization of a hard x-ray telescope at synchrotron facility SPring-8 SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray optics; X-ray telescope; synchrotron radiation; multilayer; measurement technique; space science; astronomy ID S BALLOON EXPERIMENT; SUPERMIRROR; PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY; SUZAKU; ASCA AB Space-borne astronomical instruments require extensive characterization on the ground before launch. In the hard X-ray region however, it is difficult for a laboratory-based beamline using a conventional X-ray Source to provide a capability sufficient for pre-flight high-precision calibration. In this paper, we describe an experiment to characterize a hard X-ray telescope at a synchrotron facility, mainly on the basis of experimental setup and examples of measured results. We have developed hard X-ray telescopes consisting of Wolter-I grazing incidence optics and platinum-carbon multilayer supermirror coatings. The telescopes have been characterized at the synchrotron facility SPring-8 beamline BL20B2. The measurements at BL20B2 have great advantages such as extremely high flux, large-sized and less-divergent beam, and monochromatic beam covering the entire hard X-ray region front 8 to over 100keV. The telescope was illuminated by monochromatic hard X-rays, and the focused image was measured by high resolution hard X-ray imagers. The entire telescope aperture was mapped by a small beam, and the effective area and the point spread function were obtained as well as local optical properties for further diagnostics of the characteristics of the telescope. C1 [Ogasaka, Yasushi; Tamura, Keisuke; Shibata, Ryo; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Miyazawa, Takuya; Shimoda, Kenta; Fukaya, Yoshihiro; Iwahara, Tomonaga; Nakamura, Tornokazu; Naitou, Masataka; Kanou, Yasufumi; Sasaki, Naoki; Ueno, Daislike; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Furamura, Taku; Takahashi, Rika; Sakashita, Machiko; Sakai, Chiaki; Nonoyama, Masayuki; Yamada, Nobuaki; Onishi, Katsuhiko; Kunieda, Hideyo; Yamashita, Koujun] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Okajima, Takashi; Serlemitsos, Peter; Soong, Yang; Chan, Kai-Wing; Rohrbach, Scott; Tueller, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miyata, Emi; Tawa, Noriaki; Mukai, Kenji; Ikegami, Kazuhiro; Aono, Michihiko; Miyauchi, Tomofumi] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Uesugi, Kentaro; Suzuki, Yoshio] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayou, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Maeda, Yoshitomo; Okada, Shunsaku] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Berendse, Fred] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ogasaka, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM ogasaka@u.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 5743 EP 5754 DI 10.1143/JJAP.47.5743 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 353FD UT WOS:000259550600093 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, JE Rowenhorst, DJ Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Pollock, T. M. TI The three-dimensional reconstruction of the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface of a Ni-based single crystal SO JOM LA English DT Article ID THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTIVE INSTABILITIES; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; SUPERALLOY CASTINGS; PB-SN; ALLOYS; PERMEABILITY; NICKEL; FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURES; STABILIZATION AB Directional solidification of nickel-based single crystals requires control of the heat transfer fluid flow, and phase transformations at the solid-liquid interface during withdrawal in the Bridgman process. While the morphological details,of the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface influence defect formation processes, there is an incomplete understanding of this structure as a function of alloy composition and processing conditions. A three-dimensional serial sectioning and image reconstruction approach for characterization of the solidification front has been developed and structural characteristics of the dendritic structure are quantified. C1 [Madison, J.; Pollock, T. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonnymad@umich.edu NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2008 VL 60 IS 7 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0085-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 323HZ UT WOS:000257438500005 ER PT J AU Phillips, WF Alley, NR Niewoehner, RJ AF Phillips, W. F. Alley, N. R. Niewoehner, R. J. TI Effects of nonlinearities on subsonic aerodynamic center SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL-FLUID-DYNAMICS; WINGS AB A refined mathematical definition for the aerodynamic center of a wing or complete airplane is presented, which allows for inclusion of the trigonometric and aerodynamic nonlinearities. From this definition, analytical relations are developed for both the axial and vertical positions of the aerodynamic center at any angle of attack, independent of whether or not the nonlinearities are included. Results show that, when all nonlinearities are included, the position of the aerodynamic center can change with angle of attack. Because the traditional approximation provides only a fixed axial coordinate, this analysis provides two additional pieces of information about the aerodynamic center, that is, its vertical coordinate and its movement. Two examples are presented, which separate these two effects. The first example uses computational fluid dynamics to show that, when the effects of the nonlinearities are combined with wing sweep at high angles of attack below stall, the aerodynamic center of a planar wing moves significantly aft and below the wing. The second example, which uses an approximate closed-form solution for two lifting surfaces, emphasizes the importance of knowing the vertical position of the aerodynamic center and shows that, in the absence of sweep, its movement with angle of attack is slight. C1 [Phillips, W. F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Alley, N. R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Niewoehner, R. J.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Phillips, WF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1255 DI 10.2514/1.34241 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336UF UT WOS:000258389400016 ER PT J AU Green, BE AF Green, Bradford E. TI Computational prediction of roll damping for the F/A-18E at transonic speeds SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT-WING-STALL; GENERATION; TURBULENCE; PROGRAM AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the roll-damping characteristics for the F/A-18E Super Hornet at transonic speeds. The calculations were made for Mach 0.8 at both wind-tunnel and flight conditions. Three different wing configurations were analyzed during this study. For the first two configurations, the F/A-18E Super Hornet was modeled with the preproduction wing. The first of these configurations had flap settings of 6 degree leading-edge flaps, 8 degree trailing-edge flaps, and 4 degree aileron, whereas the second configuration had flap settings of 10 degree leading-edge flaps, 10 degree trailing-edge flaps, and 5 degree aileron. The third configuration analyzed was that of the F/A-18E with the wing developed from the Transonic Flying Qualities Improvement Program. This wing includes a sawtooth leading edge and a chordwise fence on the wing box. The sawtooth geometry eliminated the snag that existed on the leading edge of the preproduction wing. The flow solver of the NASA Tetrahedral Unstructured Software System was used during this project. In preparation for this study, the flow solver was modified to simulate a constant-rate rolling motion of the grid so that the roll-damping characteristics of the aircraft could be determined. With this modification to the flow solver, the roll-damping characteristics at each condition could be determined at the expense of a steady-state computational fluid dynamics calculation. This approach to determining roll damping is much simpler and faster than the traditional approach, which required a time-accurate calculation on a moving grid. The results of this study indicate that computational fluid dynamics can be a useful analysis tool for screening a configuration for potential loss of roll damping and the associated deterioration of lateral handling qualities. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Appl Aerodynam & Stores Separat Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Appl Aerodynam & Stores Separat Branch, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.2514/1.34571 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336UF UT WOS:000258389400021 ER PT J AU McDonough, PC Holler, JM Vorce, SP Bosy, TZ Magluilo, J Past, MR AF McDonough, Pamela C. Holler, Justin M. Vorce, Shawn P. Bosy, Thomas Z. Magluilo, Joseph, Jr. Past, Marilyn R. TI The detection and quantitative analysis of the psychoactive component of Salvia divinorum, salvinorin A, in human biological fluids using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINT; DRUG C1 [McDonough, Pamela C.; Holler, Justin M.; Vorce, Shawn P.; Magluilo, Joseph, Jr.; Past, Marilyn R.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Bosy, Thomas Z.] USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP McDonough, PC (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, 1413 Res Blvd,Bldg 102, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Pamela.McDonough@afip.osd.mil NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 330QY UT WOS:000257959100004 PM 18652747 ER PT J AU Holler, JM Bosy, TZ Dunkley, CS Levine, B Past, MR Jacobs, A AF Holler, Justin M. Bosy, Thomas Z. Dunkley, Christopher S. Levine, Barry Past, Marilyn R. Jacobs, Aaron TI Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol content of commercially available hemp products SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED CANNABIS PRODUCTS; SEED OIL; THC CONTENT; FOOD-PRODUCTS; DRUG TESTS; CONSUMPTION; URINE; INGESTION; DELTA(9)-THC; MARIJUANA C1 [Holler, Justin M.; Dunkley, Christopher S.; Levine, Barry; Past, Marilyn R.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Bosy, Thomas Z.] USN, Drug Screening Lab, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Jacobs, Aaron] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Holler, JM (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM Justin.Holler@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 330QY UT WOS:000257959100006 PM 18652749 ER PT J AU Mitrescu, C Miller, S Hawkins, J L'Ecuyer, T Turk, J Partain, P Stephens, G AF Mitrescu, Cristian Miller, Steven Hawkins, Jeffrey L'Ecuyer, Tristan Turk, Joseph Partain, Philip Stephens, Graeme TI Near-real-time applications of CloudSat Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; RADAR AB Within 2 months of its launch in April 2006 as part of the Earth Observing System A-Train satellite constellation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) CloudSat mission began making significant contributions toward broadening the understanding of detailed cloud vertical structures around the earth. Realizing the potential benefit of CloudSat to both the research objectives and operational requirements of the U. S. Navy, the Naval Research Laboratory coordinated early on with the CloudSat Data Processing Center to receive and process first-look 94-GHz Cloud Profiling Radar datasets in near-real time (4-8 h latency), thereby making the observations more relevant to the operational community. Applications leveraging these unique data, described herein, include 1) analysis/validation of cloud structure and properties derived from conventional passive radiometers, 2) tropical cyclone vertical structure analysis, 3) support of research field programs, 4) validation of numerical weather prediction model cloud fields, and 5) quantitative precipitation estimation in light rainfall regimes. C1 [Mitrescu, Cristian; Miller, Steven; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Turk, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Stephens, Graeme] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Partain, Philip] Sci & Technol Corp, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mitrescu, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cristian.mitrescu@nrlmry.navy.mil RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1982 EP 1994 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1794.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 327GT UT WOS:000257718300008 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Petrov, GM Hinshelwood, DD Myers, MC Dasgupta, A Hegeler, F Petrova, T AF Apruzese, J. P. Giuliani, J. L. Wolford, M. F. Sethian, J. D. Petrov, G. M. Hinshelwood, D. D. Myers, M. C. Dasgupta, A. Hegeler, F. Petrova, Ts. TI Optimizing the Ar-Xe infrared laser on the Naval Research Laboratory's Electra generator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC XENON-LASER; BEAM SUSTAINED DISCHARGE; TRANSFER CROSS-SECTION; KRF LASERS; SATURATION; ENERGY; GAIN; OPTIMIZATION; TRANSITION; GASES AB The Ar-Xe infrared laser has been investigated in several series of experiments carried out on the Naval Research Laboratory's Electra generator. Our primary goals were to optimize the efficiency of the laser (within Electra's capabilities) and to gain understanding of the main physical processes underlying the laser's output as a function of controllable parameters such as Xe fraction, power deposition, and gas pressure. We find that the intrinsic efficiency maximizes at similar to 3% at a total pressure of 2.5 atm, Xe fraction of 1%, and electron beam power deposition density of 50-100 kW cm(-3). We deployed an interferometer to measure the electron density during lasing; the ionization fractions of 10(-5)-10(-4) that it detected well exceed previous theoretical estimates. Some trends in the data as a function of beam power and xenon fraction are not fully understood. The as-yet incomplete picture of Ar-Xe laser physics is likely traceable in large part to significant uncertainties still present in many important rates influencing the atomic and molecular kinetics. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Apruzese, J. P.; Giuliani, J. L.; Wolford, M. F.; Sethian, J. D.; Petrov, G. M.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Myers, M. C.; Dasgupta, A.] USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrova, Ts.] Berkeley Res Assoc Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hegeler, F.] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013101 DI 10.1063/1.2948934 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500002 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Kushto, GP Makinen, AJ AF Watkins, N. J. Kushto, G. P. Maekinen, A. J. TI Electronic structure and morphology of organic/metal/organic junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEMORY; CELLS; DEVICES AB We have investigated the electronic structures and morphologies of two organic-metal-organic junctions, relevant for organic bistable devices, photovoltaics, and light emitting devices. Combined photoemission spectroscopy and scanning probe measurements found that in a 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI)/Ag/Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPc) junction, Ag undergoes a chemical reaction with PTCBI leading to a discontinuous film of Ag clusters. In contrast, Au forms a continuous metal film in the PTCBI/Au/CuPc junction with no observable chemistry occurring. Photoemission spectroscopy suggests that both heterojunctions exhibit barrierless charge recombination leading to very similar functional behavior when integrated in device structures despite significant chemical and morphological differences. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Watkins, N. J.; Kushto, G. P.; Maekinen, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM antti.makinen@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013712 DI 10.1063/1.2952055 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 327ZH UT WOS:000257766500069 ER PT J AU Cobb, M Keen, TR Walker, ND AF Cobb, Mark Keen, Timothy R. Walker, Nan D. TI Modeling the circulation of the Atchafalaya Bay system during winter cold front events. Part 1: Model description and validation SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal processes; Atchafalaya Bay system; river plume; salinity front; sediment transport; remote sensing; NCOM model; cold front ID CHENIER-PLAIN COAST; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LOUISIANA; RIVER; DELTA; USA; PASSAGE; SHELF AB The Atchafalaya Bay system consists of a series of five shallow bays in southern Louisiana (U.S.A.) that are dominated by the circulation of the Atchafalaya River plume. Winter cold fronts have a significant impact on the resuspension and transport of sediments in this region, and a better understanding of the circulation during these events is absolutely necessary for determining the sediment transport patterns of the Atchafalaya Bay system and the adjacent shelf area. Understanding the circulation of this region is also crucial for environmental studies as well. This work describes the implementation of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), a three-dimensional numerical circulation model for tide, river, and wind-forced circulation in the Atchafalaya Bay system. The model has a cell size (Delta x) of similar to 800 m and is nested to a northern Gulf of Mexico model (Ax similar to 5000 m), which is itself nested to the global NCOM (Delta x = 1/8 degrees). Atmospheric forcing is supplied by the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NO-GAPS) (Delta x = 1 degrees). These models are used to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Atchafalaya Bay system and Atchafalaya river plume between December 1997 and January 1998 during the passage of three winter cold fronts. The water levels, salinity, and currents predicted by NCOM are in reasonable agreement with available measurements and tide-gauge elevation data. Errors in ebb tides and wind-driven circulation are attributable to uncertainties in the bathymetry and the low spatial and temporal resolution of the NOGAPS wind fields. C1 [Cobb, Mark; Keen, Timothy R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Walker, Nan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cobb, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cobb@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Walker, Nan/D-8819-2013 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1047 DI 10.2112/07-0877.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 328SR UT WOS:000257818600019 ER PT J AU Cobb, M Keen, TR Walker, ND AF Cobb, Mark Keen, Timothy R. Walker, Nan D. TI Modeling the circulation of the Atchafalaya Bay system, part 2: River plume dynamics during cold fronts SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal processes; Atchafalaya Bay system; river plume; salinity front; sediment transport; remote sensing; NCOM; cold front ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHENIER-PLAIN COAST; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LOUISIANA; DISCHARGE; EVOLUTION; PASSAGE; STORM; DELTA AB In Part 2 of our application of the Navy coastal ocean model (NCOM) to the Atchafalaya Bay system, we examine the wind- and tide-forced three-dimensional baroclinic circulation of the Lower Atchafalaya and Wax Lake Outlet river plumes. The salinity and the current velocity are examined during a time period when three cold fronts passed over the region. The baroclinic, circulation of NCOM was validated for the same time period in Part 1 of this study (COBB, KEEN, and WALKER, 2008. Modeling the circulation of the Atchafalaya Bay region, 1: Model description and validation. Journal of Coastal Research, this issue). We find that the westward transport of plume water and the offshore cold-front-induced circulation are determined to a large extent by the alongshore and cross-shore bathymetric structure. Wind-driven plume water moves parallel to the alongshore bathymetric contours unless forced to mix with higher salinity water by strong cross-shore directed winds. The mixing of plume water with offshore water occurs over bathymetric shoals during periods of strong post-frontal winds. This mixing process involves the offshore transport of plume water over the entire water column in addition to the strong surface transport. The model results for offshore circulation are in qualitative agreement with past observations. In addition, the hydrodynamic processes that control the salinity fronts in Vermilion and West Cote Blanche Bays, areas where the model salinity was validated in Part 1, are examined as well. C1 [Cobb, Mark] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA. [Keen, Timothy R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA. [Walker, Nan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cobb, M (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Code NP1, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA. EM carolus.cobb@navy.mil RI Walker, Nan/D-8819-2013 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1062 DI 10.2112/07-0879.1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 328SR UT WOS:000257818600020 ER PT J AU Satter, EK Barnette, DJ AF Satter, Elizabeth K. Barnette, David J. TI Adrenocortical carcinoma with delayed cutaneous metastasis SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADRENAL-CORTICAL CARCINOMA; TUMORS; A103 AB Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy. Patients often have metastatic disease at initial presentation, with the most common sites being the liver, local lymph nodes, lungs, peritoneum and bone. Despite a high frequency of metastases, there are only isolated reports of ACC that have metastasized to the skin. Herein, we report a case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with a cyst-like lesion on her back, which on biopsy proved to be ACC metastatic from a primary tumor diagnosed 30 years previously. C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Barnette, David J.] Scripps Hosp, Dept Dermatol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Barnette, David J.] Scripps Hosp, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 677 EP 680 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00870.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 311PY UT WOS:000256613300012 PM 18201231 ER PT J AU Satter, EK DeRienzo, DP AF Satter, Elizabeth K. DeRienzo, Damian P. TI Synchronous onset of multiple cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinomas localized to the scalp SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; CASE SERIES; SKIN; FEATURES; TUMORS; CYTOKERATIN-20; ENDOCRINE; LUNG AB Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive neoplasm that typically presents as a solitary nodule or plaque on sun-exposed skin of the elderly. Although multiple MCC have been described, they are rare, and metastases must be excluded. We report a case of a 59-year-old white male who presented with abrupt onset of multiple small bluish papules on his frontal scalp. On low power, the tumor had the overall histological silhouette of a nodular basal cell carcinoma. However, because of the lack of an epithelial connection and the cell's cytomorphological features, a MCC was considered and was subsequently confirmed using immunohistochemical stains. The MCC described in this report is unusual in that it presented as multiple cutaneous lesions that arose synchronously, along with micrometastases to sentinel lymph nodes. C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Dermatopathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [DeRienzo, Damian P.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Dermatopathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0303-6987 EI 1600-0560 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 685 EP 691 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00874.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 311PY UT WOS:000256613300014 PM 18331571 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI Understanding the boundary stencil effects on the adjacent field resolution in compact finite differences SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SCHEMES AB When establishing the spatial resolution character of a composite compact finite differencing template for high-order field solutions, the stencils selected at nonperiodic boundaries are commonly treated independent of the interior scheme. This position quantifies a false influence of the boundary scheme on the resultant interior dispersive and dissipative consequences of the compound template. Of the three ingredients inherent in the composite template, only its numerical accuracy and global stability have been properly treated in a coupled fashion. Herein, we present a companion means for quantifying the resultant spatial resolution properties that lead to improved predictions of the salient problem physics. Compact boundary stencils with free parameters to minimize the field dispersion (or phase error) and dissipation are included in the procedure. Application of the coupled templates for resolving the viscous Burgers wave and two-dimensional acoustic scattering reveal significant differences in the predictive error. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2008 VL 130 IS 7 AR 074502 DI 10.1115/1.2948366 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 329OX UT WOS:000257878800012 ER PT J AU Miklosovic, DS AF Miklosovic, David S. TI Analytic and experimental investigation of dihedral configurations of three-winglet planforms SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE multiple winglets; wind tunnel; vortex lattice; drag reduction ID DESIGN; DRAG AB An analytic and experimental effort was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of three winglets mounted chordwise to the tip of a rectangular wing. The winglets, with an aspect ratio of 4.6, were mounted on a half-span wing having an effective aspect ratio of 6.29. 13 configurations of varying dihedral arrangements were analyzed with a vortex lattice method and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 600,000. While the analytic method provided fair agreement with the experimental results, the predicted trends in lift, drag, and (to a lesser degree) pitching moment were in good agreement. The analytic distributions of wake velocity, circulation, and downwash angle verified that highly nonplanar configurations tended to reduce and diffuse the regions of highest circulation and to create more moderate downwash angles in the wake. This was manifest as an overall drag reduction. More specifically, the results showed that the winglets could be placed in various optimum orientations to increase the lift coefficient as much as 65% at the same angle of attack, decrease the drag coefficient as much as 54% at the same lift coefficient, or improve the maximum L/D by up to 57%. The most dramatic findings from this study show that positioning the winglet dihedral angles had the result of adjusting the magnitude and slope of the pitching moment coefficient. These observations suggest that multiple winglet dihedral variations may be feasible for use as actively controlled surfaces to improve the performance of aircraft at various flight conditions and to "tune" the longitudinal stability characteristics of the configuration. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miklosovic, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,MS 11B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2008 VL 130 IS 7 AR 071103 DI 10.1115/1.2948372 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 329OX UT WOS:000257878800003 ER PT J AU Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Jones, KD Ghabcheloo, R AF Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N. Kaminer, Isaac I. Jones, Kevin D. Ghabcheloo, Reza TI Vision-based tracking and motion estimation for moving targets using unmanned air vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NAVIGATION AB This paper addresses the development of a vision-based target tracking system for a small unmanned air vehicle. The algorithm performs autonomous tracking of a moving target, while simultaneously estimating geographic coordinates, speed, and heading of the target. Tight real-time integration of unmanned air vehicle's video and telemetry data streams with georeferenced database allows for reliable target identification, increased precision, and shortened time of target motion estimation. A low-cost off-the-shelf system is used, with a modified radiocontrolled aircraft airframe, gas engine, and servos. Tracking is enabled using a low-cost, miniature pan-tilt gimbal. The control algorithm provides rapid target acquisition and tracking capability. A target motion estimator was designed and shown in multiple flight tests to provide reasonable targeting accuracy. The impact of tracking loss events on the control and estimation algorithms is analyzed in detail. C1 [Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N.; Kaminer, Isaac I.; Jones, Kevin D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ghabcheloo, Reza] IST, ISR, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Dobrokhodov, VN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 907 EP 917 DI 10.2514/1.33206 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 324YW UT WOS:000257556300011 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, Fariba Ross, I. Michael TI Pseudospectral methods for infinite-horizon optimal control problems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; FEEDBACK AB A central computational issue in solving infinite-horizon nonlinear optimal control problems is the treatment of the horizon. In this paper, we directly address this issue by a domain transformation technique that maps the infinite horizon to a finite horizon. The transformed finite horizon serves as the computational domain for an application of pseudospectral methods. Although any pseudospectral method may be used, we focus on the Legendre pseudospectral method. It is shown that the proper class of Legendre pseudospectral methods to solve infinite-horizon problems are the Radau-based methods with weighted interpolants. This is in sharp contrast to the unweighted pseudospectral techniques for optimal control. The Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method is thus developed to solve nonlinear constrained optimal control problems. An application of the covector mapping principle for the Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method generates a covector mapping theorem that provides an efficient approach for the verification and validation of the extremality of the computed solution. Several example problems are solved to illustrate the ideas. C1 [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 44 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.2514/1.33117 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 324YW UT WOS:000257556300013 ER PT J AU Hastings, AS Urick, VJ Sunderman, C Diehl, JF McKinney, JD Tulchinsky, DA Devgan, PS Williams, KJ AF Hastings, Alexander S. Urick, Vincent J. Sunderman, Christopher Diehl, John F. McKinney, Jason D. Tulchinsky, David A. Devgan, Preetpaul S. Williams, Keith J. TI Suppression of Even-Order Photodiode Nonlinearities in Multioctave Photonic Links SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HF radio communication; microwave photonics; nonlinearities; photodiodes ID ANALOG FIBEROPTIC LINKS; MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; TELESCOPE ARRAY; NOISE-FIGURE; OPTIC LINK AB A balanced photonic receiver is demonstrated to suppress photodiode-generated even-order nonlinearities in a photonic link. This result is especially important for multioctave analog applications. Experimental results are presented for a high-frequency (2-30 MHz) link exhibiting 33-dB suppression of the second harmonic, resulting in an output intercept point of 99 dBm due to second-order intermodulation distortion at 26-mA average photocurrent. C1 [Hastings, Alexander S.; Urick, Vincent J.; Sunderman, Christopher; Diehl, John F.; McKinney, Jason D.; Tulchinsky, David A.; Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hastings, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alex.hastings@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 13-16 BP 2557 EP 2562 DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.927180 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 372AO UT WOS:000260874000095 ER PT J AU Haas, BM Urick, VJ McKinney, JD Murphy, TE AF Haas, Bryan M. Urick, Vincent J. McKinney, Jason D. Murphy, Thomas E. TI Dual-Wavelength Linearization of Optically Phase-Modulated Analog Microwave Signals SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Analog optical links; microwave photonics intermodulation distortion; phase modulation; polarization ID INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; DYNAMIC-RANGE; LINKS; TRANSMISSION AB We demonstrate a new technique for improving the linearity of a microwave photonic signal transmission link. The method employs a single conventional lithium-niobate phase modulator at the transmitter, with two different C-band optical wavelengths that are polarized along orthogonal axes of the modulator. The spurious-free dynamic range is shown to improve by 15 dB compared to a single-wavelength unlinearized system. Unlike earlier schemes that require continuous control and adjustment at the transmitter in order to maintain linearity, the new method enables all of the linearization to be controlled at the receiver end. C1 [Haas, Bryan M.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Urick, Vincent J.; McKinney, Jason D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Haas, BM (reprint author), Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bmhaas@lps.umd.edu; vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; jdm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; tem@umd.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 13-16 BP 2748 EP 2753 DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.925656 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 372AO UT WOS:000260874000121 ER PT J AU Johnson, C Baird, R Dougherty, PHE Globe, G Green, BN Haneline, M Hawk, C Injeyan, HS Killinger, L Kopansky-Giles, D Lisi, AJ Mior, SA Smith, M AF Johnson, Claire Baird, Rand Dougherty, Paul H. E. Globe, Gary Green, Bart N. Haneline, Michael Hawk, Cheryl Injeyan, H. Stephen Killinger, Lisa Kopansky-Giles, Deborah Lisi, Anthony J. Mior, Silvano A. Smith, Monica TI Chiropractic and public health: Current state and future vision SO JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE chiropractic; public health; preventive health services; health promotion; immunization; geriatrics; military personnel; delivery of health care; integrated; evidence-based medicine ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; IMAGING PRACTICE GUIDELINES; MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS; INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION; EXTREMITY DISORDERS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; IRAQI FREEDOM; NECK PAIN; CARE; ADULTS AB This article provides an overview of primary chiropractic issues as they relate to public health. This collaborative summary documents the chiropractic profession's current involvement in public health, reflects on past barrier's that may have prevented full participation within the public health movement, and Summarizes the relationship of current chiropractic and public health topics. Topics discussed include how the chiropractic profession participates in preventive health services, health promotion, immunization, geriatrics, health care in a military environment, and interdisciplinary care. C1 [Johnson, Claire; Green, Bart N.] Natl Univ Hlth Sci, Lombard, IL 60148 USA. [Johnson, Claire] So Calif Univ Hlth Sci, Whittier, CA 90604 USA. [Dougherty, Paul H. E.] New York Chiropract Coll, Seneca Falls, NY 13148 USA. [Globe, Gary; Hawk, Cheryl] Cleveland Chiropract Coll, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Green, Bart N.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Phys & Occupat Therapy, Chiropract Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Haneline, Michael] Palmer Coll Chiropract W, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Injeyan, H. Stephen; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Mior, Silvano A.] Canadian Mem Chiropract Coll, Toronto, ON M2H 3J1, Canada. [Killinger, Lisa] Palmer Coll Chiropract, Davenport, IA 52803 USA. [Lisi, Anthony J.] Univ Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06601 USA. [Hawk, Cheryl] Cleveland Chiropract Coll, Kansas City, MO 64131 USA. RP Johnson, C (reprint author), Natl Univ Hlth Sci, 200 E Rossevelt Rd, Lombard, IL 60148 USA. EM cjohnson@nuhs.edu OI Green, DC, MSEd, PhD, Bart N./0000-0002-9906-6397; Haneline, Michael/0000-0001-8493-043X; Johnson, Claire/0000-0001-9616-6205 NR 98 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-4754 J9 J MANIP PHYSIOL THER JI J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.07.001 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation GA 344DT UT WOS:000258906900001 PM 18722194 ER PT J AU Tucker, E AF Tucker, Ernest TI Mystics, monarchs, and messiahs: Cultural landscapes of early modern Iran SO JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Tucker, Ernest] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tucker, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2968 J9 J NEAR EASTERN STUD JI J. Near East. Stud. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 67 IS 3 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1086/591768 PG 4 WC Archaeology; Asian Studies SC Archaeology; Asian Studies GA 337GB UT WOS:000258422400028 ER PT J AU Kunal, K Paluch, M Roland, CM Puskas, JE Chen, Y Sokolov, AP AF Kunal, K. Paluch, M. Roland, C. M. Puskas, J. E. Chen, Y. Sokolov, A. P. TI Polyisobutylene: A most unusual polymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric relaxation; fragility; glass transition; light scattering; mechanical spectroscopy; polyisobutylene; Raman spectroscopy; structure-property relationship ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LENGTH-SCALE; WEIGHT; DEPENDENCE; FRAGILITY; LIQUIDS; MOTION AB The influence of molecular weight, M, on the fragility and fast dynamics in polyisobutylene (PIB) was studied using dielectric and mechanical relaxation spectroscopies, calorimetry, and Raman spectroscopy. The measurements indicate a decrease in fragility with increasing M for shorter chains, in the range of M where T-g is M-dependent. Such behavior is not observed for other polymers and is at odds with traditional theoretical models that predict an increase in fragility with chain length. These results confirm the unusual character of PlB, as evident in various properties including extremely low gas permeability, a low fragility, and a segmental relaxation spectrum much broader than expected for a low-fragility material. The reason for this anomalous behavior remains unclear, but might be related to the symmetric structure of the PIB repeat unit, together with comparable flexibility of both structural components, the backbone and side groups. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kunal, K.; Puskas, J. E.; Chen, Y.; Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Paluch, M.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sokolov, AP (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 13 BP 1390 EP 1399 DI 10.1002/polb.21473 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 319GX UT WOS:000257153200010 ER PT J AU Day, RM Barshishat-Kupper, M Mog, SR McCart, EA Prasanna, PGS Davis, TA Landauer, MR AF Day, Regina M. Barshishat-Kupper, Michal Mog, Steven R. McCart, Elizabeth A. Prasanna, P. G. S. Davis, Thomas A. Landauer, Michael R. TI Genistein protects against biomarkers of delayed lung sequelae in mice surviving high-dose total body irradiation SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Lung-Association/American-Thoracic-Society International Conference (ALA/ATS) CY MAY 19, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Lung Assoc, Amer Thorac Soc ID INDUCED PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; BETA TYPE-I; IONIZING-RADIATION; CANCER CELLS; RAT LUNG; INJURY; BLEOMYCIN; APOPTOSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Total body irradiation/Lung fibrosis/Genistein/Radioprotection/Micronuclei/Pneumonitis. The effects of genistein on 30-day survival and delayed lung injury were examined in C57BL/6J female mice. A single subcutaneous injection of vehicle (PEG-400) or genistein (200 mg/kg) was administered 24 h before total body irradiation (7.75 Gy Co-60. 0.6 Gy/min). Experimental groups were: No treatment + Sham (NC), Vehicle + Sham (VC), Genistein + Sham (GC), Radiation only (NR), Vehicle + Radiation (VR), Genistein + Radiation (GR). Thirty-day survivals after 7.75 Gy were: NR 23%, VR 53% and GR 92%, indicating significant protection from acute radiation injury by genistein. Genistein also mitigated radiation-induced weight loss on days 13-28 postirradiation. First generation lung fibroblasts were analyzed for micronuclei 24 h postirradiation. Fibroblasts from the lungs of GR-treated mice had significantly reduced micronuclei compared with NR mice. Collagen deposition was examined by histochemical staining. At 90 days postirradiation one half of the untreated and vehicle irradiated mice had focal distributions of small collagen-rich plaques in the lungs, whereas all of the genistein-treated animals had morphologically normal lungs. Radiation reduced the expression of COX-2, transforming growth factor-receptor (TGF beta R) I and II at 90 days after irradiation. Genistein prevented the reduction in TGF beta RI. However, by 180 days postirradiation, these proteins normalized in all groups. These results demonstrate that genistein protects against acute radiation-induced mortality in female mice and that GR-treated mice have C reduced lung damage compared to NR or VR. These data suggest that genistein is protective against a range of radiation injuries. C1 [Day, Regina M.; Barshishat-Kupper, Michal] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Mog, Steven R.; McCart, Elizabeth A.; Prasanna, P. G. S.; Landauer, Michael R.] Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. [Davis, Thomas A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Day, RM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM rday@usuhs.mil FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 73929, R01 HL073929-04, R01 HL073929] NR 63 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1269/jrr.07121 PG 12 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 350FF UT WOS:000259337400004 PM 18434686 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Crocker, DE Finneran, JJ AF Houser, Dorian S. Crocker, Daniel E. Finneran, James J. TI Click-evoked potentials in a large marine mammal, the adult male northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; HEAD SIZE; LATENCY; DOGS AB Auditory evoked potential (AEP) hearing studies in marine mammals should consider an expected size-dependent reduction in AEP amplitude. This study is the first to measure the click-evoked response in a large marine mammal, the adult male elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Click stimuli were presented at peak-peak equivalent sound pressure levels of 117-118 dB re: 20 mu Pa. Three positive peaks (P1-P3) and two negative peaks (N4 and N5) were observed in the AEP. Response latencies were longer than previously observed in a 1.8 yr old seal and the maximum peak-peak amplitude was comparatively reduced by more than 60%. The inverse relationship between size and AEP amplitude will likely require increased averaging with larger subjects and possibly modifications to electrode placement and design in order to increase the quality of recorded evoked responses. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Houser, Dorian S.] BIOMIMETICA, La Mesa, CA 92071 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), BIOMIMETICA, 7951 Shantung Dr, La Mesa, CA 92071 USA. OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1121/1.2932063 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 327ZW UT WOS:000257768000005 PM 18646953 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Temporal coherence of sound transmissions in deep water revisited SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHALLOW-WATER; INTERNAL WAVES; BASIN SCALES; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; SIGNALS; TIME AB This paper examines the signal coherence loss due to internal waves in deep water in terms of the signal coherence time and compare to data reported in the literature over the past 35 years. The coherence time of the early raylike arrivals was previously modeled by Munk and Zachariasen ["Sound propagation through a fluctuating stratified ocean: Theory and observation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 818-838 (1976)] using the supereikonal approximation and by Dashen ["Path-integral treatment of acoustic mutual coherence functions for arrays in a sound channel," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 1716-1722 (1985)] using the path integral approach; a -1/2 power frequency dependence and a -3/2 power range dependence were predicted. Recent data in shallow water in downward refractive environments with internal waves suggested that the signal coherence time of the mode arrivals follows a -3/2 power frequency dependence and a -1/2 power range dependence. Since the temporal coherence of the acoustic signal is related to the temporal coherence of the internal waves, based on the observation that the (linear) internal waves in deep and shallow waters have a similar frequency spectrum, it is argued that the modelike arrivals in deep water should exhibit a similar frequency dependence in deep and shallow waters. This argument is supported by a brute-force application of the path integral to mode arrivals based on the WKB relation between the ray and mode. It is found that the data are consistent with the -3/2 power frequency dependence but more data are needed to further test the hypothesis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1121/1.2932337 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 327ZW UT WOS:000257768000011 PM 18646959 ER PT J AU Lonzaga, JB Thiessen, DB Marston, PL AF Lonzaga, Joel B. Thiessen, David B. Marston, Philip L. TI Uniformly valid solution for acoustic propagation in weakly tapered circular waveguides: Liquid jet example SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FLOWS AB The propagation of ultrasound down laminar liquid jets has potential applications to the stimulation of liquid drop production [J. B. Lonzaga, C. F. Osterhoudt, D. B. Thiessen, and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3323-3330 (2007)] as well as to the coupling of ultrasound to objects through contact with a jet. In normal gravity, a jet issuing from a nozzle becomes tapered as the jet accelerates downward. A uniformly valid solution for the acoustic propagation in a weakly tapered, liquid jet waveguide in air with a turning point is derived using Langer's transformation and the method of multiple scales. The loss of energy from transmission into the air and from thermal viscous absorption is neglected. A solvability condition is used to obtain the leading-order correction due to the taper of the waveguide. This asymptotic solution is validated using finite-element numerical calculations. The ultrasonic wave amplitude is enhanced in the region of the jet close to the cutoff of the excited mode. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Lonzaga, Joel B.; Thiessen, David B.; Marston, Philip L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lonzaga, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW Code 7123, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Thiessen, David/A-2731-2011 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1121/1.2932348 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 327ZW UT WOS:000257768000014 PM 18646962 ER PT J AU Branstetter, BK Finneran, JJ AF Branstetter, Brian K. Finneran, James J. TI Comodulation masking release in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RECEIVING BEAM PATTERNS; AUDITORY FILTER SHAPES; HEARING THRESHOLDS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SPECTRAL WEIGHTS; LEVEL-INVARIANT; NOISE; CUES; BAND; PORPOISE AB The acoustic environment of the bottlenose dolphin often consists of noise where energy across frequency regions is coherently modulated in time (e.g., ambient noise from snapping shrimp). However, most masking studies with dolphins have employed random Gaussian noise for estimating patterns of masked thresholds. The current study demonstrates a pattern of masking where temporally fluctuating comodulated noise produces lower masked thresholds (up to a 17 dB difference) compared to Gaussian noise of the same spectral density level. Noise possessing wide bandwidths, low temporal modulation rates, and across-frequency temporal envelope coherency resulted in lower masked thresholds, a phenomenon known as comodulation masking release. The results are consistent with a model where dolphins compare temporal envelope information across auditory filters to aid in signal detection. Furthermore, results suggest conventional models of masking derived from experiments using random Gaussian noise may not generalize well to environmental noise that dolphins actually encounter. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Branstetter, Brian K.; Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Branstetter, BK (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM branstet@hawaii.edu NR 56 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1121/1.2918545 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 327ZW UT WOS:000257768000056 PM 18647004 ER PT J AU Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA Opeka, MM AF Talmy, Inna G. Zaykoski, James A. Opeka, Mark M. TI High-temperature chemistry and oxidation of ZrB(2) ceramics containing SiC, Si(3)N(4), Ta(5)Si(3), and TaSi(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIUM; RESISTANCE; ADDITIONS; DIBORIDE; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of Si(3)N(4), Ta(5)Si(3), and TaSi(2) additions on the oxidation behavior of ZrB(2) was characterized at 1200 degrees-1500 degrees C and compared with both ZrB(2) and ZrB(2)/SiC. Significantly improved oxidation resistance of all Si-containing compositions relative to ZrB(2) was a result of the formation of a protective layer of borosilicate glass during exposure to the oxidizing environment. Oxidation resistance of the Si(3)N(4)-modified ceramics increased with increasing Si(3)N(4) content and was further improved by the addition of Cr and Ta diborides. Chromium and tantalum oxides induced phase separation in the borosilicate glass, which lead to an increase in liquidus temperature and viscosity and to a decrease in oxygen diffusivity and of boria evaporation from the glass. All tantalum silicide-containing compositions demonstrated phase separation in the borosilicate glass and higher oxidation resistance than pure ZrB(2), with the effect increasing with temperature. The most oxidation-resistant ceramics contained 15 vol% Ta(5)Si(3), 30 vol% TaSi(2), 35 vol% Si(3)N(4), or 20 vol% Si(3)N(4) with 10 mol% CrB(2). These materials exceeded the oxidation resistance of the ZrB(2)/SiC ceramics below 1300 degrees-1400 degrees C. However, the ZrB(2)/SiC ceramics showed slightly superior oxidation resistance at 1500 degrees C. C1 [Talmy, Inna G.; Zaykoski, James A.; Opeka, Mark M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Talmy, IG (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM inna.talmy@navy.mil NR 36 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2250 EP 2257 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02420.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 327DF UT WOS:000257709100029 ER PT J AU Ge, XY Li, T Wang, YQ Peng, MS AF Ge, Xuyang Li, Tim Wang, Yuqing Peng, Melinda S. TI Tropical cyclone energy dispersion in a three-dimensional primitive equation model: Upper-tropospheric influence SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROSSBY-WAVE RADIATION; PART II; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; BETA-DRIFT; HURRICANE INTENSIFICATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; PREEXISTING TYPHOON; BAROCLINIC VORTICES; INTENSITY CHANGES AB The three-dimensional (3D) Rossby wave energy dispersion of a tropical cyclone (TC) is studied using a baroclinic primitive equation model. The model is initialized with a symmetric vortex on a beta plane in an environment at rest. The vortex intensifies while becoming asymmetric and moving northwestward because of the beta effect. A synoptic-scale wave train forms in its wake a few days later. The energy-dispersion-induced Rossby wave train has a noticeable baroclinic structure with alternating cyclonic-anticyclonic cyclonic (anticyclonic-cyclonic-anticyclonic) circulations in the lower (upper) troposphere. A key feature associated with the 3D wave train development is a downward propagation of the relative vorticity and kinetic energy. Because of the vertical differential inertial stability, the upper-level wave train develops faster than the lower-level counterpart. The upper anticyclonic circulation rapidly induces an intense asymmetric outflow jet in the southeast quadrant, and then further influences the lower-level Rossby wave train. On one hand, the outflow jet exerts an indirect effect on the lower-level wave train strength through changing TC intensity and structure. On the other hand, it triggers downward energy propagation that further enhances the lower-level Rossby wave train. A sudden removal of the diabatic heating may initially accelerate the energy dispersion through the increase of the radius of maximum wind and the reduction of the lower-level inflow. The latter may modulate the group velocity of the Rossby wave train through the Doppler shift effect. The 3D numerical results illustrate more complicated Rossby wave energy dispersion characteristics than 2D barotropic dynamics. C1 [Ge, Xuyang; Li, Tim; Wang, Yuqing] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ge, Xuyang; Li, Tim; Wang, Yuqing] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ge, XY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xuyang@hawaii.edu NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 7 BP 2272 EP 2289 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2431.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KB UT WOS:000257796200013 ER PT J AU Nelson, TJ Clark, T Stedje-Larsen, ET Lewis, CT Grueskin, JM Echols, EL Wall, DB Felger, EA Bohman, HR AF Nelson, Thomas J. Clark, Travis Stedje-Larsen, Eric T. Lewis, Christopher T. Grueskin, James M. Echols, Eddy L. Wall, Derek B. Felger, Erin A. Bohman, Harold R. TI Close proximity blast injury patterns from improvised explosive devices in Iraq: A report of 18 cases SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID FREEDOM; SYSTEM C1 1st Marine Expeditionary Force, Med Battal 1, Forward Resuscitat Surg Syst 2, Al Anbar, Iraq. 1st Marine Expeditionary Force, Med Battal 1, Shock Trauma Platoon 4, Al Anbar, Iraq. RP Nelson, TJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM tjnelson@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000196010.50246.9a PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 327ZP UT WOS:000257767300034 PM 17514045 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS AF Riddle, Mark S. TI There is more to the story SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; METAANALYSIS C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328KT UT WOS:000257798000012 PM 18666930 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Burnette, J Fischer, GA Cheng, SF Egelhoff, WF Pong, PWT McMichael, RD Nowak, ER AF Edelstein, A. S. Burnette, J. Fischer, G. A. Cheng, S. F. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Pong, P. W. T. McMichael, R. D. Nowak, E. R. TI Advances in magnetometry through miniaturization SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC SENSORS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; NOISE; FLUCTUATIONS AB Recent innovations may lead to magnetic sensors that are smaller, more sensitive, and/or cost less than current magnetometers. Examples of this are the chip scale atomic magnetometer, magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers, and a device for minimizing the effect of I If noise, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator. In the chip scale atomic magnetometer, researchers have been able to fabricate the light source, optics, heater, optical cell, and photodiode detector in a stack that passes through a silicon wafer. Theoretical and subsequent experimental work has led to the observation of magnetoresistance values of 400% at room temperature in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barriers. This large magnetoresistance occurs because electrons in the majority band can tunnel more easily through the MgO barrier than electrons in the minority band. The MEMS flux concentrator has the potential to increase the sensitivity of magnetic sensors at low frequencies by more than an order of magnitude. The MEMS flux concentrator does this by shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where the I If noise is much smaller. The shift occurs because the motion of flux concentrators on MEMS flaps modulates the field at kilohertz frequencies at the position of the sensor. Though miniaturization is generally beneficial, trade-offs are necessary because some properties, such as noise, worsen with decreasing size. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Edelstein, A. S.; Burnette, J.; Fischer, G. A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cheng, S. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.; Pong, P. W. T.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nowak, E. R.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1116/1.2841516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323DM UT WOS:000257424200034 ER PT J AU VanMil, BL Stahlbush, RE Myers-Ward, RL Lew, KK Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF VanMil, B. L. Stahlbush, R. E. Myers-Ward, R. L. Lew, K. -K. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. TI Basal plane dislocation reduction for 8 degrees off-cut, 4H-SiC using in situ variable temperature growth interruptions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; EPITAXY; DEFECTS; DEVICES; DIODES AB In situ growth interrupts were executed during the growth of 8 degrees off-cut 4H-SiC epitaxial layers to determine the dependence of the efficiency for converting basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to threading edge dislocations (TEDs) on the interrupt temperature. Three samples were grown with 15 min growth interrupts executed near the middle of a 30-40 mu m thick, n-type doped layer at 1400, 1500, and 1580 degrees C. Ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) mapping of these layers reveals the BPDs and permits the observation of how these defects extend into and through the epilayer. From the lateral length of the BPDs in the UVPL wafer map, it was determined whether or not the BPD converted into a TED at the growth interrupt interface. The percentage of BPDs that converted for the 1400, 1500, and 1580 degrees C interrupts were 20%, 28%, and 51%, respectively. The proposed cause for the higher conversion rate at the interrupt temperature of 1580 degrees C is the higher etching rate that occurs at this temperature, and it is presumed that there is an enhanced etch rate where the BPD intersects the surface which will result in etch pit decorations. It was also observed that no new in-grown stacking faults formed at the growth interrupt interface, as has been observed for ex situ growth interrupts. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [VanMil, B. L.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Lew, K. -K.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP VanMil, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Code 6880,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bvanmil@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU ASEE-NRL; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Three of the authors, B. L. VanM., R. L. M.-W., and K.-K. L. acknowledge support from the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1504 EP 1507 DI 10.1116/1.2918317 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 338GM UT WOS:000258494400044 ER PT J AU Raviprakash, K Wang, D Ewing, D Holman, DH Block, K Woraratanadharm, J Chen, L Hayes, C Dong, JY Porter, K AF Raviprakash, Kanakatte Wang, Danher Ewing, Dan Holman, David H. Block, Karla Woraratanadharm, Jan Chen, Lan Hayes, Curtis Dong, John Y. Porter, Kevin TI A tetravalent dengue vaccine based on a complex adenovirus vector provides significant protection in rhesus monkeys against all four serotypes of dengue virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; LIVE FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FORMULATIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; RECOMBINANT; CANDIDATES; CHALLENGE; SAFETY AB Nearly a third of the human population is at risk of infection with the four serotypes of dengue viruses, and it is estimated that more than 100 million infections occur each year. A licensed vaccine for dengue viruses has become a global health priority. A major challenge to developing a dengue vaccine is the necessity to produce fairly uniform protective immune responses to all four dengue virus serotypes. We have developed two bivalent dengue virus vaccines, using a complex adenovirus vector, by incorporating the genes expressing premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of dengue virus types 1 and 2 (dengue-1 and -2, respectively) (CAdVax-Den12) or dengue-3 and -4 (CAdVax-Den34). Rhesus macaques were vaccinated by intramuscular inoculation of a tetravalent dengue vaccine formulated by combining the two bivalent vaccine constructs. Vaccinated animals produced high-titer antibodies that neutralized all four serotypes of dengue viruses in vitro. The ability of the vaccine to induce rapid, as well as sustained, protective immune responses was examined with two separate live-virus challenges administered at 4 and 24 weeks after the final vaccination. For both of these virus challenge studies, significant protection from viremia was demonstrated for all four dengue virus serotypes in vaccinated animals. Viremia from dengue-1 and dengue-3 challenges was completely blocked, whereas viremia from dengue-2 and dengue-4 was significantly reduced, as well as delayed, compared to that of control-vaccinated animals. These results demonstrate that the tetravalent dengue vaccine formulation provides significant protection in rhesus macaques against challenge with all four dengue virus serotypes. C1 [Raviprakash, Kanakatte; Ewing, Dan; Block, Karla; Chen, Lan; Porter, Kevin] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Raviprakash, Kanakatte; Porter, Kevin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dong, John Y.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Wang, Danher; Holman, David H.; Woraratanadharm, Jan; Dong, John Y.] GenPhar Inc, Mt Pleasant, SC USA. RP Raviprakash, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kanakatte.raviprakas@med.navy.mil RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 39 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 82 IS 14 BP 6927 EP 6934 DI 10.1128/JVI.02724-07 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 324UQ UT WOS:000257545300014 PM 18480438 ER PT J AU Ito, T Forman, SM Cao, C Li, F Eddy, CR Mastro, MA Holm, RT Henry, RL Hohn, KL Edgar, JH AF Ito, Takashi Forman, Sarah M. Cao, Chundi Li, Feng Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Mastro, Michael A. Holm, Ronald T. Henry, Richard L. Hohn, Keith L. Edgar, J. H. TI Self-assembled monolayers of alkylphosphonic acid on GaN substrates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM SURFACE; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ALKANEPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; PHOSPHONIC ACID; FILMS; OXIDE; TRANSISTORS AB In this paper we describe the formation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) on epitaxial (0001) GaN films on sapphire. By immersing the substrate in its toluene solution, ODPA strongly adsorbed onto UV/O(3)-treated GaN to give a hydrophobic surface. Spectroscopic ellipsometry verified the formation of a well-packed monolayer of ODPA on the GaN substrate. In contrast, adsorption of other primarily substituted hydrocarbons (C(n)H(2n+1)X; n = 16-18; X = -COOH, -NH(2), -SH, and -OH) offered less hydrophobic surfaces, reflecting their weaker interaction with the GaN substrate surfaces. A UV/O(3)-treated N-polar GaN had a high affinity to the -COOH group in addition to ODPA, possibly reflecting the basic properties of the surface. These observations suggested that the molecular adsorption was primarily based on hydrogen bond interactions between the surface oxide layer on the GaN substrate and the polar functional groups of the molecules. The as-prepared ODPA monolayers were desorbed from the GaN substrates by soaking in an aqueous solution, particularly in a basic solution. However, ODPA monolayers heated at 160 degrees C exhibited suppressed desorption in acidic and neutral aqueous solution maybe due to covalent bond formation between ODPA and the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided insight into the effect of the UV/O(3) treatment on the surface composition of the GaN substrate and also the ODPA monolayer formation. These results demonstrate that the surface of a GaN substrate can be tailored with organic molecules having an alkylphosphonic acid moiety for future sensor and device applications. C1 [Ito, Takashi; Forman, Sarah M.; Li, Feng] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cao, Chundi; Hohn, Keith L.; Edgar, J. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Mastro, Michael A.; Holm, Ronald T.; Henry, Richard L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ito, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ito@ksu.edu RI Ito, Takashi/A-4193-2008 OI Ito, Takashi/0000-0001-7443-3157 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 13 BP 6630 EP 6635 DI 10.1021/la800716r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 318OI UT WOS:000257101100035 PM 18522438 ER PT J AU Busemann, H Nguyen, AN Nittler, LR Stroud, RM Zega, TJ Kilcoyne, ALD Hoppe, P Cody, GD AF Busemann, H. Nguyen, A. N. Nittler, L. R. Stroud, R. M. Zega, T. J. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Hoppe, P. Cody, G. D. TI Primitive interplanetary dust from comet 26p/Grigg-Skjellerup (?) Diversity and similarities among Jupiter-family comets SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID 81P/WILD-2; MICROSCOPE C1 [Busemann, H.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Stroud, R. M.; Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Busemann, H.; Nguyen, A. N.; Nittler, L. R.; Cody, G. D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoppe, P.] MPI Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM h.busemann@open.ac.uk RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A30 EP A30 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100037 ER PT J AU Messenger, S Ito, M Joswiak, DJ Keller, LP Stroud, RM Nakamura-Messenger, K Matrajt, G Brownlee, DE AF Messenger, S. Ito, M. Joswiak, D. J. Keller, L. P. Stroud, R. M. Nakamura-Messenger, K. Matrajt, G. Brownlee, D. E. TI Oxygen isotopic compositions of wild 2 silicates SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Messenger, S.; Ito, M.; Keller, L. P.; Nakamura-Messenger, K.] NASA, JSC, ARES, Robert M Walker Lab Space Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Joswiak, D. J.; Matrajt, G.; Brownlee, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nakamura-Messenger, K.] NASA, JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. EM scott.r.messenger@nasa.gov RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100171 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Nguyen, AN Alexander, CMO Nittler, LR Stadermann, FJ AF Stroud, R. M. Nguyen, A. N. Alexander, C. M. O'D. Nittler, L. R. Stadermann, F. J. TI Transmission electron microscopy of in situ presolar silicates in Allan hills 77307 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Stroud, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, A. N.; Alexander, C. M. O'D.; Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Stadermann, F. J.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100274 ER PT J AU Duplessis, CA Gumpert, B AF Duplessis, Christopher A. Gumpert, Barton TI Inhalational diesel exhaust exposure in submariners: Observational study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIRWAYS DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; CHLORINE; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE; RADS AB Objective: An observational study was performed with a convenience sample of 38 submariners exposed to diesel exhaust for 9 hours, to assess the development of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) after prophylactic corticosteroid treatment. Methods: Twenty-four subjects were available for baseline physical examinations, pulmonary function tests, and chest radiographs, and 16 more subjects were available for interviews; 30 subjects were available for 6-month follow-up surveys. Subjects were treated on the basis of presenting symptoms; 19 subjects were treated with a 10-day course of orally administered prednisone, accompanied by 30 days of inhaled fluticasone/salmeterol therapy. Results: There were no cases of RADS diagnosed at 6-month follow-up evaluations. Conclusion: There were no cases of RADS diagnosed at 6-month follow-up evaluations in submariners with uncontrolled, isolated, heavy diesel exhaust exposure, despite many initial symptoms that portended the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported case study of corticosteroid treatment initiated with an expressed intention to prevent the development of RADS after an isolated diesel exhaust exposure. Although we cannot prove that early intervention with corticosteroids prevented RADS, we think that the implementation of prompt prophylactic treatment expedited symptom resolution and might have prevented RADS development, on the basis of previous historical control data. RADS resulting from diesel exhaust may be an important public health issue, and our hope is to promote increased recognition of the diagnosis, which often is not suspected upon initial presentation but is delayed by up to several years. Increasing awareness may prompt pursuit of more-aggressive interventions with acute and protracted corticosteroid treatment and execution of the necessary controlled trials to establish treatment efficacy in mitigating the severity and/or circumventing the development of RADS. C1 [Duplessis, Christopher A.; Gumpert, Barton] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Duplessis, CA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 173 IS 7 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 328CH UT WOS:000257774600011 PM 18700602 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Hughes, JR Boothe, MA AF Elsberry, Russell L. Hughes, James R. Boothe, Mark A. TI Weighted position and motion vector consensus of tropical cyclone track prediction in the western North Pacific SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE; MODELS AB Two approaches are developed and tested to improve the unweighted position consensus for 96-, 108-, and 120-h tropical cyclone track guidance in the western North Pacific. A weighted position guidance technique uses a weighting factor for each model that is inversely proportional to how far the 60-, 66-, and 72-h positions of that model are from the corresponding positions of the 11-member position consensus. The weighted position consensus of 96-, 108-, and 120-h track errors for a sample of 24 storms during the 2006 season are consistently smaller than for the unweighted position consensus. In the second approach, a weighted motion vector consensus is developed that uses the same weighting factors as in the weighted position consensus, except that the weights are applied to 12-h motion vectors between 84 and 120 h. This weighted motion vector consensus has substantially smaller errors than the unweighted position consensus, and results in smoother tracks when one or more of the model tracks drops out of the consensus. It is proposed that the weighted motion vector consensus would provide improved guidance for the 96-, 108-, and 120-h tropical cyclone track forecasts. C1 [Elsberry, Russell L.; Hughes, James R.; Boothe, Mark A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2478 EP 2487 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2262.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900012 ER PT J AU Laing, A LaJoie, M Reader, S Pfeiffer, K AF Laing, Arlene LaJoie, Mark Reader, Steven Pfeiffer, Karl TI The influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on cloud-to-ground lightning activity along the Gulf Coast. Part II: Monthly correlations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; US TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; HURRICANES; DAMAGES; EVENT AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle is known to influence weather and climate along the Gulf Coast region, causing anomalously high precipitation during El Nino winters. This region is also known for having the highest lightning flash density in the United States. An 8-yr dataset (1995 -2002) of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes was analyzed to determine if the ENSO cycle influences lighting activity along the Gulf Coast region. Simple Pearson's correlations were computed between concurrent monthly pairings of Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) and CG lightning flash deviation values from the study area. The correlation results are mapped and analyzed for links to meteorological features. Statistically significant correlation values greater than 0.8 were noted over large swaths of the study area during each winter month. The highest correlations were arranged in banded swaths and associated with regions of low flash densities during December and February. In January, areas of high correlation were spatially coincident with areas of enhanced flash density. Both the enhanced CG flash regions and high correlation values and patterns are indicative of a southerly shift in the midlatitude storm track known to occur during warm ENSO events. During the spring and summer, most of the region has weak correlation with ENSO except for August, which has a large area of negative correlations. These findings indicate that lightning increases during La Nina summers. Correlation patterns in late fall are similar to those of winter. The ENSO-lightning relationship has implications for hazard assessment and can be a useful tool for long-term seasonal planning. C1 [Laing, Arlene] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [LaJoie, Mark] USAF, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Reader, Steven] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Pfeiffer, Karl] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Laing, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM laing@ucar.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2544 EP 2556 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2228.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900016 ER PT J AU Gombos, D Hansen, JA AF Gombos, Daniel Hansen, James A. TI Potential vorticity regression and its relationship to dynamical piecewise inversion SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; ANOMALIES; MODEL AB Hakim and Torn (HT) presented a statistical piecewise potential vorticity (PV) regression technique that uses flow-dependent analysis covariances from an ensemble square root filter to statistically infer the relationship between the PV and state fields. This paper illustrates that the PV perturbation effectively regressed by HT's regression is the projection of the PV perturbation onto the ensemble PV anomalies that define the regression operator. It is shown that the piecewise PV inversion of this effective PV perturbation via the technique presented in Davis and Emanuel yields nearly identical heights to those from an HT regression performed in the subspace of the leading PV singular vectors. C1 [Gombos, Daniel] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hansen, James A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gombos, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Bldg 54,Room 1713, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dgombos@mit.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 7 BP 2668 EP 2682 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2165.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330US UT WOS:000257968900024 ER PT J AU Kim, JJ Kased, R Singh, T AF Kim, Jae-Jun Kased, Rajaey Singh, Tarunraj TI Time-optimal control of flexible systems subject to friction SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE time-optimal control; friction; time-delay filter; input shaping ID SPACECRAFT; VIBRATION; MANEUVERS AB This paper presents a technique for the determination of time-optimal control profiles for rest-to-rest maneuvers of a mass-spring system, subject to Coulomb friction. A parameterization of the control input that accounts for the friction force, resulting in a linear analysis of the system is proposed. The optimality condition is examined for the control profile resulting from the parameter optimization problem. The development is illustrated on a single input system where the control input and the friction force act on the same body. The variation of the optimal control structure as a function of final displacement is also exemplified on the friction benchmark problem. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Singh, Tarunraj] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kim, Jae-Jun] USN, Postgrad Sch, NRC Res Associate, Washington, DC USA. RP Singh, T (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM tsingh@eng.buffalo.edu RI Singh, Tarunraj /K-8496-2013 OI Singh, Tarunraj /0000-0003-0377-6122 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0143-2087 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 257 EP 277 DI 10.1002/oca.820 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 341LI UT WOS:000258715600001 ER PT J AU Gaines, RJ Dunbar, RP AF Gaines, Robert J. Dunbar, Robert P. TI The use of surgical drains in orthopedics SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Review ID TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY; TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; SUCTION DRAINAGE; WOUND INFECTIONS; TOTAL HIP; CLOSED SUCTION; ANTIBIOTICS; EFFICACY; SURGERY AB The use of postsurgical drains have a long history in thoracic and abdominal surgery. In orthopedics these devices have been used to decrease local edema, lessen the potential for hematoma or seroma formation, and to aid in the efflux of infection. However, the role of postoperative Surgical drains in clean, elective cases has not been firmly established. in fact, most studies fail to show a statistical difference in outcome between drained and undrained patients. Despite the paucity of clinical evidence demonstrating any benefit supporting their use, drains continue to be placed after elective orthopedic procedures. C1 [Gaines, Robert J.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Dunbar, Robert P.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Gaines, RJ (reprint author), 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 7 BP 702 EP 705 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 345BB UT WOS:000258969900009 PM 18705564 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL AF Murrell, George L. TI Tragal cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Murrell, George L.] USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Murrell, George L.] Uniformed Serv Univ,Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Murrell, George L.] George Washington Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. EM glmurrell@cox.net NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 139 IS 1 BP 176 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.03.032 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 324PK UT WOS:000257530300037 PM 18585589 ER PT J AU Hunley, TE Spring, MD Peters, TR Weikert, DR Jabs, K AF Hunley, Tracy E. Spring, Michele D. Peters, Timothy R. Weikert, Douglas R. Jabs, Kathy TI Clostridium septicum myonecrosis complicating diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome SO PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE STEC; thrombotic microangiopathic anemia; thrombotic microangiopathy ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; OF-THE-LITERATURE; EXTRARENAL INVOLVEMENT; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; GAS-GANGRENE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; SEPSIS; TOXIN; ADENOCARCINOMA AB We report the case of a 19-month-old male child with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) who developed swelling of the right arm at the site of a peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), fever, and later, ecchymosis. Wound cultures at the time of surgical debridement grew Clostridium septicum. The child subsequently required amputation of the right arm and prolonged therapy with parenteral penicillin and clindamycin. Clostridium septicum infections in children with HUS have been associated with a high rate of mortality. Along with colon cancer, diarrhea-associated HUS comprises a clinical entity which appears to predispose to atraumatic C. septicum infection, where acidic and anaerobic conditions in the diseased colon favor C. septicum invasion. Though not well recognized among pediatric nephrologists, C. septicum infection constitutes a severe, albeit rare, complication of diarrhea-associated HUS, but one in which a high index of suspicion is warranted as aggressive surgical and antibiotic therapy may be life-saving. C1 [Hunley, Tracy E.; Jabs, Kathy] Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hosp Vanderbilt, Div Pediat Nephrol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Spring, Michele D.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Peters, Timothy R.] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sect Pediatric Infect Dis, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Weikert, Douglas R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Nashville, TN USA. RP Hunley, TE (reprint author), Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hosp Vanderbilt, Div Pediat Nephrol, 11133 Doctors Off Tower,2200 Childrens Way, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM tray.hunley@vanderbilt.edu RI Spring, Michele/B-3564-2011 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-041X J9 PEDIATR NEPHROL JI Pediatr. Nephrol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1175 DI 10.1007/s00467-008-0774-5 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology SC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology GA 304EB UT WOS:000256091700022 PM 18301926 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Laskoski, M Osofsky, M Qadri, SB AF Keller, Teddy M. Laskoski, Matthew Osofsky, Michael Qadri, Syed B. TI Carbon nanotube formation catalyzed by Ni nanoparticles in carbonaceous solid SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; DIFFRACTION; SINGLE AB Thermal decomposition of a Ni-containing organometallic compound or Ni salt in the presence of an excess amount of a multi(ethynyl)aromatic compound results in the formation of CNTs during the carbonization process. The uniqueness of the process is the formation of MWNTs in high yield within the solid carbonaceous domain upon heat treatment to elevated temperature under ambient pressure. The formation of MWNTs in a shaped, solid configuration readily occurred when the precursor mixture was heated above 600 degrees C. 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene was reacted with varying amounts of a Ni-containing compound in an organic solvent to produce the Ni adduct of the ethynyl unit. Other mixtures were formulated by physical mixing of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene and a Ni salt. Heat treatment of the various mixtures to temperatures up to 1300 degrees C under atmospheric pressure resulted in the decomposition of the Ni-containing compound or salt and the formation of Ni atoms, clusters, and/or nanoparticles in the polymeric-to-carbon nanoparticle-to-carbon nanotube compositions. The Ni atoms, clusters, and/or nanoparticles are the key to the formation of the carbon nanotubes. The resulting Ni nanoparticle-CNT compositions show magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies show the presence of a large quantity of MWNTs in the carbonaceous solid residue. (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Osofsky, Michael; Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Keller, Teddy M.; Laskoski, Matthew] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil; Qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 205 IS 7 BP 1585 EP 1591 DI 10.1002/pssa.200723370 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 328WE UT WOS:000257828100011 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR Zope, RR AF Baruah, Tunna Pederson, Mark R. Zope, Rajendra R. TI Vibrational stability and electronic structure of a B(80) fullerene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; BARE BORON CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; NANOTUBES; POLARIZABILITIES; MOLECULES; NITRIDE; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; ANALOGS AB We investigate the vibrational stability and the electronic structure of the proposed icosahedral fullerenelike cage structure of B(80) [N. G. Szwacki, A. Sadrzadeh, and B. I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 166804 (2007)], by an all electron density-functional theory using polarized Gaussian basis functions containing 41 basis functions per atom. The vibrational analysis of B(80) indicates that the icosahedral structure is vibrationally unstable with seven imaginary frequencies. The equilibrium structure has T(h) symmetry and a smaller gap of 0.96 eV between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels compared to the icosahedral structure. The static dipole polarizability of a B(80) cage is 149 angstrom(3), and the first ionization energy is 6.4 eV. The B(80) cage has rather large electron affinity of 3 eV making it a useful candidate as electron acceptor if it is synthesized. The infrared and Raman spectra of the highly symmetric structure are characterized by a few absorption peaks. C1 [Baruah, Tunna; Zope, Rajendra R.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. [Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zope, Rajendra R.] Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Baruah, T (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 AR 045408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.045408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YV UT WOS:000258190400088 ER PT J AU Boyer, LL Stokes, HT Ossowski, MM Mehl, MJ AF Boyer, L. L. Stokes, H. T. Ossowski, M. M. Mehl, M. J. TI Self-consistent atomic deformation method for application of density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; INDUCED-BREATHING MODEL; ELECTRON-GAS THEORY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; BULK PROPERTIES; IONIC-CRYSTALS; ENERGY; MOLECULES; POTENTIALS AB We describe a computational method based on density functional theory in which the total electronic density is expressed as a sum over "atomic" densities or densities localized at atomic sites. The atomic densities are determined self-consistently from a variational treatment of the total energy, which includes terms to account for kinetic energy due to the overlapping densities from separate atomic sites. We call this method self-consistent atomic deformation. The self-consistent procedure involves formulation and calculation of a potential for each atomic site, solving a one-electron Schrodinger's equation for each site and using these self-consistent potentials and densities to compute total energy and forces. The associated numerical methods employed are described in detail and illustrated for selected examples. C1 [Mehl, M. J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ossowski, M. M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Stokes, H. T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Boyer, L. L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.mehl@nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 4 AR 045121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.045121 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YV UT WOS:000258190400038 ER PT J AU Pillay, D Johannes, MD Mazin, II Andersen, OK AF Pillay, D. Johannes, M. D. Mazin, I. I. Andersen, O. K. TI Origin of a(1g) and e(g)(') orderings in NaxCoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB It has often been suggested that correlation effects suppress the small e(g)(') Fermi-surface pockets of NaxCoO2 that are predicted by LDA, but absent in ARPES measurements. It appears that within the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) the ARPES results can be reproduced only if the on-site energy of the e(g)(') complex is lower than that of the a(1g) complex at the one-electron level, prior to the addition of local correlation effects. Current estimates regarding the order of the two orbital complexes range from -200 to 315 meV in terms of the energy difference. In this work, we perform density-functional theory calculations of this one-electron splitting Delta=epsilon(a1g)-epsilon(')(eg) for the full two-layer compound, accounting for the effects of Na ordering, interplanar interactions and octahedral distortion. We find that epsilon(a1g)-epsilon(')(eg) is negative for all Na fillings and that this is primarily due to the strongly positive Coulomb field created by Na+ ions in the intercalant plane that disproportionately affects the extended a(1g) orbital. We discuss also the effects of octahedral compression and multiorbital filling on the value of Delta as a function of Na content. Our results indicate that if the e(g)(') pockets are indeed suppressed, that can only be due to nonlocal correlation effects beyond the standard DMFT. C1 [Pillay, D.; Johannes, M. D.; Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Andersen, O. K.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Pillay, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.012501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 333YR UT WOS:000258190000026 ER PT J AU Teal, C Lagergren, K Aguilar, A Hartley, DJ Riley, MA Simpson, J Carpenter, MP Garg, U Janssens, RVF Joss, DT Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Wang, X Zhu, S Ragnarsson, I AF Teal, C. Lagergren, K. Aguilar, A. Hartley, D. J. Riley, M. A. Simpson, J. Carpenter, M. P. Garg, U. Janssens, R. V. F. Joss, D. T. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Wang, X. Zhu, S. Ragnarsson, I. TI Triaxial strongly deformed bands in (160,161)Tm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB High-spin states in (160,161)Tm were populated using the (128)Te((37)Cl, 5n and 4n) reactions at a beam energy of 170 MeV. Emitted gamma rays were detected in the Gammasphere spectrometer. Two rotational bands with high moments of inertia were discovered, one assigned to (160)Tm, while the other tentatively assigned to (161)Tm. These sequences display features similar to bands observed in neighboring Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu nuclei which have been discussed in terms of triaxial strongly deformed structures. Cranked Nilsson Strutinsky calculations have been performed that predict well-deformed triaxial shapes at high spin in (160,161)Tm. C1 [Teal, C.; Lagergren, K.; Aguilar, A.; Riley, M. A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Simpson, J.; Joss, D. T.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Wang, X.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Garg, U.; Wang, X.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Teal, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0456463, PHY-0554762]; State of Florida, the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Swedish Science Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY-0456463 and PHY-0554762, the State of Florida, the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the Swedish Science Research Council. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 017305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.017305 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340HH UT WOS:000258636200077 ER PT J AU Franz, AL Roy, R Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Franz, Anthony L. Roy, Rajarshi Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Effect of multiple time delays on intensity fluctuation dynamics in fiber ring lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COUPLED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATION; POLARIZATION DYNAMICS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; ATTRACTORS; TURBULENCE; STRIPE AB The effect of time delay on nonlinear oscillators is an important problem in the study of dynamical systems. The dynamics of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser with an extra loop providing time-delayed feedback is studied experimentally by measuring the intensity of the laser. The delay time for the feedback is varied from similar to 0.3 to similar to 900 times the cavity round-trip time, over four orders of magnitude, by changing the length of fiber in the delay line. Depending on the delay, we observe either regular oscillations or complex dynamics. The size of the fluctuations increases for delays long compared with the round-trip time of the laser cavity. The complexity of the fluctuations is quantified by creating spatiotemporal representations of the time series and performing a Karhunen-Loeve decomposition. The complexity increases with increasing delay time. The experiment is extended by mutually coupling two fiber ring lasers together. The delay time for the mutual coupling is varied from similar to 0.2 to similar to 600 times the cavity round-trip time, over four orders of magnitude again. In this case the fluctuations are generally larger than the single laser case. The complexity of the dynamics for the mutually coupled system is less at short delays and larger at long delays when compared to the uncoupled case. The width of the optical spectra of the coupled lasers also narrows. C1 [Franz, Anthony L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Franz, AL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI Franz, Anthony/0000-0002-0112-0667 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 016208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.016208 PN 2 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 333UV UT WOS:000258179000031 PM 18764036 ER PT J AU Snyder, MR Knio, OM Katz, J Le Maitre, OP AF Snyder, Murray R. Knio, Omar M. Katz, Joseph Le Maitre, Olivier P. TI Numerical study on the motion of microscopic oil droplets in high intensity isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FINITE REYNOLDS-NUMBER; TIME-DEPENDENT MOTION; FREE-STREAM VELOCITY; PARTICLE MOTION; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; SETTLING VELOCITY; GAS-BUBBLES; ACCELERATED MOTION; SMALL FLUCTUATIONS AB The rise of small oil droplets in water under isotropic turbulence conditions is analyzed computationally. The effort focuses on the puzzling behavior observed by Friedman and Katz [Phys. Fluids 14, 3059 (2002)], namely, that the rise velocity of droplets smaller than 800 mu m in diameter is enhanced by turbulence, whereas the rise of larger droplets is suppressed. Specifically, the study explores whether these effects can be captured or explained using a simplified one-way coupling model that combines direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow field with Lagrangian tracking of the droplets using a dynamical equation that accounts for buoyancy, virtual mass, pressure, drag, lift, and history forces. The computational method used is adapted from the model of Snyder [Phys. Fluids 19, 065108 (2007)], which showed excellent correlation between computational results and extensive experimental data for microbubbles in isotropic turbulence. The computed results indicate that, using the quasisteady, empirically determined drag and lift coefficients, one is unable to reproduce the experimentally observed droplet rise velocities. Numerical experiments on the effect of lift and history forces also indicate that, within a broad range of uncertainty, these forces do not account for the discrepancy between measured and computed trends. Guided by correlations obtained for the settling of heavy particles under high turbulence intensities, suppression of the drag and virtual mass coefficients for droplet diameters near ten times the Kolmogorov lengthscale was consequently postulated. Computed results indicate that, using this postulate, the simplified model is able to recover the observed enhancement of the mean rise of small droplets. These experiences underscore the difficulties in modeling the motion of small particles under high turbulence intensities, especially when the particle size is close to the turbulence microscale. (c) American Institute of Physics. C1 [Snyder, Murray R.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Knio, Omar M.; Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Le Maitre, Olivier P.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Lab Informat Mecan & Sci Ingn, UPR 3251, F-91403 Orsay, France. RP Snyder, MR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM msnyder@usna.edu; knio@jhu.edu; katz@jhu.edu; olm@limsi.fr RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787; Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 7 AR 073301 DI 10.1063/1.2946445 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 333TP UT WOS:000258175600010 ER PT J AU Guillory, J Rose, DV Beall, JH AF Guillory, J. Rose, D. V. Beall, J. H. TI Nonthermal power dissipation and nonlinear wave dynamics in a plasma penetrated by a momentum-scattered relativistic electron stream SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; PARTICLE BEAMS; TURBULENCE; EMISSION; FILAMENTATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONS; BLAZARS; ENERGY AB A previous analysis of the nonlinear dissipative equilibrium of a beam-penetrated plasma with nonthermal electron "tails" [D. V. Rose, J. Guillory, and J. H. Beall, Phys. Plasmas 9, 1000 (2002)] is extended to the case of a relativistic, momentum-angle-scattered electron beam (with or without accompanying ions) penetrating a fully ionized low-density nearly collisionless plasma, and to include the energy balance of the nonthermal plasma tail electron population on electron collisional timescales long compared with the primary instability growth time. Quasistationary nonlinear "dissipative equilibrium" states are quantified for various ranges of relativistic beam parameters and various tail-enhanced Landau damping rates for shorter-wavelength space-charge waves. Conditions for quasisteady wave populations are found, and for energy balance between beam energy input to and dynamic friction cooling of the nonthermal "tail electrons." Finally, some potentially incorrect inferences based on a thermal interpretation of bremsstrahlung from such a plasma are quantified. All of these microphysical processes evolve on timescales inaccessible to conventional magnetohydrodynamic modeling of astrophysical jets, and may lead to energetics corrections to such fluid models. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Guillory, J.; Beall, J. H.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rose, D. V.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Beall, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beall, J. H.] St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Guillory, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM David.Rose@vosssci.com NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 AR 072110 DI 10.1063/1.2950304 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 333TR UT WOS:000258175800010 ER PT J AU Park, HS Maddox, BR Giraldez, E Hatchett, SP Hudson, LT Izumi, N Key, MH Le Pape, S MacKinnon, AJ MacPhee, AG Patel, PK Phillips, TW Remington, BA Seely, JF Tommasini, R Town, R Workman, J Brambrink, E AF Park, H. -S. Maddox, B. R. Giraldez, E. Hatchett, S. P. Hudson, L. T. Izumi, N. Key, M. H. Le Pape, S. MacKinnon, A. J. MacPhee, A. G. Patel, P. K. Phillips, T. W. Remington, B. A. Seely, J. F. Tommasini, R. Town, R. Workman, J. Brambrink, E. TI High-resolution 17-75 keV backlighters for high energy density experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS; X-RAY SOURCE; EXTREME CONDITIONS; STRAIN-RATE; PRESSURE AB 17-75 keV one- and two-dimensional high-resolution (< 10 mu m) radiography has been developed using high-intensity short pulse lasers. High energy K alpha sources are created by fluorescence from hot electrons interacting in the target material after irradiation by lasers with intensity I-L > 10(17) W/cm(2). High-resolution point projection one- and two-dimensional radiography has been achieved using microfoil and microwire targets attached to low-Z substrate materials. The microwire size was 10 mu mx10 mu mx300 mu m on a 300 mu mx300 mu mx5 mu m polystyrene substrate. The radiography experiments were performed using the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The results show that the resolution is dominated by the microwire target size and there is very little degradation from the plasma plume, implying that the high-energy x-ray photons are generated mostly within the microwire volume. There are enough K alpha photons created with a 300 J, 1-omega, 40 ps pulse laser from these small volume targets, and that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, for single shot radiography experiments. This unique technique will be used on future high energy density experiments at many new high-power laser facilities. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Park, H. -S.; Maddox, B. R.; Hatchett, S. P.; Izumi, N.; Key, M. H.; Le Pape, S.; MacKinnon, A. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Patel, P. K.; Phillips, T. W.; Remington, B. A.; Tommasini, R.; Town, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Giraldez, E.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Workman, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brambrink, E.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 31 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 AR 072705 DI 10.1063/1.2957918 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 333TR UT WOS:000258175800048 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. TI Neutron production from interactions of high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser with a planar deuterated polyethylene target SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; SOLID TARGETS; ION-BEAMS; DRIVEN; IRRADIATION; ELECTRON; EMISSION AB The deuteron acceleration from a planar uniform deuterated polyethylene (CD(2)) target was studied with a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell method in the ultrarelativistic regime for peak laser intensities between 10(23) and 10(25) W/m(2). Under identical conditions the deuteron energy and angular distributions are very different when compared to that produced from a double-layer target. The neutron production from D(d,n)-(3)He nuclear fusion reactions was also investigated with a three-dimensional Monte Carlo ion beam-target deposition model. The neutron yield and its angular distribution were studied as a function of peak laser intensity and laser pulse duration. A neutron yield of 10(4)-10(6) neutrons per Joule laser energy is inferred from simulations of a 4 mu m thick planar uniform CD(2) target. The angular scattering of neutrons is found to be nonisotropic and has a significant component in the forward (laser propagation) direction. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Petrov, G. M.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 AR 073109 DI 10.1063/1.2956996 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 333TR UT WOS:000258175800063 ER PT J AU Geiger, S McCormick, F Chou, R Wandel, AG AF Geiger, Scott McCormick, Frank Chou, Richard Wandel, Amy G. TI War wounds: Lessons learned from Operation Iraqi Freedom SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPEN TIBIAL FRACTURES; INJURIES; RECONSTRUCTION; VIETNAM; MINES AB Background: This study reports the experience of the plastic surgery department at Naval Medical Center San Diego in treating wounds resulting from combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Introduction of new technology and modification of medical treatments have emerged to provide greater success in preserving life and limb. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all Navy and Marine Corps casualties treated by the authors' department between April of 2003 and December of 2005. All medical information surrounding the patients' treatment and medivac rosters were used to collect the data. Results: The authors treated 68 patients, who underwent 240 operations. The age distribution was consistent with military enlistments (19 to 38 years). The majority of injuries were from blast (55 percent) and gunshot wounds (19 percent). The extremities were the site of injury in 9.1.2 percent of patients, with lower extremity wounds outnumbering upper extremity wounds approximately 2:1. The authors' wound management technique incorporated an aggressive surgical and antibiotic protocol, antibiotic-impregnated beads, and wound vacuum-assisted closure. The authors' limb salvage rate was high at 93.6 percent, with three amputations performed for flap failure. The acute osteomyelitis rate was 24.2 percent and the chronic osteomyelitis rate was 1.6 percent. Conclusions: The authors' results reflect a higher limb salvage rate than that achieved during previous wars. They feel their success was attributable to the use of wound vacuum-assisted closure, an aggressive surgical approach, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Wound vacuum-assisted closure is the single intervention that is new among the authors' choices of techniques for treating combat wounds. C1 [Geiger, Scott; McCormick, Frank; Chou, Richard; Wandel, Amy G.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wandel, AG (reprint author), 3160 Folsom Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. EM ghhartman@comcast.net NR 21 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181773d19 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 318PO UT WOS:000257104300018 PM 18594399 ER PT J AU Sadovsky, R Collins, N Tighe, AP Safeer, RS Morris, CM Brunton, SA AF Sadovsky, Richard Collins, Nancy Tighe, Ann P. Safeer, Richard S. Morris, Charlene M. Brunton, Stephen A. TI Dispelling the myths about omega-3 fatty acids SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE omega-3 fatty acids; P-OM3; evidence-based medicine; dietary fats; fatty acids ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL-ESTERS; DIETARY FISH-OIL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; CONTROLLED TRIALS AB Although there is an enormous amount of information available on omega-3 fatty acids, it is sometimes misleading, contradictory, and unsupported by scientific fact. Consumers and medical professionals may be confused regarding the potential value of omega-3 fatty acid supplements, despite having either read or heard about fish oil consumption and/or omega-3 fatty acid benefits and risks. The availability of a prescription formulation of omega-3-acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) has provided important new information that helps to dispel the myths and alleviate concerns surrounding the use of omega-3 fatty acids in clinical practice. The safety and efficacy of P-OM3, but not dietary-supplement omega-3 fatty acids, are documented in placebo-controlled trials. In general, studies using Food and Drug Administration-approved dosages of P-OM3 have not substantiated various myths surrounding the negative effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, there are now evidence-based clinical guidelines for the use of omega-3 fatty acids in clinical practice. C1 [Sadovsky, Richard] SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn Coll Med, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Collins, Nancy] Nutr Guidance Ctr, Pembroke Pines, FL USA. [Tighe, Ann P.] Scientiae LLC, New York, NY USA. [Safeer, Richard S.] CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Baltimore, MD USA. [Morris, Charlene M.] USN, Clin Cherry Point Urgent Care, Havelock, NC USA. [Morris, Charlene M.] Pamlico Med Care, Bayboro, NC USA. [Brunton, Stephen A.] Cabarrus Family Med Residency, Concord, NC USA. RP Sadovsky, R (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM richard.sadovsky@downstate.edu FU Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc FX The authors acknowledge Scientiae, LLC for their contribution and editorial assistance in preparing this manuscript. Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of GlaxoSmithKline, provided funding to support the preparation of this manuscript. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU JTE MULTIMEDIA PI BERWYN PA 1235 WESTLAKES DR, STE 220, BERWYN, PA 19312 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 120 IS 2 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.3810/pgm.2008.07.1796 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 349VP UT WOS:000259311700012 PM 18654074 ER PT J AU Canuso, AA Mclay, RN Bennett, JH Pyne, JM Munoz, KB Stenback, KA AF Canuso, Amy A. McLay, Robert N. Bennett, Jason H. Pyne, Jeffrey M. Munoz, Kristine B. Stenback, Karis A. TI Schizophreniform disorder after heat injury in a military recruit SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOSIS C1 [Canuso, Amy A.; McLay, Robert N.; Bennett, Jason H.; Pyne, Jeffrey M.; Munoz, Kristine B.; Stenback, Karis A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Canuso, AA (reprint author), Care of Mr R Wells, MC USN, Dept Psychiat, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM acanuso@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 345 EP 346 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.49.4.345 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 353TD UT WOS:000259590200010 PM 18621941 ER PT J AU Jones, LR AF Jones, Lawrence R. TI Public administration in transition: Essays in honor of Gerald E. Caiden SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Jones, Lawrence R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM lrjones@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 68 IS 4 BP 775 EP 777 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00916.x PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 311YS UT WOS:000256636900022 ER PT J AU Peng, J Peng, MS Li, T AF Peng, Jiayi Peng, Melinda S. Li, Tim TI Dependence of vortex axisymmetrization on the characteristics of the asymmetry SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE optimal radius; barotropic vortices ID TROPICAL CYCLONE EVOLUTION; HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; ROSSBY-WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; SPIRAL BANDS; MODEL; STABILITY; INTENSIFICATION; CYCLOGENESIS AB This study investigates how different characteristics of initial asymmetries, including their positions and profiles, can impact on the vortex axisymmetrization process for barotropic vortices. When an initial disturbance is placed near the core of a vortex, a new asymmetry is generated inside the original asymmetry and grows due to its upshear tilt. Differential basic-state rotation then shifts the phase to a downshear tilt and the asymmetry weakens. As the initial radius of the imposed asymmetry is increased, the initial upshear tilt of the asymmetry decreases. There is also a decrease in the efficiency with which the differential rotation shifts the phase tilt from upshear to downshear. The latter is related to differential radial propagation of the asymmetry in the form of vortex Rossby waves. These two mechanisms that are position-dependent act against each other. There is an optimal radius at which the energy exchange between the symmetric and asymmetric flows is maximized. For a range of very different basic-state profiles examined here, the optimal radius is around 1.5 to 2 times the radius of the maximum wind. The initial growth of asymmetries with higher azimuthal wavenumbers is weaker than their lower-wavenumber counterparts due to a smaller upshear phase tilt with their smaller azimuthal length-scales. Nonlinearity reduces the magnitude and multiple perturbations of the newly induced inner asymmetry, and also limits the radial propagation of the asymmetry. The further the asymmetry is away from the core, the slower the axisymmetrization is. Depending on the position of the initial asymmetry, the basic state can have an increase of the maximum wind, a double-peak profile, or an increase of its outer wind profile through axisymmetrization. Copyright (c) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Peng, Jiayi] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peng, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Pengj@hawaii.