FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU McGlone, D Weatherford, T Gillespie, J Via, G Zimmer, J AF McGlone, D. Weatherford, T. Gillespie, J. Via, G. Zimmer, J. GP JEDEC TI ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL MODELING OF AlGaN/GaN HEMTS ON DIAMOND SILICON SUBSTRATES SO 2008 ROCS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT JEDEC ROCS Workshop 2008 CY OCT 12, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP JEDEC JC 14 7 Comm Gallium Arsenide Reliabil & Qual Standards, Elect Devices Soc Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc AB The following work modeled an AlGaN/GaN HEMT on a silicon/polydiamond/polycrystalline silicon substrate to predict the self heating aspects of the FETs current and voltage characteristics. Various thermal conductivity substrate structure combinations were investigated. Simulation and measured data are compared for DC IV Curves. The 2D modeling was used to examine self heating in the DC IV by mobility and thermal conductivity parameters. Removal in the Simulation of the bottom polysilicon handle was used to predict improved HEMT DC performance. Results are shown that suggest that a 20 mu m diamond Substrate layer improves the DC IV characteristics and lowers channel temperatures. C1 [McGlone, D.; Weatherford, T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McGlone, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code EC WT, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM david.mcglone@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU JEDEC PI ARLINGTON PA 2500 WILSON BLVD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA BN 978-0-7908-0120-9 PY 2008 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1109/ROCS.2008.5483613 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIT33 UT WOS:000262503300001 ER PT B AU Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Via, GD Roussos, JA Caldwell, JD Calame, JP AF Mittereder, J. A. Binari, S. C. Via, G. D. Roussos, J. A. Caldwell, J. D. Calame, J. P. GP JEDEC TI RF Arrhenius Life Testing of X-band GaN HEMTs SO 2008 ROCS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT JEDEC ROCS Workshop 2008 CY OCT 12, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP JEDEC JC 14 7 Comm Gallium Arsenide Reliabil & Qual Standards, Elect Devices Soc Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Inc C1 [Mittereder, J. A.; Binari, S. C.; Roussos, J. A.; Caldwell, J. D.; Calame, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittereder, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mittereder@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JEDEC PI ARLINGTON PA 2500 WILSON BLVD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA BN 978-0-7908-0120-9 PY 2008 BP 195 EP 195 DI 10.1109/ROCS.2008.5483627 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIT33 UT WOS:000262503300014 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, Susan M. GP IEEE TI BETTER THAN A PETAFLOP: THE POWER OF EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Recent advances in high-performance computing have pushed computational capabilities to a petaflop (a thousand trillion operations per second) in a single computing cluster. This breakthrough has been hailed as a way to fundamentally change science and engineering by letting people perform experiments that were previously beyond reach. But for those interested in exploring the I/O behavior of their simulation model, efficient experimental design has a much higher payoff at a much lower cost. A well-designed experiment allows the analyst to examine many more factors than would otherwise be possible, while providing insights that cannot be gleaned from trial-and-error approaches or by sampling factors one at a time. We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. Ideally, this tutorial will entice you to use experimental designs in your upcoming simulation studies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736057 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200008 ER PT B AU Ahner, DK Alt, JK Baez, F Jackson, J Sanchez, SM Seitz, T AF Ahner, Darryl K. Alt, Jonathon K. Baez, Francisco Jackson, John Sanchez, Susan M. Seitz, Thorsten GP IEEE TI INCORPORATING INFORMATION NETWORKS INTO MILITARY SIMULATIONS SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Information superiority is considered a critical capability for future joint forces. As advances in technology continue to boost our ability to communicate in new and different ways, military forces are restructuring to incorporate these technologies. Yet we are still limited in our ability to measure the contributions made by information networks. We describe three recent studies at the Naval Postgraduate School that involve information networks. First, we examine a simulation model expanded from a two-person, zero-sum game to explore how information superiority contributes to battlefield results and how sensitive it is to information quality. Second, we examine how network-enabled communications affect the logistics operations in a centralized receiving and shipping point. The results are intended to provide operational insights for terminal node operations within a sustainment base. Third, we explore how social networks might be incorporated into agent-based models representing civilian populations in stability operations. C1 [Ahner, Darryl K.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Alt, Jonathon K.; Baez, Francisco] US Army TRADOC, Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jackson, John] US Joint Forces Command J9, Joint Concept Dev & Experimentat Div, Suffolk, VA 23435 USA. [Sanchez, Susan M.; Seitz, Thorsten] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 9394 USA. RP Ahner, DK (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM darryl.ahner@usma.edu; jkalt@nps.edu; frbaezto@nps.edu; jacksonj3@hotmail.com; ssanchez@nps.edu; seitzthorsten@aol.com FU TRAC-MTRY FX This work was partially supported by TRAC-MTRY NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 133 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736063 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200014 ER PT B AU Szechtman, R Yucesan, E AF Szechtman, Roberto Yuecesan, Enver GP IEEE TI A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON FEASIBILITY DETERMINATION SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; SELECTION; SIMULATION; ALLOCATIONS; POPULATION; RANKING AB We consider the problem of feasibility determination in a stochastic setting. In particular, we wish to determine whether a system belongs to a given set Gamma based on a performance measure estimated through Monte Carlo simulation. Our contribution is two-fold: (i) we characterize fractional allocations that are asymptotically optimal; and (ii) we provide an easily implementable algorithm, rooted in stochastic approximation theory, that results in sampling allocations that provably achieve in the limit the same performance as the optimal allocations. The finite-time behavior of the algorithm is also illustrated on two small examples. C1 [Szechtman, Roberto] USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yuecesan, Enver] INSEAD, Technol & Operat Management Area, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. RP Szechtman, R (reprint author), USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rszechtm@nps.edu RI Yucesan, Enver/B-4374-2010 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 273 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736078 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200029 ER PT B AU Horne, GE Schwierz, KP AF Horne, Gary E. Schwierz, Klaus-Peter GP IEEE TI DATA FARMING AROUND THE WORLD OVERVIEW SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Data Farming combines the rapid prototyping capability inherent in certain simulation models with the exploratory power of high performance computing to rapidly generate insight into questions. The Data Farming process focuses on a more complete landscape of possible system responses, rather than attempting to pinpoint an answer. Data Farming allows decision makers to more fully understand the landscape of possibilities and also consider outliers that may be discovered. Over the past decade, an international community has formed around these ideas. In 2008, International Data Farming Workshop 16 took place in Monterey, California, USA and workshop number 17 was held in Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. In addition to a summary of these two workshops, this paper will present an over-view of the process that has developed to include the development of both methods and applications in the International Data Farming Community. C1 [Horne, Gary E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, SEED Ctr Data Farming, Monterey, CA USA. [Schwierz, Klaus-Peter] European Aeronaut Def & Space Co, Syst Design Ctr Germany, Friedrichshafen, Germany. RP Horne, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, SEED Ctr Data Farming, Monterey, CA USA. EM gehorne@nps.edu; Peter.Schwierz@EADS.com NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1442 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736222 