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 634 BP 1253 EP 1268 DI 10.1002/qj.281 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PK UT WOS:000259292800013 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Balanced boundary layers used in hurricane models SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; typhoon; friction layer; gradient wind balance ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; WIND STRUCTURE; PART II; DYNAMICS; VORTICES; VORTEX; CIRCULATIONS; CYCLOGENESIS; EXCHANGE AB We examine the formulation and accuracy of various approximations made in representing the boundary layer in simple axisymmetric hurricane models, especially those that assume strict gradient wind balance in the radial direction. Approximate solutions for a steady axisymmetric slab boundary-layer model are compared with a full model solution. It is shown that the approximate solutions are generally poor in the inner core region of the vortex, where the radial advection term in the radial momentum equation is important and cannot be neglected. These results affirm some prior work and have implications for a range of theoretical studies of hurricane dynamics, including theories of potential intensity, that employ balanced boundary-layer formulations. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU US Naval Postgraduate School; NSF [ATM 0715426] FX This work was initiated while both authors were visiting the US Hurricane Research Division of NOAA/AOML. We would like to thank HRD for their hospitality and for creating a stimulating environment for pursuing hurricane research. MTM acknowledges the support of the US Naval Postgraduate School and NSF ATM 0715426. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 134 IS 635 BP 1385 EP 1395 DI 10.1002/qj.296 PN B PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349PL UT WOS:000259292900003 ER PT J AU Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Tiba, A AF Charlton, David G. Roberts, Howard W. Tiba, Amer TI Measurement of select physical and mechanical properties of 3 machinable ceramic materials SO QUINTESSENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CAD/CAM; ceramic; machinable; properties; strength; testing ID FIXED-PARTIAL DENTURES; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CRACK-PROPAGATION; CAD/CAM SYSTEM; MARGINAL FIT; STRENGTH; INLAYS; CEREC; RESTORATIONS AB Objective: To measure select physical and mechanical properties of 3 machinable ceramic materials (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent; Vitablocs Mark II, Vident; Paradigm C, 3M ESPE). Method and Materials: The physical and mechanical properties tested were hardness (using Vickers hardness), flexural strength and modulus (with 3-point bending), fracture toughness (with Vickers hardness indentation), and coefficient of thermal expansion (using a thermomechanical analyzer). For each of the materials, 25 specimens were fabricated to test each property, except for coefficient of thermal expansion, where n = 5. For each tested property, data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey Studentized range test (significance level = .05), when required for post hoc testing. Results: Mean Vickers hardness ranged from 511.3 (SD 8.6) for Paradigm C to 569.3 (SD 10.2) for Vitablocs Mark II. Flexural strength was greatest for IPS Empress CAD at 137.51 (SD 23.34) MPa and least for Vitablocs Mark II at 94.08 (SD 14.21) MPa. Flexural modulus ranged from 8.65 (SD 2.24) GPa (Vitablocs Mark II) to 16.10 (SD 5.94) GPa (IPS Empress CAD). IPS Empress CAD had the highest fracture toughness at 2.18 (SD 0.30) MPa center dot m(1/2), while Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest at 1.37 (SD 0.22) MPa center dot m(1/2). Paradigm C exhibited the highest thermal expansion coefficient at 16.87 (SD 4.37) x 10(-6)/degrees C, and Vitablocs Mark II had the lowest at 8.60 (SD 1.47) x 10-(6)/degrees C. Conclusions: The 3 ceramic materials significantly differed in all of the properties measured. Vitablocs Mark II was the hardest of the 3 materials, and IPS Empress CAD had the greatest flexure strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness. C1 [Charlton, David G.; Tiba, Amer] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 0033-6572 J9 QUINTESSENCE INT JI Quintessence Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7 BP 573 EP 579 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 347VG UT WOS:000259168800006 PM 19107265 ER PT J AU Vikharev, AL Gorbachev, AM Ivanov, OA Isaev, VA Kuzikov, SV Movshevich, BZ Hirshfield, JL Gold, SH AF Vikharev, A. L. Gorbachev, A. M. Ivanov, O. A. Isaev, V. A. Kuzikov, S. V. Movshevich, B. Z. Hirshfield, J. L. Gold, S. H. TI Active Bragg Compressor of 3-cm Wavelength Microwave Pulses SO RADIOPHYSICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of studies of the active compressor of 3-cm wavelength microwave pulses, which uses a high-Q storage Bragg resonator excited at the H(01) mode and new types of plasma switches. Phase variation during a compressed pulse and phase correlation of the input and compressed microwave pulses are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Using a single-channel compressor excited at the megawatt power level by the magnicon radiation with frequency 11.4 GHz, a power amplification factor equal to 9 was reached for an output-pulse duration of 40-50 ns and a peak power of up to 25 MW. C1 [Vikharev, A. L.; Gorbachev, A. M.; Ivanov, O. A.; Isaev, V. A.; Kuzikov, S. V.; Movshevich, B. Z.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Hirshfield, J. L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Hirshfield, J. L.] Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT USA. [Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vikharev, AL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. EM val@appl.sci-nnov.ru FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05-08-50246] FX The authors are grateful to A. G. Litvak and M. I. Petelin for interest in this work and discussion of the results. This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 05-08-50246). NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0033-8443 J9 RADIOPHYS QUANTUM EL JI Radiophys. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 51 IS 7 BP 539 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s11141-008-9053-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 377EG UT WOS:000261233900005 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Roland, CM AF Robertson, C. G. Roland, C. M. TI GLASS TRANSITION AND INTERFACIAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS IN POLYMER-PARTICLE COMPOSITES SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARBON BLACK INTERACTIONS; STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER; NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSVERSAL H-1-NMR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FILLED ELASTOMERS AB We review the literature concerned with the effect of proximity to a filler surface on the local segmental mobility of polymer chains. This mobility is commonly assessed from either the glass transition temperature, T(g) or the segmental relaxation times measured by mechanical, dielectric, or NMR spectroscopy. Published studies report increases, decreases. or no change in T(g) upon the addition of carbon black, silica. and other reinforcing fillers. Similarly, the segmental relaxation times have been found to increase or be invariant to the presence of nanometer-sized particles. Some of these discrepancies can be ascribed to ambiguous methods of data analysis; others likely reflect the variation in filler-polymer interaction among different systems. There are unequivocal examples of polymers that have segmental dynamics and glass transitions unaffected by nano-particle reinforcement. However, the general principles governing the behavior remain to be clarified, with further work, focusing on the micromechanics at the particle interface, required for resolution of this important aspect of rubber science and technology. C1 [Robertson, C. G.] Northboro Res & Dev Ctr, Saint Gobain High Performance Mat, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robertson, CG (reprint author), Northboro Res & Dev Ctr, Saint Gobain High Performance Mat, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM christopher.g.robertson@saint-gobain.com; roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 79 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 506 EP 522 DI 10.5254/1.3548217 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 358LW UT WOS:000259919500004 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Barth, RB Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Barth, Ryan B. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Relation of seminal nanotechnology document production to total nanotechnology document production - South Korea SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article AB This study evaluates trends in quality of nanotechnology and nanoscience papers produced by South Korean authors. The metric used to gauge quality is ratio of highly cited nanotechnology papers to total nanotechnology papers produced in sequential time frames. In the first part of this paper, citations (and publications) for nanotechnology documents published by major producing nations and major producing global institutions in four uneven time frames are examined. All nanotechnology documents in the Science Citation Index [SCI, 2006] for 1998, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003 were retrieved and analyzed in March 2007. In the second part of this paper, all the nanotechnology documents produced by South Korean institutions were retrieved and examined. All nanotechnology documents produced in South Korea (each document had at least one author with a South Korea address) in each of the above time frames were retrieved and analyzed. The South Korean institutions were extracted, and their fraction of total highly cited documents was compared to their fraction of total published documents. Non-Korean institutions that co-authored papers were included as well, to offer some perspective on the value of collaboration. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Barth, Ryan B.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA USA. [Lau, Clifford G. Y.] Inst Def Analyses, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM rkostoff@mitre.org NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 43 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s11192-007-1891-9 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 313ZW UT WOS:000256779500003 ER PT J AU D'Sa, EJ Ko, DS AF D'Sa, Eurico J. Ko, Dong S. TI Short-term influences on suspended particulate matter distribution in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Satellite and model observations SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE winds; circulation model; suspended particulate matter; northern Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi river; QuikSCAT; SeaWiFS ID LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; COASTAL WATERS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; WIND STRESS; COLD-FRONT; VARIABILITY; DISCHARGE; SEAWIFS AB Energetic meteorological events such as frontal passages and hurricanes often impact coastal regions in the northern Gulf of Mexico that influence geochemical processes in the region. Satellite remote sensing data such as winds from QuikSCAT, suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations derived from SeaWiFS and the outputs ( sea level and surface ocean currents) of a nested navy coastal ocean model (NCOM) were combined to assess the effects of frontal passages between 23-28 March 2005 on the physical properties and the SPM characteristics in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Typical changes in wind speed and direction associated with frontal passages were observed in the latest 12.5 km wind product from QuikSCAT with easterly winds before the frontal passage undergoing systematic shifts in direction and speed and turning northerly, northwesterly during a weak and a strong front on 23 and 27 March, respectively. A quantitative comparison of model sea level results with tide gauge observations suggest better correlations near the delta than in the western part of the Gulf with elevated sea levels along the coast before the frontal passage and a large drop in sea level following the frontal passage on 27 March. Model results of surface currents suggested strong response to wind forcing with westward and onshore currents before the frontal passage reversing into eastward, southeastward direction over a six day period from 23 to 28 March 2005. Surface SPM distribution derived from SeaWiFS ocean color data for two clear days on 23 and 28 March 2005 indicated SPM plumes to be oriented with the current field with increasing concentrations in nearshore waters due to resuspension and discharge from the rivers and bays and its seaward transport following the frontal passage. The backscattering spectral slope., a parameter sensitive to particle size distribution also indicated lower. values ( larger particles) in nearshore waters that decreased offshore ( smaller particles). The use of both satellite and model results revealed the strong interactions between physical processes and the surface particulate field in response to the frontal passage in a large riverdominated coastal margin. C1 [D'Sa, Eurico J.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP D'Sa, EJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ejdsa@lsu.edu NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 4249 EP 4264 DI 10.3390/s8074249 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 333VI UT WOS:000258180500013 PM 27879933 ER PT J AU Romero, SC Dela Rosa, KM Linz, PE AF Romero, Steven C. Dela Rosa, Kristina M. Linz, Peter E. TI Aspirin for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: Using the Framingham Risk Score to improve utilization in a primary care clinic SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aspirin; coronary heart disease; Framingham Risk Score; prevention ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UPDATE AB Objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in adults in the industrialized world, and several large studies show that aspirin is helpful for the primary prevention of this disease. Unfortunately, few physicians are aware of its benefit, resulting in the underutilization of aspirin for the primary prevention of CHD. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the underuse of aspirin for the primary prevention of CHID, and to improve appropriate utilization by implementing an easy-to-use clinic tool that quickly estimates a patient's risk. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis conducted in the Internal Medicine Clinic in the Naval Medical Center in San Diego, California. Random samples of 494 patients before and 593 after intervention who were followed in the Internal Medicine Clinic were screened. Inclusion criteria were a 10-year risk of myocardial infarction or coronary death of more than 10%, or diabetes with one other cardiac risk factor. A poster was placed in each clinic examination room showing the Framingham Risk Score, the indications for aspirin use, and common contraindications to assist physicians in determining if a patient warranted aspirin for primary prevention of CHD. A physician documented regular use of aspirin, 81 to 325 mg per day. Results: Age and sex demographics were similar between the two measurement groups. Diabetics comprised a significantly greater percentage of patients in the postintervention group. There was a trend toward increase in utilization of aspirin from 63.5% to 72.8% (P = 0.054) after our intervention. In subgroup analysis, significant improvement in appropriate aspirin use was found amongst males (P = 0.01) and nondiabetics (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Aspirin has proven beneficial in the primary prevention of CHD, but is clearly underutilized in this role. By implementing the Framingham Risk Score to streamline the decision process, appropriate utilization can be improved, and in turn, cardiac events can be reduced and patients can benefit. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Romero, SC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin Great Lakes, 3001A 6th St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM steven.romero@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 BP 725 EP 729 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323VX UT WOS:000257477600015 PM 18580734 ER PT J AU Park, EK Lee, JH Lee, SY Moeckly, BH Claassen, JH AF Park, Eun Kyu Lee, J. H. Lee, Sang Young Moeckly, Brian H. Claassen, John H. TI Effects of proton irradiation on the microwave properties of polycrystalline MgB(2) films in the Meissner state SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INTRINSIC SURFACE IMPEDANCE; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; THIN-FILMS; CURRENT DENSITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DEFECTS AB The critical current density (J(C)) and the upper critical field (H(C2)) of MgB(2) in the mixed state appeared to be enhanced by proton irradiation due to existence of stronger pinning sites caused by increased disorder. We investigate the surface resistance (R(S)) of polycrystalline MgB(2) films with the critical temperature (T(C)) of similar to 39 K in the Meissner state at similar to 8.5 GHz as a function of temperature before and after proton irradiation to a fluence of 4.8 x 10(15) protons cm(-2). Reduced T(C) was observed along with reduced intrinsic R(S) at temperatures below 24-26 K after proton irradiation. An increase of 9-14% in the pi-band gap energy was observed for proton-irradiated MgB(2) films, which is attributable to enhanced interband scattering between the sigma-band and the pi-band caused by increased disorder. Two coherence peaks were observed at T/T(C) similar to 0.56-0.59 and T/T(C) similar to 0.90-0.93 in the temperature dependence of the microwave conductivity for pristine MgB(2) films, reflecting the two-gap nature of MgB(2). The peaks at T/T(C) similar to 0.56-0.59 were changed to a plateau-like shape for the MgB(2) films after proton irradiation. Our results for MgB(2) films in the Meissner state suggest that modification in the gap energies might play a role in enhancing J(C) and H(C2) for proton-irradiated MgB(2) in the mixed state. C1 [Park, Eun Kyu; Lee, J. H.; Lee, Sang Young] Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Park, Eun Kyu; Lee, J. H.; Lee, Sang Young] Konkuk Univ, Ctr Wireless Transmiss Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Moeckly, Brian H.] Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Claassen, John H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Hwayang Dong, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM sylee@konkuk.ac.kr RI Lee, Sang Young/D-8784-2011 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/21/7/075005 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310QF UT WOS:000256544400006 ER PT J AU Hyun, KH Hogan, PJ AF Hyun, Kyung Hoon Hogan, Patrick J. TI Topographic effects on the anticyclonic vortex evolution: A modeling study SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anticyclonic vortex; topographic effect; HYCOM; slope steepness and orientation ID GULF-STREAM RINGS; CURRENT EDDY INTERACTION; WESTERN GULF; OF-MEXICO; KINEMATIC PROPERTIES; BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; BAROCLINIC EDDIES; SLOPING BOTTOM; SURFACE VORTEX; BETA-PLANE AB The evolution of anticyclonic vortices in the presence of topographic effects associated with continental slope steepness and orientation is investigated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model. The trajectories of the vortices are analyzed using various configurations of slope steepness and orientation, including a flat bottom. As the steepness of the slope is increased, the development and evolution of a counter-rotating subsurface vortex ('deep cyclone') is strongly dispersive resulting in strong zonal translation over the slope, although the translation is southwest with a coherent deep cyclone, in the flat bottom case. In particular, the zonal translation is faster with a gentle slope (relative to the flat bottom case) due to an upslope tilt of the deep cyclone. As the surface vortex collides with the steep topography, the deflection angle increases as the slope increases (i.e. it deflects along slope) at the same time the bottom vorticity peaks, generating a 'collision' cyclone and a slope jet south of the vortex-slope impact. In the realistic steep slope case, along slope translation is dominant when the vortex departs over/near the slope, although the vortex strongly collides with (and rapidly crosses) the slope if it has strong westward inertia. During the cross-slope translation, vorticity restoration by vortex compression occurs with relatively small poleward translation. At the point of maximum bottom vorticity, rapid vortex erosion occurs horizontally and vertically, and southwestward translation is restored. Comparison of vortex translation over four different slope orientations suggests that the vortex is strongly affected by the location of adjacent cyclones which tend to propagate onshore and poleward simultaneously, and that the combined planetary and topographic beta-effect slows the vortex translation on the northern slope. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hyun, Kyung Hoon] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hyun, KH (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hoon.hyun@gmail.com; hogan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10-11 BP 1246 EP 1260 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.011 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321BL UT WOS:000257279100003 ER PT J AU Green, RE Gould, RW Ko, DS AF Green, Rebecca E. Gould, Richard W., Jr. Ko, Dong S. TI Statistical models for sediment/detritus and dissolved absorption coefficients in coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal waters; river plume; optical properties; CDOM; tripton; satellite ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; ORGANIC-MATTER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN COLOR; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER AB We developed statistically-based, optical models to estimate tripton (sediment/detrital) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficients (a(sd), a(g)) from physical hydrographic and atmospheric properties. The models were developed for northern Gulf of Mexico shelf waters using multi-year satellite and physical data. First, empirical algorithms for satellite-derived a(sd) and a(g) were developed, based on comparison with a large data set of cruise measurements from northern Gulf shelf waters; these algorithms were then applied to a time series of ocean color (SeaWiFS) satellite imagery for 2002-2005. Unique seasonal timing was observed in satellite-derived optical properties, with a(sd) peaking most often in fall/winter on the shelf, in contrast to summertime peaks observed in a(g). Next, the satellite-derived values were coupled with the physical data to form multiple regression models. A suite of physical forcing variables were tested for inclusion in the models: discharge from the Mississippi River and Mobile Bay, Alabama; gridded fields for winds, precipitation, solar radiation, sea surface temperature and height (SST, SSH); and modeled surface salinity and currents (Navy Coastal Ocean Model, NCOM). For satellite-derived ald and ag time series (2002-2004), correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed the most important physical forcing variables. Over our region of interest, the best predictors of tripton absorption were wind speed, river discharge, and SST, whereas dissolved absorption was best predicted by east-west wind speed, river discharge, and river discharge lagged by 1 month. These results suggest the importance of vertical mixing (as a function of winds and thermal stratification) in controlling ald distribution patterns over large regions of the shelf, in comparison to advection as the most important control on ag. The multiple linear regression models for estimating a(sd) and a(g) were applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis and results were compared to monthly SeaWiFS composite imagery. The models performed well in resolving seasonal and interannual optical variability in model development years (2002-2004) (mean error of 32% for a(sd) and 29% for a(g)) and in predicting shelfwide optical patterns in a year independent of model development (2005; mean error of 41% for a,d and 46% for ag). The models provide insight into the dominant processes controlling optical distributions in this region, and they can be used to predict the optical fields from the physical properties at monthly timescales. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Green, Rebecca E.; Gould, Richard W., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Optic Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] USN, Res Lab, Coastal & Semi Enclosed Seas Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Green, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Optic Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rgreen@nrissc.navy.mil; rgould@nrlssc.navy.mil; ko@nrissc.navy.mil NR 55 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10-11 BP 1273 EP 1285 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.019 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321BL UT WOS:000257279100005 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, Peter C. TI Probability distribution function of the upper equatorial Pacific current speeds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL OCEAN MODELS; STOCHASTIC STABILITY AB The probability distribution function (PDF) of the upper (0-50 m) tropical Pacific current speeds (w), constructed from hourly ADCP data (1990-2007) at six stations for the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project, satisfies the two-parameter Weibull distribution reasonably well with different characteristics between El Nino and La Nina events: In the western Pacific, the PDF of w has a larger peakedness during the La Nina events than during the El Nino events; and vice versa in the eastern Pacific. However, the PDF of w for the lower layer (100-200 m) does not fit the Weibull distribution so well as the upper layer. This is due to the different stochastic differential equations between upper and lower layers in the tropical Pacific. For the upper layer, the stochastic differential equations, established on the base of the Ekman dynamics, have analytical solution, i. e., the Rayleigh distribution (simplest form of the Weibull distribution), for constant eddy viscosity K. Knowledge on PDF of w during the El Nino and La Nina events will improve the ensemble horizontal flux calculation, which contributes to the climate studies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 AR L12606 DI 10.1029/2008GL033669 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 321ML UT WOS:000257309200002 ER PT J AU Patadia, F Gupta, P Christopher, SA Reid, JS AF Patadia, Falguni Gupta, Pawan Christopher, Sundar A. Reid, Jeffrey S. TI A Multisensor satellite-based assessment of biomass burning aerosol radiative impact over Amazonia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; MEASURING MISSION SATELLITE; FLUX ESTIMATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; TERRA SATELLITE; DUST AEROSOLS; PART II; SCAR-B; CLOUDS AB Using spatially and temporally collocated multispectral, multiangle and broadband data sets from the Terra satellite, the role of biomass burning ( BB) smoke particles on cloud-free top of atmosphere (TOA) direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) is examined. A 5- year analysis during the peak biomass burning months of August and September is presented over South America (0 degrees-20 degrees S and 45 degrees W-65 degrees W). Our results indicate that over 5 years, the TOA diurnally averaged SWARF (DSWARF) from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanner ranges between -5.2 Wm(-2) and -9.4 Wm(-2) with a mean value of -7.6 Wm(-2) and an estimated uncertainty of +/- 1.4 Wm(-2). The corresponding Multi Angle Spectroradiometer (MISR) aerosol optical thickness (AOT at 0.558 mu m) ranged from 0.15 to 0.36 with a mean value of 0.24. The estimated mean TOA aerosol radiative forcing efficiency ( Et) is -44.2 Wm(-2)tau(-1) and is in good agreement with previous studies. We also examined the beta versions of the MISR data products such as the angstrom exponent (AE) and fraction of AOT in different size bins to assess the role of BB aerosol particle properties on SWARF. Our analysis indicates that the MISR retrieved 5 year mean AE is 1.54. Contribution to total AOT from small, medium and large particles is 66%, 16% and 18% respectively. This is the first multiyear assessment of SWARF for biomass burning aerosol particles using satellite observations alone and should serve as a useful constraint for numerical modeling simulations that estimate SWARF. C1 [Patadia, Falguni; Gupta, Pawan; Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Aerosol & Radiat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Patadia, F (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM sundar@nsstc.uah.edu RI Gupta, Pawan/F-3624-2011; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12214 DI 10.1029/2007JD009486 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MT UT WOS:000257310000004 ER PT J AU Terwey, WD Montgomery, MT AF Terwey, Wesley D. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Secondary eyewall formation in two idealized, full-physics modeled hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SMOOTH CIRCULAR VORTICES; TROPICAL CYCLONE; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; SIMULATED HURRICANE; STORM STRUCTURE AB Prevailing hypotheses for secondary eyewall formation are examined using data sets from two high-resolution mesoscale numerical model simulations of the long-time evolution of an idealized hurricane vortex in a quiescent tropical environment with constant background rotation. The modeled hurricanes each undergo a secondary eyewall cycle, casting doubt on a number of other authors' hypotheses for secondary eyewall formation due to idealizations present in the simulation formulations. A new hypothesis for secondary eyewall formation is proposed here and is shown to be supported by these high-resolution numerical simulations. The hypothesis requires the existence of a region with moderate horizontal strain deformation and a sufficient low-level radial potential vorticity gradient associated with the primary swirling flow, moist convective potential, and a wind-moisture feedback process at the air-sea interface to form the secondary eyewall. The crux of the formation process is the generation of a finite-amplitude lower-tropospheric cyclonic jet outside the primary eyewall with a jet width on the order of a local effective beta scale determined by the mean low-level radial potential vorticity gradient and the root-mean square eddy velocity. This jet is hypothesized to be generated by the anisotropic upscale cascade and axisymmetrization of convectively generated vorticity anomalies through horizontal shear turbulence and sheared vortex Rossby waves as well as by the convergence of system-scale cyclonic vorticity by the low-level radial inflow associated with the increased convection. Possible application to the problem of forecasting secondary eyewall events is briefly considered. C1 [Terwey, Wesley D.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Terwey, Wesley D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Terwey, WD (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Earth Sci, 307 Univ Blvd,N LSCB 136, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM terwey@atmos.colostate.edu NR 73 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12112 DI 10.1029/2007JD008897 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 321MR UT WOS:000257309800001 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Kaminska, E Hensel-Bielowka, S Chelmecka, E Paluch, M Ziolo, J Wlodarczyk, P Ngai, KL AF Kaminski, K. Kaminska, E. Hensel-Bielowka, S. Chelmecka, E. Paluch, M. Ziolo, J. Wlodarczyk, P. Ngai, K. L. TI Identification of the molecular motions responsible for the slower secondary relaxation in sucrose SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE RANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BETA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMICS; GLUCOSE; MIXTURES; LIQUIDS AB Broad-band isothermal dielectric relaxation measurements of anhydrous sucrose were made at ambient pressure in its liquid and glassy states. We found a new secondary relaxation that is slower than the one commonly observed in sugars. Additionally, we carried out the dielectric measurements of the equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose in wide ranges of temperature and frequency. Comparison of the behavior of these two systems allowed us to make suggestions on the origin of the slower beta-relaxation in sucrose. Computer simulations and coupling model calculations were performed to support our interpretation of the kind of molecular motions responsible for the slower secondary relaxation in the disaccharide considered. C1 [Kaminski, K.; Kaminska, E.; Hensel-Bielowka, S.; Chelmecka, E.; Paluch, M.; Ziolo, J.; Wlodarczyk, P.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Chelmecka, E.] L Warynski Silesian Med Acad, Dept Instrumental Anal, Div Stat, Sosnowiec, Poland. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminski, K (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI Chelmecka, Elzbieta/O-5223-2015 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 26 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 25 BP 7662 EP 7668 DI 10.1021/jp711502a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 315ZX UT WOS:000256919800040 PM 18512977 ER PT J AU Brukman, MJ Gao, GT Nemanich, RJ Harrison, JA AF Brukman, Matthew J. Gao, Guangtu Nemanich, Robert J. Harrison, Judith A. TI Temperature dependence of single-asperity diamond-diamond friction elucidated using AFM and MD Simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; THERMALLY ACTIVATED FRICTION; JKR-DMT TRANSITION; SCALE FRICTION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRIPLE JUNCTIONS; CARBON COATINGS; CONTACT AREA; ADHESION AB Complementary experimental (atomic force microscopy) and theoretical (molecular dynamics) techniques were used to investigate friction between diamond-diamond junctions as a function of temperature. The simulation and experimental conditions were designed to correspond as closely as possible. In the atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments, two microcrystalline-diamond (mu CD) AFM tips of differing contact radii were used to examine the friction of diamond (111) and (001) single crystals from 24 to 225 K in an ultrahigh vacuum. At all temperatures, the experimentally determined dependence of friction on load was consistent with the occurrence of single-asperity interfacial friction, where friction is proportional to contact area. In addition, the behavior of the contact was fit well by the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov continuum model. Friction measurements within a given series were highly repeatable; however, as is typical with AFM measurements, there was some variation in measurements taken from different regions of the sample and with different tips. Interfacial shear strength, or the intrinsic resistance to sliding, decreased slightly with increasing temperature for both surfaces. To shed additional insight into the AFM results, MD simulations were performed with the diamond single crystals of the same orientation. The calculations also show that the average friction force decreased slightly as the temperature increased for both diamond surfaces and for all sliding directions. Both AFM and MD results agree with the numerical analysis of friction as a function of temperature published by Sang et al. (Sang, Y.; Dube, M.; Grant, M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 87, 174301). C1 [Gao, Guangtu; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brukman, Matthew J.; Nemanich, Robert J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nemanich, Robert J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 77 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 26 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 25 BP 9358 EP 9369 DI 10.1021/jp711959e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 315ZZ UT WOS:000256920000038 ER PT J AU Garcia-Infanta, JM Swaminathan, S Zhilyaev, AP Carreno, F Ruano, OA McNelley, TR AF Garcia-Infanta, J. M. Swaminathan, S. Zhilyaev, A. P. Carreno, F. Ruano, O. A. McNelley, T. R. TI Microstructural development during equal channel angular pressing of hypo-eutectic Al-Si casting alloy by different processing routes SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum-silicon alloys; equal channel angular pressing; strain path; microstructure; microtexture; shear texture ID GRAIN SUBDIVISION; STRAIN PATH; ALUMINUM; DEFORMATION; REFINEMENT; EXTRUSION; ECAP AB An as-cast Al-7 wt.% Si alloy was subjected to repetitive equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a 90 degrees die at ambient temperature and following either route A, which involves monotonically increasing strain through a sequence of passes, or route B-C, wherein the strains are redundant after every four passes. Microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The shape changes of the microstructure constituents mirror the idealized straining for repetitive processing by these routes. Thus, the morphology and distribution of the eutectic constituent in processed materials reflect mainly geometrical effects, although elongated Si and Al5FeSi particles in the eutectic are also broken up. Grain refinement in the primary Al constituent is also strain-path dependent: grain subdivision combined with geometric effects is operative in material processed by route A, while grain subdivision alone predominates in material processed by route B-C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swaminathan, S.; McNelley, T. R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Garcia-Infanta, J. M.; Zhilyaev, A. P.; Carreno, F.; Ruano, O. A.] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met CENIM, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM TMcNelley@nps.edu RI Carreno, Fernando/F-6141-2011; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015; OI Carreno, Fernando/0000-0003-0754-2518; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.080 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 305RA UT WOS:000256194300022 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Barrick, DE Ito, T Cook, MS AF Ramp, Steven R. Barrick, Donald E. Ito, Tomotaka Cook, Michael S. TI Variability of the Kuroshio Current south of Sagami Bay as observed using long-range coastal HF radars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LARGE MEANDER; SURFACE CURRENTS; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; PATH AB Ocean surface currents between Cape Nojima and Hachijo Island have been mapped since fall 2000 using a pair of SeaSonde long-range HF radars. During September 2000 through December 2001, the no large meander (NLM) nearshore (n) and offshore (o) modes were observed. The surface current maps allowed new details to be observed in the structure of these modes and the transitions between them. Two noteworthy phenomena include blocking of the surface currents when the Kuroshio was in an extreme nearshore position behind the Zenisu Ridge and the ''Kyucho'' pattern when the current retroflexed from the NLMo position. In early 2004, a large meander (LM) developed and was well established in its historical position south of Honshu by August 2004. Subsequently, the LM continued propagating downstream, but stopped when it encountered the Izu Ridge. It then moved back to its original position near 137.5 degrees E, and the process repeated itself. This east-west oscillation resulted in two common positions for the LM south of Sagami Bay: from its more westerly position (LMw, for west) the Kuroshio had a very favorable approach to the deep gap between Miyake Island and the Zenisu Ridge, and the currents were strongly toward the northeast through the region. When the meander moved up against the ridge (LMe, for east), a strong along-ridge current toward the northwest was evident, which turned sharply northeast when it encountered the shallow Zenisu Ridge. The dominant timescale for this within-mode variability was about 30 days. C1 [Ramp, Steven R.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Barrick, Donald E.] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Ito, Tomotaka] Japan Coast Guard, Hydrog & Oceanog Dept, Tokyo 1040045, Japan. [Cook, Michael S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM sramp@mbari.org NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C6 AR C06024 DI 10.1029/2007JC004132 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321NI UT WOS:000257311900003 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Hogan, P Metzger, EJ AF Zamudio, Luis Hogan, Patrick Metzger, E. Joseph TI Summer generation of the Southern Gulf of California eddy train SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED WAVE-PROPAGATION; OCEAN MIXED-LAYER; TURBID BLACK-SEA; WATER TURBIDITY; WEST-COAST; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; MEXICO; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Ocean color and sea surface temperature satellite-observations show the existence of a series of anticyclonic eddies along the axis of the southern Gulf of California (SGOC). To investigate the summer generation of these eddies, a regional version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the GOC and has been nested inside the global model. A suite of experiments, using the nested GOC model, was developed and used to isolate the effects of the local wind and the effects of the oceanic remote forcing on the generation of the SGOC eddies. The results indicate that the local wind is not essential for the generation of these eddies rather it is the oceanic remote forcing. In the SGOC the monthly variability of the currents and sea surface height is mainly due to the deterministic near-coastal poleward eastern boundary currents (PEBC). The interaction of the PEBC with the topographic irregularities (the capes at Topolobampo and Cabo Lobos and the ridges extending offshore from the entrance of the San Lorenzo and Sinaloa Rivers) generates the SGOC eddies. The northward upper-ocean transport induced by the PEBC includes two maximums, one in May-June and the other in December. During the summers of 1999 and 2004 the PEBC were intensified by the arrival of equatorially-originated downwelling coastally-trapped-waves (CTWs), which contributed to the generation of the SGOC eddies. The summer 2004 CTW increased the northward upper-ocean transport by similar to 2 Sv. This particular CTW was measured by several tide gauges located along the coast. C1 [Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zamudio, Luis; Hogan, Patrick; Metzger, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM luiz.zamudio@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C6 AR C06020 DI 10.1029/2007JC004467 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 321NI UT WOS:000257311900004 ER PT J AU Kim, S Zimmerman, JD Focardi, P Gossard, AC Wu, DH Sherwin, MS AF Kim, Sangwoo Zimmerman, Jeramy D. Focardi, Paolo Gossard, Arthur C. Wu, Dong Ho Sherwin, Mark S. TI Room temperature terahertz detection based on bulk plasmons in antenna-coupled GaAs field effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A first generation of antenna-coupled GaAs metal-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MESFETs) is fabricated, modeled, and tested for room-temperature terahertz detection. For fixed excitation frequencies between 0.14 and 1 THz, the source-drain current (signal) is monitored as the gate and drain voltages are varied. The signal shows resonances when applied voltages sweep the charge density in the MESFET through values at which the bulk plasmon is resonant with the excitation frequency. For these unoptimized devices, the measured system noise-equivalent power is similar to 5x10(-8) W/Hz(1/2); the electronics-limited response time is 10 ns. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, Sangwoo; Sherwin, Mark S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zimmerman, Jeramy D.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Focardi, Paolo] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM swkim@physics.ucsb.edu RI Zimmerman, Jeramy/C-2273-2009 OI Zimmerman, Jeramy/0000-0001-8936-5345 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 25 AR 253508 DI 10.1063/1.2947587 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320KC UT WOS:000257231200088 ER PT J AU Hou, WL Gray, DJ Weidemann, AD Arnone, RA AF Hou, Weilin Gray, Deric J. Weidemann, Alan D. Arnone, Robert A. TI Comparison and validation of point spread models for imaging in natural waters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB It is known that scattering by particulates within natural waters is the main cause of the blur in underwater images. Underwater images can be better restored or enhanced with knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) of the water. This will extend the performance range as well as the information retrieval from underwater electro- optical systems, which is critical in many civilian and military applications, including target and especially mine detection, search and rescue, and diver visibility. A better understanding of the physical process involved also helps to predict system performance and simulate it accurately on demand. The presented effort first reviews several PSF models, including the introduction of a semianalytical PSF given optical properties of the medium, including scattering albedo, mean scattering angles and the optical range. The models under comparison include the empirical model of Duntley, a modified PSF model by Dolin et al, as well as the numerical integration of analytical forms from Wells, as a benchmark of theoretical results. For experimental results, in addition to that of Duntley, we validate the above models with measured point spread functions by applying field measured scattering properties with Monte Carlo simulations. Results from these comparisons suggest it is sufficient but necessary to have the three parameters listed above to model PSFs. The simplified approach introduced also provides adequate accuracy and flexibility for imaging applications, as shown by examples of restored underwater images. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Hou, Weilin; Gray, Deric J.; Weidemann, Alan D.; Arnone, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hou@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 23 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 13 BP 9958 EP 9965 DI 10.1364/OE.16.009958 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 325BT UT WOS:000257563900078 PM 18575566 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Gattinger, RL Gumbel, J Llewellyn, EJ Degenstein, DA Khaplanov, M Witt, G AF Stevens, Michael H. Gattinger, R. L. Gumbel, J. Llewellyn, E. J. Degenstein, D. A. Khaplanov, M. Witt, G. TI First UV satellite observations of mesospheric water vapor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EMISSION RATE FACTORS; A-X SYSTEM; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; OH; H2O; FLUORESCENCE AB [1] We report the first UV satellite observations of mesospheric water vapor. The measurements are of nonthermal OH prompt emission between 300-330 nm produced directly from the photodissociation of water vapor by H Lyman-alpha. This technique is most sensitive to water vapor concentrations between 70-90 km altitude. We present OH data from two limb scanning experiments: the Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) and the Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System (OSIRIS). Interpretation of the lower resolution (similar to 1 nm) OSIRIS spectra requires the rotational emission rate factors for OH( 1,1) solar fluorescence between 313-318 nm, which we present for the first time herein. Comparison of water vapor concentration profiles with the most coincident profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite shows agreement to within 30% between 75-80 km for both MAHRSI and OSIRIS. We discuss the benefits of this promising new approach to measuring upper mesospheric water vapor and the need for new laboratory measurements to improve the analysis. C1 [Stevens, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gattinger, R. L.; Llewellyn, E. J.; Degenstein, D. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Gumbel, J.; Khaplanov, M.; Witt, G.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.stevens@nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D12 AR D12304 DI 10.1029/2007JD009513 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 317YH UT WOS:000257055800006 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI A century of polar faculae variations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID SUNS MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; CYCLE; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; FLUX AB The numbers of faculae at the poles of the Sun have been estimated from white-light images obtained at the Mount Wilson Observatory during 1985-2006 and combined with prior estimates extending back to 1906, when the observations began. The combined data show an 11 yr cyclic variation with faculae maxima occurring during sunspot minima in each of the past 10 sunspot cycles. Also, these numbers of polar faculae are well correlated with the line-of-sight component of the polar magnetic field measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory since 1976. The numbers of polar faculae show a secular decrease since 1986, suggesting that the polar fields are now weaker than they have been during any cycle in the past century. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1553 EP 1559 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400061 ER PT J AU Moore, TE Fok, MC Delcourt, DC Slinker, SP Fedder, JA AF Moore, T. E. Fok, M. -C. Delcourt, D. C. Slinker, S. P. Fedder, J. A. TI Plasma plume circulation and impact in an MHD substorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; RING CURRENT; DENSITY; EVENTS; SHEET; MODEL AB We investigate the fate of a plasmaspheric plume generated by a discrete period of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to assess its contribution to plasma sheet and ring current pressure and compare with that for other sources. We use test particle motions in Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global circulation model fields. The inner magnetosphere is simulated with the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM) model of Fok and Wolf, driven by the transpolar potential developed by the LFM magnetosphere. A variant of the Ober plasmasphere model is embedded within the models and driven by them. Global circulation is stimulated by a period of southward IMF embedded within a long interval of northward IMF. This leads to the production of a well-defined plasmaspheric plume, enhancing the plasma density sunward of the plasmasphere. Test particles are launched with the properties of plasmaspheric ions on the L = 6.6 R(E) shell and weighted with densities as specified by the Ober model, as it responds to convection imposed by CRCM. Particles are tracked until they are lost from the system downstream or into the atmosphere, using the Delcourt full equations of motion, implemented for finite element fields. Results are compared with earlier computations of polar and auroral wind outflows. The plume produces an enhanced flow of plasma similar to 10 times the normal polar wind global fluence. However, we find that most of the "plasmaspheric wind'' is lost from the magnetosphere such that its contribution to the ring current energy density is comparable to that of the normal polar wind for this type of event. C1 [Moore, T. E.; Fok, M. -C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Delcourt, D. C.] Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, UMR 8639, F-94107 St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Slinker, S. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fedder, J. A.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 670, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thomas.e.moore@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A6 AR A06219 DI 10.1029/2008JA013050 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 317ZU UT WOS:000257060200002 ER PT J AU Baran, KL Chimenti, MS Schlessman, JL Fitch, CA Herbst, KJ Garcia-Moreno, BE AF Baran, Kelli L. Chimenti, Michael S. Schlessman, Jamie L. Fitch, Carolyn A. Herbst, Katie J. Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E. TI Electrostatic effects in a network of polar and ionizable groups in staphylococcal nuclease SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pK(a) values; histidine; NMR spectroscopy; continuum electrostatics; networks ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WATER PENETRATION; PK(A) VALUES; ACTIVE-SITE; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATICS; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SALT SENSITIVITY AB His121 and His124 are embedded in a network of polar and ionizable groups on the surface of staphylococcal nuclease. To examine how membership in a network affects the electrostatic,properties of ionizable groups, the tautomeric state and the pK(a) values of these histidines were measured with NMR spectroscopy in the wild-type nuclease and in 13 variants designed to disrupt the network. In the background protein, His121 and His124 titrate with pK(a) values of 5.2 and 5.6, respectively. In the variants, where the network was disrupted, the pKa values range from 4.03 to 6.46 for His121, and 5.04 to 5.99 for His124. The largest decrease in a pK(a) was observed when the favorable Coulomb interaction between His121 and Glu75 was eliminated; the largest increase was observed when Tyr91 or Tyr93 was substituted with Ala or Phe. In all variants, the dominant tautomeric state at neutral pH was the N(epsilon 2) state. At one level the network behaves as a rigid unit that does not readily reorganize when disrupted: crystal structures of the E75A or E75Q variants show that even when the pivotal Glu75 is removed, the overall configuration of the network was unaffected. On the other hand, a few key hydrogen bonds appear to govern the conformation of the network, and when these bonds are disrupted the network reorganizes. Coulomb interactions within the network report an effective dielectric constant of 20, whereas a dielectric constant of 80 is more consistent with the magnitude of medium to long-range Coulomb interactions in this protein. The data demonstrate that when structures are treated as static, rigid bodies, structure-based pK(a) calculations with continuum electrostatics method are not useful to treat ionizable groups in cases where pKa values are governed by short-range polar and Coulomb interactions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baran, Kelli L.; Chimenti, Michael S.; Fitch, Carolyn A.; Herbst, Katie J.; Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garcia-Moreno, BE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bertrand@jhu.edu NR 68 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 379 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.021 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 314NJ UT WOS:000256815800009 PM 18499123 ER PT J AU Furukawa, T Michopoulos, JG AF Furukawa, Tomonari Michopoulos, John G. TI Computational design of multiaxial tests for anisotropic material characterization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; anisotropic materials; material characterization; inverse analysis; singular value decomposition ID COMPOSITES AB Although anisotropic materials provide more capabilities for mission- and application-tailored design and functional flexibility to final structures than regular isotropic materials, the directional behavior of the anisotropic materials further complicates their inelastic and damage behavior. Such a non-linear behavior can be effectively observed and characterized by multiaxial testing, but how to design a multiaxial test for material characterization given a specimen remains an untouched issue. This paper presents a methodology that numerically designs the loading path of a multiaxial testing machine to characterize anisotropic materials. The multiaxial test must be able to exhibit quantities used to characterize materials as distinctly as possible. The proposed methodology formulates distinguishability and uniqueness as such quantities by first analyzing the specimen on a continuum basis with finite element method and then applying singular value decomposition. Associating the distinguishability and uniqueness with the informativeness of the loading path, the design problem is formulated such that an effective loading path can be found efficiently by a standard optimization method. Numerical examples first investigate the validity of the distinguishability and the uniqueness as performance measures to evaluate loading paths. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been then confirmed by analyzing it with and applying it to design problems. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Autonomous Syst, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci Special Projects Grp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Autonomous Syst, J17, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM t.furukawa@unsw.edu.au RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1872 EP 1895 DI 10.1002/nme.2243 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 322CB UT WOS:000257351700004 ER PT J AU Drozd-Rzoska, A Rzoska, SJ Roland, CM Imre, AR AF Drozd-Rzoska, Aleksandra Rzoska, Sylwester J. Roland, C. Michael Imre, Attila R. TI On the pressure evolution of dynamic properties of supercooled liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Science-Foundation Exploratory Workshop on Glassy Liquids Under Pressure CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Ustron, POLAND SP European Sci Fdn ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; O-TERPHENYL; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; METASTABLE LIQUIDS; ELEVATED PRESSURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION AB A pressure counterpart of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation for representing the evolution of dielectric relaxation times or related dynamic properties is discussed: tau(P)=tau(P)(0) exp[D(P)Delta P(P(0)-Delta P)],where Delta P=P-P(SL), P(0) is the ideal glass pressure estimation, D(P) is the pressure fragility strength coefficient, and the prefactor tau(P)(0) is related to the relaxation time at the stability limit (P(SL)) in the negative pressure domain. The discussion is extended to the Avramov model (AvM) relation tau(T, P) = tau(0) exp[epsilon(T(g)(P)/T)(D)], supplemented with a modified Simon-Glatzel-type equation for the pressure dependence of the glass temperature (Tg(P)), enabling an insight into the negative pressure region. A recently postulated (Dyre 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 953) comparison between the VFT and the AvM-type descriptions is examined, for both the temperature and the pressure paths. Finally, we address the question 'Does fragility depend on pressure?' from the title of Paluch M et al (2001 J. Chem. Phys. 114 8048) and propose a pressure counterpart for the 'Angell plot'. C1 [Drozd-Rzoska, Aleksandra; Rzoska, Sylwester J.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Roland, C. Michael] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Imre, Attila R.] KFKI Atom Energy Res Inst, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Drozd-Rzoska, A (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI Imre, Attila/E-9016-2011 OI Imre, Attila/0000-0003-4604-5899 NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 24 AR 244103 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/24/244103 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310UQ UT WOS:000256556400004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Wrzalik, R Paluch, M Ziolo, J Roland, CM AF Kaminski, K. Wrzalik, R. Paluch, M. Ziolo, J. Roland, C. M. TI Pressure-induced polymerization of phenoxyethyl acrylate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Science-Foundation Exploratory Workshop on Glassy Liquids Under Pressure CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Ustron, POLAND SP European Sci Fdn ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; ETHYLENE; STYRENE AB Polymerization of phenoxyethyl acrylate was induced without catalyst or initiators by the application of hydrostatic pressure at elevated temperature. Broadband dielectric and infrared spectroscopy were employed to follow the course of the reaction, which reached a degree of conversion of 60%. The structure of the obtained polymer was determined from density functional theory calculations. C1 [Kaminski, K.; Wrzalik, R.; Paluch, M.; Ziolo, J.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminski, K (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 24 AR 244121 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/24/244121 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310UQ UT WOS:000256556400022 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. TI Impact of the application of pressure on the fundamental understanding of glass transition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Science-Foundation Exploratory Workshop on Glassy Liquids Under Pressure CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Ustron, POLAND SP European Sci Fdn ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED O-TERPHENYL; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; FORMING LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Several remarkable dynamic properties of glass-forming materials have recently been discovered experimentally by the application of pressure. These properties have had a great impact on the research field of glass transition because they are general and fundamental, and not easy to explain. We review some of these experimental facts and show that they originate from the intermolecular interactions and many-body relaxation dynamics of the structural a-relaxation. While these properties are either not explained or not explainable by conventional theories and models, they can be rationalized by the coupling model. C1 [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Capaccioli, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, S.] CNR, INFM, PolyLab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 141 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 24 AR 244101 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/24/244101 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310UQ UT WOS:000256556400002 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Roland, CM AF Ngai, K. L. Prevosto, D. Capaccioli, S. Roland, C. M. TI Guides to solving the glass transition problem SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Science-Foundation Exploratory Workshop on Glassy Liquids Under Pressure CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Ustron, POLAND SP European Sci Fdn ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; DEPOLARIZED LIGHT-SCATTERING; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MOLTEN ZINC-CHLORIDE; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS AB Relaxation in glass-forming substances is necessarily a many-body problem because of intermolecular interactions and constraints. Results from molecular dynamics simulations and experiments are used to reveal the critical elements and general effects originating from many-body relaxation, but not dealt with in conventional theories of the glass transition. Although many-body relaxation is still an unsolved problem in statistical mechanics, these critical elements and general effects will serve as guides to the construction of a satisfactory theory of the glass transition. This effort is aided by concepts drawn from the coupling model, whose predictions have been shown to be consistent with experimental facts. C1 [Ngai, K. L.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Prevosto, D.; Capaccioli, S.] Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, PolyLab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 81 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 24 AR 244125 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/24/244125 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 310UQ UT WOS:000256556400026 ER PT J AU Magno, R Champlain, JG Newman, HS Ancona, MG Culbertson, JC Bennett, BR Boos, JB Park, D AF Magno, R. Champlain, J. G. Newman, H. S. Ancona, M. G. Culbertson, J. C. Bennett, B. R. Boos, J. B. Park, D. TI Antimonide-based diodes for terahertz mixers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; ALLOYS AB Antimonide-based p(+)N junctions have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and processed into diodes. The diodes have good rectification with ideality factors near 1, and high saturation current densities of 2.5x10(-2) A/cm(2). S-parameter measurements to 50 GHz indicate a 1 Omega series resistance and a capacitance of 1.2 fF/mu m(2) for a 5 mu m diameter mesa diode. A cutoff frequency of 6.5 THz is estimated from the RC product. The high saturation current indicates that this diode will reach forward bias currents at substantially lower voltages than GaAs Schottky diodes. These properties suggest using the diode as a terahertz mixer. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Magno, R.; Champlain, J. G.; Newman, H. S.; Ancona, M. G.; Culbertson, J. C.; Bennett, B. R.; Boos, J. B.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM magno@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 24 AR 243502 DI 10.1063/1.2946658 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 316FO UT WOS:000256934900114 ER PT J AU Monkman, SK Morrice, DJ Bard, JF AF Monkman, Susan K. Morrice, Douglas J. Bard, Jonathan F. TI A production scheduling heuristic for an electronics manufacturer with sequence-dependent setup costs SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE production scheduling; sequence-dependant setup costs; traveling salesman subtour problem; GRASP; product families ID SINGLE-MACHINE; ALGORITHM AB In this paper, we develop a three-step heuristic to address a production scheduling problem at a high volume assemble-to-order electronics manufacturer. The heuristic provides a solution for scheduling multiple product families on parallel, identical production lines so as to minimize setup costs. The heuristic involves assignment, sequencing, and time scheduling steps, with an optimization approach developed for each step. For the most complex step, the sequencing step, we develop a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP). We compare the setup costs resulting from the use of our scheduling heuristic against a heuristic previously developed and implemented at the electronics manufacturer that assumes approximately equal, sequence-independent, setup costs. By explicitly considering the sequence-dependent setup costs and applying GRASP, our empirical results show a reduction in setups costs for an entire factory of 14-21% with a range of single production line reductions from 0% to 49%. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Monkman, Susan K.] Univ Texas Austin, Red McCombs Sch Business, IROM Dept, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Morrice, Douglas J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bard, Jonathan F.] Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Monkman, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Red McCombs Sch Business, IROM Dept, 1 Univ Stn B6500, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM skmonkma@nps.edu; morrice@mail.utexas.edu; jbard@mail.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 187 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1114 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2006.06.063 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 253ZS UT WOS:000252556700025 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, T. L. Schuler, D. L. Lee, J. -S. TI Polarimetric SAR characterization of man-made structures in urban areas using normalized circular-pol correlation coefficients SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polarimetric SAR; urban area detection; circular-pol correlation coefficient; target detection ID COMPENSATION AB Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter from man-made structures in urban areas is quite different than backscatter from predominantly natural areas. Backscatter from natural areas is often reflection symmetric; i.e., characterized by near zero values for covariance matrix off-diagonal terms of the form < SHVSHH*>, < SHVSVV*> and their conjugates. A new approach is proposed to detect scattering from non-reflection symmetric structures using circular-pol, RR-LL, correlation coefficients, vertical bar rho vertical bar. This method creates a normalization term, vertical bar rho(0)vertical bar, and then forms a ratio, vertical bar rho vertical bar/vertical bar rho(0)vertical bar. The normalization term, vertical bar rho(0)vertical bar, contains the same diagonal terms of the covariance matrix. The (SHVSHH*) and (SHVSVV*) off-diagonal terms and their conjugates are purposely set to zero. The ratio, vertical bar rho vertical bar/rho(0)vertical bar, is rewritten as a product of separable helicity (tau) and orientation angle (theta) dependencies. The mathematical form of the tau dependence is a resonant singularity, or pole, term. This pole significantly enhances returns from man-made, high helicity, non-reflection symmetric structures. These structures have values of tau near the resonance value at tau = +/- 1. Natural scatterers possess very strong RR/LL symmetry (tau approximate to 0) and the pole response for them is correspondingly weak. The dependence of vertical bar p vertical bar/vertical bar p(0)vertical bar on the orientation angle (theta) is known from previous studies to be useful for measuring urban building alignments (relative to the azimuth direction) and measuring surface topography. The ratio vertical bar p vertical bar/vertical bar p(0)vertical bar reduces much of the un-needed image detail of backscatter variations from natural areas of different surface roughness. This image simplification further facilitates detection of localized man-made targets. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ainsworth, T. L.; Schuler, D. L.; Lee, J. -S.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ainsworth@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2876 EP 2885 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 316YR UT WOS:000256986400012 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Zeinali, M Melde, BJ Charles, PT Velez, FL Dinderman, MA Kusterbeck, A Markowitz, MA AF Trammell, Scott A. Zeinali, Mazyar Melde, Brian J. Charles, Paul T. Velez, Freddie L. Dinderman, Michael A. Kusterbeck, Anne Markowitz, Michael A. TI Nanoporous organosilicas as preconcentration materials for the electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; NITROAROMATIC EXPLOSIVES; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; ACIDIC CONDITIONS; SILICA PARTICLES AB We describe the use of nanoporous organosilicas for rapid preconcentration and extraction of trinitrotoluene (TNT) for electrochemical analysis and demonstrate the effect of template-directed molecular imprinting on TNT adsorption. The relative effects of the benzene (BENZ)- and diethylbenzene (DEB)-bridged organic-inorganic polymers, having narrow or broad pore size distributions, respectively, on electrochemical response and desorption behavior were examined. Sample volumes of 0.5-10 mL containing 5-1000 ppb TNT in a phosphate-buffered saline buffer were preconcentrated in-line before the detector using a microcolumn containing 10 mg of imprinted BENZ or DEB. Square-wave voltammetry was used to detect the first reduction peak of TNT in an electrochemical flow cell using a carbon working electrode and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Imprinted BENZ released TNT faster than imprinted DEB with considerably less peak tailing and displayed enhanced sensitivity and an improvement in the limit of detection (LOD) owing to more rapid elution of TNT from that material with increasing signal amplitude. For imprinted BENZ, the slope of signal versus concentration scaled linearly with increasing preconcentration volume, and for preconcentrating 10 mL of sample, the LOD for TNT was estimated to be 5 ppb. Template-directed molecularly imprinted DEB (TDMI-DEB) was 7-fold more efficient in adsorption of TNT from aqueous contaminated soil extract than nonimprinted DEB. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Melde, Brian J.; Charles, Paul T.; Dinderman, Michael A.; Kusterbeck, Anne; Markowitz, Michael A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zeinali, Mazyar] nEnvironmental LLC, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Velez, Freddie L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Michael.Markowitz@nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4627 EP 4633 DI 10.1021/ac702263t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400024 PM 18470994 ER PT J AU Smith, CF Halsey, WG Brown, NW Sienicki, JJ Moisseytsev, A Wade, DC AF Smith, Craig F. Halsey, William G. Brown, Neil W. Sienicki, James J. Moisseytsev, Anton Wade, David C. TI SSTAR: the US lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Materials for Heavy Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors and Related Technologies CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY AB It is widely recognized that the developing world is the next area for major energy demand growth, including demand for new and advanced nuclear energy systems. With limited existing industrial and grid infrastructures, there will be an important need for future nuclear energy systems that can provide small or moderate increments of electric power (10-700 MWe) on small or immature grids in developing nations. Most recently, the global nuclear energy partnership (GNEP) has identified, as one of its key objectives, the development and demonstration of concepts for small and medium-sized reactors (SMRs) that can be globally deployed while assuring a high level of proliferation resistance. Lead-cooled systems offer several key advantages in meeting these goals. The small lead-cooled fast reactor concept known as the small secure transportable autonomous reactor (SSTAR) has been under ongoing development as part of the US advanced nuclear energy systems programs. It is a system designed to provide energy security to developing nations while incorporating features to achieve nonproliferation goals, anticipating GNEP objectives. This paper presents the motivation for development of internationally deployable nuclear energy systems as well as a summary of one such system, SSTAR, which is the US Generation IV lead-cooled fast reactor system. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Craig F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smith, Craig F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Halsey, William G.; Brown, Neil W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sienicki, James J.; Moisseytsev, Anton; Wade, David C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cfsmith@nps.edu NR 7 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 376 IS 3 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.02.049 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 322YY UT WOS:000257412400002 ER PT J AU Stone, ME Cohen, ME Berry, DL Ragain, JC AF Stone, Mark E. Cohen, Mark E. Berry, Denise L. Ragain, James C., Jr. TI Design and evaluation of a filter-based chairside amalgam separation system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE amalgam; amalgam separators; mercury; dental wastewater ID MERCURY AB This study evaluated the ability of a chairside filtration system to remove particulate-based mercury (Hg) from dental-unit wastewater. Prototypes of the chairside filtration system were designed and fabricated using reusable filter chambers with disposable filter elements. The system was installed in five dental operatories utilizing filter elements with nominal pore sizes of 50 mu m, 15 mu m, 1 mu m, 0.5 mu m, or with no system installed (control). Daily chairside wastewater samples were collected on ten consecutive days from each room and brought to the laboratory for processing. After processing the wastewater samples, Hg concentrations were determined with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (USEPA method 7470A). Filter systems were exchanged after ten samples were collected so that all five of the configurations were evaluated in each room (with assignment order balanced by a Latin Square). The numbers of surfaces of amalgam placed and removed per day were tracked in each room. In part two, new filter systems with the 0.5 mu m filter elements were installed in the five dental operatories and vacuum levels at the high-velocity evacuation cannula tip were measured with a vacuum gauge. In part three of the study, the chairside filtration system utilizing 0.5 mu m and 15 mu m filter elements was evaluated utilizing the ISO 11143 testing protocol, a laboratory test of amalgam separator efficiency utilizing amalgam samples of known particle size distribution. Mean Hg per chair per day (no filter installed) was 1087.38mg (SD = 993.92mg). Mean Hg per chair per day for the 50 mu m, 15 mu m, 1 mu m, 0.5 mu m filter configurations was 79.13mg (SD = 71.40mg), 23.55mg (SD = 23.25mg), 17.68mg (SD = 17.35mg), and 4.25mg (SD = 6.35mg), respectively (n = 50 for all groups), Calculated removal efficiencies from the clinical samples were 92.7%, 97.8%, 98.4%, and 99.6%, respectively. ANCOVA on data from the four filter groups, with amalgam-surfaces-removed included as a significant covariate, was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Tukey post-hoc comparisons (P <= 0.05) indicated that the 50 mu m filter removed less mercury than all other filters and the 0.5 mu m removed more mercury than the 50 mu m and 15 mu m filters. Chairside vacuum measured on chairs with the 0.5 mu m filters installed were minimally affected at the time of installation, and then gradually diminished as the filters became loaded with debris. The 0.5 mu m configuration passed the ISO 11143 testing protocol at 96.8% efficiency. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stone, Mark E.; Cohen, Mark E.; Berry, Denise L.; Ragain, James C., Jr.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Stone, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Bldg 1-H,310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM mark.stone@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 396 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.037 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 315DO UT WOS:000256858300003 PM 18394681 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Bogoslovov, RB Casalini, R Ellis, AR Bair, S Rzoska, SJ Czuprynski, K Urban, S AF Roland, C. M. Bogoslovov, R. B. Casalini, R. Ellis, A. R. Bair, S. Rzoska, S. J. Czuprynski, K. Urban, S. TI Thermodynamic scaling and the characteristic relaxation time at the phase transition of liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-POWER POTENTIALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; NEMATIC PHASE; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; MEAN FIELD; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; STATIC PERMITTIVITY; GLASS-TRANSITION AB The longitudinal relaxation time tau of a series of alkyl-isothiocyanato-biphenyls (nBT) liquid crystals in the smectic E phase was measured as a function of temperature T and pressure P using dielectric spectroscopy. This relaxation time was found to become essentially constant, independent of T and P, at both the clearing point and the lower temperature crystalline transition. tau(T,P) could also be superposed as a function of the product TV(gamma), where V is the specific volume and gamma is a material constant. It then follows from the invariance of the relaxation time at the transition that the exponent gamma superposing tau(T,V) can be identified with the thermodynamic ratio Gamma=-partial derivative log(T(c))/partial derivative log(V(c)), where the subscript c denotes the value at the phase transition. Analysis of literature data on other liquid crystals shows that they likewise exhibit a constant tau at their phase transitions. Thus, there is a surprising relationship between the thermodynamic conditions defining the stability limits of a liquid crystalline phase and the dynamic properties reflected in the magnitude of the longitudinal relaxation time. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Bogoslovov, R. B.; Casalini, R.; Ellis, A. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bair, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rzoska, S. J.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Czuprynski, K.] Mil Tech Acad, Inst Chem, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland. [Urban, S.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 22 AR 224506 DI 10.1063/1.2931541 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 312XS UT WOS:000256706300031 PM 18554028 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S Emmert, J Drob, DP AF Alken, Patrick Maus, Stefan Emmert, John Drob, Douglas P. TI Improved horizontal wind model HWM07 enables estimation of equatorial ionospheric electric fields from satellite magnetic measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE AB Horizontal neutral winds play an important role in low-latitude ionospheric E and F-region dynamics. In particular, the zonal winds have strong effects on the local structure of the low-latitude ionospheric current system. Accurate wind specification is therefore essential for modeling these currents. In order to investigate the retrieval of eastward electric fields from satellite-derived equatorial electrojet (EEJ) profiles, we consider a provisional Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07) and its implications for the meridional structure of the EEJ. We find that EEJ current profiles predicted using HWM07 agree better with CHAMP magnetometer-derived current profiles than EEJ profiles predicted using the older HWM93 model. The improved wind model opens exciting new possibilities of determining the day-side eastward electric field in the equatorial ionosphere from satellite magnetic field measurements. C1 [Alken, Patrick; Maus, Stefan] NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Emmert, John; Drob, Douglas P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alken, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 AR L11105 DI 10.1029/2008GL033580 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 314KV UT WOS:000256809200001 ER PT J AU Emonts, BHC Morganti, R Oosterloo, TA Holt, J Tadhunter, CN van der Hulst, JM Ojha, R Sadler, EM AF Emonts, B. H. C. Morganti, R. Oosterloo, T. A. Holt, J. Tadhunter, C. N. van der Hulst, J. M. Ojha, R. Sadler, E. M. TI Enormous disc of cool gas surrounding the nearby powerful radio galaxy NGC 612 (PKS 0131-36) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISM kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual : NGC 612; galaxies : interactions ID STAR-FORMATION THRESHOLDS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; NEUTRAL-HYDROGEN; DARK-MATTER; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; FR-I; STELLAR POPULATIONS; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC NUCLEI AB We present the detection of an enormous disc of cool neutral hydrogen (HI) gas surrounding the S0 galaxy NGC612, which hosts one of the nearest powerful radio sources (PKS 0131-36). Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we detect MHI = 1.8 x 10(9) M(circle dot) of HI emission-line gas that is distributed in a 140-kpc wide disc-like structure along the optical disc and dust lane of NGC 612. The bulk of the gas in the disc appears to be settled in regular rotation with a total velocity range of 850 km s(-1), although asymmetries in this disc indicate that perturbations are being exerted on part of the gas, possibly by a number of nearby companions. The HI disc in NGC 612 suggests that the total mass enclosed by the system is M(enc) approximate to 2.9 x 10(12) sin(-2) iM(circle dot), implying that this early-type galaxy contains a massive dark matter halo. We also discuss an earlier study by Holt et al. that revealed the presence of a prominent young stellar population at various locations throughout the disc of NGC612, indicating that this is a rare example of an extended radio source that is hosted by a galaxy with a large-scale star-forming disc. In addition, we map a faint HI bridge along a distance of 400 kpc in between NGC 612 and the gas-rich (MHI = 8.9 x 10(9)M(circle dot)) barred galaxy NGC 619, indicating that likely an interaction between both systems occurred. From the unusual amounts of HI gas and young stars in this early-type galaxy, in combination with the detection of a faint optical shell and the system's high infrared luminosity, we argue that either ongoing or past galaxy interactions or a major merger event are a likely mechanism for the triggering of the radio source in NGC 612. This paper is part of an ongoing study to map the large-scale neutral hydrogen properties of nearby radio galaxies and it presents the first example of large-scale HI detected around a powerful Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR-II) radio galaxy. The HI properties of the FR-II radio galaxy NGC 612 are very similar to those found for low-power compact radio sources, but different from those of extended Fanaroff-Riley type I (FR-I) sources. C1 [Emonts, B. H. C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Morganti, R.; Oosterloo, T. A.] Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Morganti, R.; Oosterloo, T. A.; van der Hulst, J. M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Holt, J.; Tadhunter, C. N.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Holt, J.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Ojha, R.] USN Observ NVI, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Sadler, E. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Emonts, BHC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, Mail Code 5246,550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM emonts@astro.columbia.edu RI van der Hulst, J.M./D-1857-2012; OI Sadler, Elaine/0000-0002-1136-2555 NR 84 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 1 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13142.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 308HH UT WOS:000256378700019 ER PT J AU Farinelli, R Titarchuk, L Paizis, A Frontera, F AF Farinelli, Ruben Titarchuk, Lev Paizis, Ada Frontera, Filippo TI A new comptonization model for weakly magnetized, accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (Scorpius X-1, GX 17+2, Cygnus X-2, GX 340+0, GX 3+1, GX 354-0); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID ENERGY CONCENTRATOR SPECTROMETER; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; COLOR-COLOR DIAGRAM; BLACK-HOLES; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; TIMING-EXPLORER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GX 17+2 AB We have developed a new model for the X-ray spectral fitting package XSPEC that takes into account the effects of both thermal and dynamical (i.e., bulk) Comptonization. The model consists of two components: one is the direct blackbody-like emission due to seed photons that are not subjected to effective Compton scattering, while the other is a convolution of the Green's function of the energy operator with a blackbody-like seed photon spectrum. When combined thermal and bulk effects are considered, the analytical form of the Green's function may be obtained as a solution of the diffusion equation describing Comptonization. Using data from the BeppoSAX, INTEGRAL, and RXTE satellites, we test our model on the spectra of a sample of six bright neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries with low magnetic fields, covering three different spectral states. Particular attention is given to the transient power-law-like hard X-ray (greater than or similar to 30 keV) tails, which we interpret in the framework of the bulk motion Comptonization process. We show that the values of the best-fit delta-parameter, which represents the importance of bulk with respect to thermal Comptonization, can be physically meaningful and can at least qualitatively describe the physical conditions of the environment in the innermost part of the system. Moreover, we show that in fitting the thermal Comptonization spectra to the X-ray spectra of these systems, the best-fit parameters of our model are in excellent agreement with those from compTT, a broadly used and well-established XSPEC model. C1 [Farinelli, Ruben] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Paizis, Ada] INAF, Sez Milano, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20100 Milan, Italy. [Frontera, Filippo] INAF, Sez Bologna, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-40100 Bologna, Italy. RP Farinelli, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM farinelli@fe.infn.it; Lev.Titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil; ada@iasf-milano.inaf.it; frontera@fe.infn.it OI Paizis, Adamantia/0000-0001-5067-0377 NR 55 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 602 EP 614 DI 10.1086/587162 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800049 ER PT J AU DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF DeVore, C. Richard Antiochos, Spiro K. TI Homologous confined filament eruptions via magnetic breakout SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : filaments; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; FLUX-ROPE; INTERNAL RECONNECTION; EXTERNAL RECONNECTION; ROTATING SUNSPOTS; MAXIMUM ENERGY; EIT CRINKLES; FLARES; MODEL AB We describe magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a bipolar active region embedded in the Sun's global background field and subjected to twisting footpoint displacements concentrated near its polarity inversion lines to produce strong magnetic shear. The dipole moments of the active region and background field are antiparallel, so that the initially potential magnetic field contains a coronal null. This configuration supports magnetic breakout eruptions in our simulations that exhibit three novel features. First, the eruptions are multiple and homologous: the flare reconnection following each eruption reforms the magnetic null, setting the stage for a subsequent episode of breakout reconnection and eruption driven by the ongoing footpoint motions. Second, the eruptions are confined; that is, their rapidly rising, moderately sheared field lines do not escape the Sun but instead come to rest in the outer corona, comprising a large coronal loop formed by reconnection during the rise phase. Third, the most strongly sheared field lines of the active region are quite flat prior to eruption, expand upward sharply during the event, and lose most of their shear through reconnection with overlying flux, while lower lying field lines survive the eruption and recover their flat configuration within a few hours. These behaviors are consistent with filament disappearance followed by reformation in place. We also find that the upward motion of the erupting sheared flux exhibits a distinct three-phase acceleration profile. All of these features of our simulations-homology, confinement, reformation, and multiphase acceleration - are well established aspects of solar eruptions. C1 [DeVore, C. Richard; Antiochos, Spiro K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeVore, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM devore@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 55 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 740 EP 756 DI 10.1086/588011 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800062 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Pariat, E Vourlidas, A Antiochos, SK Wuelser, JP AF Patsourakos, S. Pariat, E. Vourlidas, A. Antiochos, S. K. Wuelser, J. P. TI STEREO SECCHI stereoscopic observations constraining the initiation of polar coronal jets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID X-RAY JETS; H-ALPHA SURGES; TRANSITION REGION; SOLAR; HINODE; WAVES; EUV; HOLES AB We report on the first stereoscopic observations of polar coronal jets made by the EUVI/SECCHI imagers on board the twin STEREO spacecraft. The significantly separated viewpoints (similar to 11 degrees) allowed us to infer the 3D dynamics and morphology of a well-defined EUV coronal jet for the first time. Triangulations of the jet's location in simultaneous image pairs led to the true 3D position and thereby its kinematics. Initially the jet ascends slowly at approximate to 10-20 km s(-1) and then, after an apparent "jump" takes place, it accelerates impulsively to velocities exceeding 300 km s(-1) with accelerations exceeding the solar gravity. Helical structure is the most important geometrical feature of the jet which shows evidence of untwisting. The jet structure appears strikingly different from each of the two STEREO viewpoints: face-on in one viewpoint and edge-on in the other. This provides conclusive evidence that the observed helical structure is real and does not result from possible projection effects of single-viewpoint observations. The clear demonstration of twisted structure in polar jets compares favorably with synthetic images from a recent MHD simulation of jets invoking magnetic untwisting as their driving mechanism. Therefore, the latter can be considered as a viable mechanism for the initiation of polar jets. C1 [Patsourakos, S.; Pariat, E.; Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pariat, E.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Inst Computat Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pariat, E.; Antiochos, S. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20774 USA. [Wuelser, J. P.] Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 24 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/589769 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DX UT WOS:000256722400019 ER PT J AU Lapina, K Honrath, RE Owen, RC Martin, MV Hyer, EJ Fialho, P AF Lapina, K. Honrath, R. E. Owen, R. C. Martin, M. Val Hyer, E. J. Fialho, P. TI Late summer changes in burning conditions in the boreal regions and their implications for NOx and CO emissions from boreal fires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; BIOMASS SMOKE INJECTION; AIR-QUALITY; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST-FIRES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; COMBUSTION AB [1] Building emission inventories for the fires in boreal regions remains a challenging task with significant uncertainties in the methods used. In this work, we assess the impact of seasonal trends in fuel consumption and flaming/smoldering ratios on emissions of species dominated by flaming combustion (e. g., NOx) and species dominated by smoldering combustion ( e. g., CO). This is accomplished using measurements of CO and NOy at the free tropospheric Pico Mountain observatory in the central North Atlantic during the active boreal fire seasons of 2004 and 2005. Delta NOy/Delta CO enhancement ratios in aged fire plumes had higher values in June-July (7.3 X 10(-3) mol mol(-1)) relative to the values in August- September (2.8 X 10(-3) mol mol(-1)), indicating that NOx/CO emission ratios declined significantly as the fire season progressed. This is consistent with our understanding that an increased amount of fuel is consumed via smoldering combustion during late summer, as deeper burning of the drying organic soil layer occurs. A major growth in fuel consumption per unit area is also expected, due to deeper burning. Emissions of CO and NOx from North American boreal fires were estimated using the Boreal Wildland Fire Emissions Model, and their long-range transport to the sampling site was modeled using FLEXPART. These simulations were generally consistent with the observations, but the modeled seasonal decline in the Delta NOy/Delta CO enhancement ratio was less than observed. Comparisons using alternative fire emission injection height scenarios suggest that plumes with the highest CO levels at the observatory were lofted well above the boundary layer, likely as a result of intense crown fires. C1 [Lapina, K.; Honrath, R. E.; Owen, R. C.; Martin, M. Val] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hyer, E. J.] Marine Meteorol Div, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Fialho, P.] Univ Azores, Grp Chem & Phys Atmosphere, Climate Meteorol & Global Change Ctr, P-9701851 Terra Cha, Portugal. RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM klapina@mtu.edu RI Val Martin, Maria/D-6955-2011; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Fialho, Paulo/0000-0001-9137-3870 NR 67 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11304 DI 10.1029/2007JD009421 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LH UT WOS:000256810400005 ER PT J AU Sentman, DD Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Morrill, JS AF Sentman, D. D. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. Morrill, J. S. TI Plasma chemistry of sprite streamers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID CATHODE-DIRECTED STREAMER; GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; POSITIVE STREAMER; LOWER IONOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETIC-MODEL; RED SPRITES; BLUE JETS; ELECTRONEGATIVE GASES; ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE AB 1] A study is conducted of the principal chemical effects induced by the passage of a single sprite streamer through the mesosphere at an altitude of 70 km. Recent high-speed imaging of sprite streamers has revealed them to comprise bright (1-100 GR), compact (decameter-scale) heads moving at similar to 10 7 m s(-1). On the basis of these observations, a quantitative model of the chemical dynamics of the streamer head and trailing region is constructed using a nonlinear coupled kinetic scheme of 80+ species and 800+ reactions. In this initial study, chemical processes related to currents in the trailing column and to vibrational kinetics of N-2 and O-2 are not included. The descending streamer head impulsively (tau similar to 10 mu s) ionizes the gas ( fractional ionization density similar to 10(-9)), leaving in its trail a large population of ions, and dissociated and excited neutral byproducts. Electrons created by ionization within the head persist within the trailing column for about 1 s, with losses occurring approximately equally by dissociative attachment with ambient O-3, and by dissociative recombination with the positive ion cluster N2O2+. The ion cluster is produced within the trailing channel by a three-step process involving ionization of N-2, N-2(+) charge exchange with O-2, and finally three-body creation of N2O2+. On the basis of simulation results, it is concluded that the observed reignition of sprites most likely originates in remnant patches of cold electrons in the decaying streamer channels of a previous sprite. Relatively large populations (fractional densities similar to 10(-9)-10(-8)) of the metastable species O(D-1), O(S-1), N(D-2), O-2(a(1)Delta(g)), O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g)), N-2(A(3)Sigma(+)(u)), and N-2(alpha' (1)Sigma(-)(u)) are created in the streamer head. The impulsive creation of these species initiates numerous coupled reaction chains, with most of the consequent effects being of a transient nature persisting for less than 1 s. These include weak (similar to 1 kR), but possibly detectable, OI 557.7 nm and O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g) -> X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) Atmospheric airglow emissions. Neutral active species created in the greatest abundance (fractional densities > 10(-8)) are N-2(X-1 Sigma(+)(g), v), O(P-3), N(S-4), and O-2(alpha(1)Delta(g)), which, because of the absence of readily available chemical dissipation channels, persist for longer than 100s of seconds. Other long-lived (> 1000 s) effects are very weak (similar to 1-10 R) OH(X-2 pi, nu = 6 ... 9 - Delta nu) Meinel emissions produced by O(P-3)- enhanced OH catalysis and O-2(a(1)Delta(g) -> X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) Infrared Atmospheric emissions. Short-lived (similar to 100 s) populations of hydrated positive ions and negative ion clusters are also created in the streamer trail. Electron impact dissociated N(D-2) interacts with O-2 to create a long-lived (> 1000 s) increase (fractional enhancement similar to 75%) of the ambient NO density within the streamer channel, fo a net production of similar to 5 X 1(19) NO molecules for the streamer as a whole. It is suggested that in addition to the optical emissions from electron-impact excited electronic states of N-2, a substantial portion of the spectrum may be due to chemiluminescent processes derived from vibrational kinetics of nitrogen. C1 [Sentman, D. D.; Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Morrill, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sentman, DD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM dsentman@gi.alaska.edu NR 164 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D11 AR D11112 DI 10.1029/2007JD008941 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LH UT WOS:000256810400001 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ Roland, CM AF Ngai, K. L. Plazek, D. J. Roland, C. M. TI On the universality of chain dynamics SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SOFTENING DISPERSION; COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE AB On the basis of a comparison of the dielectric normal mode relaxation times tau(n) of unentangled cis-1,4-polyisoprene, poly(propylene glycol), and polyoxybutylene with literature data for the shear viscosity eta of polystyrene, atactic polypropylene, and polycarbonate from various sources, Ding and Sokolov [Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3322] concluded that the T-g-normalized temperature dependence of tau(n) and eta is the same for all polymers. Liu et al. [Macromolecules 2006, 39, 8867] reached the same conclusion from an examination of their own dynamic mechanical modulus data for 1,4-polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and eight aliphatic copolymers. We verify that the data in these studies ostensibly support a universal T-g-normalized temperature dependence; however, a detailed analysis of viscoelastic data on many different polymers, from creep compliance measurements carried out in the same laboratory, shows unambiguously that the T-g-normalized temperature dependences of tau(n) and eta can vary substantially among polymers. Thus, the behavior of tau(n) and eta is not universal. C1 [Ngai, K. L.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plazek, D. J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 BP 3925 EP 3929 DI 10.1021/ma702814g PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 308MD UT WOS:000256393500028 ER PT J AU Bargmann, S Steinmann, P Jordan, PM AF Bargmann, S. Steinmann, P. Jordan, P. M. TI On the propagation of second-sound in linear and nonlinear media: Results from Green-Naghditheory SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Green-Naghdi theory; second-sound; temperature rate waves; traveling wave solution; Lambert W-function ID LAMBERT-W-FUNCTION; DISCONTINUITY WAVES; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; HEAT-CONDUCTION; VISCOUS FLUID; THERMOELASTICITY AB We investigate thermal wave propagation in one-dimensional media according to Green-Naghdi's heat conduction theory. Under the linearized theory, the dynamic propagation of a Heaviside input signal in h half-space is examined. Exact analytical solutions are derived for the three cases (i.e., types I-III) of this theory. We then numerically compare the evolution of the linear and nonlinear type-II temperature profiles, and track the finite-time blow-up of the latter's temperature rate wave, in the setting of an initial-boundary value problem involving a sudden sinusoidal input signal. Lastly, an exact traveling wave solution of a lossless, nonlinear equation, which arises under type-II theory, is determined and analyzed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jordan, P. M.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bargmann, S.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Chair Appl Mech, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Steinmann, P.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Appl Mech, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Steinmann, Paul/0000-0003-1490-947X NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 9 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 24 BP 4418 EP 4424 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.04.010 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 319ZO UT WOS:000257203700017 ER PT J AU Green, RE Gould, RW AF Green, Rebecca E. Gould, Richard W., Jr. TI A predictive model for satellite-derived phytoplankton absorption over the Louisiana shelf hypoxic zone: Effects of nutrients and physical forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NET PRODUCTIVITY; A FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB We investigated environmental forcing mechanisms of phytoplankton absorption near the Mississippi River delta using multiyear satellite data. An algorithm for the phytoplankton absorption coefficient (a(ph)) was developed from in situ measurements and applied to ocean color imagery. We employed a suite of chemical and physical forcing variables, including surface currents. For satellite-derived a(ph) time series (2002-2004), correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed the most important forcing variables of a(ph) on the Louisiana shelf. Areally, Mississippi River discharge and nitrate concentration ([NO(3)]) were the two most important predictors of a(ph) over the hypoxic zone (defined by its maximum extent). River discharge was important in a band stretching from the Mississippi River delta to the Louisiana-Texas border. Riverine [NO(3)] and wind magnitude best predicted a(ph) in nearshore waters, and solar radiation and SST were most important farther offshore over the hypoxic zone, indicating upwelled nutrient sources to phytoplankton. A multiple linear regression model performed well in resolving seasonal and interannual a(ph) variability in model development years (2002-2004) (mean error of 18%, over all pixels and months) and in predicting shelf-wide a(ph) patterns in 2005 (mean error of 32%). Our results strongly suggest that in recent years, stratification and vertical mixing, in addition to riverine [NO(3)], play a primary role in regulating phytoplankton biomass over the hypoxic zone. As well, a springtime model experiment showed that a(ph) over the hypoxic zone can differ by an average absolute 37% from its average scenario owing to changes solely in environmental variables other than NO(3) flux. C1 [Green, Rebecca E.; Gould, Richard W., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Green, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM gould@nrlssc.navy.mil; rgreen@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C6 AR C06005 DI 10.1029/2007JC004594 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 310XJ UT WOS:000256563800002 ER PT J AU van Mechelen, JLM van der Marel, D Grimaldi, C Kuzmenko, AB Armitage, NP Reyren, N Hagemann, H Mazin, II AF van Mechelen, J. L. M. van der Marel, D. Grimaldi, C. Kuzmenko, A. B. Armitage, N. P. Reyren, N. Hagemann, H. Mazin, I. I. TI Electron-phonon interaction and charge carrier mass enhancement in SrTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NB-DOPED SRTIO3; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SMALL POLARONS; SUM-RULE; BIPOLARONS; ABSORPTION; TRANSITION; CRYSTAL AB We report a comprehensive THz, infrared and optical study of Nb-doped SrTiO(3) as well as dc conductivity and Hall effect measurements. Our THz spectra at 7 K show the presence of an unusually narrow (< 2 meV) Drude peak. For all carrier concentrations the Drude spectral weight shows a factor of three mass enhancement relative to the effective mass in the local density approximation, whereas the spectral weight contained in the incoherent midinfrared response indicates that the mass enhancement is at least a factor two. We find no evidence of a particularly large electron-phonon coupling that would result in small polaron formation. C1 [van Mechelen, J. L. M.; van der Marel, D.; Grimaldi, C.; Kuzmenko, A. B.; Armitage, N. P.; Reyren, N.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Grimaldi, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LPM, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hagemann, H.] Univ Geneva, Dept Chim Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van Mechelen, JLM (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, 24 Quai E Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RI Grimaldi, Claudio/B-1641-2010; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012; OI van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847; Hagemann, Hans/0000-0002-7183-8543; Reyren, Nicolas/0000-0002-7745-7282 NR 30 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 80 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 22 AR 226403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.226403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 310KM UT WOS:000256528400031 PM 18643435 ER PT J AU Champion, DJ Ransom, SM Lazarus, P Camilo, F Bassa, C Kaspi, VM Nice, DJ Freire, PCC Stairs, IH van Leeuwen, J Stappers, BW Cordes, JM Hessels, JWT Lorimer, DR Arzoumanian, Z Backer, DC Bhat, NDR Chatterjee, S Cognard, I Deneva, JS Faucher-Giguere, CA Gaensler, BM Han, JL Jenet, FA Kasian, L Kondratiev, VI Kramer, M Lazio, J McLaughlin, MA Venkataraman, A Vlemmings, W AF Champion, David J. Ransom, Scott M. Lazarus, Patrick Camilo, Fernando Bassa, Cees Kaspi, Victoria M. Nice, David J. Freire, Paulo C. C. Stairs, Ingrid H. van Leeuwen, Joeri Stappers, Ben W. Cordes, James M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Lorimer, Duncan R. Arzoumanian, Zaven Backer, Don C. Bhat, N. D. Ramesh Chatterjee, Shami Cognard, Ismael Deneva, Julia S. Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre Gaensler, Bryan M. Han, JinLin Jenet, Fredrick A. Kasian, Laura Kondratiev, Vlad I. Kramer, Michael Lazio, Joseph McLaughlin, Maura A. Venkataraman, Arun Vlemmings, Wouter TI An eccentric binary millisecond pulsar in the galactic plane SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIO PULSARS; NEUTRON-STAR; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; 2MASS; MASS AB Binary pulsar systems are superb probes of stellar and binary evolution and the physics of extreme environments. In a survey with the Arecibo telescope, we have found PSR J1903+ 0327, a radio pulsar with a rotational period of 2.15 milliseconds in a highly eccentric ( e = 0.44) 95- day orbit around a solar mass ( M.) companion. Infrared observations identify a possible main- sequence companion star. Conventional binary stellar evolution models predict neither large orbital eccentricities nor main- sequence companions around millisecond pulsars. Alternative formation scenarios involve recycling a neutron star in a globular cluster, then ejecting it into the Galactic disk, or membership in a hierarchical triple system. A relativistic analysis of timing observations of the pulsar finds its mass to be 1.74 +/- 0.04 M. an unusually high value. C1 [Champion, David J.; Lazarus, Patrick; Bassa, Cees; Kaspi, Victoria M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Champion, David J.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ransom, Scott M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Camilo, Fernando] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nice, David J.