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200173 ER PT J AU Rice, JA Ong, CW AF Rice, Joseph A. Ong, Chee Wei BE Mauri, JL Hovem, JM Vasseur, JP Dini, C TI A Discovery Process for Initializing Underwater Acoustic Networks SO 2010 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS (SENSORCOMM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM) CY JUL 18-25, 2010 CL Mestre, ITALY SP IARIA, IEEE Comp Soc DE Seaweb; underwater acoustic networks; acoustic communications; discovery AB Seaweb is an underwater acoustic wide-area network connecting autonomous, distributed nodes. This paper presents a network discovery process that enables such a field of spontaneously deployed, ad hoc nodes to autoconfigure network routes. The process is initialized as nodes in the network are discovered, link distances measured, and optimal routes chosen from among candidate routes according to comparative evaluation of a cost function. The implemented network discovery process is tested with computer simulation and demonstrated at sea with a network of 19 nodes. The resultant network routes obtained upon completion of the ad hoc network discovery process are compared with those derived from Dijkstra's algorithm. It is concluded that the network discovery process always produces a shortest-path route from a master node to each discovered node in the network. Sensitivity analysis on the route cost evaluation function is performed. C1 [Rice, Joseph A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ong, Chee Wei] Republ Singapore Navy, Singapore, Singapore. RP Rice, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rice@nps.edu; ocheewei@starnet.gov.sg FU Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences Program [321CG] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences Program, 321CG. This paper is based on the Master of Science thesis of Chee Wei Ong published by Naval Postgraduate School in December 2008. Sea testing support was provided by SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific with support by Chris Fletcher, Bob Creber, and Bill Marn. Software support was provided by Mike Coryer and Rob Pinelli of Teledyne Benthos, Inc. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-3330-8 PY 2008 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2010.110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BXM64 UT WOS:000296392600069 ER PT S AU Farrell, P Garfinkel, SL White, D AF Farrell, Paul Garfinkel, Simson L. White, Douglas TI Practical Applications of Bloom filters to the NIST RDS and hard drive triage. SO 24TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual Computer Security Applications Conference - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP Appl Comp Security Associates AB Much effort has been expended in recent years to create large sets of hash codes from known files. Distributing these sets has become more difficult as these sets grow larger Meanwhile the value of these sets for eliminating the need to analyze "known goods" has decreased as hard drives have dramatically increased in storage capacity. This paper evaluates the use of Bloom filters (BFs) to distribute the National Software Reference Library's (NSRL) Reference Data Set (RDS) version 2.19, with 13 million SHA-1 hashes. We present an open source reference BF implementation and validate it against a large collection of disk images. We discuss the timing of the filters, discuss how they can be used to enable new forensic functionality, and present a novel attack against bloom fillers. C1 [Farrell, Paul; Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [White, Douglas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Farrell, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Naval Postgraduate School's Research Initiation Program; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Government FX This research was supported in part by the Naval Postgraduate Schools Research Initiation Program. The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not nnecessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-9527 BN 978-0-7695-3447-3 J9 ANN COMPUT SECURITY PY 2008 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2008.12 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV52 UT WOS:000263156400002 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Furukawa, T Hermanson, JC Lambrakos, SG AF Michopoulos, John G. Furukawa, Tomonari Hermanson, John C. Lambrakos, Samuel G. GP ASME TI Simulateneous hierarchical and multi-level optimization for material characterization and design of experiments SO 27TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE design optimization; material characterization; design of experiments; mechatronic systems; constitutive response; anisotropic materials; composites AB A hierarchical algorithmic and computational scheme based on a staggered design optimization approach is presented. This scheme is structured for unique characterization of many continuum systems and their associated datasets of experimental measurements related to their response characteristics. This methodology achieves both online (realtime) and offline design of optimum experiments required for characterization of the material system under consideration, while also achieving a constitutive characterization of the system. The approach assumes that mechatronic systems are available for exposing specimens to multidimensional loading paths and for the acquisition of data associated with stimulus and response behavior. Material characterization is achieved by minimizing the difference between system responses that are measured experimentally and predicted based on model representation. The performance metrics of the material characterization process are used to construct objective functions for the design of experiments at a higher-level optimization. The distinguishability and uniqueness of solutions that characterize the system are used as two of many possible measures adopted for construction of objective functions required for design of experiments. Finally, a demonstration of the methodology is presented that considers the best loading path of a two degree-of-freedom loading machine for characterization of the linear elastic constitutive response of anisotropic materials. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Lambrakos, Samuel G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4803-6 PY 2008 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHM50 UT WOS:000254279300010 ER PT B AU Nguyen, T Irvine, C AF Nguyen, Thuy Irvine, Cynthia BE Armistead, L TI Use of evaluation criteria in security education SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE security requirements engineering; security evaluation; security education; information assurance AB Success in information warfare will depend on resilient, reconstitutable cyber assets and the ability to assess and respond to attacks, A cornerstone of this success will be the ability of Information Assurance professionals to develop sound security requirements and determine the suitability of evaluated security products for mission-specific systems. Recognizing the pedagogical value of applying security evaluation criteria such as the Common Criteria (CC) to information security education, we recently introduced a graduate-level Computer Science course focusing on methodical security requirements engineering based on the CC. This course aims to provide students with an understanding of how security evaluation criteria can be used to specify system security objectives, derive security requirements from security objectives, establish life cycle and development processes, and provide an organizational framework for research and development. Although imperfect, the paradigmatic process of the CC provides a usable framework for in-depth study of various tasks relating to system requirements derivation and verification activities: system requirements elicitation, threat analysis, security objectives definition and security requirements expression. In-class discussions address fundamental security design principles and disciplines for information and software assurance (e.g., formal methods and life cycle management) as applied to security requirements derivation. Coverage of advanced CC topics includes high assurance evaluation, international and U.S. scheme interpretation processes, guidance for Protection Profile development, CC evaluation methodology, and composite evaluation. This paper describes the scope and design of a pilot course offering. Laboratory projects focus on the differences between security functional and assurance requirements, mock evaluation of a draft Protection Profile, examination of the interpretation process in the U.S. scheme, and development of a preliminary sketch of a Composed Assurance Package for a hypothetical composed target system that is suitable for use in operational environments requiring medium robustness. Lessons learned and planned refinements of course material and focus are also discussed. C1 [Nguyen, Thuy; Irvine, Cynthia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000033 ER PT B AU Ong, KL Nguyen, T Irvine, C AF Ong, Kar Leong Nguyen, Thuy Irvine, Cynthia BE Armistead, L TI Implementation of a multilevel wiki for cross-domain collaboration SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE wiki; multilevel security; access controls; porting methodology AB The pace of modern warfare requires tools that support intensive, ongoing collaboration between participants. Wiki technology provides a hypertext content-based collaborative authoring and information sharing environment that includes the ability to create links to other web contents, relative stability, ease of use, and logging features for tracking contributions and modifications. Military environments impose a requirement to enforce national policies regarding authorized access to classified information while satisfying the intent of wikis to provide an open context for content sharing. The Global Information Grid (GIG) vision calls for a highly flexible multilevel environment. The Monterey Security Architecture (MYSEA) Test-bed provides a distributed high assurance multilevel networking environment where authenticated users securely access data and services at different classification levels. The MYSEA approach is to provide users with unmodified commercial-off-the-shelf office productivity tools while enforcing a multilevel security (MLS) policy with high assurance. The extensible Test-bed architecture is designed with strategically placed trusted components that comprise the distributed TCB, while untrusted commercial clients support the user interface. We have extended the collaboration capabilities of MYSEA through the creation of a multilevel wiki. This wiki permits users who access the system at a particular sensitivity level to read and post information to the wiki at that level. Users at higher sensitivity levels may read wiki content at lower security levels and may post information at the higher security level. The underlying MLS policy enforcement mechanisms prevent low users from accessing higher sensitivity information. The multilevel wiki was created by porting a publicly available wiki engine to run on the high assurance system hosting the MYSEA server. A systematic process was used to select a wiki for the MYSEA environment. TWiki was chosen. To simplify identification of errors that might arise in the porting process, a three-stage porting methodology was used. Functional and security tests were performed to ensure that the wiki engine operates properly while being constrained by the underlying policy enforcement mechanisms of the server. An objective in designing the test plans was to ensure adequate test coverage, while avoiding a combinatoric explosion of test cases. Repeatable regression testing procedures were also produced. A conflict between the application-level DAC policy of the wiki and that of the MYSEA server was identified and resolved. C1 [Ong, Kar Leong; Nguyen, Thuy; Irvine, Cynthia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000034 ER PT B AU Phelps, D Auguston, M Levin, T AF Phelps, David Auguston, Mikhail Levin, Timothy BE Armistead, L TI Formal models of a Least Privilege Separation Kernel in alloy SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Warfare and Security CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Omaha, NE HO Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE software verification; principles, least privilege; information flow controls, separation kernels; formal languages ID INFORMATION; PROTECTION; SYSTEMS AB We describe the specification of the formal security policy model and formal top-level specification for the Least Privilege Separation Kernel (LPSK) in Alloy, a relatively new modeling language and analysis tool. The state of the art for the formal verification of secure software requires representation of an abstract model, and one or more refinements (to the model), in a formal specification language. These specifications are then examined for self-consistency with their properties, as well as for consistency between levels of abstraction, all of which can be time consuming, and costly. Alloy provides a simple, intuitive logic framework, in contrast to many other formal languages that are intended to support general-purpose mathematics. In order to determine whether Alloy can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the verification of secure computer systems, we used it to specify portions of the LPSK formal security policy model and formal top-level specification, and utilized the Alloy Analyzer to examine the consistency of the specifications. The security-critical system elements and predicates for security properties were defined in terms of a state model, and system operations were represented as state transitions. While Alloy does not support induction or proofs, it can be used to find counter examples in a small scope of state transitions. We conclude that Alloy has few limitations and is suitable, as measured by utility and ease of use, to include in the toolbox for rapid high-assurance system development. The primary concern with using Alloy for industrial, versus academic, security verification is the scalability of the Alloy Analyzer with respect to the state-space of the security model and formal top-level specification. For real system verification, Alloy must support a much larger scope. We found that the translation of an existing informal LPSK security policy model to Alloy provided insight for making the model clearer. It is also apparent that Alloy allows for the beginner to formal system verification to quickly climb its learning curve. C1 [Phelps, David; Auguston, Mikhail; Levin, Timothy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-906638-00-9 PY 2008 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Communication; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHT86 UT WOS:000256343000035 ER PT S AU Kang, W AF Kang, Wei GP IEEE TI The Rate of Convergence for a Pseudospectral Optimal Control Method SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-11, 2008 CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS) ID FEEDBACK LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS AB Over the last decade, pseudospectral (PS) methods have emerged as a popular computational solution for the problem of nonlinear constrained optimal control. They have been applied to many industrial-strength problems, notably the recent zero-propellant-maneuvering of the International Space Station performed by NASA. In this paper, we prove a theorem on the rate of convergence for the approximate optimal cost computed using PS methods. This paper contains several essential differences from existing papers on PS optimal control as well as some other direct computational methods. First, the proofs do not use necessary conditions of optimal control. Secondly, we do not make coercivity type of assumptions. As a result, the theory does not require the local uniqueness of optimal solutions. The proof is not build on the bases of consistency approximation theory. Thus, we can remove some restrictive assumptions in the previous results on PS optimal control methods. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-3124-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2008 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4738608 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL77 UT WOS:000307311600087 ER PT S AU Krener, AJ AF Krener, Arthur J. GP IEEE TI Observability of Vortex Flows SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-11, 2008 CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS) DE Point vortex flow; observability; Eulerian observation; Lagrangian observation; observability rank condition ID MOTION AB We study the observability of one and two point vortex flow from one or two Eulerian or Lagrangian observations. By observability we mean the ability to determine the locations and strengths of the vortices from the time history of the observations. An Eulerian observation is a measurement of the velocity of the flow at a fixed point in the domain of the flow. A Lagrangian observation is the measurement of the position of a particle moving with the fluid. To determine observability we introduce the observability and the strong observability rank conditions and compute them for the various flows and observations. We find that vortex flows with Lagrangian observations tend to be more observable then the same flows with Eulerian observations. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. EM ajkrener@nps.