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Freire, Paulo C. C.; Venkataraman, Arun] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Stairs, Ingrid H.; Kasian, Laura] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [van Leeuwen, Joeri; Backer, Don C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stappers, Ben W.; Kramer, Michael] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. [Cordes, James M.; Deneva, Julia S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hessels, Jason W. T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lorimer, Duncan R.; Kondratiev, Vlad I.; McLaughlin, Maura A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Arzoumanian, Zaven] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arzoumanian, Zaven] NASA, Xray Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bhat, N. D. Ramesh] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Chatterjee, Shami; Gaensler, Bryan M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cognard, Ismael] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Han, JinLin] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Jenet, Fredrick A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Lazio, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vlemmings, Wouter] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Champion, DJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM David.Champion@atnf.csiro.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Kondratiev, Vladislav/N-1105-2015; OI Kondratiev, Vladislav/0000-0001-8864-7471; Champion, David/0000-0003-1361-7723; Nice, David/0000-0002-6709-2566; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; /0000-0002-2700-9916; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 27 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5881 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1126/science.1157580 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 309DO UT WOS:000256441100036 PM 18483399 ER PT J AU Smith, B Chu, LK Smith, TC Amoroso, PJ Boyko, EJ Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Besa Chu, Laura K. Smith, Tyler C. Amoroso, Paul J. Boyko, Edward J. Hooper, Tomoko I. Gackstetter, Gary D. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Challenges of self-reported medical conditions and electronic medical records among members of a large military cohort SO BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; HEART-ATTACK; RISK-FACTORS; US MILITARY; HEALTH; VALIDATION; AGREEMENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY; STROKE AB Background: Self- reported medical history data are frequently used in epidemiological studies. Self- reported diagnoses may differ from medical record diagnoses due to poor patient- clinician communication, self- diagnosis in the absence of a satisfactory explanation for symptoms, or the " health literacy" of the patient. Methods: The US Department of Defense military health system offers a unique opportunity to evaluate electronic medical records with near complete ascertainment while on active duty. This study compared 38 self- reported medical conditions to electronic medical record data in a large population- based US military cohort. The objective of this study was to better understand challenges and strengths in self- reporting of medical conditions. Results: Using positive and negative agreement statistics for less- prevalent conditions, nearperfect negative agreement and moderate positive agreement were found for the 38 diagnoses. Conclusion: This report highlights the challenges of using self- reported medical data and electronic medical records data, but illustrates that agreement between the two data sources increases with increased surveillance period of medical records. Self- reported medical data may be sufficient for ruling out history of a particular condition whereas prevalence studies may be best served by using an objective measure of medical conditions found in electronic healthcare records. Defining medical conditions from multiple sources in large, long- term prospective cohorts will reinforce the value of the study, particularly during the initial years when prevalence for many conditions may still be low. C1 [Smith, Besa; Chu, Laura K.; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Gackstetter, Gary D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.; Gackstetter, Gary D.] Analyt Serv Inc ANSER, Arlington, VA USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM besa.smith@med.navy.mil; laurakaychu@yahoo.com; tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil; paul.amoroso@us.army.mil; eboyko@u.washington.edu; thooper@usuhs.mil; gary.gackstetter@anser.org; margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2288 J9 BMC MED RES METHODOL JI BMC Med. Res. Methodol. PD JUN 5 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 37 DI 10.1186/1471-2288-8-37 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 335PE UT WOS:000258301700001 PM 18644098 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Kelly, KM Ladas, EJ Sagar, SM Vickers, A Blumberg, JB AF Lawenda, Brian D. Kelly, Kara M. Ladas, Elena J. Sagar, Stephen M. Vickers, Andrew Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy? SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PINEAL HORMONE MELATONIN; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NECK-CANCER; DOUBLE-BLIND; INDUCED MUCOSITIS; VITAMIN-E; GASTRIC-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER AB Despite nearly two decades of research investigating the use of dietary antioxidant supplementation during conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, controversy remains about the efficacy and safety of this complementary treatment. Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that the concurrent administration of antioxidants with chemotherapy or radiation therapy reduces treatment-related side effects. Some data indicate that antioxidants may protect tumor cells as well as healthy cells from oxidative damage generated by radiation therapy and some chemotherapeutic agents. However, other data suggest that antioxidants can protect normal tissues from chemotherapy- or radiation-induced damage without decreasing tumor control. We review some of the data regarding the putative benefits and potential risks of antioxidant supplementation concurrent with cytotoxic therapy. On the basis of our review of the published randomized clinical trials, we conclude that the use of supplemental antioxidants during chemotherapy and radiation therapy should be discouraged because of the possibility of tumor protection and reduced survival. C1 [Lawenda, Brian D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lawenda, Brian D.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ladas, Elena J.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Integrat Therapies Program Children Canc, New York, NY USA. [Kelly, Kara M.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Oncol, New York, NY USA. [Sagar, Stephen M.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Vickers, Andrew] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Vickers, Andrew] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawenda, BD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM brian.lawenda@med.navy.mil OI Vickers, Andrew/0000-0003-1525-6503 NR 92 TC 189 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 4 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 11 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1093/jnci/djn148 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 310IU UT WOS:000256522900008 PM 18505970 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Peng, MS Jin, H AF Jin, Yi Peng, Melinda S. Jin, Hao TI Simulating the formation of Hurricane Katrina (2005) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; MODEL; ORGANIZATION; MESOSCALE; FLUXES; OCEAN AB The formation of Hurricane Katrina (2005) is simulated using COAMPS1 with high resolution (27 km, 9 km and 3 km grid spacing). Whereas most Atlantic hurricanes form in conjunction with easterly waves, no clear synoptic-scale tropical disturbance was evident as a precursor for Katrina. The triply-nested simulation, initialized 66 h before Katrina was identified as a tropical depression, successfully predicts the location and timing of Katrina's formation in the 3 km domain. The organization of the cyclone is associated with concentrated precipitation resolved with microphysics in the southeast part of the circulation. The storm does not form in the 9 km domain when the Kain-Fritsch cumulus scheme and the microphysics are used. However, a separate simulation using microphysics alone in the 9 km domain captures Katrina's formation, though with less organized structure. This study suggests that explicitly resolving clouds in high-resolution models holds promise for predicting tropical cyclone (TC) formation. C1 [Jin, Hao] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Jin, Yi; Peng, Melinda S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yi.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 3 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 AR L11802 DI 10.1029/2008GL033168 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 310VC UT WOS:000256557800001 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Hinton, RJ Qadri, SB Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A. Hinton, R. J. Qadri, S. B. Wu, Dong Ho TI Intrinsic optical modulation mechanism in electro-optic crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETER AB An intrinsic mechanism of optical intensity modulation occurring in electro-optic devices such as field sensors and modulators under applied fields is described. The optical modulation results from interactions between internally generated Fizeau interference patterns and electro-optic effects within the nonlinear crystal. Our results indicate that when phase matched with the conventional polarimetric signal, the intrinsic modulation mechanism can nearly double device sensitivity. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Garzarella, A.; Qadri, S. B.; Wu, Dong Ho] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hinton, R. J.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 22 AR 221111 DI 10.1063/1.2940340 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 310KL UT WOS:000256527900011 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, JP Lebenson, JR Wang, GB Yee, GT Noll, BC Sommer, RD AF Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Lebenson, Joshua R. Wang, Guangbin Yee, Gordon T. Noll, Bruce C. Sommer, Roger D. TI Iron tetraanthracenotetraazaporphyrins: Synthesis, structural characterization, ligand binding properties, and unexpected selectivity of a bis-"Bowl" tetraazaporphyrin SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE AFFINITIES; HIGH-SPIN IRON(II); OXYGEN-BINDING; PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES; FERROUS PORPHYRINS; CAPPED PORPHYRINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; REDOX PROPERTIES; HEMOGLOBIN AB The synthesis and characterization, by optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, of six iron complexes of tetraanthracenotetraazaporphyrin (TATAP) are reported. Eight benzo groups, flanking the macrocycle periphery, form a nonpolar "bowl" on each face of the porphyrazine and prevent mu-oxo dimer formation. Fe(TATAP) readily binds THF, a variety of neutral nitrogenous axial ligands, and carbon monoxide. The equilibrium binding constants for the first two are higher than those of analogous porphyrins while those of the latter are smaller. We attribute these differences to the higher g acidity of the porphyrazine ligand. Fe(TATAP) also shows different relative magnitudes of the successive equilibrium binding constants, K-1 and K-2, for hindered nitrogenous ligands when compared to those of porphyrin analogues. Surprisingly, Fe(TATAP), in toluene solution, shows no affinity for O-2 when exposed to 1 atm partial pressure of O-2 at 25 degrees C. These results are explained in terms of an unusually positive iron(III/II) redox potential when coordinated by the TATAP ligand. C1 [Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. De Paul Univ, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Fitzgerald, JP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fitzgera@usna.edu NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 11 BP 4520 EP 4530 DI 10.1021/ic702149z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 306NL UT WOS:000256255000017 PM 18459768 ER PT J AU Chafin, A Irvin, DJ Mason, MH Mason, SL AF Chafin, Andrew Irvin, David J. Mason, Mark H. Mason, Susan L. TI Synthesis of multifunctional hydroxyethyl tetrazoles SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A series of di-, tri-, and tetra-tetrazoloalkanes were synthesized from the corresponding nitrile and sodium azide. These were alkylated to give hydroxy terminated chains for possible use as high energy oligomers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chafin, Andrew; Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Polymer Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Mason, Mark H.; Mason, Susan L.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Energet Res Div, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Polymer Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.chafin@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 23 BP 3823 EP 3826 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.125 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 308HI UT WOS:000256378800028 ER PT J AU Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Kim, H. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Pique, A. TI Transparent conducting F-doped SnO2 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE fluorine-doped tin oxide; pulsed laser deposition; transparent electrode; surface morphology ID TIN OXIDE-FILMS; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TIO2 FILMS; FLUORINE; SB AB Transparent conducting fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) films have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the SnO2:F films have been investigated as a function of F-doping level and substrate deposition temperature. The optimum target composition for high conductivity was found to be 10 wt.% SnF2+90 wt.% SnO2. Under optimized deposition conditions (T-s = 300 degrees C, and 7.33 Pa of O-2), electrical resistivity of 5 x 10(-4) Omega-cm, sheet resistance of 12.5 Omega/square, average optical transmittance of 87% in the visible range, and optical band-gap of 4.25 eV were obtained for 400 nm thick SnO2:F films. Atomic force microscopy measurements for these SnO2:F films indicated that their root-mean-square surface roughness (similar to 6 angstrom) was superior to that of commercially available chemical vapor deposited SnO2:F films (similar to 85 angstrom). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, H.; Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Pique, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heungsoo.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 15 BP 5052 EP 5056 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.079 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 310DM UT WOS:000256509100063 ER PT J AU Lyons, A Longfield, J Kuschner, R Straight, T Binn, L Seriwatana, J Reitstetter, R Froh, IB Craft, D McNabb, K Russell, K Metzgar, D Liss, A Sun, X Towle, A Sun, W AF Lyons, Arthur Longfield, Jenice Kuschner, Robert Straight, Timothy Binn, Leonard Seriwatana, Jitvimol Reitstetter, Raven Froh, Irma B. Craft, David McNabb, Kevin Russell, Kevin Metzgar, David Liss, Alan Sun, Xiao Towle, Andrew Sun, Wellington TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, oral type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccines in adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; vaccine; live; oral; virus; type 4; type 7 ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DIPLOID TISSUE CULTURE; US MILITARY RECRUITS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; NAVAL RECRUITS; SELECTIVE INFECTION; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; LARGE EPIDEMIC AB Adenovirus serotypes 4 (ADV-4) and 7 (ADV-7) are important causes of febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military recruits. Previously licensed vaccines, which effectively controlled adenovirus-associated ARD, are no longer available. In the Fall of 2004 we conducted this Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the live, oral ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines made by a new manufacturer to assess their safety and immunogenicity. The adenovirus vaccines were administered orally together in a single dose to thirty subjects. Twenty eight additional subjects received placebo. Subjects were then observed for 8 weeks. The most commonly reported adverse events were nasal congestion (33%), cough (33%), sore throat (27%), headache (20%), abdominal pain (17%), arthralgia (13%), nausea (13%) and diarrhea (13%). None of these rates differed significantly from placebo. The duration of vaccine virus fecal shedding was 7-21 days. Seventy three percent of vaccine recipients seroconverted to ADV-4 (GMT 23.3) while 63% seroconverted to ADV-7 (GMT 51.1) by Day 28. The new ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines were safe and induced a good immune response in the study population. Expanded trials for safety and efficacy are in progress. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lyons, Arthur; Kuschner, Robert; Straight, Timothy; Binn, Leonard; Seriwatana, Jitvimol; Sun, Wellington] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Longfield, Jenice; Reitstetter, Raven] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Froh, Irma B.; Craft, David] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [McNabb, Kevin] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Russell, Kevin; Metzgar, David] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Naval Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Liss, Alan] Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Sun, Xiao] Merck & Co Inc, Cbards Upper Gwynedd, PA USA. [Towle, Andrew] VaccGen Int LLC, Larchmont, NY USA. RP Lyons, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM arthur.lyons@na.amedd.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; OI Reitstetter, Raven/0000-0002-7466-9781 NR 54 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 23 BP 2890 EP 2898 DI 10.1016/J.vaccine.2008.03.037 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 312CA UT WOS:000256645500012 PM 18448211 ER PT J AU Tsoi, S Griva, I Trammell, SA Blum, AS Schnur, JM Lebedev, N AF Tsoi, Stanislav Griva, Igor Trammell, Scott A. Blum, Amy S. Schnur, Joel M. Lebedev, Nikolai TI Electrochemically controlled conductance switching in a single molecule: Quinone-modified oligo(phenylene vinylene) SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quinone; oligo(phenylene vinylene); self-assembly; electron delocalization; oxidation/reduction; conductance switching; electrochemical STM ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; MECHANISM; STATE; TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENCE AB Reversible conductance switching in single quinone-oligo(phenylene vinylene) (Q-0PV) molecules was demonstrated using electrochemical STM. The switching was achieved by application of electrochemical potential to the substrate supporting the molecule. The ratio of conductances between the high- and lowconductivity states is over 40. The high-conductivity state is ascribed to strong electron delocalization of the fully conjugated hydroquinone-0PV structure, whereas the low-conductivity state is characterized by disruption of electron delocalization in the quinone-0PV structure. C1 [Tsoi, Stanislav; Trammell, Scott A.; Blum, Amy S.; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Math & Computat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Griva, Igor] George Mason Univ, Dept Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Schnur, Joel M.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nlebedev@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.1021/nn8002218 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 318VL UT WOS:000257120800027 PM 19206347 ER PT J AU Satter, EK AF Satter, Elizabeth K. TI Third-degree burns incurred as a result of interferential current therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrical bums; medical device ID ELECTRICAL NERVE-STIMULATION; DERMATITIS; INJURIES AB As an ancillary part of physical therapy, ice, heat, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and interferential currents are often used as nonpharmacological modalities to treat pain and reduce edema. Although medical electrical stimulation devices are touted as having few side effects, cutaneous irritation, contact dermatitis, and bums have been noted. The following article describes a patient who incurred third-degree bums in an area treated with interterential currents. C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1097/DAD.0b013e31816a9d4f PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 303UG UT WOS:000256065800016 PM 18496434 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Highfill-McRoy, RM Booth-Kewley, S AF Larson, Gerald E. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Booth-Kewley, Stephanie TI Psychiatric diagnoses in historic and contemporary military cohorts: Combat deployment and the healthy warrior effect SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; incidence; mental disorders; military personnel ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH; ILLNESS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; PREVALENCE; ATTRITION; RATIOS; ONSET AB Research studies have identified heightened psychiatric problems among veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). However, these studies have not compared incidence rates of psychiatric disorders across robust cohorts, nor have they documented psychiatric problems prior to combat exposure. The authors' objectives in this study were to determine incidence rates of diagnosed mental disorders in a cohort of Marines deployed to combat during OIF or OEF in 2001-2005 and to compare these with mental disorder rates in two historical and two contemporary military control groups. After exclusion of persons who had been deployed to a combat zone with a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis, the cumulative rate of post-OIF/-OEF mental disorders was 6.4%. All psychiatric conditions except post-traumatic stress disorder occurred at a lower rate in combat-deployed personnel than in personnel who were not deployed to a combat zone. The findings suggest that psychiatric disorders in Marines are diagnosed most frequently during the initial months of recruit training rather than after combat deployment. The disproportionate loss of psychologically unfit personnel early in training creates a "healthy warrior effect," because only those persons who have proven their resilience during training remain eligible for combat. C1 [Larson, Gerald E.; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.; Booth-Kewley, Stephanie] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.] Sci Applicat Intl Corp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Highfill-McRoy, RM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Robyn.Highfill@med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 11 BP 1269 EP 1276 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn084 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 305HO UT WOS:000256169100001 PM 18436536 ER PT J AU Mologne, TS Zhao, K Hongo, M Romeo, AA An, KN Provencher, MT AF Mologne, Timothy S. Zhao, Kristin Hongo, Michio Romeo, Anthony A. An, Kai-Nan Provencher, Matthew T. TI The addition of rotator interval closure after Arthroscopic repair of either anterior or posterior shoulder instability - Effect on glenohumeral translation and range of motion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Orthopaedic-Society-for-Sports-Medicine CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med DE rotator interval; capsulorrhaphy; capsule; glenohumeral; shoulder instability; anterior shoulder instability; posterior shoulder instability ID 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT; POSTEROINFERIOR INSTABILITY; ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE; CAPSULE CLOSURE; BANKART REPAIR; ANATOMY; JOINT; STABILIZATION; STABILITY AB Background: Although the use of rotator interval closure is frequently advocated as a useful supplement to shoulder instability repairs, the addition of a rotator interval closure after arthroscopic instability repair has not been fully investigated. Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether a rotator interval closure improves glenohumeral stability in an anterior and posterior instability shoulder model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected free of soft tissues, leaving the rotator cuff intact with simulated cuff loading. All specimens were mounted in a custom testing apparatus using infrared sensors to document glenohumeral translation and rotation. The specimens were then tested for stability in the following order: vented/subluxated state, after arthroscopic anterior (Group 1;, 7 specimens) or posterior (Group 2; 7 specimens) instability repair with suture anchors, and then after rotator interval closure. For each of the 3 testing conditions, the following were measured: (1) external and internal rotation at neutral, (2) external and internal rotation at 900 of abduction, (3) posterior and anterior translation at neutral rotation (15 N and 25 N), (4) anterior translation at 90 degrees of abduction and external rotation (Group 1; 15 N and 25 N), (5) posterior translation at 900 of flexion and internal rotation (Group 2; 15 N and 25 N), and (6) sulcus testing in neutral (7.5 N). Results: Posterior stability was only improved after anchor capsulolabral repair (8.0 to 5.0 mm; P = .017, 25 N), but there was no improvement after rotator interval closure (5.0 to 4.6 mm; P = .453). However, anterior stability was improved after capsulolabral repair (8.6 to 4.0 mm; P = .016, 25 N) and also improved further by rotator interval closure (4.0 to 2.4 mm; P = .007). The mean loss of external rotation was significantly increased by the addition of the rotator interval closure in both neutral and abducted glenohumeral positions, with a mean external rotation loss of 28 degrees in neutral (P = .013). The addition of a rotator interval closure did not improve sulcus stability (P = .4). Conclusion: The addition of an arthroscopic rotator interval closure after posterior capsulolabral repair did not improve posterior stability; however, anterior stability was improved further after a rotator interval closure. Inferior stability was not improved. Arthroscopic rotator interval closure significantly decreased external rotation at both neutral and abducted arm positions. Clinical Relevance: Arthroscopic closure may be beneficial in certain cases of anterior shoulder instability; however, posterior instability was not improved. Predictable losses of external rotation after rotator interval closure are of concern. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Orthopaed Shoulder & Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Mologne, Timothy S.] Ctr Sports Med, Appleton, WI USA. [Zhao, Kristin; Hongo, Michio; An, Kai-Nan] Mayo Clin, Div Orthopaed Res, Biomech Lab, Rochester, MN USA. [Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Div Orthopaed Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Orthopaed Shoulder & Sports Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1177/0363546508314391 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 303RL UT WOS:000256058100013 PM 18319350 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Detterline, AJ Ghodadra, N Romeo, AA Bach, BR Cole, BJ Verma, N AF Provencher, Matthew T. Detterline, Alvin J. Ghodadra, Neil Romeo, Anthony A. Bach, Bernard R., Jr. Cole, Brian J. Verma, Nikhil TI Measurement of glenoid bone loss - A comparison of measurement error between 45 degrees and 0 degrees bone loss models and with different posterior arthroscopy portal locations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shoulder instability; glenoid bone loss; inverted-pear glenoid; glenoid bare spot; recurrent instability ID ANTERIOR GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; BARE SPOT; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; RIM MORPHOLOGY; BANKART REPAIR; HYPOPLASIA; DEFECT; DISLOCATION; STABILITY; LESIONS AB Background: Osteotomies at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the glenoid were originally used in a cadaveric model to simulate the bone loss that can occur clinically in anterior instability of the shoulder. However, this type of glenoid defect is not consistent with the usual clinical scenario, in which bone loss occurs nearly parallel (at 0 degrees) to the long axis of the glenoid. Purpose: Our objectives were to compare the amount of glenoid bone loss measured after a 45 degrees glenoid osteotomy with that after a 0 degrees osteotomy and to determine differences in bone loss measurement from 2 different posterior shoulder portals. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Glenoids of 14 embalmed cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 81 years; range, 56-90) were mounted in a custom shoulder holder, and 2 posterior portals (2 and 3 o'clock) were fixed into place. The area of a best-fit circle of the inferior portion of the glenoid was digitally calculated, and 2 sequential osteotomies of 12.5% and 25% of anteroinferior glenoid bone loss area were created. Two different types of osteotomies were created: group 1, "inverted-pear" bone loss (45 degrees to the long axis of the glenoid); and group 2, "clinical" bone loss osteotomy (0 degrees to the long axis of the glenoid). Measurements of bone loss were performed based on the bare spot method from 2 simulated posterior portals at 2 and 3 o'clock using a calibrated probe and digital calipers. The osteotomy was measured in 3 different locations (upper, middle, and lower thirds). Results: In the 12.5% bone loss model, bone loss measurements for both groups were significantly higher than expected (22.2%-23.1 % in group 1, 17.4%-17.9% in group 2; P = .031-.049). In the 25% bone loss model, the mean measured bone loss was 27.8% in group 1 and 27.5% in group 2; however, bone loss measurements varied significantly in group 1 based on measurement location along the osteotomy (upper third, 12.3%; middle third, 31.5%; lower third, 39.8% loss) (P = .01-.0001). In group 2, the bone loss measurements were less varied (23.5%-30.3%). There were no differences between the location of the posterior portal (2 vs 3 o'clock) in determination of glenoid bone loss for both the 12.5% and 25% osteotomies. Conclusion: Glenoid bone loss determination in a 45 degrees osteotomy model significantly overestimates the amount of true glenoid bone loss. However, in a 0 degrees clinical bone loss simulation model, the arthroscopic bare spot method of bone loss determination was sufficiently accurate at all 3 areas (upper, middle, and lower third) of bone loss. Both the 2-o'clock and 3-o'clock posterior portals were accurate to determine the amount of glenoid bone loss as referenced from the bare spot. Clinical Relevance: Arthroscopic determination of glenoid bone loss is more accurate than what has been previously described with the 450 simulation model. Measurement of glenoid bone loss from either the 2-o'clock or 3-o'clock posterior portal is accurate in a clinical bone loss model. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.; Detterline, Alvin J.; Ghodadra, Neil; Romeo, Anthony A.; Bach, Bernard R., Jr.; Cole, Brian J.; Verma, Nikhil] Rush Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Orthopaed Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mattprovencher@earthlink.net NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1132 EP 1138 DI 10.1177/0363546508316041 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 303RL UT WOS:000256058100014 PM 18354146 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianiflone, N Mayer, R AF Crum-Cianiflone, Nancy Mayer, Richard TI An unusual case of Lemierre's syndrome presenting as pyomyositis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Fusobacterium; Lemierre's syndrome; pyomyositis ID FUSOBACTERIUM-NUCLEATUM; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; NECROBACILLOSIS; INFECTIONS AB Fusobacteria are most often associated with the classic presentation of Lemierre's syndrome consisting of a sore throat, internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, and septic emboli to the lungs. Unusual presentations due to the causative organism, F. necrophorum, may occur. We present such a case involving a 17-year-old male patient with pyomyositis and fasciitis due to necrobacillosis. Fusobacterium spp. should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases involving sepsis syndrome and pyomyositis. C1 [Crum-Cianiflone, Nancy] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Mayer, Richard] Infect Dis Consultant Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum-Cianiflone, N (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 335 IS 6 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318157d3c7 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314ZA UT WOS:000256846500017 PM 18552584 ER PT J AU Wierzba, TF Ghimire, P Malla, S Banerjee, MK Shrestha, S Khanal, B Sedai, TR Gibbons, RV AF Wierzba, Thomas F. Ghimire, Prakash Malla, Sarala Banerjee, Manas Kumar Shrestha, Sanjaya Khanal, Basudha Sedai, Tika R. Gibbons, Robert V. TI Laboratory-based Japanese encephalitis surveillance in Nepal and the implications for a national immunization strategy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; WESTERN NEPAL; CHILDREN; VACCINE; INDIA; ANTIBODIES; KATHMANDU; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK AB We report on two years of Japanese encephalitis (JE) surveillance in Nepal and the implications for a national immunization strategy. From May 2004 to April 2006, 4,652 patients with encephalitis were evaluated. A serum or cerebrospinal fluid specimen was collected from 3198 (69%) patients of which 1,035 (32%) were positive by Japanese encephalitis IgM ELISA. Most cases (N = 951, 92%) were from the 24 Terai districts (i.e., southern plains, 12.3 million persons) with the majority (N = 616, 65%) from four western Terai districts (population = 1.8 million). The case fatality ratio was 14.7% and 6.3% and the proportion of cases under 15 years old was 52% and 62% in the four western and 20 non-western Terai districts, respectively. Japanese encephalitis immunization targeting residents one year of age and older in the western districts and one through 1.4 years old in the non-western Terai districts may have reduced Japanese encephalitis cases by 84% and deaths by 92%, nationally. C1 [Wierzba, Thomas F.] USN, Med Res Unit 2, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. [Ghimire, Prakash; Sedai, Tika R.] WHO, Program Immunizat Preventable Dis, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Malla, Sarala] Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Hlth Serv, Minist Hlth & Populat, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Banerjee, Manas Kumar] Minist Hlth & Populat, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Dept Hlth Serv, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Shrestha, Sanjaya; Gibbons, Robert V.] USAMC, AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. [Khanal, Basudha] BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Ghopa, Dharan, Nepal. RP Wierzba, TF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, 4540 Phnom Penh Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM wierzba@namru2.org.kh NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 310BS UT WOS:000256504500029 PM 18541784 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Plew, D Hartstein, N Fredriksson, D AF Stevens, Craig Plew, David Hartstein, Neil Fredriksson, David TI The physics of open-water shellfish aquaculture SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE shellfish; physics; oceanography; longline; mussel farm; New Zealand; waves; currents ID MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; CALIFORNIA KELP BEDS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WAVES; FLOW; MODEL; FARMS; BAY; PERFORMANCE AB Aquaculture of shellfish species is expanding in many countries. Limitations on, and competition for, inshore water space is making offshore shellfish developments more attractive. Here we review issues relating to the design and mechanics of shellfish longline structures in relation to the offshore marine environment. Two main facets are explored: (i) the effect of the flow (waves and currents) on the farm and (ii) the reverse perspective of the impact of the farm on the flow. Because these systems are relatively new, we first examine similar systems, both natural (kelp beds) and man-made (floating breakwaters, fish farms). Techniques for measuring both the local oceanography and the structural response are listed along with new approaches for measuring important properties. A number of future applied research topics are identified as being a key to advancing the industry, including issues like mooring design, vertical drag coefficients, wave-current interaction, stratification and influence on fauna. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stevens, Craig] NZ Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Plew, David] NZ Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Hartstein, Neil] DHI Water & Environm M Sdn Bhd, Wisma Perindustrian, Likas 88400, Kota Kinabalu S, Malaysia. [Fredriksson, David] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stevens, C (reprint author), NZ Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. EM c.stevens@niwa.cri.nz; d.plew@niwa.cri.nz; ndh@dhi.com.my; fredriks@usna.edu OI Stevens, Craig/0000-0002-4730-6985 NR 78 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.01.006 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 331XR UT WOS:000258046400001 ER PT J AU Shankland, PD Blank, DL Boboltz, DA Lazio, TJW White, G AF Shankland, P. D. Blank, D. L. Boboltz, D. A. Lazio, T. J. W. White, G. TI Further constraints on the presence of a debris disk in the multiplanet system Gliese 876 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; Kuiper Belt; planetary systems; planets and satellites : general; stars : individual (Gl 876) ID M-CIRCLE-PLUS; KUIPER-BELT; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; NEARBY STAR; DUST DISKS; M4 DWARF; PLANETS; SEARCH; GJ-876; ACCRETION AB Using both the Very Large Array (VLA) at 7 mm wavelength, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 3 mm, we have searched for microwave emission from cool dust in the extrasolar planetary system Gliese 876 (Gl 876). Having detected no emission above our 3 sigma detection threshold of 135 mu Jy, we rule out any dust disk with either a mass greater than 0.0006 M(circle plus) or less than similar to 250 AU across. This result improves on previous detection aperture thresholds by an order of magnitude, and it has some implications for the dynamical modeling of the system. It also is consistent with the Greaves et al. hypothesis that relates the presence of a debris disk to close-in planets. Due to the dust-planetesimal relationship, our null result may also provide a constraint on the population or composition of the dust and small bodies around this nearby M dwarf. C1 [Shankland, P. D.; Blank, D. L.; White, G.] James Cook Univ, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Shankland, P. D.; Boboltz, D. A.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Lazio, T. J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shankland, PD (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM paul.shankland@jcu.edu.au; david.blank@jcu.edu.au; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; graeme.white@jcu.edu.au NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 6 BP 2194 EP 2198 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2194 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309IK UT WOS:000256453700020 ER PT J AU Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Crenshaw, DM AF Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Crenshaw, D. M. TI Probing the ionization structure of the narrow-line region in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 4151); galaxies : Seyfert; line : formation ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HOPKINS-ULTRAVIOLET-TELESCOPE; LONG-SLIT SPECTROSCOPY; NGC 4151; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; UV ABSORBERS; EMISSION AB We present a study of the distribution of [O III] lambda 5007 and [O II] lambda 3727 emission in the narrow-line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. While the NLR of NGC 4151 exhibits an overall structure consistent with the unified model of Seyfert galaxies, narrowband [O III] and [O II] images obtained with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope reveal significant emission from outside the emission-line bicone. The [O III]/[O II] ratios are lower in these regions, consistent with a weaker ionizing flux. We performed a photo-ionization modeling analysis of the emission-line gas within a series of annuli, centered on the central continuum source, with inner radii from 13 to 90 pc. The gas is ionized by radiation that has been attenuated by a relatively highly ionized absorber (HABS), which completely covers the central source, and a lower ionization absorber (LABS), which has a covering factor ranging from 0 to 1. We found that the [O III]/[O II] ratios are well fit by assuming that, within each segment of an annulus, some fraction of the NLR gas is completely within the shadow of LABS, while the rest is irradiated by the continuum filtered only by HABS. This suggests that the structure of the NLR is due to filtering of the ionizing radiation by ionized gas, consistent with disk-wind models. One possible scenario is that the low-ionization absorbers are dense knots of gas swept up by a wind. C1 [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Kraemer, SB (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM kraemer@yancey.gsfc.nasa.gov; henrique.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil; crenshaw@chara.gsu.edu NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1128 EP 1143 DI 10.1086/587802 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500013 ER PT J AU Godon, P Sion, EM Barrett, PE Hubeny, I Linnell, AP Szkody, P AF Godon, Patrick Sion, Edward M. Barrett, Paul E. Hubeny, Ivan Linnell, Albert P. Szkody, Paula TI A far ultraviolet archival study of cataclysmic variables. I. FUSE and HST stis spectra of the exposed white dwarf in dwarf nova systems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : dwarf novae (SS Aur, EY Cyg, VW Hyi, RU Peg; EK TrA); white dwarfs ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; QUASI-MOLECULAR SATELLITES; RESONANCE-ABSORPTION LINES; EK TRIANGULI AUSTRALIS; X-RAY BINARIES; VW-HYDRI; ACCRETION DISK; BOUNDARY-LAYER; U-GEMINORUM; SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER AB We present a synthetic spectral analysis of Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE) and Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST STIS) spectra of five dwarf novae above and below the period gap during quiescence. We use our synthetic spectral code, including options for the treatment of the hydrogen quasi-molecular satellite lines (for low-temperature stellar atmospheres), non-LTE (NLTE) approximation ( for high-temperature stellar atmospheres), and for one system (RU Peg) we model the interstellar medium ( ISM) molecular and atomic hydrogen lines. In all the systems presented here the FUV flux continuum is due to the white dwarf (WD). These spectra also exhibit some broad emission lines. In this work we confirm some of the previous FUV analysis results, but we also present new results. For four systems we combine the FUSE and STIS spectra to cover a larger wavelength range and to improve the spectral fit. This work is part of our broader HST archival research program, in which we aim to provide accurate system parameters for cataclysmic variables above and below the period gap by combining FUSE and HST FUV spectra. C1 [Godon, Patrick; Sion, Edward M.] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Barrett, Paul E.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Hubeny, Ivan] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Linnell, Albert P.; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Godon, P (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM godon@stsci.edu; edward.sion@villanova.edu; barrett.paul@usno.navy.mil; hubeny@aegis.as.arizona.edu; linnell@astro.washington.edu; szkody@astro.washington.edu NR 89 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1447 EP 1466 DI 10.1086/587504 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500040 ER PT J AU Imada, S Hara, H Watanabe, T Asai, A Minoshima, T Harra, LK Mariska, JT AF Imada, S. Hara, H. Watanabe, T. Asai, A. Minoshima, T. Harra, L. K. Mariska, J. T. TI Non-Gaussian line profiles in a large solar flare observed on 2006 December 13 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID HIGH TIME RESOLUTION; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; HINODE; YOHKOH; TELESCOPE; DYNAMICS; EVENT; PHASE AB We have studied the characteristics of the non-Gaussian line profile of the Fe XIV 274.20 angstrom line in and around a flare arcade. We found that broad non-Gaussian line profiles associated with redshifts are observed in the flare arcade. There were two typical types of broad line profiles. One was a distorted line profile caused by multiple flows, and the other was a symmetric line profile without any additional component. We successfully distinguished those two types using higher order statistical moments or M-the additional component contribution-defined in this Letter. The distorted/symmetric broad line profiles were preferentially observed in new/old flare loops, respectively. C1 [Imada, S.; Hara, H.; Watanabe, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Asai, A.] Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Minoshima, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Harra, L. K.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Mariska, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imada, S (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP L155 EP L159 DI 10.1086/589444 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DU UT WOS:000256722100024 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Feldman, U Seely, JF Korendyke, CM Hara, H AF Brown, C. M. Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Korendyke, C. M. Hara, H. TI Wavelengths and intensities of spectral lines in the 171-211 and 245-291 angstrom ranges from five solar regions recorded by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : spectrographs; line : identification; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ENERGY-LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; ACTIVE-REGION; B SATELLITE; EUV; SUN; IDENTIFICATIONS; CALIBRATION AB We present spectral line wavelengths, identifications, and intensities in the 171-211 and 245-291 angstrom ranges from five solar plasma regions recorded by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode. The recorded data were emitted from a quiet region, two active areas on the solar disk, a limb region, and a region 2000 above the limb. The line list contains 500 lines of which 55% were identified with previously known transitions. Although the EIS spectral coverage is limited to two ranges approximately 40 angstrom wide, the identified lines belong to a total of 56 ions from 15 elements. C1 [Brown, C. M.; Feldman, U.; Seely, J. F.; Korendyke, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hara, H.] Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan. [Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cbrown@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 176 IS 2 BP 511 EP 535 DI 10.1086/529378 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PU UT WOS:000257672200012 ER PT J AU Riley, DT Harmann, WM Barrett, SF Wright, CHG AF Riley, D. T. Harmann, W. M. Barrett, S. F. Wright, C. H. G. TI Musca domestica inspired machine vision sensor with hyperacuity SO BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS LA English DT Article ID VISUAL SYSTEM; NEURAL SUPERPOSITION; FLY PHOTORECEPTORS; COMPOUND EYE; INFORMATION; INSECTS; NEURONS; RETINA; OPTICS; BRAIN AB A fiber optic sensor inspired by the compound eye of the common housefly, Musca domestica, has been developed. The sensor coupled with analog preprocessing hardware has the potential to extract edge information quickly and in parallel. The design is motivated by the parallel nature of the fly's vision system and its demonstrated hyperacuity or precision of visual localization beyond the conventional resolution limit. The fly's anatomy supporting the design is reviewed, followed by the design of a one-dimensional, cartridge-based sensor. The sensor's ability to locate a line stimulus in a two-dimensional space is demonstrated. Discussion is provided to extend this work in scale, cartridge dimension, information and array processing. C1 [Riley, D. T.; Harmann, W. M.] USN, Sensors & Platform Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. [Barrett, S. F.; Wright, C. H. G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Riley, DT (reprint author), USN, Sensors & Platform Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. EM steveb@uwyo.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015553, P20 RR15640, RR15640] NR 81 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-3182 EI 1748-3190 J9 BIOINSPIR BIOMIM JI Bioinspir. Biomim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR 026003 DI 10.1088/1748-3182/3/2/026003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 310FP UT WOS:000256514600004 PM 18441410 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB AF Billings, Lora Schwartz, Ira B. TI Identifying almost invariant sets in stochastic dynamical systems SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB We consider the approximation of fluctuation induced almost invariant sets arising from stochastic dynamical systems. The dynamical evolution of densities is derived from the stochastic Frobenius-Perron operator. Given a stochastic kernel with a known distribution, approximate almost invariant sets are found by translating the problem into an eigenvalue problem derived from reversible Markov processes. Analytic and computational examples of the methods are used to illustrate the technique, and are shown to reveal the probability transport between almost invariant sets in nonlinear stochastic systems. Both small and large noise cases are considered. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Billings, Lora] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 AR 023122 DI 10.1063/1.2929748 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 321DF UT WOS:000257284200022 PM 18601489 ER PT J AU Yeung, SHI Medintz, IL Greenspoon, SA Mathies, RA AF Yeung, Stephanie H. I. Medintz, Igor L. Greenspoon, Susan A. Mathies, Richard A. TI Rapid determination of monozygous twinning with a microfabricated. capillary array electrophoresis genetic-analysis device SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICRODEVICE; BIOPROCESSOR; MICROSYSTEM AB BACKGROUND: Microfabricated genetic-analysis devices have great potential for delivering complex clinical diagnostic technology to the point of care. As a demonstration of the potential of these devices, we used a microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (mu CAE) instrument to rapidly characterize the familial and genotypic relationship of twins who had been assigned fraternal (dizygous) status at birth. METHODS: We extracted the genomic DNA from buccal samples collected from the twin sons, the parents, another sibling, and an unrelated control individual. We then carried out multiplex PCR amplification of sequences at 16 short tandem repeat loci commonly used in forensic identity testing. We simultaneously separated the amplicons from all of the individuals on a mu CAE device and fluorescently detected the amplicons with single-base resolution in < 30 min. RESULTS: The genotypic analysis confirmed the identical status of the twins and revealed, in conjunction with the medical data, that their twin status arose from the rarer dichorionic, diamniotic process. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to rapidly analyze complex genetic samples with mu CAE devices demonstrates that this approach can help meet the growing need for rapid genetics-based diagnostics. C1 [Mathies, Richard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yeung, Stephanie H. I.; Mathies, Richard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greenspoon, Susan A.] Virginia Dept Forens Sci, DNA Unit, Richmond, VA USA. RP Mathies, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Rich@zinc.cchem.berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1080 EP 1084 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.102319 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NO UT WOS:000256325800021 PM 18509014 ER PT J AU Bernstein, LH Zions, MY Alam, ME Haq, SA Zarich, S Seamonds, B Lesley, D Berger, S Heitner, JF AF Bernstein, L. H. Zions, M. Y. Alam, M. E. Haq, S. A. Zarich, S. Seamonds, B. Lesley, D. Berger, S. Heitner, J. F. TI Correcting NT-proBNP level for effect of renal function impairment SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Bernstein, L. H.; Zions, M. Y.; Alam, M. E.; Haq, S. A.; Heitner, J. F.] New York Methodist Hosp, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Zarich, S.] Bridgeport Hosp, Bridgeport, CT USA. [Seamonds, B.; Berger, S.] Mercy Hosp, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Lesley, D.] USN, MC, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 6 SU S MA B80 BP A75 EP A75 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 307NN UT WOS:000256325700227 ER PT J AU Owen, G McCormick, GH AF Owen, Guillermo McCormick, Gordon H. TI Finding a moving fugitive. A game theoretic representation of search SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE search games; Markov process; frobenius eigenvector ID PURSUIT; MOBILE; HIDER AB We develop and analyze a "manhunting" game involving a mobile hider, who wishes to maximize his time to capture, and a mobile searcher, who wishes to minimize this same time. The game takes place within a variegated environment that offers better and worse locations to evade capture. The hider is able to move from one hide site to another at will. In choosing a hide site, he must consider the risk of discovery, the risk that he will be betrayed, and the risk that he will be captured while moving from one site to another. The searcher can select any cell to search within the fugitive's feasible hiding set. We examine the strategic behavior of both players and provide examples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Owen, G (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. EM gowen@nps.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1944 EP 1962 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.020 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 236HU UT WOS:000251294600013 ER PT J AU Bultan, T Heitmeyer, C AF Bultan, Tevfik Heitmeyer, Constance TI Applying infinite state model checking and other analysis techniques to tabular requirements specifications of safety-critical systems SO DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Council EDA DE infinite state model checking; requirements specifications; safety-critical systems ID SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATIONS; VERIFICATION; AUTOMATA; BDDS AB Although it is most often applied to finite state models, in recent years, symbolic model checking has been extended to infinite state models using symbolic representations that encode infinite sets. This paper investigates the application of an infinite state symbolic model checker called Action Language Verifier (ALV) to formal requirements specifications of safety-critical systems represented in the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) tabular notation. After reviewing the SCR method and tools, the Action Language for representing state machine models, and the ALV infinite state model checker, the paper presents experimental results of formally analyzing two SCR specifications using ALV. The application of ALV to verify or falsify (by generating counterexample behaviors) the state and transition invariants of SCR specifications and to check Disjointness and Coverage properties is described. The results of formal analysis with ALV are then compared with the results of formal analysis using techniques that have been integrated into the SCR toolset. Based on the experimental results, strengths and weaknesses of infinite state model checking with respect to other formal analysis approaches such as explicit and finite state model checking and theorem proving are discussed. C1 [Bultan, Tevfik] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Heitmeyer, Constance] USN, Res Lab Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bultan, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bultan@cs.ucsb.edu; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5585 EI 1572-8080 J9 DES AUTOM EMBED SYST JI Des. Autom. Embed. Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s10617-008-9014-2 PG 41 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 328CU UT WOS:000257776000005 ER PT J AU Archer, M Lim, H Lynch, N Mitra, S Umeno, S AF Archer, Myla Lim, Hongping Lynch, Nancy Mitra, Sayan Umeno, Shinya TI Specifying and proving properties of timed I/O automata using Tempo SO DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 27-30, 2006 CL Napa Valley, CA SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Council EDA DE system development frameworks; modeling environments; tool suites; automata models; timed automata; hybrid systems; formal methods; specification; verification; theorem proving AB Timed I/O automata (TIOA) is a mathematical framework for modeling and verification of distributed systems that involve discrete and continuous dynamics. TIOA can be used for example, to model a real-time software component controlling a physical process. The TIOA model is sufficiently general to subsume other models in use for timed systems. The Tempo Toolset, currently under development, is aimed at supporting system development based on TIOA specifications. The Tempo Toolset is an extension of the IOA toolkit, which provides a specification simulator, a code generator, and both model checking and theorem proving support for analyzing specifications. This paper focuses on the modeling of timed systems and their properties with TIOA and on the use of TAME4TIOA, the TAME (Timed Automata Modeling Environment) based theorem proving support provided in Tempo, for proving system properties, including timing properties. Several examples are provided by way of illustration. C1 [Archer, Myla] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lim, Hongping; Lynch, Nancy; Mitra, Sayan; Umeno, Shinya] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Archer, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; hongping@mit.edu; lynch@mit.edu; mitras@mit.edu; umeno@mit.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5585 J9 DES AUTOM EMBED SYST JI Des. Autom. Embed. Syst. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10617-008-9022-2 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 328CU UT WOS:000257776000006 ER PT J AU Nuth, JA Lowrance, JL Carruthers, GR AF Nuth, Joseph A., III Lowrance, John L. Carruthers, George R. TI NEOCAM: The Near Earth Object Chemical Analysis Mission SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids Conference 2007 CY JUN 11-15, 2007 CL CosmoCaixa Sci Museum, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Inst Space Sci, Inst Estudies Espacials Catalunya HO CosmoCaixa Sci Museum DE meteor; spectra; ultraviolet; meteor shower; space observations ID COSMIC SPHERULES; PRIMITIVE EARTH; METEOR SPECTRA; LEONID METEOR; 860 NM; ORBITS AB The prime measurement objective of the Near Earth Object Chemical Analysis Mission (NEOCAM) is to obtain the ultraviolet spectra of meteors entering the terrestrial atmosphere from similar to 125 to 300 nm in meteor showers. All of the spectra will be collected using a slitless ultraviolet spectrometer in Earth orbit. Analysis of these spectra will reveal the degree of chemical diversity in the meteors, as observed in a single meteor shower. Such meteors are traceable to a specific parent body and we know exactly when the meteoroids in a particular shower were released from that parent body (Asher, in: Arlt (ed.) Proc. International Meteor Conference, 2000; Lyytinen and van Flandern, Earth Moon Planets 82-83:149-166, 2000). By observing multiple apparitions of meteor showers we can therefore obtain quasi-stratigraphic information on an individual comet or asteroid. We might also be able to measure systematic effects of chemical weathering in meteoroids from specific parent bodies by looking for correlations in the depletions of the more volatile elements as a function of space exposure (Borovicka et al., Icarus 174:15-30, 2005). By observing the relation between meteor entry characteristics (such as the rate of deceleration or breakup) and chemistry we can determine if our meteorite collection is deficient in the most volatile-rich samples. Finally, we can obtain a direct measurement of metal deposition into the terrestrial stratosphere that may act to catalyze atmospheric chemical reactions. C1 [Nuth, Joseph A., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lowrance, John L.] Princeton Sci Instruments Inc, Monmouth Jct, NJ 08852 USA. [Carruthers, George R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Ultraviolet Measurements Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nuth, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Lab, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joseph.A.Nuth@NASA.gov RI Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD JUN PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1-4 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s11038-007-9178-y PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 278BQ UT WOS:000254258900065 ER PT J AU Witte, LCDRJ AF Witte, L. C. D. R. John TI End user feedback: A discussion, lessons learned, and recommendations for managers of R&D programs SO EMJ-ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE system engineering; project management; project evaluation; end users AB This reflective case study was generated from an evaluation of the Navy's underperforming Advanced Seal Delivery System (ASDS) program. Two main systemic Issues were revealed: insufficient systems engineering and a mismatch of requirements and resources. These issues were illustrated by analyzing three significant engineering issues: the main propulsion battery, the vehicle's acoustic quieting, and the tail assembly hydrodynamic performance. An evaluation framework was developed revealing that end users (ASDS operators and submariners) have Substantial knowledge resources that can provide significant benefit to all program stakeholders. Engineering managers can capitalize on the recommended methodology to drive organizational change by more tightly Coupling skill sets possessed by the end users to key points in a program's development. C1 [Witte, L. C. D. R. John] USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Witte, LCDRJ (reprint author), 6026 Peregrine Court, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. EM jwitte78@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PI ROLLA PA PO BOX 820, ROLLA, MO 65402 USA SN 1042-9247 J9 EMJ-ENG MANAG J JI EMJ-Eng. Manag. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 340RU UT WOS:000258663500004 ER PT J AU Bish, EK Lin, KY Hong, SJ AF Bish, Ebru K. Lin, Kyle Y. Hong, Seong-Jong TI Allocation of flexible and indivisible resources with decision postponement and demand learning SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE retailing; resource flexibility; demand forecast; capacity allocation; perishable inventory ID AIRLINE FLEET ASSIGNMENT; OPTIMAL INVESTMENT; STRATEGIES; CAPACITY AB We consider a firm that uses two perishable resources to satisfy two demand types. Resources are flexible such that each resource can be used to satisfy either demand type. Resources are also indivisible such that the entire resource must be allocated to the same demand type. This type of resource flexibility can be found in different applications such as movie theater complexes, cruise lines, and airlines. In our model, customers arrive according to independent Poisson processes, but the arrival rates are uncertain. Thus, the manager can learn about customer arrival rates from earlier demand figures and potentially increase the sales by postponing the resource allocation decision. We consider two settings, and derive the optimal resource allocation policy for one setting and develop a heuristic policy for the other. Our analysis provides managerial insights into the effectiveness of different resource allocation mechanisms for flexible and indivisible resources. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bish, Ebru K.; Hong, Seong-Jong] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lin, Kyle Y.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bish, EK (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, 250 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ebru@vt.edu; kylin@nps.edu; sehongl@vt.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 187 IS 2 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2007.03.013 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 244VA UT WOS:000251892200007 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Molchan, R Soley, L Grady, J Haas, DM AF Stephens, Mark B. Molchan, Ryan Soley, Leah Grady, John Haas, David M. TI Pre-pregnancy fitness levels and delivery outcomes SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Stephens, Mark B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Soley, Leah] USN Hosp Cherry Point, Havelock, NC USA. [Grady, John] USN Hosp Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Haas, David M.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 315JQ UT WOS:000256875100002 PM 18773772 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, Sylvain TI Kafka's 'Hungerkunstler': A messiade in wild humor form SO GERMAN QUARTERLY LA German DT Article AB Der Aufsatz untersucht Kafkas Parabel Ein Hungerkunstler (1922), die oft zu Unrecht als "Allegorie des Modernismus" oder "eines transzendentalen Nihilismus" erachtet wird. Kafkas Prosa-Dichtung wird zunachst an eine bis zum Mythos des Tantalus zuruckreichende Tradition angeknupft und dann auf ihre dialektische Spielstruktur hin uberpruft. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich Kafka die kulturuberschreitende Semiotik der Zirkuswelt zu eigen macht, um dem absterbenden Begriff der christlichen Transfiguratio neues Leben einzuhauchen. Der Panther am Erzahlschluss enthullt sich als das Ergebnis einer geheimen Verwandlung und bekraftigt Kafkas Uberzeugung von der messianischen Lebenskraft neuer Traumsymbole. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-8831 J9 GER QUART JI Ger. Q. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Language & Linguistics; Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian SC Linguistics; Literature GA 335LE UT WOS:000258291300007 ER PT J AU Felker, CC AF Felker, Craig C. TI Bitter Ocean: The Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945 SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 [Felker, Craig C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Felker, CC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SUM PY 2008 VL 70 IS 2 BP 402 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00213_71.x PG 2 WC History SC History GA 311WF UT WOS:000256630400075 ER PT J AU Sarkar, TK Burintramart, S Yilmazer, N Zhang, Y De, A Salazar-Palma, M Lagunas, MA Mokole, EL Wicks, MC AF Sarkar, Tapan K. Burintramart, Santana Yilmazer, Nuri Zhang, Yu De, Arijit Salazar-Palma, Magdalena Lagunas, Miguel A. Mokole, Eric L. Wicks, Michael C. TI A look at the concept of channel capacity from a Maxwellian viewpoint SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE entropy; channel capacity; information rates; Maxwellian physics; Poynting theorem; near field; far field; communication systems; information transmission; wireless communication systems; land mobile radio cellular systems; wireless LAN; Hartley's law; Shannon channel capacity ID INFORMATION-THEORY; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; COMMUNICATION AB Wireless communication is an active area of current research in communication technology. To assess the performance of a wireless system, one needs to quantify its ability to handle information. Typically, the performance of such systems is characterized in terms of the channel capacity. In this article, we look at the various mathematical representations of the channel capacity, and trace how they have evolved from the initial concept of entropy. Two popular mathematical representations of channel capacity involve the power and the voltage related to the incident field at the receiver. If one uses similar values for the background noise power in the two formalisms, and ensures that the transmitting and receiving antennas are matched, then the two formulas may yield similar results, even though they are functionally different. The essential point to be made here is that the channel capacity, like entropy, is an abstract mathematical number that has little connection to the electromagnetic properties of the system. However, introducing Maxwellian physics can help one interpret the channel-capacity formulas in a physically realistic way by using the vector electromagnetic equations. In electromagnetics, power is carried by the fields, and that is why the fields are fundamental in nature. In this case, a Maxwellian approach to wireless technology is not only relevant, but also vitally important. Such a formalism will correct the variety of deficiencies in the current wireless-communication literature. The primary objective of this paper is to apply the various formulas for channel capacity in a physically proper way. First, the channel capacity of any system needs to be characterized under the same input-power constraints, while simultaneously accounting for the radiation efficiency of the transmitting and receiving antennas. Second, the voltage form of the channel capacity is more useful for wireless systems than the power form, since the sensitivities of the receivers are generally characterized in terms of the received electric fields. In addition, the received power is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the background noise. Third, in a near-field scenario, it is not clear how to evaluate the power in a simple way. Consequently, we will show that the voltage form of the channel capacity, which depends only on the electric field, is always applicable to both the near and far fields. In contrast, the power form depends on the electric and magnetic fields (unless the antennas are conjugately matched). The solution of the vector electromagnetic problem also illustrates that deploying antennas near the ground yields a higher capacity than placing them on top of a high tower, away from the Earth. In addition, electrical tuning of the antennas further increases the capacity. These subtle points are generally missed by a statistical formulation. In addition, the practice of unrealistically representing antennas by point sources is devoid of any near-field effects, which require both the electric and the magnetic fields to compute the power. Examples are presented for single-input-single-output situations to illustrate the subtleties of the vector nature of the problem, which is missing in current formulations. In particular, the results of simulations of a dielectric box surrounding a receiving antenna suggest that the box enhances signals in some cases, instead of impeding line-of-sight propagation. C1 [Sarkar, Tapan K.; Burintramart, Santana; Yilmazer, Nuri; Zhang, Yu; De, Arijit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, Magdalena] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Teor Senal & Commun, Madrid 28911, Spain. [Mokole, Eric L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] AFRL SN, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Lagunas, Miguel A.] CTTC, Barcelona, Spain. RP Sarkar, TK (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM tksarkar@syr.edu; sburintr@syr.edu; nyilmaze@syr.edu; yzhang39@syr.edu; ade@syr.edu; m.salazar-palma@ieee.org; m.a.lagunas@cttc.es; eric.mokole@nrl.navy.mil; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil RI Lagunas, Miguel/N-9255-2014; Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 OI Lagunas, Miguel/0000-0003-3338-244X; NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 21 EP 50 DI 10.1109/MAP.2008.4563562 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 323HI UT WOS:000257436800004 ER PT J AU Jin, N Yu, RH Chung, SY Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Jin, Niu Yu, Ronghua Chung, Sung-Yong Berger, Paul R. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Strain-engineered Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes grown on Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates with strained Si cladding layers SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE negative differential resistance; resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs); semiconductor epitaxial layers; silicon alloys; silicon germanium; strained layers; tunnel diodes ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MIXED-SIGNAL APPLICATIONS; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHORUS; OPERATION; KA/CM(2); SI1-XGEX AB Strain-engineered Si-based resonant interband tunneling diodes grown on commercially available Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates were developed that address issues of P dopant diffusion and electron confinement. Strain-induced band offsets were effectively utilized to improve tunnel diode performance versus the control device, particularly the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR). By growing tensilely strained Si layers cladding the P delta-doping plane, the quantum well formed by the P delta-doping plane is deepened, which concurrently increases the optimal annealing temperature from 800 degrees C to 835 degrees C and facilitates an increase in the PVCR up to 1.8 x from 1.6 to 2.8 at room temperature, which is significantly better than previous results on strained substrates. C1 [Jin, Niu; Chung, Sung-Yong; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yu, Ronghua; Berger, Paul R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Natl Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1109/LED.2008.923208 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 305OZ UT WOS:000256189000019 ER PT J AU Dietz, AJ Audette, WE Bromberg, L Minervini, JV Fitzpatrick, BK AF Dietz, Anthony J. Audette, William E. Bromberg, Leslie Minervini, Joseph V. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. TI Resistance of demountable mechanical lap joints for a high temperature superconducting cable connector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Council Appl Superconductiv DE connector; HTS; joint; resistance AB Experiments conducted to determine the resistance of demountable HTS lap joints with variations in compressive stress are reported here. A joint fixture was constructed that enabled the simultaneous testing of multiple joints of different configurations. The joint fixture was installed in a loading facility, comprising a pneumatic press mounted in a vacuum bell jar and connected to a GM cryocooler. The resistance across each joint was measured by means of voltage taps over a range of compressive joint forces. The test results demonstrated that joint resistances less than 2 mu Omega were possible with only light joint loading. C1 [Dietz, Anthony J.; Audette, William E.] Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bromberg, Leslie; Minervini, Joseph V.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Brian K.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Dietz, AJ (reprint author), Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ajd@creare.com; brom@psfc.mit.edu; brain.fitzpatrick@navy.mil NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.921358 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 311UK UT WOS:000256625700262 ER PT J AU Brown, L Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, D Jesser, W AF Brown, Lloyd Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris Jesser, William TI Testing and evaluation of metal fiber brush operation on slip rings and commutators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE adhesive wear; commutator; metal fiber brush; rotor; sliding contact; slip ring ID WEAR AB A research apparatus was designed for use in an investigation to compare the current conduction and wear behavior of metal fiber brushes on commutators and slip rings. To this end, metal fiber brushes were operated, while conducting direct current, on gold-plated copper rotors with and without unfilled gaps to simulate slip rings and commutators, respectively. The results of an investigation to determine the wear mechanism of metal fiber brushes on commutators and slip rings are presented. Metal fiber brushes were operated, while conducting direct current, on gold-plated copper rotors with and without unfilled gaps to simulate slip rings and commutators. Wear rates on unfilled-groove commutators were found to be only modestly higher than on slip ring rotors. Three possible causes for enhanced metal fiber brush wear on commutators were considered: 1) accelerated "adhesive" wear controlled by contact spots, 2) fatigue induced wear, and 3) "fiber chopping". All observations on wear debris and brush fibers are consistent with "adhesive" fiber brush wear on commutators as well as on slip rings; due to interlocking contact spots. Little to no evidence was found to support the other two hypotheses of fatigue induced wear and fiber chopping. The same conclusion also follows from comparing commutator wear rates with that on slip rings. A geometrical factor to account for the local elevation of brush pressure due to commutator grooves not supporting brush fiber tips was determined. This factor, of approximately 1.2, brought the wear data for commutators and slip rings into coincidence. C1 [Brown, Lloyd] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris; Jesser, William] Univ Virginia, Mat Sci Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lbrown@usna.edu; dw@virginia.edu; waj@virginia.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2008.921649 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 311EX UT WOS:000256584600030 ER PT J AU Andrikopoulos, P Boone, TD Haegel, NM AF Andrikopoulos, Pavlos Boone, Thomas D., Jr. Haegel, Nancy M. TI Localized electric field mapping in planar semiconductor structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE electric field distribution; localized field mapping; near-contact electric field profiling; transport imaging ID GAAS; TRANSPORT; EMISSION AB A technique for imaging the 2-D transport of free charge in semiconductor structures is used to directly map electric field distributions in operating devices. Transport imaging is demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope operating in spot mode, using an optical microscope and a high-sensitivity charge-coupled detector to collect resulting luminescence from minority carrier recombination. The field is determined from the ratio of peak intensities in luminescence images with and without an applied electric field. The technique maps the intensity and direction of the electric field with high resolution. Fields are measured for both parallel plate and nonuniform current flow geometries. The results not only show excellent overall agreement with finite-element electrostatics modeling but also demonstrate the ability of the technique to measure the actual profiles that reflect local material variations and contact-related phenomena. C1 [Andrikopoulos, Pavlos] Hellen Army Gen Staff Artillery Directorate, Athens 15500, Greece. [Boone, Thomas D., Jr.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Haegel, Nancy M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Andrikopoulos, P (reprint author), Hellen Army Gen Staff Artillery Directorate, Athens 15500, Greece. EM pandrik@otenet.gr; nmhaegel@nps.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.920971 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 305CO UT WOS:000256155600034 ER PT J AU Luginsland, J Sirigiri, J Yater, J AF Luginsland, John Sirigiri, Jagadishwar Yater, Joan TI The Twelfth Special Issue on High-Power Microwave Generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Luginsland, John] NumerEx, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Sirigiri, Jagadishwar] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Yater, Joan] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luginsland, J (reprint author), NumerEx, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 566 EP 568 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.926080 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800001 ER PT J AU Fliflet, AW AF Fliflet, Arne W. TI Self-consistent electromagnetic-thermal model for calculating the temperature of a ceramic cylinder irradiated by a high-power millimeter-wave beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramics; dielectric losses; electromagnetic heating; gyrotrons; material processing ID SLABS AB The high-power millimeter-wave beams that can be generated by CW gyrotrons represent a promising energy source for rapid high-temperature processing of materials. A program is under way at the Naval Research Laboratory to investigate the heating of ceramic tubes and cylinders using an 83-GHz beam for joining and sintering applications. In this paper, we discuss the scattering and absorption of microwave power by a ceramic cylinder and calculate the resulting temperature profile. The analysis accounts for the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties, an effect that can dramatically alter the microwave coupling during the heating process. In the process under investigation, the cylinder is rotated to promote azimuthally uniform heating so that only the radial dependence of the dielectric properties needs to be included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat & Particle Beam Generat Sect, Beam Phys Branch,Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat & Particle Beam Generat Sect, Beam Phys Branch,Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.923755 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800003 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Hornstein, MK Kinkead, AK AF Gold, Steven H. Fliflet, Arne W. Hornstein, Melissa K. Kinkead, Allen K. TI Observation of mode competition in an 11.4-GHz magnicon amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron devices; gyrotron; magnicon; microwave amplifier; parasitic mode ID MULTIMODE SIMULATION AB This paper describes the observation of pulse shortening in an 11.4-GHz magnicon amplifier due to competition with a parasitic gyrotron mode. This effect was observed following the installation of a new electron beam collector. The parasitic mode occurred only at high operating powers, when the beam transverse momentum was high, and the growth of the parasitic mode caused the power in the output pulse to drop substantially. We analyze the competition between the gyrotron and magnicon modes in the output cavity using a time-dependent multimode gyrotron simulation code that has been specially modified to model competition between synchronous magnicon and nonsynchronous gyrotron interactions, and compare the results to experimental observations. We also analyze the effect due to the change in the collector. C1 [Gold, Steven H.; Fliflet, Arne W.; Hornstein, Melissa K.; Kinkead, Allen K.] USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.gold@nrl.navy.mil; arne.fliflet@nrl.navy.mil; melissa.hornstein@nrl.navy.mil; allen.kinkead@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.923735 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800005 ER PT J AU Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Chernyavskiy, IA Nusinovich, GS Levush, B AF Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Nusinovich, Gregory S. Levush, Baruch TI MAGY simulations of mode interaction in a coaxial gyrotron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coaxial cavity gyrotron; mode competition; multimode simulations; plasma heating ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON MASER; HARMONIC GYROTRON; CAVITY GYROTRON; OSCILLATORS; STARTUP; INNER; INSTABILITY; COMPETITION; RESONATORS; OPERATION AB Mode interactions in coaxial gyrotrons are studied numerically using the Maryland gyrotron code (MAGY), which has recently been modified to treat coaxial structures. Simulations are focused on the study of the FZK 170 GHz coaxial gyrotron. This device is being considered for electron cyclotron plasma heating in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor; however, current performance is below expectations based on previous simulations. The mode competition process during the voltage rise includes at least six modes in two groups (corotating and counterrotating with an electron beam). Simulations show that the sequence of modes achieving a measurable level of output power during start-up depends on several electron beam parameters: voltage, current, beam radius, beam thickness, pitch angle, and spread in transverse velocity. MAGY simulations made with nominal parameters confirm the results of previous simulations. Two beam parameters are not well characterized: pitch angle and spread in transverse velocity. We found that the measured results are consistent with a decrease in. the pitch angle and a 3% transverse velocity spread. Also, the effect of modes at the 2 Omega(0) cyclotron harmonic on the fundamental cyclotron harmonic modes is studied and discussed. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.; Nusinovich, Gregory S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM Alexander.N.Vlasov@saic.com; antonsen@umd.edu; gregoryn@glue.umd.edu; levush@nrl.navy.mil RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156; Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 606 EP 619 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.920276 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800006 ER PT J AU Chernyavskiy, IA Cooke, SJ Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Abe, DK Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Cooke, Simon J. Vlasov, Alexander N. Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Abe, David K. Levush, Baruch Nguyen, Khanh T. TI Parallel simulation of independent beam-tunnels in multiple-beam klystrons using TESLA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE large-signal code TESLA; message-passing interface (MPI); multiple-beam klystron (MBK); parallel algorithm ID S-BAND; CODE TESLA; DESIGN AB We present an extension of the klystron simulation code TESLA to model multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs) in which interaction parameters may vary significantly from beam-tunnel to beam-tunnel. In earlier work, the single-beam code was applied to model the MBK by assuming that all electron beams and beam-tunnels were identical and all electron beams interacted identically with the fields of the resonant cavities, using averaged values of R/Q to represent interaction with each resonant cavity. To overcome the limitations of this approach and to take into account the effects from nonidentical beams and/or beam-tunnels, we have modified the code to use a parallel algorithm for multiple beams. The implementation of the parallel version of TESLA is based on the latest Fortran-95 version of the serial code and uses the message-passing interface library for communication. For testing and verification purposes, the new version of the code is applied to simulate an experimental four-cavity, eight-beam klystron amplifier, which was designed and successfully tested last year at the Naval Research Laboratory. The results of modeling using the new parallel TESLA and their comparison with experimental data are discussed in detail. C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Vlasov, Alexander N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM igor.a.chernyavskiy@saic.com; simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil; alexander.n.vlasov@saic.com; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; david.abe@nrl.navy.mil; levush@estd.nrl.navy.mil; knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 670 EP 681 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.920270 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315ND UT WOS:000256885800014 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Myers, MC Wolford, MF Burns, PM Friedman, M AF Hegeler, Frank Giuliani, John L., Jr. Sethian, John D. Myers, Matthew C. Wolford, Matthew F. Burns, Patrick M. Friedman, Moshe TI Forced convective cooling of foils in a repetitively pulsed electron-beam diode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE convective cooling; electron-beam (e-beam) pumping; gas lasers; hibachi foil; temperature measurements ID PUMPED KRF LASER; UNIFORM HEAT-FLUX; FUSION ENERGY; TRANSMISSION WINDOW; XECL LASER; WALL-JET; REP-RATE; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; EMISSION AB Electron-beam (e-beam)-pumped high-power gas lasers require the use of a transmission window/foil to separate the vacuum diode from the laser cell. Under repetitive operation the foil is subject to an e-beam heat load and would eventually fail without cooling. This paper investigates forced convective cooling of a foil in the main amplifier of the Electra KrF laser by flowing the laser gas around a closed loop. The experimental data were taken with one of the two diodes operating at 500 kV, 110 kA, a full-width at half-maximum of 140 ns, and with an external axial magnetic field of 0.14 T. Type-T thermocouples are used to measure the temperature of the foil under a variety of conditions including flow-velocity enhancement due to louver inserts, repetition rate, cathode configuration, gas composition, and height along the foil. A first-order model that considers cooling due to turbulent flow, as well as internal foil thermal conduction and radiation, reproduces the general trends observed in the data. The goal is to keep the temperature of a 25-mu m-thick stainless steel foil below the tensile strength and long-term thermal fatigue limits when operating at 5 Hz. The data, in combination with the model, predict that this goal can be achieved by diverting the laser gas to flow at high velocity along the foil surface. C1 [Hegeler, Frank; Friedman, Moshe] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Giuliani, John L., Jr.; Sethian, John D.; Myers, Matthew C.; Wolford, Matthew F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burns, Patrick M.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM frank.hegeler@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; john.sethian@nrl.navy.mil; matt.myers@nrl.navy.mil; matthew.wolford@nrl.navy.mil; patrick.burns@nrl.navy.mil; moshe.friedman@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 778 EP 793 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.922919 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 315NE UT WOS:000256885900006 ER PT J AU Lynch, KM Schwartz, IB Yang, P Freeman, RA AF Lynch, Kevin M. Schwartz, Ira B. Yang, Peng Freeman, Randy A. TI Decentralized environmental modeling by mobile sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE average consensus estimation; decentralized control; distributed control; mobile sensor networks; multiagent systems; ocean modeling ID MULTIROBOT SYSTEMS; SPECIAL-ISSUE; CONSENSUS; MOTION AB Cooperating mobile sensors can be used to model environmental functions such as the temperature or salinity of a region of ocean. In this paper, we adopt an optimal filtering approach to fusing local sensor data into a global model of the environment. Our approach is based on the use of proportional-integral (PI) average consensus estimators, whereby information from each mobile sensor diffuses through the communication network. As a result, this approach is scalable and fully decentralized, and allows changing network topologies and anonymous agents to be added and subtracted at any time. We also derive control laws for mobile sensors to move to maximize their sensory information relative to current uncertainties in the model. The approach is demonstrated by simulations including modeling ocean temperature. C1 [Lynch, Kevin M.; Yang, Peng] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Freeman, Randy A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Lynch, KM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM kmlynch@northwestern.edu; ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil; p-yang@northwestern.edu; freeman@ece.northwestern.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Freeman, Randy/B-7151-2009; Lynch, Kevin/B-7600-2009 NR 48 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 EI 1941-0468 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 710 EP 724 DI 10.1109/TRO.2008.921567 PG 15 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 316RH UT WOS:000256966900017 ER PT J AU Cheney, M Borden, B AF Cheney, Margaret Borden, Brett TI Imaging moving targets from scattered waves SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE INVERSION; RADAR; TOMOGRAPHY AB We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal and spectral aspects of scattered waves. We consider the case of fixed sensors and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We derive a model for the data that is appropriate for any waveform, and show how it specializes to familiar results in the cases when: (a) the targets are moving slowly, (b) the targets are far from the antennas and (c) narrowband waveforms are used. From these models, we develop a phase-space imaging formula that can be interpreted in terms of filtered backprojection or matched filtering. For this imaging approach, we derive the corresponding point-spread function. We show that special cases of the theory reduce to: (a) range-Doppler imaging, (b) inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), (c) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), (d) Doppler SAR, (e) diffraction tomography and (f) tomography of moving targets. We also show that the theory gives a new SAR imaging algorithm for waveforms with arbitrary ridge-like ambiguity functions. C1 [Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Borden, Brett] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheney, M (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 AR 035005 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/24/3/035005 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 304ZX UT WOS:000256148700022 ER PT J AU Alves, FDP Amorim, J Byloos, M Liu, HC Bezinger, A Buchanan, M Hanson, N Karunasiri, G AF Alves, F. D. P. Amorim, J. Byloos, M. Liu, H. C. Bezinger, A. Buchanan, M. Hanson, N. Karunasiri, G. TI Three-band quantum well infrared photodetector using interband and intersubband transitions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a quantum well infrared photodetector capable of detecting near infrared (NIR), midwavelength infrared (MWIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR) simultaneously. The NIR detection was achieved using interband transition while MWIR and LWIR were based on intersubband transition in the conduction band. The quantum well structure was modeled by solving self-consistently the Schrodinger and Poisson equations with the help of the shooting method. Intersubband absorption in the sample was measured for the MWIR and LWIR using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the measured peak positions were found at 5.3 and 8.7 mu m, respectively, which are within 5% of the theoretical values, indicating the good accuracy of the self-consistent model. The photodetectors were fabricated using a standard photolithography process with exposed middle contacts to allow separate bias and readout of signals from the three wavelength bands. The background limited infrared performance for the LWIR quantum wells shows an upper operating temperature of about 70 K, limiting the overall device. Photocurrent spectroscopy was performed and gave three peaks at 0.84, 5.0, and 8.5 mu m wavelengths with approximately 0.5, 0.03, and 0.13 A/W peak responsivities for NIR, MWIR, and LWIR bands, respectively. These results demonstrate the possibility of detection of widely separated wavelength bands, in a single pixel device, using interband and intersubband transitions in quantum wells. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Alves, F. D. P.; Amorim, J.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, BR-12228900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Byloos, M.; Liu, H. C.; Bezinger, A.; Buchanan, M.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Hanson, N.; Karunasiri, G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alves, FDP (reprint author), Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, 50 Sao Jose Campos, BR-12228900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM durante@ita.br RI Amorim, Jayr/M-9794-2014 OI Amorim, Jayr/0000-0002-9250-4681 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 AR 114515 DI 10.1063/1.2937919 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 312XR UT WOS:000256706200116 ER PT J AU Bacher, G Welsch, MK Forchel, A Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Becker, CR Molenkamp, LW AF Bacher, G. Welsch, M. K. Forchel, A. Lyanda-Geller, Y. Reinecke, T. L. Becker, C. R. Molenkamp, L. W. TI Tunable quantum coupling in a II-VI quantum dot molecule SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE THERMAL INTERDIFFUSION; SPIN; SYSTEM; WIRES AB Single quantum dot molecules have been fabricated from coupled quantum well structures of (Cd, Mn, Mg) Te alloy materials using a selective interdiffusion technique. Incorporation of Mn ions in one of the quantum dots in the molecule results in pairs of quantum dots with markedly different spin splittings. By comparing the observed magnetic field dependence of the optical polarization in photoluminescence with detailed calculations, we show that the coupling between the dots is quantum mechanical tunnel coupling and that it is tunable. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bacher, G.] Univ Duisburg Essen, CeNIDE, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Bacher, G.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Werkstoffe Elektrotech, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Welsch, M. K.; Forchel, A.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Lyanda-Geller, Y.; Reinecke, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bacher, G (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Werkstoffe Elektrotech, Bismarckstr 81, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. EM gerd.bacher@uni-duisburg-essen.de OI Molenkamp, Laurens/0000-0003-4833-5179; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 AR 113520 DI 10.1063/1.2937239 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 312XR UT WOS:000256706200036 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Petitfils, A Wrobel, F Butler, JE Mady, F AF Benabdesselam, M. Petitfils, A. Wrobel, F. Butler, J. E. Mady, F. TI Thermal quenching investigation in chemical vapor deposited diamond by simultaneous detection of thermally stimulated luminescence and conductivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION ENERGIES; GLOW CURVES; THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond is a very promising material that is extensively studied in many technologies. Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) experiments demonstrate that an important thermal quenching phenomenon occurs with microwave plasma chemical vapor deposited diamond. This phenomenon leads to a large discrepancy on the determination of electronic trap parameters. Thermally stimulated conductivity phenomenon is not affected by thermal quenching and allows an easier determination of trap parameters than TSL measurements. The difference between the two ways of computing trap energy is found to be around 4% instead of 28%, which is obtained when thermal quenching fails. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Benabdesselam, M.; Petitfils, A.; Mady, F.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6622, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, F-06108 Nice 2, France. [Wrobel, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, IES, UMR 5214, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Butler, J. E.] USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6622, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, F-06108 Nice 2, France. EM ben@unice.fr RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 AR 114908 DI 10.1063/1.2937243 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 312XR UT WOS:000256706200126 ER PT J AU Kong, SG Wu, DH AF Kong, Seong G. Wu, Dong H. TI Signal restoration from atmospheric degradation in terahertz spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN; NETWORKS AB This paper presents a method of restoring signals in terahertz spectroscopy by removing the distortion from the observed terahertz signals. The distortion is generated by the absorption and scattering of gas molecules and water vapor in the atmosphere during the transmission of terahertz beams through the air from the source to the spectrometer. Such atmospheric degradation causes spurious spectral dips and peaks in the terahertz spectrum, which often obscure the spectral peaks specific to the material of interest. This fact makes it challenging to measure the terahertz spectroscopic signatures of objects in a humid air environment, even at a short distance of approximately 1 m. A terahertz signal restoration filter based on a nonlinear artificial neural network model effectively removes noisy absorption peaks in terahertz spectra caused by atmospheric degradation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kong, Seong G.] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wu, Dong H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kong, SG (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM skong@temple.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 AR 113105 DI 10.1063/1.2931946 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 312XR UT WOS:000256706200006 ER PT J AU Apple, JK Smith, EM Boyd, TJ AF Apple, Jude K. Smith, Erik M. Boyd, Thomas J. TI Temperature, Salinity, Nutrients, and the Covariation of Bacterial Production and Chlorophyll-a in Estuarine Ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacterioplankton; National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS); estuary; chlorophyll-a ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROWTH-RATE; FRESH-WATER; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; RESEARCH RESERVE; BACTERIOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; MICROBIAL PROCESSES AB The National Estuarine Research Reserve System represents a diverse collection of ecosystems among which environmental conditions differ dramatically, making it inherently difficult to determine the extent to which patterns and properties identified in one estuary are transferable to those of any other. The primary objective of our study was to develop a multivariate classification framework for comparison of these estuaries and identify the primary sources of environmental variability in each. Using a 4-year dataset from the National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program, combined with principal components analysis, we identified distinct patterns among 21 reserves that allowed grouping based on the primary factors shaping physicochemical variability. Salinity and temperature were the primary factors shaping variability in the reserves, an observation that was corroborated by similar multivariate analysis of data from 33 published studies of non-National Estuarine Research Reserve systems representing a wide range of coastal and estuarine waters. We then investigated the effect of temperature and salinity on biological processes in these systems by using the ratio of bacterial production to chlorophyll-a as a response variable. Salinity and temperature had different but significant effects on bacterial production/chlorophyll-a ratios, suggesting in turn that these properties contribute to the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic planktonic processes in estuarine ecosystems. Our study confirms the universal role of salinity and temperature in shaping the variability among even the most diverse systems and provides a valuable classification framework for comparison of reserves within the context of the entire National Estuarine Research Reserve System. Use of this classification approach may provide insight into the extent to which results from investigative studies in one reserve may be applicable to others, a valuable application when the effect of environmental stressors is considered. C1 [Apple, Jude K.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smith, Erik M.] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Apple, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jude.Apple@wwu.edu FU NERRS; [MAR98-0932] FX This research was funded in part by grants from the NERRS Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology, and Baruch Marine Research Institute Visiting Scientist Award. We thank D. Miller, M. Kemp, and R. Newell for revisions during the development of this manuscript and the panel of anonymous reviewers for their time, effort, and valuable contributions. We also acknowledge the contribution of additional data from D. Kirchman, P. del Giorgio, T. Bouvier, E. Koepfler, and D. Vaque (Hivern project; Grant No. MAR98-0932 to M. Estrada). NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2008 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.2112/SI55-005.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 452TL UT WOS:000266564000006 ER PT J AU Lee, K Lee, SW Ng, SJ AF Lee, Keejoo Lee, Sung W. Ng, Stanley J. TI Micromechanical modeling of stretch broken carbon fiber materials SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE micromechanics; aligned discontinuous carbon fiber system; stretching; fiber break length ID FLOW AB A micromechanical model is developed to characterize the constitutive behavior of stretch broken carbon fiber (SBCF) materials. The model takes into account the characteristics of the viscous resin materials and the effect of randomly distributed discontinuous fibers. The predicted force-to-stretch (FTS) values for uniaxial stretching of SBCF prepreg tapes favorably compare with experimental data. C1 [Lee, Keejoo; Lee, Sung W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ng, Stanley J.] USN, Mat Engn Div, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, 3181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM allheart@umd.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1063 EP 1073 DI 10.1177/0021998308090449 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 302JD UT WOS:000255963700002 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RN Markunas, J Pellegrino, J Almeida, LA Groenert, M Jaime-Vasquez, M Mahadik, N Andrews, C Qadri, SB AF Jacobs, R. N. Markunas, J. Pellegrino, J. Almeida, L. A. Groenert, M. Jaime-Vasquez, M. Mahadik, N. Andrews, C. Qadri, S. B. TI Role of thermal expansion matching in CdTe heteroepitaxy on highly lattice-mismatched substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE stresses; substrates; molecular beam epitaxy; cadmium compounds; semiconducting II-VI materials; infrared devices ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRITICAL THICKNESS; QUALITY; GROWTH; HGCDTE; SURFACE; LAYERS; SI AB We report on the significance of thermal expansion mismatch in the heteroepitaxial growth of CdTe on highly lattice-mismatched substrates. Such substrates including Si, Ge, or GaAs are desirable for CdTe buffer layer growth and subsequent deposition of HgCdTe infrared absorber layers. Besides lattice misfit, the thermal mismatch associated with these systems can produce additional strain and defects at low or elevated temperatures. However, little work has been done towards documenting and understanding these effects. Experimental evidence of thermal-expansion-dependent residual stress is presented for CdTe/Si(211), CdTe/Ge(211), and CdTe/GaAs(211) films based on X-ray diffraction studies. The experimental results are also compared with residual stress calculations based on known material properties. These results may play a vital role in the design and development of HgCdTe detectors for large-format, infrared focal plane arrays (FPA). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jacobs, R. N.; Markunas, J.; Pellegrino, J.; Almeida, L. A.; Groenert, M.; Jaime-Vasquez, M.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Mahadik, N.; Andrews, C.; Qadri, S. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, RN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM info@nvl.army.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 310 IS 12 BP 2960 EP 2965 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.02.029 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 317GA UT WOS:000257006800002 ER PT J AU Schmitt, P Shupp, R Swope, K Mayer, J AF Schmitt, Pamela Shupp, Robert Swope, Kurtis Mayer, Justin TI Pre-commitment and personality: Behavioral explanations in ultimatum games SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE ultimatum game; minimum acceptable offer; personality AB In a laboratory ultimatum bargaining experiment, responder behavior is more consistent with game-theoretic predictions when responders indicate a binding minimum acceptable offer (MAO) or when rejection penalizes a "hostage" third player. In general, female subjects indicated higher MAOs but had a much greater reaction than males to the presence of a third player. Offers increase in the presence of a binding MAO but are not affected by a third player. Behavior in our experiment is also generally consistent with hypotheses based on a popular personality test instrument. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmitt, Pamela; Swope, Kurtis; Mayer, Justin] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Shupp, Robert] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Swope, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pschmitt@usna.edu; shupprob@anr.msu.edu; swope@usna.edu RI Shupp, Robert/I-5635-2012 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2006.08.002 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 311VT UT WOS:000256629200009 ER PT J AU Boza, JJ Lear, WE Sherif, SA AF Boza, Joseph J. Lear, William E. Sherif, S. A. TI Performance of a novel semiclosed gas-turbine refrigeration combined cycle SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A thermodynamic performance analysis was performed on a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semiclosed gas turbine called the high-pressure regenerative turbine engine (HPRTE) with an absorption refrigeration unit. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration cycle, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration depending on ambient conditions. Two cases were considered: a small engine with a nominal power output of 100 kW and a large engine with a nominal power output of 40 MW. The cycle was modeled using traditional one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbomachinery and heat exchangers, and curve fits for properties of the LiBr-water mixture and the combustion products. The small engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 43% while producing 50% as much 5 degrees C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 50 tons) at 30 degrees C ambient conditions. The large engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 62% while producing 25% as much 5 degrees C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 20,000 tons) at 30 degrees C ambient conditions. Thermal efficiency stayed relatively constant with respect to ambient temperature for both the large and small engines. It decreased by only 3-4% as the ambient temperature was increased from 10 degrees C to 35 degrees C in each case. The amount of external refrigeration produced by the engine sharply decreased in both engines at around 35 degrees C, eventually reaching zero at roughly 45 degrees C in each case for 5 degrees C refrigeration. However, the evaporator temperature could be raised to 10 degrees C (or higher) to produce external refrigeration in ambient temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. C1 [Boza, Joseph J.] USN, Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Lear, William E.; Sherif, S. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sherif, SA (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM sasherif@ufl.