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-3124-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2008 BP 3884 EP 3889 DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4738604 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL77 UT WOS:000307311604004 ER PT S AU Hegeler, F Myers, MC Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Burns, P Friedman, M Giuliani, JL Jaynes, R Albert, T Parish, J AF Hegeler, F. Myers, M. C. Wolford, M. F. Sethian, J. D. Burns, P. Friedman, M. Giuliani, J. L. Jaynes, R. Albert, T. Parish, J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI The Electra KrF laser system SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID FUSION ENERGY AB This paper presents a brief overview of the Electra laser system and reports on the most recent results. The laser system consists of an electron beam pumped main amplifier with an aperture of 30 cm x 30 cm, an e-beam pumped 10 cm x 10 cm pre-amplifier, and a KrF discharge laser serving as the seed oscillator. The electron beam amplifiers are pumped from both sides. Full laser system shots have been completed with a laser energy of 450 J. The main amplifier, operating as an oscillator, has demonstrated 25,000 continuous laser shots at 2.5 Hz single sided pumping as well as 16,600 shots @ 2.5 Hz at similar to 300 J/shot within 2 hours. C1 [Hegeler, F.; Friedman, M.; Albert, T.; Parish, J.] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Myers, M. C.; Wolford, M. F.; Sethian, J. D.; Burns, P.; Giuliani, J. L.; Jaynes, R.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM frank.hegeler@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 FU DOE/NNSA FX This work is supported by DOE/NNSA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032035 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032035 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000151 ER PT S AU Watari, T Sakaiya, T Azechi, H Nakai, M Shiraga, H Shigemori, K Hosoda, H Saito, H Arikawa, Y Sakawa, Y Fujioka, S Hironaka, Y Murakami, M Karasik, M Gardner, J Bates, J Colombant, D Weber, J Obenschain, S Aglitsky, Y Norreys, PA Eliezer, S Mima, K AF Watari, T. Sakaiya, T. Azechi, H. Nakai, M. Shiraga, H. Shigemori, K. Hosoda, H. Saito, H. Arikawa, Y. Sakawa, Y. Fujioka, S. Hironaka, Y. Murakami, M. Karasik, M. Gardner, J. Bates, J. Colombant, D. Weber, J. Obenschain, S. Aglitsky, Y. Norreys, P. A. Eliezer, S. Mima, K. CA TMS Grp GOD Grp BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Neutron generation from Impact Fast Ignition SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PLASMA AB We have proposed a new ignition scheme of Fast Ignition, called "Impact Fast Ignition [1] (IFI)", in which a compressed fuel is ignited by impact collision of a fragment of separately imploded fuel. We have started experiments that used CD colliding foils as the fundamental experiment and integrated experiment of the IFI. In the fundamental experiment, we used targets which are consists of two CD foils (thickness of 20 m) with a 600 m separation. We have irradiated one of the CD foils by laser beams of the energy of 2 kJ in total and accelerated. The accelerated CD foil collides with another foil, and neutrons were generated by the nuclear fusion reaction on the heated foil. In this experiment, we measured the neutron yield of 10(6). In the integrated experiment, we used CD shell targets with a gold cone which had a hemispherical impactor (Fig. 1). The shell was imploded using 9 beams and the impactor was accelerated using 3 beams of the GEKKO XII laser system. The laser energy was 350 J per beam. Observed maximum neutron yield was 2x10(6). This yield was 80 times as large as that without impactor. We will present the experimental details and results. C1 [Watari, T.; Sakaiya, T.; Azechi, H.; Nakai, M.; Shiraga, H.; Shigemori, K.; Hosoda, H.; Saito, H.; Arikawa, Y.; Sakawa, Y.; Fujioka, S.; Hironaka, Y.; Murakami, M.; Mima, K.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Karasik, M.; Gardner, J.; Bates, J.; Colombant, D.; Weber, J.; Obenschain, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Aglitsky, Y.] Sci Applications Int Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Norreys, P. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. [Eliezer, S.] Soreq NRC, Plasma Phys Dept, Yavne, Israel. RP Watari, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. EM twatari@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022065 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022065 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000082 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Ai, ZM AF Livingston, Mark A. Ai, Zhuming BE Livingston, MA Bimber, O Saito, H TI The Effect of Registration Error on Tracking Distant Augmented Objects SO 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MIXED AND AUGMENTED REALITY 2008, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM DE H.5.1 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: Multimedia Information Systems; Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces; Evaluation/Methodology; H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems; Human factors ID ENVIRONMENTS AB We conducted a user study of the effect of registration error on performance of tracking distant objects in augmented reality. Categorizing error by types that are often used as specifications, we hoped to derive some insight into the ability of users to tolerate noise, latency, and orientation error. We used measurements from actual systems to derive the parameter settings. We expected all three errors to influence users' ability to perform the task correctly and the precision with which they performed the task. We found that high latency had a negative impact on both performance and response time. While noise consistently interacted with the other variables, and orientation error increased user error, the differences between "high" and "low" amounts were smaller than we expected. Results of users' subjective rankings of these three categories of error were surprisingly mixed. Users believed noise was the most detrimental, though statistical analysis of performance refuted this belief. We interpret the results and draw insights for system design. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Ai, Zhuming] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; zai@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1554-7868 BN 978-1-4244-2840-3 J9 INT SYM MIX AUGMENT PY 2008 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BIN13 UT WOS:000260993200014 ER PT S AU Oates, DE Agassi, D Moeckly, BH AF Oates, D. E. Agassi, D. Moeckly, B. H. BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI Intermodulation and Power Handling in MgB2 Thin Filmsa SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID REACTIVE EVAPORATION; MICROWAVE; NONLINEARITY; DEPENDENCE; DISTORTION; YBCO AB The nonlinear surface impedance and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products of MgB2 thin films have been measured as a function of power and temperature from 1.7 K to T-C. Both dielectric and metallic substrates have been employed. The measurements on dielectrics use a stripline-resonator technique at 2 GHz. The measurements on metallic substrates have been carried out using a dielectric-resonator method at 10 GHz. The films were grown using the deposition technique of reactive evaporation onto LaAlO3, sapphire, and buffered copper, and stainless steel substrates. The low-power R-S(T) is comparable to that of sputtered Nb films on sapphire, and lower than that of YBCO at the corresponding reduced temperatures. The rf-magnetic-field dependence at T < 20 K follows a moderate slope without breakdown for H < 500 Oe, the limit of the experiment. The measurements of IMD are compared with a theoretical analysis that assumes uncoupled pi and sigma channels and intrinsic nonlinearity to the lowest nonlinear order in the radiation field. While the temperature dependence of the measured IMD on dielectric substrates reflects the calculations qualitatively, it shows features that are not consistent with pure s-wave behavior. C1 [Oates, D. E.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Moeckly, B. H.] Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfar Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Moeckly, B. H.] Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Oates, DE (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu FU Department of the Navy; NSWCCD FX This work was supported by the Department of the Navy, and ILIR program of NSWCCD. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012204 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012204 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100203 ER PT S AU Thieme, CLH Gagnon, K Voccio, J Aized, D Claassen, J AF Thieme, C. L. H. Gagnon, K. Voccio, J. Aized, D. Claassen, J. BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI AC Application of Second Generation HTS Wire SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTOR; SUPERCONDUCTOR; MAGNETISM; LOSSES; COILS AB For the production of Second Generation (2G) YBCO High Temperature Superconductor wire American Superconductor uses a wide-strip MOD-YBCO/RABiTS (TM) process, a low-cost approach for commercial manufacturing. It can be engineered with a high degree of flexibility to manufacture practical 2G conductors with architectures and properties tailored for specific applications and operating conditions. For ac applications conductor and coil design can be geared towards low hysteretic losses. For applications which experience high frequency ac fields, the stabilizer needs to be adjusted for low eddy current losses. For these applications a stainless-steel laminate is used. An example is a Low Pass Filter Inductor which was developed and built in this work. C1 [Thieme, C. L. H.; Gagnon, K.; Voccio, J.] Amer Superconductor, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Aized, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Claassen, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thieme, CLH (reprint author), Amer Superconductor, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. EM cthieme@amsc.com RI Gagnon, Kevin/C-1247-2009 FU DARPA; ONR FX The authors thank DARPA and ONR for support through the SyperHype program NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012298 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012298 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100297 ER PT J AU Wang, H Zhou, H AF Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Extendability of Equilibria of Nematic Polymers SO ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; WEAK SHEAR; SPHERE; STATES AB The purpose of this paper is to study the extendability of equilibrium states of rodlike nematic polymers with the Maier-Saupe intermolecular potential. We formulate equilibrium states as solutions of a nonlinear system and calculate the determinant of the Jacobian matrix of the nonlinear system. It is found that the Jacobian matrix is nonsingular everywhere except at two equilibrium states. These two special equilibrium states correspond to two points in the phase diagram. One point is the folding point where the stable prolate branch folds into the unstable prolate branch; the other point is the intersection point of the nematic branch and the isotropic branch where the unstable prolate state becomes the unstable oblate state. Our result establishes the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states in the presence of small perturbations away from these two special equilibrium states. Copyright (c) 2008 H. Wang and H. Zhou. C1 [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06313G003] FX H. Wang was partially supported by the National Science Foundation. H. Zhou was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant no. F1ATA06313G003. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1085-3375 J9 ABSTR APPL ANAL JI Abstract Appl. Anal. PY 2008 AR 854725 DI 10.1155/2008/854725 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 381WV UT WOS:000261567500001 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Zhou, H AF Wang, Hongyun Zhou, Hong TI Stokes efficiency of molecular motor-cargo systems SO ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ATP SYNTHASE; ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; FORCE CLAMP; RATCHET; CYCLE AB A molecular motor utilizes chemical free energy to generate a unidirectional motion through the viscous fluid. In many experimental settings and biological settings, a molecular motor is elastically linked to a cargo. The stochastic motion of a molecular motor-cargo system is governed by a set of Langevin equations, each corresponding to an individual chemical occupancy state. The change of chemical occupancy state is modeled by a continuous time discrete space Markov process. The probability density of a motor-cargo system is governed by a two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation. The operation of a molecular motor is dominated by high viscous friction and large thermal fluctuations from surrounding fluid. The instantaneous velocity of a molecular motor is highly stochastic: the past velocity is quickly damped by the viscous friction and the new velocity is quickly excited by bombardments of surrounding fluid molecules. Thus, the theory for macroscopic motors should not be applied directly to molecular motors without close examination. In particular, a molecular motor behaves differently working against a viscous drag than working against a conservative force. The Stokes efficiency was introduced to measure how efficiently a motor uses chemical free energy to drive against viscous drag. For a motor without cargo, it was proved that the Stokes efficiency is bounded by 100% [H. Wang and G. Oster, (2002)]. Here, we present a proof for the general motor-cargo system. Copyright (C) 2008 H. Wang and H. Zhou. C1 [Zhou, Hong] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wang, Hongyun] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1085-3375 EI 1687-0409 J9 ABSTR APPL ANAL JI Abstract Appl. Anal. PY 2008 AR 241736 DI 10.1155/2008/241736 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 312KD UT WOS:000256669400001 ER PT J AU Rouson, DWI Rosenberg, R Xu, XF Moulitsas, I Kassinos, SC AF Rouson, Damian W. I. Rosenberg, Robert Xu, Xiaofeng Moulitsas, Irene Kassinos, Stavros C. TI A grid-free abstraction of the Navier-Stokes equations in Fortran 95/2003 SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE design; performance; Navier-Stokes equations; Fortran; computational fluid dynamics; coordinate-free programming; grid-free programming; complexity; scientific computing ID TURBULENCE; SOFTWARE AB Computational complexity theory inspires a grid-free abstraction of the Navier-Stokes equations in Fortran 95/2003. A novel complexity analysis estimates that structured programming time grows at least quadratically with the number of program lines. Further analysis demonstrates how an object-oriented strategy focused on mathematical objects renders the quadratic estimate scale-invariant, so the time required for the limiting factor in program development (debugging) no longer grows as the code grows. Compared to the coordinate-free C++ programming of Grant et al. [2000], grid-free Fortran programming eliminates a layer of procedure calls, eliminates a related need for the C++ template construct, and offers a shorter migration path for Fortran programmers. The grid-free strategy is demonstrated by constructing a physical-space driver for a Fourier-space Navier-Stokes solver. Separating the expression of the continuous mathematical model from the discrete numerics clarifies issues that are otherwise easily conflated. A run-time profile suggests that grid-free design substantially reduces the fraction of the procedures that significantly impact runtime, freeing more code to be structured in ways that reduce development time. Applying Amdahl's law to the total solution time (development time plus run time) leads to a strategy that negligibly impacts development time but achieves 58% of the maximum possible speedup. C1 [Rouson, Damian W. I.; Rosenberg, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xu, Xiaofeng] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moulitsas, Irene; Kassinos, Stavros C.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM damian@rouson.net RI Moulitsas, Irene/B-1558-2009; OI Kassinos, Stavros/0000-0002-3501-3851 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 EI 1557-7295 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1145/1322436.1322438 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 272AN UT WOS:000253829900002 ER PT S AU Allen, MR Kim, JJ Agrawal, B AF Allen, Matthew R. Kim, Jae Jun Agrawal, Brij BE Chodos, SL Thompson, WE TI Control of a deformable mirror subject to structural disturbance SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, POINTING, AND LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing and Laser Systems Technologies XXII CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; beam control; space telescope; wavefront control AB Future space based deployable telescopes will be subject to non-atmospheric disturbances. Jitter and optical misalignment on a spacecraft can be caused by mechanical noise of the spacecraft, and settling after maneuvers. The introduction of optical misalignment and jitter can reduce the performance of an optical system resulting in pointing error and contributing to higher order aberrations. Adaptive optics can be used to control jitter and higher order aberrations in an optical system. In this paper, wavefront control methods for the Naval Postgraduate School adaptive optics testbed are developed. The focus is on removing structural noise from the flexible optical surface using discrete time proportional integral control with second order filters. Experiments using the adaptive optics testbed successfully demonstrate wavefront control methods, including a combined iterative feedback and gradient control technique. This control technique results in a three time improvement in RMS wavefront error over the individual controllers correcting from a biased mirror position. Second order discrete time notch filters are also used to remove induced low frequency actuator and sensor noise at 2Hz. Additionally a 2 Hz structural disturbance is simulated on a Micromachined Membrane Deformable Mirror and removed using discrete time notch filters combined with an iterative closed loop feedback controller, showing a 36 time improvement in RMS wavefront error over the iterative closed loop feedback alone. C1 [Allen, Matthew R.; Kim, Jae Jun; Agrawal, Brij] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Allen, MR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7162-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6971 AR 69710C DI 10.1117/12.783758 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIA86 UT WOS:000257982500007 ER PT J AU Fredricksen, H Ionascu, EJ Luca, F Stanica, P AF Fredricksen, H. Ionascu, E. J. Luca, F. Stanica, P. TI Minimal Niven numbers SO ACTA ARITHMETICA LA English DT Article DE sum of digits; Niven numbers ID SUM; INTEGERS; DIGITS C1 [Fredricksen, H.; Stanica, P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ionascu, E. J.] Columbus State Univ, Dept Math, Columbus, GA 31907 USA. [Luca, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Matemat, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Fredricksen, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM half@nps.edu; ionascu_eugen@colstate.