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 022401 DI 10.1115/1.2906034 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 310SH UT WOS:000256550000006 ER PT J AU Begnudelli, L Sanders, BF Bradford, SF AF Begnudelli, Lorenzo Sanders, Brett F. Bradford, Scott F. TI Adaptive Godunov-based model for flood simulation SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SCANNING LASER ALTIMETRY; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; FINITE-VOLUME MODELS; STORAGE CELL MODELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INUNDATION; SCHEMES; FLOWS; TOPOGRAPHY; VEGETATION AB Godunov-based shallow-water models utilize a discontinuous reconstruction of data at cell faces even for smooth flow, which can cause energy dissipation and degrade accuracy. Analysis of discrete equations shows that jumps (and therefore error) can be minimized by adaptively selecting either primitive or conservative variables for slope limiting and reconstruction according to the local Froude number. Therefore, a Godunov-based model with an adaptive scheme of slope limiting and variable reconstruction is presented. Two practical flood modeling applications are used to compare the performance of the adaptive scheme against two nonadaptive schemes. In addition, performance of second-order accurate schemes is compared to first-order schemes that utilize a second-order accurate description of terrain. Results show that the first-order adaptive scheme possesses the best combination of robustness, efficiency, and accuracy of the models tested. C1 [Sanders, Brett F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Begnudelli, Lorenzo] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Bradford, Scott F.] USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanders, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bsanders@uci.edu RI Begnudelli, Lorenzo/D-2260-2009; Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2008 VL 134 IS 6 BP 714 EP 725 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:6(714) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 302LS UT WOS:000255970400004 ER PT J AU Zervaki, AD Haidemenopoulos, GN Lambrakos, SG AF Zervaki, A. D. Haidemenopoulos, G. N. Lambrakos, S. G. TI Analysis of heat affected zone in welded aluminum alloys using inverse and direct modeling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T'07) CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Detroit, MI DE aluminum; modeling processes; welding ID MICROSTRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; EVOLUTION AB The concept of constructing parameter spaces for process control and the prediction of properties within the heat affected zone (HAZ) of welds using inverse modeling is examined. These parameter spaces can be, in principle, either independent or a function of weld process conditions. The construction of these parameter spaces consists of two procedures. One procedure entails calculation of a parameterized set of temperature histories using inverse heat transfer analysis of the heat deposition occurring during welding. The other procedure entails correlating these temperature histories with either a specific process control parameter or physical property of the weld that is measurable. Two quantitative case study analyses based on inverse modeling are presented. One analysis examines the calculation of temperature histories as a function of process control parameters. For this case, the specific process control parameter adopted as prototypical is the electron beam focal point. Another analysis compares some general characteristics of inverse and direct modeling with respect to the prediction of properties of the HAZ for deep penetration welding of aluminum alloys. For this case, the specific property adopted as prototypical is hardness. This study provides a foundation for an examination of the feasibility of constructing a parameter space for the prediction of weld properties using weld cross-section measurements that are independent of weld process conditions. C1 [Zervaki, A. D.; Haidemenopoulos, G. N.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. [Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zervaki, AD (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. EM lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Haidemenopoulos, Gregory/C-6496-2014 OI Haidemenopoulos, Gregory/0000-0001-9071-0118 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9145-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 299HJ UT WOS:000255746400017 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Michopoulos, JG AF Lambrakos, S. G. Michopoulos, J. G. TI On a general parameterization for inverse analysis of heat deposition processes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T'07) CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Detroit, MI DE aluminum; joining; modeling processes; stainless steels; welding AB A general parameterization for inverse analysis of heat deposition processes using incomplete or minimal experimental data is presented. This parameterization is considered general in the sense that it can be applied, in principle, to the inverse analysis of a wide range of different types of heat deposition processes, including welding. The structure of this parameterization follows from the concepts of model and data spaces that imply the existence of an optimal parametric representation for a given class of inverse problems. Accordingly, the corresponding optimal parametric representation lies in the model space and is determined by the characteristics of the available data sets spanning the data space and the nature of the data sampling for purposes of parameter determination via appropriate optimization techniques. The elements of the proof presented here provide an elucidation of certain aspects of inverse heat-deposition analysis that are important for practical application. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.; Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9144-x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 299HJ UT WOS:000255746400018 ER PT J AU Baldwin, LC Chafin, AP Deschamps, JR Hawkins, SA Wright, ME Witker, DL Prokopuk, N AF Baldwin, Lawrence C. Chafin, Andrew P. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Hawkins, Samantha A. Wright, Michael E. Witker, David L. Prokopuk, Nicholas TI Poly(thiophenylanilino) and poly(furanylanilino) polymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOLE-TRANSPORT MATERIALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DEVICES; SUPERCAPACITORS; POLYFURAN; TRIPHENYLAMINE; POLYMERIZATION; TRIARYLAMINES; ACETONITRILE AB Novel hybrid polymers with thiophenylanilino and furanylanilino backbones and substituted phenyl side groups are reported. The new monomers bis-(4-heterocyclic-2-yl-phenyl)-aryl-amine (heterocyclic = thiophen with aryl = 4-benzoyl (2a), 4-nitro-phenyl (2b) and furan with aryl = 4-benzoyl-phenyl (3a), 4-nitro-phenyl (3b)) were prepared by monosubstituting triphenylamine under electrophilic aromatic conditions affording 4-nitrotriphenylamine and 4-benzoyltriphenylamine. Di(bromination) of the latter compounds followed by Stille cross-coupling reactions with 2-tributylstannylthiophene or 2-tributylstannylfuran produces the new monomers 2a-b and 3a-b in high yield. The monomers are electrochemically polymerized at relatively low potentials (< 0.8 V versus Ag(+)/AgCl) in acetonitrile electrolytes resulting in electroactive films. All the new polymers can be repeatedly oxidized and reduced with little loss of electrochemical activity. Vibrational spectroscopy reveals that the monomer units are connected predominately via coupling of the thiophenyl or furanyl rings yielding the novel polymers. Single-crystal molecular structure determinations of 4-nitrotriphenylamine and monomer 3b indicate the importance of the electron-withdrawing groups on the pendent phenyl groups in determining the extent of delocalization of the extended multi-ring systems. Molecular orbital calculations suggest that the HOMO of 2b is delocalized about both anilino and thiophenyl portions of the molecule. C1 [Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Chafin, Andrew P.; Hawkins, Samantha A.; Wright, Michael E.; Witker, David L.; Prokopuk, Nicholas] NAVAIR, Chem Branch, Div Res, Res & Sci Engn Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokopuk, N (reprint author), NAVAIR, Chem Branch, Div Res, Res & Sci Engn Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4182 EP 4191 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2598-x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 302ZY UT WOS:000256010100027 ER PT J AU Satter, E Tomita, S AF Satter, Elizabeth Tomita, Sandra TI A case report of an omphalopagus heteropagus (parasitic) twin SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE heteropagus twin; parasitic twin; conjoined twin ID CONJOINED TWINS; EPIGASTRIC HETEROPAGUS; EMBRYOLOGY; FETU AB Heteropagus twin refers to a type of conjoined twin in which an incomplete smaller (parasitic) twin is attached to and dependent upon an otherwise normal host twin. The majority of cases have complete or partial duplication of the pelvis and/or lower extremities. The case depicted herein is unusual in that only isolated case reports have described an attached amorphous mass without identifiable limbs. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomita, Sandra] USN, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Surg, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Satter, Elizabeth] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tomita, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Surg, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM sandra.tomita@tned.navy.mil OI , Sandra/0000-0002-5472-9361 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 AR E37 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.01.071 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 326CR UT WOS:000257636000011 PM 18558164 ER PT J AU Kaminski, K Paluch, M Wrzalik, R Ziolo, J Bogoslovov, R Roland, CM AF Kaminski, Kamil Paluch, Marian Wrzalik, R. Ziolo, Jerzy Bogoslovov, Radoslav Roland, C. Michael TI Pressure-induced polymerization of tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acrylates; crosslinking; degree of polymerization (DP); dielectric properties; molecular dynamics; polymerization; pressure; swelling ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY; CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALKYL-HALIDES; ETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX; TRANSFORMATIONS; BUTADIENE AB The polymerization and crosslinking of tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate were induced by high pressure. The product was analyzed by both swelling experiments and broadband dielectric spectroscopy to determine the structure, with IR measurements used to follow the extent of reaction and its temperature dependence. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kaminski, Kamil; Paluch, Marian; Wrzalik, R.; Ziolo, Jerzy] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Bogoslovov, Radoslav; Roland, C. Michael] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminski, K (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM kaminski@us.edu.pl RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3795 EP 3801 DI 10.1002/pola.22728 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 308KY UT WOS:000256390100044 ER PT J AU Noblesse, F Delhommeau, G Guilbaud, M Yang, C AF Noblesse, Francis Delhommeau, Gerard Guilbaud, Michel Yang, Chi TI The rise of water at a ship stem SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics (general); hydrodynamics (hull form) ID BOW WAVE AB The height of water at the stem of a ship hull-with a nonbulbous wedge-shaped bow-that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered using two distinct methods: (1) a theoretical-experimental approach in which elementary fundamental theoretical considerations (dimensional analysis and rudimentary asymptotic considerations in thin-ship, shallow-draft, and deep-draft limits) are used in conjunction with experimental measurements for simple hull forms and a rectangular flat plate towed at several yaw and heel angles; and (2) thin-ship theory, that is, a fully analytical approach. Both of these two methods yield simple expressions that define the rise of water at a ship stem explicitly-ab initio and without calculations-in terms of the ship speed, draft, and waterline entrance angle. The theoretical-experimental expression and the thin-ship expression are in good agreement except at low Froude numbers and are also in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. C1 [Noblesse, Francis] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Delhommeau, Gerard] Ecole Cent, CNRS, Lab Mecan Fluides, UMR 6598, Nantes, France. [Guilbaud, Michel] Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Lab Etud Aerodynam, UMR 6609, Poitiers, France. [Yang, Chi] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Noblesse, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 2 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 313LZ UT WOS:000256743400001 ER PT J AU Tashmukhambetov, AM Ioup, GE Ioup, JW Sidorovskaia, NA Newcomb, JJ AF Tashmukhambetov, Arslan M. Ioup, George E. Ioup, Juliette W. Sidorovskaia, Natalia A. Newcomb, Joal J. TI Three-dimensional seismic array characterization study: Experiment and modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual International Meeting of the SEG CY OCT 01-06, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP SEG ID WHALES PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; AIR-GUN; PULSE-PROPAGATION AB In the summer of 2003, the Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center conducted an acoustic characterization experiment for a 21-element marine seismic exploration airgun array of total volume of 0.0588 m(3) (3590 in.3). Two Environmental Acoustic Recording System buoys, one with a desensitized hydrophone, were deployed at a depth of 758 in in a water depth of 990 in, near Green's Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico. Shots over a grid were recorded and calibrated to produce absolute broadband (up to 25 kHz) pressure-time dependencies for a wide range of offsets and arrival angles in the water column. Experimental data are analyzed to obtain maximum received zero-to-peak pressure levels, maximum received sound exposure levels, and pressure levels in 1/3-octave frequency bands for each shot. Experimental data are quantitatively modeled by using an upgraded version of an underwater acoustic propagation model and seismic source modeling packages for a variety of ranges and arrival angles. Experimental and modeled data show good agreement in absolute pressure amplitudes and frequency interference patterns for frequencies up to 1000 Hz. The analysis is important for investigating the potential impact on marine mammals and fish and predicting the exposure levels for newly planned seismic surveys in other geographic areas. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Tashmukhambetov, Arslan M.; Ioup, George E.; Ioup, Juliette W.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Sidorovskaia, Natalia A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Newcomb, Joal J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Tashmukhambetov, AM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM nas@louisiana.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 6 BP 4094 EP 4108 DI 10.1121/1.2902185 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 313HE UT WOS:000256730900008 PM 18537361 ER PT J AU Kwan, JM Reese, AM Trafeli, JP AF Kwan, Julia M. Reese, Amy M. Trafeli, Jofm P. TI Delayed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in efalizumab-treated psoriasis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC PLAQUE PSORIASIS; THERAPY; MODERATE; TRIAL AB Efalizumab, a humanized anti-CD11a monoclonal antibody, has been shown to treat plaque psoriasis. A known association between this drug and autoimmune thrombocytopenia has already been established. More recently publicized, however, is efalizumab's ability to affect another cell line-that of the erythrocyte - and cause an autoimmune hemolytic anemia that typically occurs 4 to 6 months after initiating therapy. In this article, we report the case of a patient who developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia after 8 months of successful treatment with efalizumab). His delayed presentation suggests that monitoring of blood cell counts longer than 6 months may be warranted. C1 [Reese, Amy M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Med Hematol Oncol, San Diego, CA USA. [Trafeli, Jofm P.] USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kwan, JM (reprint author), Care Of Susana Hazelden, USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM juliak90275@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.01.021 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 303QO UT WOS:000256055800021 PM 18328597 ER PT J AU Crane, NJ McHone, B Hawksworth, J Pearl, JP Denobile, J Tadaki, D Pinto, PA Levin, IW Elster, EA AF Crane, Nicole J. McHone, Ben Hawksworth, Jason Pearl, Jonathan P. Denobile, John Tadaki, Doug Pinto, Peter A. Levin, Ira W. Elster, Eric A. TI Enhanced surgical imaging: Laparoscopic vessel identification and assessment of tissue oxygenation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID LIVE-DONOR NEPHRECTOMY; MULTIPLE RENAL-ARTERIES; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CORONARY-ANGIOGRAPHY; COLONIC PERFUSION; PATENCY CONTROL; PULSE OXIMETRY; GRAFT PATENCY; FREE FLAPS; SURGERY AB BACKGROUND: Inherent to minimally invasive procedures are loss of tactile feedback and loss of three-dimensional assessment. Tasks such as vessel identification and dissection are not trivial for the inexperienced laparoscopic surgeon. Advanced surgical imaging, such as 3-charge-coupled device (3-CCD) image enhancement, can be used to assist with these more challenging tasks and, in addition, offers a method to noninvasively monitor tissue oxygenation during operations. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, 3-CCD image enhancement is used for identification of vessels in 25 laparoscopic donor and partial nephrectomy patients. The algorithm is then applied to two laparoscopic nephrectomy patients involving multiple renal arteries. We also use the 3-CCD camera to qualitatively monitor renal parenchymal oxygenation during 10 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDNs). RESULTS: The mean region of interest (ROI) intensity Values obtained for the renal artery and vein (68.40 +/- 8.44 and 45.96 +/- 8.65, respectively) are used to calculate a threshold intensity value (59.00) that allows for objective vessel differentiation. In addition, we examined the renal parenchyma during LDNs. Mean ROI intensity values were calculated for the renal parenchyma at two distinct time points: before vessel stapling (nonischemic) and just before extraction from the abdomen (ischemic). The nonischemic mean ROI intensity values are statistically different from the ischemic mean ROI intensity values (p < 0.05), even with short ischemia times. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a technique, 3-CCD image enhancement, for identification of vasculature and monitoring of parenchymal oxygenation. This technique requires no additional laparoscopic operating room equipment and has real-time video capability. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Urol, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Uniformed Serv Univ, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Crane, NJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.elster@nied.navy.mil FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 SC006659-25] NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 206 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1166 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.01.013 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 310EO UT WOS:000256511900010 PM 18501814 ER PT J AU Hanna, BV Gorbach, AM Gage, FA Silva, JS Gilfillan, LG Elster, EA Kirk, AD AF Hanna, Barbara V. Gorbach, Alexander M. Gage, Frederic A. Silva, John S. Gilfillan, Lynne G. Elster, Eric A. Kirk, Allan D. TI Intraoperative assessment of critical biliary structures with visible range/infrared image fusion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID BILE-DUCT INJURIES; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; PREVENTION C1 USN, Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Vis Technol Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Dept Bioengn & Phys Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Urol Oncol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Silva Consulting Serv, Eldersburg, MD USA. Sarnoff Corp, Bioresttex Div, Arlington, VA USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Emory Transplant Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 206 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1231 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.10.012 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 310EO UT WOS:000256511900020 PM 18501824 ER PT J AU Judd, K Reynolds, CA Rosmond, TE Smith, LA AF Judd, Kevin Reynolds, Carolyn A. Rosmond, Thomas E. Smith, Leonard A. TI The geometry of model error SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NOISE-REDUCTION; INDISTINGUISHABLE STATES; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; PREDICTABILITY; DESCENT; GROWTH; PREDICTION AB This paper investigates the nature of model error in complex deterministic nonlinear systems such as weather forecasting models. Forecasting systems incorporate two components, a forecast model and a data assimilation method. The latter projects a collection of observations of reality into a model state. Key features of model error can be understood in terms of geometric properties of the data projection and a model attracting manifold. Model error can be resolved into two components: a projection error, which can be understood as the model's attractor being in the wrong location given the data projection, and direction error, which can be understood as the trajectories of the model moving in the wrong direction compared to the projection of reality into model space. This investigation introduces some new tools and concepts, including the shadowing filter, causal and noncausal shadow analyses, and various geometric diagnostics. Various properties of forecast errors and model errors are described with reference to low-dimensional systems, like Lorenz's equations; then, an operational weather forecasting system is shown to have the same predicted behavior. The concepts and tools introduced show promise for the diagnosis of model error and the improvement of ensemble forecasting systems. C1 [Judd, Kevin] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Rosmond, Thomas E.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Smith, Leonard A.] London Sch Econ, London WC2A 2AE, England. RP Judd, K (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Math & Stat M019, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM kevin@maths.uwa.edu.au RI Judd, Kevin/E-7690-2010; OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1749 EP 1772 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2327.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310OX UT WOS:000256540000002 ER PT J AU Diaz, JJ Bokhari, F Mowery, NT Acosta, JA Block, EFJ Bromberg, WJ Collier, BR Cullinane, DC Dwyer, KM Griffen, MM Mayberry, JC Jerome, R AF Diaz, Jose J., Jr. Bokhari, Faran Mowery, Nathan T. Acosta, Jose A. Block, Ernest F. J. Bromberg, William J. Collier, Bryan R. Cullinane, Daniel C. Dwyer, Kevin M. Griffen, Margaret M. Mayberry, John C. Jerome, Rebecca TI Guidelines for management of small bowel obstruction SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Review ID WATER-SOLUBLE CONTRAST; PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SMALL-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION; MULTIDETECTOR ROW CT; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HELICAL CT; FOLLOW-THROUGH; LAPAROSCOPIC ADHESIOLYSIS; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT C1 [Diaz, Jose J., Jr.; Mowery, Nathan T.; Collier, Bryan R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Jerome, Rebecca] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Eskind Biomed Lib, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Bokhari, Faran] John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Trauma, Chicago, IL USA. [Acosta, Jose A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Block, Ernest F. J.] Orlando Reg Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg Educ, Orlando, FL USA. [Bromberg, William J.] Mem Hlth Univ Med Ctr, Dept Trauma & Crit Care, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Cullinane, Daniel C.] Mayo Clin, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Rochester, MN USA. [Dwyer, Kevin M.] Inova Fairfax Hosp, Trauma Serv, Falls Church, VA USA. [Griffen, Margaret M.] SHANDS Jacksonville, Dept Surg Trauma & Crit Care, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Mayberry, John C.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Diaz, JJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, 404 Med Art Bldg,1211 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM jose.diaz@vanderbilt.edu OI Cullinane, Daniel/0000-0002-0414-1949 NR 123 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1651 EP 1664 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31816f709e PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 313MG UT WOS:000256744100043 PM 18545135 ER PT J AU Polsky, SA Ghee, TA AF Polsky, Susan A. Ghee, Terence A. TI Application and verification of internal boundary conditions for antenna mast wake predictions SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP EXA Corp, Scanivalve Corp, Dantec Dynam, Aiolos Engn Corp, LaVision, CRIEPI, Cobalt Solut LLC DE computational fluid dynamics; validation; wind tunnel; bluff body; ship airwake AB It has been shown through wind tunnel tests that "small" geometric features such as antennas and masts can influence the mean and turbulent wake signature behind large naval vessels. Modeling these geometric features using standard computational fluid dynamics techniques requires wrapping either structured or unstructured computational grids around these very complicated structures. This is a very costly approach for many reasons. As an alternative, internal boundary conditions have been developed with the intention of capturing at least the first-order effects of the presence of the masts and antennas. A test case using a generic naval vessel mast was developed. A wind tunnel model of the antenna mast geometry was created and hot-wire anemometry data were collected. The CFD predictions were shown to compare well with the wind tunnel data for the parameters of concern. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polsky, Susan A.; Ghee, Terence A.] NAVAIR, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Polsky, SA (reprint author), NAVAIR, Adv Aerodynam Branch, Bldg 2187,Suite 1320B, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM susan.polsky@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD JUN-JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 6-7 BP 817 EP 830 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 325LS UT WOS:000257591000010 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME Orr, RJ Levitt, RE AF Nissen, Mark E. Orr, Ryan J. Levitt, Raymond E. TI Streams of shared knowledge: computational expansion of knowledge-flow theory SO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH & PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE computational organization theory; knowledge-flow theory; knowledge management; organization studies; specialization; trans-specialist knowledge AB In this article, we investigate empirically the theoretical split between emphases upon specialist vs trans-specialist knowledge in the organization - or more generally between exploitation and exploration - a split that divides knowledge-flow theory at present, and hence represents an important issue for knowledge management (KM). We review the relevant literature, articulate hypotheses, and employ computational experimentation to test them empirically. Our findings provide novel, insightful understanding of the factors that contribute toward understanding the relative balance between specialist vs trans-specialist knowledge in particular, and exploitation vs exploration more generally. We offer three main contributions: (1) we critique extant theory relating to the substitutability of specialist and interspecialist knowledge; (2) we offer new conceptual insight and empirical evidence concerning substitutability of these knowledge types in the organization; and (3) we demonstrate the empirical power of computational experimentation to examine KM questions of both theoretical and practical interest. Knowledge Management Research & Practice (2008) 6, 124-140. doi:10.1057/kmrp.2008.1 C1 [Nissen, Mark E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Orr, Ryan J.; Levitt, Raymond E.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 200A, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM MNissen@nps.navy.mil OI Levitt, Raymond/0000-0001-8222-6967 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8238 J9 KNOWL MAN RES PRACT JI Knowl. Manag. Res. Pract. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 124 EP 140 DI 10.1057/kmrp.2008.1 PG 17 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA V13KK UT WOS:000207665500004 ER PT J AU Felt, SA Hussein, HI Helmy, IHM AF Felt, Stephen A. Hussein, Hussein I. Helmy, Ibrahim-Helmy Mohamed TI Biology, breeding, husbandry and diseases of the captive Egyptian fat-tailed jird (Pachyuromys duprasi natronensis) SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY REPRESENTATION; GERBIL; COCHLEA; RODENTS AB The fat-tailed jird, a small North African rodent with a distinctive club-shaped tail, is a convenient research subject and an emerging model for Old World Leishmaniasis. The authors present the natural history and biology of the Egyptian fat-tailed jird and provide guidelines for the breeding and husbandry of this species on the basis of their experience raising a colony from wild stock in Cairo, Egypt. They also discuss the diseases they encountered in wild and captive-bred jirds. C1 [Felt, Stephen A.; Hussein, Hussein I.; Helmy, Ibrahim-Helmy Mohamed] USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Felt, SA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Vet Serv Ctr, 287 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM felt@stanford.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1038/laban0608-256 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 313UP UT WOS:000256765800008 PM 18496544 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Stamper, DM Brizzolara, RA Barnes, L Deamer, N Burkholder, JM AF Holm, Eric R. Stamper, David M. Brizzolara, Robert A. Barnes, Laurie Deamer, Nora Burkholder, JoAnn M. TI Sonication of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton: Application to treatment of ballast water SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; ballast water treatment; bacteria; phytoplankton; zooplankton ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MIDOCEAN EXCHANGE; MARINE ORGANISMS; GLOBAL TRANSPORT; TREATMENT SYSTEM; ULTRASOUND; DEGRADATION; PRESSURE; PLANKTON; DIATOMS AB We investigated the effect of high power ultrasound, at a frequency of 19 kHz, on the survival of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton, in order to obtain estimates of effective exposure times and energy densities that could be applied to design of ultrasonic treatment systems for ballast water. Efficacy of ultrasonic treatment varied with the size of the test organism. Zooplankton required only 3-9 s of exposure time and 6-19 J/mL of ultrasonic energy to realize a 90% reduction in survival. In contrast, decimal reduction times for bacteria and phytoplankton ranged from I to 22 min, and decimal reduction energy densities from 31 to 1240 J/mL. Our results suggest that stand-alone ultrasonic treatment systems for ballast water, operating at 19 20 kHz, may be effective for planktonic organisms > 100 gm in size, but smaller planktonic organisms such as phytoplankton and bacteria will require treatment by an additional or alternative system. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holm, Eric R.; Stamper, David M.; Brizzolara, Robert A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Nonmet Mat Res & Engn Branch, Code 617,Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Barnes, Laurie; Deamer, Nora; Burkholder, JoAnn M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Nonmet Mat Res & Engn Branch, Code 617,Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM eric.holm@navy.mil NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 322LU UT WOS:000257377400031 PM 18343457 ER PT J AU Almond, N Kahwati, L Kinsinger, L Porterfield, D AF Almond, Nathaniel Kahwati, Leila Kinsinger, Linda Porterfield, Deborah TI The prevalence of overweight and obesity among US military veterans SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EATING-DISORDER BEHAVIORS; CONTRIBUTING FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-HEALTH; POPULATION; WEIGHT; BURDEN; ADULTS; NAVY; FACILITIES AB Overweight and obesity are increasingly contributing to disease burden among military populations. The purpose of this study was to calculate and examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the veteran population. Data were obtained from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Overweight (body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) prevalence in veterans was 73.3% (SE, 0.4%) for males and 53.6% (SE 1.7%) for females. Obesity (body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2)) prevalence in veterans was 25.3% (SE, 0.4%) for males and 21.2% (SE, 1.4%) for females. After adjusting for sociodemographics and health status, veterans were no more likely to be overweight (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.11) or obese (odds ratio 0.99; confidence interval, 0.93-1.05) than nonveterans. Despite previous participation in a culture and environment that selects for and enforces body weight standards, veterans have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity that is similar to general population estimates. C1 [Almond, Nathaniel] USN Stn San Diego, NEPMU 5, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. [Kahwati, Leila; Kinsinger, Linda] VA Natl Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent NCP, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Porterfield, Deborah] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Almond, N (reprint author), USN Stn San Diego, NEPMU 5, 3235 Albacore Alley, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 544 EP 549 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 313AQ UT WOS:000256713900007 PM 18595417 ER PT J AU Buff, AM Deshpande, SJ Harrington, TA Wofford, TS O'Hara, TW Carrigan, K Martin, NJ McDowell, JC Ijaz, K Jensen, PA Lambert, LA Moore, M Oeltmann, JE AF Buff, Ann M. Deshpande, Swati J. Harrington, Theresa A. Wofford, Taylor S. O'Hara, Timothy W. Carrigan, Kenichi Martin, Nicholas J. McDowell, Jackie C. Ijaz, Kashef Jensen, Paul A. Lambert, Lauren A. Moore, Marisa Oeltmann, John E. TI Investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission aboard the USS Ronald Reagan, 2006 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; CLOSED ENVIRONMENT; OUTBREAK; FLUOROQUINOLONES; DIAGNOSIS; TRAVEL; TRIAL; SHIP AB Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in a sailor aboard the U.S.S. Ronald Reagan; an investigation was conducted to determine a screening strategy for 1,172 civilian passengers who were aboard during a temporary guest rider program. Sailors were screened for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease. A case-control study was conducted among sailors to determine factors associated with new LTBI. No secondary TB disease was identified; 13% of close contacts had new LTBI. Factors associated with new LTBI among sailors were having been born outside the United States (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-5.07) and being a carrier air wing member (adjusted odds ratio = 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-4.58). Among 38 civilian passengers berthed near the patient, 1 (3%) had LTBI. The investigation results indicated that Mteriuycobacm tuberculosis transmission was minimal and eliminated unnecessary TB screening for 1,134 civilians which saved public health resources. C1 [Buff, Ann M.; Deshpande, Swati J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Buff, Ann M.; Harrington, Theresa A.; Ijaz, Kashef; Jensen, Paul A.; Lambert, Lauren A.; Moore, Marisa; Oeltmann, John E.] CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Deshpande, Swati J.; Moore, Marisa] Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [O'Hara, Timothy W.; Carrigan, Kenichi] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. [Martin, Nicholas J.] USN Hosp Lemoore, Lemoore, CA 93243 USA. [McDowell, Jackie C.] USN Air Stn N Isl, Branch Med Clin, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. RP Buff, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 6 BP 588 EP 593 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 313AQ UT WOS:000256713900014 PM 18595424 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Montgomery, MT Davies, HC AF Moore, Richard W. Montgomery, Michael T. Davies, Huw C. TI The integral role of a diabatic Rossby vortex in a heavy snowfall event SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID QE-II STORM; MOIST BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERE; LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; NUMERICAL PREDICTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; NORTH-AMERICA; CYCLONE; MODEL AB On 24-25 February 2005, a significant East Coast cyclone deposited from 4 to nearly 12 in. (similar to 10-30 cm) of snow on parts of the northeastern United States. The heaviest snowfall and most rapid deepening of the cyclone coincided with the favorable positioning of an upper-level, short-wave trough immediately upstream of a preexisting surface cyclone. The surface cyclone in question formed approximately 15 h before the heaviest snowfall along a coastal front in a region of frontogenesis and heavy precipitation. The incipient surface cyclone subsequently intensified as it moved to the northeast, consistently generating the strongest convection to the east-northeast of the low-level circulation center. The use of potential vorticity (PV) inversion techniques and a suite of mesoscale model simulations illustrates that the early intensification of the incipient surface cyclone was primarily driven by diabatic effects and was not critically dependent on the upper-level wave. These facts, taken in conjunction with the observed structure, energetics, and Lagrangian evolution of the incipient surface disturbance, identify it as a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV). The antecedent surface vorticity spinup associated with the DRV phase of development is found to be integral to the subsequent rapid growth. The qualitative similarity with a number of observed cases of explosive cyclogenesis leaves open the possibility that a DRV-like feature comprises the preexisting positive low-level PV anomaly in a number of cyclogenetic events that exhibit a two-stage evolution. C1 [Moore, Richard W.; Davies, Huw C.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM richard.moore@env.ethz.ch NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1897 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2257.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300004 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Cheung, KKW Hui, JSN Elsberry, RL AF Lee, Cheng-Shang Cheung, Kevin K. W. Hui, Jenny S. N. Elsberry, Russell L. TI Mesoscale features associated with tropical cyclone formations in the western North Pacific SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BETA-SCALE STRUCTURE; 1977 JOHNSTOWN FLOOD; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIURNAL-VARIATION; NWP SYSTEM; CYCLOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; GENESIS; VORTEX; MESOVORTICES AB The mesoscale features of 124 tropical cyclone formations in the western North Pacific Ocean during 1999-2004 are investigated through large-scale analyses, satellite infrared brightness temperature (TB), and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) oceanic wind data. Based on low-level wind flow and surge direction, the formation cases are classified into six synoptic patterns: easterly wave (EW), northeasterly flow (NE), coexistence of northeasterly and southwesterly flow (NE-SW), southwesterly flow (SW), monsoon confluence (MC), and monsoon shear (MS). Then the general convection characteristics and mesoscale convective system (MCS) activities associated with these formation cases are studied under this classification scheme. Convection processes in the EW cases are distinguished from the monsoon-related formations in that the convection is less deep and closer to the formation center. Five characteristic temporal evolutions of the deep convection are identified: (i) single convection event, (ii) two convection events, (iii) three convection events, (iv) gradual decrease in TB, and (v) fluctuating TB, or a slight increase in TB before formation. Although no dominant temporal evolution differentiates cases in the six synoptic patterns, evolutions ii and iii seem to be the common routes taken by the monsoon-related formations. The overall percentage of cases with MCS activity at multiple times is 63%, and in 35% of cases more than one MCS coexisted. Most of the MC and MS cases develop multiple MCSs that lead to several episodes of deep convection. These two patterns have the highest percentage of coexisting MCSs such that potential interaction between these systems may play a role in the formation process. The MCSs in the monsoon-related formations are distributed around the center, except in the NE-SW cases in which clustering of MCSs is found about 100-200 km east of the center during the 12 h before formation. On average only one MCS occurs during an EW formation, whereas the mean value is around two for the other monsoon-related patterns. Both the mean lifetime and time of first appearance of MCS in EW are much shorter than those developed in other synoptic patterns, which indicates that the overall formation evolution in the EW case is faster. Moreover, this MCS is most likely to be found within 100 km east of the center 12 h before formation. The implications of these results to internal mechanisms of tropical cyclone formation are discussed in light of other recent mesoscale studies. C1 [Lee, Cheng-Shang; Hui, Jenny S. N.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Cheung, Kevin K. W.] Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, Taipei, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM kcheupg@els.mq.edu.au OI Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2006 EP 2022 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2267.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300011 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Montgomery, MT AF Bell, Michael M. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Observed structure, evolution, and potential intensity of category 5 Hurricane Isabel (2003) from 12 to 14 September SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PART I; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INNER-CORE; SIMULATED HURRICANE; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; TURBULENT FLUXES AB Unprecedented observations of Hurricane Isabel (2003) at category 5 intensity were collected from 12 to 14 September. This study presents a detailed analysis of the inner-core structure, atmospheric boundary layer, sea surface temperature, and outflow layer of a superintense tropical cyclone using high-resolution in situ flight-level, NCAR GPS dropwindsonde, Doppler radar, and satellite measurements. The analysis of the dropwindsonde and in situ data includes a comprehensive discussion of the uncertainties associated with this observational dataset and provides an estimate of the storm-relative axisymmetric inner-core structure using Barnes objective analysis. An assessment of gradient and thermal wind balance in the inner core is also presented. The axisymmetric data composites presented in this study suggest that Isabel built a reservoir of high moist entropy air by sea-to-air latent heat flux inside the low-level eye that was utilized as an additional energy source to nearly maintain its extreme intensity even after crossing the cool wake of Hurricane Fabian. It is argued here that the combined mean and asymmetric eddy flux of high moist entropy air from the low-level eye into the eyewall represents an additional power source or "turbo boost" to the hurricane heat engine. Recent estimates of the ratio of sea-to-air enthalpy and momentum exchange at high wind speeds are used to suggest that Isabel utilized this extra power to exceed the previously assumed intensity upper bound for the given environmental conditions on all three days. This discrepancy between a priori potential intensity theory and observations may be as high as 35 m s(-1) on 13 September. C1 [Bell, Michael M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bell, Michael M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mbell@ucar.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X NR 74 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2023 EP 2046 DI 10.1175/2007MWR1858.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300012 ER PT J AU Amerault, C Zou, XL Doyle, J AF Amerault, Clark Zou, Xiaolei Doyle, James TI Tests of an adjoint mesoscale model with explicit moist physics on the cloud scale SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; CONVECTIVE STORM; PART II; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; CYCLONES; INITIALIZATION AB An adjoint modeling system based upon the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System's atmospheric component has been developed. The system includes the adjoint model of the explicit moist physics parameterization, which allows for gradients with respect to the initial hydrometeor concentrations to be calculated. This work focuses on the ability of the system to calculate evolved perturbations and gradients for the hydrometeor variables. Tests of the tangent linear and adjoint models for an idealized convective case at high model resolution (4-km horizontal grid spacing) are presented in this study. The tangent linear approximation is shown to be acceptable for all model variables (including the hydrometeors) with sizable perturbations for forecasts of 1 h. The adjoint model was utilized with the same convective case to demonstrate its applicability in four-dimensional variational data assimilation experiments. Identical twin experiments were conducted where the adjoint model produced gradients for all model variables, leading to improved analyses and forecasts. The best agreement between model forecasts and simulated observations occurred when information on all model variables was assimilated. In the case where only conventional data were assimilated, the agreement was not as good in the early forecast period. However, the hydrometeor values spun up quickly, and at later times, the forecast performed almost as well as when all data were assimilated. C1 [Amerault, Clark; Doyle, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Amerault, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM clark.amerault@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2120 EP 2132 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2259.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 320MN UT WOS:000257239300017 ER PT J AU Spanos, G Rowenhorst, DJ Lewis, AC Geltmacher, AB AF Spanos, G. Rowenhorst, D. J. Lewis, A. C. Geltmacher, A. B. TI Combining serial sectioning, EBSD analysis, and image-based finite element modeling SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; FIB-SEM; 3D EBSD; MORPHOLOGY; TEXTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; ALLOY; ASSOCIATION AB This article first provides a brief review of the status of the subfield of three-dimensional (3D) materials analyses that combine serial sectioning, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSID), and finite element modeling (FEM) of materials microstructures, with emphasis on initial investigations and how they led to the current state of this research area. The discussions focus on studies of the mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials where 3D reconstructions of the microstructure-including crystallographic orientation information-are used as input into image-based 3D FEM simulations. The authors' recent work on a P-stabilized Ti alloy is utilized for specific examples to illustrate the capabilities of these experimental and modeling techniques, the challenges and the solutions associated with these methods, and the types of results and analyses that can be obtained by the close integration of experiments and simulations. C1 [Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lewis, A. C.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM george.spanos@nrl.navy.mil; david.rowenorst@nrl.navy.mil; alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil; geltmacher@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1557/mrs2008.124 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 315GT UT WOS:000256867200012 ER PT J AU Malanoski, AP Lin, B Stenger, DA AF Malanoski, Anthony P. Lin, Baochuan Stenger, David A. TI A model of base-call resolution on broad-spectrum pathogen detection resequencing DNA microarrays SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; DESIGN; PROBES AB Oligonucleotide microarrays offer the potential to efficiently test for multiple organisms, an excellent feature for surveillance applications. Among these, resequencing microarrays are of particular interest, as they possess additional unique capabilities to track pathogens genetic variations and perform detailed discrimination of closely related organisms. However, this potential can only be realized if the costs of developing the detection microarray are kept at a manageable level. Selection and verification of the probes are key factors affecting microarray design costs that can be reduced through the development and use of in silico modeling. Models created for other types of microarrays do not meet all the required criteria for this type of microarray. We describe here in silico methods for designing resequencing microarrays targeted for multiple organism detection. The model development presented here has focused on accurate base-call prediction in regions that are applicable to resequencing microarrays designed for multiple organism detection, a variation from other uses of a predictive model in which perfect prediction of all hybridization events is necessary. The model will assist in simplifying the design of resequencing microarrays and in reduction of the time and costs required for their development for new applications. C1 [Malanoski, Anthony P.; Lin, Baochuan; Stenger, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malanoski, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.malanoski@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 10 BP 3194 EP 3201 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm1156 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 319SC UT WOS:000257183200004 PM 18413341 ER PT J AU Florea, C Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Florea, C. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Direct-write gratings in chalcogenide bulk glasses and fibers using a femtosecond laser SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenide glass and fibers; gratings; femtosecond laser processing ID RIB WAVE-GUIDES; BRAGG GRATINGS; RELIEF GRATINGS; AS2S3 GLASS; FABRICATION; IRRADIATION; PULSES AB We explored the possibility of using femtosecond laser pulses for fabricating gratings inside chalcogenide glasses. We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, gratings written inside bulk glasses and inside optical fibers using an 800 nm femtosecond laser. The fiber gratings are of great importance as they can be used as Bragg reflectors in the mid infrared region. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Florea, C.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Florea, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM cflorea@sfa.com NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1603 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2007.10.006 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 314PS UT WOS:000256821900023 ER PT J AU Terraciano, ML Bashkansky, M Fatemi, FK AF Terraciano, Matthew L. Bashkansky, Mark Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined in a dark optical trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLD ATOMS; LASER-BEAMS AB We demonstrate Faraday spectroscopy with a high duty cycle and sampling rate using atoms confined to a blue-detuned optical trap. Our trap consists of a crossed pair of high-charge-number hollow laser beams, which forms a dark, boxlike potential. We have used this to measure transient magnetic fields in a 500-mu m-diameter spot over a 400 ms time window with nearly unit duty cycle at a 500-Hz sampling rate. We use these measurements to quantify and compensate time-varying magnetic fields to approximate to 10 nT per time sample. C1 [Terraciano, Matthew L.; Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terraciano, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 063417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.063417 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 321EZ UT WOS:000257288800127 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Agassi, D Wong, E de Escobar, AL Irgmaier, K AF Oates, D. E. Agassi, D. Wong, E. de Escobar, A. Leese Irgmaier, K. TI Nonlinear Meissner effect in a high-temperature superconductor: Local versus nonlocal electrodynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; DEPENDENCE; YBCO; HTS AB Measured intermodulation distortion (IMD) power at 1.5 GHz in a series of YBa(2)Y(3)O(7-delta) stripline resonators of varying strip widths is compared to the predictions of two qualitatively distinct theories of the nonlinear Meissner effect. The stripline resonators are patterned from a single wafer to ensure uniformity of the material properties. According to the first theory [T. Dahm and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 60, 13125 (1999)], the IMD power is dominated by contributions from the strip edges, while according to the second theory [D. Agassi and D. E. Oates, Phys. Rev. B 72, 014538 (2005)] it is dominated by contributions from the body of the strip. The parameter-free comparison of the measured data with the theoretical predictions clearly favors the latter theory. We conclude that the nonlinear component of the penetration depth must be treated with nonlocal electrodynamics. The origins of this outcome are discussed briefly in the framework of a Green's-function approach. C1 [Oates, D. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Agassi, D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wong, E.; de Escobar, A. Leese] SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Irgmaier, K.] THEVA Dunnschichttech GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 21 AR 214521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.214521 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 321FA UT WOS:000257288900106 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Schwartz, IB AF Shaw, Leah B. Schwartz, Ira B. TI Fluctuating epidemics on adaptive networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; BIFURCATIONS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB A model for epidemics on an adaptive network is considered. Nodes follow a susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible pattern. Connections are rewired to break links from noninfected nodes to infected nodes and are reformed to connect to other noninfected nodes, as the nodes that are not infected try to avoid the infection. Monte Carlo simulation and numerical solution of a mean field model are employed. The introduction of rewiring affects both the network structure and the epidemic dynamics. Degree distributions are altered, and the average distance from a node to the nearest infective increases. The rewiring leads to regions of bistability where either an endemic or a disease-free steady state can exist. Fluctuations around the endemic state and the lifetime of the endemic state are considered. The fluctuations are found to exhibit power law behavior. C1 [Shaw, Leah B.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 32 TC 111 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 6 AR 066101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.066101 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 321EN UT WOS:000257287600008 PM 18643330 ER PT J AU Davis, J Petrov, GM AF Davis, J. Petrov, G. M. TI Angular distribution of neutrons from high-intensity laser-target interactions SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PROTONS; PULSE; DEUTERONS; EMISSION; CARBON AB The angular distribution of neutrons formed in nuclear fusion reactions of a high-energy deuteron beam with a deuterated polyethylene (CD(2)) was investigated with a Monte Carlo ion beam-target deposition model. The initial conditions were obtained from a two-dimensional particle-in-cell laser-target deposition model. The neutron yield and its angular distribution were studied as a function of peak laser intensity, laser pulse duration and primary target thickness. The proposed scheme for neutron production delivers a typical neutron yield of 10(-5) -10(-3) neutrons/ion and 10(5)-10(7) neutrons J(-1) laser energy. C1 [Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil; george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 6 AR 065016 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/50/6/065016 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 310QB UT WOS:000256544000017 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM AF Pecora, Louis M. TI Synchronization of oscillators in complex networks SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference and Workshop on Perspectives in Nonlinear Dyanmics CY JUL 16-27, 2007 CL Trieste, ITALY DE networks; synchronization; coupled oscillators ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; COUPLED OSCILLATORS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; STABILITY; MODEL; ARRAYS; CHAOS AB Theory of identical or complete synchronization of identical oscillators in arbitrary networks is introduced. In addition, several graph theory concepts and results that augment the synchronization theory and a tie in closely to random, semirandom, and regular networks are introduced. Combined theories are used to explore and compare three types of semirandom networks for their efficacy in synchronizing oscillators. It is shown that the simplest k-cycle augmented by a few random edges or links are the most efficient network that will guarantee good synchronization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pecora, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pecora@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1175 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s12043-008-0122-0 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 318SE UT WOS:000257111700022 ER PT J AU Harward, VJ Del Alamo, JA Lerman, SR Bailey, PH Carpenter, J DeLong, K Felknor, C Hardison, J Harrison, B Jabbour, I Long, PD Mao, TT Naamani, L Northridge, J Schulz, M Talavera, D Varadharajan, C Wang, SM Yehia, K Zbib, R Zych, D AF Harward, V. Judson Del Alamo, Jesus A. Lerman, Steven R. Bailey, Philip H. Carpenter, Joel DeLong, Kimberley Felknor, Chris Hardison, James Harrison, Bryant Jabbour, Imad Long, Phillip D. Mao, Tingting Naamani, Loai Northridge, Jedidiah Schulz, Mark Talavera, Daniel Varadharajan, Charuleka Wang, Shaomin Yehia, Karim Zbib, Rabih Zych, David TI The iLab shared architecture a web services infrastructure to build communinities of Internet accessible laboratories SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE educational technology; engineering education; Internet; laboratories AB The Massachusetts institute of Technology's iLab project has developed a distributed software toolkit and middleware service infrastructure to support Internet-accessible laboratories and promote their sharing among schools and universities on,a worldwide scale. The project starts with the assumption that the faculty teaching with online labs and the faculty or academic departments that provide those labs are acting in two roles with different goals and concerns. The iLab architecture focuses on fast platform-independent lab development, scalable access for students, and efficient management for lab providers while preserving the autonomy of the faculty actually teaching the students. over the past two years, the iLab architecture has been adopted by an increasing number of partner universities in Europe, Australia, Africa, Asia, and the United States. The iLab project has demonstrated that online laboratory use can scale to thousands of students dispersed on several continents. C1 [Harward, V. Judson; Bailey, Philip H.; DeLong, Kimberley; Felknor, Chris; Hardison, James; Harrison, Bryant; Varadharajan, Charuleka] MIT, Ctr Educ Comp Initiat, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Del Alamo, Jesus A.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Carpenter, Joel] Univ Queensland, Coorparoo, Qld 4151, Australia. [Jabbour, Imad; Wang, Shaomin] Oracle Inc, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. [Long, Phillip D.] MIT, Off Educ Innovat & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mao, Tingting] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Naamani, Loai] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Northridge, Jedidiah] ClearPoint Metr, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. [Schulz, Mark] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Talavera, Daniel] USN, Nucl Prop Program, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. [Yehia, Karim] Deutsch Bank, New York, NY 10011 USA. [Zbib, Rabih] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zych, David] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Harward, VJ (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Educ Comp Initiat, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jud@mit.edu; alamo@mit.edu; lerman@mit.edu; pbailey@mit.edu; J.carpenter@uq.edu.au; kirky@mit.edu; felknor@mit.edu; hardison@mit.edu; bryant_h@mit.edu; ijabbour@aium.mit.edu; longpd@mit.edu; tmao@mit.edu; loai@mit.edu; jedidiah@alum.mit.edu; m.schulz@uq.edu.au; calitalv@mit.edu; charuv@mit.edu; smwang@alum.mit.edu; kyehia@alum.mit.edu; rabih@mit.edu; dzych@mit.edu OI Schulz, Mark/0000-0003-1693-912X; del Alamo, Jesus/0000-0003-4003-7863 NR 32 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2008 VL 96 IS 6 BP 931 EP 950 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2008.921607 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 307HH UT WOS:000256309500004 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Winter, L Holdenried, ER De Cuyper, JP Rafferty, TJ Wycoff, GL AF Zacharias, N. Winter, L. Holdenried, E. R. De Cuyper, J. -P. Rafferty, T. J. Wycoff, G. L. TI The StarScan plate measuring machine: Overview and calibrations SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG AB The StarScan machine at the U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) completed measuring photographic astrograph plates to allow determination of proper motions for the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) program. All applicable 1940 AGK2 plates, about 2200 Hamburg Zone Astrograph plates, 900 Black Birch (USNO Twin Astrograph) plates, and 300 Lick Astrograph plates have been measured. StarScan comprises a CCD camera, a telecentric lens, an air-bearing granite table, stepper motor screws, and Heidenhain scales to operate in a step-stare mode. The repeatability of StarScan measures is about 0.2 mu m. The CCD mapping as well as the global table coordinate system has been calibrated using a special dot calibration plate and the overall accuracy of StarScan x, y data is derived to be 0.5 mu m. Application to real photographic plate data shows that position information of at least 0.65 mu m accuracy can be extracted from coarse-grain 103a-type emulsion astrometric plates. Transformations between " direct" and "reverse" measures of fine-grain emulsion plate measures are obtained on the 0.3 mu m level per well-exposed stellar image and coordinate, a level that is at the limit of the StarScan machine. C1 [Zacharias, N.; Winter, L.; Holdenried, E. R.; De Cuyper, J. -P.; Rafferty, T. J.; Wycoff, G. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Winter, L.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 868 BP 644 EP 654 DI 10.1086/589845 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 311CO UT WOS:000256577900006 ER PT J AU Biermann, R AF Biermann, Rafael TI Towards a theory of inter-organizational networking The Euro-Atlantic security institutions interacting SO REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS LA English DT Article DE Inter-organizational relations; Organizational theory; Social network theory; Institutionalism; Euro-Atlantic security institutions; Balkans; Crisis management AB This article combines inductive and deductive theory building to identify building blocks for a theory of inter-organizational networking, a phenomenon that has gained prominence in international relations, but is largely neglected by IR scholars. Organizational and network theory are identified as the major starting points for theory building. Hypotheses are generated from the network of Euro-Atlantic security institutions, which has become the most sophisticated network of its kind since the early 1990s. The article looks specifically at the genesis of dyadic inter-organizational relations and of entire networks, at the relevance of networking for policy output and at the system effects that networks have on individual organizations. The theoretical findings are presented so as to allow a transfer to other geographical and functional areas of networking. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Biermann, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rbierman@nps.edu NR 91 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-7431 J9 REV INT ORGAN JI Rev. Int. Organ. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 151 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s11558-007-9027-9 PG 27 WC Economics; International Relations; Political Science SC Business & Economics; International Relations; Government & Law GA V15IA UT WOS:000207794500003 ER PT J AU Gabarro, C Font, J Miller, J Camps, A Burrage, D Wesson, J Piola, AR AF Gabarro, Carolina Font, Jordi Miller, Jerry Camps, Adriano Burrage, Derek Wesson, Joe Piola, Alberto R. TI The use of a semi-empirical emissivity model for a rough estimation of sea surface salinity from an airborne microwave radiometer SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; radiometry; SMOS; salinity measurements; oceanographic campaigns ID FIELD EXPERIMENTS; RETRIEVAL; MISSION; SPACE AB In preparation for the European Space Agency SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite mission, radiometric and oceanographic measurements were performed in December 2000 and January 2001 and in November 2001 from a fixed platform in the NW Mediterranean to improve the modelling of the sea surface emissivity at L-band and new semi-empirical models were derived. Now one of these models has been used to retrieve sea surface salinity from L-band radiometric data acquired with a different instrument and different location. These data were acquired in August 2003 over the continental shelf within the influence of the Rio de la Plata, from Argentina to Brazil, southern Atlantic ocean with the STARRS airborne radiometer. Results show that the radiometer is capable of realistically detecting natural variations in surface salinity even though the model was derived in very different oceanographic conditions and from data collected by a different instrument. C1 [Gabarro, Carolina; Font, Jordi] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, Spain. [Miller, Jerry] Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Burrage, Derek; Wesson, Joe] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Piola, Alberto R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Serv Hidrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Gabarro, C (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Pg Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain. EM cgabarro@icm.csic.es RI Font, Jordi/E-5355-2013; Camps, Adriano/D-2592-2011; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013; Gabarro, Carolina/N-3526-2014 OI Font, Jordi/0000-0003-2590-1457; Camps, Adriano/0000-0002-9514-4992; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926; NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 327MC UT WOS:000257732200012 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Howell, PB Markowitz, MA Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, Paul T. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Markowitz, Michael A. Deschamps, Jeff R. Kusterbeck, Anne W. TI TNT displacement immunoassay with integrated microfluidic micromixer components SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TNT; sensor; microchannel; immunoassay; PMMA ID FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; BIOSENSOR; MIXER; WATER; RDX AB A displacement immunosensor for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using inline integrated microfluidic mixer grooves is demonstrated. The key components of the microfluidic mixer are chevrons and stripes, layered in opposite directions on the top and bottom of the microchannel, to create a turbulent mixing of biomolecules as they migrate through the channel. This mixing phenomenon generates advection patterns that provide increased antibody-antigen interaction resulting in enhanced immunoassay sensitivity. Displacement immunoassays for TNT demonstrated femto-mole detection levels (50 nanograms/liter). Combining sol-gel based chemistry, a microchannel-based immunosensor milled in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the unique features of a grooved surface offers the potential for a field-portable, ruggedized sensor. C1 [Charles, Paul T.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Markowitz, Michael A.; Deschamps, Jeff R.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.charles@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENSOR LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1166/sl.2008.061 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 328IW UT WOS:000257793100009 ER PT J AU Archer, MJ Ligler, FS AF Archer, Marie J. Ligler, Frances S. TI Fabrication and characterization of silicon micro-funnels and tapered micro-channels for stochastic sensing applications SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE stochastic sensing; silicon; anisotropic etching ID CONICAL NANOPORE MEMBRANES; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; ARRAYS; DNA; MICROFLUIDICS; CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULES; SURFACES; DESIGN AB We present a simplified, highly reproducible process to fabricate arrays of tapered silicon micro-funnels and micro-channels using a single lithographic step with a silicon oxide (SiO2) hard mask on at a wafer scale. Two approaches were used for the fabrication. The first one involves a single wet anisotropic etch step in concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the second one is a combined approach comprising Deep Reactive Ion Etch (DRIE) followed by wet anisotropic etching. The etching is performed through a 500 m m thick silicon wafer, and the resulting structures are characterized by sharp tapered ends with a sub-micron cross-sectional area at the tip. We discuss the influence of various parameters involved in the fabrication such as the size and thickness variability of the substrate, dry and wet anisotropic etching conditions, the etchant composition, temperature, diffusion and micro-masking effects, the quality of the hard mask in the uniformity and reproducibility of the structures, and the importance of a complete removal of debris and precipitates. The presence of apertures at the tip of the structures is corroborated through current voltage measurements and by the translocation of DNA through the apertures. The relevance of the results obtained in this report is discussed in terms of the potential use of these structures for stochastic sensing. C1 [Archer, Marie J.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Archer, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marie.archer@nrl.navy.mil; frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 3848 EP 3872 DI 10.3390/s8063848 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 320QA UT WOS:000257248900019 PM 27879912 ER PT J AU Thompson, KE Willson, CS White, CD Nyman, SL Bhattacharya, JP Reed, AH AF Thompson, Karsten E. Willson, Clinton S. White, Christopher D. Nyman, Stephanie L. Bhattacharya, Janok P. Reed, Allen H. TI Application of a new grain-based reconstruction algorithm to microtomography images for quantitative characterization and flow modeling SO SPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 09-12, 2005 CL Dallas, TX SP Soc Petr Engineers ID RAY COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY; UNCONSOLIDATED POROUS-MEDIA; TOMOGRAPHIC-IMAGES; NETWORK MODELS; PACKED-BEDS; PORE; PERMEABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERATION; PACKING AB X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) is used for high-resolution, nondestructive imaging and has been applied successfully to geologic media. Despite the potential of XMT to aid in formation evaluation, currently it is used mostly as a research tool. One factor preventing more widespread application of XMT technology is limited accessibility to microtomography beamlines. Another factor is that computational tools for quantitative image analysis have not kept pace with the imaging technology itself. In this paper, we present a new grain-based algorithm used for network generation. The algorithm differs from other approaches because it uses the granular structure of the material as a template for creating the pore network rather than operating on the voxel set directly. With this algorithm, several advantages emerge: the algorithm is significantly faster computationally, less dependent on image resolution, and the network structure is tied to the fundamental granular structure of the material. In this paper, we present extensive validation of the algorithm using computer-generated packings. These analyses provide guidance on issues such as accuracy and voxel resolution. The algorithm is applied to two sandstone samples taken from different facies of the Frontier Formation in Wyoming, USA, and imaged using synchrotron XMT. Morphologic and flow-modeling results are presented. C1 [Willson, Clinton S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nyman, Stephanie L.] Univ Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Bhattacharya, Janok P.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Reed, Allen H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [White, Christopher D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Thompson, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Willson, Clinton/D-6571-2011 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1086-055X J9 SPE J JI SPE J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 164 EP 176 PG 13 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 326WB UT WOS:000257688700004 ER PT J AU Karakos, D Khudanpur, S Marchette, DJ Papamarcou, A Priebe, CE AF Karakos, Damianos Khudanpur, Sanjeev Marchette, David J. Papamarcou, Adrian Priebe, Carey E. TI On the minimization of concave information functionals for unsupervised classification via decision trees SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A popular method for unsupervised classification of high-dimensional data via decision trees is characterized as minimizing the empirical estimate of a concave information functional. It is shown that minimization of such functionals under the true distributions leads to perfect classification. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Priebe, Carey E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Karakos, Damianos; Khudanpur, Sanjeev] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Language & Speech Proc, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Karakos, Damianos; Khudanpur, Sanjeev] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Marchette, David J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Papamarcou, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM damianos@jhu.edu; khudanpur@jhu.edu; david.marchette@navy.mil; adrian@eng.umd.edu; cep@jhu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 8 BP 975 EP 984 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2007.09.058 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 313LX UT WOS:000256743200005 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Energy-level alignment in the adsorption of phosphonyl reagents on gamma-Al2O3 SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ab-initio quantum chemical methods and calculations; chemisorption; surface structure; aluminum oxide; organic molecules ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT SIMULATIONS; NONSPINEL STRUCTURAL MODELS; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; AL2O3 THIN-FILM; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; AB-INITIO; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BAND-GAP; OXIDE; DFT AB Density functional theory is applied to the computation of the adsorption energy (Delta E-ads) for a series of molecules on gamma-Al2O3. Three different cluster models are used to represent the gamma-Al2O3 surface. The molecules of interest all contain a phosphonyl (P=O) functional group and adsorb via formation of a donor bond between the O atom and a threefold-coordinated tetrahedral Al [Al(T-d)] surface site. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the free molecule is, in all cases, composed largely of non-bonding orbitals on the O atom of the P=O group. The empty "dangling orbital" on the coordinatively-unsaturated Al(T-d) site constitutes a surface state. A linear relationship is found between Delta E-ads, and the difference between the orbital energies of the molecular HOMO (epsilon(H)) and the surface state (epsilon(S)). Trends in Delta E-ads, for different molecules can then be understood in terms of variations in epsilon(H). Likewise, differences in Delta E-ads, for various cluster models can be explained by considering the differences in the predicted epsilon(S) values. A further evaluation of the cluster models is presented by comparing results for the physisorption of H2O or CO with those obtained from two-dimensionally-periodic slab models. When differences in epsilon(H) and epsilon(S) are accounted for, the various models and computational procedures are seen to yield essentially equivalent results for adsorption of the molecules considered. These results are thought to constitute a useful conceptual tool for rationalizing Delta E-ads values for different molecules and cluster models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 11 BP 1938 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2008.03.036 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 316WK UT WOS:000256980200005 ER PT J AU Van den Brink, R Borm, P Hendrickx, R Owen, G AF Van den Brink, Rene Borm, Peter Hendrickx, Ruud Owen, Guillermo TI Characterizations of the beta- and the degree network power measure SO THEORY AND DECISION LA English DT Article DE symmetric networks; network power; beta-measure; degree measure; stationary power distribution ID DIGRAPH COMPETITIONS; EXCHANGE NETWORKS AB A symmetric network consists of a set of positions and a set of bilateral links between these positions. For every symmetric network we define a cooperative transferable utility game that measures the "power" of each coalition of positions in the network. Applying the Shapley value to this game yields a network power measure, the P-measure, which reflects the power of the individual positions in the network. Applying this power distribution method iteratively yields a limit distribution, which turns out to be proportional to the well-known degree measure. We compare the P-measure and degree measure by providing characterizations, which differ only in the normalization that is used. C1 [Van den Brink, Rene] Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Econometr, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Van den Brink, Rene] Free Univ Amsterdam, Tinbergen Inst, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Borm, Peter; Hendrickx, Ruud] Tilburg Univ, Ctr & Dept Econometr & Operat Res, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. [Owen, Guillermo] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Van den Brink, R (reprint author), Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Econometr, Boelelaan 1105, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM jrbrink@feweb.vu.nl OI van den Brink, Rene/0000-0001-8570-3706 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-5833 J9 THEOR DECIS JI Theory Decis. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 519 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s11238-007-9077-8 PG 18 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 305CM UT WOS:000256155400004 ER PT J AU Kramer, ML Schmitt, MN AF Kramer, Michael L. Schmitt, Michael N. TI Lawyers on horseback? Thoughts on judge advocates and civil-military relations SO UCLA LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WAR AB Uniformed lawyers-judge advocates-are uniquely situated at the heart of the American civil-military relationship. A recent article published in this law review argued that this placement has hindered military operations and disrupted civilian control over the military; left unaddressed, it will negatively affect the nation's ability to fight and win future wars. This Essay takes issue with such assertions. In fact, judge advocates foster appropriate civil-military relations. They participate in the development and application of policy in a manner that enhances civilian control over military affairs. Moreover, judge advocates are singularly well-placed to ensure that civilian leadership preferences are fully understood and followed by the military on the battlefield. The Essay concludes by forcefully rejecting any suggestion that judge advocates pose an obstacle to operational success, charging that those who make such claims reveal their lack of operational experience. C1 [Kramer, Michael L.; Schmitt, Michael N.] USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Schmitt, Michael N.] George C Marshall European Ctr Secur Studies, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Kramer, ML (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PI LOS ANGELES PA SCH LAW 405 HILGARD AVE, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA SN 0041-5650 J9 UCLA LAW REV JI UCLA Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1436 PG 30 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 326ZL UT WOS:000257698200005 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Cook, J Xu, Q Harasti, PR AF Zhao, Qingyun Cook, John Xu, Qin Harasti, Paul R. TI Improving short-term storm predictions by assimilating both radar radial-wind and reflectivity observations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; SIMPLE ADJOINT METHOD; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; VELOCITY RETRIEVAL; MICROBURST WINDS; SYSTEM; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION AB A high-resolution data assimilation system is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The objective of this development is to assimilate high-resolution data, especially those from Doppler radars, into the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System to improve the model's capability and accuracy in short-term ( 0-6 h) prediction of hazardous weather for nowcasting. A variational approach is used in this system to assimilate the radar observations into the model. The system is upgraded in this study with new capabilities to assimilate not only the radar radial-wind data but also reflectivity data. Two storm cases are selected to test the upgraded system and to study the impact of radar data assimilation on model forecasts. Results from the data assimilation experiments show significant improvements in storm prediction especially when both radar radial-wind and reflectivity observations are assimilated and the analysis incremental fields are adequately constrained by the model's dynamics and properly adjusted to satisfy the model's thermodynamical balance. C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Cook, John] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Harasti, Paul R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 45 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007038.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600004 ER PT J AU Hong, SY Choi, J Chang, EC Park, H Kim, YJ AF Hong, Song-You Choi, Jung Chang, Eun-Chul Park, Hoon Kim, Young-Joon TI Lower-tropospheric enhancement of gravity wave drag in a global spectral atmospheric forecast model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; PARAMETRIZATION; REPRESENTATION; INTERPOLATION; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB The impacts of enhanced lower-tropospheric gravity wave drag induced by subgrid-scale orography on short- and medium-range forecasts as well as seasonal simulations are examined. This study reports on the enhanced performance of the scheme proposed by Kim and Arakawa, which has been used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ( NCEP) Global Spectral Model since 1997. The performance is evaluated against a traditional upper-level drag scheme that is also available in the model. The experiment results reveal that the Kim-Arakawa scheme improves the movement and intensity of an extratropical cyclone and a continental high pressure system that was accompanied by heavy snowfall over Korea on 14-15 February 2001. The monthly verification for medium-range forecasts in December 2006, which are initialized by the NCEP operational analysis, demonstrates overall improvements in the forecasts of large-scale fields in the Northern Hemisphere. Moderate improvements are also found in the seasonal simulation of December-February for the years 1996/ 97, 1997/98, and 1999/2000. This study concludes that the enhanced lower-level drag should be properly parameterized in global atmospheric models for numerical weather prediction and seasonal prediction. C1 [Hong, Song-You; Choi, Jung; Chang, Eun-Chul; Park, Hoon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Young-Joon] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM shong@yonsei.ac.kr RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012; Choi, Jung/N-9973-2013 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2007030.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319RD UT WOS:000257180600012 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Reid, JS Westphal, DL Baker, NL Hyer, EJ AF Zhang, Jianglong Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Baker, Nancy L. Hyer, Edward J. TI A system for operational aerosol optical depth data assimilation over global oceans SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODEL; FORECAST MODEL; RETRIEVALS; DEPOSITION; METHODOLOGY; RADIANCES; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; PRODUCT; SULFUR AB In this study, we present an aerosol data assimilation system destined for operational use at the Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC). The system is an aerosol physics version of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) that is already operational. The purpose of this new system, NAVDAS-Aerosol Optical Depth (NAVDAS-AOD) is to improve the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS)'s forecasting capability by assimilating observational data sources with NAAPS forecast fields. This will allow for not only improved aerosol forecasting but also for dramatically enhanced global scale research capabilities for the study of aerosol-meteorology interaction. NAVDAS-AOD assimilates a newly developed over-water Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) level 3 aerosol product with NAAPS. This paper is the second in a series which describes NRL's program to realistically monitor global aerosol distributions. Here we explain the reasons and procedures for constructing the over-water level 3 MODIS aerosol product, describe the theoretical basis for NAVDAS-AOD, and provide a thorough statistical error analysis for both the MODIS observations and the NAAPS model background fields that are critical to aerosol data assimilation. Using 5 months of analysis, our study shows that by carefully screening over-water satellite observations to ensure only the best quality data are used in the aerosol assimilation process, the NAVDAS-AOD can significantly improve the NAAPS global aerosol optical depth analysis as well as improve the aerosol forecast skill. C1 [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Zhang, Jianglong; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Baker, Nancy L.; Hyer, Edward J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4749 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 NR 38 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 31 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D10 AR D10208 DI 10.1029/2007JD009065 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307ZW UT WOS:000256359100001 ER PT J AU Dagg, M Sato, R Liu, HB Bianchi, TS Green, R Powell, R AF Dagg, Michael Sato, Riki Liu, Hongbin Bianchi, Thomas S. Green, Rebecca Powell, Rodney TI Microbial food web contributions to bottom water hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE larvaceans; microbial food web; hypoxia; northern Gulf of Mexico; outwelling ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OIKOPLEURA-DIOICA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PEARL RIVERS; WIND STRESS; CARBON; APPENDICULARIANS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Nutrients from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya Rivers greatly stimulate biological production in the 'classical' food web on the inner shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Portions of this production, especially large diatoms and zooplankton fecal pellets, sink and decompose in the bottom water, consuming oxygen and contributing to the annual development of an extensive zone of bottom water hypoxia, typically > 15,000 km(2) since 1993. The microbial food web is also active in the Mississippi River plume, but consists of small organisms that sink slowly. This 'recycling' food web has not been considered as a significant contributor to vertical flux and hypoxia. However, gelatinous zooplankton, especially pelagic appendicularians such as Oikopleura dioica, mediate the conversion of microbial web organisms to organic particles with high sinking rates. When pelagic appendicularians are abundant in coastal regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico, they stimulate the rapid vertical transfer of microbial web productivity in the surface layer, which is only 5-15 m thick in the coastal hypoxic region, to the sub-pycnocline layer that becomes hypoxic each summer. In this paper we present results from two studies examining the significance of this pathway. In both 2002 and 2004, we observed high production rates of appendicularians in coastal waters. Discarded gelatinous houses and fecal pellets from the appendicularian populations often provided more than 1 g m(-2) d(-1) of organic carbon for the establishment and maintenance of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This source of organic matter flux is especially important in regions far from the river plumes and during periods of low river discharge. Autotrophic elements of this food web are primarily supported by recycled inorganic nutrients originating in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) supporting the heterotrophic components of this microbial food web may include in situ production, the Mississippi/Atchafalaya Rivers, and Louisiana's coastal wetlands. If significant, the latter source provides a possible link between Louisiana's high rates of coastal land loss and the large hypoxic zone observed along the coast during summer. Both of the latter DOM sources are independent of phytoplankton production stimulated by inputs of riverine inorganic nutrients. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dagg, Michael; Sato, Riki; Liu, Hongbin; Powell, Rodney] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Bianchi, Thomas S.] Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Green, Rebecca] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Optic Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dagg, M (reprint author), Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. EM mdagg@lumcon.edu OI Powell, Rodney/0000-0001-5729-5557 NR 70 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.013 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KB UT WOS:000257017600003 ER PT J AU Cuk, T Struzhkin, VV Devereaux, TP Goncharov, AF Kendziora, CA Eisaki, H Mao, HK Shen, ZX AF Cuk, T. Struzhkin, V. V. Devereaux, T. P. Goncharov, A. F. Kendziora, C. A. Eisaki, H. Mao, H. -K. Shen, Z. -X. TI Uncovering a pressure-tuned electronic transition in Bi(1.98)Sr(2.06)Y(0.68)Cu(2)O(8+delta) using Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LA2-XSRXCUO4; PHONON; TC; SPECTRA; PLANE; CUO2 AB We report pressure-tuned Raman and x-ray diffraction data of Bi(1.98)Sr(2.06)Y(0.68)Cu(2)O(8+delta) revealing a critical pressure at 21 GPa with anomalies in electronic Raman background, electron-phonon coupling lambda, spectral weight transfer, density dependent behavior of phonons and magnons, and a compressibility change in the c axis. For the first time in a cuprate, mobile charge carriers, lattice, and magnetism all show anomalies at a distinct critical pressure in the same experimental setting. Furthermore, the spectral changes suggest that the critical pressure at 21 GPa is related to the critical point at optimal doping. C1 [Cuk, T.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cuk, T.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cuk, T.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Struzhkin, V. V.; Goncharov, A. F.; Mao, H. -K.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Devereaux, T. P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Kendziora, C. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Eisaki, H.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Cuk, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 21 AR 217003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.217003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 311FG UT WOS:000256585500042 PM 18518627 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Ting, A AF Kaganovich, D. Gordon, D. F. Ting, A. TI Observation of large-angle quasimonoenergetic electrons from a laser wakefield SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ACCELERATION; BEAMS AB A relativistically intense laser pulse is focused into a helium jet and quasimonoenergetic electrons emitted at a 40 degrees angle with respect to the laser axis are observed. The average electron energy is between 1 and 2 MeV and the total accelerated charge is about 1 nC emitted in a 10 degrees cone angle. Three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reproduce key features of the experimental results and show that the interaction between ionization heating and nonlinear cavitation wakefields is responsible for the acceleration. C1 [Kaganovich, D.; Gordon, D. F.; Ting, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. EM Dmitri@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 21 AR 215002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.215002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 311FG UT WOS:000256585500027 PM 18518612 ER PT J AU Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Chafin, Andrew P. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. TI A pattern for increasing the first hyperpolarizability of a push-pull polyene dye as indicated from DFT calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; QUANTUM LIMITS; MOLECULES; POLYMETHINEIMINE; CHROMOPHORES; DESIGN AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on a polyene dye scaffold, keeping the end groups and bridge length the same but varying the pattern of electron-donating (D) and electron-withdrawing (W) substituents along the polyene bridge. The basic pattern that increased the first hyperpolarizability was to place W substituents on even-numbered (e) methine carbons, and D substituents on odd-numbered (o) methines (called the {eWoD} pattern). The numbering scheme used herein for the dye scaffold has the #1 methine at the W-terminus of the dye. The {eWoD} pattern polarizes the 7 bonds along the polyene in the opposite direction that the termini of the dye polarize the dye. By placing cyano and fluorine groups in the 1 eWoD) pattern along the polyene, a sixfold higher first hyperpolarizability was predicted compared to placing them in the opposite substitution pattern ({JoWeD}). A superimposed but weaker gradient pattern was also observed. C1 [Chafin, Andrew P.; Lindsay, Geoffrey A.] USN, NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, AP (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Michelson Lab, MS 6303,1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.chafin@navy.mil; geoffrey.lindsay@navy.mil NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 21 BP 7829 EP 7835 DI 10.1021/jp711265v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 304HF UT WOS:000256099900005 ER PT J AU Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Chafin, Andrew P. Lindsay, Geoffrey A. TI Dipolar alignment in an electric field: Effect of lattice arrangement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ACENTRIC ORDER; CHROMOPHORES; ELECTROOPTICS; DENDRIMERS AB Monte Carlo calculations were carried out to elucidate the dependence of dipolar alignment in a strong electric poling field on the choice of lattice. It has been found that the lattice that provides the best alignment for a prolate-shaped chromophore is an offset tetragonal lattice (same as face-centered tetragonal), whereas the lowest-energy lattice is a non-offset tetragonal (primitive tetragonal) lattice arrangement. C1 [Chafin, Andrew P.; Lindsay, Geoffrey A.] USN, NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Michelson Lab,Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, AP (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR, NAWCWD, Michelson Lab,Chem Branch, MS 6303,1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.chafin@navy.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 21 BP 7836 EP 7840 DI 10.1021/jp7113048 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 304HF UT WOS:000256099900006 ER PT J AU Stanica, P Maitra, S AF Stanica, Pantelimon Maitra, Subhamoy TI Rotation symmetric Boolean functions - Count and cryptographic properties SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE rotation symmetric Boolean functions; enumeration; correlation immunity; resiliency; algebraic degree; nonlinearity; autocorrelation ID HOMOGENEOUS BENT FUNCTIONS; CORRELATION-IMMUNITY AB Rotation symmetric (RotS) Boolean functions have been used as components of different cryptosystems. This class of Boolean functions are invariant under circular translation of indices. Using Burnside's lemma it can be seen that the number of n-variable rotation symmetric Boolean functions is 2(gn), where g(n) = (t/n)Sigma(t\n) phi(t)2(n/t), and phi(.) is the Euler phi-function, In this paper, we find the number of short and long cycles of elements in F-2(n) having fixed weight, under the RotS action. As a consequence we obtain the number of homogeneous RotS functions having algebraic degree w. Our results make the search space of RotS functions much reduced and we successfully analyzed important cryptographic properties of such functions by executing computer programs. We study RotS bent functions up to 10 variables and observe (experimentally) that there is no homogeneous rotation symmetric bent function having degree > 2. Further, we studied the RotS functions on 5, 6, 7 variables by computer search for correlation immunity and propagation characteristics and found some functions with very good cryptographic properties which were not known earlier. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, GSEAS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Maitra, Subhamoy] Indian Stat Inst, Appl Stat Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. RP Stanica, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, GSEAS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pstanica@nps.edu; subho@isical.ac.in RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 NR 17 TC 37 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X EI 1872-6771 J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1580 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2007.04.029 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 328ZO UT WOS:000257836900001 ER PT J AU Dahli, K Faridi, S Traves, W AF Dahli, Kia Faridi, Sara Traves, Will TI The reconstruction conjecture and edge ideals SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE reconstruction conjecture; edge ideals; Hilbert function; graded Betti number ID GRAPHS AB Given a simple graph G on n vertices, we prove that it is possible to reconstruct several algebraic properties of the edge ideal from the deck of G, that is, from the collection of subgraphs obtained by removing a vertex from G. These properties include the Krull dimension, the Hilbert function, and all the graded Betti numbers beta(i,j) where j < n. We also state many further questions that arise from our study. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dahli, Kia; Faridi, Sara] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Traves, Will] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dahli, K (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM dalili@mathstat.dal.ca; faridi@mathstat.dal.ca; traves@usna.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD MAY 28 PY 2008 VL 308 IS 10 BP 2002 EP 2010 DI 10.1016/j.disc.2007.04.044 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 285XC UT WOS:000254808500024 ER PT J AU Chenet, SM Branch, OH Escalante, AA Lucas, CM Bacon, DJ AF Chenet, Stella M. Branch, OraLee H. Escalante, Ananias A. Lucas, Carmen M. Bacon, David J. TI Genetic diversity of vaccine candidate antigens in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Amazon basin of Peru SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CELL EPITOPE POLYMORPHISMS; BAY COHORT PROJECT; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA VACCINE; NATURAL-SELECTION; ALLELIC VARIATION; SOUTHERN VIETNAM; AMA-1 AB Background: Several of the intended Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate antigens are highly polymorphic and could render a vaccine ineffective if their antigenic sites were not represented in the vaccine. In this study, characterization of genetic variability was performed in major B and T-cell epitopes within vaccine candidate antigens in isolates of P. falciparum from Peru. Methods: DNA sequencing analysis was completed on 139 isolates of P. falciparum collected from endemic areas of the Amazon basin in Loreto, Peru from years 1998 to 2006. Genetic diversity was determined in immunological important regions in circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1), liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) and thrombospondin-related anonymous protein ( TRAP). Alleles identified by DNA sequencing were aligned with the vaccine strain 3D7 and DNA polymorphism analysis and FST study-year pairwise comparisons were done using the DnaSP software. Multilocus analysis (MLA) was performed and average of expected heterozygosity was calculated for each loci and haplotype over time. Results: Three different alleles for CSP, seven for MSP-1 Block 2, one for MSP-1 Block 17, three for AMA-1 and for LSA-1 each and one for TRAP were identified. There were 24 different haplotypes in 125 infections with complete locus typing for each gene. Conclusion: Characterization of the genetic diversity in Plasmodium isolates from the Amazon Region of Peru showed that P. falciparum T and B cell epitopes in these antigens have polymorphisms more similar to India than to Africa. These findings are helpful in the formulation of a vaccine considering restricted repertoire populations. C1 [Chenet, Stella M.; Lucas, Carmen M.; Bacon, David J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, Lima, Peru. [Branch, OraLee H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Bacon, David J.] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, Lima, Peru. EM stella.chenet@med.navy.mil; obranch@uab.edu; Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu; carmen.lucas@med.navy.mil; david.bacon@med.navy.mil FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW008064]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI064831] NR 53 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAY 27 PY 2008 VL 7 AR 93 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-93 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 319KT UT WOS:000257163200001 PM 18505558 ER PT J AU Maximenko, SI Freitas, JA Mittereder, JA Rowland, LB Kim, J AF Maximenko, Serguei I. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Mittereder, Jeffrey A. Rowland, Larry B. Kim, Jihyun TI Defects limiting performance of devices fabricated on GaN/metal heterostructure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EMISSION; CRYSTAL TITANIUM CARBIDE; GAN LAYERS; LUMINESCENCE; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; THICK AB Ni Schottky barrier contacts were processed to characterize quality and suitability of GaN films grown on (111) face of titanium carbide metallic substrates for vertical device application. We found that defects such as voids (pores) in the GaN film strongly influence the optical and electrical properties of the epitaxial layers. Micro-Raman studies showed that these voids have a high concentration of free carriers. Schottky barrier contacts placed on the regions with high defect density are characterized by high leakage current. Barrier height of Schottky contacts containing smaller number of defects were typically around 0.72 eV. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Maximenko, Serguei I.; Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Mittereder, Jeffrey A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rowland, Larry B.] Aymont Technol Inc, New York, NY 12020 USA. [Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM maximenko@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI maximenko, serguei/A-7068-2009; Rowland, Larry/C-4487-2008; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 21 AR 212104 DI 10.1063/1.2936995 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 307FI UT WOS:000256303500031 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Krall, J AF Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Krall, J. TI Three-dimensional equatorial spread F modeling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUBBLES; IONOSPHERE; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; FIELD AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a new three-dimensional code to study equatorial spread F (ESF). The code is based on the comprehensive NRL 3D ionosphere model SAMI3 and includes a potential equation to self-consistently solve for the electric field. The model assumes equipotential field lines so a 2D electrodynamic problem is considered. In this study a narrow wedge of the post-sunset ionosphere is simulated. It is found that (1) bubbles can rise to similar to 1600 km, (2) extremely steep ion density gradients can develop in both longitude and latitude, (3) upward plasma velocities approach 1 km/s, and (4) the growth time of the instability is similar or equal to 15 min. These results are shown to be consistent with radar and satellite observations. C1 [Huba, J. D.; Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 AR L10102 DI 10.1029/2008GL033509 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 304VS UT WOS:000256137800002 ER PT J AU Hite, JK Allums, KK Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Frazier, RM Dwivedi, R Wilkins, R Zavada, JM AF Hite, J. K. Allums, K. K. Thaler, G. T. Abernathy, C. R. Pearton, S. J. Frazier, R. M. Dwivedi, R. Wilkins, R. Zavada, J. M. TI Effects of proton irradiation on the magnetic properties of GaGdN and GaCrN SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SPIN-ELECTRONICS; GAN; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPACE AB GaGdN and GaCrN films grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy were irradiated with high energy (10 and 40 MeV) protons at a fluence of 5 x 109 cm(-2) to examine the effect on magnetization. This dose is equivalent to the exposure expected in 10 years in low-earth orbit space missions. Both photoluminescence intensity and magnetization of the films showed significant decreases with irradiation. The largest response was observed with GaGdN, which experienced a 50-60% loss in band edge luminescence and 11-83% loss in magnetic saturation. After annealing the irradiated samples at 500 degrees C under a nitrogen plasma ambient, both types of films experienced a complete recovery in magnetic properties. The fact that the introduction of point defects did not increase the magnetization is evidence against unpaired bonds from defects in the film being responsible for the magnetic properties in the films. C1 [Hite, J. K.; Allums, K. K.; Thaler, G. T.; Abernathy, C. R.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Frazier, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zavada, J. M.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dwivedi, R.; Wilkins, R.] Prairie View AM Univ, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 055005 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/5/055005 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 308YM UT WOS:000256426800001 ER PT J AU Newton, R Schlosser, P Martinson, DG Maslowski, W AF Newton, Robert Schlosser, Peter Martinson, Douglas G. Maslowski, Wieslaw TI Freshwater distribution in the Arctic Ocean: Simulation with a high-resolution model and model-data comparison SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BUOYANT COASTAL DISCHARGES; MACKENZIE SHELF ESTUARY; SEA-ICE; FRAM STRAIT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER RUNOFF; OSCILLATION; DRIVEN AB A high-resolution numerical simulation of the Arctic Ocean is analyzed in order to study the fate of river runoff and freshwater fluxes in the Arctic Ocean. The model is driven by realistic winds and thermodynamic forcing from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Reanalysis data set. Dye tracers have been added to visualize the pathways followed by low-salinity water from the major Arctic rivers and Bering Strait Inflow. The model is spun up using repeated forcing with the 1979 annual cycle for 20 years; then the 1979 through 1998 atmospheric forcing is applied. Under the influence of the 1979 through early 1980s winds, a large plume of river runoff exits the broad Eurasian shelf seas along the Lomonosov Ridge. Starting in about 1985, the locus of shelf-to-basin transport shifts eastward to the Alpha-Mendeleyev ridge complex. This shift in the model output is related to changes in the sea-surface height (SSH) fields, which we attribute primarily to shifts in surface wind stresses. Model resolution, runoff inputs, and relaxation terms in the Lena River delta region are analyzed in detail to expose issues with model performance at boundaries with freshwater inflow. Suggestions are made for improving future simulations of river runoff in basin-scale models. C1 [Newton, Robert; Schlosser, Peter; Martinson, Douglas G.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Maslowski, Wieslaw] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM bnewton@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C5 AR C05024 DI 10.1029/2007JC004111 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 304WN UT WOS:000256139900001 ER PT J AU Chen, R Yang, FQ Okazaki, K Imam, MA Feng, CR Pao, P AF Chen, Rong Yang, Fuqian Okazaki, Kenji Imam, M. Ashraf Feng, C. R. Pao, Peter TI Indentation of titanium processed by equal channel angular pressing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICRO-INDENTATION; PURE TI; EXTRUSION; MICROINDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM AB Commercially pure titanium rods were processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to obtain an ultrafine-grained microstructure. The titanium rods were extruded for 2 passes at 623 K, using three different bending angles of 90 degrees, 120 degrees and 150 degrees. For the bending angle of 90 degrees, the titanium rods were extruded for 4 and 8 passes in addition to 2 passes. The microstructure of the ECAP-processed titanium was evaluated using the TEM technique. The bending angle had a strong effect on the grain refinement, while the number of pressing passes did not have a noteworthy effect on the evolution of the microstructure. Microindentations were conducted with the indentation load in the range 100-2000 mN. The indentation hardness decreased slightly with the increase in the indentation load. The titanium processed by the die with a bending angle of 90 degrees had the highest indentation hardness. The energy ratio of the plastic energy to the total energy was found to be proportional to the ratio of the residual indentation depth to the maximum indentation depth. C1 [Chen, Rong; Yang, Fuqian; Okazaki, Kenji] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Imam, M. Ashraf; Feng, C. R.; Pao, Peter] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, R (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM fyang0@engr.uky.edu RI Chen, Rong/A-7074-2012 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 AR 105407 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/10/105407 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295ZP UT WOS:000255513600067 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Hudson, LT Holland, GE Henins, A AF Seely, John F. Hudson, Lawrence T. Holland, Glenn E. Henins, Albert TI Enhanced x-ray resolving power achieved behind the focal circles of Cauchois spectrometers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION; LASER; SPECTROGRAPHY; TRANSMISSION; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB Maintaining high resolving power is a primary challenge in hard x-ray spectroscopy of newly developed bright and transient x-ray sources such as laser-produced plasmas. To address this challenge, the line widths in x-ray spectra with energies in the 17 keV to 70 keV range were recorded by positioning the detectors on and behind the focal circles of Cauchois type transmission-crystal spectrometers. To analyze and understand the observed line widths, we developed a geometrical model that accounts for source broadening and various instrumental broadening mechanisms. The x-ray sources were laboratory Mo or W electron-bombarded anodes, and the spectra were recorded on photostimulable phosphor image plates. For these relatively small x-ray sources, it was found that when the detector was placed on or near the focal circle, the line widths were dominated by the effective spatial resolution of the detector. When the detector was positioned beyond the focal circle, the line widths were determined primarily by source-size broadening. Moreover, the separation between the spectral lines increased with distance behind the focal circle faster than the line widths, resulting in increased resolving power with distance. Contributions to line broadenings caused by the crystal thickness, crystal rocking curve width, geometrical aberrations, and natural widths of the x-ray transitions were in all cases smaller than detector and source broadening, but were significant for some spectrometer geometries. The various contributions to the line widths, calculated using simple analytical expressions, were in good agreement with the measured line widths for a variety of spectrometer and source conditions. These modeling and experimental results enable the design of hard x-ray spectrometers that are optimized for high resolving power and for the measurement of the x-ray source size from the line widths recorded behind the focal circle. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; Henins, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2767 EP 2778 DI 10.1364/AO.47.002767 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 312SQ UT WOS:000256691500004 PM 18493282 ER PT J AU Verbiest, JPW Bailes, M van Straten, W Hobbs, GB Edwards, RT Manchester, RN Bhat, NDR Sarkissian, JM Jacoby, BA Kulkarni, SR AF Verbiest, J. P. W. Bailes, M. van Straten, W. Hobbs, G. B. Edwards, R. T. Manchester, R. N. Bhat, N. D. R. Sarkissian, J. M. Jacoby, B. A. Kulkarni, S. R. TI Precision timing of PSR J0437-4715: An accurate pulsar distance, a high pulsar mass, and a limit on the variation of Newton's gravitational constant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR J0437-4715); stars : distances; stars : neutron ID RADIO ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY; BINARY MILLISECOND PULSAR; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; PROPER MOTION; ACCELERATION; CONSTRAINTS; PSR-1913+16; J0437-4715; PARALLAX; PACKAGE AB Analysis of 10 years of high-precision timing data on the millisecond pulsar PSR J0437-4715 has resulted in a model-independent kinematic distance based on an apparent orbital period derivative, (P)over dot(b), determined at the 1.5% level of precision (D-k = 157.0 +/- 2.4 pc), making it one of the most accurate stellar distance estimates published to date. The discrepancy between this measurement and a previously published parallax distance estimate is attributed to errors in the DE200 solar system ephemerides. The precise measurement of (P)over dot(b) allows a limit on the variation of Newton's gravitational constant, vertical bar(G)over dot/G vertical bar <= 23 x 10(-12) yr(-1). We also constrain any anomalous acceleration along the line of sight to the pulsar to vertical bar a(circle dot)/c vertical bar <= 1.5 x 10(-18) s(-1) at 95% confidence, and derive a pulsar mass, m(psr) = 1.76 +/- 0.20 M-circle dot, one of the highest estimates so far obtained. C1 [Verbiest, J. P. W.; Bailes, M.; van Straten, W.; Bhat, N. D. R.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Verbiest, J. P. W.; Hobbs, G. B.; Edwards, R. T.; Manchester, R. N.; Sarkissian, J. M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Jacoby, B. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kulkarni, S. R.] CALTECH, Robinson Lab, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Verbiest, JPW (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RI Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; OI van Straten, Willem/0000-0003-2519-7375 NR 36 TC 148 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1086/529576 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600049 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Landi, E. Doschek, G. A. TI Line intensity ratios in the EIS range sensitive to electron densities in 10(7) K plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; SOLAR-B SATELLITE; EMISSION MEASURE; ATOMIC DATA; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; FLARES; IONS; TEMPERATURE AB Electron density variations during the rise, maximum, and decay phases of flaring plasmas at T similar or equal to 10 MK are important quantities to be used to test flare models. To date, electron density values measured in solar flares are, with few exceptions, only lower limits. With the launch of the EUV Imaging Spectrometer ( EIS) on Hinode, it has become possible for the first time to measure electron densities and their time evolution during flares. In this paper we discuss electron density diagnostics in the 10(10)-10(13) cm(-3) range by means of intensity ratios of lines emitted by Ti, Cr, and Mn ions within the Hinode/EIS wavelength range. C1 [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 843 EP 847 DI 10.1086/587483 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600063 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD Finke, JD AF Boettcher, Markus Dermer, Charles D. Finke, Justin D. TI The hard VHE gamma-ray emission in high-redshift TeV blazars: Comptonization of cosmic microwave background radiation in an extended jet? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (1ES 1101-232); galaxies : active; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; RELATIVISTIC JETS; LAC OBJECTS; QUASAR JETS; SPECTRA; CONSTRAINTS; ENERGY; LIGHT; ACCELERATION; VARIABILITY AB Observations of very-high-energy (VHE; E > 250 GeV) gamma-ray emission from several blazars at z > 0.1 have placed stringent constraints on the elusive spectrum and intensity of the intergalactic infrared background radiation (IIBR). Correcting the observed VHE spectrum for gamma gamma absorption, even by the lowest plausible level of the IIBR, provides evidence for a very hard (photon spectral index Gamma(ph) < 2) intrinsic source spectrum out to TeV energies. Such a hard VHE gamma-ray spectrum poses a serious challenge to the conventional synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) interpretation of the VHE emission of TeV blazars and suggests the emergence of a separate emission component beyond a few hundred GeV. Here we propose that such a very hard, slowly variable VHE emission component in TeV blazars may be produced via Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons by shock-accelerated electrons in an extended jet. For the case of 1ES 1101-232, this component could dominate the bolometric luminosity of the extended jet if the magnetic fields are of the order of typical intergalactic magnetic fields (B similar to 10 mu G) and if electrons are still being accelerated out to TeV energies (gamma >= 4 x 10(6)) on kiloparsec scales along the jet. C1 [Boettcher, Markus] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Dermer, Charles D.; Finke, Justin D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger 339, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM boettchm@ohio.edu NR 40 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/588780 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800003 ER PT J AU Benavides, LC Holmes, JP Gates, JD Carmichael, MG Hueman, MT Mittendorf, EA von Hofe, E Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Benavides, L. C. Holmes, J. P. Gates, J. D. Carmichael, M. G. Hueman, M. T. Mittendorf, E. A. von Hofe, E. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Results of the first phase I clinical trial of the novel Ii-key hybrid preventive HER2/neu peptide (AE37) vaccine: United States Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-03 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Antigen Express Inc, Worcester, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 15 SU S MA 3016 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V25CZ UT WOS:000208457400770 ER PT J AU Carmichael, MG Peoples, GE Benevides, LC Gates, JD Patil, R Amin, A Jama, YH Craig, D Ponniah, S Holmes, JP AF Carmichael, M. G. Peoples, G. E. Benevides, L. C. Gates, J. D. Patil, R. Amin, A. Jama, Y. H. Craig, D. Ponniah, S. Holmes, J. P. TI Increased incidence of HLA-DR3+individuals amongst HER2/neu expressing breast cancer patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Windber Med Ctr, Windber, PA USA. Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 15 SU S MA 22215 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V25CZ UT WOS:000208457404085 ER PT J AU Gates, JD Benavides, LC Carmichael, MG Holmes, JP Hueman, MT Mittendorf, EA McLeod, DG Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Gates, J. D. Benavides, L. C. Carmichael, M. G. Holmes, J. P. Hueman, M. T. Mittendorf, E. A. McLeod, D. G. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Long-term follow-up assessment of a HER-2/neu peptide (E75) vaccine for the prevention of recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Canc Vaccine Dev Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 15 SU S MA 3067 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V25CZ UT WOS:000208457400743 ER PT J AU Fried, A Walega, JG Olson, JR Crawford, JH Chen, G Weibring, P Richter, D Roller, C Tittel, FK Heikes, BG Snow, JA Shen, HW O'Sullivan, DW Porter, M Fuelberg, H Halland, J Millet, DB AF Fried, Alan Walega, James G. Olson, Jennifer R. Crawford, Jim H. Chen, Gao Weibring, Petter Richter, Dirk Roller, Chad Tittel, Frank K. Heikes, Brian G. Snow, Julie A. Shen, Haiwei O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Porter, Michael Fuelberg, Henry Halland, Jeremy Millet, Dylan B. TI Formaldehyde over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign: Methods, observed distributions, and measurement-model comparisons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; AMBIENT FORMALDEHYDE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; NASHVILLE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HYDROPEROXIDES; PERFORMANCE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) was operated on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the summer INTEX-NA study to acquire ambient formaldehyde (CH2O) measurements over North America and the North Atlantic Ocean from similar to 0.2 km to similar to 12.5 km altitude spanning 17 science flights. Measurements of CH2O in the boundary layer and upper troposphere over the southeastern United States were anomalously low compared to studies in other years, and this was attributed to the record low temperatures over this region during the summer of 2004. Formaldehyde is primarily formed over the southeast from isoprene, and isoprene emissions are strongly temperature-dependent. Despite this effect, the median upper tropospheric (UT) CH2O mixing ratio of 159 pptv from the TDLAS over continental North America is about a factor of 4 times higher than the median UT value of 40 pptv observed over remote regions during TRACE-P. These observations together with the higher variability observed in this study all point to the fact that continental CH2O levels in the upper troposphere were significantly perturbed during the summer of 2004 relative to more typical background levels in the upper troposphere over more remote regions. The TDLAS measurements discussed in this paper are employed together with box model results in the companion paper by Fried et al. to further examine enhanced CH2O distributions in the upper troposphere due to convection. Measurements of CH2O on the DC-8 were also acquired by a coil enzyme fluorometric system and compared with measurements from the TDLAS system. C1 [Fried, Alan; Walega, James G.; Weibring, Petter; Richter, Dirk; Roller, Chad] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Olson, Jennifer R.; Crawford, Jim H.; Chen, Gao] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Roller, Chad] Ekips Technol Inc, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tittel, Frank K.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Heikes, Brian G.; Shen, Haiwei] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Snow, Julie A.] Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Porter, Michael; Fuelberg, Henry; Halland, Jeremy] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Millet, Dylan B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D10 AR D10302 DI 10.1029/2007JD009185 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304VV UT WOS:000256138100004 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Dorgan, JR Roland, CM AF Mott, P. H. Dorgan, J. R. Roland, C. M. TI The bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio of "incompressible" materials SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE ELASTIC-MODULI; POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; DYNAMIC COMPRESSIBILITY; BUTADIENE RUBBER; FREE VOLUME; FRICTION AB Poisson's ratio, v, is a fundamental parameter characterizing the mechanical behavior of a material. Because the ratio of the bulk to the shear modulus, B/G, becomes infinite when v = 1/2, it is often assumed that the bulk modulus becomes very large as a material approaches "incompressibility." This is incorrect; experimental results for viscoelastic materials show that changes in the bulk modulus are actually negligible as v approaches 1/2. An analysis is performed to clarify the apparent conflict between the classic elastic equations and the experiments. At v = 1/2, the bulk modulus is shown to exhibit a singularity, but this is irrelevant to real materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mott, P. H.; Dorgan, J. R.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dorgan, J. R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.mott@nrl.navy.mil; jdorgan@mines.edu; mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 312 IS 4-5 BP 572 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.01.026 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 290QJ UT WOS:000255137000003 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Marzocca, P Milanese, A AF Nichols, J. M. Marzocca, P. Milanese, A. TI On the use of the auto-bispectral density for detecting quadratic nonlinearity in structural systems SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Higher-order spectra appear often in the analysis and identification of nonlinear systems. The auto-bispectral density is one example of a higher-order spectrum and may be used in the analysis of stationary structural response data to detect the presence of certain types of structural nonlinearities. In this work a closed-form expression for the auto-bispectral density, derived previously by the authors, is used to find the bispectral frequency most sensitive to the nonlinearity. The properties of nonlinearity detectors based on estimates of the magnitude of the auto-bispectral density at this frequency are then explored. Estimates of the auto-bispectral density are obtained using the direct method based on the discrete Fourier transform. The bias associated with this estimator is derived here and combined with previously derived expressions for the estimator variance to give both Type-I and Type-II errors for the detector. Detector performance is quantified using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve illustrating the trade-off between false positives (Type-I error) and power of detection (1.0-Type-II error). Theoretically derived ROC curves are compared to those obtained via numerical simulation and show excellent agreement. Results are presented for different levels of nonlinearity in both the stiffness and damping terms for a spring-mass system. Possible consequences are discussed with regard to the detection of damage-induced nonlinearities in structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marzocca, P.; Milanese, A.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 312 IS 4-5 BP 726 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.11.032 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 290QJ UT WOS:000255137000012 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, Clifford M. TI Anisotropy of electromagnetically induced left-handedness in atomic three-level media based upon bianisotropic polarizabilities and tensor character SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; VAPOR AB A three-level atomic system, configured as either a gaseous medium or a solid state material, with a driving field establishing a Rabi frequency of control, is tested by a probe field. The medium has bianisotropic microscopic polarizability and magnetizability, from which the permittivity and permeability tensors are derived. Non-isotropy and polarization dependence for left-handedness (negative index of refraction) is demonstrated through examination of tensor components in the detuning frequency spectrum. These results have important implications for use in optical or electronic devices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 19 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 21 BP 3926 EP 3933 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.02.067 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 309MF UT WOS:000256463800035 ER PT J AU Cramer, JA Kramer, KE Johnson, KJ Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Cramer, Jeffrey A. Kramer, Kirsten E. Johnson, Kevin J. Morris, Robert E. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI Automated wavelength selection for spectroscopic fuel models by symmetrically contracting repeated unmoving window partial least squares SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE partial least squares (PLS); wavelength selection; fuel analysis; near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; AVIATION JET FUEL; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REGRESSION; PLS AB The need for automated quality surveillance of liquid hydrocarbon fuels has driven the development of rapid fuel property modeling from spectroscopic sensordata. The correlation of near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopic data with jet and diesel fuel properties can be improved by the deliberate selection of continuous wavelength sub-ranges. An automatic wavelength selection strategy would allow for the unsupervised construction of partial least squares (PLS) regression models of increased predictive utility when supervised model construction and maintenance is not feasible. Changeable size moving window partial least squares (CSMWPLS) is one of the most thorough operations suited for this task. Unfortunately, the necessarily large number of PLS model constructions required by an automated version of this procedure limits the evaluation of the predictive ability of the resulting models through full cross-validation results. Presented here is a novel restricted version of the CSMWPLS algorithm in which the initial spectral range selection is accomplished through multiple interval PLS (iPLS) analyses, where analysis windows for the refinement step no longer move, and size changes are limited to a series of symmetric attenuations. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can provide significant PLS model improvements during the course of a fully automated analysis of jet and diesel fuel spectra in less time than an automated CSMWPLS algorithm. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cramer, Jeffrey A.; Kramer, Kirsten E.; Johnson, Kevin J.; Morris, Robert E.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2007.11.007 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 315HR UT WOS:000256869800002 ER PT J AU Kramer, KE Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Kramer, Kirsten E. Morris, Robert E. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI Comparison of two multiplicative signal correction strategies for calibration transfer without standards SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuel; JP-5; JP-8; PLS; chemometrics; preprocessing; near infrared spectroscopy; NIR ID LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; SCATTER-CORRECTION; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; MODELS; IMPROVEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; REGRESSION AB Two multiplicative signal correction (MSC) algorithms are compared for the standardization of data from two near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. Absorbance spectra were measured from 1000-2200 nm for a set of 45 jet fuel samples. Data from one instrument were standardized to match data from a second instrument using windowed MSC (W-MSC) and moving window MSC (MW-MSC). For W-MSC user-defined windows were selected and for MW-MSC the window size was optimized based on a two-step procedure: 1) assigning a cut off window to avoid over-processing and 2) selection of a specific window size based on sample leverage. For reproducibility studies performed over time on a single instrument, data extending through the last day of the study (63 days outside the calibration) required no preprocessing except a peak alignment correction on day 58. For analysis between the two instruments, successful results were obtained using a sub-region of the data from 1000-1700 nm processed by MW-MSC using a 441 point window. A method of selecting an appropriate window size is proposed based on statistical significance testing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kramer, Kirsten E.; Morris, Robert E.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2007.11.009 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 315HR UT WOS:000256869800004 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Pehrsson, PE AF Simpkins, B. S. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Pehrsson, P. E. TI Surface depletion effects in semiconducting nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN-NANOWIRES; SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN AB The impact of surface depletion on the electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is explored both theoretically and experimentally. The impact of dopant concentration, surface barrier height, and NW radius on surface depletion and extracted material properties are determined by solving Poisson's equation for the cylindrical system. The theoretical results reveal a size-dependent systematic error in carrier concentration extraction, which is verified through experiment. Interrogation of GaN NWs with radii from 15 to 70 nm exposed an error that reaches over an order of magnitude for the samples studied. These data compared favorably to an analytical treatment assuming physically reasonable material properties. While this manuscript focuses on GaN, the systematic error discussed will be present for any semiconducting NW, which exhibits surface band bending and therefore influences the behavior and characterization of a wide range of semiconducting nanoelements. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Simpkins, B. S.; Pehrsson, P. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mastro, M. A.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 10 AR 104313 DI 10.1063/1.2932072 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 307FK UT WOS:000256303800116 ER PT J AU Christophersen, M Phlips, BF AF Christophersen, Marc Phlips, Bernard F. TI Gray-tone lithography using an optical diffuser and a contact aligner SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROLENS; FABRICATION AB This paper describes a simple method for the three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication of complex high-aspect structures in a one mask lithography process. The method relies on an unconventional way of performing gray-tone lithography. The main idea is to randomize the collimated light by using an optical diffuser to generate intensity distributions in the photoresist. The resist topography is determined by the density of open and opaque squares in the photomask. The resulting 3D resist is then transferred into 3D silicon structures by using reactive ion etching and deep reactive ion etching. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Christophersen, Marc; Phlips, Bernard F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW Code 7651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil; bernard.phlips@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 19 AR 194102 DI 10.1063/1.2924314 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 310XN UT WOS:000256564200116 ER PT J AU Kim, M Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, CS Lindle, JR Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Lindle, J. R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Interband cascade laser emitting at lambda=3.75 mu m in continuous wave above room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB We report a five-stage interband cascade laser that operates at lambda = 3.75 mu m in cw mode up to a maximum temperature of 319 K. With gold electroplating, epitaxial-side-up mounting, and one facet coated for high reflectivity, a 3 mm x 9.2 mu m ridge emits over 10 mW of cw power at 300 K. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, M.; Canedy, C. L.; Bewley, W. W.; Kim, C. S.; Lindle, J. R.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 21 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 19 AR 191110 DI 10.1063/1.2930685 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 310XN UT WOS:000256564200010 ER PT J AU Koppes, WM Moran, JS Oxley, JC Smith, JL AF Koppes, William M. Moran, Jesse S. Oxley, Jimmie C. Smith, James L. TI Azo bond hydrogenation with hydrazine, R-NHNH(2), and hydrazobenzene SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIETHYL AZODICARBOXYLATE; ABSTRACTING REACTION; REDUCTION; EFFICIENT; DIIMIDE; AGENT AB Hydrogenation of azo bonds with hydrazine, mono-substituted hydrazine, and hydrazobenzene was studied with selected diazene compounds under oxygen-free conditions. The reactions proceed rapidly and in high yield in several solvents, utilizing all N-H protons. While the reduction process is accompanied by the evolution of nitrogen gas in the case of N(2)H(4), the intermediacy of diimide could not be confirmed by standard trapping experiments. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koppes, William M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Moran, Jesse S.; Oxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Oxley, JC (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. EM joxley@chm.uri.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 20 BP 3234 EP 3237 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.083 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 300ME UT WOS:000255827100009 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Tribble, DR Cachafero, SP Putnam, SD Hoopera, TI AF Riddle, Mark S. Tribble, David R. Cachafero, Santiago Perez Putnam, Shannon D. Hoopera, Tomoko I. TI Development of a travelers' diarrhea vaccine for the military: How much is an ounce of prevention really worth? SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE economic analysis; travelers' diarrhea; research; prioritization ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; OPERATIONS IRAQI FREEDOM; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; US MILITARY; ENDURING FREEDOM; INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; SELF-TREATMENT; IMPACT; PERSONNEL; THAILAND AB Infectious diarrhea is one of the many threats to the deployed military, and given limited resources, a decision to pursue a vaccine acquisition strategy should be based on best evidence that weighs costs and benefits compared to alternatives. An economic model was developed to estimate the marginal cost to avert a duty day lost due to diarrhea for a vaccine acquisition strategy compared to current clinical management, for both multiplex and pathogen-specific vaccines. Vaccines against Campylobacter and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli appeared to be more favorable than a Shigella vaccine. This model provides an evidence-based decision tool to support prioritization in vaccine development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Riddle, Mark S.; Tribble, David R.; Hoopera, Tomoko I.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Cachafero, Santiago Perez] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Putnam, Shannon D.] USN, Med Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM markriddlemd@hotmail.com RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; OI Perez Cachafeiro, Santiago/0000-0001-9342-4264; PUTNAM, SHAN/0000-0001-8353-4400 NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 20 BP 2490 EP 2502 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.008 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 303XL UT WOS:000256074200006 PM 18417259 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai TI On the nature of the variability power decay toward soft spectral states in X-ray binaries: Case study in Cygnus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (Cygnus X-1) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; NEUTRON-STAR; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; X-1; INDEX; MASS; PROPAGATION; NOISE AB A characteristic feature of the Fourier power density spectrum (PDS) observed from black hole X-ray binaries in low/hard and intermediate spectral states is a broadband-limited noise characterized by a constant below some frequency (a "break'' frequency) and a power law above this frequency. It has been shown that the variability of this type can be produced by the inward diffusion of the local driving perturbations in a bounded configuration (accretion disk or corona). In the framework of this model, the perturbation diffusion time t(0) is related to the phenomenological break frequency, while the PDS power-law slope above the "break'' is determined by the viscosity distribution over the configuration. The perturbation diffusion scenario explains the decay of the power of X-ray variability observed in a number of compact sources (containing black holes and neutron stars) during an evolution of these sources from low/hard to high/soft states. We compare the model predictions with the subset of data from Cyg X-1 collected by the Rossi X-Ray Time Explorer (RXTE). Our extensive analysis of the Cyg X-1 PDSs demonstrates that the observed integrated power P(x) decreases approximately as the square root of the characteristic frequency of the driving oscillations V(dr). The RXTE observations of Cyg X-1 allow us to infer P(dr) and t(0) as a function of V(dr). Using the inferred dependences of the integrated power of the driving oscillations P(dr) and t(0) on V(dr) we demonstrate that the power predicted by the model also decays as P(x,diff) alpha V(dr)(-0.5), which is similar to the observed Px behavior. We also apply the basic parameters of observed PDSs, power-law indices, and low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations to infer the Reynolds number (Re) from the observations using the method developed in our previous paper. Our analysis shows that Re increases from values of about 10 in low/hard state to about 70 during the high/soft state. C1 [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 1230 EP 1236 DI 10.1086/587124 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800055 ER PT J AU Andres, M Wimbush, M Park, JH Chang, KI Lim, BH Watts, DR Ichikawa, H Teague, WJ AF Andres, M. Wimbush, M. Park, J. -H. Chang, K. -I. Lim, B. -H. Watts, D. R. Ichikawa, H. Teague, W. J. TI Observations of Kuroshio flow variations in the East China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTWARD CURRENT SOUTHEAST; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; VOLUME TRANSPORT; LARGE MEANDER; VARIABILITY; FRONT; VELOCITY; KYUSHU; TAIWAN; PATH AB Kuroshio velocity structure and transport in the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated as part of a 23-month study using inverted echo sounders and acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) along the regularly sampled PN-line. Flow toward the northeast is concentrated near the continental shelf with the mean surface velocity maximum located 30 km offshore from the shelf break (taken as the 170 m isobath). There are two regions of southwestward flow: a deep countercurrent over the continental slope beneath the Kuroshio axis and a recirculation offshore which extends throughout the whole water column. There is a bimodal distribution to the depth of maximum velocity with occurrence peaks at the surface and 210 dbar. When the maximum velocity is located within the top 80 m of the water column, it ranges between 0.36 m/s and 2.02 m/s; when the maximum velocity is deeper than 80 m, it ranges between 0.31 m/s and 1.11 m/s. The 13-month mean net absolute transport of the Kuroshio in the ECS is 18.5 +/- 0.8 Sv (standard deviation, sigma = 4.0 Sv). The mean positive and negative portions of this net flow are 24.0 +/- 0.9 Sv and -5.4 +/- 0.3 Sv, respectively. C1 [Andres, M.; Wimbush, M.; Park, J. -H.; Watts, D. R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Chang, K. -I.; Lim, B. -H.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Ichikawa, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Observat Res Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Teague, W. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Andres, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010; OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455; Park, Jae-Hun/0000-0003-0442-695X NR 40 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C5 AR C05013 DI 10.1029/2007JC004200 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 300NA UT WOS:000255829300002 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Prospective investigation of complementary and alternative medicine use and subsequent hospitalizations SO BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; HERBAL MEDICINE; CANCER-PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; PREVALENCE; RISKS; THERAPIES; USAGE AB Background: The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been estimated to be as high as 65% in some populations. However, there has been little objective research into the possible risks or benefits of unmanaged CAM therapies. Methods: In this prospective study of active duty US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, the association between self-reported practitioner-assisted or self-administered CAM use and future hospitalization was investigated. Cox regression models were used to examine risk of hospitalization due to any cause over the follow-up period from date of questionnaire submission, until hospitalization, separation from the military, or end of observation period (June 30, 2004), whichever occurred first. Results: After adjusting for baseline health, baseline trust and satisfaction with conventional medicine, and demographic characteristics, those who reported self-administering two or more CAM therapies were significantly less likely to be hospitalized for any cause when compared with those who did not self-administer CAM (HR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.86). Use of multiple practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a significant decrease or increase of risk for future hospitalization (HR = 1.86; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.96-3.63). Conclusion: While there were limitations to these analyses, this investigation utilized an objective measure of health to investigate the potential health effects of CAM therapies and found a modest reduction in the overall risk of hospitalization associated with self-administration of two or more CAM therapies. In contrast, use of practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a protective effect. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM tyler.smith2@med.navy.mil; besa.smith@med.navy.mil; margaret.ryan@med.navy.mil NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6882 J9 BMC COMPLEM ALTERN M JI BMC Complement. Altern. Med. PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1472-6882-8-19 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 398PL UT WOS:000262743900001 PM 18462505 ER PT J AU Bauserman, JW Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR AF Bauserman, Joy W. Mushrush, George W. Hardy, Dennis R. TI Organic nitrogen compounds and fuel instability in middle distillate fuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; OIL AB Previous research studies have implicated polar organic nitrogen compounds in fuel instability. Twenty-one middle distillate fuels were investigated for their organic nitrogen content and to determine if any specific organic nitrogen compound might be linked to fuel instability. The organic nitrogen compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. Three extracts were obtained from each fuel sample: a basic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (BNC), a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (NBNC), and a nonbasic nitrogen extract in methanol (NBNC). The major constituents of each extract were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After the compounds were identified for each fuel, the fuels were grouped by ASTM stability values to determine if there was significantly more or less of one type of organic nitrogen compound present that could cause instability. The results of this study showed that there was not a specific organic nitrogen compound responsible for instability, but probably an imbalance in either the basic or nonbasic organic nitrogen compounds that caused a shift in equilibrium resulting in sediment or gum formation. This is important to the military because military fuels can remain in storage tanks for I or more years. As fuels are drawn from these tanks, the tanks are subsequently topped off with more recently purchased fuels. In many cases, the mixed fuels are not compatible, resulting in sediment and sludge formation. C1 [Bauserman, Joy W.] NOVA Res, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Mushrush, George W.; Hardy, Dennis R.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushrush, George W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Bauserman, JW (reprint author), NOVA Res, 1900 Elkin St, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM jmb1950jwb@aol.com NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2867 EP 2875 DI 10.1021/ie071321n PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 295HU UT WOS:000255466400004 ER PT J AU Haggenmueller, R Rahatekar, SS Fagan, JA Chun, JH Becker, ML Naik, RR Krauss, T Carlson, L Kadla, JF Trulove, PC Fox, DF DeLong, HC Fang, ZC Kelley, SO Gilman, JW AF Haggenmueller, Reto Rahatekar, Sarneer S. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Chun, Jaehun Becker, Matthew L. Naik, Rajesh R. Krauss, Todd Carlson, Lisa Kadla, John F. Trulove, Paul C. Fox, Douglas F. DeLong, Hugh C. Fang, Zhichao Kelley, Shana O. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Comparison of the quality of aqueous dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants and biomolecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; DNA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEPARATION; POLYMER; BUNDLES AB The use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in current and future applications depends on the ability to process SWCNTs in a solvent to yield high-quality dispersions characterized by individual SWCNTs and possessing a minimum of SWCNT bundles. Many approaches for the dispersion of SWCNTs have been reported. However, there is no general assessment which compares the relative quality and dispersion efficiency of the respective methods. Herein we report a quantitative comparison of the relative ability of "wrapping polymers" including oligonucleotides, peptides, lignin, chitosan, and cellulose and surfactants such as cholates, ionic liquids, and organosulfates to disperse SWCNTs in water. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy provide quantitative characterization (amount of SWCNTs that can be suspended by a given surfactant and its ability to debundle SWCNTs) of these suspensions. Sodium deoxy cholate (SDOCO), oligonucleotides (GT)(15), (GT)(10), (AC)(15), (AC)(10), C(10-30), and carboxymethylcellulose (CBMC-250K) exhibited the highest quality suspensions of the various systems studied in this work. The information presented here provides a good framework for further study of SWCNT purification and applications. C1 [Haggenmueller, Reto; Rahatekar, Sarneer S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Chun, Jaehun; Becker, Matthew L.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krauss, Todd; Carlson, Lisa] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kadla, John F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Trulove, Paul C.; Fox, Douglas F.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeLong, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Air Force Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fang, Zhichao; Kelley, Shana O.] Univ Toronto, Fac Pharm, Fac Med Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Krauss, Todd/0000-0002-4860-874X; Kelley, Shana/0000-0003-3360-5359 NR 42 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 6 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 5070 EP 5078 DI 10.1021/la703008r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294UP UT WOS:000255432000095 PM 18442227 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Poly, F Pakulski, Z Guerry, P Monteiro, MA AF Chen, Yu-Han Poly, Frederic Pakulski, Zbigniew Guerry, Patricia Monteiro, Mario A. TI The chemical structure and genetic locus of Campylobacter jejuni CG8486 (serotype HS : 4) capsular polysaccharide: the identification of 6-deoxy-D-ido-heptopyranose SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; capsule polysaccharide; genetic locus; 6-deoxy-ido-heptopyranose; structural characterization ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; EUBACTERIUM-SABURREUM; EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; LIBERATED OLIGOSACCHARIDE; CORE OLIGOSACCHARIDE; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GANGLIOSIDE MIMICRY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIGEN; CHAINS AB In line with our on-going efforts to create a multivalent anti-Campylobacter jejuni vaccine based on its capsule polysaccharides (CPSs), we report here the chemical structure and the genetic locus of the CPS produced by C. jejuni strain CG8486, which belongs to the serotype HS:4 CPS complex. C. jejuni CG8486 CPS was observed to be composed of approximately 17 disaccharide repeating blocks of 4-substituted N-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosamine and 3-substituted 6-deoxy-beta-D-ido-heptopyranose. A small number of 6-deoxy-beta-D-ido-heptopyranose units were observed to carry O-methyl phosphoramidate moieties at the O-2 or O-7 position. The gene content and organization of the CPS locus of C. jejuni CG8486 were comparable to those of C jejuni strains NCTC 11168 and 81-176, but several CG8486 CPS genes were observed to be more divergent from those present in the CPS loci of NCTC 11168 and 81-176 CPS, which indicated that there are genetic characteristics specific to the C. jejuni HS:4 CPS complex. The efficacy of a glycoconjugate vaccine based on C. jejuni CG8486 CPS is presently being tested in an animal model, the results of which will be presented in future communications. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poly, Frederic; Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chen, Yu-Han; Monteiro, Mario A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Pakulski, Zbigniew] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. RP Monteiro, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM patricia.guerry@med.navy.mil; monteiro@uoguelph.ca RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 343 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.024 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 296VP UT WOS:000255574200005 PM 18346720 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Zhou, H AF Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Multiple branches of ordered states of polymer ensembles with the Onsager excluded volume potential SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID EQUATION; SPHERE AB We study the branches of equilibrium states of rigid polymer rods with the Onsager excluded volume potential in two-dimensional space. Since the probability density and the potential are related by the Boltzmann relation at equilibrium, we represent an equilibrium state using the Fourier coefficients of the Onsager potential. We derive a non-linear system for the Fourier coefficients of the equilibrium state. We describe a procedure for solving the non-linear system. The procedure yields multiple branches of ordered states. This suggests that the phase diagram of rigid polymer rods with the Onsager potential has a more complex structure than that with the Maier-Saupe potential. A study of free energy indicates that the first branch of ordered states is stable while the subsequent branches are unstable. However, the instability of the subsequent branches does not mean they are not interesting. Each of these unstable branches, under certain external potential, can be made metastable, and thus may be observed. (c) 200 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, HY (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM hongwang@ams.ucsc.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 19 BP 3423 EP 3428 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.01.085 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 302MD UT WOS:000255971500014 ER PT J AU Du, MH Erwin, SC Efros, AL Norris, DJ AF Du, M. -H. Erwin, S. C. Efros, Al. L. Norris, D. J. TI Comment on "self-purification in semiconductor nanocrystals" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Du, M. -H.; Erwin, S. C.; Efros, Al. L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Norris, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Norris, David/F-4022-2010; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X NR 4 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 17 AR 179702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.179702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 296DS UT WOS:000255524300093 PM 18518349 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, N Truett, A Wallace, MR AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy Truett, April Wallace, Mark R. TI Cryptococcal meningitis manifesting as a large abdominal cyst in a HIV-infected patient with a CD4 count greater than 400 cells/mm(3) SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; AMPHOTERICIN-B; VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; AIDS; FLUCONAZOLE AB Cryptococcal meningitis usually occurs among HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts less than 100 cells/mm(3) and manifests as headaches, fevers, and mental status changes. We present an unusual case of cryptococcal meningitis in a 34-year-old HIV-positive man presenting as a large abdominal cyst at the ventriculoperitoneal shunt site despite receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) for more than 5 years and having a CD4 count more than 400 cells/mm(3). C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Truett, April] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Trop Med Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, N (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011]; PHS HHS [HU0001-05-2-0011] NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD MAY PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1089/apc.2007.0085 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 310HL UT WOS:000256519400002 PM 18373418 ER PT J AU Schafer, TW AF Schafer, Theodore W. TI The ACG patient "Web Book" provides peer-reviewed information for patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MEDICAL INFORMATION; POPULATION; INTERNET C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1308 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01782_1.x PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 299IT UT WOS:000255750000032 PM 18477356 ER PT J AU Haksworth, JS Brown, TS Leeser, DB Stojadinovic, A Tadaki, DK Cheng, O Mannon, RB Elster, EA AF Haksworth, Jason S. Brown, Trevor S. Leeser, David B. Stojadinovic, Alexander Tadaki, Doug K. Cheng, Orlena Mannon, Roz B. Elster, Eric A. TI Probabilistic (Bayesian) modeling of gene expression in transplant glomerulopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th American Transplant Congress CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Haksworth, Jason S.; Leeser, David B.; Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Brown, Trevor S.; Tadaki, Doug K.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cheng, Orlena; Mannon, Roz B.] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 SU 2 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 299NV UT WOS:000255763200366 ER PT J AU Tesei, A Fawcett, JA Lim, R AF Tesei, A. Fawcett, J. A. Lim, R. TI Physics-based detection of man-made elastic objects buried in high-density-clutter areas of saturated sediments SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE buried object detection; underwater acoustics; elastic wave analysis ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SPHERICAL-SHELLS; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; TONE BURSTS; WATER; BACKSCATTERING; SURFACE; WAVES; RESOLUTION; CYLINDERS AB At low-to-mid frequencies (1-15 kHz), sound penetrates better into lossy saturated sediments such as sandy seabeds than at the higher frequencies typical of many sonar systems. At the lower frequencies the signature of a man-made object, such as an oil can or a mine, is characterized by relatively strong elastic components that may help in detecting the object when partially or totally buried in high-density-clutter areas. Using simulations, we studied the low frequency elastic response of representative elastic objects such as spherical and cylindrical shells. This was done by selecting the strongest elastic waves supported and predicting how their characteristics (i.e., dispersion and attenuation) change as the bottom type or the object's burial depth varies. Based on this study, experimental results of physics-based detection of man-made buried objects are shown. At-sea data were selected from the measurements conducted during the GOATS'98 trial in a cluttered, sandy seabed area in coastal waters. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tesei, A.] NATO Under Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Fawcett, J. A.] DRDC Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. [Lim, R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, CSS, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tesei, A (reprint author), NATO Under Res Ctr, Vle S Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM tesei@nurc.nato.int; john.fawcett@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; raymond.lim@navy.mil NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 69 IS 5 BP 422 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.04.002 PG 16 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 308CB UT WOS:000256364800005 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Kim, YJ AF Teixeira, Joao Kim, Young-Joon TI On a simple parameterization of convective cloud fraction SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE convective cloud fraction; parameterization; global forecast model; NOGAPS ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SCHEME; WATER; REPRESENTATION; LIQUID; COVER AB A simple system of prognostic equations for cloud fraction and cloud water due to moist convection is discussed. In this parameterization there is a convective detrainment source term and a sink term due to turbulent erosion. Assuming that there is a balance between the two terms leads to simple steady-state solutions. This approach is tested against results from a cloud resolving model for two deep convection cases and is implemented and evaluated in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Despite its simplicity, this parameterization produces realistic values of cloud fraction and improves the quality of total and high cloud cover, and outgoing longwave radiation in the tropics. C1 [Teixeira, Joao] UCAR VSP, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Teixeira, Joao] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM teixeira@jpl.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 334PZ UT WOS:000258235000007 ER PT J AU Masters, KL Springob, CM Huchra, JP AF Masters, Karen L. Springob, Christopher M. Huchra, John P. TI 2MTF. I. The Tully-Fisher relation in the two micron all sky survey J, H, and K bands SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters; infrared : galaxies ID VELOCITY-WIDTH RELATION; URSA-MAJOR CLUSTER; MILKY-WAY; INTERNAL EXTINCTION; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; ROTATIONAL WIDTHS; BIAS CORRECTIONS; LOCAL UNIVERSE; DISTANCE SCALE; LINE WIDTHS AB The Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Tully-Fisher Survey (2MTF) aims to measure Tully-Fisher (TF) distances to all bright inclined spirals in the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS). Essential to this project is a universal calibration of the TF relation in the 2MASS J (1.2 mu m), H (1.6 mu m), and K (2.2 mu m) bands. We present the first bias-corrected or universal TF template in these bands. We find that the slope of the TF relation becomes steeper as the wavelength increases being close to L proportional to upsilon(4) in the K band and L proportional to upsilon(3.6) in the J and H bands. We also investigate the dependence on galaxy morphology showing that in all three bands the relation is steeper for later-type spirals which also have a dimmer TF zero point than earlier-type spirals. We correct the final relation to that for Sc galaxies. Finally we study the scatter from the TF relation fitting for a width-dependent intrinsic scatter which is not found to vary significantly with wavelength. C1 [Masters, Karen L.; Huchra, John P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Springob, Christopher M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Springob, Christopher M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Masters, KL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1738 EP 1748 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1738 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700009 ER PT J AU Zheng, C Romani, RW Sako, M Marriner, J Bassett, B Becker, A Choi, C Cinabro, D DeJongh, F Depoy, DL Dilday, B Doi, M Frieman, JA Garnavich, PM Hogan, CJ Holtzman, J Im, M Jha, S Kessler, R Konishi, K Lampeitl, H Marshall, JL McGinnis, D Miknaitis, G Nichol, RC Prieto, JL Riess, AG Richmond, MW Schneider, DP Smith, M Takanashi, N Tokita, K Van der Heyden, K Yasuda, N Assef, RJ Barentine, J Bender, R Blandford, RD Bremer, M Brewington, H Collins, CA Crotts, A Dembicky, J Eastman, J Edge, A Elson, E Eyler, ME Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Frank, S Goobar, A Harvanek, M Hopp, U Ihara, Y Kahn, S Ketzeback, W Kleinman, SJ Kollatschny, W Krzesinski, J Leloudas, G Long, DC Lucey, J Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V McMillan, RJ Morgan, CW Morokuma, T Nitta, A Ostman, L Pan, K Romer, AK Saurage, G Schlesinger, K Snedden, SA Sollerman, J Stritzinger, M Watson, LC Watters, S Wheeler, JC York, D AF Zheng, Chen Romani, Roger W. Sako, Masao Marriner, John Bassett, Bruce Becker, Andrew Choi, Changsu Cinabro, David DeJongh, Fritz Depoy, Darren L. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Frieman, Joshua A. Garnavich, Peter M. Hogan, Craig J. Holtzman, Jon Im, Myungshin Jha, Saurabh Kessler, Richard Konishi, Kohki Lampeitl, Hubert Marshall, Jennifer L. McGinnis, David Miknaitis, Gajus Nichol, Robert C. Prieto, Jose Luis Riess, Adam G. Richmond, Michael W. Schneider, Donald P. Smith, Mathew Takanashi, Naohiro Tokita, Kouichi van der Heyden, Kurt Yasuda, Naoki Assef, Roberto J. Barentine, John Bender, Ralf Blandford, Roger D. Bremer, Malcolm Brewington, Howard Collins, Chris A. Crotts, Arlin Dembicky, Jack Eastman, Jason Edge, Alastair Elson, Ed Eyler, Michael E. Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Frank, Stephan Goobar, Ariel Harvanek, Michael Hopp, Ulrich Ihara, Yutaka Kahn, Steven Ketzeback, William Kleinman, Scott J. Kollatschny, Wolfram Krzesinski, Jurek Leloudas, Giorgos Long, Daniel C. Lucey, John Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor McMillan, Russet J. Morgan, Christopher W. Morokuma, Tomoki Nitta, Atsuko Ostman, Linda Pan, Kaike Romer, A. Kathy Saurage, Gabrelle Schlesinger, Katie Snedden, Stephanie A. Sollerman, Jesper Stritzinger, Maximilian Watson, Linda C. Watters, Shannon Wheeler, J. Craig York, Donald TI First-year spectroscopy for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II supernova survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; methods : data analysis; supernovae : general; surveys; techniques : spectroscopic ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; IA SUPERNOVAE; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY; LEGACY SURVEY; K-CORRECTIONS; DARK ENERGY; SPECTRA AB This paper presents spectroscopy of supernovae (SNe) discovered in the first season of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II SN Survey. This program searches for and measures multi-band light curves of SNe in the redshift range z = 0.05-0.4, complementing existing surveys at lower and higher redshifts. Our goal is to better characterize the SN population, with a particular focus on SNe Ia, improving their utility as cosmological distance indicators and as probes of dark energy. Our SN spectroscopy program features rapid-response observations using telescopes of a range of apertures, and provides confirmation of the SN and host-galaxy types as well as precise redshifts. We describe here the target identification and prioritization, data reduction, redshift measurement, and classification of 129 SNe Ia, 16 spectroscopically probable SNe Ia, 7 SNe Ib/c, and 11 SNe II from the first season. We also describe our efforts to measure and remove the substantial host-galaxy contamination existing in the majority of our SN spectra. C1 [Zheng, Chen; Romani, Roger W.; Jha, Saurabh; Blandford, Roger D.; Kahn, Steven] Stanford Univ, Kavli Int Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Marriner, John; DeJongh, Fritz; Frieman, Joshua A.; McGinnis, David; Miknaitis, Gajus] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bassett, Bruce; Elson, Ed] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce; van der Heyden, Kurt; Elson, Ed] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Becker, Andrew; Hogan, Craig J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Choi, Changsu; Im, Myungshin] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, FPRD, Seoul, South Korea. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Depoy, Darren L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.; Prieto, Jose Luis; Assef, Roberto J.; Eastman, Jason; Frank, Stephan; Morgan, Christopher W.; Schlesinger, Katie; Watson, Linda C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dilday, Ben] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dilday, Ben; Frieman, Joshua A.; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru; Takanashi, Naohiro; Tokita, Kouichi; Ihara, Yutaka; Morokuma, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Frieman, Joshua A.; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kessler, Richard; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Konishi, Kohki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Lampeitl, Hubert; Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.; Smith, Mathew] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barentine, John; Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Dembicky, Jack; Harvanek, Michael; Ketzeback, William; Kleinman, Scott J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; McMillan, Russet J.; Nitta, Atsuko; Pan, Kaike; Saurage, Gabrelle; Snedden, Stephanie A.; Watters, Shannon] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Univ Sternwarte Munich, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Bremer, Malcolm] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Collins, Chris A.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Crotts, Arlin] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Edge, Alastair; Lucey, John] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Eyler, Michael E.; Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Filippenko, Alexei V.; Foley, Ryan J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goobar, Ariel; Ostman, Linda] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Harvanek, Michael] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kleinman, Scott J.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kollatschny, Wolfram] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Akad Pedagogicazna Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Leloudas, Giorgos; Sollerman, Jesper; Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Morokuma, Tomoki] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Romer, A. Kathy] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. [Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Zheng, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Int Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; OI Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Eastman, Jason/0000-0003-3773-5142; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Leloudas, Giorgos/0000-0002-8597-0756; stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 NR 82 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1766 EP 1784 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1766 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700012 ER PT J AU Hara, H Watanabe, T Harra, LK Culhane, JL Young, PR Mariska, JT Doschek, GA AF Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Harra, Louise K. Culhane, J. Leonard Young, Peter R. Mariska, John T. Doschek, George A. TI Coronal plasma motions near footpoints of active region loops revealed from spectroscopic observations with Hinode EIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmospheric motions; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SOLAR CORONA; EMISSION-LINES; DISSIPATION; MISSION; FIELDS; MODEL AB The solar active region 10938 has been observed from the disk center to the west limb with the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer. In the disk-center observation, subsonic upflow motions of tens of km s(-1) and enhanced nonthermal velocities have been found near the footpoints of the active region loops assuming a single Gaussian approximation for the emission-line profiles. When the same part of the active region is observed near the limb, both upflows and enhanced nonthermal velocities essentially decrease. There is a strong correlation between Doppler velocity and nonthermal velocity. Significant deviations from a single Gaussian profile are found in the blue wing of the line profiles for the upflows. These suggest that there are unresolved high-speed upflows. We discuss the implications for coronal heating mechanisms. C1 [Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Harra, Louise K.; Culhane, J. Leonard] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Young, Peter R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Mariska, John T.; Doschek, George A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hara, H (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM hirohisa.hara@nao.ac.jp OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 22 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP L67 EP L71 DI 10.1086/588252 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AN UT WOS:000255238900017 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP Thompson, WT AF Tvaryanas, Anthony P. Thompson, William T. TI Recurrent error pathways in HFACS data: Analysis of 95 mishaps with remotely piloted aircraft SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE unmanned aerial vehicles; remotely piloted vehicles; accidents; aviation safety; human factors ID FATIGUE; AVIATION; OPERATIONS AB Background: According to Reason's model of accident causation, mishaps tend to fall into recurrent patterns. This model is the foundation for the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which is now widely used in aviation accident analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine if it was possible to use HFACS to identify recurrent error pathways within an existing mishap database. Methods: All MQ-1 Predator remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) mishaps and safety incidents reported to the Air Force Safety Center during fiscal years 19972005 were evaluated and entered into a mishap database (N = 95). An exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the factorial structure within the set of crewmember-related mishaps (N = 48). The results of the PCA were used to define recurrent pathways from latent to active failure and hence mishaps. A tree diagram was subsequently created to quantitatively assess the associations identified in the PCA. Results: Four factors were identified, each consisting of one of the HFACS categories of active failure and one or more categories of latent failure. Two additional factors were identified, consisting of fatigue and motivational latent failures. Based on analysis of the tree diagram, the majority of mishaps were caused by latent failures involving organizational factors and the technological environment. Conclusions: it was possible to identify four recurrent error pathways associated with the four types of HFACS active failures within this sample of RPA mishaps. Two of these error pathways, accounting for 57% of crewmember-related mishaps, were consistent with situation awareness errors associated with perception of the environment. C1 [Tvaryanas, Anthony P.; Thompson, William T.] 311th Performance Enhancement Directorate, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 1 Univ Circle,Herrmann Hall,Rm 033, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM aptvarya@nps.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2002.2008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 294QJ UT WOS:000255420300010 PM 18500051 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Ranganathan, D Kumar, MG Nagaraj, R AF Karle, Isabella L. Ranganathan, Darshan Kumar, Mittapalli Gopi Nagaraj, Ramakrishnan TI Design, synthesis, conformational and membrane ion transport studies of proline-adamantane hybrid cyclic depsipeptides SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE constraints with adamantane; crystal structure; cyclic backbone folding; loops; hybrid peptide; pseudo beta-bends ID HIGH-AFFINITY LIGANDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL-IONS; YEAST MITOCHONDRIA; PEPTIDES; OCTAPEPTIDES; CYCLO4; CYCLO(LEU-PRO)4; CYCLO(PHE-PRO)4; SOMATOSTATIN AB The design, synthesis, conformational, crystallographic, and ion transport studies of 30-membered, proline containing depsipeptides that incorporate the rigid low molecular weight lipophilic adamantane (Adm) building blocks are reported. The adamantyl groups provide the desired membrane permeability and conformational constraint for efficient transport in lipid membranes. The novel cyclic depsipeptides are: c[-Adm-C(O)-Pro-O-CH2- CHR-NH-C(O)-Pro-C(O)-Adm-C(O)-Pro-C(O)-NH-CHR-CH2- O-Pro-C(O)-] where R=H for A and R=CONH-Adm for B. Crystal structure analysis of A established that the two peptide segments are identical in formula and in conformation and that the peptides are bonded to the interleaving Adm at the 1 and 3 positions. However, the complete ring is highly asymmetric in shape since bonds for both Peptide-Adm-Peptide segments have the syn-anti motif. Torsional angles for the connecting bonds to Adm are -162 degrees, +71 degrees and -169 degrees, -48 degrees. The irregular clamshell shape of the molecule has three internal C=O moieties directed in a manner that could provide three Na+-O ligands. While A exhibited negligible transport of Na+ ions across membranes, peptide B endowed with two additional adamantanes in the periphery did transport Na+ ions from outside to inside. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Karle, Isabella L.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ranganathan, Darshan] Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Kumar, Mittapalli Gopi; Nagaraj, Ramakrishnan] Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902] NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1002/bip.20903 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 282LQ UT WOS:000254569700018 PM 18067153 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning TI Rate-limited mass transfer of octane, decane, and dodecane into nonionic surfactants solutions under laminar flow conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE solubilization; SEAR; dodecyl alcohol ethoxylates; linear alkanes; micelles ID ENHANCED PCE SOLUBILIZATION; PILOT-SCALE DEMONSTRATION; BACHMAN ROAD SITE; MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; ALKANES AB A key component to predicting the success of utilizing surfactants to enhance the removal of organic liquids from soil system is quantifying micellar solubilization kinetics. In this study, a flow reactor was employed to investigate the influence of surfactant ethoxylate chain length on the rates of solubilization of octane, decane, and dodecane in micellar solutions of a homologous series of purified dodecyl alcohol ethoxylates. Effluent concentration data were fit using a finite element model utilizing a linear-driving-force model to represent mass transfer at the interface. For flow rates between 0.1 and 2 ml min(-1), mass transfer coefficients ranged from 5 x 10(-8) to 7 x 10(-7) m s(-1) and did not vary in a systematic way with either solute structure or surfactant ethoxylate chain length and were lower than those found in pure water. Correlations developed for the Sherwood number based on diffusion coefficients of surfactant micelles containing organic material (organic-laden micelle) exhibit a velocity dependence similar to that found for systems based on aqueous diffusion. These results suggest that under gentle flowing conditions, the mass transfer is limited by diffusion of the organic-laden micelle. Although these trends are specific for this experimental system, the results demonstrate the importance of selecting the proper diffusion coefficient when modeling surfactant solubilization processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011; Motteran, Fabricio/F-8406-2012 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287; Motteran, Fabricio/0000-0002-7664-2697 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 313JW UT WOS:000256737900001 PM 18372002 ER PT J AU Devereaux, AV Dichter, JR Christian, MD Dubler, NN Sandrock, CE Hick, JL Powell, T Geiling, JA Amundson, DE Baudendistel, TE Braner, DA Klein, MA Berkowitz, KA Curtis, JR Rubinson, L AF Devereaux, Asha V. Dichter, Jeffrey R. Christian, Michael D. Dubler, Nancy N. Sandrock, Christian E. Hick, John L. Powell, Tia Geiling, James A. Amundson, Dennis E. Baudendistel, Tom E. Braner, Dana A. Klein, Mike A. Berkowitz, Kenneth A. Curtis, J. Randall Rubinson, Lewis TI Definitive care for the critically ill during a disaster: A framework for allocation of scarce resources in mass critical care - From a Task Force for Mass Critical Care summit meeting, January 26-27, 2007, Chicago, IL SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE critical care; disaster; ethics; health-care rationing; health-care worker; palliative medicine; posttraumatic stress; triage ID ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; INTENSIVE-CARE; SOFA SCORE; DECISION-MAKING; PART II; TRIAGE; UNIT; MULTICENTER; ADMISSION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Anticipated circumstances during the next severe influenza pandemic highlight the insufficiency of staff and equipment to meet the needs of all critically ill victims. It is plausible that an entire country could face simultaneous limitations, resulting in severe shortages of critical care resources to the point where patients could no longer receive all of the care that would,usually be required and expected. There may even be such resource shortfalls that some patients would not be able to access even the most basic of life-sustaining interventions. Rationing of critical care in this circumstance would be difficult, yet may be unavoidable. Without planning, the provision of care would assuredly be chaotic, inequitable, and unfair. The Task Force for Mass Critical Care Working Group met in Chicago in January 2007 to proactively suggest guidance for allocating scarce critical care resources. Task Force suggestions: In order to allocate critical care resources when systems are overwhelmed, the Task Force for Mass Critical Care Working Group suggests the following: (1) an equitable triage process utilizing the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scoring system; (2) the concept of triage by a senior clinician(s) without direct clinical obligation, and a support system to implement and manage the triage process; (3) legal and ethical constructs underpinning the allocation of scarce resources; and (4) a mechanism for rapid revision of the triage process as further disaster experiences, research, planning, and modeling come to light. C1 [Devereaux, Asha V.] Sharp Coronado Hosp, Coronado, CA USA. [Dichter, Jeffrey R.] Presbyterian Hosp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Christian, Michael D.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Dubler, Nancy N.] Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Sandrock, Christian E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hick, John L.] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Powell, Tia; Klein, Mike A.] New York State Task Force Life & Law, New York, NY USA. [Geiling, James A.] White River Junct VA Med Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. [Geiling, James A.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. [Amundson, Dennis E.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Baudendistel, Tom E.] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Geraldine Brush Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. [Braner, Dana A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Berkowitz, Kenneth A.] VHA Natl Ctr Eth Hlth Care, New York, NY USA. [Berkowitz, Kenneth A.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Curtis, J. Randall] Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Rubinson, Lewis] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Devereaux, AV (reprint author), 1224 10th St,205, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. EM ADevereaux@pol.net NR 56 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 5 SU S BP 51S EP 66S DI 10.1378/chest.07-2693 PG 16 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 300ET UT WOS:000255807800005 PM 18460506 ER PT J AU Amundson, D AF Amundson, Dennis TI Can there be a consensus on critical care in disasters? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Amundson, Dennis] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Amundson, D (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Dennis.Amundson@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1066 DI 10.1378/chest.08-0581 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 300ER UT WOS:000255807600006 PM 18460512 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Leeser, DB Morrissette, C Pepek, JM Quiko, A Hale, DA Chamberlain, C Salaita, C Kirk, AD Mannon, RB AF Elster, Eric A. Leeser, David B. Morrissette, Craig Pepek, Joseph M. Quiko, Albin Hale, Douglas A. Chamberlain, Christine Salaita, Christine Kirk, Allan D. Mannon, Roslyn B. TI Obesity following kidney transplantation and steroid avoidance immunosuppression SO CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE end-stage renal disease; immunosuppression; kidney transplantation; obesity; steroid avoidance ID RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; WEIGHT-GAIN; RISK-FACTOR; DISEASE; MONOTHERAPY; RECIPIENTS; INDUCTION; THERAPY AB Obesity is an important co-morbidity within end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal transplant populations. Previous studies have suggested that chronic corticosteroids result in increased body weight post-transplant. With the recent adoption of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive strategies, we evaluated the effect of these strategies on body mass index (BMI) after renal transplantation. We examined 95 renal transplant recipients enrolled in National Institutes of Health clinical transplant trials over the past three yr who received either lymphocyte depletion-based steroid sparing or traditional immunosuppressive therapy that included steroids for maintenance immunosuppression. Recipients were overweight prior to transplant and no significant differences existed in pre-transplant BMI among treatment groups. Regardless of therapy, BMI increased post-transplant in all recipients. The BMI increase consisted of an average weight gain of 5.01 +/- 7.12 kg (mean, SD) post-transplant. Additionally, in a number of recipients placed on maintenance steroids, subsequent withdrawal at a mean of 100 d post-transplant had no impact on weight gain. Thus, body weight and BMI increase following kidney transplantation, even in the absence of steroids. Thus, patients gain weight after renal transplantation regardless of the treatment strategy. Steroid avoidance alone does not reduce risk factors associated with obesity in our patient population. C1 [Elster, Eric A.; Leeser, David B.; Hale, Douglas A.; Chamberlain, Christine; Salaita, Christine; Kirk, Allan D.; Mannon, Roslyn B.] NIDDKD, Transplantat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Pepek, Joseph M.] USN, Naval Med Res Ctr, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Leeser, David B.; Hale, Douglas A.; Kirk, Allan D.] USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Leeser, David B.; Quiko, Albin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Morrissette, Craig] USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), 503Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM eric.elster@med.navy.mil RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0902-0063 J9 CLIN TRANSPLANT JI Clin. Transplant. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00792.x PG 6 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 301OX UT WOS:000255906600012 PM 18279417 ER PT J AU Sutton, JA Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF Sutton, Jeffrey A. Williams, Bradley A. Fleming, James W. TI Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of NCN in low-pressure CH4/O-2/N-2 flames and its role in prompt NO formation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE prompt NO; NCN; CH; laser-induced fluorescence; modeling ID INTERMEDIATE; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE; STATE; HCN AB NCN profiles were measured for five rich and lean premixed, low-pressure methane flames using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). A semi quantitative determination of the NCN mole fractions as a function of spatial height above the burner is made by calibrating the NCN LIF signals using highly accurate OH LIF measurements in an adjacent spectral region. The resulting calibration yields an uncertainty estimate of a factor of 3 for the absolute values, but only 125% for the relative NCN profiles. For all flame conditions, the NCN profiles occur immediately downstream of previously measured CH profiles. In addition, high correlations are found between the peak CH and peak NCN concentrations and the peak NCN and postflame NO concentrations over all equivalence ratios. These observations are consistent with NCN being the primary product channel from the CH + N-2 reaction and the initial intermediate in the prompt NO formation. This is the first mechanistic study in hydrocarbon flames that provides such experimental evidence. The experimental profiles are compared to numerical calculations using modified versions of two well-established hydrocarbon kinetic mechanisms. Reasonable agreement between the calculations and experiment is found for NCN profile shape, location of peak NCN concentrations, and absolute mole fractions. However, the dependence on stoichiometry of the peak NCN concentration is overestimated. Further work is required on NCN kinetics for modeling prompt NO in laminar premixed flames. (c) 2007 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sutton, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Bradley A.; Fleming, James W.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Div Chem,Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.sutton@nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 465 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.09.008 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 303OJ UT WOS:000256049500010 ER PT J AU Roth, V Ivanchenko, V Record, N AF Roth, Vicki Ivanchenko, Volodymyr Record, Nicholas TI Evaluating student response to WeBWorK, a web-based homework delivery and grading system SO COMPUTERS & EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE computer-mediated communication; evaluation methodologies; evaluation of CAL systems; human - computer interface; interactive learning AB As the use of web-based homework delivery and checking systems expands, we have greater need to evaluate how students engage with these systems and how changes in the systems influence student behavior. Reported here is the assessment of WeBWorK, an open-source web-based homework program used largely in postsecondary math and science courses, with recent extension to high school courses. WeBWorK draws from a large library of problems to generate individual assignments and provides immediate feedback about correctness of students' answers. WeBWorK allows entries in multiple choice, formula and numerical formats. The entries recorded by the system create an extensive database of student interactions with the system. In our two-part study, we (1) review 2387 student surveys about WeBWorK in three semesters across a range of mathematics courses and (2) test a model designed to classify student responses to system feedback, permitting a fine-grained analysis of the system's records at the keystroke level for a cohort of 96 Calculus I students. Based on this data, our goals are, first, to understand how students use the system and respond to its feedback; second, to analyze the impact of upgrades to the system interface on student users, and third, to evaluate the efficiency of training raters to classify student records. We find that the introduction of new features to the WeBWorK interface (improvements generated by our initial assessment) were welcomed by most students and reduced the overall number of submitted errors by half by the third year of the study. Importantly, the interface improvements reduced the number of errors that were not pedagogically useful. We also find that our error classification model, called here the Student Response Model, was a good fit for our student sample, as reflected by inter-rater reliability of three raters who coded the student records. In sum, our error classification model appears to be useful for analyzing formula entries. To make this assessment model widely available, we designed a system of exercises to train raters to classify student response files for WeBWorK and similar web-based systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roth, Vicki] Univ Rochester, Learning Assistance Serv, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Ivanchenko, Volodymyr] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Record, Nicholas] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Roth, V (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Learning Assistance Serv, Lattimore Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM vicki.roth@rochester.edu; vivanche@nps.edu; nrecord@gmri.org NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1315 J9 COMPUT EDUC JI Comput. Educ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1482 DI 10.1016/j.compedu.2007.01.005 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA 300BE UT WOS:000255798500026 ER PT J AU Neta, B Johnson, AN AF Neta, B. Johnson, Anthony N. TI High-order nonlinear solver for multiple roots SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear equations; high order; multiple roots; fixed point ID ITERATIVE METHODS; EQUATIONS; FAMILY AB A method of order four for finding Multiple zeros of nonlinear functions is developed. The method is based on Jarratt's fifth-order method (for simple roots) and it requires one evaluation of the function and three evaluations of the derivative. The informational efficiency of the method is the same as previously developed schemes of lower order. For the special case of double root, we found a family of fourth-order methods requiring one less derivative. Thus this family is more efficient than all others. All these methods require the knowledge of the multiplicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Neta, B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Johnson, Anthony N.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@gmail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2012 EP 2017 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2007.09.001 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 293IH UT WOS:000255328500010 ER PT J AU Galeckas, KJ Collins, M Ross, EV Uebelhoer, NS AF Galeckas, Kenneth J. Collins, Michelle Ross, Edward Victor Uebelhoer, Nathan S. TI Split-face treatment of facial dyschromia: Pulsed dye laser with a compression handpiece versus intense pulsed light SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PHOTODAMAGED SKIN; PHOTOREJUVENATION; REJUVENATION; 595-NM; IPL AB BACKGROUND Many visible light lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) devices are available to treat photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVES The objective was to perform a multiple-treatment split-face comparison evaluating a pulsed dye laser (PDL) with a compression handpiece versus IPL for photorejuvenation. METHODS Ten subjects were treated three times at 3- to 4-week intervals. One side of the face was treated with the PDL with compression handpiece, and the other with IPL. One month after final treatment, blinded evaluation assessed for improvements in dyschromias and texture. Patients provided self-assessment of improvement in dyschromias and texture. Time to complete final treatments and pain during all treatments were recorded for each device. RESULTS Improvement of the PDL was (mean) 86.5, 65, 85, 38, and 40% for dark lentigines, light lentigines, vessels < 0.6 mm, vessels > 0.6 mm, and texture, respectively, versus 82, 62.5, 78.5, 32.5, and 32%, respectively, for the IPL side. Patient-evaluated difference in improvement for vascular lesions significantly favored the PDL (p=.011). Mean third treatment times were 7.7 minutes for PDL versus 4.6 minutes for the IPL (p=.005). Mean pain ratings were 5.8 for the PDL and 3.1 for the IPL (p=.007). Purpura-free procedures depended on proper technical use of the compression handpiece when treating lentigines with the PDL. CONCLUSIONS The PDL with compression handpiece and IPL are highly effective for photorejuvenation. C1 [Galeckas, Kenneth J.; Collins, Michelle; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Ross, Edward Victor] Scripps Clin, Laser & Cosmet Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galeckas, KJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Suite 300,34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kenneth.galeckas@med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 34 IS 5 BP 672 EP 680 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34126.x PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 290QG UT WOS:000255136700012 PM 18318731 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI Smoking in Restaurants: Rejoinder to Alamar and Glantz SO ECON JOURNAL WATCH LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the September 2007 critique of Alamar and Glantz, I argued that smoking in restaurants (and bars) does not constitute an externality and that Alamar and Glantz's use of cross-sectional data to derive a price/sales ratio did not show us a meaningful picture of what happened before and after the California smoking ban. Here I show that Alamar and Glantz' reply mainly failed to engage my main points. I end with a challenge. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM davidrhenderson1950@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST SPONTANEOUS ORDER ECONOMICS PI FAIRFAX PA 9745 KINGS CROWN COURT #102, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA SN 1933-527X J9 ECON J WATCH JI Econ. J. Watch PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 376AY UT WOS:000261156400005 ER PT J AU Kalnaus, S Fan, F Vasudevan, AK Jiang, Y AF Kalnaus, S. Fan, F. Vasudevan, A. K. Jiang, Y. TI An experimental investigation on fatigue crack growth of AL6XN stainless steel SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack growth; steel; stress intensity factor ID STRAIN RATES; CORROSION; TEMPERATURES; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR AB The crack growth behavior of AL6XN stainless steel was experimentally investigated using round compact tension (CT) specimens. The influences of the R-ratio (the ratio of the minimum load over the maximum applied load in a cycle), the tensile and compressive overloads, and the loading sequence on crack growth were studied in detail. The results from the constant-amplitude experiments show a sensitivity of the crack growth rate to the R-ratio. The application of a tensile overload has a profound effect on crack growth, resulting in a significant retardation in the crack propagation rate. A compressive overload (underload) leads to a short-lived acceleration in crack growth. Results from the two-step high-low loading reveal a period of crack growth retardation at the beginning of the lower amplitude step, an effect similar to that of a single overload. A crack driving force parameter together with a modified Wheeler model is found to correlate the crack growth experiments well. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalnaus, S.; Fan, F.; Jiang, Y.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM yjiang@unr.edu RI Jiang, Yanyao/H-1816-2012; OI Jiang, Yanyao/0000-0002-1977-4669; Kalnaus, Sergiy/0000-0002-7465-3034; Fan, Feifei/0000-0003-0455-4900 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2002 EP 2019 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.11.002 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 279KL UT WOS:000254354000007 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Kritz-Silverstein, D Slymen, DJ Sallis, JF AF Smith, Tyler C. Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Kritz-Silverstein, Donna Slymen, Donald J. Sallis, James F. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Prior assault and posttraumatic stress disorder after combat deployment SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; VIETNAM VETERANS; MILITARY SERVICE; RISK-FACTORS; TRAUMA EXPOSURE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; US MILITARY; PTSD AB Background: Factors that make people vulnerable to or resilient against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following overwhelming stress are not well understood. The objective of this study was to prospectively examine the relation between prior assault and new-onset PTSD symptoms in a large US military cohort deployed in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods: Data on exposures and health outcomes were collected in the Millennium Cohort study at enrollment (July 2001 to June 2003) and follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006) from over 55,000 participants. Of these, 5324 were deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, reported combat exposures, and were free of PTSD at baseline (881 women and 4443 men). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to model the odds of new-onset PTSD in relation to prior assault. Results: New-onset PTSD symptoms or diagnosis among deployers reporting combat exposures occurred in 22% of women who reported prior assault and 10% not reporting prior assault. Among men reporting prior assault, rates were 12% and 6%, respectively. Adjusting for baseline factors, the odds of new-onset PTSD symptoms was more than 2-fold higher in both women and men who reported assault prior to deployment. Conclusions: Prior assault appears to confer increased vulnerability for, rather than resilience against, PSTD symptoms among military professionals deployed to recent combat operations. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sallis, James F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM tyler.c.smith@med.navy.mil OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31816a9dff PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 293DF UT WOS:000255314400025 PM 18414091 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Molchan, R Soley, L Grady, J Haas, DM AF Stephens, Mark B. Molchan, Ryan Soley, Leah Grady, John Haas, David M. TI Pre-pregnancy fitness levels and delivery outcomes SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Stephens, Mark B.; Molchan, Ryan] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Soley, Leah] USN, Hosp Cherry Point, Havelock, NC USA. [Grady, John] USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Haas, David M.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302NB UT WOS:000255974000006 PM 18465275 ER PT J AU Choi, CH Chen, KJ Vasquez-Weldon, A Jackson, RL Floyd, RA Kopke, RD AF Choi, Chul-Hee Chen, Kejian Vasquez-Weldon, Angelica Jackson, Ronald L. Floyd, Robert A. Kopke, Richard D. TI Effectiveness of 4-hydroxy phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (4-OHPBN) alone and in combination with other antioxidant drugs in the treatment of acute acoustic trauma in chinchilla SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cochlea; acute acoustic trauma; free radical; hearing loss; antioxidant; 4-OHPBN; NAC; ALCAR; auditory brainstem response ID INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; ACETYL-L-CARNITINE; TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFTS; BUTYL-NITRONE PBN; FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGERS; PIG INNER-EAR; NOISE EXPOSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GUINEA-PIG; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION AB Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) results in oxidative stress to the cochlea through overproduction of cellular reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and other free radical species appearing from I It to 10 days after noise exposure. It has been shown that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a glutathione prodrug, and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), a mitochondrial biogenesis agent, are effective in reducing noise-induced hearing loss. Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a nitrone-based free radical trap, appears to suppress oxidative stress in a variety of disorders and several biological models. In this study, we tested whether 4-hydroxy PBN (4-OHPBN), a major metabolite of PBN, administered 4 h after noise exposure is effective in treating noise-induced hearing loss and whether a combination of antioxidant drugs (4-OHPBN plus NAC and 4-OHPBN plus NAC plus ALCAR) provides greater efficacy in attenuating AAT since each agent addresses different injury mechanisms. Chinchilla were exposed to a 105 dB octave-band noise centered at 4 kHz for 6 It. 4-OHPBN and combinations of antioxidant drugs were intraperitoneally administered beginning 4 It after noise exposure. Hearing threshold shifts in auditory brainstem responses and missing outer hair cell counts were obtained. 4-OHPBN reduced threshold shifts in a dose-dependent manner while both drug combinations showed greater effects. These results demonstrate that 4-OHPBN and combinations of antioxidants can effectively treat acute acoustic trauma and drug combinations may increase the effectiveness of treatment and decrease the required individual medication dose. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Chul-Hee; Chen, Kejian; Vasquez-Weldon, Angelica; Floyd, Robert A.; Kopke, Richard D.] Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Expt Therapeut Res Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Chen, Kejian; Kopke, Richard D.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Jackson, Ronald L.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Floyd, Robert A.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. RP Choi, CH (reprint author), Hough Ear Inst, 3400 NW 56th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 USA. EM Chul-Hee.Choi@integrisok.com NR 95 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1772 EP 1784 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.02.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 293OB UT WOS:000255343500008 PM 18328271 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Gumbs, GR Sevick, CJ Smith, TC Ryan, MAK AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Gumbs, Gia R. Sevick, Carter J. Smith, Tyler C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Smallpox vaccination is not associated with infertility in a healthy young adult population SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE infertility; smallpox vaccine; military personnel; reproductive health; vaccination ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; MILITARY POPULATION; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; VIETNAM VETERANS; DUTY ASSIGNMENTS; SEMEN ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE AB Concerns exist regarding reproductive health, including potential infertility, among young adults with military-related occupational exposures. This study evaluated infertility diagnoses in a large population of healthy young adults in relation to prior smallpox vaccination. Using a retrospective cohort design, the population consisted of United States military members eligible for smallpox vaccination in 2003-2004 who had electronic health care utilization records available through at least December 2005. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate infertility among male and female populations separately. Among 253,973 men and 44,332 women included in these analyses, the adjusted odds of infertility diagnoses in those with prior smallpox vaccination were 0.94 [ 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-1.06] and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.94-1.28), respectively. Therefore, no association was found between smallpox vaccination and subsequent infertility diagnoses in either men or women. This study represents the first large epidemiologic investigation of infertility after the smallpox vaccine. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Gumbs, Gia R.; Sevick, Carter J.; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Jacobson@med.navy.mil NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 317DZ UT WOS:000257001200008 PM 18382140 ER PT J AU An, L Boggs, SA Callame, JP AF An, Ling (Annie) Boggs, Steven A. Callame, Jeffrey P. TI Energy storage in polymer films with high dielectric constant fillers SO IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE energy storage; filling ratio; volume fraction; dielectric constant; mixing rules; energy density; percolation threshold; average "extent" ID PERCOLATION C1 [An, Ling (Annie); Boggs, Steven A.] Univ Connecticut, Elect Insulat Res Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Callame, Jeffrey P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP An, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Elect Insulat Res Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0883-7554 J9 IEEE ELECTR INSUL M JI IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1109/MEI.2008.4591430 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 342EO UT WOS:000258767600003 ER PT J AU Alves, FDP Santos, RA Amorim, J Issmael, AK Karunasiri, G AF Alves, Fabio Durante P. Tavares Santos, Ricardo Augusto Amorim, Jayr Issmael, Ali Kamel, Jr. Karunasiri, Gamani TI Widely separate spectral sensitivity quantum well infrared photodetector using interband and intersubband transitions SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE figures of merit; interband transition; intersubband transition; multispectral detection; quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP); shooting method AB Recent commercial and military infrared sensors have demanded multispectral capabilities, high sensitivity and high selectivity, usually found in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). This paper presents the design and characterization of a three-band QWIP capable to detect simultaneously near infrared (NIR), mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR), and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR), using interband and intersubband transitions. Separate readouts provide the flexibility to optimize each band detection by allowing the application of different bias voltages. The quantum well structure was designed using a computational tool developed to solve self-consistently the Schrodinger-Poisson equation with the help of the shooting method. The detector comprises of three different stacks of uncoupled (wide barriers) quantum wells that combine AIGaAs, GaAs, and InGaAs, separated by contact layers, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a GaAs substrate. The spectral responses in all three bands were measured using a standard photocurrent spectroscopy setup with light coupling via a 45 degrees facet. The measured photoresponse showed peaks at 0.84, 5.0, and 8.5 mu m wavelengths with approximately 0.8, 0.03, and 0.12 A/W peak responsivities for NIR, MWIR, and LWIR bands, respectively. A good agreement between the measured and simulated figures of merit shows the possibility to improve and tailor the detector for several applications with low computational effort. Finally, this work has demonstrated the possibility of detection of widely separated wavelength bands using interband and intersubband transitions in quantum wells. C1 [Alves, Fabio Durante P.; Tavares Santos, Ricardo Augusto; Amorim, Jayr; Issmael, Ali Kamel, Jr.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, BR-12228900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alves, FDP (reprint author), Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, BR-12228900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM durante@ita.br; jayr@ita.br RI Amorim, Jayr/M-9794-2014 OI Amorim, Jayr/0000-0002-9250-4681 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5-6 BP 842 EP 848 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2008.923239 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 342CW UT WOS:000258763200061 ER PT J AU Imam, A AF Imam, Ashraf TI The 11th World Conference on Titanium (Ti-2007) SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material AB The International Conference on Titanium was begun in 1968 to assess the national significance attached to the development of titanium in relation to the technical needs of the countries participating in this conference. The conference, held every four years, attracts strong international participants. This article reviews the 11th World Conference on Titanium, hosted by the Japan Institute of Metals and held in Kyoto, Japan, 3-7 June 2007. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ashraf.imam@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2008 VL 60 IS 5 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 297DV UT WOS:000255598200004 ER PT J AU Phillips, WF Hunsaker, DF Niewoehner, RJ AF Phillips, W. F. Hunsaker, D. F. Niewoehner, R. J. TI Estimating the subsonic aerodynamic center and moment components for swept wings SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID LIFTING-LINE ANALYSIS; TWISTED WINGS AB An improved method is presented for estimating the subsonic location of the semispan aerodynamic center of a swept wing and the aerodynamic moment components about that aerodynamic center. The method applies to wings with constant linear taper and constant quarter-chord sweep. The results of a computational fluid dynamics study for 236 wings show that the position of the semispan aerodynamic center of a wing depends primarily on aspect ratio, taper ratio, and quarter-chord sweep angle. Wing aspect ratio was varied from 4.0 to 20, taper ratios from 0.25 to 1.0 were investigated, quarter-chord sweep angles were varied from 0 to 50 deg, and linear geometric washout was varied from -4.0 to +8.0 deg. All wings had airfoil sections from the NACA 4-digit airfoil series with camber varied from 0 to 4% and thickness ranging from 6 to 18%. Within the range of parameters studied, wing camber, thickness, and twist were shown to have no significant effect on the position of the semispan aerodynamic center. The results of this study provide improved resolution of the semispan aerodynamic center and moment components for conceptual design and analysis. C1 [Phillips, W. F.; Hunsaker, D. F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Niewoehner, R. J.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Phillips, WF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.2514/1.33445 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 312RN UT WOS:000256688600027 ER PT J AU Posey, PG Allard, RA Preller, RH Dawson, GM AF Posey, Pamela G. Allard, Richard A. Preller, Ruth H. Dawson, Gretchen M. TI Validation of the global relocatable tide/surge model PCTides SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIDES; TOPEX/POSEIDON; WIND; SEAS AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a global, relocatable, tide/surge forecast system called PCTides. This system was designed in response to a U. S. Navy requirement to rapidly produce tidal predictions anywhere in the world. The system is composed of a two-dimensional barotropic ocean model driven by tidal forcing only or in conjunction with surface wind and pressure forcing. PCTides is unique in its ability to forecast tidal parameters for a user-specified latitude/longitude domain easily and quickly, and is especially useful in areas where observations are nonexistent. PCTides provides short-term (daily to weekly) predictions of water-level elevation and depth-averaged ocean currents. The system has been tested in numerous regions and validated against observations collected in conjunction with several navy exercises. C1 [Posey, Pamela G.; Allard, Richard A.; Preller, Ruth H.; Dawson, Gretchen M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Posey, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322,Bldg 1009,Room C132, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM posey@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 755 EP 775 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO533.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303VM UT WOS:000256069000009 ER PT J AU Burrage, DM Wesson, JC Goodberlet, MA Miller, JL AF Burrage, Derek M. Wesson, Joel C. Goodberlet, Mark A. Miller, Jerry L. TI Optimizing performance of a microwave salinity mapper: STARRS L-band radiometer enhancements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RIVER PLUMES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB Airborne microwave radiometers for salinity remote sensing have advanced to a point where operational surveys can be conducted over the inner continental shelf to observe the evolution of freshwater plumes emanating from rivers and estuaries. To determine seawater microwave emissivity, and hence conductivity and salinity, precisely and accurately demands high instrument sensitivity, stability, and sampling rates; such requirements involve significant design trade-offs. The Salinity, Temperature, and Roughness Remote Scanner (STARRS) was developed to enhance these features relative to existing instruments. The authors describe here key elements of the STARRS design and the results of early performance assessments and deployments. During early deployments, the instrument performed well in areas of moderate to high salinity signal-to-noise ratio, but more homogenous areas revealed band-limited random signal fluctuations on the order of a 6-min period and similar to 1-K amplitude that were of internal origin. Detailed analyses of laboratory and field tests revealed that internal "flicker," or 1/f noise (having spectral roll-off proportional to the reciprocal of frequency f), was the main source of these fluctuations. The instrument was modified to eliminate the random fluctuations and to further enhance sensitivity and stability. Laboratory tests and recent field deployments show that the upgrade improved instrument performance dramatically, to the extent that continental shelf scale areas with relatively homogenous salinity distributions can now be surveyed reliably using STARRS. C1 [Burrage, Derek M.; Wesson, Joel C.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Goodberlet, Mark A.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. [Miller, Jerry L.] Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Burrage, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM burrage@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 776 EP 793 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO461.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303VM UT WOS:000256069000010 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Stahlbush, R Xing, G AF Phillips, Jamie Stahlbush, Robert Xing, Grace TI Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Phillips, Jamie] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stahlbush, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Xing, Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 545 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0388-5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400001 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME AF Picard, Y. N. Liu, K. X. Stahlbush, R. E. Twigg, M. E. TI Imaging surface pits and dislocations in 4H-SiC by forescattered electron detection and photoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 4H-SiC; forescattered electrons; growth pits; surface depressions; photoluminescence; dislocations; epitaxial layers ID JUNCTION DIODES; SCHOTTKY DIODES; GROWTH PITS; DEFECTS; INHOMOGENEITIES; BREAKDOWN AB Forescattered electron detection (FED) was utilized to image surface depressions resulting from threading screw and edge dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. These surface depressions, or growth pits, exhibited two morphology types. Screw and edge dislocations could be imaged by photoluminescence and differentiated by their interactions with propagating partial dislocations (PDs). Correlations between FED and photoluminescence showed that sharp-apex pits 1 mu m in size and strip-shaped pits 500 nm in size could be linked to individual screw and edge dislocations, respectively. Forescattered electron detection demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to image surface features previously resolvable only by atomic force microscopy. This new technique is nondestructive, noncontact, and capable of rapid, spatial mapping of growth pits resulting from threading screw and edge dislocations in SiC epitaxial layers. C1 [Picard, Y. N.; Liu, K. X.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Twigg, M. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0327-x PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400022 ER PT J AU Vanmil, BL Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Vanmil, B. L. Lew, K. K. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. TI Real-time In situ tracking of gas-phase carbon-to-silicon ratio during hot-wall CVD growth of SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; in situ monitoring; SiC; C/Si ratio ID DEPOSITION; ACETYLENE; METHYL AB The carbon-to-silicon ratio influences the background doping level of silicon carbide grown by hot-wall chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure the process composition in the exhaust stream of a HWCVD reactor. The 26 amu mass-to-charge acetylene peak showed the strongest dynamic response to intentional changes in the precursor partial pressure at growth temperature. Methane peaks showed a similar but weaker dynamic response. The acetylene peaks have a direct linear correlation to variations in the propane and silane precursors, and thus can be tracked to give real-time in situ measurement of changes in the C/Si ratio. C1 [Vanmil, B. L.; Lew, K. K.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vanmil, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bvanmil@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0306-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400027 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Twigg, ME Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Picard, Yoosuf N. Twigg, Mark E. Caldwell, Joshua D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Neudeck, Philip G. Trunek, Andrew J. Powell, J. Anthony TI Epitaxial SiC growth morphology and extended defects investigated by electron backscatter diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Electron channeling; backscatter diffraction; 4H-SiC; dislocations; extended defects; atomic steps; polytype ID MICROSCOPE; MESAS; SURFACES AB Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) were employed to investigate epitaxial SiC growth on 4H-SiC mesa structures. SiC polytypes were identified by indexing Kikuchi maps recorded from various points on the mesa surfaces. Orientation contrast was observed between different polytype surfaces using ECCI by forescattered electron detection. Extended defects in 3C-SiC were imaged directly by ECCI. Additionally, the ECCI technique was utilized to correlate dislocations with atomic step morphologies for various mesa surfaces. Evidence of vertical growth enhancement in the form of additional faceting was attributed to the presence of threading screw dislocations at mesa surfaces. Atomic steps were observed very near the edges of some mesa surfaces free of dislocations. C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Twigg, Mark E.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neudeck, Philip G.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Trunek, Andrew J.] OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Powell, J. Anthony] Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0308-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400028 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Stahlbush, RE Hobart, KD AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Hobart, Karl D. TI Influence of temperature on Shockley stacking fault expansion and contraction in SiC PiN diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Silicon carbide; SiC; stacking fault; anneal; propagation; V-f drift forward voltage drift; current-induced recovery; V-f saturation; activation energy; PiN diode; electroluminescence ID I-N-DIODES; DRIFT-FREE; DEFECTS; BIAS AB While Shockley stacking fault (SSF) creation and expansion within 4H-SiC bipolar devices is well known, only recently was it observed that this expansion and the associated increase in the forward voltage drop (V (f)) could be completely reversed via low-temperature annealing. Here we report the temperature dependence of the recovery rate of the V-f drift via annealing, reporting an activation energy of 1.3 +/- 0.3 eV. The V-f drift was observed to saturate following extended electrical stressing, and it was observed that the value of V-f at this saturation was inversely proportional to the stressing temperature. We also observed that SSF and V-f drift recovery could occur in highly stressed diodes at elevated temperatures even under high current injection conditions (14 A/cm(2)). C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 699 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0311-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400029 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zhang, N Dudley, M Caldwell, JD Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Huang, XR Macrander, AT Black, DR AF Chen, Yi Zhang, Ning Dudley, Michael Caldwell, Joshua D. Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Huang, Xianrong Macrander, Albert T. Black, David R. TI Investigation of electron-hole recombination-activated partial dislocations and their behavior in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Electron-hole recombination; partial dislocation; stacking fault; X-ray topography ID I-N-DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE AB Electron-hole recombination-activated partial dislocations in 4H silicon carbide homoepitaxial layers and their behavior have been studied using synchrotron X-ray topography and electroluminescence. Stacking faults whose expansion was activated by electron-hole recombination enhanced dislocation glide were observed to be bounded by partial dislocations, which appear as white stripes or narrow dark lines in back-reflection X-ray topographs recorded using the basal plane reflections. Such contrast variations are attributable to the defocusing/focusing of the diffracted X-rays due to the edge component of the partial dislocations, which creates a convex/concave distortion of the basal planes. Simulation results based on the ray-tracing principle confirm our argument. Observations also indicate that, when an advancing partial dislocation interacts with a threading screw dislocation, a partial dislocation dipole is dragged behind in its wake. This partial dislocation dipole is able to advance regardless of the immobility of the C-core segment. A kink pushing mechanism is introduced to interpret the advancement of this partial dislocation dipole. C1 [Chen, Yi; Zhang, Ning; Dudley, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Liu, Kendrick X.; Stahlbush, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huang, Xianrong; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yichen1@ic.sunysb.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0328-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400030 ER PT J AU Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Lew, KK Myers-Ward, RL Vanmil, BL Gaskill, KD Eddy, CR AF Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Lew, Kok-Keong Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Vanmil, Brenda L. Gaskill, Kurt D. Eddy, Charles R. TI Examination of in-grown stacking faults in 8 degrees- and 4 degrees-offcut 4H-SiC epitaxy by photoluminescence imaging SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photoluminescence (PL); luminescence imaging; in-grown stacking faults; stacking faults; extended defects; SiC; 4H-SiC ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DEFECTS; P(+)/N(-)/N(+) DIODES; PIN DIODES; PERFORMANCE; FILM; 4H; 3C AB Thirty-six large, up to 3-inch-diameter, epitaxial 4H-SiC samples were mapped by photoluminescence imaging. In-grown stacking faults (IGSFs) for both 8 degrees- and 4 degrees-offcut were examined structurally and spectrally. Imaging at various spectral bands revealed different features for IGSFs. For the 8 degrees-offcut, IGSFs possessed two well-defined shapes, while for the 4 degrees-offcut IGSFs appear with a variety of shapes. The difference in IGSF formations between 8 degrees- and 4 degrees-offcut is currently unknown. Screw dislocations displaced the IGSF basal plane, producing line defects that possessed irregular intensity. Rough estimates of the IGSF density were performed over representative regions of the whole wafers with some wafers having < 1 cm(2) while others had >100 cm(-2). Most IGSFs (> 95%) originated at the epilayer/substrate interface, revealed by a small triangle in the buffer layer. Particles were responsible for the few IGSFs formed after the initial growth. The results suggested that pregrowth treatment and initial growth conditions were responsible for forming a majority of the IGSFs. C1 [Liu, Kendrick X.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Lew, Kok-Keong; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Vanmil, Brenda L.; Gaskill, Kurt D.; Eddy, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 730 EP 735 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0406-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400034 ER PT J AU Choi, SR Kowalik, RW AF Choi, Sung R. Kowalik, Robert W. TI Interlaminar crack growth resistances of various ceramic matrix composites in mode I and mode II loading SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; TENSILE; BEHAVIOR; INPLANE AB Interlaminar crack growth resistances were evaluated for five different SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) including three gas-turbine grade melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC composites. Modes I and II crack growth resistances, G(I) and G(II), were determined at ambient temperature using double cantilever beam and end notched flexure methods, respectively. The CMCs exhibited G(I) = 200-500 J/m(2) and GII = 200-900 J/m(2). All the composites (except for one SiC/CAS composite) showed a rising R-curve behavior either in mode I or in mode II, presumably attributed to fiber bridging (in modes I and II) and frictional constraint (mode II) in the wake region of a propagating crack. A glass fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composite showed typically two to three times greater G(I) and eight times greater G(II), compared to the CMCs. An experimental error analysis regarding the effect of the off-the-center of a crack plane on G(I) and G(II) was also made. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Kowalik, Robert W.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 AR 031301 DI 10.1115/1.2800349 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 298EN UT WOS:000255669300001 ER PT J AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. TI Cold engine transient fuel control experiments in a port fuel injected CFR engine SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE mixture preparation; transient fuel control; port fuel injection AB Air-fuel mixture preparation is particularly challenging during cold engine throttle transients due to poor fuel vaporization and transport delays in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. In this study, a PFI cooperative fuels research engine is used to evaluate torque and to measure in-cylinder and exhaust CO, CO(2), and unburned hydrocarbons during throttle transients at various early stages of engine warmup. Fast flame ionization detectors and nondispersive infrared fast CO and CO(2) detectors are used to provide a detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis. Ttorque after cold throttle transients is found to be comparable to steady-state torque due to allowable spark advance. However cold transients produce up to four times the unburned hydrocarbons when compared to steady-state operation. Finally, the x-tau fuel control model is evaluated in this challenging operating regime and is found to provide poor transient fuel control due to excessive fueling. C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.] USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ljhamilt@usna.edu; cowart@usna.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2008 VL 130 IS 3 AR 032812 DI 10.1115/1.2830865 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 298EN UT WOS:000255669300032 ER PT J AU Hamilton, LJ Kedzierski, MA Kaul, MP AF Hamilton, L. J. Kedzierski, M. A. Kaul, M. P. TI Horizontal convective boiling of pure and mixed refrigerants within a micro-fin tube SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE enhanced heat transfer; micro-fin; refrigerant mixtures; fluid heating; boiling ID EVAPORATION HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-DROP; TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; CONDENSATION; HFC134A; HFC125; HFC32 AB This paper presents local convective boiling measurements in a micro-fin tube** for four pure refrigerants: R22, R32, R125, and R134a; and four refrigerant mixtures: R410B (R32/125, 45/55% mass), R32/RI34a (27/73% and 30/70% mass), and R407C (R32/125/134a, 25/23/52% mass). All testing was conducted using a counterflow water-heated horizontal 9.5 mm (Do) U-tube with helical micro-fins. Saturation temperatures ranged from 274.5 K to 293.6 K. Flow boiling heat transfer coefficients for the mixtures' pure components and R22 were measured to establish a baseline for the heat transfer degradation calculations. The measured convective boiling Nusselt numbers for all of the test refrigerants were correlated to a single expression consisting of a product of dimensionless properties valid for mass ve2 2 locities ranging from 70 kg/m. s to 370 kg/m s and for vapor qualities between 0 and 0.7. These measurements were within 20% of the new correlation predictions for 94.6% and 87.3% of the pure refrigerant and mixed refrigerant measurements, respectively. The correlation was shown to predict some existing data from the literature to within 20%. The degradation in heat transfer performance of the mixtures was found to range from 1% to 50% for all refrigerants tested. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamilton, L. J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kaul, M. P.] Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA 24202 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.kedzierski@nist.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v15.i3.30 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 329RU UT WOS:000257889100003 ER PT J AU Gong, Q Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Gong, Qi Fahroo, Fariba Ross, I. Michael TI Spectral algorithm for pseudospectral methods in optimal control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS; CONSTRAINED OPTIMAL-CONTROL; OPTIMIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; CONVERGENCE AB Recent convergence results with pseudospectral methods are exploited to design a robust, multigrid, spectral algorithm for computing optimal controls. The design of the algorithm is based on using the pseudospectral differentiation matrix to locate switches, kinks, corners, and other discontinuities that are typical when solving practical optimal control problems. The concept of pseudospectral knots and Gaussian quadrature rules are used to generate a natural spectral mesh that is dense near the points of interest. Several stopping criteria are developed based on new error-estimation formulas and Jackson's theorem. The sequence is terminated when all of the convergence criteria are satisfied. Numerical examples demonstrate the key concepts proposed in the design of the spectral algorithm. Although a vast number of theoretical and algorithmic issues still remain open, this paper advances pseudospectral methods along several new directions and outlines the current theoretical pitfalls in computation and control. C1 [Gong, Qi] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Fahroo, Fariba] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM qi.gong@utsa.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu NR 50 TC 45 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.2514/1.32908 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 298OY UT WOS:000255698200002 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Kuang, WJ AF Lin, Ray-Qing Kuang, Weijia TI Modeling nonlinear roll damping with a self-consistent, strongly nonlinear ship motion model SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE roll motion; damping; numerical model ID WAVE-BODY INTERACTIONS; PART 1 AB Appropriate modeling of roll damping is one of the key issues in accurately predicting ship roll motion. The difficulties in modeling roll damping arise from the nonlinear nature of the phenomena. In this study, we report a new effort in modeling the bilge keel roll damping effect based on the blocking mechanisms of an object in the potential flow. This effect can be implemented as a component of appropriate ship motion models. We used our digital, self-consistent, ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL) ship motion model to test its effectiveness in predicting ship roll motion. Our numerical experiment demonstrated clearly that the implementation of this roll damping component improves significantly the accuracy of numerical model results (the results were compared with ship experiment data from the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, Maneuvering and Seakeeping Facility). C1 [Lin, Ray-Qing] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kuang, Weijia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, 9500 McArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM Ray.Lin@navy.mil RI Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012 OI Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0948-4280 J9 J MAR SCI TECH-JAPAN JI J. Mar. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00773-007-0262-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 307MN UT WOS:000256323100004 ER PT J AU Galarneau, MR Woodruff, SI Dye, JL Mohrle, CR Wade, AL AF Galarneau, Michael R. Woodruff, Susan I. Dye, Judy L. Mohrle, Charlene R. Wade, Amber L. TI Traumatic brain injury during operation Iraqi freedom: findings from the United States Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry; operation Iraqi freedom; traumatic brain injury ID MILITARY MEDICAL SYSTEM; SEVERITY SCORE; BATTLEFIELD; CARE AB Object. The purpose of this study was to characterize traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among military personnel (primarily Marines) during the second phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom from early in the medical care chain of evacuation through Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, a Level 4 American hospital in Germany. Methods. Data were obtained from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry (CTR) and included both battle and nonbattle injuries. Follow-up of patients with TBI was conducted to examine the short-term medical and personnel-related effects of TBI among those surviving. Results. Those injured in battle were more likely than those not injured in battle to have multiple TBI diagnoses, a greater number of all diagnoses, more severe TBIs, and to be medically evacuated. Intracranial injuries (for example, concussions) were the predominant type of TBI, although skull fractures and open head wounds were also seen. Improvised explosive devices were the most common cause of TBIs among battle injuries; blunt trauma and motor vehicle crashes were the most common causes among nonbattle injuries. Short-term follow-up of surviving patients with TBI indicated higher morbidity and medical utilization among the patients with more severe TBI, although mental conditions were higher among patients with milder TBI. Conclusions. Data from the Navy-Marine Corps CTR provide useful information about combatants' TBIs identified early in the combat casualty process. Results may improve clinical care for those affected and suggest strategies for The CTR staff plans to conduct additional follow-up studies of this group of patients with TBI. C1 [Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Hlt Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Miss Support, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Woodruff, Susan I.; Dye, Judy L.; Mohrle, Charlene R.; Wade, Amber L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, Hlth Res & Appl Technol Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galarneau, MR (reprint author), USN, Hlt Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Miss Support, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM michael.galarneau@med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 108 IS 5 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.3171/JNS/2008/108/5/0950 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 293RE UT WOS:000255351600008 PM 18447712 ER PT J AU Schulz, DL Lutfurakhmanov, A Maya, B Sandstrom, J Bunzow, D Qadri, SB Bao, RQ Chrisey, DB Caruso, AN AF Schulz, Douglas L. Lutfurakhmanov, Artur Maya, Bret Sandstrom, Joseph Bunzow, David Qadri, Syed B. Bao, Ruqiang Chrisey, Douglas B. Caruso, A. N. TI Characterization of a-B5C : H prepared by PECVD of orthocarborane: Results of preliminary FTIR and nuclear reaction analysis studies SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Univ Toledo, PVIC, NREL, United Solar, Forschungszentrum Julich, Hewlett Packard, OptiSolar, PARC, Sanyo, Sharp DE chemical vapor deposition; FTIR measurements ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB The electronic properties of a-Si:H vary with hydrogen passivation of dangling bond defects. It appears this effect is also operative in semiconducting amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a-B5C:H). Therefore, the ability to quantify the amount of hydrogen will be key to development of the materials science of a-B5C:H. The results of an initial investigation probing the ability to quickly correlate hydrogen concentration in a-B5C:H films with infrared spectroscopy are reported. a-B5C:H thin films were growth on Si (111) substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using sublimed orthocarborane and argon as the precursor gas. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was performed to quantify the atomic concentration of H in the a-B5C:H films. While the observed vibronic structure does not show stretches due to terminal C-H or bridging B-H-B, analysis of the terminal B-H stretch at similar to 2570 cm(-1) gives a proportionality constant of A = 2 x 10(22) cm(-2). We conclude that the methods previously developed for correlating H concentration to infrared data in a-Si:H are similarly viable for a-B5C:H films. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schulz, Douglas L.; Lutfurakhmanov, Artur; Maya, Bret; Sandstrom, Joseph; Bunzow, David; Chrisey, Douglas B.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Schulz, Douglas L.; Lutfurakhmanov, Artur] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bao, Ruqiang; Chrisey, Douglas B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Caruso, A. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Schulz, DL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM doug.schulz@ndsu.edu RI Bao, Ruqiang/E-4402-2011 OI Bao, Ruqiang/0000-0001-6805-3393 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 19-25 BP 2369 EP 2371 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.10.077 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 310AD UT WOS:000256500400067 ER PT J AU Mawyin, JA Chawda, SG Halada, GP Clayton, CR Tonucci, RJ Fortmann, CM AF Mawyin, J. A. Chawda, S. G. Halada, G. P. Clayton, C. R. Tonucci, R. J. Fortmann, C. M. TI Substrate engineering for high efficiency thin film solar cells SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Univ Toledo, PVIC, NREL, United Solar, Forschungszentrum Julich, Hewlett Packard, OptiSolar, PARC, Sanyo, Sharp DE solar cells; photovoltaics; luminescence; up-conversion; phosphors ID UP-CONVERSION AB The design considerations for a spectra modifying, light scattering layer for amorphous silicon solar cells were investigated. Efficient commercially available phosphors absorb one near IR photon and one near UV photon and emit one photon in the visible spectrum. Thereby such phosphors offer the possibility to convert two poorly utilized portions of the solar spectrum to photons that are converted to electric energy with high quantum efficiency in amorphous silicon-based solar cells. Large band gap, conductive, a-SiC:H and a-SiN:H are attractive matrices for phosphors as scattered light and emitted photons are thereby directed towards the underlying solar cell structure. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fortmann, C. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mawyin, J. A.; Chawda, S. G.; Halada, G. P.; Clayton, C. R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tonucci, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fortmann, CM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM fortmann@ams.sunysb.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 19-25 BP 2492 EP 2494 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncryso1.2007.09.109 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 310AD UT WOS:000256500400093 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T Roundy, PE Kiladis, GN AF Shinoda, Toshiaki Roundy, Paul E. Kiladis, George N. TI Variability of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; INDIAN OCEANS; EL-NINO; SURFACE FLUXES; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; CYCLE AB Previous observational work has demonstrated that the phase speed of oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves forced by the Madden - Julian oscillation (MJO) appears to vary substantially. Processes that are responsible for systematic changes in the phase speed of these waves are examined using an ocean general circulation model. The model was integrated for 26 yr with daily wind stress derived from the NCEP - NCAR reanalysis. The model is able to reproduce observed systematic changes of Kelvin wave phase speed reasonably well, providing a tool for the analysis of their dynamics. The relative importance of the upper ocean background state and atmospheric forcing for phase speed changes is determined based on a series of model experiments with various surface forcings. Systematic changes in phase speed are evident in all model experiments that have different slowly varying basic states, showing that variations of the upper ocean background state are not the primary cause of the changes. The model experiments that include and exclude intraseasonal components of wind stress in the eastern Pacific demonstrate that wind stress changes to the east of the date line can significantly alter the speed of Kelvin waves initially generated over the western Pacific, which often results in a phase propagation faster than the free wave speed. These faster waves contribute to the systematic changes of phase speed evident in observations. Similar results are also obtained using a linear stratified model, eliminating nonlinearity as a possible cause of the phase speed changes. C1 [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Kiladis, George N.] CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM toshiaki.shinoda@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 921 EP 944 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3815.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 302FR UT WOS:000255954700001 ER PT J AU Tender, LM Gray, SA Groveman, E Lowy, DA Kauffman, P Melhado, J Tyce, RC Flynn, D Petrecca, R Dobarro, J AF Tender, Leonard M. Gray, Sam A. Groveman, Ethan Lowy, Daniel A. Kauffman, Peter Melhado, Julio Tyce, Robert C. Flynn, Darren Petrecca, Rose Dobarro, Joe TI The first demonstration of a microbial fuel cell as a viable power supply: Powering a meteorological buoy SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE benthic; microbial; fuel cell; marine; sediment ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; HARVESTING ENERGY; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; DEEP; SEA AB DHere we describe the first demonstration of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) as a practical alternative to batteries for a low-power consuming application. The specific application reported is a meteorological buoy (ca. 18-mW average consumption) that measures air temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and water temperature, and that is configured for real-time line-of-sight RF telemetry of data. The specific type of MFC utilized in this demonstration is the benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC). The BMFC operates on the bottom of marine environments, where it oxidizes organic matter residing in oxygen depleted sediment with oxygen in overlying water. It is maintenance free, does not deplete (i.e., will run indefinitely), and is sufficiently powerful to operate a wide range of low-power marine-deployed scientific instruments normally powered by batteries. Two prototype BMFCs used to power the buoy are described. The first was deployed in the Potomac River in Washington, DC, USA. It had a mass of 230 kg, a volume of 1.3 m(3), and sustained 24 mW (energy equivalent of ca. 16 alkaline D-cells per year at 25 degrees C). Although not practical due to high cost and extensive in-water manipulation required to deploy, it established the precedence that a fully functional scientific instrument could derive all of its power from a BMFC. It also provided valuable lessons for developing a second, more practical BMFC that was subsequently used to power the buoy in a salt marsh near Tuckerton, NJ, USA. The second version BMFC has a mass of 16 kg, a volume of 0.03 m(3), sustains ca. 36 mW (energy equivalent of ca. 26 alkaline D-cells per year at 25 degrees C), and can be deployed by a single person from a small craft with minimum or no in-water manipulation. This BMFC is being further developed to reduce cost and enable greater power output by electrically connecting multiple units in parallel. Use of this BMFC powering the meteorological buoy highlights the potential impact of BMFCs to enable long term (persistent) operation of durable low-power marine instruments (up to 100 mW average power consumption) far longer than practical by batteries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tender, Leonard M.; Gray, Sam A.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Groveman, Ethan] Milburn High Sch, Millburn, NJ 07041 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Kauffman, Peter] NW Metasyst Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Melhado, Julio] Neptune Sci, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. [Tyce, Robert C.; Flynn, Darren] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Petrecca, Rose; Dobarro, Joe] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Tender@nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 18 TC 170 Z9 183 U1 8 U2 110 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 179 IS 2 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.123 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 292XR UT WOS:000255299900018 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Jo, JC AF Kwon, Y. W. Jo, J. C. TI 3D modeling of fluid-structure interaction with external flow using coupled LBM and FEM SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE fluid-structure interaction; finite element method; lattice Boltzmann method; three-dimensional analysis ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; UNDERWATER SHOCK; FORMULATION; GAS AB Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction was modeled using the coupled lattice Boltzmann and finite element methods. The latter technique was applied to model a structural behavior while the former was used to model a fluid field. For computationally efficient modeling of an external flow over embedded pipes with their interaction, the pipes were modeled using 3D beam elements rather than shell elements. This paper presented an algorithm on how to couple 3D beam elements with the lattice Boltzmann grids so that the fluid-structure interaction could be properly modeled at the outer surfaces of the pipes. Some numerical examples were analyzed using the developed technique, and the fluid-structure interaction characteristics were examined through the examples. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jo, J. C.] Korea Inst Nucl Safety, Taejon 305338, South Korea. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1115/1.2892027 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 305RY UT WOS:000256196700006 ER PT J AU Biggs, RL Magann, EF O'Boyle, JD AF Biggs, R. Lee Magann, Everett F. O'Boyle, John D. TI Concurrent interstitial ectopic pregnancy and appendicitis - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE appendicitis; interstitial ectopic pregnancy; interstitial pregnancy AB BACKGROUND: Concurrent ectopic pregnancy and acute appendicitis is rarely encountered. Since 1960, only 22 cases have been reported. No case of concurrent interstitial ectopic pregnancy and appendicitis has ever been reported. CASE: A 24-year-old, African American woman, gravida 4, para 3, had a right interstitial ectopic pregnancy. She was managed as an inpatient with parenteral methotrexate and her beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level decreased appropriately. She was discharged 3 days after treatment but subsequently returned with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. The patient underwent laparoscopy with removal of a suppurative appendix. A stable interstitial ectopic pregnancy was visualized and left in situ. CONCLUSION: The discipline to consider concomitant abdominal pathology is paramount. The perceived rarity of an ectopic pregnancy and appendicitis should not obscure a thorough clinical evaluation. C1 [Biggs, R. Lee] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Biggs, RL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM richard.biggs@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 305DI UT WOS:000256157600015 PM 18567288 ER PT J AU Kelln, BM McKeon, PO Gontkof, LM Hertel, J AF Kelln, Brent M. McKeon, Patrick O. Gontkof, Lauren M. Hertel, Jay TI Hand-held dynamometry: Reliability of lower extremity muscle testing in healthy, physically active, young adults SO JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID KNEE EXTENSION STRENGTH; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; REFERENCE VALUES; BREAK TESTS; HIP; HOME AB Context. Hand-held dynamometry (HHD) has been shown to be a reliable, objective way to obtain strength measurements in elderly and physically impaired subjects. Objective: To estimate the intratester, intertester, and intersession reliability of HHD testing of lower extremity movements in young, healthy subjects. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Sports medicine laboratory. Participants: Nine males and eleven females (Mean age = 26 years). Measurements: Strength measures of 11 right lower extremity movements were taken by 3 different testers on 2 separate days using a HHD. Results: Intratester ICC range was .77 to .97 with SEM range of .01 to .44 kg. Mean intertester ICC range was .65 to .87 with SEM range of. 11 to 1.05 kg. Mean intersession ICC range was .62 to .92 with SEM range of .01 to .83 kg. Conclusions: HHD has the potential to be a reliable tool for strength measurements in healthy, strong subjects; however, there are noteworthy limitations with movements where subjects can overpower the testers. C1 [Kelln, Brent M.; McKeon, Patrick O.; Gontkof, Lauren M.; Hertel, Jay] Univ Virginia, Dept Kinesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Kelln, BM (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin, Honolulu, HI USA. EM bkelln@hawaii.rr.com OI McKeon, Patrick/0000-0003-4250-6141 NR 32 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 18 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1056-6716 EI 1543-3072 J9 J SPORT REHABIL JI J. Sport Rehabil. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 301HO UT WOS:000255887200006 PM 18515915 ER PT J AU Branstetter, BK Finneran, JJ Houser, DS AF Branstetter, Brian K. Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. TI Frequency and level dependent masking of the multiple auditory steady-state response in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-FOLLOWING RESPONSE; ONE PURE-TONE; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; LATERAL SUPPRESSION; HEARING THRESHOLDS; BASILAR-MEMBRANE; FILTER SHAPES; STIMULI; SYSTEM; COHERENCE AB The potential for interactions between steady-state evoked responses to simultaneous auditory stimuli was investigated in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Three experiments were conducted using either a probe stimulus (probe condition) or a probe in the presence of a masker (probe-plus-masker condition). In the first experiment, the probe and masker were sinusoidal amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones. Probe and masker frequencies and masker level were manipulated to provide variable masking conditions. Probe frequencies were 31.7, 63.5, 100.8, and 127.0 kHz. The second experiment was identical to the first except only the 63.5 kHz probe was used and maskers were pure tones. For the third experiment, thresholds were measured for the probe and probe-plus-masker conditions using two techniques, one based on the lowest detectable response and the other based on a regression analysis. Results demonstrated localized masking effects where lower frequency maskers suppressed higher frequency probes and higher amplitude maskers produced a greater masking effect. The pattern of pure tone masking was nearly identical to SAM tone masking. The two threshold estimates were similar in low masking conditions, but in high masking conditions the lowest detectable response tended to overestimate thresholds while the regression-based analysis tended to underestimate thresholds. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Branstetter, Brian K.; Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Branstetter, BK (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM branstet@hawaii.edu OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2928 EP 2935 DI 10.1121/1.2896753 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 301FE UT WOS:000255881000048 PM 18529209 ER PT J AU Magliula, E AF Magliula, Elizabeth TI Flexural wave dispersion in orthotropic plates with heavy fluid loading SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Orthotropic plates support flexural waves with wavenumbers that depend on their angle of propagation. The present work investigates the effect of fluid loading on this angular dependence, and finds that the effect is relatively small for typical composite plate materials in contact with water. This finding results from an analytical model of the fluid-loaded plate, in which the plate is modeled by classical laminated plate theory and the fluid is modeled as an ideal acoustic fluid. The resulting dispersion relation is a tenth-order polynomial in the flexural wavenumber. Direct numerical solution, as well as analysis at frequencies below coincidence, reveals that the angular dependence of wavenumber is magnified but not significantly distorted by the addition of fluid loading. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Magliula, Elizabeth] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. [Magliula, Elizabeth] Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Magliula, E (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM magliulaea@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP E116 EP E120 DI 10.1121/1.2896104 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 301FE UT WOS:000255881000052 PM 18529085 ER PT J AU Wei, Z Deshpande, VS Evans, AG Dharmasena, KP Queheillalt, DT Wadley, HNG Murty, YV Elzey, RK Dudt, P Chen, Y Knight, D Kiddy, K AF Wei, Z. Deshpande, V. S. Evans, A. G. Dharmasena, K. P. Queheillalt, D. T. Wadley, H. N. G. Murty, Y. V. Elzey, R. K. Dudt, P. Chen, Y. Knight, D. Kiddy, K. TI The resistance of metallic plates to localized impulse SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metallic sandwich panels; triangular honeycomb core; doubly-corrugated core; DYSMAS-ABAQUS simulation; fluid/structure interaction ID SANDWICH PLATES; STAINLESS-STEEL; PANELS; RANGE; BLAST AB The responses of metallic plates and sandwich panels to localized impulse are examined by using a dynamic plate test protocol supported by simulations. The fidelity of the simulation approach is assessed by comparing predictions of the deformations of a strong-honeycomb-core panel with measurements. The response is interpreted by comparing and contrasting the deformations with those experienced by the same sandwich panel (and an equivalent solid plate) subjected to a planar impulse. Comparisons based on the center point displacement reveal the following paradox. The honeycomb panel is superior to a solid plate when subjected to a planar impulse, but inferior when localized. The insights gained from an interpretation of these results are used to demonstrate that a new design with a doubly-corrugated soft core outperforms solid plates both for planar and localized impulses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wei, Z.; Evans, A. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Deshpande, V. S.; Evans, A. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dharmasena, K. P.; Queheillalt, D. T.; Wadley, H. N. G.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Murty, Y. V.; Elzey, R. K.] Cellular Mat Int Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dudt, P.; Chen, Y.; Knight, D.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kiddy, K.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wei, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM zhensong@engr.ucsb.edu RI Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013 OI Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573 NR 16 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2074 EP 2091 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2007.10.010 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 300DZ UT WOS:000255805800019 ER PT J AU Rice, J Philbin, N Light, R Arnaud, F Steinbach, T McGwin, G Collier, S Malkevich, N Moon-Massatt, P Rentko, V Pearce, LB Ahlers, S McCarron, R Handrigan, M Freilich, D AF Rice, Jennifer Philbin, Nora Light, Rick Arnaud, Francoise Steinbach, Thomas McGwin, Gerry Collier, Sarah Malkevich, Nina Moon-Massatt, Paula Rentko, Virginia Pearce, L. Bruce Ahlers, Stephen McCarron, Richard Handrigan, Michael Freilich, Daniel TI The effects of decreasing low-molecular weight hemoglobin components of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in swine with hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier; tetrameric hemoglobin; hemorrhage; swine; vasoactivity; blood pressure ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; BOVINE POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; TARGETED O-2 DELIVERY; NITRIC-OXIDE; DELAYED EVACUATION; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; LIVER-INJURY; VASCULAR-RESPONSE; HETASTARCH HEX AB Background: Some hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) improve outcome in animal models of hemorrhagic shock (HS) in comparison with standard asanguinous resuscitation fluids. Nevertheless, concern about intrinsic vasoactivity, linked in part to low-molecular weight (MW) hemoglobin (Hb), has slowed HBOC development. We assessed the impact of decreasing the low-MW Hb component of bovine HBOC on vasoactivity in severe HS. Methods: Anesthetized invasively monitored swine were hemorrhaged 55% blood volume and resuscitated with bovine HBOC containing 31% (31 TD [HBOC-301]),2% (2 TD [HBOC-201]), or 0.4% (0.4 TD) low-MW Hb. Pigs received four 10 mL/kg infusions over 60 minutes, hospital arrival was simulated at 75 minutes, organ blood flow (BF) was evaluated by microsphere injection, and monitoring was continued for 4 hours followed by complete necrotic evaluation. Results: . There were few differences between 2 TD and 0.4 TD. Thirty-one TD pigs had higher systemic and pulmonary blood pressure (BP), systemic vascular resistance index, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, compared with 2 TD or 0.4 TD (p < 0.01); however, pigs in all groups had at least mildly elevated BP. Transcutaneous tissue oxygenation, base excess, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were similar across groups; lactate and methemoglobin were highest with 0.4 TD (p < 0.03). There were no group differences in BE Over time, myocardial BF increased and hepatic BF decreased in all groups (for 31 TD, p < 0.05); renal BF was unchanged in all groups. There were no group differences in heart, lung, or liver histopathology, and survival. Conclusions: Although purification from 31% to 2 % low-MW Rb content significantly decreased vasoactive responses, further purification to 0.4% had no additional clinically measurable effects in severe HS. If further diminution in HBOC vasoactivity is desired for use in HS, additional technical approaches may be required. C1 [Rice, Jennifer; Philbin, Nora; Arnaud, Francoise; Collier, Sarah; Malkevich, Nina; Ahlers, Stephen; McCarron, Richard; Handrigan, Michael; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Light, Rick; Moon-Massatt, Paula; Rentko, Virginia; Pearce, L. Bruce] Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Steinbach, Thomas] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGwin, Gerry] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Freilich, D (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM daniel.freilich@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2008 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1240 EP 1257 DI 10.1097/TA.0013618058245e PG 18 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 301SH UT WOS:000255915400019 PM 18469646 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Larrabee, DC Nolde, JA Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Larrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infrared interband cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Two ten-stage interband cascade laser structures were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The wafers were processed into both broad-area ridges for threshold characterization and Au-electroplated narrow ridges for high-temperature cw operation. Pulsed threshold current densities in the broad-area devices were as low as 3.8 A/cm(2) at 78 K and 590 A/cm(2) at 300 K. An 11-mu m-wide ridge exhibited a new maximum cw operating temperature of 288 K at lambda=4.1 mu m. An even longer-wavelength device emitted at 5.1 mu m with a maximum cw operating temperature of 229 K. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Larrabee, D. C.; Nolde, J. A.; Bewley, W. W.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1160 EP 1162 DI 10.1116/1.2884733 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 307FO UT WOS:000256304600054 ER PT J AU Steen, AD Hamdan, LJ Arnosti, C AF Steen, Andrew D. Hamdan, Leila J. Arnosti, Carol TI Dynamics of dissolved carbohydrates in the Chesapeake Bay: Insights from enzyme activities, concentrations, and microbial metabolism SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSIS RATES; NEUTRAL SUGARS POLYSACCHARIDES; ORGANIC-MATTER; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; ESTUARINE GRADIENT; SALINITY GRADIENT; DELAWARE ESTUARY; POTOMAC RIVER; CARBON AB The interactions between heterotrophic microbes and high-molecular- weight ( HMW) dissolved organic carbon in estuaries are complex and poorly understood. This study examined the coupling between hydrolysis of HMW carbohydrates ( polysaccharides) and uptake of monosaccharides by bacterioplankton along a salinity gradient in the Chesapeake Bay water column and nearby coastal waters in order to evaluate the potential importance of polysaccharides as a carbon source for the estuarine microbial loop. We measured the rates of enzymatic hydrolysis of six polysaccharides ( arabinogalactan, chondroitin sulfate, fucoidin, laminarin, pullulan, and xylan) as well as total carbohydrate and monosaccharide concentrations, bacterioplankton abundance, and monosaccharide assimilation rates. Enzymatic hydrolysis rates were sufficiently rapid to produce on a daily basis 40-62% of the monosaccharides present in Chesapeake Bay surface waters but a lower percentage (23%) of monosaccharides present in surface water on the continental shelf. Rates of both monosaccharide assimilation and polysaccharide hydrolysis were markedly lower on the continental shelf than in the Chesapeake Bay. These measurements suggest that at the time of sampling, polysaccharides in the Chesapeake Bay were rapidly recycled, while rates of cycling were considerably slower on the nearby continental shelf. In contrast to the apparently rapid turnover of bulk polysaccharides, hydrolysis of two polysaccharides, pullulan and chondroitin sulfate, was essentially undetectable, implying that those substrates would be unavailable to the microbial communities sampled on a timescale of 10 d. C1 [Steen, Andrew D.; Arnosti, Carol] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Hamdan, Leila J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steen, AD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM asteen@email.unc.edu RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009; Steen, Andrew/A-4152-2011 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729; NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0936 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZO UT WOS:000256498900006 ER PT J AU Hoch, MP Dillon, KS Coffin, RB Cifuentes, LA AF Hoch, Matthew. P. Dillon, Kevin S. Coffin, Richard B. Cifuentes, Luis A. TI Sensitivity of bacterioplankton nitrogen metabolism to eutrophication in sub-tropical coastal waters of Key West, Florida SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; Florida keys; Eutrophication; glutamine synthetase; nitrogen ID CORAL-REEF WATERS; INTRACELLULAR AMINO-ACIDS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; LEUCINE INCORPORATION; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; INORGANIC NUTRIENTS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; MARINE-BACTERIA AB Expression of intracellular ammonium assimilation enzymes were used to assess the response of nitrogen (N) metabolism in bacterioplankton to N-loading of sub-tropical coastal waters of Key West, Florida. Specific activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and total glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH(T)) were measured on the bacterial size fraction (< 0.8 mu m) to assess N-deplete versus N-replete metabolic states, respectively. Enzyme results were compared to concentrations of dissolved organic matter and nutrients and to the biomass and production of phytoplankton and bacteria. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved organic N (DON), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) positively correlated with specific activities of GDH(T) and negatively correlated with that of GS. Total dissolved N (TDN) concentration explained 81% of variance in bacterioplankton GDH(T):GS activity ratio. The GDH(T):GS ratio, TDN, DOC, and bacterial parameters decreased in magnitude along a tidally dynamic trophic gradient from north of Key West to south at the reef tract, which is consistent with the combined effects of localized coastal eutrophication and tidal exchange of seawater from the Southwest Florida Shelf and Florida Strait. The N-replete bacterioplankton north of Key West can regenerate ammonium which sustains primary production transported south to the reef. The range in GDH(T):GS ratios was 5-30 times greater than that for commonly used indicators of planktonic eutrophication, which emphasizes the sensitivity of bacterioplankton N-metabolism to changes in N-bioavailability caused by nutrient pollution in sub-tropical coastal waters and utility of GDH(T):GS ratio as an bioindicator of N-replete conditions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoch, Matthew. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, York, PA 17403 USA. [Dillon, Kevin S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Coffin, Richard B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cifuentes, Luis A.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hoch, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 1031 Edgecomb Ave, York, PA 17403 USA. EM mph13@psu.edu NR 70 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 913 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.030 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 313AM UT WOS:000256713500022 PM 18331746 ER PT J AU Phillips, CR Hattendorf, JB Beall, TR AF Phillips, Carla Rahn Hattendorf, John B. Beall, Thomas R. TI The sinking of the Galleon San Jose on 8 June 1708: An exercise in historical detective work SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Article C1 [Phillips, Carla Rahn] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hattendorf, John B.] USN, War Coll, Maritime Hist Dept, Newport, RI USA. [Beall, Thomas R.] USN, Surface Warfare Officers Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Phillips, CR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD MAY PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 176 EP 187 PG 12 WC History SC History GA 304KZ UT WOS:000256109700004 ER PT J AU Tewell, B AF Tewell, Barbara TI Coordinated by Kathleen Leask Capitulo, DNSc, RN, FAAN SO MCN-THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-CHILD NURSING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tewell, B (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0361-929X J9 MCN-AM J MATERN-CHIL JI MCN-Am. J. Matern.-Child Nurs. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.1097/01.NMC.0000318347.62740.70 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 296OQ UT WOS:000255556100003 PM 18453902 ER PT J AU Hascall, JL Heaney, JH Cowan, CL Miller, PW Hodgdon, JA AF Hascall, Jessie L. Heaney, Jay H. Cowan, Courtney L. Miller, Paul W. Hodgdon, James A. TI Physiological Effect of the RTX During Exercise in the Heat SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hascall, Jessie L.; Heaney, Jay H.; Cowan, Courtney L.; Miller, Paul W.; Hodgdon, James A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S237 EP S237 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322513.32689.be PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902272 ER PT J AU Hodgdon, J Terry, J Hascall, J Heaney, J AF Hodgdon, James Terry, Jeffrey Hascall, Jessie Heaney, Jay TI Evaluation of an Oscillating Foil Device Using Energy Expenditure SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hodgdon, James; Terry, Jeffrey; Hascall, Jessie; Heaney, Jay] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S237 EP S237 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322514.32689.70 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902273 ER PT J AU Markham, AE Padilla, GA Reis, JP Drummond, S Kim, HW Dial-Ward, M Mujica-Parodi, LR Taylor, MK AF Markham, Amanda E. Padilla, Genieleah A. Reis, Jared P. Drummond, Sean Kim, Hyung W. Dial-Ward, Mike Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Taylor, Marcus K. TI Relationships Between Aerobic Fitness and Limbic Function in Military Men SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Markham, Amanda E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Taylor, Marcus K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, CA USA. [Drummond, Sean] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Kim, Hyung W.; Dial-Ward, Mike] Fleet Aviat Specialized Operat Training Grp Pacif, San Diego, CA USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM amanda.markham@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S89 EP S89 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321835.15725.1c PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901343 ER PT J AU Rauh, MJ Macera, CA Schmied, EA Han, PP Trone, DW Shaffer, RA AF Rauh, Mitchell J. Macera, Caroline A. Schmied, Emily A. Han, Peggy P. Trone, Daniel W. Shaffer, Richard A. TI Prevalence and Correlates of Menstrual Irregularity Among Female Marine Corps Recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rauh, Mitchell J.; Macera, Caroline A.; Schmied, Emily A.; Han, Peggy P.; Trone, Daniel W.; Shaffer, Richard A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM mrauh@rmuohp.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S232 EP S232 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000322496.41274.da PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070902255 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Markham, AE Reis, JP Padilla, GA Potterat, EG Drummond, S Mujica-Parodi, LR AF Taylor, Marcus K. Markham, Amanda E. Reis, Jared P. Padilla, Genieleah A. Potterat, Eric G. Drummond, Sean Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. TI Physical Fitness Influences Stress Reactions To Extreme Military Training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Markham, Amanda E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Reis, Jared P.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Potterat, Eric G.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Drummond, Sean] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 SU S BP S18 EP S18 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000321522.42150.fa PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KI UT WOS:000208070901068 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Jordan, KA Geltmacher, AB AF Lewis, A. C. Jordan, K. A. Geltmacher, A. B. TI Determination of critical microstructural features in an austenitic stainless steel using image-based finite element modeling SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Necleation and Critical Nuclei during Fires-Order Diffusional Phase Transformations CY OCT 15-19, 2006 CL Cincinnati, OH ID COMPOSITES AB Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) image-based finite element (FE) modeling and scientific visualization techniques were employed to determine the critical microstructural features that control mechanical behavior in a commercial austenitic stainless steel, AL-6XN. Two-dimensional FE meshes were generated using microstructural images obtained from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and three-dimensional meshes were generated from microstructural reconstructions created using serial-sectioning techniques and EBSD. Image-based FE simulations were run using anisotropic elasticity. The 2-D simulations revealed that higher local elastic stresses are produced near grain boundaries than at grain interiors for various loading conditions. Under normal uniaxial loading conditions, higher stresses were observed at faceted grain boundaries, particularly those with a Sigma= 3 coincident site lattice misorientation. Under simple shear loading conditions, however, the highest stresses were observed at general high-angle grain boundaries. In the 3-D simulations, similar relationships held, with the highest elastic stresses observed at the junction between two Sigma 3 boundaries under normal uniaxial loading and slightly lower elastic stresses at these junctions under simple shear loading. In the 3-D models, high elastic stresses were associated only with grain boundaries and triple junctions and showed little to no correlation with grain size or morphology. C1 [Lewis, A. C.; Jordan, K. A.; Geltmacher, A. B.] USN, Res Lab, Head Imaging & Simulat Sect, Multifunct Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jordan, K. A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Math Sci, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Head Imaging & Simulat Sect, Multifunct Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 39A IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9491-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 285KW UT WOS:000254776700016 ER PT J AU Gantt, CJ Neely, JA Villafana, IA Chun, CS Gharabaghli, SM AF Gantt, Cynthia J. Neely, Julie A. Villafana, Ian A. Chun, Chisun S. Gharabaghli, Sandy M. TI Analysis of weight and associated health consequences of the active duty staff at a major naval medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OBESITY AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity among active duty staff members at one the Navy's largest medical centers, in an effort to clarify the relationship between weight, physical fitness, health care utilization patterns, and health care costs. Methods: Data obtained from the Physical Readiness Information Management System were linked with health care utilization data obtained from the Military Health System Management Analysis and Reporting Tool. This information was applied to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute risk-stratification criteria to clarify the roles overweight and obesity play as factors contributing to increased health risk, comorbid conditions, and health care costs in this military health care setting. Results: At least 53% of the active duty staff members (1,755 of 3,306) at this medical center were either overweight or obese, based on body mass index (BMI). Three hundred fifty-one personnel did not have body composition analyses recorded. Using the Navy's current system, only 149 personnel were identified as being "out of standards" and 2,806 personnel were considered to be "within standards." Remarkably, the within-standards group included 241 personnel with obese BMIs and 1,365 personnel with overweight BMIs. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute risk-stratification criteria identified 445 personnel as having increased risk of premature death, based on their BMIs and other risk factors. The Navy's current program resulted in 296 (445 minus 149) missed opportunities to provide weight loss intervention when it is most effective, in the early stages of weight gain. Conclusion: The system currently used by the U.S. Navy to characterize personnel by weight ignores opportunities to identify and to treat high-risk personnel and provides neither a consistent nor an evidence-based model for early intervention and treatment of high-weight personnel at risk for increased morbidity, loss of productivity, and associated increased medical costs. C1 [Gantt, Cynthia J.; Neely, Julie A.; Villafana, Ian A.; Chun, Chisun S.; Gharabaghli, Sandy M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Populat Hlth Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gantt, CJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Populat Hlth Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 173 IS 5 BP 434 EP 440 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300SY UT WOS:000255846700008 PM 18543563 ER PT J AU Chao, JC Lucha, PA AF Chao, Jeffrey C. Lucha, Paul A., Jr. TI Enteritis cystica profunda: Is trauma the etiology? Interval development in the previously normal ileum: A case report and literature review SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME; ILEOILEAL INTUSSUSCEPTION; PATIENT; CHILD AB Although well described in the colon, enteritis cystica profunda is an extremely rare lesion of the small intestine with only a few cases documented in English medical literature. It is a benign condition most often associated with Crohn's disease or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in the adult. It has been described presenting as ileoileal intussusception in the pediatric population. We report a case of enteritis cystica profunda found incidentally on exploratory laparotomy with evidence of interval development over a 5-month period confirming trauma as the etiology. C1 [Chao, Jeffrey C.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Lucha, Paul A., Jr.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Chao, JC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 173 IS 5 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300SY UT WOS:000255846700021 PM 18543576 ER PT J AU Goodger, JL Hardcastle, MJ Croston, JH Kassim, NE Perley, RA AF Goodger, J. L. Hardcastle, M. J. Croston, J. H. Kassim, N. E. Perley, R. A. TI Inverse Compton emission from the lobes of 3C 353 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; galaxies : active; galaxies : individual : 3C 353; galaxies : jets; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; X-RAY-EMISSION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; 3CR RADIO-SOURCES; GALAXY CLUSTER; HOT-SPOTS; SAMPLE; JETS; MAPS AB X-ray emission due to inverse Compton scattering of microwave background photons by electrons in the lobes of powerful radio galaxies has now been seen in a large number of objects. Combining an inverse Compton model for the lobe X-ray emission with information obtained from radio synchrotron emission provides a method of constraining the electron population and magnetic field energy density, which cannot be accomplished using the radio data alone. Using six frequencies of new and archival radio data and new XMM-Newton observations of the Fanaroff-Riley class II radio galaxy 3C 353, we show that inverse Compton emission is detected in the radio lobes of this source at a level consistent with what is seen in other objects. We argue that variations in the X-ray/radio ratio in the brighter eastern lobe require positionally varying magnetic field strength. We also examine the X-ray nucleus and the cluster, Zw 1819.1-0108, spatially and spectrally. C1 [Goodger, J. L.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perley, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Goodger, JL (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM j.l.goodger@herts.ac.uk RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Goodger, Joanna/0000-0002-5738-4768 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13028.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500049 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, S. Noor TI Analysis of the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism for nanowire growth and a model for this mechanism SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; INAS NANOWIRES; TEMPERATURE; CATALYST; TRANSPORT; NANOSTRUCTURES; INSTABILITY; NITRIDE AB The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism is most widely employed to grow nanowires (NWs). The mechanism uses foreign element catalytic agent (FECA) to mediate the growth. Because of this, it is believed to be very stable with the FECA-mediated droplets not consumed even when reaction conditions change. Recent experiments however differ, which suggest that even under cleanest growth conditions, VLS mechanism may not produce long, thin, uniform, single-crystal nanowires of high purity. The present investigation has addressed various issues involving fundamentals of VLS growth. While addressing these issues, it has taken into consideration the influence of the electrical, hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and surface tension effects on NW growth. It has found that parameters such as mesoscopic effects on nanoparticle seeds, charge distribution in FECA-induced droplets, electronegativity of the droplet with respect to those of reactive nanowire vapor species, growth temperature, and chamber pressure play important role in the VLS growth. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of various issues, a simple, novel, malleable (SNM) model has been presented for the VLS mechanism. The model appears to explain the formation and observed characteristics of a wide variety of nanowires, including elemental and compound semiconductor nanowires. Also it provides an understanding of the influence of the dynamic behavior of the droplets on the NW growth. This study finds that increase in diameter with time of the droplet of tapered nanowires results primarily from gradual incorporation of oversupplied nanowire species into the FECA-mediated droplet, which is supported by experiments. It finds also that optimum compositions of the droplet constituents are crucial for VLS nanowire growth. An approximate model presented to exemplify the parametric dependency of VLS growth provides good description of NW growth rate as a function of temperature. C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM snmd@umd.edu NR 51 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1538 DI 10.1021/nl072974w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 301OV UT WOS:000255906400046 PM 18380484 ER PT J AU Quin, A Kane, S Ulitsky, O AF Quin, Alissa Kane, Sunanda Ulitsky, Olga TI A case of fistulizing Crohn's disease and erythema nodosum managed with adalimumab SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adalimumab; Crohn's disease; erythema nodosum ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY ADALIMUMAB; EXTRAINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS; INFLIXIMAB AB Background A 20-year-old female presented to her gastroenterologist with fevers and right-labial pain and swelling. Painful erythematous nodules developed in her pretibial region soon after admission to a medical ward. She had a 10-year history of Crohn's colitis, perirectal abscesses and fistulizing disease, and had undergone a diverting ileostomy 16 months earlier; however, she was not on any medication for her Crohn's disease owing to her history of drug intolerance and side effects. Investigations Physical examination, laboratory investigations, examination under anesthesia, proctoscopy, MRI, and skin biopsy. Diagnosis Active Crohn's disease with perianal fistula and sigmoid colitis, and erythema nodosum. Management Subcutaneous injections of adalimumab: an initial 160 mg dose, followed by 80 mg in week 2 and then 40 mg every other week. Antibiotics were also prescribed. C1 [Quin, Alissa] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Kane, Sunanda] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Gastroenterol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Quin, A (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Suite 301,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM alissa.quin@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1743-4378 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT GASTR JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1038/ncpgasthep1099 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 296AS UT WOS:000255516500010 PM 18364718 ER PT J AU Martin, M Thompson, PE Carter, J Zhu, L Hollander, M Shao, L AF Martin, Michael Thompson, Phillip E. Carter, Jesse Zhu, Lei Hollander, Mark Shao, Lin TI Damage creation in ion irradiated Si1-xGex/Si structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP Univ Florence, Dept Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl DE silicon; silicon germanium; strained silicon; ion beam analysis; Rutherford backscattering; radiation damage ID SUPERLATTICES AB Strained SiGe/Si structures have been proposed as substrates for fabrication of high speed metal oxide semiconductor transistors. However, influence of strain and/or presence of Ge atoms on damage creation during ion irradiation have not been explored to a significant extent. In this study, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterize Si1-xGex/Si structures irradiated by 140 keV He+ ions at room temperature. When compared with pure Si, strained samples show enhanced damage accumulation as a function of He fluence. Channeling angular scans did not reveal any specific configuration of displacements. Possible mechanisms for enhanced damage in strained Si are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Michael; Carter, Jesse; Zhu, Lei; Hollander, Mark; Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, 129 Zachry,3133 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2008 VL 266 IS 10 BP 2483 EP 2485 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.028 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 319SZ UT WOS:000257185600088 ER PT J AU Reyes, J Gable, P Ellzy, J Dyment, J Fitzpatrick, J Gharabaghli, S Chan, A AF Reyes, Jody Gable, Preston Ellzy, James Dyment, Janis Fitzpatrick, James Gharabaghli, Sandra Chan, Arden TI Healing patient partnerships in cancer care SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reyes, Jody; Gable, Preston; Ellzy, James; Dyment, Janis; Fitzpatrick, James; Gharabaghli, Sandra; Chan, Arden] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 MA 2561 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 298NF UT WOS:000255693700023 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL Seely, JF AF Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Windt, David L. Seely, John F. TI Normal-incidence silicon-gadolinium multilayers for imaging at 63 nm wavelength SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Si/Gd multilayers designed as narrowband reflective coatings near 63 nm were developed. The highest peak reflectance of 26.2% at a 5 degrees incident angle was obtained at 62 nm, and the spectral bandwidth was 7.3 nm FWHM. The fits for x-ray and extreme ultraviolet reflectance data of Si/Gd multilayers indicate the possibility of silicide formation at the Si-Gd interfaces. B4C, W, and SiN were deposited as interface barrier layers to improve the reflectance of Si/Gd multilayers. More than an 8% increase in reflectance was observed from the interface-engineered Si/W/Gd and Si/B4C/Gd multilayers. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Windt, David L.] Reflect Xray Opt, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 9 BP 965 EP 967 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000965 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 305GU UT WOS:000256166900025 PM 18451954 ER PT J AU Tjoumakaris, FP Humble, B Sekiya, JK AF Tjoumakaris, Fotios P. Humble, Byron Sekiya, Jon K. TI Combined glenoid and humeral head allograft reconstruction for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article C1 [Sekiya, Jon K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Orthoped, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. [Tjoumakaris, Fotios P.] Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Humble, Byron] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Orthoped, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr,POB 0391, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD MAY PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 497 EP 497 PG 1 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 302HW UT WOS:000255960400024 PM 19292306 ER PT J AU Healy, DY Leid, JG Sanderson, AR Hunsaker, DH AF Healy, David Y. Leid, Jeff G. Sanderson, Alicia R. Hunsaker, Darrell H. TI Biofilms with fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 111th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery-Foundation CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Fdn ID NONTYPABLE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; SINUSITIS; DIAGNOSIS; DEFINITIONS; EXPRESSION AB OBJECTIVES: Demonstrate that bacterial biofilm in sinus mucosal samples from patients with eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) contains fungal elements; identify specific organisms in the biofilm. METHODS: Mucosa samples from 11 patients undergoing sinus surgery were collected. Patients were classified as having AFRS, EMCRS, or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) based on histopathologic findings. Three mucosal samples from controls were also collected. Samples were stained with specific bacterial fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) DNA probes (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a general pan-fungal FISH probe. The samples were analyzed for bacterial biofilm ultrastructure and fungal elements using epifluorescent microscopy. RESULTS: Bacterial biofilm was demonstrated in 9/11 samples and 2/3 controls. H. influenzae was the predominant biofilm present. There was a trend showing more fungal elements in AFRS and EMCRS biofilms than in CRS and controls. CONCLUSION: This is a preliminary study demonstrating fungal elements within sinus mucosal biofilm and demonstrating biofilm in AFRS. (c) 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Healy, David Y.; Leid, Jeff G.; Sanderson, Alicia R.; Hunsaker, Darrell H.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Healy, DY (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM david.healy@med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 138 IS 5 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.02.002 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 294VP UT WOS:000255434700018 PM 18439472 ER PT J AU Sutter, D Stagliano, D Braun, L Williams, F Arnold, J Ottolini, M Epstein, J AF Sutter, Deena Stagliano, David Braun, LoRanee Williams, Francis Arnold, John Ottolini, Martin Epstein, Judith TI Polymicrobial bloodstream infection in pediatric patients - Risk factors, microbiology, and antimicrobial management SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacteremia; fungemia; sepsis; catheter-related bloodstream infection ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ENTEROCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CANCER-PATIENTS; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; ORGANISM; SEPSIS; TRANSLOCATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Few studies focus on polymicrobial bloodstream infections (PBSIs) in children. In previous reports, children with PBSI frequently had complex underlying medical conditions and a high incidence of specific microorganisms, but systematic evaluation with controls was not performed. We postulated that specific clinical risk factors are associated with an increased risk of PBSI, and that illness may be more severe with these infections. Additionally, we suspected that routine empiric antimicrobial therapy may frequently be inadequate to treat the variety of pathogens in PBSI. Methods: Positive blood cultures from 1998 to 2004 were reviewed. Patients whose cultures grew > 1 organism were age-matched with monomicrobial bloodstream infection controls. Records were reviewed to compare their underlying medical conditions, organisms isolated, adequacy of therapy, and clinical characteristics of illness. Results: Twenty-nine episodes of PBSI were identified in 18 subjects. PBSI patients were more likely to have chronic medical conditions, chronic gastrointestinal pathology, central venous catheters, and to be receiving parenteral nutrition than controls. Pathogens found more commonly in PBSI episodes included Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Candida spp. Empiric antimicrobial therapy was less likely to be adequate in patients with PBSI. PBSI patients were hospitalized longer, required longer intensive care and had prolonged bloodstream infection. Subjects with PBSI had prolonged duration of fever and had higher degrees of sepsis than controls. Conclusions: Chronic medical conditions, particularly gastrointestinal disease, are risk factors for PBSIs. Because clinical illness may be more severe, alteration of the empiric antimicrobial regimen should be considered in some of these patients. C1 [Sutter, Deena; Braun, LoRanee; Ottolini, Martin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sutter, Deena; Stagliano, David; Braun, LoRanee] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Williams, Francis; Epstein, Judith] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arnold, John] USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sutter, D (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dsutter@usuhs.mil NR 32 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1097/INF.0b013e31816591be PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 296HN UT WOS:000255534200005 PM 18398386 ER PT J AU Grubb, JD Reed, CL Bate, S Garza, J Roberts, RJ AF Grubb, Jefferson D. Reed, Catherine L. Bate, Stefan Garza, John Roberts, Ralph J., Jr. TI Walking reveals trunk orientation bias for visual attention SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VESTIBULAR STIMULATION; BODY ORIENTATION; NEGLECT; SPACE AB Our trunks influence where we perform actions in space. Thus, trunk direction may define a region of space that is accorded special treatment by the attention system. We investigated conditions under which a trunk orientation bias for attention might be relevant for healthy adults. Three experiments compared visual detection performance for participants standing and walking on a treadmill. Together, the experiments disambiguate the relative contributions of motor activity, motor load, and cognitive load on trunk orientation biases. In Experiment 1, trunk orientation biases (i.e., faster target detection for targets in front of the body midline) were observed in both forward and sideways walking conditions, but not in standing conditions. In Experiment 2, we ruled out the notion that the trunk orientation bias arose from increased motor activity; in fact, the bias was greatest when participants walked at an unusually slow pace. In Experiment 3, we directly compared motor load with cognitive load in a dual-task paradigm; cognitive load influenced overall performance speed, but only motor load produced trunk orientation bias. These results suggest that a trunk orientation bias emerges during walking and motor load conditions. C1 [Reed, Catherine L.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Dept Psychol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Grubb, Jefferson D.; Reed, Catherine L.; Bate, Stefan; Garza, John; Roberts, Ralph J., Jr.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Grubb, Jefferson D.] USN, Aviat Human Syst Integrat Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Reed, CL (reprint author), Claremont Mckenna Coll, Dept Psychol, 850 Columbia Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM cathy.reed@cmc.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [F31 NS42873-02] NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 688 EP 696 DI 10.3758/PP.70.4.688 PG 9 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 320EW UT WOS:000257217500011 PM 18556930 ER PT J AU Rohde, GK Nichols, JM Dissinger, BM Bucholtz, F AF Rohde, Gustavo K. Nichols, Jonathan M. Dissinger, Bryan M. Bucholtz, Frank TI Stochastic analysis of recurrence plots with applications to the detection of deterministic signals SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE recurrence plots; Stochastic processes; detection ID QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS AB Recurrence plots have been widely used for a variety of purposes such as analyzing dynamical systems, denoising, as wen as detection of deterministic signals embedded in noise. Though it has been postulated previously that recurrence plots contain time correlation information here we make the relationship between unthresholded recurrence plots and the covariance of a random process more precise. Computations using examples from harmonic processes, autoregressive models, and outputs from nonlinear systems are shown to illustrate this relationship. Finally, the use of recurrence plots for detection of deterministic signals in the presence of noise is investigated and compared to traditional signal detection methods based on the likelihood ratio test. Results using simulated data show that detectors based on certain statistics derived from recurrence plots are sub-optimal when compared to well-known detectors based on the likelihood ratio. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rohde, Gustavo K.; Nichols, Jonathan M.; Dissinger, Bryan M.; Bucholtz, Frank] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rohde, GK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Dept Biomed Engn, HH C 122,5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gustavor@cmu.edu NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 237 IS 5 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2007.10.008 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 300KW UT WOS:000255823700005 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT Barsic, PH AF Halterman, Klaus Valls, Oriol T. Barsic, Paul H. TI Induced triplet pairing in clean s-wave superconductor/ferromagnet layered structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE; FIELD; HE-3 AB We study induced triplet pairing correlations in clean ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures. The pairing state in the superconductor is the conventional singlet s wave, and the angle alpha between the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers is arbitrary. We use a numerical fully self-consistent solution of the microscopic equations and obtain the time-dependent triplet correlations via the Heisenberg equations of motion. We find that in addition to the usual singlet correlations, triplet correlations, which are odd in time as required by the Pauli principle, are induced in both the ferromagnets and the superconductor. These time-dependent correlations are largest at times of order of the inverse of the Debye cutoff frequency omega(D), and we find that within that time scale, they are often spatially very long ranged. We discuss the behavior of the characteristic penetration lengths that describe these triplet correlations. We also find that the ferromagnets can locally magnetize the superconductor near the interface and that the local magnetization then undergoes strongly damped oscillations. The local density of states exhibits a variety of energy signatures, which we discuss, as a function of ferromagnetic strength and alpha. C1 [Halterman, Klaus] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.; Barsic, Paul H.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Valls, Oriol T.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomputer Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 17 AR 174511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.174511 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 313TV UT WOS:000256763800099 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ AF Cooke, S. J. TI Reduced-order simulation of large accelerator structures SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 12-16, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys AB Simulating electromagnetic waves inside finite periodic or almost periodic three-dimensional structures is important to research in linear particle acceleration, high power microwave generation, and photonic band gap structures. While eigenmodes of periodic structures can be determined from analysis of a single unit cell, based on Floquet theory, the general case of aperiodic structures, with defects or nonuniform properties, typically requires 3D electromagnetic simulation of the entire structure. When the structure is large and high accuracy is necessary this can require high-performance computing techniques to obtain even a few eigenmodes [Z. Li et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 558, 168 (2006)]. To confront this problem, we describe an efficient, field-based algorithm that can accurately determine the complete eigenmode spectrum for extended aperiodic structures, up to some chosen frequency limit. The new method combines domain decomposition with a nontraditional, dual eigenmode representation of the fields local to each cell of the structure. Two related boundary value eigenproblems are solved numerically in each cell, with (a) electrically shielded, and (b) magnetically shielded interfaces, to determine a combined set of basis fields. By using the dual solutions in our field representation we accurately represent both the electric and magnetic surface currents that mediate coupling at the interfaces between adjacent cells. The solution is uniformly convergent, so that typically only a few modes are used in each cell. We present results from 2D and 3D simulations that demonstrate the speed and low computational needs of the algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 056706 DI 10.1063/1.2870086 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200119 ER PT J AU Esaulov, AA Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Velikovich, AL Cuneo, ME Jones, B Struve, KW Mehlhorn, TA AF Esaulov, A. A. Kantsyrev, V. L. Safronova, A. S. Velikovich, A. L. Cuneo, M. E. Jones, B. Struve, K. W. Mehlhorn, T. A. TI Magnetostatic and magnetohydrodynamic modeling of planar wire arrays SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; Z-ACCELERATOR; PLASMA; POWER; MASS AB For the past 2 years the planar wire array loads have proven their ability to create powerful x-ray radiation sources at the pulsed power facilities with the current level ranging from 1 to 3 MA. Several key features of the implosion and ablation dynamics of the planar wire arrays distinguish them from the wire arrays of the conventional cylindrical design. The uneven current partition through the array wires in planar geometry results in a significant difference between the ablation rates of the outermost and the innermost array wires. This difference is even higher in a double row planar array geometry. According to the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations the effect of the delayed ablation of the inner array wires can result in effective mitigation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability modes. The high number (200-300) of wires in a cylindrical array is preferable to ensure fine azimuthal symmetry of an array implosion. However this requirement is not a great concern for the planar wire array loads, which implode along the plane of wires. Hence, the low-wire-number planar array loads are naturally optimized for the Z-pinch experiments at short pulse (100 ns) 1 MA facilities. The application of planar wire array loads at high current accelerators is attractive for the purposes of the inertial confinement fusion because of the relative compactness of these loads and their potential for radiation pulse shaping. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Esaulov, A. A.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Safronova, A. S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cuneo, M. E.; Jones, B.; Struve, K. W.; Mehlhorn, T. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Esaulov, AA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 052703 DI 10.1063/1.2918667 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200029 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E AF Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico TI The temperature structure of solar coronal plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 12-16, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SUMER; DIAGNOSTICS; HOLE; SOHO/CDS; REGIONS; LINES; TRACE; LIMB AB In the early 1940s it was at last accepted that the temperature of the solar corona is at least 1 MK and varies considerably from region to region throughout the solar activity cycle. It was recognized that during solar minimum periods the electron temperatures of plasmas in polar regions do not exceed 1 MK, but during solar maximum periods the plasma temperatures of highly active regions could be as high as 3 MK. Nevertheless, until recently the consensus among the solar physics community was that coronal temperatures vary among the different regions in a continuous manner. In the present paper we review the evidence showing that solar coronal plasmas (T(e) > 0.7 MK) are isothermal and their temperature can have only a small set of fixed values. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Feldman, Uri; Landi, Enrico] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, Uri; Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 056501 DI 10.1063/1.2837044 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200110 ER PT J AU Goncharov, VN Sangster, TC Radha, PB Betti, R Boehly, TR Collins, TJB Craxton, RS Delettrez, JA Epstein, R Glebov, VY Hu, SX Igumenshchev, IV Knauer, JP Loucks, SJ Marozas, JA Marshall, FJ McCrory, RL McKenty, PW Meyerhofer, DD Regan, SP Seka, W Skupsky, S Smalyuk, VA Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Shvarts, D Frenje, JA Petrasso, RD Li, CK Seguin, F Manheimer, W Colombant, DG AF Goncharov, V. N. Sangster, T. C. Radha, P. B. Betti, R. Boehly, T. R. Collins, T. J. B. Craxton, R. S. Delettrez, J. A. Epstein, R. Glebov, V. Yu. Hu, S. X. Igumenshchev, I. V. Knauer, J. P. Loucks, S. J. Marozas, J. A. Marshall, F. J. McCrory, R. L. McKenty, P. W. Meyerhofer, D. D. Regan, S. P. Seka, W. Skupsky, S. Smalyuk, V. A. Soures, J. M. Stoeckl, C. Shvarts, D. Frenje, J. A. Petrasso, R. D. Li, C. K. Seguin, F. Manheimer, W. Colombant, D. G. TI Performance of direct-drive cryogenic targets on OMEGA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 12-16, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID LASER; FUSION; IMPLOSIONS; TRANSPORT AB The success of direct-drive-ignition target designs depends on two issues: the ability to maintain the main fuel adiabat at a low level and the control of the nonuniformity growth during the implosion. A series of experiments was performed on the OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly, D. L. Brown, R. S. Craxton et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] to study the physics of low-adiabat, high-compression cryogenic fuel assembly. Modeling these experiments requires an accurate account for all sources of shell heating, including shock heating and suprathermal electron preheat. To increase calculation accuracy, a nonlocal heat-transport model was implemented in the 1D hydrocode. High-areal-density cryogenic fuel assembly with rho R > 200 mg/ cm(2) [T. C. Sangster, V. N. Goncharov, P. B. Radha et al., " High-areal-density fuel assembly in direct-drive cryogenic implosions," Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted)] has been achieved on OMEGA in designs where the shock timing was optimized using the nonlocal treatment of the heat conduction and the suprathermal-electron preheat generated by the two-plasmon-decay instability was mitigated. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Goncharov, V. N.; Sangster, T. C.; Radha, P. B.; Boehly, T. R.; Collins, T. J. B.; Craxton, R. S.; Delettrez, J. A.; Epstein, R.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Hu, S. X.; Igumenshchev, I. V.; Knauer, J. P.; Loucks, S. J.; Marozas, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; McKenty, P. W.; Regan, S. P.; Seka, W.; Skupsky, S.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Soures, J. M.; Stoeckl, C.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Goncharov, V. N.] Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Betti, R.; McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Betti, R.; McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Shvarts, D.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Negev, Israel. [Frenje, J. A.; Petrasso, R. D.; Li, C. K.; Seguin, F.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Manheimer, W.] RSI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Colombant, D. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goncharov, VN (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007; Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818; NR 29 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 056310 DI 10.1063/1.2856551 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200105 ER PT J AU Nikitin, SP Grun, J Aglitskiy, Y Manka, C Zabetakis, D Velikovich, AL Miller, C AF Nikitin, S. P. Grun, J. Aglitskiy, Y. Manka, C. Zabetakis, D. Velikovich, A. L. Miller, C. TI Production of cumulative jets by ablatively-driven implosion of hollow cones and wedges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; GAMMA-RAY BURST; FAST-IGNITION; LASER-BEAM; TARGETS; FOILS; ACCELERATION; IMPACT AB Cumulative plasma jets formed by hollow cones imploded via laser ablation of their outer surfaces were observed. The velocity, shape, and density of the jets are measured with monochromatic 0.65 keV x-ray imaging. Depending on cone geometry, cumulative jets with ion density similar to 2x10(20) cm(-3) and propagation velocities > 10 km/s are formed. Similar results are observed when jets are formed by imploding wedges. Such jets can be used to simulate hydrodynamics of astrophysical jets interacting with stellar or interstellar matter. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Nikitin, S. P.; Manka, C.; Miller, C.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Grun, J.; Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aglitskiy, Y.] SAIC Inc, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. [Zabetakis, D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nikitin, SP (reprint author), Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Nikitin, Sergei/A-7156-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 050703 DI 10.1063/1.2917917 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200003 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. TI Interaction of intense ultrashort pulse lasers with clusters SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 12-16, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RARE-GAS CLUSTERS; X-RAY-EMISSION; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; COULOMB EXPLOSION; NUCLEAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; FIELDS; AMPLIFICATION; IONIZATION AB The dynamics of clusters composed of different material irradiated by a high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser was studied using a fully relativistic three-dimensional molecular dynamics model. Key parameters of the cluster evolution such as particle positions, energy absorption, and cluster explosion were simulated. By a direct comparison of these parameters for clusters of equal initial radius but made of different material (deuterium, neon, argon, and xenon), the main stages and attributes of cluster evolution were elucidated. The simulations showed that clusters made of different material act alike, especially those of heavy elements. Clusters made of heavy elements (neon, argon, and xenon) differentiate from clusters made of light elements (deuterium) by the magnitude of the absorbed energy per cluster and the final mean energy of exploding ions. What most distinguishes clusters composed of different material is the amount of emitted radiation and its spectral range. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Petrov, G. M.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 056705 DI 10.1063/1.2889017 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200118 ER PT J AU Petrova, TB Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP AF Petrova, Tz. B. Ladouceur, H. D. Baronavski, A. P. TI Nonequilibrium dynamics of laser-generated plasma channels SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STREAMER DYNAMICS; LIGHT FILAMENTS; AIR; DISCHARGES; PULSES; SIMULATION; GASES; PROPAGATION; BREAKDOWN; N-2 AB A time-dependent nonequilibrium kinetics model based upon the time-dependent electron Boltzmann equation coupled with an extensive air chemistry model accounting for gas heating and vibrational kinetics is developed. The model is applied to the temporal evolution of femtosecond laser-generated air plasma channels at atmospheric pressure in an external electric field. The plasma channel dynamics depend upon the initial free electron density, the initial electron energy of the plasma, and upon the externally applied electric field strength. The model predicts an electric breakdown field strength of 5-10 kV/cm with a delay time of hundreds of nanoseconds when the electron density drops to the optimum value of similar to 10(12)-10(13) cm(-3). The experimentally observed breakdown field is similar to 5.7 kV/cm with a statistical breakdown delay time of similar to 200 ns. The reduction in the breakdown field strength in natural air from similar to 30 to 5 kV/cm is attributed to a combination of processes such as enhanced ionization due to relaxation of the initial electron energy distribution function toward a Maxwellian distribution, strong electron detachment, and gas heating. The calculated electron density decay of the laser-generated plasma channel in both pure nitrogen and dry air is in good agreement with the NRL experiments. The derived rate constant for recombination in dry air is b(B)(air)=3.9x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) and in pure nitrogen it is b(B)(2)(N)=4.4x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1). The attachment rate coefficient in dry air is eta(air)(B)=7.5x10(6) s(-1). (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Petrova, Tz. B.] Berkeley Scholars Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ladouceur, H. D.] USN, Res Lab, Mol Dynam Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baronavski, A. P.] Envisioneering, Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. RP Petrova, TB (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars Inc, 6551 Mid Cities Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 AR 053501 DI 10.1063/1.2907787 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 307FR UT WOS:000256305200038 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Fernsler, RF Walton, SG AF Lock, E. H. Fernsler, R. F. Walton, S. G. TI Experimental and theoretical evaluations of electron temperature in continuous electron beam generated plasmas SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; PROCESSING SYSTEM; IMPACT IONIZATION; CATHODE; ARGON; GUN; DIAGNOSTICS; EXTRACTION; EXCITATION AB In this paper an experimental and theoretical evaluation of electron temperature in continuous, electron beam generated plasmas is presented. Spatial distributions of electron temperature and plasma density in pure and diluted argon were measured. The dependence of the electron temperature and plasma density on pressure, gas composition, hollow cathode voltage and magnetic field was investigated as well. It was observed that the electron temperature in argon was less than 1 eV and that a small addition of nitrogen reduced the electron temperature even more. The magnetic field, pressure and beam current did not strongly affect the electron temperature but greatly influenced the plasma density. The experimental findings are supported by analytical estimations of electron temperature in both noble and molecular gases. C1 [Lock, E. H.; Fernsler, R. F.; Walton, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 AR 025009 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/17/2/025009 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 310QA UT WOS:000256543800032 ER PT J AU Apte, U Maglaras, C Pinedo, M AF Apte, Uday Maglaras, Costis Pinedo, Michael TI Operations in the service industries: Introduction to the special issue SO PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE service industries; call centers; health care; financial services ID MANAGEMENT AB This special issue of Production and Operations Management offers a sample of ongoing research that focuses currently on the services industries. The articles selected cover a spectrum of application areas as well as methodologies. C1 [Apte, Uday] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Maglaras, Costis] Columbia Univ, Grad Sch Business, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Pinedo, Michael] NYU, Stern Sch Business, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Apte, U (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM umapte@nps.edu; c.maglaras@gsb.columbia.edu; mpinedo@stern.nyu.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SOC PI BALTIMORE PA UNIV BALTIMORE, 1420 CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA SN 1059-1478 J9 PROD OPER MANAG JI Prod. Oper. Manag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.3401/poms.1080.0032 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 315HB UT WOS:000256868000001 ER PT J AU Harms, MJ Schlessman, JL Chimenti, MS Sue, GR Damjanovic, A Garcia-Moreno, B AF Harms, Michael J. Schlessman, Jamie L. Chimenti, Michael S. Sue, Gloria R. Damjanovic, Ana Garcia-Moreno E, Bertrand TI A buried lysine that titrates with a normal pK(a): Role of conformational flexibility at the protein-water interface as a determinant of pK(a)values SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrostatics; pK(a); staphylococcal nuclease; buried residues; water penetration; flexibility; dynamics ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; FORCE-FIELDS; ELECTROSTATICS CALCULATIONS; CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IONIZABLE GROUPS; TERNARY COMPLEX AB Previously we reported that Lys, Asp, and Glu residues at positions 66 and 92 in staphylococcal nuclease ( SNase) titrate with pK(a) values shifted by up to 5 pKa units in the direction that promotes the neutral state. In contrast, the internal Lys-38 in SNase titrates with a normal pKa. The crystal structure of the L38K variant shows that the side chain of Lys-38 is buried. The ionizable moiety is; 7 A from solvent and ion paired with Glu-122. This suggests that the pKa value of Lys-38 is normal because the energetic penalty for dehydration is offset by a favorable Coulomb interaction. However, the pKa of Lys-38 was also normal when Glu-122 was replaced with Gln or with Ala. Continuum electrostatics calculations were unable to reproduce the pKa of Lys-38 unless the protein was treated with an artificially high dielectric constant, consistent with structural reorganization being responsible for the normal pKa value of Lys-38. This reorganization must be local because circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy indicate that the L38K protein is native-like under all conditions studied. In molecular dynamics simulations, the ion pair between Lys-38 and Glu-122 is unstable. The simulations show that a minor rearrangement of a loop is sufficient to allow penetration of water to the amino moiety of Lys-38. This illustrates both the important roles of local flexibility and water penetration as determinants of pKa values of ionizable groups buried near the protein-water interface, and the challenges faced by structure-based pKa calculations in reproducing these effects. C1 [Harms, Michael J.; Schlessman, Jamie L.; Chimenti, Michael S.; Sue, Gloria R.; Damjanovic, Ana; Garcia-Moreno E, Bertrand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garcia-Moreno, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bertrand@jhu.edu OI Harms, Michael/0000-0002-0241-4122 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-065197] NR 79 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 19 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 833 EP 845 DI 10.1110/ps.073397708 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 292UC UT WOS:000255290600005 PM 18369193 ER PT J AU Halonen, RJ Jones, CE Sigut, TAA Zavala, RT Tycner, C Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Vlieg, N Vrba, FJ AF Halonen, R. J. Jones, C. E. Sigut, T. A. A. Zavala, R. T. Tycner, C. Levine, S. E. Luginbuhl, C. B. Vlieg, N. Vrba, F. J. TI Infrared excess in the be star delta Scorpii SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; DENSITY STRUCTURE; BINARY AB We present infrared photometric observations of the Be binary system delta Scorpii obtained in 2006. The J, H, and K magnitudes are the same within the errors compared to observations taken 10 months earlier. We derive the infrared excess from the observation and compare this to the color excess predicted by a radiative equilibrium model of the primary star and its circumstellar disk. We use a non-LTE computational code to model the gaseous envelope concentrated in the star's equatorial plane and calculate the expected spectral energy distribution and Ha emission profile of the star with its circumstellar disk. Using the observed infrared excess of delta Sco, as well as H alpha spectroscopy bracketing the IR observations in time, we place constraints on the radial density distribution in the circumstellar disk. Because the disk exhibits variability in its density distribution, this work will be helpful in understanding its dynamics. C1 [Halonen, R. J.; Jones, C. E.; Sigut, T. A. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Phys & Astron Dept, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Zavala, R. T.; Levine, S. E.; Luginbuhl, C. B.; Vlieg, N.; Vrba, F. J.] USN, Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Tycner, C.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Halonen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Phys & Astron Dept, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM rhalonen@uwo.ca; cjones@astro.uwo.ca; asigut@astro.uwo.ca; bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; c.tycner@cmich.edu RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 120 IS 867 BP 498 EP 509 DI 10.1086/588154 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297GY UT WOS:000255606300004 ER PT J AU Airola, J AF Airola, Jim TI A regional analysis of the impact of trade and foreign direct investment on wages in Mexico, 1984-2000 SO REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INEQUALITY; LIBERALIZATION AB The conventional Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade predicts an equalizing effect of trade on wages in developing countries abundant in less-skilled labor. Contrary to these predictions, skill premiums and skill demand increased in Mexico following trade liberalization. "New" trade theories have offered several channels through which trade can increase relative wages and demand for skilled workers. One such channel is foreign direct investment and outsourcing. Using the Mexican Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) covering 1984-2000, the author examines the relationship between the demand for skill and maquiladora employment across regions and states. In contrast to previous studies based on manufacturing data for the 1980s, little evidence is found that growth in maquiladora employment is positively related to the increase in relative wages or wage-bill share of more educated workers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Airola, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 699 Dyer Rd,Room M-5, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsairola@nps.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1363-6669 J9 REV DEV ECON JI Rev. Dev. Econ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00428.x PG 15 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 280HM UT WOS:000254416600004 ER PT J AU Pereira, NR Imam, MA AF Pereira, N. R. Imam, M. A. TI Strengthened lithium for x-ray blast windows SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE OPTICS; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; METALS; TEMPERATURES AB Lithium's high x-ray transparency makes it an attractive material for windows intended to protect soft x-ray diagnostics in high energy density experiments. Pure lithium is soft and weak, but lithium mixed with lithium hydride powder becomes harder and stronger, in principle without any additional x-ray absorption. A comparison with the standard material for x-ray windows, beryllium, suggests that lithium or lithium strengthened by lithium hydride may well be an excellent option for such windows. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pereira, N. R.] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Imam, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pereira, NR (reprint author), Ecopulse Inc, POB 528, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM pereira@speakeasy.net NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 AR 055108 DI 10.1063/1.2937203 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 307FS UT WOS:000256305400040 PM 18513093 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Low signal-to-noise ratio underwater acoustic communications SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 31 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 303ME UT WOS:000256043800006 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Muglach, K AF Wang, Y. -M. Muglach, K. TI Observations of low-latitude coronal plumes SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE corona, structures; coronal holes; magnetic fields, corona; magnetic fields, photosphere; magnetic reconnection, observational signatures ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; FAST SOLAR-WIND; POLAR PLUMES; NETWORK ACTIVITY; WHITE-LIGHT; ORIGIN; HOLES; IDENTIFICATION; SOHO; JETS AB Using Fe IX/X 17.1 nm observations from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we have identified many coronal plumes inside low-latitude coronal holes as they transited the solar limb during the late declining phase of cycle 23. These diffuse, linear features appear to be completely analogous to the familiar polar plumes. By tracking them as they rotate from the limb onto the disk (or vice versa), we confirm that EUV plumes seen against the disk appear as faint, diffuse blobs of emission surrounding a brighter core. When the EIT images are compared with near-simultaneous magnetograms from the SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), the low-latitude, on-disk plumes are found to overlie regions of mixed polarity, where small bipoles are in contact with unipolar flux concentrations inside the coronal hole. The birth and decay of the plumes are shown to be closely related to the emergence of ephemeral regions, their dispersal in the supergranular flow field, and the cancellation of the minority-polarity flux against the dominant-polarity network elements. In addition to the faint polar and nonpolar plumes associated with ephemeral regions, we note the existence of two topologically similar coronal structures: the giant plume-like features that occur above active regions inside coronal holes, and the even larger scale "pseudostreamers" that separate coronal holes of the same polarity. In all three cases, the basic structure consists of open field lines of a given polarity overlying a photospheric region of the opposite polarity; ongoing interchange reconnection at the X-point separating the open field domains from the underlying double-arcade system appears to result in the steady evaporation of material from the closed into the open region. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Muglach, K.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muglach, K.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; karin.muglach@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 249 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9171-2 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290IF UT WOS:000255115800003 ER PT J AU Fletcher, MC Vivoni, A Moore, MM Lui, J Caldwell, J Prokes, SM Glembocki, O Hosten, CM AF Fletcher, Melissa C. Vivoni, Alberto Moore, Martin M. Lui, James Caldwell, Joshua Prokes, Sharka M. Glembocki, Orest Hosten, Charles M. TI NIR-FT-SERS of 4 ''-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4 '-di(phenyleneethynylene)benzenethiol on Au nanospheres SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SERS; NIR-FT; molecular electronics ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICES; RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; GOLD; SCATTERING AB Oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) compounds have been identified as promising molecular electronic bridges. Self-assembled monolayers of 4"-trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl-4,4'-phenyleneethynylenebenzene thiol (OPE') on Au were characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The FT-Raman spectrum of OPE' shows three C-S bands at 834, 1086, and 1131 cm(-1). From the FT-Raman to the SERS spectra, the 1086 cm(-1) band exhibits a 9 cm(-1) red shift. Chemisorption of OPE' to the gold surface occurs via oxidative cleavage of the disulfide bond and the formation of the Au-S bond. The Au-S vibration is visible in the SERS spectra at 257 cm(-1). Peaks due to the S-S and S-H stretch are observed at 544 and 2519 cm(-1), respectively, in the FT spectrum, but are unobserved in the surface-enhanced spectra. The C-H stretching region (2700-3350 cm(-1)) in the spectrum of neat OPE' shows three distinct bands, whereas the SERS spectra show a single broad band. Assignments of vibrational bands were based on DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP level with good agreement between theoretical and experimental values. An average percent difference of 2.52 was obtained for the non-CH stretching frequencies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Melissa C.; Hosten, Charles M.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Vivoni, Alberto] Inter Amer Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, San German, PR USA. [Moore, Martin M.; Lui, James; Caldwell, Joshua; Prokes, Sharka M.; Glembocki, Orest] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hosten, CM (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM chosten@howard.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 9 BP 1614 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2008.02.038 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 305SG UT WOS:000256197500004 ER PT J AU Blankenship, B Dold, C Jensen, E Smith, C Van Bonn, W Ridgway, S AF Blankenship, B. Dold, C. Jensen, E. Smith, C. Van Bonn, W. Ridgway, S. TI Neuronal migration defect: A case of subcortical heterotopia in a California sea lion SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California sea lions; central nervous system; malformation; neuronal migration defect; nodular heterotopia; subcortical heterotopia; Zalophus californianus ID CORTICAL-NEURONS; POLYMICROGYRIA; ANOMALIES AB A 2 and a half-year-old male California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) presented with a history of intermittent generalized seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large focal mass occupying the right cerebral hemisphere with moderate dilatation of the contralateral lateral ventricle. At necropsy, the right cerebral hemispheric white matter was expanded by numerous irregularly shaped, pale pink nodules up to 10 mm in diameter. The overlying cortex was characterized by increased numbers of small, poorly developed gyri with shallow, often indistinct, sulci (polymicrogyria). Microscopically, nodules were composed of neurons, oligodendroglia, microglia, and supporting neuropil and were well delineated from the surrounding white matter. The gross, histological, and immunohistochemical features of this lesion are consistent with a neuronal migration defect resulting in unilateral subcortical heterotopia. C1 [Blankenship, B.; Dold, C.; Jensen, E.; Smith, C.; Van Bonn, W.; Ridgway, S.] USN, Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Blankenship, B (reprint author), 1700 Oakridge Court, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. EM brad.blankenship@charter.net NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1354/vp.45-3-412 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 303GN UT WOS:000256029100023 PM 18487504 ER PT J AU Creamer, DB AF Creamer, Dennis B. TI On closure schemes for polynomial chaos expansions of stochastic differential equations SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; OCEAN; UNCERTAINTY AB The propagation of waves in a medium having random inhomogeneities is studied using polynomial chaos (PC) expansions, wherein environmental variability is described by a spectral representation of a stochastic process and the wave field is represented by an expansion ill orthogonal random polynomials of the spectral components. A different derivation of this expansion is given using functional methods, resulting in a smaller set of equations determining the expansion coefficients, also derived by others. The connection with the PC expansion is new and provides insight into different approximation schemes for the expansion, which is in the correlation function, rather than the random variables. This separates the approximation to the wave function and the closure of the coupled equations (for approximating the chaos coefficients), allowing for approximation schemes other than the Usual PC truncation, e.g. by an extended Markov approximation. For small correlation lengths of the medium, low-order PC approximations provide accurate coefficients of ally order. This is different from the usual PC approximation, where, for example, the mean field might be well approximated while the wave function (which includes other coefficients) would not be. These ideas are illustrated in a geometrical optics problem for a medium with a simple correlation function. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Creamer, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM creamer@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PD MAY PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 197 EP 218 DI 10.1080/17455030701639701 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 305PG UT WOS:000256189700001 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE Mied, RP Chubb, SR AF Shen, Colin Y. Evans, Thomas E. Mied, Richard P. Chubb, Scott R. TI A velocity projection framework for inferring shallow water currents from surface tracer fields SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE currents; surface temperature; feature tracking; tracer; velocity projection; remote sensing; CODAR ID SUBSURFACE CURRENT; IMAGES AB To the extent that sea surface temperature and colors can be considered passive tracers, their motions can be tracked to estimate the current velocities, or a conservation equation can be invoked to relate their temporal variations to the velocities. We investigate the latter, the so-called tracer inversion problem, with a particular focus on (1) the conditions under which the problem can be rendered over-determined for least squares solutions, (2) the possibility of using the tracer conservation equation within the "velocity projection" framework to estimate subsurface current profiles in shallow coastal waters, and (3) the accuracy of the tracer inversion calculation in terms of the data resolution and noise. The velocity projection framework refers to relating surface motion, either measured directly or made visible by tracers, to the subsurface current motion through the equations of motion. The accuracy of the tracer inversion calculation is quantified in terms of the spatial and temporal resolution of the tracer distribution. In the presence of irreducible tracer noise, the accuracy of the inversion rapidly degrades, and it is shown that the inversion with velocity projection can help improve accuracy. The tracer inversion method developed in this study is applied to the satellite sea surface temperature data, and the velocity result is compared to the velocity measurements made with the shore-based HF Coastal Current Radar. The potential of improving the velocity estimation with the present approach is indicated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shen, Colin Y.; Evans, Thomas E.; Mied, Richard P.; Chubb, Scott R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shen@nri.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 7 BP 849 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.01.010 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 294WN UT WOS:000255437100001 ER PT J AU Nollens, HH Wellehan, JFX Saliki, JT Caseltine, SL Jensen, ED Van Bonn, W Venn-Watson, S AF Nollens, Hendrik H. Wellehan, James F. X. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Caseltine, Shannon L. Jensen, Eric D. Van Bonn, William Venn-Watson, Stephanie TI Characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tursiops; dolphin; parainfluenza; virus; respiratory; pathogen ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; SENDAI VIRUS; MATRIX; MODEL; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE; SEROSURVEY; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; PATHOGENS AB A novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. The case animal was a 19-year old male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. Focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examination. Other significant microscopic findings included multifocal erosive and ulcerative tracheitis and laryngitis consisting of active laryngeal lymphatic tissue and dilated glands with eosinophilic fluid. The cause of death was attributed to respiratory disease of unknown etiology. In addition to the postmortem isolation of Candida glabrata and mixed bacteria from lung tissue, a virus was isolated from two antemortem affected lung aspirates collected over a 2-month period and two postmortem samples (mediastinal lymph node and left lung tissue homogenate). The morphology of the virions on negative staining and transmission electron microscopy was consistent with that of paramyxoviruses. Two genomic fragments, comprising 532 and 419 nucleotides from the open reading frames that code for the viral polynterase and fusion protein, respectively, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers. Phylogenetic analyses of the two viral RNA segments showed that the isolate comprised a novel virus strain, tentatively named T truncatus parainfluenza virus type I (TtPIV-1). The virus is monophyletic with, but genetically distinct from, the various bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 strains. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nollens, Hendrik H.; Wellehan, James F. X.] Univ Florida, Marine Mammal Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik H.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Caseltine, Shannon L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Jensen, Eric D.; Venn-Watson, Stephanie] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Van Bonn, William] John G Shedd Aquarium, Vet Serv, Chicago, IL USA. EM NollensH@vetmed.ufl.edu RI Wellehan, James/B-2021-2008; OI Van Bonn, William/0000-0001-5309-3595; Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.005 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 284QP UT WOS:000254721200002 PM 18031960 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Gao, G Schall, JD Knippenberg, MT Mikulski, PT AF Harrison, Judith A. Gao, Guangtu Schall, J. David Knippenberg, M. Todd Mikulski, Paul T. TI Friction between solids SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE atomic-scale friction; molecular dynamics; diamond; tribochemistry; SAMS; adhesion ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DIAMOND 111 SURFACES; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTIONS; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; INTERFACIAL FRICTION; SLIDING FRICTION AB The theoretical examination of the friction between solids is discussed with a focus on self-assembled monolayers, carbon-containing materials and antiwear additives. Important findings are illustrated by describing examples where simulations have complemented experimental work by providing a deeper understanding of the molecular origins of friction. Most of the work discussed herein makes use of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Of course, classical MD is not the only theoretical tool available to study friction. In view of that, a brief review of the early models of friction is also given. It should be noted that some topics related to the friction between solids, i. e. theory of electronic friction, are not discussed here but will be discussed in a subsequent review. C1 [Harrison, Judith A.; Gao, Guangtu; Schall, J. David; Knippenberg, M. Todd] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 87 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 366 IS 1869 BP 1469 EP 1495 DI 10.1098/rsta.2007.2169 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 278AK UT WOS:000254255600008 PM 18156124 ER PT J AU Lee, B Witzel, WM Das Sarma, S AF Lee, B. Witzel, W. M. Das Sarma, S. TI Universal pulse sequence to minimize spin depahasing in the central spin decoherence problem SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB We present a remarkable finding that a recently discovered [G. S. Uhrig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 100504 (2007)] series of pulse sequences, designed to optimally restore coherence to a qubit in the spin-boson model of decoherence, is in fact completely model independent and generically valid for arbitrary dephasing Hamiltonians given sufficiently short delay times between pulses. The series maximizes qubit fidelity versus number of applied pulses for sufficiently short delay times because the series, with each additional pulse, cancels successive orders of a time expansion for the fidelity decay. The "magical" universality of this property, which was not appreciated earlier, requires that a linearly growing set of "unknowns" (the delay times) must simultaneously satisfy an exponentially growing set of nonlinear equations that involve arbitrary dephasing Hamiltonian operators. C1 [Lee, B.; Witzel, W. M.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, B.] Montgomery Blair High Sch, Sci Math & Comp Sci Magnet Program, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Witzel, W. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X NR 16 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 16 AR 160505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.160505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 295EK UT WOS:000255457600011 PM 18518177 ER PT J AU Knight, DA Deschamps, JR Butcher, RJ Simmers, C Chang, EL AF Knight, D. Andrew Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Butcher, Ray J. Simmers, Christa Chang, Eddie L. TI A new coordination mode for tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: Synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of the mixed-valence Co(III)/Co(II)/Co(III) complex [Co{P(CH2CH2COO)(2)-(CH2CH2COOH)}(2)](2)[Co(H2O)(4)][Na-2(H2O)(4)]Cl-2 center dot 6H(2)O SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE water-soluble phosphine; mixed valence complex ID COBALT(III) COMPLEXES; THIOL REDUCTANT; PROTEINS; LIGAND; ACID; ION; INHIBITION; PEPTIDES; BINDING AB The water-soluble chelating phosphine ligand tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reacts with cobalt(II) chloride in water to give the mixed-valence Co(III)/Co(II)/Co(III) complex [Co{P(CH2CH2COO)(2)(CH2CH2COOH)}(2)](2)[Co(H2O)(4)][Na-2(H2O)(4)]Cl-2 center dot 6H(2)O (1) Structural analysis of 1 using single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a trimetallic sodium bridged structure ill which TCEP adopts a tridentate chelating mode towards Co(III), and a bridging mode towards Co(II) and Na ions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knight, D. Andrew; Simmers, Christa] Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Chang, Eddie L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Butcher, Ray J.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM daknight@loyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1801 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2008.02.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 298XS UT WOS:000255721000030 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA Perkovic, D Frasier, SJ AF Marmorino, George O. Smith, Geoffrey B. Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. Perkovic, Dragana Frasier, Stephen J. TI Evolution of ocean slicks under a rising wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-CIRCULATION; GULF-STREAM; SURFACE-FILMS; WAVE; SEA; DISPERSION; IMAGERY; LAYER; DRIFT; SAR AB Airborne synthetic aperture radar and high-resolution infrared imagery are used to examine the evolution of natural ocean slicks during a period of freshening wind. Initially the slicks are of the order of 50 m in width and have radar and thermal contrasts of the order of 10 dB and several 0.1 degrees C. While there can be over time a transient reorganization of surface film material by internal waves, the slicks are observed to disperse and are no longer detectible after 5 h. The dispersion occurs through the action of Langmuir circulation, which results in along-wind streaks or "windrows'', as well as other effects. Prominent streaks occur preferentially along a slick's upwind side, the downwind side resembling more of a "leading edge'', at least early on. Over time, the leading edge develops a corrugated shape, and gaps begin to develop within the slicks. The formation of gaps is compared with a conceptual model by Dysthe (2006) for the tearing of a surface film in the region of positive surface straining. Eventually, the slicks break into elongated patches that co-exist with windrows, which is consistent with the effects of advective dispersion. C1 [Marmorino, George O.; Smith, Geoffrey B.; Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Perkovic, Dragana; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C4 AR C04030 DI 10.1029/2007JC004538 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 295FP UT WOS:000255460700003 ER PT J AU Trachenko, K Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Trachenko, K. Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Relationship between the nonexponentiality of relaxation and relaxation time in the problem of glass transition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FORMING LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; BIPHENYL AB By analyzing the experimental data for various glass-forming liquids and polymers, we find that the nonexponentiality, beta, and the relaxation time, tau, are commonly related: log(tau) is an approximately linear function of 1/beta, followed in most cases by a crossover to a higher linear slope. We rationalize this relationship in the recently developed elastic approach to the glass transition. The key to the observed common relationship between beta and tau is that the two quantities are governed by the same parameter, the liquid elasticity length, d(el). The increase of d(el) on lowering temperature increases tau and decreases beta, resulting in the observed common relationship between beta and tau. In this picture, we also discuss the crossovers of beta and tau at low temperature. C1 [Trachenko, K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Trachenko, K (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 16 BP 5111 EP 5115 DI 10.1021/jp800347w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 290EA UT WOS:000255104900036 PM 18386878 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Moore, M Lowy, D Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Moore, Martin Lowy, Daniel Lebedev, Nikolai TI Surface reactivity of the quinone/hydroquinone redox center tethered to gold: Comparison of delocalized and saturated bridges SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HYDROQUINONE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; KINETICS; DEPENDENCE; QUINONES; THIOLS; WIRES AB We found that when a quinone headgroup, present in a mixed self-assembled monolayer on gold, reacts with a nucleophile, dissolved in the bulk phase, the reaction rate widely depends on the chemical nature of the tether, being 7 times faster for quinones attached via a delocalized bridge as compared to a saturated alkane chain. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the quinone/hydroquinone redox couple was used to monitor the nucleophilic addition, while simulated CVs compared to experimental runs permitted the determination of rate constants. Analysis of CV data also suggests that the delocalized oligo(phenylene ethynylene) bridge facilitates the addition of two mercaptoethanol molecules as compared to the alkane bridge, where only one molecule is being added. The use of delocalized bridges for tethering quinones to electrodes is of great potential in electrochemically controlled "tuning" of surfaces needed in biosensor applications. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Moore, Martin; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lowy, Daniel] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 16 BP 5579 EP 5585 DI 10.1021/ja710246n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 289FW UT WOS:000255041400048 PM 18373346 ER PT J AU Guo, J Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Guo, Jing Gunlycke, D. White, C. T. TI Field effect on spin-polarized transport in graphene nanoribbons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSISTORS; GRAPHITE; BANDS AB An efficient method is presented for simulating spin polarization and transport through zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons in the presence of transverse fields. The approach is used to examine two graphene nanoribbon spintronic devices. One device operates as a spin filter whle the other operates as a spin field-effect transistor without requiring spin-polarized contacts. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Guo, Jing] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gunlycke, D.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guo, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM guoj@ufl.edu NR 19 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 16 AR 163109 DI 10.1063/1.2908207 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295DV UT WOS:000255456100063 ER PT J AU Hooper, J Cooper, VR Thonhauser, T Romero, NA Zerilli, F Langreth, DC AF Hooper, Joe Cooper, Valentino R. Thonhauser, Timo Romero, Nichols A. Zerilli, Frank Langreth, David C. TI Predicting C-H/pi interactions with nonlocal density functional theory SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aromatic compounds correlation energy; density functional calculations; hydrogen bonding ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CH/PI-INTERACTION; BENZENE; METHANE; MODEL; MAGNITUDE; COMPLEXES; PROTEINS AB We examine the performance of a recently developed nonlocal density functional in predicting a model noncovalent interaction, namely the weak bond between an aromatic T system and an aliphatic C-H group. The new functional is a significant improvement over traditional density functionals, providing results which compare favorably to high-level quantum-chemistry techniques, but at considerably lower computational cost. Interaction energies in several model C-H/pi systems ore in good general agreement with coupled-cluster calculations, though equilibrium distances are consistently overpredicted when using the revPBE functional for exchange. The new functional predicts changes in energy upon addition of halogen substituents correctly. C1 [Hooper, Joe; Zerilli, Frank] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Cooper, Valentino R.; Thonhauser, Timo; Langreth, David C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Romero, Nichols A.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hooper, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM joseph.p.hooper@navy.mil RI Cooper, Valentino /A-2070-2012 OI Cooper, Valentino /0000-0001-6714-4410 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1002/cphc.200700715 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 298RF UT WOS:000255704100012 PM 18383059 ER PT J AU Gaudi, BS Patterson, J Spiegel, DS Krajci, T Koff, R Pojmanski, G Dong, S Gould, A Prieto, JL Blake, CH Roming, PWA Bennett, DP Bloom, JS Boyd, D Eyler, ME de Ponthiere, P Mirabal, N Morgan, CW Remillard, RR Vanmunster, T Wagner, RM Watson, LC AF Gaudi, B. Scott Patterson, Joseph Spiegel, David S. Krajci, Thomas Koff, R. Pojmanski, G. Dong, Subo Gould, Andrew Prieto, Jose L. Blake, Cullen H. Roming, Peter W. A. Bennett, David P. Bloom, Joshua S. Boyd, David Eyler, Michael E. de Ponthiere, Pierre Mirabal, N. Morgan, Christopher W. Remillard, Ronald R. Vanmunster, T. Wagner, R. Mark Watson, Linda C. TI Discovery of a very bright, nearby gravitational microlensing event SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; stars : individual (GSC 3656-1328) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC BULGE; MACHO COLLABORATION; LENSING EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL DEPTH; MASS FUNCTION; DWARF NOVAE; CANDIDATE; HALO; STARS AB We report the serendipitous detection of a very bright, very nearby microlensing event. In late 2006 October, an otherwise unremarkable A0 star at a distance of similar to 1 kpc (GSC 3656-1328) brightened achromatically by a factor of nearly 40 over the span of several days and then decayed in an apparently symmetrical way. We present a light curve of the event based on optical photometry from the Center for Backyard Astrophysics and the All Sky Automated Survey, as well as near-infrared photometry from the Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope. This light curve is well fit by a generic microlensing model. We also report optical spectra and Swift X-ray and UV observations that are consistent with the microlensing interpretation. We discuss and reject alternative explanations for this variability. The lens star is probably a low-mass star or brown dwarf, with a relatively high proper motion of greater than or similar to 20 mas yr(-1), and may be visible using precise optical/infrared imaging taken several years from now. A modest, all-sky survey telescope could detect similar to 10 such events per year, which would enable searches for very low mass planetary companions to relatively nearby stars. C1 [Gaudi, B. Scott; Dong, Subo; Gould, Andrew; Prieto, Jose L.; Morgan, Christopher W.; Watson, Linda C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Patterson, Joseph; Spiegel, David S.; Mirabal, N.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Krajci, Thomas] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Koff, R.] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Bennett, CO 80102 USA. [Pojmanski, G.] Warsaw Univ Astron Observatory, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Blake, Cullen H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roming, Peter W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bennett, David P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boyd, David] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, W Challow OX12 9TX, Wantage, England. [Eyler, Michael E.; Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [de Ponthiere, Pierre] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, B-5170 Profondeville, Belgium. [Remillard, Ronald R.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vanmunster, T.] Belgium Observ, Ctr Backyard Astrophys, B-3401 Landen, Belgium. [Wagner, R. Mark] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gaudi, BS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; Dong, Subo/J-7319-2012 NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1268 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/529482 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000039 ER PT J AU Rappazzo, AF Velli, M Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB AF Rappazzo, A. F. Velli, M. Einaudi, G. Dahlburg, R. B. TI Nonlinear dynamics of the parker scenario for coronal heating SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; turbulence ID MEAN MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; INCOMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; HYDROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE; ALFVENIC TURBULENCE; MHD TURBULENCE; ENERGY-RELEASE; CURRENT SHEETS; SOLAR CORONA; LOOPS AB The Parker or field line tangling model of coronal heating is studied comprehensively via long-time high-resolution simulations of the dynamics of a coronal loop in Cartesian geometry within the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics. Slow photospheric motions induce a Poynting flux which saturates by driving an anisotropic turbulent cascade dominated by magnetic energy. In physical space this corresponds to a magnetic topology where magnetic field lines are barely entangled; nevertheless, current sheets (corresponding to the original tangential discontinuities hypothesized by Parker) are continuously formed and dissipated. Current sheets are the result of the nonlinear cascade that transfers energy from the scale of convective motions (similar to 1000 km) down to the dissipative scales, where it is finally converted to heat and/or particle acceleration. Current sheets constitute the dissipative structure of the system, and the associated magnetic reconnection gives rise to impulsive "bursty'' heating events at the small scales. This picture is consistent with the slender loops observed by state-of-the-art (E) UV and X-ray imagers which, although apparently quiescent, shine brightly in these wavelengths with little evidence of entangled features. The different regimes of weak and strong magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that develop and their influence on coronal heating scalings are shown to depend on the loop parameters, and this dependence is quantitatively characterized: weak turbulence regimes and steeper spectra occur in stronger loop fields and lead to larger heating rates than in weak field regions. C1 [Rappazzo, A. F.; Velli, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Einaudi, G.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Dahlburg, R. B.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Velli, M.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Rappazzo, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM rappazzo@jpl.nasa.gov; mvelli@jpl.nasa.gov; einaudi@df.unipi.it; rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1348 EP 1366 DI 10.1086/528786 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000045 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Mariska, JT Doschek, GA Hara, H AF Warren, Harry P. Winebarger, Amy R. Mariska, John T. Doschek, George A. Hara, Hirohisa TI Observation and modeling of coronal "moss'' with the EUV imaging spectrometer on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; SOFT-X-RAY; TRANSITION-REGION; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOOPS; TRACE; YOHKOH; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE AB Observations of transition region emission in solar active regions represent a powerful tool for determining the properties of hot coronal loops. We present the analysis of new observations of active region moss taken with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite. EIS observations of a density sensitive Fe XII line ratio suggest moss densities of approximately 10(10) cm(-3) and pressures of 3 x 10(16) cm(-3) K. We find that the moss intensities predicted by steady, uniformly heated loop models are too intense relative to the observations, consistent with previous work. To bring the steady heating model into agreement with the observations a filling factor is required. Our analysis indicates that the filling factor in the moss is nonuniform and varies inversely with the loop pressure. The intensities predicted by steady uniform heating are generally consistent with the EIS moss observations. There are, however, significant discrepancies for the coolest emission line available in the data we analyze. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Mariska, John T.; Doschek, George A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Winebarger, Amy R.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1395 EP 1400 DI 10.1086/529186 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000049 ER PT J AU Becker, PA Das, S Le, T AF Becker, Peter A. Das, Santabrata Le, Truong TI Particle acceleration and the formation of relativistic outflows in viscous accretion disks with shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; STANDING SHOCKS; M87; FLOWS; DYNAMICS AB In this Letter, we present a new self-consistent theory for the production of the relativistic outflows observed from radio-loud black hole candidates and active galaxies as a result of particle acceleration in hot, viscous accretion disks containing standing, centrifugally supported isothermal shocks. This is the first work to obtain the structure of such disks for a relatively large value of the Shakura-Sunyaev viscosity parameter (alpha = 0.1), and to consider the implications of the shock for the acceleration of relativistic particles in viscous disks. In our approach, the hydrodynamics and the particle acceleration are coupled and the solutions are obtained self-consistently based on a rigorous mathematical method. We find that particle acceleration in the vicinity of the shock can provide enough energy to power the observed relativistic jet in M87. C1 [Becker, Peter A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Das, Santabrata] Sejong Univ, Astrophys Res Ctr, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Le, Truong] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Becker, PA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pbecker@gmu.edu; sbdas@canopus.cnu.ac.kr; tle@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/588137 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AC UT WOS:000255237700005 ER PT J AU Eisenmann, S Penano, J Sprangle, P Zigler, A AF Eisenmann, Shmuel Penano, Joseph Sprangle, Phillip Zigler, Arie TI Effect of an energy reservoir on the atmospheric propagation of laser-plasma filaments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LIGHT FILAMENTS; TRANSPARENT MEDIA; AIR; PULSES AB The ability to select and stabilize a single filament during propagation of an ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulse in air makes it possible to examine the longitudinal structure of the plasma channel left in its wake. We present the first detailed measurements and numerical 3-D simulations of the longitudinal plasma density variation in a laser-plasma filament after it passes through an iris that blocks the surrounding energy reservoir. Since no compensation is available from the surrounding background energy, filament propagation is terminated after a few centimeters. For this experiment, simulations indicate that filament propagation is terminated by plasma defocusing and ionization loss, which reduces the pulse power below the effective self-focusing power. With no blockage, a plasma filament length of over a few meters was observed. C1 [Eisenmann, Shmuel; Zigler, Arie] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Penano, Joseph; Sprangle, Phillip] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zigler, Arie] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Eisenmann, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Eisenmann, Shmuel/F-2624-2010; zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Eisenmann, Shmuel/D-1450-2013 OI Eisenmann, Shmuel/0000-0003-1661-7040 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 15 AR 155003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.155003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290IZ UT WOS:000255117800032 PM 18518116 ER PT J AU Galkin, VE Yu, X Bielnicki, J Heuser, J Ewing, CP Guerry, P Egelman, EH AF Galkin, Vitold E. Yu, Xiong Bielnicki, Jakub Heuser, John Ewing, Cheryl P. Guerry, Patricia Egelman, Edward H. TI Divergence of quaternary structures among bacterial flagellar filaments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MOTILITY; TRANSFORMATIONS; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCE AB It has been widely assumed that the atomic structure of the flagellar filament from Salmonella typhimurium serves as a model for all bacterial flagellar filaments given the sequence conservation in the coiled- coil regions responsible for polymerization. On the basis of electron microscopic images, we show that the flagellar filaments from Campylobacter jejuni have seven protofilaments rather than the 11 in S. typhimurium. The vertebrate Toll- like receptor 5 ( TLR5) recognizes a region of bacterial flagellin that is involved in subunit- subunit assembly in Salmonella and many other pathogenic bacteria, and this short region has diverged in Campylobacter and related bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori, which are not recognized by TLR5. The driving force in the change of quaternary structure between Salmonella and Campylobacter may have been the evasion of TLR5. C1 [Galkin, Vitold E.; Yu, Xiong; Bielnicki, Jakub; Egelman, Edward H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Heuser, John] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Ewing, Cheryl P.; Guerry, Patricia] USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Egelman, EH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM egelman@virginia.edu RI Egelman, Edward/A-2488-2009; Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; OI Egelman, Edward/0000-0003-4844-5212 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI043559]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB001567] NR 25 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5874 BP 382 EP 385 DI 10.1126/science.1155307 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZZ UT WOS:000255026100046 PM 18420936 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Torres, O Diner, D Lindsey, D Hull, BV Servranckx, R Shettle, EP Li, Z AF Fromm, M. Torres, O. Diner, D. Lindsey, D. Hull, B. Vant Servranckx, R. Shettle, E. P. Li, Z. TI Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 1. Earth-viewing satellite perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; PART II; CLOUD; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; SIMULATION; CONVECTION AB The pyrocumulonimbus storm near Chisholm, Alberta, on 28 May 2001 has been studied in depth. However, the impact of this eruption on the lower stratosphere has not been characterized. Here and in a companion paper we explore this topic. This paper focuses on the "young" Chisholm smoke plume, from the age of similar to 3 h to 1 week, as observed by Earth-viewing satellite instruments. (The companion paper presents strictly profile data.) GOES visible and infrared image loops reveal the pyroconvective life cycle and initial transport of the smoke cloud. MISR stereographic heights are the first of their kind for a stratospheric cloud, showing smoke up to 5 km above the tropopause on 29 May. MODIS IR and visible images are analyzed to give constraints on plume height, thickness, and particle size. Infrared brightness temperature analyses reveal unique aspects of the "day-after" Chisholm plume. Particle sizes are 1/3 to 1/2 compared to normal cirrus crystals. The daytime 29 May plume is optically thick at tropopause temperatures yet smoky brown. A transition from deep anvil blow off to "dry" smoke is still occurring after similar to 1.5 d. TOMS aerosol index is used as a proxy for areas of particularly high smoke plume altitude. The Chisholm smoke in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is traced with AI for 1 week as the plume blows across North America to western Europe. First estimates are made of stratospheric smoke mass in relation to emissions during pyroconvection. The 29 May stratospheric Chisholm pyroCb plume contains a mass between similar to 1.39 x 10(4) and 1.09 x 10(5) t. This represents between similar to 10% and 121% of total particle mass emitted from the fire on 28 May, calling into question some frequently assumed values for smoke single scatter albedo and/or emission estimates. Strictly in terms of mass, the stratospheric Chisholm plume amounted to similar to 15% of background Northern Hemispheric stratospheric sulfate aerosol. Overall, the young pyroCb plume is seen to be a peculiar mixture of smoke aerosols and water-ice that confounds operational cloud/aerosol detection routines and exhibits extreme, and still mysterious, composition and life cycle features. C1 [Fromm, M.; Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torres, O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Diner, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lindsey, D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hull, B. Vant] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Li, Z.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009153 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MW UT WOS:000255202500003 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Shettle, EP Fricke, KH Ritter, C Trickl, T Giehl, H Gerding, M Barnes, JE O'Neill, M Massie, ST Blum, U McDermid, IS Leblanc, T Deshler, T AF Fromm, M. Shettle, E. P. Fricke, K. H. Ritter, C. Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Gerding, M. Barnes, J. E. O'Neill, M. Massie, S. T. Blum, U. McDermid, I. S. Leblanc, T. Deshler, T. TI Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 2. Vertical profile perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; POAM-III; SAGE-II; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR; AEROSOL; EXTINCTION; TRANSPORT AB Extreme pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) blowups that pollute the stratosphere have been documented on at least five occasions. However, the frequency of these events is still uncertain. One published pyroCb case study, the Chisholm Fire in May 2001, was restricted to the convective phase and its immediate aftermath. Here and in a companion paper we describe the stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyroCb. The companion paper focuses on nadir satellite views of the plume. This paper synthesizes a broad array of space-, balloon-, and ground-based profile measurements. The Chisholm pyroCb, which we identify as the singular cause of stratospheric aerosol increase in northern spring/summer of 2001, created a doubling of the zonal average aerosol optical depth in the lowermost stratosphere. The meridional spread of the plume was from the tropics (20 degrees N) to the high Arctic (79 degrees N) within the first month. The stratospheric Chisholm smoke became a hemispheric phenomenon in midlatitudes and northern tropics and persisted for at least 3 months. A size-resolved particle concentration profile over Laramie, Wyoming, indicated a lower stratospheric aerosol with a twofold to threefold increase in volume of particles with radii between 0.3 and 0.6 mm. We also find evidence of localized warming in the air masses of four of the lidar-measured smoke layers. This work contains the first reported stratospheric smoke layers measured by lidar at Ny Alesund, Esrange, Kuhlungsborn, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Boulder, and Mauna Loa. In addition, the first detection of smoke-enhanced aerosol extinction at near IR wavelengths by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) is introduced. C1 [Fromm, M.; Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fricke, K. H.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Ritter, C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Trickl, T.; Giehl, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Gerding, M.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Barnes, J. E.; O'Neill, M.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blum, U.] Forsvarets Forskningsinst, Kjeller, Norway. [McDermid, I. S.; Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Deshler, T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08203 DI 10.1029/2007JD009147 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MW UT WOS:000255202500002 ER PT J AU Cho, G Chau, CN Yesinowski, JP AF Cho, Gyunggoo Chau, Chung-Nin Yesinowski, James P. TI F-19 MAS NMR investigation of strontium substitution sites in Ca2+/Sr2+ fluorapatite solid solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; APATITE STRUCTURE; SPIN DIFFUSION; GLASS-CERAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORINE; CALCIUM AB The partial replacement of Ca2+ by Sr2+ in the fluorapatite lattice results in additional peaks in the F-19 MAS NMR spectra at 9.4 T other than the main resonance of Ca10F2(PO4)(6) at 64.0 ppm (from hexafluorobenzene). The assignment of these peaks to specific structural configurations is possible in the sample containing the least strontium, with a composition of Ca8.97Sr1.03F2(PO4)(6). The solid-solution character of this sample is established by the observation of spectral spin diffusion between various peaks in the SPARTAN (selective population anti-z and rate of transfer to adjacent nuclei) experiment. Calculations based upon modeling the F-19 chemical shift tensor show that this process is facilitated for most crystallites by the close approach of two peaks' resonances during the rotor cycle. A peak and set of spinning sidebands with an isotropic chemical shift of 79.6 ppm is assigned to fluoride ions in the center of a triangle of Ca2Sr ions (the so-called Ca(2) sites occurring as Ca3F in the fluorapatite lattice). Smaller chemical shift perturbations observed by deconvolution of two shoulders at 61.2 and 58.8 ppm on the main 64.0 ppm resonance are assigned to a Ca3F configuration that has, respectively, either one or multiple Sr2+ neighbors in the adjacent Ca(2) sites. Quantitative peak intensity measurements relative to the main 64 ppm resonance of both the 79.6 ppm peak as well as the deconvoluted peaks separately indicate that Sr2+ ions preferentially occupy the Ca(2) site at a level 23% greater than that expected for random substitution in the above solid solution. A sample having the composition Ca4.95Sr5.05F2(PO4)(6) has a qualitatively similar site preference and has peaks assigned to Ca2SrF at 70 ppm, CaSr2F at 87 ppm, and Sr3F at 105 ppm. C1 [Cho, Gyunggoo; Yesinowski, James P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Chau, Chung-Nin] Osram Sylvania Prod Inc, Towanda, PA 18848 USA. [Yesinowski, James P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM yesinowski@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 15 BP 6165 EP 6172 DI 10.1021/jp7114498 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 286YQ UT WOS:000254883100068 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Melinger, J Chung, SJ Pepitonet, M AF Kim, Oh-Kil Melinger, Joseph Chung, Sung-Jae Pepitonet, Michael TI Supramolecular device for artificial photosynthetic mimics as helix-mediated antenna/reaction center ensemble SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PURPLE BACTERIA; ENERGY; DYE; TEMPLATE; AMYLOSE; COMPLEX AB We have developed a novel integrated supramolecular device for a photosynthetic antenna/reaction center (RC) model based on a helical amylose, which plays an important role as the host for cyanine dye J-aggregation onto the helical surface and also for inclusion of a D-A chain chromophore inside the helical cavity, where the J-aggregates function as an array of photoreceptor antenna that funnel excitation across the helix to the chromophore. C1 [Kim, Oh-Kil; Chung, Sung-Jae; Pepitonet, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melinger, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oh.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1625 EP 1628 DI 10.1021/ol800320f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 287HM UT WOS:000254908000031 PM 18355072 ER PT J AU Engel, S Skoumbourdis, AP Childress, J Neumann, S Deschamps, JR Thomas, CJ Colson, AO Costanzi, S Gershengorn, MC AF Engel, Stanislav Skoumbourdis, Amanda P. Childress, John Neumann, Susanne Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Thomas, Craig J. Colson, Anny-Odile Costanzi, Stefano Gershengorn, Marvin C. TI A virtual screen for diverse ligands: Discovery of selective G protein-coupled receptor antagonists SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRH RECEPTOR; BINDING-AFFINITY; REFINED MODEL; ANALOGS; BIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; INHIBITORS AB Virtual screening has become a major focus of bioactive small molecule lead identification, and reports of agonists and antagonists discovered via virtual methods are becoming more frequent. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the one class of protein targets for which success with this approach has been limited. This is likely due to the paucity of detailed experimental information describing GPCR structure and the intrinsic function-associated structural flexibility of GPCRs which present major challenges in the application of receptor-based virtual screening. Here we describe an in silico methodology that diminishes the effects of structural uncertainty, allowing for more inclusive representation of a potential docking interaction with exogenous ligands. Using this approach, we screened one million compounds from a virtual database, and a diverse subgroup of 100 compounds was selected, leading to experimental identification of five structurally diverse antagonists of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors (TRH-R1 and TRH-R2). The chirality of the most potent chemotype was demonstrated to be important in,its binding affinity to TRH receptors; the most potent stereoisomer was noted to have a 13-fold selectivity for TRH-R1 over TRH-R2. A comprehensive mutational analysis of key amino acid residues that form the putative binding pocket of TRH receptors further verified the binding modality of these small molecule antagonists. The described virtual screening approach may prove applicable in the search for novel small molecule agonists and antagonists of other GPCRs. C1 [Engel, Stanislav; Childress, John; Neumann, Susanne; Colson, Anny-Odile; Costanzi, Stefano; Gershengorn, Marvin C.] NIDDKD, Natl Inst Hlth, Clin Endocrinol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Engel, Stanislav; Childress, John; Neumann, Susanne; Colson, Anny-Odile; Costanzi, Stefano; Gershengorn, Marvin C.] NIDDKD, Natl Inst Hlth, Biomolec Modelling Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Skoumbourdis, Amanda P.; Thomas, Craig J.] NHGRI, NIH, Chem Genom Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gershengorn, MC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Natl Inst Hlth, Clin Endocrinol Branch, 50 S Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM marving@intra.niddk.nih.gov RI Engel, Stanislav/G-2799-2013; Costanzi, Stefano/G-8990-2013; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Costanzi, Stefano/0000-0003-3183-7332 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIDA NIH HHS [Y1-DA6002-02] NR 49 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 15 BP 5115 EP 5123 DI 10.1021/ja0776201 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 287RA UT WOS:000254933000035 PM 18357984 ER PT J AU Schlessman, JL Abe, C Gittis, A Karp, DA Dolan, MA Garcia-Moreno, BE AF Schlessman, Jamie L. Abe, Colby Gittis, Apostolos Karp, Daniel A. Dolan, Michael A. Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E. TI Crystallographic study of hydration of an internal cavity in engineered proteins with buried polar or ionizable groups SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER PENETRATION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; X-RAY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SOLVENT STRUCTURE; HYDROPHOBIC CORE; BINDING-SITES AB Although internal water molecules are essential for the structure and function of many proteins, the structural and physical factors that govern internal hydration are poorly understood. We have examined the molecular determinants of internal hydration systematically, by solving the crystal structures of variants of staphylococcal nuclease with Gln-66, Asn-66, and Tyr-66 at cryo (100 K) and room (298 K) temperatures, and comparing them with existing cryo and room temperature structures of variants with Glu-66, Asp-66, Lys-66, Glu-92 or Lys-92 obtained under conditions of pH where the internal ionizable groups are in the neutral state. At cryogenic temperatures the polar moieties of all these internal side chains are hydrated except in the cases of Lys-66 and Lys-92. At room temperature the internal water molecules were observed only in variants with Glu-66 and Tyr-66; water molecules in the other variants are probably present but they are disordered and therefore undetectable crystallographically. Each internal water molecule establishes between 3 and 5 hydrogen bonds with the protein or with other internal water molecules. The strength of interactions between internal polar side chains and water molecules seems to decrease from carboxylic acids to amides to amines. Low temperature, low cavity volume, and the presence of oxygen atoms in the cavity increase the positional stability of internal water molecules. This set of structures and the physical insight they contribute into internal hydration will be useful for the development and benchmarking of computational methods for artificial hydration of pockets, cavities, and active sites in proteins. C1 [Schlessman, Jamie L.; Abe, Colby] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gittis, Apostolos; Karp, Daniel A.; Dolan, Michael A.; Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Schlessman, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schlessm@usna.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061597, GM-061597] NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 8 BP 3208 EP 3216 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.122473 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 280IP UT WOS:000254420100029 PM 18178652 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Chang, CP AF Wang, Zhuo Chang, C. -P. TI Mechanism of the asymmetric monsoon transition as simulated in an AGCM SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL CYCLE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY AB Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations are carried out to test a hypothesis (Chang et al.) for the asymmetric monsoon transition in which the maximum convection marches gradually from the Asian summer monsoon to the Asian winter monsoon during boreal fall but experiences a sudden transition in the reverse during boreal spring. In the control run, the AGCM is driven by the climatological mean sea surface temperature (SST) with a realistic annual cycle, and it reproduces the observed asymmetric monsoon transition. In the sensitivity test, the model is driven by a similarly realistic SST but whose annual cycle is symmetric. The northwestward match of the maximum convection in boreal spring becomes more gradual, resulting in an overall near-symmetric pattern for the monsoon seasonal transition. The AGCM simulations confirm the hypothesis that the atmospheric mass redistribution due to the different land-ocean thermal memories leads to a seasonally different horizontal convergence field and it facilitates the southeastward monsoon march in boreal fall, while it hinders the northwestward monsoon march in boreal spring, contributing to the asymmetric monsoon transition. C1 [Wang, Zhuo; Chang, C. -P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chang, C. -P.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zwang@nps.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1829 EP 1836 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1920.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CG UT WOS:000255169300011 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Dressick, WJ AF Brandow, Susan L. Chen, Mu-San Dulcey, Charles S. Dressick, Walter J. TI Formation of aromatic siloxane self-assembled monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; SILICA SURFACES; NATIVE-OXIDE; N-OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; DERIVATIZED SILICA; DEPOSITION PROCESS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; DIFFERENT SHAPES AB We describe reproducible protocols for the chemisorption of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), useful as imaging layers for nanolithography applications, from p-chloromethylphenyltrichlorosilane (CMPS) and 1-(dimethylchlorosilyl)-2-(p,m-chloromethylphenyl)ethane on native oxide Si wafers. Film chemisorption was monitored and characterized using water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ellipsometry measurements. Atomic force microscopy was used to monitor the onset of multilayer deposition for CMPS films, ultimately allowing film macroscopic proper-ties to be correlated with their surface coverage and nanoscale morphologies. Although our results indicate the deposition of moderate coverage, disordered SAMs under our conditions, their quality is sufficient for the fabrication of sub-100-nm-resolution metal features. The significance of our observations on the design of future imaging layers capable of molecular scale resolution in nanolithography applications is briefly discussed. C1 [Brandow, Susan L.; Chen, Mu-San; Dulcey, Charles S.; Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 92 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 3888 EP 3896 DI 10.1021/la703326m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 283PB UT WOS:000254647400029 PM 18302431 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Sanghera, JS Nguyen, VQ Bayya, SS Qadri, SB Aggarwal, ID AF Frantz, J. A. Sanghera, J. S. Nguyen, V. Q. Bayya, S. S. Qadri, S. B. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Formation of a new phase of barium copper sulfur fluoride via sputtering SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transparent conductors; crystal structure; thin films; optical materials and properties; deposition AB Thin films of barium copper sulfur fluoride (BCSF) doped with potassium were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering at a temperature of 100 degrees C. The morphology of the films was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The phase of the films was determined by use of X-ray diffractometry and electron diffraction. It is shown that, unlike bulk BCSF and previously reported BCSF films, they exhibit a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice spacing of a=6.27 angstrom. The films are transparent from the visible to at least 30 mu m, and they exhibit p-type room temperature conductivity as high as 187 S/cm. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Frantz, J. A.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Sanghera, J. S.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Bayya, S. S.; Qadri, S. B.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Hwy,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM jfrantz@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 62 IS 10-11 BP 1582 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.09.027 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 286BJ UT WOS:000254820000036 ER PT J AU Christov, I Jordan, PM AF Christov, Ivan Jordan, P. M. TI Shock bifurcation and emergence of diffusive solitons in a nonlinear wave equation with relaxation SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCONTINUITY WAVES; ACCELERATION-WAVES; TRAFFIC FLOW; SPEEDS; MODEL AB A hyperbolic generalization of Burgers' equation, which includes relaxation, is examined using analytical and numerical tools. By means of singular surface theory, the evolution of initial discontinuities (i.e. shocks) is fully classified. In addition, the parameter space is explored and the bifurcation experienced by the shock amplitude is identified. Then, by means of numerical simulations based on a Godunov-type scheme, we confirm the theoretical findings and explore the solution structure of a signaling-type initial-boundary-value problem with discontinuous boundary data. In particular, we show that diffusive solitons (or Taylor shocks) can emerge in the solution, behind the wavefront. We also show that, for certain parameter values, a shock wave becomes an acceleration wave in infinite time, an unexpected result that is the exact opposite of the well-known phenomenon of finite-time acceleration wave blow-up. Finally, the 'red light turning green' problem is re-examined. C1 [Christov, Ivan; Jordan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 043027 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/4/043027 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 289RZ UT WOS:000255072900002 ER PT J AU Orbons, SM Haftel, MI Schlockermann, C Freeman, D Milicevic, M Davis, TJ Luther-Davies, B Jamieson, DN Roberts, A AF Orbons, S. M. Haftel, M. I. Schlockermann, C. Freeman, D. Milicevic, M. Davis, T. J. Luther-Davies, B. Jamieson, D. N. Roberts, A. TI Dual resonance mechanisms facilitating enhanced optical transmission in coaxial waveguide arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; MODEL AB We experimentally and computationally demonstrate high transmission through arrays of coaxial apertures with different geometries and arrangements in silver films. By studying both periodic and random arrangements of apertures, we were able to isolate transmission enhancement phenomena owing to surface plasmon effects from those owing to the excitation of cylindrical surface plasmons within the apertures themselves. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Orbons, S. M.; Milicevic, M.; Jamieson, D. N.; Roberts, A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Haftel, M. I.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schlockermann, C.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, I Phys Inst IA, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Freeman, D.; Luther-Davies, B.] Australian Natl Univ, Laser Phys Ctr, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Davis, T. J.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. RP Roberts, A (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM annr@unimelb.edu.au RI Jamieson, David/G-3753-2010; Roberts, Ann/C-3418-2011; Davis, Timothy/B-7773-2012; Luther-Davies, Barry/D-7294-2013; OI Roberts, Ann/0000-0003-4295-9730; Davis, Timothy/0000-0002-7299-4900; Luther-Davies, Barry/0000-0002-2747-5036; Jamieson, David/0000-0001-7733-6715 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 8 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000821 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 299QC UT WOS:000255769100021 PM 18414544 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Kang, W Krener, A Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Kang, Wei Krener, Arthur Wang, Hongyun TI Homogeneous flow field effect on the control of Maxwell materials SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE upper convected Maxwell model; controllability; Lie algebra ID SHEAR-FLOW AB The controllability of viscoelastic fields is a fundamental concept that defines some essential capabilities and limitations of the resulting materials. In this paper, we study the controllability of different homogeneous flow fields of viscoelastic fluids governed by the upper convected Maxwell model. The approach is largely based on the nonlinear geometric control theory. Through the analysis of the control Lie algebra, we find the submanifolds in the state space on which the homogeneous flow fields are weakly controllable. Our approach can be generalized to more complicated systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Hong; Kang, Wei; Krener, Arthur] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,SP-250, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 150 IS 2-3 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.10.015 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 292WE UT WOS:000255296000004 ER PT J AU Borowsky, J Lu, Q Collins, GE AF Borowsky, Joseph Lu, Qin Collins, Greg E. TI High pressure electroosmotic pump based on a packed bed planar microchip SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE electrokinetic; electroosmotic flow; pumping; high pressure ID CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; FLOW; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; MICROPUMPS; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY AB A high pressure electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump was fabricated within a glass substrate and tested to characterize its fluid dynamic performance. The EOF pump was constructed on a compact, planar microchip platform with (L x W x D) dimensions of 10 cm x 3.6 cm x 0.3 cm. The pumping region itself consisted of a straight channel (3 cm x 160 mu m x 62 mu m) uniformly packed with 3.38 mu m silica microspheres held in place by a microfabricated weir structure. Characterization of the microchip EOF pump included pressure and flow rate measurements as a function of voltage and system backpressure for a buffered aqueous fluid containing 10 mM cyclohexylamino alkyl sulfonate CHES. Measurements indicate a maximum pressure of 25 atm and a maximum measured flow rate of 85 nL/min. Linear relationships of pressure and flow rate with voltage were confirmed. Current measurements show linear profiles with voltage for flow rate and maximum pressure measurements, indicating minimal effects due to Joule heating under either test condition. Design and performance considerations relating to fluid dynamic considerations are discussed. The large pressures generated electrokinetically by the microchip EOF pump show the potential for a compact motive source that allows for easy integration with applications requiring high pressures. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Borowsky, Joseph; Lu, Qin; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 131 IS 1 SI SI BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.030 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 294SU UT WOS:000255426800050 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, J Ackleson, SG Levine, ER AF O'Donnell, James Ackleson, Steven G. Levine, Edward R. TI On the spatial scales of a river plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BUOYANT SURFACE PLUME; LENGTH SCALES; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; MODELS; FRONT; HYDRODYNAMICS; CONVERGENCE; CURRENTS; DENSITY AB We report observations of the structure of the front that surrounds the plume of the Connecticut River in Long Island Sound (LIS). Salinity, temperature, and velocity in the near-surface waters were measured by both towed and ship-mounted sensors and an autonomous underwater vehicle. We find that the plume front extends south from the mouth of the river, normal to the direction of the tidal flow in LIS and then curves to the east to parallel the tidal current. The layer depth at the front and the cross-front jumps in salinity and near-surface velocity all tend to decrease as distance from the source increases. This is qualitatively consistent with the prediction of layer models. In the across-front direction, the plume layer depth increases from zero to the asymptotic value within a few times the plume depth (similar to 5 m). Vertical motion is generated in this zone, and there is evidence of overturning. Farther from the front, the high-frequency salinity standard deviation decays exponentially with a length scale of 30 m. Assuming that the salinity fluctuations are a consequence of turbulence, we find that the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation decreases exponentially in the across-front direction with a decay scale L(G) approximate to 15 m. Estimates based on AUV-mounted shear probes are consistent with this estimate. We present an explanation of the physics that determines LG and provide a simple formula to guide the choice of resolution in models that are designed to resolve the frontal structure. C1 [O'Donnell, James] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Ackleson, Steven G.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22043 USA. [Levine, Edward R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP O'Donnell, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM james.odonnell@uconn.edu NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C4 AR C04017 DI 10.1029/2007JC004440 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 289TR UT WOS:000255077300005 ER PT J AU Riffel, RA Storchi-Bergmann, T Winge, C McGregor, PJ Beck, T Schmitt, H AF Riffel, Rogemar A. Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa Winge, Claudia McGregor, Peter J. Beck, Tracy Schmitt, Henrique TI Mapping of molecular gas inflow towards the Seyfert nucleus of NGC 4051 using Gemini NIFS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC4051; galaxies : kinematics; galaxies : Seyfert; infrared : galaxies ID NARROW-LINE REGION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE MASS; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; HYDROGEN EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VELOCITY DISPERSION AB We present 2D stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner similar to 130x180 pc(2) of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 at a sampling of 4.5 pc, from near-infrared K-band spectroscopic observations obtained with the Gemini's Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) operating with the ALTAIR adaptive optics module. We have used the CO absorption band heads around 2.3 mu m to obtain the stellar kinematics which show the turnover of the rotation curve at only approximate to 55 pc from the nucleus, revealing a highly concentrated gravitational potential. The stellar velocity dispersion of the bulge is approximate to 60 km s(-1) - implying on a nuclear black hole mass of approximate to 10(6) M-circle dot - within which patches of lower velocity dispersion suggest the presence of regions of more recent star formation. From measurements of the emission-line profiles we have constructed 2D maps for the flux distributions, line ratios, radial velocities and gas velocity dispersions for the H-2, H II and [Ca VIII] emitting gas. Each emission-line samples a distinct kinematics. The Br gamma emission-line shows no rotation as well as no blueshifts or redshifts in excess of 30 km s(-1), and is thus not restricted to the galaxy plane. The [Ca VIII] coronal region is compact but resolved, extending over the inner 75 pc. It shows the highest blueshifts - of up to -250 km s(-1), and the highest velocity dispersions, interpreted as due to outflows from the active nucleus, supporting an origin close to the nucleus. Subtraction of the stellar velocity field from the gaseous velocity field has allowed us to isolate non-circular motions observed in the H-2 emitting gas. The most conspicuous kinematic structures are two nuclear spiral arms - one observed in blueshift in the far side of the galaxy (to the north-east), and the other observed in redshift in the near side of the galaxy (to the south-west). We interpret these structures as inflows towards the nucleus, a result similar to those of previous studies in which we have found streaming motions along nuclear spirals in ionized gas using optical Integral Filed Unit (IFU) observations. We have calculated the mass inflow rate along the nuclear spiral arms, obtaining M-H2 approximate to 4 x 10(-5) M-circle dot yr(-1), a value similar to 100 times smaller than the accretion rate necessary to power the active nucleus. This can be understood as due to the fact that we are only seeing the hot 'skin' (the H-2 emitting gas) of the total mass inflow rate, which is probably dominated by cold molecular gas. From the H-2 emission-line ratios we conclude that X-ray heating can account for the observed emission, but the H-2 lambda 2.1218 mu m/Br gamma line ratio suggests some contribution from shocks in localized regions close to the compact radio jet. C1 [Riffel, Rogemar A.; Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, IF, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Winge, Claudia] AURA Inc, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [McGregor, Peter J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Beck, Tracy] No Operat, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Schmitt, Henrique] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schmitt, Henrique] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA USA. RP Riffel, RA (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, IF, CP 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM rogemar@ufrgs.br RI Riffel, Rogemar/K-8452-2012 NR 66 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 3 BP 1129 EP 1142 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12936.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282YW UT WOS:000254604600003 ER PT J AU Brosius, JW Rabin, DM Thomas, RJ Landi, E AF Brosius, Jeffrey W. Rabin, Douglas M. Thomas, Roger J. Landi, Enrico TI Analysis of a solar coronal bright point Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum from the EUNIS sounding rocket instrument SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; HIGH TIME RESOLUTION; 304 ANGSTROM LINE; EMISSION-LINES; ACTIVE-REGION; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; ATOMIC DATABASE; MAGNETIC CANCELLATION; SUN AB We present a well-calibrated EUV spectrum of a solar coronal bright point observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) sounding rocket instrument on 2006 April 12. The coronal bright point brightened around 06:30 UT during a period of emerging magnetic flux and remained bright at least until the rocket flight around 18: 12 UT, while the magnetic flux merged and canceled. Density-sensitive line intensity ratios yield mutually consistent coronal electron densities (N-e in cm(-3)) of log N-e approximate to 9.4. The differential emission measure (DEM, in cm(-5) K-1) curve derived from the spectrum yields a peak of log DEM approximate to 20.70 at log T approximate to 6,15 and a local minimum of log DEM approximate to 20.15 at log T approximate to 5.35. Photospheric (not coronal) element abundances are required to achieve equality and consistency in the DEM derived from lines of Mg V, Mg VI, Mg VII, and Ca VII (with a low first ionization potential, or FIP) and lines from Ne IV and Ne V (with a high FIP) formed at transition region temperatures. The bright point's photospheric abundance is likely produced by reconnection-driven chromospheric evaporation, a process that is not only central to existing bright point models, but also consistent with measurements of relative Doppler velocities. C1 [Brosius, Jeffrey W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Catholic Univ Amer, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brosius, JW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Catholic Univ Amer, Solar Phys Lab, Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeffery.w.brosius@nasa.gov; douglas.m.rabin@nasa.gov; roger.j.thomas@nasa.gov; enrico.landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1086/528930 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300064 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ AF Johnson, Thomas J. TI Recently discovered small polar motion loops and their atmospheric excitation mechanism SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article AB Polar motion is the relative motion of the solid Earth with respect to its rotational axis. Recently, small loops have been discovered in unfiltered polar motion observations. These loops with periods less than 21 d and sizes ranging from a silver dollar coin to a compact disc (when projected onto the surface of the Earth) are currently observable because every similar to 6.4 years the Chandler, annual, and semiannual variations that dominate this motion destructively interfere and act like a high-pass filter. These loops, as well as diurnal polar motion variations, are shown to be significantly correlated to variations in atmospheric angular momentum that result primarily from rapid fluctuations in atmospheric pressure fields with the contributions from the winds playing a smaller variable role. Finally, the results show that variations in the speed of weather patterns and whether or not the surface winds are interacting with land or oceans have an effect on polar motion that is observable with current geodetic observational techniques. C1 [Johnson, Thomas J.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Geodesy & Geophys Div, Basic & Appl Res Off, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Johnson, Thomas J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Geodesy & Geophys Div, Basic & Appl Res Off, 12310 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop P-126, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM thomas.j.johnson@nga.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04407 DI 10.1029/2007JB005181 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289UA UT WOS:000255078200001 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Bourassa, MA AF Kara, A. B. Wallcraft, A. J. Bourassa, M. A. TI Air-sea stability effects on the 10 m winds over the global ocean: Evaluations of air-sea flux algorithms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PARAMETERIZATION; PROGRESS; COARE; SPEED AB Spatial and temporal variability of the impact of air-sea stratification on the differences between satellite-derived 10 m equivalent neutral wind speeds and stability-dependent (e. g., in situ) 10 m wind speeds are quantitatively examined over the global ocean. The influences of stability are compared with three air-sea flux algorithms, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (version 3.0), Bourassa-Vincent-Wood, and Liu-Katsaros-Businger. Analyses are first presented at many individual buoy locations and then are extended to the global ocean with the use of rain-free wind measurements from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite, gridded at a resolution of 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees. Overall, stability-dependent winds are found to be weaker than equivalent neutral winds by 0.2 m s(-1) on the basis of 7619 monthly mean values from 208 buoys during 2000-2005. Differences based on hourly winds can be as large as +/- 0.5 m s(-1). Results remain robust regardless of which air-sea flux algorithm is used. Monthly rain-free gridded QuikSCAT measurements, combined with atmospheric stability determined using near-surface variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis, demonstrate the effects of stratification on the 10 m winds globally. Differences in stability-dependent and neutral winds are substantially nonsymmetrical and reveal locations where the former is stronger than the latter. These differences may cause physically significant biases in air-sea fluxes if they are not properly considered, especially near the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream current systems. C1 [Kara, A. B.; Wallcraft, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bourassa, M. A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. [Bourassa, M. A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320 Bldg 1009 Stennis Sopace Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C4 AR C04009 DI 10.1029/2007JC004324 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 289TP UT WOS:000255077100002 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. TI On the growth and decay of transverse acceleration waves on a nonlinear, externally damped string SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; DISCONTINUITIES; STABILITY; EQUATION; FLUIDS AB We examine the growth and decay of transverse acceleration waves on a nonlinear string whose motion takes place in a resisting medium. It is shown that one effect of external damping is to increase, with respect to the undamped case, the rate at which growth/decay of the wave's amplitude takes place. In addition, the effects of the string's initial velocity are examined, a stability analysis is carried out, and a series of numerical simulations of acceleration waves on a finite string are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD APR 8 PY 2008 VL 311 IS 3-5 BP 597 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.09.024 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 272PR UT WOS:000253872300001 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Lin, CJ Rackaitis, M Roland, CM AF Robertson, C. G. Lin, C. J. Rackaitis, M. Roland, C. M. TI Influence of particle size and polymer-filler coupling on viscoelastic glass transition of particle-reinforced polymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER; CARBON-BLACK; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; RANDOM IONOMERS; BOUND RUBBER; BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITES; ELASTOMERS; POLYBUTADIENE AB The viscoelastic glass-to-rubber softening transition is analyzed for various cross-linked polymers reinforced with filler particles. We find that the loss modulus peak corresponding to the segmental relaxation process (glass transition) is not significantly affected by the particle surface area in carbon black-filled polybutadiene or by silane chemical coupling of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) to silica. Large differences in shape and magnitude of the peak in the loss tangent (tan delta) vs temperature are noted for these materials; however, this is due to variations in the storage modulus at small strains in the rubbery state, which is influenced by the nature of the jammed filler network. The use of a simple relaxation model demonstrates this feature of the viscoclastic glass transition in filled rubber. It is not necessary to invoke concepts involving a mobility-restricted polymer layer near the filler surfaces to explain the viscoelastic results. Atomic force microscopy conducted with an ultrasharp tungsten tip indicates that there may be some stiffening of the elastomer in the proximity of filler particles, but this does not translate into an appreciable effect on the segmental dynamics in these materials. C1 [Robertson, C. G.; Lin, C. J.; Rackaitis, M.] Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. [Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robertson, CG (reprint author), Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, 1200 Firestone Parkway, Akron, OH 44317 USA. EM chris99robertson@yahoo.com RI Rackaitis, Mindaugas/E-7723-2010; Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 54 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2727 EP 2731 DI 10.1021/ma7022364 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 283OG UT WOS:000254645200062 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, MC Chan, Y Sethian, JD AF Friedman, M. Myers, M. C. Chan, Y. Sethian, J. D. TI Properties of ceramic honeycomb cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AREA ELECTRON-BEAM; EMISSION; LASER AB A high current electron beam was emitted from slabs of ceramic honeycomb that were placed 2 mm in front of the primary electron emitters. Inside the ceramic honeycomb pores, the primary electrons are multiplied many folds by a secondary emission process creating plasma from which the electron beam was emitted. Measurements show that there was no anode-cathode gap closure during the pulse duration and a uniform current density distribution was observed on the anode. Contrary to the measurements of "conventional" large area field emission cathodes, no transit time instability was observed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Friedman, M.; Myers, M. C.; Chan, Y.; Sethian, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), CTI Alexandria, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM friedman@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 14 AR 141501 DI 10.1063/1.2904637 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 287TX UT WOS:000254940500016 ER PT J AU Cambrea, LR Irvin, D AF Cambrea, Lee R. Irvin, David TI COLL 498-Nanocolloidal substrates for surface enhanced raman spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cambrea, Lee R.; Irvin, David] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM lee.cambrea@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 498-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103499 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Bianchi, TS Furukawa, Y AF Chatterjee, Aparupa Bianchi, Thomas S. Furukawa, Yoko TI GEOC 165-Tracing the long and short-term effects of Katrina on the composition of organic carbon of sediments in Mississippi Sound (USA): Application of plant pigment and lignins as chemical biomarkers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chatterjee, Aparupa; Bianchi, Thomas S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Furukawa, Yoko] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM aparupa.chatterjee@gmail.com; tbianchi@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 165-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105135 ER PT J AU Denzel, JR O'Sullivan, DW Luning, DJ Capel, MG AF Denzel, Jeffrey R. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Luning, Dianne J. Capel, Matthew G. TI ANYL 122-Characterization of the photochemical degradation products of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Denzel, Jeffrey R.; O'Sullivan, Daniel W.; Luning, Dianne J.; Capel, Matthew G.] USN Acad, Undergrad Student Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m091746@usna.edu; osulliva@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 122-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100393 ER PT J AU Drane, TM Geselbracht, MJ Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Drane, Thomas M. Geselbracht, Margret J. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI INOR 786-Spectroelectrochemical investigation of the lithium ion insertion behavior of V2O5 films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Drane, Thomas M.; Geselbracht, Margret J.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dranet@reed.edu; mgeselbr@reed.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 786-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106300 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Watkins, J AF Furukawa, Yoko Watkins, Janet TI GEOC 58-Aggregation of suspended particulate materials in Pearl River, Mississippi and implications for the microfabric of estuarine sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Furukawa, Yoko; Watkins, Janet] USN, Seafloor Sci Branch, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil; jwatkins@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 58-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105128 ER PT J AU Gauthier, CV Jorgensen, A Burgener, M Furukawa, Y Jackson, KM Montes, I Trent, JB AF Gauthier, Carmen Valdez Jorgensen, Andy Burgener, Marisa Furukawa, Yoko Jackson, Kara M. Montes, Ingrid Trent, Jeffrey B. TI CHED 80-Chemists Celebrate Earth Day 2008: Streaming chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gauthier, Carmen Valdez] Florida So Coll, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Jorgensen, Andy] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Burgener, Marisa] Amer Chem Soc, Off Community Act, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Furukawa, Yoko] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Jackson, Kara M.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Montes, Ingrid] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Trent, Jeffrey B.] Columbus State Community Coll, Biol & Phys Sci Dept, Columbus, OH 43228 USA. EM cgauthier@flsouthern.edu; andy.jorgensen@utoledo.edu; m_burgener@acs.org; kara.jackson@stjude.org; imontes@upracd.upr.clu.edu; jtrent@cscc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 80-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102411 ER PT J AU Goldman, AH Copper, CL Giordano, BC Collins, GE AF Goldman, Ashton H. Copper, Christine L. Giordano, Braden C. Collins, Greg E. TI ANYL 52-Novel online preconcentration and direct UV detection of toxic metal ions using capillary electrophoresis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Goldman, Ashton H.; Copper, Christine L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Giordano, Braden C.; Collins, Greg E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ccopper@usna.edu; greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 52-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100401 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Yandek, GR Baldwin, LC Cambrea, LR Jones, C Roberts, MJ AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Yandek, Gregory R. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Cambrea, Lee R. Jones, Conrad Roberts, M. Joseph TI PMSE 417-Discrete hybrid nanoparticles formed by rapid bulk thermal cure of monotethered POSS-bis(cyanate ester) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Petteys, Brian J.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Jones, Conrad; Roberts, M. Joseph] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; Michael.Wright@navy.mil; lee.cambrea@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 417-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109082 ER PT J AU Hess, DM Guenthner, AJ AF Hess, David M. Guenthner, Andrew J. TI PMSE 509-Fabrication and durability of polymer sparse network microstructures formed by viscoelastic phase separation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hess, David M.; Guenthner, Andrew J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 509-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109463 ER PT J AU Higgins, BA Simonson, DL McGill, RA AF Higgins, Bernadette A. Simonson, Duane L. McGill, R. Andrew TI POLY 425-Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched sorbent carbosilane polymers for chemical agents and explosives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Higgins, Bernadette A.] USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Simonson, Duane L.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bernadette.higgins@nrl.navy.mil; simonson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; amcgill@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 425-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800724 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Witker, DL Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA Closson, AP AF Irvin, David J. Witker, David L. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. Closson, Adam P. TI POLY 609-Poly(3,4-difluorothiophene) as a stable electrochemically n-doping polymer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Irvin, David J.] USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Witker, David L.] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Stenger-Smith, John D.; Closson, Adam P.] NAWCWPNS, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Div Analyt Chem, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM david.irvin@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 609-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800474 ER PT J AU Juromski, KL Marteel-Parrish, AE Parrish, DA Damavarapu, R Zang, MX AF Juromski, Katie L. Marteel-Parrish, Anne E. Parrish, Damon A. Damavarapu, Reddy Zang, Maoxi TI CHED 1159-Crystal structure of tris(4-acetamidophenoxymethyl) methanol hydrate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Marteel-Parrish, Anne E.] Washington Coll, Dept Chem, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Damavarapu, Reddy; Zang, Maoxi] Geocenters Inc, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM kjuromski2@washcoll.edu; amarteel2@washcoll.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1159-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102018 ER PT J AU Kim, J Furukawa, Y Curry, KJ Bennett, R AF Kim, Jinwook Furukawa, Yoko Curry, Kenneth J. Bennett, Richard TI GEOC 202-Role of a biopolymer in montmorillonite flocculation: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kim, Jinwook] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Curry, Kenneth J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Bennett, Richard] SEAPROBE Inc, Picayune, MS 39466 USA. EM jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil; yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil; kenneth.curry@usm.edu; rhbenn_seaprobe@bellsouth.net RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 202-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105153 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM Dominguez, DD AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. Dominguez, Dawn D. TI POLY 412-Hyperbranched networks containing POSS cores and carborane-containing linkers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K.; Dominguez, Dawn D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil; teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil; dawn.dominguez@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 412-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800164 ER PT J AU Lai, WW Irvin, DJ Stenger-Smith, JD Irvin, JA AF Lai, William W. Irvin, David J. Stenger-Smith, John D. Irvin, Jennifer A. TI PMSE 451-Pyridine derived BBL-like polymer for organic supercapacitor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lai, William W.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Stenger-Smith, John D.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Irvin, Jennifer A.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Analyt Chem, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM william.lai@navy.mil; david.irvin@navy.mil; john.stenger-smith@navy.mil; jennifer.irvin@navy.mil RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 451-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109505 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF AF Lloyd, Christopher T. Cozzens, Robert F. TI I&EC 88-Correlation of polymeric molecular structure with ablation energy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lloyd, Christopher T.; Cozzens, Robert F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.lloyd@nrl.navy.mil; cozzens@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 88-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105258 ER PT J AU Long, JW Laskoski, M Keller, TM Pettigrew, KA Qadri, SB AF Long, Jeffrey W. Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Qadri, Syed B. TI FUEL 232-Bulk carbon nanotube solids via in situ carbonization of low-cost organic precursors with organometallic catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.] USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil; teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil; qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 232-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104627 ER PT J AU Long, JW Fischer, AE Lytle, JC Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Fischer, Anne E. Lytle, Justin C. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Rolison, Debra R. TI COLL 486-Multifunctional carbon nanoarchitectures as designer platforms for electrochemical power sources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Long, Jeffrey W.; Fischer, Anne E.; Lytle, Justin C.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 486-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103695 ER PT J AU Major, JW Gutteridge, CE Bhattacharjee, AK AF Major, Joshua W. Gutteridge, Clare E. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. TI CHED 1284-Antimalarial activity of aryl-substituted 2-ethoxyacetamides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Major, Joshua W.; Gutteridge, Clare E.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu; gutterid@usna.edu; apurba.bhattacharjee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1284-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101678 ER PT J AU McKinney, BE Urban, JJ AF McKinney, Brian E. Urban, Joseph J. TI CHED 604-Fluoroalkenes as peptide bond replacements: A computational study of the conformational ramifications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McKinney, Brian E.; Urban, Joseph J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m084446@usna.edu; urban@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 604-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101856 ER PT J AU Montfort, C Marteel-Parrish, AE Parrish, DA Bottaro, J Petrie, M AF Montfort, Christina Marteel-Parrish, Anne E. Parrish, Damon A. Bottaro, Jeffrey Petrie, Mark TI CHED 1158-Crystal structure of 1,5-diamino-1H-tetrazolium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate hemihydrate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Montfort, Christina; Marteel-Parrish, Anne E.] Washington Coll, Dept Chem, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bottaro, Jeffrey; Petrie, Mark] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cmontfort2@washcoll.edu; amarteel2@washcoll.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1158-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775102630 ER PT J AU Moore, JB Dillner, DK AF Moore, John Blaine Dillner, Debra K. TI CHED 446-Stereocontrolled formation of a quaternary carbon using a rigid bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moore, John Blaine; Dillner, Debra K.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m084698@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 446-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101669 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, SE AF O'Reilly, S. Erin TI GEOC 47-Long-term monitoring of Mississippi Sound sediment heavy metal concentrations post-Katrina SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [O'Reilly, S. Erin] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Seafloor Sci Branch, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM eoreilly@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 47-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105204 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Shen, HW Snow, JA Higbie, A Heikes, BG AF O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Shen, Haiwei Snow, Julie A. Higbie, Amy Heikes, Bnian G. TI ENVR 208-Atmospheric gas phase hydrogen peroxide determination using acridinium ester chemiluminescence SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Shen, Haiwei; Higbie, Amy; Heikes, Bnian G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Snow, Julie A.] Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu; hshen@gso.uni.edu; julie.snow@sru.edu; ahigbie@gso.uri.edu; bheikes@gso.uni.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 208-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104387 ER PT J AU Page, EC Reichert, WM Henderson, WA Hanley, MG De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Page, Eric C. Reichert, W. Matthew Henderson, Wesley A. Hanley, Matthew G. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI CHED 724-Dissolution and reconstitution of silk to form multifunctional silk membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Page, Eric C.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Hanley, Matthew G.; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM m085082@usna.edu; reichert@usna.edu; whender@ncsu.edu; trulove@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 724-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101827 ER PT J AU Pant, RR Wynne, JH Fulmer, PA Lloyd, CT Santangelo, PG Phillips, P AF Pant, Ramesh R. Wynne, James H. Fulmer, Preston A. Lloyd, Christopher T. Santangelo, Patrick G. Phillips, Paige TI PMSE 321-Synthesis of highly branched silicone-epoxy resin systems for marine coating SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pant, Ramesh R.; Wynne, James H.; Fulmer, Preston A.; Lloyd, Christopher T.; Santangelo, Patrick G.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phillips, Paige] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ramesh.pant@nrl.navy.mil; james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil; preston.fulmer@nrl.navy.mil; christopher.lloyd@nrl.navy.mil; janice.phillips@usm.edu RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 321-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109061 ER PT J AU Paul, NM Floresca, CZ Taylor, M Luedtke, RR Deschamps, JR Newman, AH AF Paul, Noel M. Floresca, Christina Z. Taylor, Michelle Luedtke, Robert R. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Newman, Amy H. TI MEDI 48-Tuning affinity on a tropane framework for dopamine D2/D3 receptor subtype ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Paul, Noel M.; Newman, Amy H.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Floresca, Christina Z.; Taylor, Michelle; Luedtke, Robert R.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Neurosci, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pauln@mail.nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 48-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775107013 ER PT J AU Renninger, CH Whitaker, CM AF Renninger, Christopher H. Whitaker, Craig M. TI ORGN 672-Synthesis and characterization of carbon aerogels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Renninger, Christopher H.; Whitaker, Craig M.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cwhitake@usna.edu; cwhitake@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 672-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775107574 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Long, JW Lytle, JC Fischer, AE Chervin, CN Pettigrew, KA Geselbracht, MJ Saunders, MP AF Rolison, Debra R. Long, Jeffrey W. Lytle, Justin C. Fischer, Anne E. Chervin, Christopher N. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Geselbracht, Margret J. Saunders, Matthew P. TI I&EC 27-Architectural design, interior decoration, and 3-D plumbing en route to multifunctional nanoarchitecturesuespecially for energy storage and conversion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Lytle, Justin C.; Fischer, Anne E.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Geselbracht, Margret J.; Saunders, Matthew P.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil; debra.rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 27-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105323 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Chervin, CN Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Lytle, JC AF Rolison, Debra R. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Lytle, Justin C. TI COLL 362-Air- and water-stable metallic nanowebs of ruthenium dioxide self-wired onto (dirt-cheap) glass filter paper SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Lytle, Justin C.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 362-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103748 ER PT J AU Schall, JD Harrison, JA Gao, GT Knippenberg, MT Mikulski, PT AF Schall, J. David Harrison, Judith A. Gao, Guangtu Knippenberg, M. Todd Mikulski, Paul T. TI COLL 425-Tribochemistry of diamondlike carbon in a hydrogen atmosphere SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schall, J. David; Harrison, Judith A.; Gao, Guangtu; Knippenberg, M. Todd] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mikulski, Paul T.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schall@usna.edu; jah@usna.edu; gao@usna.edu; knippenb@usna.edu; mikulski@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 425-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103537 ER PT J AU Shirk, JS Sandrock, ML Beadie, G Lepkowicz, RS Jin, Y Ranade, A Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Shirk, James S. Sandrock, Marie L. Beadie, Guy Lepkowicz, Richard S. Jin, Yi Ranade, Aditya Baer, Eric Hiltner, Anne TI PMSE 214-Nanolayered optical polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shirk, James S.; Beadie, Guy] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sandrock, Marie L.] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lepkowicz, Richard S.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. [Jin, Yi; Ranade, Aditya; Baer, Eric; Hiltner, Anne] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ranade, Aditya] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM james.shirk@nrl.navy.mil; exb6@case.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 214-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109241 ER PT J AU Simmers, C Chang, EL Knight, DA AF Simmers, Christa Chang, Eddie L. Knight, D. Andrew TI MEDI 27-Cobalt(III) amine complexes as a potential antibacterial drugs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Simmers, Christa; Knight, D. Andrew] Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Chang, Eddie L.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM csimmer@loyno.edu; daknight@loyno.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 27-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775107275 ER PT J AU Stafford, AT Fitzgerald, JP AF Stafford, Andrew T. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. TI CHED 1190-Metallotetraazoporphyrins as oxygen atom transfer and dioxygen activation catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stafford, Andrew T.; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fitzgera@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1190-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101725 ER PT J AU Swogger, LM Fitzgerald, JP Flom, SR Shirk, JS AF Swogger, Logan M. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Flom, Steven R. Shirk, James S. TI CHED 1176-Highly-soluble metallotetraazaporphyrin: Potential optical limiters for use in photodiodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Swogger, Logan M.; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Flom, Steven R.; Shirk, James S.] USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM m086552@usna.edu; fitzgera@usna.edu; flom@nrl.navy.mil; james.shirk@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1176-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101855 ER PT J AU Travis, SS Ferrante, RF Moore, MH AF Travis, Samuel S. Ferrante, Robert F. Moore, Marla H. TI PHYS 381-Low temperature spectroscopic studies of acetylene-water ices relevant to astrophysical environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Travis, Samuel S.; Ferrante, Robert F.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Moore, Marla H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM m086756@usna.edu; ferrante@usna.edu; Marla.H.Moore@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 381-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108842 ER PT J AU Wright, M Homer, V Guenthner, A Hickle, W Harvey, B AF Wright, Michael Homer, Vincent Guenthner, Andrew Hickle, William Harvey, Benjamin TI I&EC 2-New biofuels based on biobutanol: NAVY jet fuels and more SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wright, Michael; Guenthner, Andrew; Hickle, William] USN, NAVAIR Res Dept, China Lake NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Homer, Vincent] USN, NAVAIR Fire Sci Dept, NAWCWD China Lake, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Harvey, Benjamin] NAVAIR NAWCWD, Res Dept, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.wright@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 2-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105287 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Brizzolara, RA Jones-Meehan, JM Fulmer, PA Pant, RR AF Wynne, James H. Brizzolara, Robert A. Jones-Meehan, Joanne M. Fulmer, Preston A. Pant, Ramesh R. TI PMSE 367-Development of antimicrobial materials utilizing surface-active biocides in a resin matrix SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wynne, James H.; Fulmer, Preston A.; Pant, Ramesh R.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brizzolara, Robert A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Jones-Meehan, Joanne M.] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. EM james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil; joanne.jones-meehan@dhs.gov; preston.fulmer@nrl.navy.mil RI Fulmer, Preston/L-7702-2014 OI Fulmer, Preston/0000-0002-2981-576X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 367-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109074 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Doyle, JD May, P Chavanne, C Flament, P Arnone, RA AF Pullen, Julie Doyle, James D. May, Paul Chavanne, Cedric Flament, Pierre Arnone, Robert A. TI Monsoon surges trigger oceanic eddy formation and propagation in the lee of the Philippine Islands SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; GRAN-CANARIA; EDDIES; WINTER; CIRCULATION; FEATURES; SHEAR; MODEL; FLOW AB Two winter monsoon surge events (northerly and easterly) of January 2005 are captured in a one-way coupled atmosphere (8 km resolution) and ocean (3 km resolution) simulation of the Philippines region. Intensified wind jets and wakes in the lee of Mindoro and Luzon Islands induce the generation and migration of a pair of counter-rotating oceanic eddies in the model, with propagation direction related to the orientation of the winds during each of the surges. Features shared by the eddies include size (100 200 km), depth (similar to 300 m) and propagation speed (0.1-0.15 m s(-1) for cyclones). Mean wintertime model wind stress positive (negative) curl coincides with the climatological cyclone (anticyclone) distribution from a prior 8-year altimetry-based census of eddies in the southeast quadrant of the South China Sea during the winter monsoon. Moreover, the simulation results agree with contemporaneous satellite and historical in situ data characterizing regional oceanic eddy and atmospheric surface jet properties. C1 [Pullen, Julie; Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [May, Paul] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Chavanne, Cedric; Flament, Pierre] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Arnone, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chavanne, Cedric/D-1310-2011 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 AR L07604 DI 10.1029/2007GL033109 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 284OX UT WOS:000254716800006 ER PT J AU Gatewood, DS Schull, TL Baturina, O Pietron, JJ Garsany, Y Swider-Lyons, KE Ramaker, DE AF Gatewood, Daniel S. Schull, Terence L. Baturina, Olga Pietron, Jeremy J. Garsany, Yannick Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Ramaker, David E. TI Characterization of ligand effects on water activation in triarylphosphine-stabilized Pt nanoparticle catalysts by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION; PT-H EXAFS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; SHAPE RESONANCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; PARTICLE-SIZE; FUEL-CELL; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLITE SIZE; ADSORPTION SITES AB The synthesis, preparation, and electrochemical characterization of triphenylphosphine triphosphonate (TPPTP) stabilized Pt particles have been reported previously with the observation that the TPPTP ligands increase the specific activity of Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work the ORR activity of the Pt/ TPPTP electrocatalyst is probed by analyzing water activation with Pt L-3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the EXAFS and Delta XANES analysis techniques. The results are compared with that for similarly prepared Pt/C and Pt stabilized by an oxidized TPPTP ligand (Pt/ox-TPPTP). The Pt particles in the Pt/ TPPTP catalyst at 0.54 V (RHE) are complexed via the P (i.e., Pt-P 1250 days. Based on the microlensing of images A and B, we estimate that the accretion disk size at a rest wavelength of 2300 angstrom is 10(14.8+/- 0.3) cm for a disk inclination of cos i = 1/2, which is consistent with the microlensing disk size-lack hole mass correlation function given our estimate of the black hole mass from the Mg II line width of log M-BH/M-circle dot 8.4 +/- 0.2. The long delays allow us to fill in the seasonal gaps and assemble a continuous, densely sampled light curve spanning 5.7 yr whose variability implies a structure function with a logarithmic slope of beta = 0.52 +/- 0.02. As C is the leading image, sharp features in the C light curve can be intensively studied 2.3 yr later in the A/B pair, potentially allowing detailed reverberation mapping studies of a quasar at minimal cost. C1 [Fohlmeister, J.; Wambsganss, J.] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, C. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, C. W.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Morgan, C. W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fohlmeister, J (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1086/528789 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600002 ER PT J AU Linnell, AP Godon, P Hubeny, I Sion, EM Szkody, P Barrett, PE AF Linnell, Albert P. Godon, Patrick Hubeny, Ivan Sion, Edward M. Szkody, Paula Barrett, Paul E. TI Synthetic spectrum constraints on a model of the cataclysmic variable QU Carinae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (constellation name : QU Carinae); white dwarfs ID RESONANCE-ABSORPTION LINES; DWARF-NOVA OUTBURSTS; LIGHT-CURVE ANALYSIS; ACCRETION DISKS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTHS LONGWARD; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; WHITE-DWARFS; LYMAN LIMIT AB Neither standard model SEDs nor truncated standard model SEDs fit observed spectra of QU Carinae with acceptable accuracy over the range 900-3000 angstrom. Nonstandard model SEDs fit the observation set accurately. The nonstandard accretion disk models have a hot region extending from the white dwarf to R = 1.36R(WD), a narrow intermediate temperature annulus, and an isothermal remainder to the tidal cutoff boundary. The models include a range of M values between 1.0 x 10(-7) and 1.0 x 10(-6) M(circle dot) yr(-1) and limiting values of M(WD) between 0.6 and 1.2 M(circle dot). A solution with M(WD) 1.2M(circle dot) is consistent with an empirical mass-period relation. The set of models agree on a limited range of possible isothermal region T(eff) values between 14,000 and 18,000 K. The model-to-model residuals are so similar that it is not possible to choose a best model. The Hipparcos distance, 610 pc, is representative of the model results. The orbital inclination is between 40 degrees and 60 degrees. C1 [Linnell, Albert P.; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Godon, Patrick; Sion, Edward M.] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Hubeny, Ivan] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hubeny, Ivan] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barrett, Paul E.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Linnell, AP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 1226 EP 1239 DI 10.1086/529118 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600039 ER PT J AU Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Prieto, CA Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bailer-Jones, CAL Baldry, IK Barentine, JC Bassett, BA Becker, AC Beers, TC Bell, EF Berlind, AA Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carliles, S Carr, MA Castander, FJ Cinabro, D Cool, RJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Cunha, CE Davenport, JRA Dilday, B Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gansicke, BT Gates, E Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Harding, P Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hindsley, RB Hirata, CM Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Hyde, JB Ichikawa, S Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnson, JA Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kessler, R Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lebedeva, S Lee, YS Leger, RF Lepine, S Lima, M Lin, H Long, DC Loomis, CP Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malanushenko, O Malanushenko, V Mandelbaum, R Margon, B Marriner, JP Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM Mckay, TA Meiksin, A Morrison, HL Munn, JA Nakajima, R Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S Owen, R Oyaizu, H Padmanabhan, N Pan, K Park, C Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Purger, N Raddick, MJ Fiorentin, PR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Riess, AG Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Sako, M Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schreiber, MR Schwope, AD Seljak, U Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Sivarani, T Smith, JA Snedden, SA Steinmetz, M Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Suto, Y Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tremonti, CA Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vidrih, S Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Wadadekar, Y Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zucker, DB AF Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K. Agueros, Marcel A. Allam, Sahar S. Prieto, Carlos Allende Anderson, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. Baldry, Ivan K. Barentine, J. C. Bassett, Bruce A. Becker, Andrew C. Beers, Timothy C. Bell, Eric F. Berlind, Andreas A. Bernardi, Mariangela Blanton, Michael R. Bochanski, John J. Boroski, William N. Brinchmann, Jarle Brinkmann, J. Brunner, Robert J. Budavari, Tamas Carliles, Samuel Carr, Michael A. Castander, Francisco J. Cinabro, David Cool, R. J. Covey, Kevin R. Csabai, Istvan Cunha, Carlos E. Davenport, James R. A. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Eisenstein, Daniel J. Evans, Michael L. Fan, Xiaohui Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Friedman, Scott D. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gansicke, Boris T. Gates, Evalyn Gillespie, Bruce Glazebrook, Karl Gray, Jim Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. Gurbani, Vijay K. Hall, Patrick B. Harding, Paul Harvanek, Michael Hawley, Suzanne L. Hayes, Jeffrey Heckman, Timothy M. Hendry, John S. Hindsley, Robert B. Hirata, Christopher M. Hogan, Craig J. Hogg, David W. Hyde, Joseph B. Ichikawa, Shin-ichi Ivezic, Zeljko Jester, Sebastian Johnson, Jennifer A. Jorgensen, Anders M. Juric, Mario Kent, Stephen M. Kessler, R. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, G. R. Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Kuropatkin, Nikolay Lamb, Donald Q. Lampeitl, Hubert Lebedeva, Svetlana Lee, Young Sun Leger, R. French Lepine, Sebastien Lima, Marcos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Loomis, Craig P. Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Malanushenko, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Mandelbaum, Rachel Margon, Bruce Marriner, John P. Martinez-Delgado, David Matsubara, Takahiko McGehee, Peregrine M. McKay, Timothy A. Meiksin, Avery Morrison, Heather L. Munn, Jeffrey A. Nakajima, Reiko Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Newberg, Heidi Jo Nichol, Robert C. Nicinski, Tom Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Nitta, Atsuko Okamura, Sadanori Owen, Russell Oyaizu, Hiroaki Padmanabhan, Nikhil Pan, Kaike Park, Changbom Peoples, John, Jr. Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian C. Purger, Norbert Raddick, M. Jordan Fiorentin, Paola Re Richards, Gordon T. Richmond, Michael W. Riess, Adam G. Rix, Hans-Walter Rockosi, Constance M. Sako, Masao Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Schreiber, Matthias R. Schwope, Axel D. Seljak, Uros Sesar, Branimir Sheldon, Erin Shimasaku, Kazu Sivarani, Thirupathi Smith, J. Allyn Snedden, Stephanie A. Steinmetz, Matthias Strauss, Michael A. SubbaRao, Mark Suto, Yasushi Szalay, Alexander S. Szapudi, Istvan Szkody, Paula Tegmark, Max Thakar, Aniruddha R. Tremonti, Christy A. Tucker, Douglas L. Uomoto, Alan Berk, Daniel E. Vanden Vandenberg, Jan Vidrih, S. Vogeley, Michael S. Voges, Wolfgang Vogt, Nicole P. Wadadekar, Yogesh Weinberg, David H. West, Andrew A. White, Simon D. M. Wilhite, Brian C. Yanny, Brian Yocum, D. R. York, Donald G. Zehavi, Idit Zucker, Daniel B. TI The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; 1ST DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARFS; STELLAR SPECTRA; GALACTIC HALO; SAMPLE SELECTION AB This paper describes the Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. With this data release, the imaging of the northern Galactic cap is now complete. The survey contains images and parameters of roughly 287 million objects over 9583 deg(2), including scans over a large range of Galactic latitudes and longitudes. The survey also includes 1.27 million spectra of stars, galaxies, quasars, and blank sky ( for sky subtraction) selected over 7425 deg2. This release includes much more stellar spectroscopy than was available in previous data releases and also includes detailed estimates of stellar temperatures, gravities, and metallicities. The results of improved photometric calibration are now available, with uncertainties of roughly 1% in g, r, i, and z, and 2% in u, substantially better than the uncertainties in previous data releases. The spectra in this data release have improved wavelength and flux calibration, especially in the extreme blue and extreme red, leading to the qualitatively better determination of stellar types and radial velocities. The spectrophotometric fluxes are now tied to point-spread function magnitudes of stars rather than fiber magnitudes. This gives more robust results in the presence of seeing variations, but also implies a change in the spectrophotometric scale, which is now brighter by roughly 0.35 mag. Systematic errors in the velocity dispersions of galaxies have been fixed, and the results of two independent codes for determining spectral classifications and red-shifts are made available. Additional spectral outputs are made available, including calibrated spectra from individual 15 minute exposures and the sky spectrum subtracted from each exposure. We also quantify a recently recognized underestimation of the brightnesses of galaxies of large angular extent due to poor sky subtraction; the bias can exceed 0.2 mag for galaxies brighter than r = 14 mag. C1 [Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K.; Allam, Sahar S.; Annis, James; Boroski, William N.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Gurbani, Vijay K.; Hendry, John S.; Kent, Stephen M.; Kron, Richard G.; Kuropatkin, Nikolay; Lebedeva, Svetlana; Leger, R. French; Lin, Huan; Marriner, John P.; Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Nicinski, Tom; Peoples, John, Jr.; Tucker, Douglas L.; Yanny, Brian; Yocum, D. R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Agueros, Marcel A.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Allam, Sahar S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Brinkmann, J.; Gillespie, Bruce; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Olena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Pan, Kaike; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Vogt, Nicole P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Anderson, Scott F.; Becker, Andrew C.; Bochanski, John J.; Davenport, James R. A.; Evans, Michael L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Ivezic, Zeljko; Owen, Russell; Sesar, Branimir; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bahcall, Neta A.; Carr, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, G. R.; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Wadadekar, Yogesh] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Bell, Eric F.; Jester, Sebastian; Fiorentin, Paola Re; Rix, Hans-Walter] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Baldry, Ivan K.; Budavari, Tamas; Carliles, Samuel; Csabai, Istvan; Heckman, Timothy M.; Nieto-Santisteban, Maria; Raddick, M. Jordan; Riess, Adam G.; Szalay, Alexander S.; Thakar, Aniruddha R.; Vandenberg, Jan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bassett, Bruce A.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce A.] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Berlind, Andreas A.; Blanton, Michael R.; Hogg, David W.] New York Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Bernardi, Mariangela; Hyde, Joseph B.; Nakajima, Reiko; Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brinchmann, Jarle] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Brunner, Robert J.; Wilhite, Brian C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Castander, Francisco J.; Cool, R. J.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Fan, Xiaohui; Tremonti, Christy A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Csabai, Istvan; Purger, Norbert] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Cunha, Carlos E.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Gates, Evalyn; Kron, Richard G.; Lamb, Donald Q.; Oyaizu, Hiroaki; Sheldon, Erin; SubbaRao, Mark; York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cunha, Carlos E.; Dilday, Ben; Frieman, Joshua A.; Lampeitl, Hubert; Lima, Marcos; Oyaizu, Hiroaki; Sheldon, Erin] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dilday, Ben; Lima, Marcos] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Friedman, Scott D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Gansicke, Boris T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Glazebrook, Karl] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia. [Gray, Jim] Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Grebel, Eva K.] Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. [Grebel, Eva K.] Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rech Inst, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gurbani, Vijay K.] Alcatel Lucent, Bell Labs, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. [Hall, Patrick B.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Harding, Paul; Morrison, Heather L.; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Harvanek, Michael] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hayes, Jeffrey] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astron & Computat Sci, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Hindsley, Robert B.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Hirata, Christopher M.; Juric, Mario; Mandelbaum, Rachel] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ichikawa, Shin-ichi] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Johnson, Jennifer A.; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jorgensen, Anders M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Kessler, R.; Lamb, Donald Q.; York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kleinman, S. J.; Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Akad Pedagogiczna & Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Lepine, Sebastien] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Loveday, Jon] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Margon, Bruce] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Martinez-Delgado, David] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Matsubara, Takahiko] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [McGehee, Peregrine M.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McKay, Timothy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meiksin, Avery] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Newberg, Heidi Jo] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, ICG, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Nicinski, Tom] CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. [Okamura, Sadanori; Shimasaku, Kazu] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron & Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Changbom] Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Pope, Adrian C.; Szapudi, Istvan] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Gordon T.; Vogeley, Michael S.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sako, Masao] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.; Berk, Daniel E. Vanden] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schreiber, Matthias R.] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Schwope, Axel D.; Steinmetz, Matthias] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Seljak, Uros] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37040 USA. [SubbaRao, Mark] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Suto, Yasushi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Suto, Yasushi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tegmark, Max] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Vidrih, S.; Zucker, Daniel B.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Voges, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [West, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Simon D. M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wilhite, Brian C.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Adelman-McCarthy, JK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015 OI Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797 NR 86 TC 1000 Z9 1008 U1 4 U2 70 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 297 EP 313 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327WN UT WOS:000257759300001 ER PT J AU Chauhan, SP Magann, EF Dohrety, DA Ennen, CS Niederhauser, A Morrison, JC AF Chauhan, Suneet P. Magann, Everett F. Dohrety, Dorota A. Ennen, Christopher S. Niederhauser, Amy Morrison, John C. TI Prediction of small for gestational age newborns using ultrasound estimated and actual amniotic fluid volume: Published data revisited SO AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oligohydramnios; small for gestational age; amniotic fluid ID NORMAL HUMAN-PREGNANCY; INDEX; GROWTH AB Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complex problem in modern obstetrics. The presence of oligohydramnios is reported as an important diagnostic and prognostic factor in the management of a pregnancy complicated by IUGR. Aim: To determine the predictive accuracy of sonographic and actual amniotic fluid volume (AFV) to identify small for gestational age (SGA; birthweight < 10%). Methods: Before amniocentesis, the single deepest pocket (SDP) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were obtained. The AFV was determined using a diazo-dye reaction. Thresholds for AFI, SDP and AFV were estimated using receiver-operating curves analysis and areas under the curves were used to assess predictive accuracy of these indices. Likelihood ratios (LR) were obtained. Results: Among the 175 newborns, 16% had SGA. Compared to newborns with birthweight > 10%, all AFV indices were significantly lower (P = 0.001, P = 0.001 and P = 0.009 for AFI, SDP and AFV respectively) for SGA. The areas under the curves for all curves < 0.65 and the LR for all thresholds were < 5.0, reflecting poor diagnostic capabilities. Conclusions: Despite observed lower AFV indices in SGA, neither sonographic examination nor determination of AFV is a reliable predictor of suboptimal growth. C1 [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Hlth Care, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, W Allis, WI USA. [Magann, Everett F.; Dohrety, Dorota A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ennen, Christopher S.; Niederhauser, Amy] Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM everett.magann@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0004-8666 J9 AUST NZ J OBSTET GYN JI Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2008.00830.x PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 279UW UT WOS:000254381500006 PM 18366489 ER PT J AU Johnston, MJ AF Johnston, Mickaila J. TI Loss of cabin pressure in a military transport: A mass casualty with decompression illnesses SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; cabin pressure; triage; oxygen; Bahrain; hyperbaric; resource management; delayed onset ID GROUND-LEVEL; SICKNESS; OXYGEN AB Presented here is the sudden cabin depressurization of a military C-130 aircraft carrying 66 personnel. They suffered a depressurization from 2 134 to 7317 m, resulting in a potential 66-person mass casualty. The aircrew were able to descend to below 3049 m in less than 5 min. They landed in the Kingdom of Bahrain-the nearest hyperbaric recompression facility. Three cases of peripheral neurologic DCS and one case of spinal DCS were identified. Limited manning, unique host nation concerns, and limited available assets led to difficulties in triage, patient transport, and asset allocation. These led to difficult decisions regarding when and for whom to initiate ground level oxygen or hyperbaric recompression therapy. C1 USN, Naval Special Warfare Grp 4, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. RP Johnston, MJ (reprint author), USN, Naval Special Warfare Grp 4, 2220 Schofield Rd,Bldg 108, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. EM mickaila2000@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 4 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2153.2008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 282CP UT WOS:000254545500010 PM 18457302 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Soto, CM Taitt, C Charles, PT AF Martin, Brett D. Soto, Carissa M. Taitt, Chris Charles, Paul T. TI Internal transport properties of macroporous sugar polyacrylate hydrogels: Microsphere diffusion described by phenomenological laws SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydrogel; diffusion; microspheres; gel-based biosensors ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SENSITIVE HYDROGELS; SOLUTE DIFFUSION; POLYMER; NETWORKS; DNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; IMMOBILIZATION; METHACRYLATE; MICROCHIPS AB We have determined the internal transport properties of heterogeneous, macroporous hydrogels based on the regioregular sugar polyacrylate poly(6-acryloyl-beta-O-methyl-galactopyranoside). This was accomplished by measuring the diffusive flux of variously sized polystyrene microspheres and combining these results with solutions of phenomenological transport laws (the Navier-Stokes equations and Fick's Law with an assumption of first-order irreversible sphere capture by the gel polymer). This enabled calculation of gel properties such as average pore diameters (ca. 11.76 mu m) and the diffusivities of the polystyrene spheres in the gel. These values range from 76% to 83% of that in free solution and correlate closely with the equilibrium solution content of the gel (82.3%). This approach has also enabled calculation of the sphere capture 10(-3) rates (2.4 x to 9.6 x 10(-5) s(-1)). These low capture rates indicate that the gel is extremely non-adhesive towards the spheres, and a linear correlation with sphere form drag area (r(2) = 1) was found. The pore sizes of the hydrated gel were observed via DIC light microscopy and the visible effective diameters corresponded very closely to the calculated values (11.66 vs. 11.76 mu m). The diffusion/capture of inert spheres in the hydrogel can thus be described in a non-destructive manner by straightforward application of phenomenological transport laws. This result is significant in that these laws were intended to describe macroscopic ensembles of very large numbers of particles in continuous media, not small numbers (i.e., hundreds) in discontinuous media. C1 [Martin, Brett D.; Soto, Carissa M.; Taitt, Chris; Charles, Paul T.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bdm@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; ptc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1249 DI 10.1002/bit.21646 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 273JI UT WOS:000253925800017 PM 17924573 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Stevens, B Bretherton, CS Cederwall, R Doyle, JD Golaz, JC Holtslag, AAM Klein, SA Lundquist, JK Randall, DA Siebesma, AR Soares, PMM AF Teixeira, J. Stevens, B. Bretherton, C. S. Cederwall, R. Doyle, J. D. Golaz, J. C. Holtslag, A. A. M. Klein, S. A. Lundquist, J. K. Randall, D. A. Siebesma, A. R. Soares, P. M. M. TI Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS C1 [Teixeira, J.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Teixeira, J.] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Stevens, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cederwall, R.; Klein, S. A.; Lundquist, J. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Doyle, J. D.; Golaz, J. C.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Golaz, J. C.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Holtslag, A. A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Randall, D. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Siebesma, A. R.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Soares, P. M. M.] Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Soares, P. M. M.] Inst Super Engn Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Teixeira@ipl.nasa.gov RI Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Soares, Pedro /K-6239-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010 OI Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Soares, Pedro /0000-0002-9155-5874; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481 NR 7 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-453 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800011 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Barth, RB Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Barth, Ryan B. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Quality vs. quantity of publications in nanotechnology field from the People's Republic of China SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; nanoscience; bibliometrics; citation analysis; scientometrics; publications; People's Republic of China ID INFRASTRUCTURE; NANOSCIENCE; SCIENCE AB This study evaluates trends in quality of nanotechnology and nanoscience papers produced by authors from the People's Republic of China (PRC). The metric used to gauge quality is ratio of highly cited nanotechnology papers to total nanotechnology papers produced in sequential time frames. The USA is both the most prolific nanotechnology publishing country and most represented country on highly cited nanotechnology papers (both in absolute numbers of highly cited papers and highly cited papers relative to total publications) over the 1998-2003 time frame, based on the SCI/SSCI databases. Some of the smaller hi-tech countries have relatively high ratios (similar to 2) of highly cited papers to total publications (e.g. Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland). Countries that have exhibited rapid growth in SCI/SSCI nanotechnology paper production in recent years (e.g. PRC, South Korea) had ratios an order of magnitude less than that of the USA for 1998, but by 2003 had increased to about 20% that of the USA (similar to 2.5). PRC and South Korea have climbed in the publications rankings from 6th and 9th in 1998, respectively, to 2nd and 6th in 2005, respectively. PRC's ratio monotonically increased from 0.16 to 0.45 over the 1998-2003 period, and South Korea's ratio increased from 0.11 to about 0.6 over that same period, indicating their papers are getting more and more citations proportionately. Thus, under rapid growth conditions, PRC and South Korea have been able to increase their share of participation in highly cited papers. As of 2003, PRC and South Korea have ratios comparable to nations like Japan, France, Italy, and Australia but not yet approaching those of the highly cited countries. None of the top ten publications producing institutions are from the USA, while all of the top ten highly cited publications producers are from the USA. Over the 1998-2003 time period, the top six total publications producing institutions (globally) remained the same, with Chinese Academy of Sciences (which consists of many research institutes) wresting the lead from Russian Academy of Sciences in 1999, and thereafter increasing the gap. Over this same time period, the USA institutions constituted about 90% of the top ten most cited papers list. For Chinese institutions specifically in the period 1998-2003, the nanotechnology publication leading Chinese Academy of Sciences has maintained an average of about 30% of nanotechnology publications over that time frame. The second tier (in terms of quantity) for the last few years has consisted of Tsinghua University, Nanjing University, University of Science and Technology of China, Peking University, Jilin University, Zhejiang University, Shandong University, and Fudan University. Hong Kong institutions have, on average, been strong in ratio, especially City University Hong Kong, and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, indicating significant citations. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Barth, Ryan B.] DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA USA. [Lau, Clifford G. Y.] Inst Def Analyses, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onnnavy.mil NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 28 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1272 EP 1280 DI 10.1007/s11434-008-0183-y PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288PU UT WOS:000254999100022 ER PT J AU Bienek, DR Biagini, RE Charlton, DG Smith, JP Sammons, DL Robertson, SA AF Bienek, Diane R. Biagini, Raymond E. Charlton, David G. Smith, Jerome P. Sammons, Deborah L. Robertson, Shirley A. TI Rapid point-of-care test to detect broad ranges of protective antigen-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations in recipients of the US-licensed anthrax vaccine SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IN-VITRO CORRELATE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GUINEA-PIGS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RHESUS MACAQUES; IGG ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY AB Currently, there is no routine monitoring of an immune response to the anthrax vaccine. Simple on-site tests are needed to evaluate the antibody response of anthrax-vaccinated individuals in the Armed Forces and others at high risk. Using a prototype lateral flow assay (LFA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. F. Striley, J. E. Snawder, S. A. Robertson, and C. P. Quinn, Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13: 541-546, 2006), we investigated the agreement between a validated anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the LFA for 335 unvaccinated and vaccinated subjects. We also investigated the performance of the LFA under the following conditions: thermal shock (i. e., thermal cycling between temperature extremes), high temperature/ high relative humidity, high temperature/low relative humidity, and low temperature/low relative humidity. With the anti-PA ELISA used as a standard, the LFA was shown to be optimally diagnostic at 11 mu g/ml anti-PA-specific IgG. At this concentration, the LFA specificity and sensitivity were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97% to 100%) and 92% (CI, 88% to 97%), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve value of 0.988 (CI, 0.976 to 1.00), suggesting that the LFA is an extremely accurate diagnostic test. For <= 4 or >= 50 mu g/ml PA-specific IgG, the LFA results for each environmental condition were identical to those obtained in the laboratory. These data indicate that this rapid point-of-care test would be a feasible tool in monitoring the serological antibody responses of individuals that have been vaccinated against anthrax. C1 [Bienek, Diane R.; Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Bienek, Diane R.; Charlton, David G.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Frederick, MD USA. [Biagini, Raymond E.; Smith, Jerome P.; Sammons, Deborah L.; Robertson, Shirley A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM diane.bienek@med.navy.mil FU NIOSH and NIEHS [Y1-ES-0001]; Center for Commercialization of Advanced Technology [2004-01G] FX This work was supported in part by an interagency agreement between NIOSH and NIEHS (Y1-ES-0001; Clinical Immunotoxicity). Support from the Center for Commercialization of Advanced Technology (solicitation no. 2004-01G) also facilitated this study.; We appreciate the provision by BioPort Corp. of purified rPA and specific antibodies developed against it. We offer special thanks to M. E. Cohen and C. K. Chang for providing statistical consulting and skilled technical assistance, respectively.; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or positions of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. The use of commercially available products does not imply the endorsement of these products or preferences to other, similar products on the market. We are military service members or employees of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of our official duties. Mention of a product or company name does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH. The content and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.1128/CVI.00473-07 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TB UT WOS:000258666800010 PM 18321882 ER PT J AU Chao, CC Zhang, Z Wang, H Alkhalil, A Ching, WM AF Chao, Chien-Chung Zhang, Zhiwen Wang, Hui Alkhalil, Abdulnaser Ching, Wei-Mei TI Serological reactivity and biochemical characterization of methylated and unmethylated forms of a recombinant protein fragment derived from outer membrane protein B of Rickettsia typhi SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MURINE TYPHUS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROWAZEKII; RESIDUES AB Rickettsia typhi, an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes murine typhus, possesses a heavily methylated outer membrane protein B (OmpB) antigen. This immunodominant antigen is responsible for serological reactions and is capable of eliciting protective immune responses with a guinea pig model. Western blot analysis of partially digested OmpB with patient sera revealed that most of the reactive fragments are larger than 20 kDa. One of these fragments, which is located at the N terminus (amino acids 33 to 273), fragment A (At), has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein (rAt) was purified by chromatography and properly refolded by sequential dialysis. The refolded rAt protein was recognized by at least 87% of the typhus group patient sera as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, the titers were lower than those obtained with OmpB of R. typhi. Since native OmpB is hypermethylated at lysine residues, we chemically methylated the lysine residues in rAt. The methylation was confirmed by amino acid composition analysis, and the methylation pattern of the methylated rAt (mrAt) protein was similar to that of native At from OmpB, as revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Both rAt and mrAt were evaluated in an ELISA for their serological reactivity with patient sera. Among patient sera tested, 83% exhibited higher titers with mrAt than with rAt. These results suggest that rAt, with or without methylation, can potentially replace rickettsia-derived OmpB or whole-cell antigen for the diagnosis of R. typhi infection. C1 [Chao, Chien-Chung; Zhang, Zhiwen; Wang, Hui; Alkhalil, Abdulnaser; Ching, Wei-Mei] USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zhang, Zhiwen; Wang, Hui; Alkhalil, Abdulnaser; Ching, Wei-Mei] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), RDD IDD NMRC, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM 3N85, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM weimei.ching@med.navy.mil RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011 FU Work Unit Number (WUN) [6000. RAD1. J. A0310] FX We thank Gregory Dasch (CDC) for his help in the preparation of OmpB from R. typhi. Patient serum samples were kindly provided by James Olson (human use protocol number DOD#30556; the study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.). Harvey Kaplan ( University of Ottawa) performed the methylation of rAt, and this mrAt protein was used in Western blot analysis. We thank Elissa A. Mutumanje for her review of the manuscript.; This work was supported by Work Unit Number (WUN) 6000. RAD1. J. A0310.; The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy, the naval service at large, the Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. Authors C. C. Chao and W. M. Ching are employees of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of official duties. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 4 BP 684 EP 690 DI 10.1128/CVI.00281-07 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340TB UT WOS:000258666800016 PM 18287575 ER PT J AU Faix, DJ Harrison, DJ Riddle, MS Vaughn, AF Yingst, SL Earhart, K Thibault, G AF Faix, Dennis J. Harrison, Dustin J. Riddle, Mark S. Vaughn, Andrew F. Yingst, Samuel L. Earhart, Kenneth Thibault, Glenn TI Outbreak of Q fever among US military in Western Iraq, june-july 2005 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of Q fever occurred in 22 (58%) of 38 Marines deployed to Iraq in 2005. Fever (in 100% of patients), respiratory symptoms (76%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (53%) were common. Possible risk factors included dust and exposure to animals and ticks. C1 [Faix, Dennis J.; Harrison, Dustin J.; Vaughn, Andrew F.] Navy Forward Depolyed Prevent Med Unit W, Al Asad, Iraq. [Riddle, Mark S.; Yingst, Samuel L.; Earhart, Kenneth] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Faix, DJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM dennis.faix@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 5 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP E65 EP E68 DI 10.1086/528866 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 271VW UT WOS:000253817800034 PM 18444807 ER PT J AU Thomas, BG Silverman, ED AF Thomas, Bejoy G. Silverman, Eugene D. TI Focal uptake of Tc-99m MDP in a gossypiboma SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE gossypiboma; extraosseous MDP; surgical sponge ID FOREIGN-BODY; SPONGE AB A 51-year-old Korean woman with a history of breast cancer underwent screening bone scintigraphy, which revealed minimal soft tissue uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in the right lower quadrant. CT and plain films confirmed that the uptake was due to a retained surgical sponge or gossypiboma. The incidence of gossypibomas has been reported at high as 1 in 1000 to 15,000 intra-abdominal operations. The natural progression of an aseptic gossypiboma is a foreign body reaction and granuloma formation. This inflammatory granulomatous reaction is the most likely cause of the extraosseous accumulation of Tc-99m MDP. This entity should be added to the already extensive list of etiologies of extraosseous MDP accumulation. C1 [Thomas, Bejoy G.] USN, Med Corp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Silverman, Eugene D.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM eugene.silverman@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 281AI UT WOS:000254468100015 PM 18356674 ER PT J AU Silverman, ED Carson, WK AF Silverman, Eugene D. Carson, William K. TI Persistent F-18 deoxyglucose and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake in a lower extremity radiation port SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE radiation port; FDG; MDP ID GRANULATION TISSUES; INFLAMMATION; MDP; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION; THERAPY; CANCER AB Four years after radiation therapy to the lower extremity for a bone metastasis, persistent F-18 FDG and Tc99m MDP uptake were noted in the radiation port. Presumably ongoing inflammatory cellular processes accounts for this finding. C1 [Silverman, Eugene D.; Carson, William K.] USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edsilverman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 299 EP 300 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 281AI UT WOS:000254468100019 PM 18356678 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ Yaholkovsky, P AF Denning, Peter J. Yaholkovsky, Peter TI Getting to "We" SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 [Denning, Peter J.] Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu; yaholkovsky@attglobal.net NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1145/1330311.1330316 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 285MK UT WOS:000254780700006 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Hosoglu, S AF Kwon, Y. W. Hosoglu, S. TI Application of lattice Boltzmann method, finite element method, and cellular automata and their coupling to wave propagation problems SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE finite element method; cellular automata; lattice Boltzmann method; coupled techniques; wave propagation ID EQUATION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; FLUIDS; FLOWS; GAS AB Three different computational techniques were applied to wave propagation problems. Those techniques were the lattice Boltzmann method, finite element method, and cellular automata. The formulation of each technique was presented, and the coupling procedures of those techniques were also presented. For example, a part of the problem domain was solved using one analysis technique while the other part was analyzed by another technique. Such coupled techniques may overcome the difficulties that a single technique has, and they may also provide their own advantages of two different methods in a single analysis depending on application problems. For example, one technique is computationally more efficient while another is useful to model a complex or irregular shape of domain. Combining the two techniques will be beneficial to solve a complex domain shape with computational efficiency. The accuracy of the different techniques including the coupled methods was numerically demonstrated by comparing their solutions to other solutions available for wave propagation problems in 1-D and 2-D. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Hosoglu, S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 7-8 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.07.013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 297FO UT WOS:000255602700007 ER PT J AU Beute, TC Miller, CH Timko, AL Ross, EV AF Beute, Trisha Clarke Miller, Charles H. Timko, Anthony Louis Ross, Edward Victor TI In vitro spectral analysis of tattoo pigments SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LASER TREATMENT; YAG LASER AB BACKGROUND Absorption spectra of common tattoo pigments, their reaction to irradiation at 532 and 752 nm, and correlation with their titanium and iron component are important to the selection of an optimal laser device. OBJECTIVE The objectives were (1) to establish the absorption spectra of common tattoo pigments and India ink and (2) to determine their response to laser irradiation at 532 and 752 nm and correlate this to their composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of 28 tattoo pigments and India ink were mixed in agar and analyzed with a spectrophotometer. These agar plates were irradiated with Q-switched wavelengths of 532 and 752 nm. RESULTS The highest absorbance of red was in the complementary spectrum, while blue, yellow, and orange had peaks in the adjacent portion of the visible light spectrum. There is great variability in the absorbance of green tattoo material. Pigment darkening was noted at both wavelengths in all iron-containing pigments except black. It was variable in those containing titanium. Pigments tested responded with either clearance or darkening at 532 nm; however, response at 752 nm was more limited. CONCLUSION (1) Tattoo pigment absorption spectra can explain why some colors are more resistant to removal. (2) Pigment darkening is a complex process. C1 [Beute, Trisha Clarke] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Miller, Charles H.] Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. [Timko, Anthony Louis] Cent Colorado Dermatol, Salida, CO USA. [Ross, Edward Victor] Scripps Clin Carmel Valley, Laser & Cosmet Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Beute, TC (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM trisha.beute@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.34096.x PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 280GI UT WOS:000254413300008 PM 18248489 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Smith, CR Jensen, ED AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Smith, Cynthia R. Jensen, Eric D. TI Primary bacterial pathogens in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: needles in haystacks of commensal and environmental microbes SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE bacterial pathogens; bottlenose dolphin; Staphylococcus aureus; Tursiops truncatus ID MARINE MAMMALS; BRUCELLA; OSTEOMYELITIS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; CETACEANS; GLUCOSE AB Bacterial cultures of marine mammal samples often yield multiple genera and species, and it can be difficult to determine if a cultured bacterium is a primary pathogen or an incidental finding. To determine the relative risk of bacterial isolates among Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP), retrospective data on isolates cultured during June 1987 through June 2007 were organized into a novel, 5-tier risk categorization system limited to sole bacteria cultured from internal organ or fluid samples. Of 2586 bacterial isolates cultured, only 34 (1.3 %) and 25 (1.0 %) were sole isolates attributed to morbidity and mortality, respectively, and only 19 (0.7 %) isolates were associated with mortalities without evidence of fungal or viral co-infections. Highest risk bacterial isolates were most likely to be identified in pleural fluid (33.3 % of pleural fluid samples with bacterial isolates had only one genus), followed by renal (23.1 %) and splenic (11.1 %) tissue. Sole Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified as the highest risk bacterial pathogens in the MMP dolphin population, accounting for 0.4 % of total bacterial isolates over a 20 yr period. In summary, isolation of sole bacterial isolates definitively associated with morbidity and mortality in marine mammals was uncommon in the MMP population. Our proposed risk categorization system may be useful in determining high risk pathogens among other marine mammal populations. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.; Jensen, Eric D.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.] Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM stephanie.wong@navy.mil NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.3354/dao01895 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 291GC UT WOS:000255181000001 PM 18500025 ER PT J AU Gao, XS Joyce, JA Roe, C AF Gao, Xiaosheng Joyce, James A. Roe, Charles TI An investigation of the loading rate dependence of the Weibull stress parameters SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cleavage fracture; fracture toughness; failure probability; Weibull stress; loading rate; pressure vessel ID PLASTIC FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PREDICT CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; BRITTLE TRANSITION REGION; MASTER CURVE ANALYSIS; PROBABILISTIC MODEL; FERRITIC STEELS; LENGTH SCALE; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; CONSTRAINT AB This paper examines the dependence of the Weibull stress parameters on loading rate for a 22NiMoCr37 pressure vessel steel. Extensive fracture tests, including both quasi-static and dynamic tests, are conducted using deep- and shallow-cracked SE(B) specimens. The fracture specimens are carefully prepared to ensure the crack fronts are placed at the location where the material is homogeneous. Three dynamic loading rates (in terms of the stress intensity factor rate, (K) over dot (J)) in the low-to-moderate range are considered. The load-line velocities for the dynamic tests are chosen so that the resulted (K) over dot (J) values for the deep- and shallow-cracked specimens are the same. Independent calibrations performed at each loading rate (quasi-static and the three dynamic loading rates) using deep- and shallow-cracked fracture toughness data show that the Weibull modulus, m, is invariant of loading rate. The calibrated M-value is 7.1 for this material. Rate dependencies of the scale parameter (sigma(u)) and the threshold parameter (sigma(w)-min) are computed using the calibrated m and the results indicate that sigma(u) decreases and sigma(w)-min increases with higher loading rates. The demonstrated loading rate invariant of m, when combined with the master curve for dynamic loading, can provide a practical approach which simplifies the process to estimate sigma(u) as a function of loading rate. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Xiaosheng] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Joyce, James A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Roe, Charles] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gao, XS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM xgao@uakron.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1467 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.07.007 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 270WW UT WOS:000253751900012 ER PT J AU Cottrell, CA Domanski, TL Schlessman, JL AF Cottrell, Christopher A. Domanski, Tammy L. Schlessman, Jamie L. TI Isolation and Characterization of a novel staphylococcal enterotoxin from the Mu50 Vancomycin Resistant Strain of Staphylococcus aureus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cottrell, Christopher A.; Domanski, Tammy L.; Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807263 ER PT J AU Feagans, M Cottrell, CA Domanski, TL Smith, VF Schlessman, JL AF Feagans, Mika Cottrell, Christopher A. Domanski, Tammy L. Smith, Virginia F. Schlessman, Jamie L. TI Studies of Psychrophilic Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases from Colwellia psychrerythraea SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Feagans, Mika; Cottrell, Christopher A.; Domanski, Tammy L.; Smith, Virginia F.; Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807383 ER PT J AU Woodman, R Lockette, W AF Woodman, Ryan Lockette, Warren TI Alpha methyl tyrosine inhibits rotenone- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis of adrenal chromaffin cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Woodman, Ryan; Lockette, Warren] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467809017 ER PT J AU Hoover, JB Bailey, JL Willauer, HD Williams, FW AF Hoover, John B. Bailey, Jean L. Willauer, Heather D. Williams, Frederick W. TI Preliminary investigations into methods of mitigating hydraulic fluid mist explosions SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydraulic fluid; explosion; explosion mitigation AB Many low flammability fluids, such as hydraulic fluids, are known to be flammable, or even explosive, when atomized. Because of the potential hazards involved, a preliminary study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using standard fire extinguishing systems and agents to prevent or mitigate hydraulic mist explosions aboard ships. The concept was to apply the agent in the period between the formation of a mist cloud and the initiation of an explosion. Standard potassium bicarbonate-based dry agent (PKP) and carbon dioxide extinguishers and a hand-held water mist system were tested. PKP was found to be very effective in preventing or reducing the severity of the explosions; carbon dioxide had a small beneficial effect and the water mist had essentially no effect. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hoover, John B.; Bailey, Jean L.; Willauer, Heather D.; Williams, Frederick W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoover, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6180, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.hoover@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.06.007 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296WX UT WOS:000255577600007 ER PT J AU Bell, D Luna, MA Weber, RS Kaye, FJ El-Naggar, AK AF Bell, Diana Luna, Mario A. Weber, Randal S. Kaye, Frederic J. El-Naggar, Adel K. TI CRTCI/MAML2 fusion transcript in Warthin's tumor and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Evidence for a common genetic association SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID MINOR SALIVARY-GLAND; PAROTID-GLAND; MECT1-MAML2; CYSTADENOLYMPHOMA; REARRANGEMENTS; ADENOLYMPHOMA; ABNORMALITY; DIAGNOSIS; CANCER; CHILD AB Translocations and gene fusions have an important early role in tumorigenesis. The t(11;19) translocation and its CRTCII MAML2 fusion transcript have been identified in several examples of both Warthin's tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma and are believed to be associated with the development of a subset of these tumors. To determine whether Warthin's tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are genetically related, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to analyze microdissected components of three tumors consisting of Warthin's tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We also investigated a metastatic melanoma to Warthin's tumor and a Warthin's carcinoma of the parotid gland for comparison. The fusion transcript was identified in both Warthin's tumor and matching mucoepidermoid carcinoma components of all three tumors, in the Warthin's carcinoma, and in the Warthin's tumor component but not in the metastatic melanoma. The results provide evidence for a link between the t(11; 19) fusion gene and the development of a subset of Warthin's tumors with concurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possible malignant transformation to Warthin's carcinoma. C1 [Bell, Diana; Luna, Mario A.; El-Naggar, Adel K.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Unit 85, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Weber, Randal S.; El-Naggar, Adel K.] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kaye, Frederic J.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kaye, Frederic J.] Naval Hosp, Bethesda, MD USA. RP El-Naggar, AK (reprint author), Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM anaggar@mdanderson.org RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-16672] NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1002/gcc.20534 PG 6 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 267PA UT WOS:000253519900005 PM 18181164 ER PT J AU McMahon, JM AF McMahon, John M. TI Fiber lasers: A future technology for lasers in space SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The constraints of operation in space have largely precluded the use of conventional solid-state laser systems for applications including remote sensing, communication relays, and active laser radars. A new technology, fiber lasers, may offer all of the needed features at an affordable price. An appealing aspect of the fiber laser is that it does not need a rigid optical bench. Only the output end of the fiber need be held in rigid reference to the optical tracking system. Design, fabrication, and testing of the laser resonator is generally the most expensive and longest lead part of the effort for conventional solid-state lasers. Advances in Fiber Optic technology and devices mean that the 'fiber laser" need not be a simple device but may be a complex system employing sophisticated technology, such as wavelength selective Bragg reflectors and nonlinear optical frequency shifters. Three companies have obtained single-mode outputs of 35-40 watts single mode at 1.03-1.1 mu. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMahon, JM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5601, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1109/MAES.2008.4493439 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 332HX UT WOS:000258075200005 ER PT J AU Halthore, RN Shettle, EP Markham, BL Mango, SA AF Halthore, Rangasayi N. Shettle, Eric P. Markham, Brian L. Mango, Stephen A. TI Role of aerosol absorption in satellite sensor calibration SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol absorption; vicarious calibration; Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ID PERFORMANCE AB The importance of aerosol absorption in satellite sensor vicarious calibration and/or satellite measurement of physical parameters is reiterated in a sensitivity study performed using a radiative transfer model, with field-measured data as input. Broadband shortwave surface fluxes need to be measured according to new protocols, described herein, to infer atmospheric absorption to improve calibration accuracy to within the +/- 2% stated goal of next-generation sensors such as Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite. C1 [Halthore, Rangasayi N.; Shettle, Eric P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Halthore, Rangasayi N.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Markham, Brian L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mango, Stephen A.] Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Sys, Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 FU Integrated Program Office, National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System; NRL FX This work was supported in part by the Integrated Program Office, National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System and in part by the NRL 6.1 under the in-house funding for aerosol research. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.915735 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342EH UT WOS:000258766900008 ER PT J AU Menozzi, A Leinhos, HA Beal, DN Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Menozzi, Alberico Leinhos, Henry A. Beal, David N. Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. TI Open-Loop Control of a Multifin Biorobotic Rigid Underwater Vehicle SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV); biorobotics; high lift; maneuverability; open-loop control ID FISH; PERFORMANCE; FIN AB This paper presents an open-loop control system for a new experimental vehicle, named the biorobotic autonomous underwater vehicle (BAUV). The rigid cylindrical hull of the vehicle is attached with six strategically located fins to produce forces and moments in all orthogonal directions and axes with minimal redundancy. The fins are penguin-wing inspired and they implement the unsteady high-lift principle found widely in swimming and flying animals. The goal has been to design an underwater vehicle that is highly maneuverable by taking the inspiration from nature where unsteady hydrodynamic principles of lift generation and the phase synchronization of fins are common. We use cycle-averaged experimental data to analyze the hydrodynamic forces and moments produced by a single foil as a function of its kinematic motion parameters. Given this analysis, we describe a method for synthesizing and coordinating the sinusoidal motion of all six foils to produce any desired resultant mean force and moment vectors on the vehicle. The mathematics behind the resulting algorithm is elegant and effective, yielding compact and efficient implementation code. The solution method also considers and accommodates the inherent physical constraints of the foil actuators. We present laboratory experimental results that demonstrate the solution method and the vehicle's resulting high maneuverability. C1 [Menozzi, Alberico; Leinhos, Henry A.; Beal, David N.; Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Menozzi, A (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. EM amenozzi@ara.com NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1109/JOE.2008.918687 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 371XC UT WOS:000260865000001 ER PT J AU Harrison, BF Baggenstoss, PM AF Harrison, Brian F. Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI Hybrid discriminative/class-specific classifiers for narrowband signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The class-specific (CS) method of signal classification operates by computing low-dimensional feature sets defined for each signal class of interest. By computing separate feature sets tailored to each class, i.e., CS features, the CS method avoids estimating probability distributions in a high-dimension feature space common to all classes. Building a CS classifier amounts to designing feature extraction modules for each class of interest. In this paper we present the design of three CS modules used to form a CS classifier for narrowband signals of finite duration. A general module for narrowband signals based on a narrowband tracker is described. The only assumptions this module makes regarding the time evolution of the signal spectrum are: 1) one or more narrowband lines are present, and 2) the lines wandered either not at all, e.g., CW signal, or with a purpose, e.g., swept FM signal. The other two modules are suited for specific classes of waveforms; and assume some a priori knowledge of the signal is available from training data. For in situ training, the tracker-based module can be used to detect as yet unobserved waveforms and classify them into general categories, for example short CW, long CW, fast FM, slow FM, etc. Waveform-specific class-models can then be designed using these waveforms for training. Classification results are presented comparing the performance of a probabilistic conventional classifier with that of a CS classifier built from general modules and a CS classifier built from waveform-specific modules. Results are also presented for hybrid discriminative/generative versions of the classifiers to illustrate the performance gains attainable in using a hybrid over a generative classifier alone. C1 [Harrison, Brian F.; Baggenstoss, Paul M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Code 1521,Bldg 1320, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM Harrison_bf@ieee.org NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4560211 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 331BE UT WOS:000257986900016 ER PT J AU Hristov, TS Anderson, KD Friehe, CA AF Hristov, Tihomir S. Anderson, Kenneth D. Friehe, Carl A. TI Scattering properties of the ocean surface: The Miller-Brown-Vegh model revisited SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE sea surface scattering; Miller-Brown-Vegh (MBV) model; evaporation duct ID SEA; APPROXIMATION; WAVES AB We review the model of Miller-Brown-Vegh (MBV) that is commonly used to describe scattering from the ocean surface. The model has been built on two essential elements: the Kirchhoff approximation and an assumption regarding the probability distribution of the ocean surface elevations. A comparison with theoretical results preceeding the MBV model as well as with experimental data suggest that the MBV model is inconsistent with the predicted and observed probability distribution of sea waves. Here, a scattering model based on more rigorous statistics of the ocean surface is considered instead. The analysis we present offers an explanation as well as a remedy for the reported tendency of models describing propagation in evaporation ducts to overestimate the signal's intensity at the receiver. C1 [Hristov, Tihomir S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Anderson, Kenneth D.] USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Friehe, Carl A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Friehe, Carl A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Hristov, TS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM Tihomir.Hristov@jhu.edu; Kenneth.Anderson@navy.mil; cfriehe@uci.edu NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.919177 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 286TN UT WOS:000254869000021 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Yager, RR AF Petry, Frederick E. Yager, Ronald R. TI Evidence resolution using concept hierarchies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE concept hierarchy; decision-making; fuzzy sets; generalization; granular categories ID LARGE DATABASES; FUZZY AB This paper describes a conceptual and theoretical framework for the resolution of seemingly contradictory evidence for decision-making. Basic to this approach is the use of granulation provided by the categories obtained by ascending concept hierarchies. This process will be driven by the use of a criterion that represents the utility of granular categories to the user's decision making. The definition of complete and partial evidence resolution and their properties are developed, which permits the formulation of the concept of preponderance of evidence for the decision maker. Finally, we show some preliminary results on the concepts of strength and consensus measures to provide metrics of the goodness of the evidence resolution. C1 [Petry, Frederick E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM fpetry@nrlsse.navy.mil; yager@panix.com RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010; Yager, Ronald/A-2960-2013 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-6706 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD APR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1109/TFUZZ.2007.895966 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 325IL UT WOS:000257582500003 ER PT J AU Kunkee, DB Poe, GA Boucher, DJ Swadley, SD Hong, Y Wessel, JE Uliana, EA AF Kunkee, David B. Poe, Gene A. Boucher, Donald J. Swadley, Steven D. Hong, Ye Wessel, John E. Uliana, Enzo A. TI Design and evaluation of the first special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; meteorology; microwave radiometry; weather forecasting ID SSM/I AB The first Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) was launched in October 2003 aboard the Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-16 Spacecraft. As originally conceived, the SSMIS integrates the imaging capabilities of the heritage DMSP conically scanning Special Sensor Microwave/Imager sensor with the cross-track microwave sounders Special Sensor Microwave Temperature and Special Sensor Microwave Humidity Sounder, SSM/T-2 into a single conically scanning 24-channel instrument with extended sounding capability to profile the mesosphere. As such, the SSMIS represents the most complex operational satellite passive microwave imager/sounding sensor flown while, at the same time, offering new and challenging capabilities associated with radiometer channels having common fields of view, uniform polarizations, and fixed spatial resolutions across the active scene scan sector. A comprehensive end-to-end calibration/validation (cal/val) of the first SSMIS initiated shortly after launch was conducted under joint sponsorship by the DMSP and the Navy Space and Warfare Systems Command. Herein, we provide an overview of the SSMIS instrument design, performance characteristics, and major cat/val results. Overall, the first SSMIS instrument exhibits remarkably stable radiometer sensitivities, meeting requirements with considerable margin while providing high-quality imagery for all channels. Two unanticipated radiometer calibration anomalies uncovered during the cal/val-sun intrusion into the warm-load calibration target and antenna reflector emissions-required significant attention during the cal/val program. In particular, the tasks of diagnosing the root cause(s) of these anomalies as well as the development of ground processing software algorithms to mitigate their impact on F-16 SSMIS and hardware fixes on future instruments necessitated the construction of extensive analysis and simulation tools. The lessons learned from the SSMIS cal/val and the associated analysis tools are expected to play an important role in the design and performance evaluation of future passive microwave imaging and sounding instruments as well as guiding the planning and development of future cal/val programs. C1 [Kunkee, David B.; Boucher, Donald J.; Hong, Ye; Wessel, John E.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Poe, Gene A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Uliana, Enzo A.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Kunkee, DB (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM David.Kunkee@aero.org NR 29 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 863 EP 883 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917980 PN 1 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800002 ER PT J AU Bell, W English, SJ Candy, B Atkinson, N Hilton, F Baker, N Swadley, SD Campbell, WF Bormann, N Kelly, G Kazumori, M AF Bell, William English, Stephen J. Candy, Brett Atkinson, Nigel Hilton, Fiona Baker, Nancy Swadley, Steven D. Campbell, William F. Bormann, Niels Kelly, Graeme Kazumori, Masahiro TI The assimilation of SSMIS radiances in numerical weather prediction models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration/validation (Cal/Val); numerical weather prediction (NWP); radiance assimilation; Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) ID MICROWAVE IMAGER; CALIBRATION; SCHEME; SSM/I AB The measurement uncertainty requirements imposed by numerical weather prediction (NWP) data assimilation applications for temperature sounding radiances are very demanding. For an ensemble of observations collected during an orbit, (postbias correction) measurement uncertainties of similar to 0.2 K (at I or) or better are required in tropospheric sounding channels to improve analyses, and hence forecasts, from current NWP models. A significant fraction of F-16 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations are affected by calibration errors caused by solar intrusions into the warm calibration load and by thermal emission from the main reflector. The magnitude of these effects is as large as 1.5 K for the lower atmospheric temperature sounding channels. This paper describes the approach to correct for these effects, which involves data averaging, flagging solar intrusions, and modeling reflector emission. The resulting quality of the radiances is improved by a factor of three to four for mid-tropospheric temperature sounding channels. Observation minus background field differences are reduced from 0.5-0.8 K (at one standard deviation) for uncorrected data to 0.2 K for corrected data. Although localized biases remain in the corrected data, assimilation experiments using SSMIS data at four operational NWP centers (Met Office, ECMWF, NCEP, and NRL) show a neutral-to-positive impact on forecast quality in the Southern Hemisphere with, for example, mean sea-level pressure forecast errors at days 1-4 reduced by 0.5%-2.5%. Impacts in the Northern Hemisphere are neutral in most assimilation experiments. C1 [Bell, William; English, Stephen J.; Candy, Brett; Atkinson, Nigel; Hilton, Fiona] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Baker, Nancy; Campbell, William F.] Naval REs Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bormann, Niels; Kelly, Graeme] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Kazumori, Masahiro] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bell, W (reprint author), Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM william.bell@metoffice.gov.uk; bill.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil; niels.bormann@ecmef.int; Masahiro.Kazumori@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 884 EP 900 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917335 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800003 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Lee, TF Richardson, K AF Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Turk, F. Joseph Lee, Thoinas F. Richardson, Kirn TI Observations of tropical cyclones with the SSMIS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmosphere measurements; hurricane; meteorology; passive microwave (PMW); remote sensing; satellite applications; satellites; Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/1); Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS); tropical cyclone (TC); typhoon; weather forecasting AB Passive microwave (PMW) radiometric observations of tropical cyclones (TCs) from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) continue the legacy monitoring capabilities initiated with the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMIS) that began in 1987. The SSMIS has the following several important differences that should be factored into applications when compared to SSM/I data: 1) channel changes from 85 to 91 GHz result in a 2-8-K brightness temperature depression for many TC inner core scenes; 2) the inclusion of bore-sighted 150-GHz data can help in detecting rapidly growing convective cells that are frequently obscured by upper level clouds in visible and infrared data and are often associated with rapid intensification; and 3) the sensor swath increases by 300 km and permits enhanced spatial and temporal coverage of global TCs. All three attributes can be incorporated to maintain and/or enhance the satellite analyst's ability to monitor critical TC structure via these PMW observations. C1 [Hawkins, Jeffrey D.; Turk, F. Joseph; Lee, Thoinas F.; Richardson, Kirn] Naval REs Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), Naval REs Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeff.hawkins@nflmry.navy.mil NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 901 EP 912 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.915753 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800004 ER PT J AU Poe, GA Uliana, EA Gardiner, BA Vonrentzell, TE Kunkee, DB AF Poe, Gene A. Uliana, Enzo A. Gardiner, Beverly A. vonRentzell, Troy E. Kunkee, David B. TI Geolocation error analysis of the special sensor microwave imager/sounder SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE passive microwave geolocation; radiometer pointing errors; satellite data registration ID RADIOMETER AB Geolocation errors in excess of 20-30 km have been observed in the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (F-16 SSMIS) radiometer observations when compared with accurate global shoreline databases. Potential error sources include angular misalignment of the sensor spin axis with the spacecraft zenith, sample timing offsets, nonuniform spin rate, antenna deployment offsets, spacecraft ephemeris, and approximations of the geolocation algorithm in the Ground Data Processing Software. An analysis methodology is presented to automate the process of quantifying the geolocation errors rapidly in terms of partial derivatives of the radiometer data in the along-scan and along-track directions and is applied to the SSMIS data. Angular and time offsets are derived for SSMIS that reveal the root cause(s) of the geolocation errors, while yet unresolved, are systematic, correctable in the ground processing software, and may be reduced to less than 4-5 km (1-sigma). C1 [Poe, Gene A.] USN, Res Lab, Satellite Meteorol Branch, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Uliana, Enzo A.; Gardiner, Beverly A.; vonRentzell, Troy E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Kunkee, David B.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Poe, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Satellite Meteorol Branch, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM david.kunkee@aero.org NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917981 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800005 ER PT J AU Kunkee, DB Hong, Y Thompson, DA Werner, MF Poe, GA AF Kunkee, David B. Hong, Ye Thompson, David A. Werner, Michael F. Poe, Gene A. TI Analysis of the special sensor microwave imager/sounder (SSMIS) fields-of-view on DMSP F-16 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; microwave radiometry ID CALIBRATION AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) calibration and Earth scene fields-of-view (FOV) are examined using sensor diagnostic modes, a graphic simulation of the SSMIS and spacecraft vehicle, and an electromagnetic analysis of the SSMIS antenna. The on-orbit FOV for each calibration target was found to be larger than the sample locations utilized by the flight software for calibration suggesting that additional observing time for the each target is available. The optimum calibration sampling location appears to be slightly offset from the current sampling. However, it is not expected that this will result in degraded performance. The SSMIS Earth scene FOV was found to have noticeable edge-of-scan biases for several channels. The biases were examined and determined to be due to intrusions of the antenna feed FOVs of the main reflector antenna caused by the SSMIS calibration targets and their associated multilayer insulation (MLI) blanketing in the final flight configuration. A simple algorithm to address the edge-of-scan biases is applied and found to correct the biases to within similar to 0.1-0.2 K. C1 [Kunkee, David B.; Hong, Ye; Werner, Michael F.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Thompson, David A.] Aerosp Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Poe, Gene A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kunkee, DB (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM David.Kunkee@aero.org NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 934 EP 945 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917133 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800007 ER PT J AU Wessel, J Farley, RW Fote, A Hong, Y Poe, GA Swadley, SD Thomas, B Boucher, DJ AF Wessel, John Farley, Robert W. Fote, Alfred Hong, Ye Poe, Gene A. Swadley, Steven D. Thomas, Bruce Boucher, Donald J. TI Calibration and validation of DMSP SSMIS lower atmospheric sounding channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; laser radar; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; satellite antennas; satellites ID LIDAR AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS), a new type of conically scanning microwave sounder, was launched by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program in October 2003. Performance of the instrument and retrieval software was characterized in an extensive calibration/validation campaign. This paper describes results based on comparisons between SSMIS Lower Atmospheric Sounding (LAS) channel measurements and radiative transfer calculations based on conventional synoptic radiosondes, numerical weather prediction models, and special observations campaigns including dedicated lidar measurements and scientific radiosonde and dropsonde measurements. Retrieved lower atmospheric profiles were also directly compared with these data sources. Two significant sources of bias were identified. The emissivity of the primary reflector contributes to measured brightness temperatures, and the warm load calibration source is susceptible to uncompensated solar heating. Otherwise, it was determined that LAS channels are locally stable and accurately track atmospheric changes. Polarization of some channels was found to differ from the design. Several approaches were identified to mitigate sources of bias. C1 [Wessel, John; Farley, Robert W.; Fote, Alfred; Hong, Ye; Thomas, Bruce; Boucher, Donald J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90254 USA. [Poe, Gene A.; Swadley, Steven D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wessel, J (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90254 USA. RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 946 EP 961 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917132 PN 1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800008 ER PT J AU Swadley, SD Poe, GA Bell, W Hong, Y Kunkee, DB McDermid, S Leblanc, T AF Swadley, Steven D. Poe, Gene A. Bell, William Hong, Ye Kunkee, David B. McDermid, Stuart Leblanc, Thierry TI Analysis and characterization of the SSMIS upper atmosphere sounding channel measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; Doppler frequency shift; microwave; polarized radiative transfer; radiometer; Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS); Zeeman effect ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; OXYGEN; MESOSPHERE; FIELD; MODEL; PROPAGATION; FREQUENCIES; VALIDATION; SPECTRUM; MIDDLE AB Analyses and results of the radiometric calibration accuracy and measurement characteristics of the first Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)'s Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) upper atmosphere sounding (IJAS) channels are presented herein. Launched on October 18, 2003, aboard the DMSP F-16 spacecraft in a sun-synchronous orbit, the SSMIS UAS channels provide the first operational measurements of microwave radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere at mesospheric altitudes. The analysis of the SSMIS radiometer absolute calibration and stability is based upon extensive comparisons with a fully polarimetric radiative transfer model (RTM) that solves for all four Stokes parameters using coincident atmospheric temperature profiles derived from collocated Rayleigh lidar observations merged with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting temperature analyses and climatological data sets. The resulting merged profiles provide a physically consistent temperature profile from the surface to 100 km, as needed by the RTMs. The results presented herein of the SSMIS instrument show that significant hardware and scientific technical challenges arise from microwave temperature sounding of the mesosphere. These include the following: 1) addressing the impact of large noise-equivalent temperature difference associated with narrow channel bandwidths; 2) achieving high channel center-frequency stability; 3) compensation of large spacecraft-induced Doppler shift; 4) better characterization of the Zeeman splitting of the oxygen absorption lines; 5) development of a fast polarimetric RTM; and 6) designing stable and accurate on-orbit radiometric calibration targets. Results to date show that the uncertainties of the calibration accuracy of the SSMIS UAS channels are consistent and in agreement with the limits derived for the SSMIS UAS channels and with the simulated radiances derived from the merged lidar profiles. C1 [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.; Poe, Gene A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bell, William] Satellite Radiance Assimilat Grp, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Hong, Ye; Kunkee, David B.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [McDermid, Stuart; Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. RP Swadley, SD (reprint author), METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM steve.swadley@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 962 EP 983 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.916980 PN 1 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800009 ER PT J AU Kunkee, DB Swadley, SD Poe, GA Hong, Y Werner, MF AF Kunkee, David B. Swadley, Steven D. Poe, Gene A. Hong, Ye Werner, Michael F. TI Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) radiometric calibration anomalies - Part I: Identification and characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; microwave radiometry; Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) calibration/validation AB Two calibration anomalies of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) radiometer are examined by using several sources of data. Early orbit mode data from the SSMIS are used to create radiometric images of the warm calibration load that evolve over an entire orbit to elucidate the effects of direct and reflected solar illumination of the warm-load (WL) emissive surface. Analysis of the radiometric gain and apparent WL radiometric brightness temperature observed during the solar intrusion events show the impact of these events on the SSMIS calibration. A graphical simulation of the SSMIS and DMSP spacecraft is used to define the regions where solar intrusion occurs and to characterize the WL anomalous regions for the specific DMSP F-16 orbit. The graphical simulation is also used to determine the cause of additional calibration errors that were identified by using comparisons to numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, as emission from the SSMIS reflector antenna. Mitigation of these calibration anomalies is critical if the operational SSMIS radiometers achieve their full utility in NWP, climate monitoring, forecasting, and other emerging applications. A detailed characterization of the SSMIS calibration provides a basis for this process. C1 [Kunkee, David B.; Hong, Ye; Werner, Michael F.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Poe, Gene A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kunkee, DB (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1033 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917213 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800013 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Kurfess, JD AF Wulf, Eric A. Phlips, Bernard F. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. Kurfess, James D. TI Wafer-bonded silicon gamma-ray detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray detectors; semiconductor device fabrication; silicon radiation detectors; wafer bonding AB A wafer-bonded silicon power transistor has been shown to function as an x-ray detector. The device consists of two thin device wafers bonded onto either side of a 2 mm-thick high -resistivity silicon wafer. The hydrophobic bonding process was performed at 400 degrees C. This low temperature wafer bonding technique should enable the development of large-area, position-sensitive detectors, using thick, high-resistivity intrinsic silicon bonded to thin readout wafers fabricated using conventional CMOS technology. These devices should enable fabrication of thicker intrinsic silicon detectors than currently available. Thick, position-sensitive detectors based on double-sided strip detectors and pixellated detectors are possible. To demonstrate this, a 1 mm thick gamma-ray detector was created from two 0.5 mm thick wafers that were patterned with gamma-ray strip detectors. The energy resolution of the detector is 8.9 keV FWHM for 60 keV gamma rays at room temperature with a leakage of 0.9 nA while operating at 700 V and fully depleted. Improvements in the technique should allow for thicker detectors with better energy resolution. C1 [Wulf, Eric A.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.; Kurfess, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wulf@nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 2 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.918516 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 287AK UT WOS:000254888500020 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Murphy, DP Ottinger, PR Phipps, DG Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Pope, SC Threadgold, JR Biddle, LA Clough, SG Jones, A Sinclair, MA Swatton, D Carden, T Oliver, BV AF Weber, Bruce V. Allen, Raymond J. Commisso, Robert J. Cooperstein, Gerald Hinshelwood, David D. Mosher, David Murphy, Donald P. Ottinger, Paul R. Phipps, David G. Schumer, Joseph W. Stephanakis, Stavros J. Swanekamp, Stephen B. Pope, Stuart C. Threadgold, Jim R. Biddle, Lester A. Clough, Stephen G. Jones, Aled Sinclair, Mark A. Swatton, Damon Carden, Thomas Oliver, Bryan V. TI Radiographic properties of plasma-filled rod-pinch diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science /16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference/34th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE plasma-filled diode; pulsed power; radiography; rod-pinch diode ID POWER; MV AB The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode (PFRP) is a new X-ray source appropriate for pulsed hydrodynamic radiography with endpoint voltage in the 1-2 MV range. The use of a plasma prefill in a rod-pinch-electrode configuration results in intense concentration of a 150-300 kA, similar to 2 MeV, similar to 100 ns electron beam at the tip of a tapered tungsten rod, producing an X-ray source with a submillimeter diameter and a dose of 25 rad (CaF2) at a distance of I m. These parameters are superior to conventional vacuum diodes used for radiography in this electron-beam energy range. The narrow X-ray source distribution and enhanced emission of X-rays with energies less than 300 keV are unique features of the PFRP that may be exploited for improved resolution and dynamic range for radiographic applications. C1 [Weber, Bruce V.; Allen, Raymond J.; Commisso, Robert J.; Cooperstein, Gerald; Hinshelwood, David D.; Murphy, Donald P.; Ottinger, Paul R.; Schumer, Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, David; Phipps, David G.; Schumer, Joseph W.; Stephanakis, Stavros J.; Swanekamp, Stephen B.] L 3 Titan Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Oliver, Bryan V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bruce.weber@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 443 EP 456 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.918953 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 288JE UT WOS:000254981700014 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, W Matsakis, D Panfilo, G Tavella, P AF Lewandowski, Wlodzimierz Matsakis, Demetrios Panfilo, Gianna Tavella, Patrizia TI Analysis of correlations, and link and equipment noise in the uncertainties of [UTC-UTC(k)] SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB We refine our estimate of the uncertainty in [UTC-UTC(k)] by taking into account the contribution of correlations between the links. Using a matrix formulation to facilitate computation, we re-analyze the link-based uncertainties and obtain the same solution as found previously. We then evaluate the site-based uncertainties and compare the results with the link-based uncertainties. C1 [Lewandowski, Wlodzimierz; Panfilo, Gianna] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Matsakis, Demetrios] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Tavella, Patrizia] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Turin, Italy. RP Lewandowski, W (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. EM wlewandowski@bipm.org; matsakis.demetrios@usno.navy.mil; gpanfilo@bipm.org; tavella@inrim.it NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 750 EP 760 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.709 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 285NI UT WOS:000254783100001 PM 18467219 ER PT J AU Coyne, JT Baldwin, CL Latorella, KA AF Coyne, Joseph T. Baldwin, Caffyl L. Latorella, Kara A. TI Pilot weather assessment: Implications for visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE WEATHER; DECISIONS AB Visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) account for over 10% of the fatalities in general aviation. Evidence suggests that pilots' assessments of weather conditions are related to their decision to continue. This study investigated pilots'ability to assess ceiling and visibility in a flight simulator. Assessment accuracy did not differ between instrument- and non-instrument-rated pilots for ceiling accuracy, but visibility accuracy was better for non-instrument-rated pilots. The data indicated pilots allowed their estimates of ceiling and visibility to influence each other. That is, pilots tended to judge a ceiling to be higher than it actually was when it was paired with a high visibility. This interaction may play a significant role in pilots' decisions to continue into IMC. C1 [Coyne, Joseph T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, Caffyl L.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Latorella, Kara A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Coyne, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5511,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM coyne@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1080/10508410801926756 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 294NO UT WOS:000255413000002 ER PT J AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Hamilton, L. J. Cowart, J. S. TI The first wide-open throttle engine cycle: transition into knock experiments with fast in-cylinder sampling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wide-open throttle; knock experiments; fast in-cylinder sampling; FFID; NDIR; gasoline CFR engine AB A gasoline cooperative fuels research (CFR) engine is used to evaluate the knock sensitivity for the first wide-open throttle (WOT) cycle during fast throttle transitions at various fuelling levels. A fast flame ionization detector (FFID) and fast non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detector are used to determine an accurate in-cylinder air-fuel ratio. All tests are done with compression ratio= 9 and spark timing set to 20 degrees BTC, conditions that normally result in moderate knock during steady state operation. It is found that audible knock occurs in 60-80 per cent of cases when in-cylinder phi is between 1.05 and 1.35. However, if the first WOT cycle fuelling results in an in-cylinder air-fuel ratio slightly less than stoichiometric, knock remains inaudible. This slightly lean of stoichiometric fuelling also provides for the strongest gross indicated mean effective pressure due to appropriate combustion phasing without knock. C1 [Hamilton, L. J.; Cowart, J. S.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ljhamilt@email.usna.edu FU Department of Mechanical Engineering at the US Naval Academy; US Naval Academy Research Council FX This work was funded by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the US Naval Academy, as well as the US Naval Academy Research Council. The authors are grateful to the following technical staff for their assistance with this project: John Hein, Bob Banks, and Bob Woody. They are also grateful for the electronics assistance provided by Joe Bradshaw and Ralph Wicklund. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1243/14680874JER02407 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 375FH UT WOS:000261099000001 ER PT J AU Cowart, JS Hamilton, LJ AF Cowart, J. S. Hamilton, L. J. TI Simultaneous in-cylinder and exhaust cycle resolved non-dispersive infrared and flame ionization detector experimental sampling results during cranking and startup in a port fuel injection co-operation fuel research engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE in-cylinder mixture; exhaust cycle; NDIR; FID; cranking; startup; CFR gasoline engine AB Optimization of in-cylinder air-fuel mixture preparation in port fuel injected engines during all phases of operation is critical for maximizing engine performance while minimizing harmful emissions. In this study, a co-operative fuels research (CFR) gasoline engine is used to evaluate torque and measure in-cylinder and exhaust CO, CO(2), and unburned hydrocarbons under various fuelling and spark conditions during cranking and startup phases. Fast flame ionization detectors and non-dispersive infrared fast CO and CO(2) detectors are used as the principal diagnostics. Measured component trends are shown with detailed explanations. CFR engine exhaust unburned hydrocarbon levels are shown to be 3 to 7 times higher for startup than for steady state operation depending on spark timing and fuelling. Torque is found to be relatively insensitive to fuelling within 5 per cent of stoichiometric. Additionally, in-cylinder and exhaust CO levels are strong functions of startup enrichment. Exhaust CO, much easier to measure than in-cylinder CO, could be used to meter fuel more tightly during startup in order to reduce undesirable emissions. Exhaust CO levels can be at or below stabilized engine steady state levels depending on fuelling levels. Exhaust CO(2) measurements are found to be not reliable indicators of in-cylinder conditions. C1 [Cowart, J. S.; Hamilton, L. J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ljhamilt@email.usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge the expert assistance of Mr John Hein and Mr Robert Woody in setting up and maintaining the experiments. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1243/14680874JER02507 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 375FH UT WOS:000261099000002 ER PT J AU Lin, YQ Farouk, B Oran, ES AF Lin, Yiqiang Farouk, Bakhtier Oran, Elaine S. TI Interactions of thermally induced acoustic waves with buoyancy induced flows in rectangular enclosures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE thermally induced acoustic wave; buoyancy-induced flow; enclosure flow ID THERMOACOUSTIC CONVECTION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE AB Acoustic waves are generated when a compressible-fluid is exposed to it rapidly varying heat flux along it confining wall. For an enclosure, these waves reverberate and eventually decay. Buoyancy-induced flows generated within an enclosure can be affected by the acoustic waves generated. The interactions of the acoustic waves produced by rapid heating of a wall with the buoyancy-induced flow in air filled rectangular enclosures are investigated numerically. For the present simulations, the bottom wall of the enclosure is heated rapidly with varying heating rates, while the top wall is held at the initial temperature of the air. The vertical walls of the enclosure are considered insulated. The compressible unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are solved by an-explicit flux-corrected transport algorithm for the convection terms and by it central-differencing scheme for the viscous and conduction terms. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Yiqiang; Farouk, Bakhtier] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Oran, Elaine S.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Farouk, B (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bfarouk@cbis.ece.drcxel.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 7-8 BP 1665 EP 1674 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.07.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 284SK UT WOS:000254725900018 ER PT J AU Baraskar, AK Chen, Y Yoon, SD Chinnasamy, CN Sun, N Vittoria, C Harris, VG Heil, T Willard, M AF Baraskar, Ashish K. Chen, Yajie Yoon, Soack Dae Chinnasamy, C. N. Sun, Nian Vittoria, Carmine Harris, Vincent G. Heil, Todd Willard, Matthew TI Structural and magnetic properties of ball-milled Ni(11)Co(11)Fe(66)Zr(7)B(4)Cu powders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SOFT MAGNETS; ALLOYS AB Thick films of the Ni(11)Co(11)Fe(66)Zr(7)B(4)Cu composition were synthesized via screen printing of the ball-milled ribbons of the above composition for possible use as planar inductors. The ribbons were obtained by rapid solidification. The resulting ribbon samples were annealed at 300 degrees C for 2 h to cause embrittlement. They were found to have soft magnetic properties (4 pi M(s)similar to 13 kG, Delta H similar to 100 Oe, and H(c)< 0.5 Oe). The brittle ribbons were ball milled using tungsten carbide vials and stainless steel balls in an inert atmosphere for various milling times. The sample milled for 10 h was found to have a 4 pi M(s) of about 13 kG and a coercivity of about 73 Oe with an average particle size of about 5 mu m. The screen printed (as prepared and aligned) samples showed a linewidth (Delta H) of about 1000 Oe. Similar values were obtained for screen printed films annealed for 1 h at 200 and 400 degrees C. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Baraskar, Ashish K.; Chen, Yajie; Yoon, Soack Dae; Chinnasamy, C. N.; Sun, Nian; Vittoria, Carmine; Harris, Vincent G.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuit, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Heil, Todd; Willard, Matthew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baraskar, AK (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuit, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM baraskar.a@neu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E728 DI 10.1063/1.2839315 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200621 ER PT J AU Burnette, JE Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA Nowak, E Bernard, W Cheng, SF Nordman, C Egelhoff, WF AF Burnette, James E. Edelstein, Alan S. Fischer, G. A. Nowak, E. Bernard, W. Cheng, Shu Fan Nordman, Cathy Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. TI Initial studies on microelectromechanical system flux concentrators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB To take advantage of the potential offered by the recent increase in the magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions, it is necessary to address the problem of 1/f noise. ARL has been working on a device, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator, that mitigates this problem by modulating the sensed magnetic field so that the sensor operates at a higher frequency region where the 1/f noise is smaller. Initial results of testing the device are reported. Though the final step in the fabrication of the device appears to have adversely affected the MEMS motion, two important results were obtained. They are (1) applying the large amplitude voltage at kilohertz frequencies necessary to drive the MEMS structure does not increase the background noise and (2) even though the width of the drive voltage is several hertz, one can demodulate the signal using a lock-in amplifier in order to extract 1 Hz modulation signals. This last result shows that the sensor can be used to detect slow moving or varying magnetic anomalies. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Burnette, James E.; Edelstein, Alan S.; Fischer, G. A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Nowak, E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Bernard, W.] MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Cheng, Shu Fan] NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nordman, Cathy] NVE, Eden Prairie, NM 55344 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E930 DI 10.1063/1.2838480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200667 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Wu, D Lograsso, TA AF Clark, A. E. Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Wu, D. Lograsso, T. A. TI Temperature dependence of the magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe(100-x)Al(x) (x=14.1,16.6,21.5,26.3) and Fe(50)Co(50) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID IRON-ALUMINUM ALLOYS; FE-GA; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELASTICITY AB In this paper, we report magnetostriction measurements, (lambda(100)) on Fe-rich Fe-Al alloys and Fe(50)Co(50) as functions of temperature from 77 K to room temperature (RT). From these measurements and elastic constant (c') measurements, the tetragonal magnetoelastic coupling constants (b(1)'s) were calculated. Significant differences were found between our RT measurements and earlier magnetostriction measurements for the higher Al concentration alloys (16.6%, 21.5%, 26.3% Al) and the Fe(50)Co(50) alloy. Reminiscent of the temperature dependence of lambda(100) for pure Fe, magnetostriction changes with temperature are minimal for Fe-Al alloys having the disordered bcc (A2) structure (x < 19% Al). In contrast, the alloy possessing the ordered (D0(3)) structure shows an anomalous decrease in magnetostriction in lambda(100) with decreasing temperature. For the Fe-Al alloy system, the magnetoelastic coupling constant, vertical bar b(1)vertical bar, exhibits a peak at room temperature maximizing at 16.6% Al with a value of 12.3 MJ/m(3). For Fe(50)Co(50), vertical bar b(1)vertical bar was calculated to be similar to 34 MJ/m(3) at room temperature. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wu, D.; Lograsso, T. A.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B310 DI 10.1063/1.2831360 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200206 ER PT J AU Daniil, M Willard, MA AF Daniil, M. Willard, M. A. TI Structure and magnetic properties of CoFeZrMBCu soft nanocrystalline alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB In this article, we report on the effect of substituting Nb, Hf, and Ta for Zr on the crystallization behavior, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of (Co(0.95)Fe(0.05))(88)Zr(7-x)M(x)B(4)Cu(1) (x=0, 1, and 3.5). Samples annealed at temperatures up to 550 degrees C lead to the partial crystallization of very fine bcc-(Co,Fe) and fcc-(Co,Fe) grains, while annealing at 750 degrees C lead to coarser fcc-(Co,Fe) grains and Co-M intermetallic phases. All of the compositions except those with 3.5 at. % Nb or Ta show similar low coercive behavior in the as-spun and annealed states. The coercivity of annealed ribbons below 550 degrees C is varied from 0.15 to 0.46 Oe and the magnetization from 128 to 133 emu/g. High temperature hysteresis loop measurements revealed a nearly constant coercivity for up to 400 degrees C and 20% reduction in magnetic induction, exceeding the performance of Finemet alloys at this temperature. C1 [Daniil, M.; Willard, M. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniil, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6355, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniil@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E727 DI 10.1063/1.2834396 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200620 ER PT J AU Huang, M Lograsso, TA Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M AF Huang, Mianliang Lograsso, Thomas A. Clark, A. E. Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. TI Effect of interstitial additions on magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-IRON; AL ALLOYS; MAGNETOELASTICITY; LATTICE; BORON AB The additions of trace amounts of small interstitial atoms (carbon, boron, and nitrogen) to Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloys have a small but beneficial effect on the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys especially at high Ga compositions. The saturated magnetostrictions [(3/2)lambda(100)'s] of both slow cooled and quenched single crystal Fe-Ga-C alloys with Ga contents >18 at. % are about 10%-30% higher than those of the comparable binary Fe-Ga alloys. For boron and nitrogen additions, the magnetostrictions of slow cooled alloys with Ga content >18 at. % were approximately 20% higher than those of the binary Fe-Ga alloys. We assume that these small atoms enter interstitially into the octahedral site as in pure alpha-Fe and inhibit chemical ordering, resulting in increased lambda(100). Thermal analysis of the Fe-Ga binary alloys and Fe-Ga-C ternary alloys indicates that the addition of C into the Fe-Ga system decreases the formation kinetics of D0(3) and extends the disordered region beyond the maximum for slow cooled binary samples. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Huang, Mianliang; Lograsso, Thomas A.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhuang@ameslab.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B314 DI 10.1063/1.2829402 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200210 ER PT J AU Long, J McHenry, M Urciuoli, DP Keylin, V Huth, J Salem, TE AF Long, Jianguo McHenry, Mike Urciuoli, Damian P. Keylin, Vladimir Huth, Joe Salem, Thomas E. TI Nanocrystalline material development for high-power inductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS AB A new high-saturation induction, high-temperature nanocomposite alloy for high-power inductors is discussed. This material has FeCo with an A2 or B2 structure embedded in an amorphous matrix. An alloy of composition Fe56Co24Nb4B13Si2Cu1 was cast into a 1.10 in. wide, 0.001 in. thick ribbon from which a toroidal core of approximately 4.25 in. outer diameter, 1.38 in. inner diameter, and 1.10 in. tall was wound. The core was given a 2 T transverse magnetic field anneal, and impregnated for strength. Field annealing resulted in a linear B-H response with a relative permeability of 1400 that remained constant up to field strengths of 1.2 T. The core was used to construct a 25 mu H inductor for a 25 kW dc-dc converter. The inductor was rated for operation in discontinuous conduction mode at a peak current of 300 A and a switching frequency of up to 20 kHz. Compared to commercially available materials, this new alloy can operate at higher flux densities and higher temperatures, thus reducing the overall size of the inductor. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Long, Jianguo; McHenry, Mike] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Urciuoli, Damian P.] USA, Sensors & Elect Device Direcotrate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Keylin, Vladimir; Huth, Joe] Div Spang & Co, Magnet Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Salem, Thomas E.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Long, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM durciuoli@arl.army.mil RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Long, Jianguo/F-7180-2011 NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E705 DI 10.1063/1.2829033 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200598 ER PT J AU Ohodnicki, PR Park, SY Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME Keylin, V Willard, MA AF Ohodnicki, P. R., Jr. Park, S. Y. Laughlin, D. E. McHenry, M. E. Keylin, V. Willard, M. A. TI Crystallization and thermomagnetic treatment of a Co-rich Co-Fe-Ni-Zr-B-Cu based nanocomposite alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; COERCIVITY AB The magnetic properties observed after various thermal-magnetic treatments for a (Co(0.85)Fe(0.15))(83.6)Ni(4.4)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) alloy are compared with those for a (Co(0.88)Fe(0.12))(79.4)Nb(2.6)Si(9)B(9) alloy of similar Co:Fe ratio which exhibited a large field induced anisotropy in previous work. The qualitative conclusions arrived at here also apply to the (Co(0.85)Fe(0.15))(88)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) alloy without Ni. For the transverse magnetic field annealed (Co(0.85)Fe(0.15))(83.6)Ni(4.4)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) alloy, the highest anisotropy fields H(K) (H(K)similar to 35-40 Oe), field induced anisotropies K(U) (K(U)similar to 1700-2000 J/m(3)), and lowest coercivities H(C) (H(C)similar to 0.5-1.5 Oe at f=3 kHz) were observed for field annealed amorphous ribbons as compared to field crystallized ribbons. For the (Co(0.88)Fe(0.12))(79.4)Nb(2.6)Si(9)B(9) alloy, the field induced anisotropy is a maximum for field crystallized ribbons (H(K)similar to 28-45 Oe, K(U)similar to 800-1800 J/m(3)) and the increase in dynamic coercivity (H(C)similar to 0.5-1 Oe at f=3 kHz) observed upon crystallization is much less dramatic. The field annealed amorphous alloy of composition (Co(0.85)Fe(0.15))(83.6)Ni(4.4)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) exhibited field induced anisotropies and dynamic coercivities that are competitive with the field crystallized alloys of composition (Co(0.88)Fe(0.12))(79.4)Nb(2.6)Si(9)B(9). (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ohodnicki, P. R., Jr.; Park, S. Y.; Laughlin, D. E.; McHenry, M. E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Keylin, V.] Spang & Co, Div Magnet, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. [Willard, M. A.] USN, Res Lab, Code 6355, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ohodnicki, PR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM pohodnic@andrew.cmu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E729 DI 10.1063/1.2834400 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200622 ER PT J AU Picard, YN Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Zhang, X Skowronski, M AF Picard, Yoosuf N. Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Twigg, Mark E. Zhang, Xuan Skowronski, Marek TI Nondestructive dislocation delineation using topographically enhanced imaging of surface morphologies in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; SCHOTTKY DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE; GROWTH PITS; DEFECTS; INHOMOGENEITIES; BREAKDOWN AB The morphology of surface features generated by dislocations present at 4H-SiC epitaxial layer surfaces was investigated by forescattered electron detection (FED) inside a conventional scanning electron microscope. Various growth pit morphologies were correlated to dislocation types using molten KOH etching. Specifically, sharp-apex pits and stripe-shaped pits were consistently linked to screw and edge dislocations, respectively. The size and depth of these growth pits were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tail-like features were observed by FED emanating from sharp-apex pits and verified by Nomarski optical microscopy (NOM). A mechanism is proposed to explain the FED contrast exhibited by these tail-like features. This mechanism relates the nature of step-flow and spiral growth in the wake of a screw dislocation to the surface distortions resulting in such tail-like features. The Burgers vector direction can thus be determined based on a purely morphological analysis of these tail-like features. The results of this study illustrate the various capabilities of FED for surface imaging as compared to AFM and NOM. The potential for utilizing FED to map dislocation-associated growth pits is discussed. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Liu, Kendrick X.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Twigg, Mark E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Xuan; Skowronski, Marek] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yoosuf.picard@nr1.navy.mil RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011; OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 074904 DI 10.1063/1.2903873 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200105 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Clark, A. E. TI Measurement of d(15) in Fe(100-x)Ga(x) (x=12.5,15,18.4,22), Fe(50)Co(50), and Fe(81)Al(19) highly textured polycrystalline rods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB We report the first measurements of d(15), which relate torsion to an applied field, in the high magnetostriction Galfenol alloys Fe(100-x)Ga(x) (x=12.5,15,18.4,22), Fe(50)Co(50), and Fe(81)Al(19). Measurements were performed on highly textured polycrystalline 6.4x50.8 mm(2) rods by simultaneously applying a longitudinal magnetic field H(parallel to) (-1200 < H(parallel to)< 1200 Oe) along the rod axis and a circumferential magnetic field H(perpendicular to) generated by a current i (-60 < i <+60 A) through the sample. We obtained d(15) from the twist xi using du Tremolet de Lacheisserie's [Magnetostriction (CRC, Boca Raton, 1993), 212] results for H(perpendicular to)< H(parallel to), modified for our nearly cubic samples: d(15)=2 xi/j, where j is the current density in the sample. In the Fe(100-x)Ga(x) system, d(15) (in nm/A) were 4.5 +/- 1, x=12.5 (sample 1); 7 +/- 2, x=12.5 (sample 2); 2.8 +/- 0.5, x=15; 16 +/- 3, x=22 (stress annealed); and 11.4 +/- 0.4, x=22. The Fe(81.6)Ga(18.4) measurements did not yield a value. For Fe(50)Co(50), d(15)=29 +/- 4 and for Fe(81)Al(19), d(15)=8 +/- 1. Estimated values of lambda(111) were obtained by fitting xi to 1/H(parallel to) and are compared to those obtained from single crystal measurements. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Restorff, J. B.; Wun-Fogle, M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Clark, A. E.] Clarks Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B305 DI 10.1063/1.2832667 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200201 ER EF