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 FU National Security Agency [RMA54]; Naval Postgraduate School FX Work by F. L. was started in the Spring of 2007 while he visited the Naval Postgraduate School. He would like to thank this institution for its hospitality. H. F. acknowledges support from the National Security Agency under contract RMA54. Research of P. S. was supported in part by a RJP grant from Naval Postgraduate School. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST MATHEMATICS PI WARSAW 10 PA SNIADECKICH 8, PO BOX 21,, 00-956 WARSAW 10, POLAND SN 0065-1036 J9 ACTA ARITH JI Acta Arith. PY 2008 VL 132 IS 2 BP 135 EP 159 DI 10.4064/aa132-2-3 PG 25 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 341GU UT WOS:000258703000003 ER PT J AU Lucas, SR Bass, CR Salzar, RS Oyen, ML Planchak, C Ziemba, A Shender, BS Paskoff, G AF Lucas, Scott R. Bass, Cameron R. Salzar, Robert S. Oyen, Michelle L. Planchak, Chris Ziemba, Adam Shender, Barry S. Paskoff, Glenn TI Viscoelastic properties of the cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE spine; ligament; viscoelasticity; strain-rate dependence; biomechanics ID MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT; DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; STRESS-RELAXATION; MECHANICAL MODEL; FRONTAL IMPACT; HUMAN AMNION AB The mechanical response of ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations is a necessary input into computational models that are used for injury assessment. However, this information frequently is not available for the ligaments that are routinely injured in fast-rate loading scenarios. In the current study, experiments were conducted at fast strain rates for the cervical spinal ligaments: the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum. Bone-ligament-bone complexes at three spine levels were harvested for mechanical testing. Displacement-controlled sub-failure uniaxial tensile tests were performed in both load-relaxation and sinusoidal conditions. A nonlinear (separable) viscoelastic model was used to examine the experimental data. An unexpected result of the modeling was that the instantaneous elastic functions could be approximated as linear for these strain rates. A five-parameter model was sufficient to characterize the ligament viscoelastic responses and had good predictive capacity under different applied loading conditions. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucas, Scott R.; Bass, Cameron R.; Salzar, Robert S.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Oyen, Michelle L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Planchak, Chris] Naval Surface Warface Ctr Carderock Div, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. [Ziemba, Adam] Triodyne Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. [Shender, Barry S.; Paskoff, Glenn] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lucas, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Appl Biomech, 1011 Linden Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. EM slucas@virginia.edu RI Oyen, Michelle/B-1600-2008; OI Oyen, Michelle/0000-0002-3428-748X NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.08.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 243DB UT WOS:000251774000013 PM 17923449 ER PT J AU Pearson, WH Lin, S Iovine, PM AF Pearson, Wayne H. Lin, Shirley Iovine, Peter M. TI 2,4,6-tris(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-pyridyl)-boroxine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID AMINE ADDUCTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE AB Crystals of the title compound, C23H17B3F3NO3, were obtained unintentionally by slow evaporation of a chloroform solution of the preformed boroxine-pyridine adduct. The molecule contains three fluoro-substituted benzene rings, each bonded to one of the three B atoms of a six-membered boroxine ring. A pyridyl ring is also bound to one of the B atoms through a Lewis acid-base interaction. The binding of the pyridyl substituent causes the otherwise planar boroxine ring to twist, resulting in a maximum torsion angle within the ring of 17.6 (2)degrees. C1 [Pearson, Wayne H.; Lin, Shirley] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Iovine, Peter M.] Univ San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Pearson, WH (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM wpearson@usna.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 BP O235 EP U4668 DI 10.1107/S1600536807064367 PN 1 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 247AK UT WOS:000252049300428 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Dunand, DC Seidman, DN AF Knipling, Keith E. Dunand, David C. Seidman, David N. TI Precipitation evolution in Al-Zr and Al-Zr-Ti alloys during isothermal aging at 375-425 degrees C SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; zirconium; titanium; precipitation strengthening; coarsening ID COARSENING BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; METASTABLE PHASES; VOLUME FRACTION; SC ALLOYS; V ALLOYS; NUCLEATION; AL3SC; ZIRCONIUM AB Formation of Al3Zr or Al-3(Zr1-xTix) precipitates with a metastable LI2 structure was investigated in conventionally solidified Al-0.1 Zr, Al-0.2 Zr, Al-0.1 Zr-0.1 Ti, and Al-0.2 Zr-0.2 Ti (at.%) alloys aged isothermally at 375, 400, or 425 degrees C. Pronounced hardening results from nanometer-scale, spheroidal Al3Zr or Al-3(Zrl-,Ti,) (LI2) precipitates within solute-enriched dendrites. Interdendritic regions contain a significantly lower number density of coarser cauliflower-, rod- and plate-shaped precipitates with the LI2 structure. Neither the magnitude of the peak-aged hardness, nor the subsequent loss in hardness due to overaging, is affected by ternary additions of Ti. After extended aging times (1600 h) at 425 degrees C, there is no difference in the mean precipitate radii of spheroidal Al3Zr or Al-3(Zr1-xTix) precipitates, confirming that Ti additions do not improve the coarsening resistance. Comparison with prior coarsening studies on Al3Zr, and Al-3(Zr1-xVx), Al-3(Zr1-xTix) and Al-3(Zr1-x-yVxTiy) (LI2) precipitates at 425 degrees C confirms the lack of an effect from ternary alloying additions. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Knipling, Keith E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Knipling, Keith E.; Dunand, David C.; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Univ Ctr Atom Probe Tomog, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nri.navy.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 65 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.004 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 244DW UT WOS:000251847200014 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV Li, RF AF Chu, Peter C. Ivanov, Leonid M. Melnichenko, Oleg, V Li Rongfeng TI Argo floats revealing bimodality of large-scale mid-depth circulation in the North Atlantic SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE Argo traiectory data; Atlantic Ocean; biomodality; mid-depth circulation; optimal spectral decomposition ID FLOW DECOMPOSITION; OCEAN; STATISTICS; LABRADOR; CURRENTS; SPARSE; SEAS AB Analysis of Argo float trajectories at 1 000 in and temperature at 950 m in the North Atlantic between November 2003 and January 2005 demonstrates the existence of two different circulation modes with fast transition between them. Each mode has a pair of cyclonic - anticyclonic gyres. The difference is the location of the cyclonic gyre. The cyclonic gyre stretches from southeast to northwest in the first mode and from the southwest to the northeast in the second mode. The observed modes strongly affect the heat and salt transport in the North Atlantic. In particular, the second mode slows down the westward transport of the warm and saline water from the Mediterranean Sea. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Ivanov, Leonid M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Melnichenko, Oleg, V] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li Rongfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 304TL UT WOS:000256131900001 ER PT J AU Park, S Chu, PC AF Park, Sunghyea Chu, Peter C. TI Thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat flux in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE southern Huanghai Sea and East China Sea; AXBT; synoptic thermal front; cross-frontal heat flux; lateral eddy diffusivity ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; YELLOW; KUROSHIO; WATER; SATELLITE; SURFACE; SST; SUMMER; LAYER AB Synoptic features in/around thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat fluxes in the southern Huanghai/Yellow Sea and East China Sea (HE S) were examined using the data collected from four airborne expendable bathythermograph surveys with horizontal approxmately 35 kin and vertical I in (from the surface to 400 in deep) spacings. Since the fronts are strongly affected by HES current system, the synoptic thermal features in/around them represent the interaction of currents with surrounding water masses. These features can not be obtained from climatological data. The identified thermal features are listed as follows: (1) multiple boundaries of cold water, asymmetric thermocline intrusion, locally-split front by homogeneous water of approxmately 18 degrees C, and mergence of the front by the Taiwan Warm Current in/around summertime southern Cheju - Changjiang/Yangtze front and Tsushima front; (2) springtime frontal eddy-like feature around Tsushima front; (3) year-round cyclonic meandering and summertime temperature-inversion at the bottom of the surface mixed layer in Cheju - Tsushima front; and (4) multistructure of Kuroshio front. In the Kuroshio front the mean variance of vertical temperature gradient is an order of degree smaller than that in other HES fronts. The southern Cheju - Changjiang front and Cheju - Tsushima front are connected with each other in the summer with comparable cross-frontal temperature gradient. However, cross-frontal heat flux and lateral eddy diffusivity are stronger in the southern Cheju Changjiang front. The cross-frontal heat exchange is the largest in the mixing zone between the modified Huanghai Sea bottom cold water and the Tsushima Warm Current, which is attributable to enhanced thermocline intrusions. C1 [Park, Sunghyea; Chu, Peter C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spark@nps.edu FU The Naval Oceanographic Office; Office of Naval Research; Naval Postgraduate School FX Foundation item: The Naval Oceanographic office, Office of Naval Research, and Naval Postgraduate School. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1145/1360612.1360695 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 397TD UT WOS:000262684100001 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Santiago, F Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Payne, D AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Santiago, Freddie Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don BE Hubin, N Max, CE Wizinowich, PL TI Atmospheric simulator for testing adaptive optics systems SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been conducting research in novel portable adaptive optics systems for many years. These systems are tested exhaustively in a laboratory environment before being migrated to field experiments on astronomical telescopes. As part of the laboratory testing, an atmosphere Simulator hardware testbed has been developed to provide a realization of atmospheric turbulence based on Kolmogorov statistics. In this testbed, a high-pixel Count liquid crystal spatial light modulator induces the atmospheric turbulence through a series of computer calculated phase maps. User controls allow a wide range of telescope apertures and seeing conditions to be explored for testing the adaptive optics system. This paper explains and reports on the use of this dynamic and expandable system in characterizing the performance and optimization parameters of the adaptive optics systems at NRL. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Santiago, Freddie; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7225-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7015 AR 701542 DI 10.1117/12.789464 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BIP09 UT WOS:000261491700109 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Teare, S Romeo, R Martin, R Wick, D AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Teare, S. Romeo, Robert Martin, Robert Wick, D. BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Meter Class Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Telescope Program at the Naval Research Laboratory - art. no. 70183C SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE light weight telescope; telescope mechanics; interferometry AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been exploring the use of meter class telescopes using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) material for support structure and optics, resulting in over an order of magnitude reduction in weight over traditional steel and glass telescopes. In conjunction with Composite Mirror Applications (CMA), for the past three years this program has proceeded from conceptual phase to prototype development. In this paper we will review the various stages of this program. We will also present the status of our 0.4 meter and 1.4 meter telescopes. Experimental results from these developments and testing will be shown. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7216, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP C183 EP C183 DI 10.1117/12.789549 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200107 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Martinez, T Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Teare, S Romeo, R Martin, R Wick, D AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Teare, S. Romeo, Robert Martin, Robert Wick, D. BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Prototype 0.4 Meter Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Telescope: Specifications and Initial Testing - art. no. 70184D SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE lightweight telescope; carbon fiber; telescope optics; telescope characterization; instrumentation AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been exploring Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) material for telescope construction, including all support structures and optics, resulting in over an order of magnitude reduction in weight over traditional steel and glass telescopes. This has allowed the exploration of novel micro-positioning motors for telescope pointing. A typical inertial drive telescope pointing system relies on the large mass of the optics and telescope assembly. A prototype 0.4 meter telescope has been developed with a total mass less than 8 kilograms necessitating the investigation of non-traditional drive systems. This paper reports on many of the prototype 0.4 meter telescope specifications, including optics, structure and drive hardware. Initial testing is of the open-loop drive system is also reported. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP D184 EP D184 DI 10.1117/12.789517 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200138 ER PT S AU Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Carter, SG Economou, SE Gammon, D Whitaker, J AF Kennedy, T. A. Bracker, A. S. Carter, S. G. Economou, Sophia E. Gammon, D. Whitaker, J. BE Hasan, ZU Craig, AE Hemmer, PR TI Spin dynamics of InAs quantum dots with uniform height - art. no. 69030Q SO ADVANCED OPTICAL CONCEPTS IN QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory and Communication CY JAN 23-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dots; mode locking; spin lifetimes; g-factors AB Spin g-factors and lifetimes were studied with picosecond pump-probe techniques for a set of samples of InAs quantum dots of uniform height. The samples were grown by MBE with a cap and flush sequence to produce a height of 2.5 nm. Remote doping provided electrons in the dots. Electron coherence was excited by a fast pump pulse and detected through the Faraday rotation of a probe pulse. The results show an in plane g-factor of 0.427 and lifetimes around 1 ns that shorten for increasing magnetic fields. For an undoped sample, signals from singly charged and neutral dots are observed and simulated to provide the hole g-factor and parameters for the neutral exciton. The undoped sample also exhibits signals for negative delays attributed to mode-locking of the spin coherence to the optical pulse train. This observation indicates that the true spin coherence lasts at least 12 ns. C1 [Kennedy, T. A.; Bracker, A. S.; Carter, S. G.; Economou, Sophia E.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kennedy, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7078-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6903 BP Q9030 EP Q9030 DI 10.1117/12.772325 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHN88 UT WOS:000254649100013 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Santiago, F Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Payne, D AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Santiago, Freddie Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Teare, Scott W. Payne, Don BE Gonglewski, JD Carreras, RA Rhoadarmer, TA TI Atmospheric simulator for testing adaptive optics systems SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY AUG 14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been conducting research in novel portable adaptive optics systems for many years. These systems are tested exhaustively in a laboratory environment before being migrated to field experiments on astronomical telescopes. As part of the laboratory testing, an atmosphere simulator hardware testbed has been developed to provide a realization of atmospheric turbulence based on Kolmogorov statistics. In this testbed, a high-pixel count liquid crystal spatial light modulator induces the atmospheric turbulence through a series of computer calculated phase maps. User controls allow a wide range of telescope apertures and seeing conditions to be explored for testing the adaptive optics system. This paper explains and reports on the use of this dynamic and expandable system in characterizing the performance and optimization parameters of the adaptive optics systems at NRL. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Santiago, Freddie; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7313-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7093 DI 10.1117/12.795584 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIQ10 UT WOS:000261799300002 ER PT S AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Gubser, DU Datta, T AF Osofsky, M. S. Soulen, R. J., Jr. Gubser, D. U. Datta, T. BE Balachandran, UB TI Measurements of AC loss in second-generation HTS tapes in a DC magnetic field SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE AC loss; coated conductor; second-generation conductor ID TRANSPORT CURRENT LOSSES; POWER APPLICATIONS; CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; SUBSTRATE; WIRES AB The successful application of superconductivity to motors and other power system components depends on the characterization and subsequent minimization of the ac loss in the superconductor used for fabrication of the component. The superconductive component, excited by an ac power source, may be exposed to large dc magnetic fields and/or ac fields. To further complicate the situation, the transport properties of the tapes are strongly dependent on the angle between the applied field and the YBCO c-axis (normal to the tape surface). We report on measurements of the transport ac loss of a YBaCuO tape at 65K, at several frequencies, in applied dc fields of 1-3T with the field parallel and perpendicular to the tape normal. C1 [Osofsky, M. S.; Gubser, D. U.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Soulen, R. J., Jr.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD USA. [Datta, T.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 FU American Superconductor, Inc.; DARPA; Office of Naval Research FX Samples were provided by American Superconductor, Inc. We thank Robert Duckworth, Mike Sumption, Ron Holtz and John Claassen for many useful discussions. Support for this work was provided by DARPA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 502 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900064 ER PT S AU Fitzpatrick, BK Golda, EM Kephart, JT AF Fitzpatrick, B. K. Golda, E. M. Kephart, J. T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI High temperature superconducting degaussing - Cooling two HTS coils with one cryocooler for the Littoral Combat Ship SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE degaussing; HTS; cryocooler; superconducting AB The concept of creating a high temperature superconducting degaussing system has previously been studied by the Navy and shown to provide significant weight savings over conventional copper based degaussing systems. Modeling efforts have shown that in a HTS Degaussing System (HTSDG) for the Littoral Combat Ship, the dominant costs are cryocoolers. In an effort to minimize the number of cryocoolers, a two coil demonstrator cooled by one cryocooler has been constructed at NSWCCD Philadelphia. The demonstration consists of two 22 m long sections of flexible cryostat that are electrically isolated but connected in series through two junction boxes for serial gas flow. Within each cryostat section, 12 turns of HTS represent a vertical and horizontal degaussing coil. Use of Helium as the working fluid reduces safety impacts and allows higher current density in the HTS conductor due to lower temperature operation. Design, testing results, and lessons learned from the installation and operation of this cable are presented in this paper. C1 [Fitzpatrick, B. K.; Golda, E. M.; Kephart, J. T.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, BK (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700034 ER PT S AU Kephart, JT Fitzpatrick, BK Chen, J Lopez, J Millar, M Wong, L Zimmerman, M Kostic, J Rakus, C AF Kephart, J. T. Fitzpatrick, B. K. Chen, J. Lopez, J. Millar, M. Wong, L. Zimmerman, M. Kostic, J. Rakus, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Thermal fatigue test apparatus for large superconducting coils SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE superconducting coil; thermal cycle; motor; generator; thermal fatigue AB The United States Navy has a continued interest in the development of High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS) to provide power dense, efficient propulsion and electrical power generation. These machines have large HTS rotor coils that will undergo many thermal cycles during the life of the ship. Thermal fatigue tests for large coils are necessary to understand any degradation and life issues that could arise. The Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) has sponsored Rowan University to design and build a device that will assist in the thermal fatigue testing of a superconducting coil. It was designed to be autonomous with programmable cool down and warm-up rates and varying temperature from ambient temperature (300K) down to 77K. A typical test would include thermally cycling a coil a specified number of times, then performing a critical current test on the coil and repeating the test cycle as many times as desired. This paper introduces the thermal cycling test setup and presents preliminary calibration data. C1 [Kephart, J. T.; Fitzpatrick, B. K.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. [Rakus, C.] Rowan Univ, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Kephart, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 284 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700035 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Pan, MJ AF Bender, Barry A. Pan, Ming-Jen BE Randall, C Lin, HT Koumoto, K Clem, P TI THE EFFECT OF SINTERING CONDITIONS AND DOPANTS ON THE DIELECTRIC LOSS OF THE GIANT DIELECTRIC CONSTANT PEROVSKITE CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMICS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID LAYER CAPACITORS; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TITANATE; OXIDE AB The effect of dopants and oxygen in sintering on the dielectric loss of CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) (CCTO) has been explored. Sintering in oxygen affected the kinetics of abnormal grain growth which influenced the resultant microstructures and dielectric properties. Lower sensitivity of loss to temperature was measured for the oxygen-sintered materials. Doping with 0.2 w/o hafnia and 0.25 w/o titania also led to CCTO ceramics with lower loss temperature sensitivity. Doping with 0.3 w/o CaO led to larger grain growth and substantial increases in dielectric constant and loss. C1 [Bender, Barry A.; Pan, Ming-Jen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19639-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQO28 UT WOS:000281439000011 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U AF Sorathia, U. BE Horrocks, AR Price, D TI Flame retardant materials for maritime and naval applications SO ADVANCES IN FIRE RETARDANT MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE fibre reinforced plastics (FRP); flame retardancy; flame spread; smoke generation; fire resistance ID THERMAL-CHARACTERISTICS; COMBUSTIBLE CORNER; COMPOSITES; CRITERIA; FIRES AB Naval ships and maritime vessels employ both non-combustible and combustible materials and components. One recent trend is the use of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP). Materials technology, in some limited sense, is driving the next generation of light weight and fast moving naval and maritime vessels. The use of plastics and polymer composites in maritime and naval vessels also raises the issue of the inherent vulnerability of plastics to common fire threats found in maritime operations. This chapter will review potential fire threats, fire safety regulations, relevant fire test methods, and approaches to material flame retardancy and fire protection. This chapter also provides flammability data for several conventional and advanced polymer composite materials including flame spread, smoke generation, heat release rates, fire resistance, and structural integrity. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM usman.sorathia@navy.mil NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 262 9 PY 2008 BP 527 EP 572 DI 10.1533/9781845694701.3.527 D2 10.1533/9781845694701 PG 46 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BNW95 UT WOS:000275775500019 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Fan, C Gefken, PR AF Chu, P. C. Fan, C. Gefken, P. R. BE Rahman, M Brebbia, CA TI Semi-empirical formulas of drag/lift coefficients for high speed rigid body manoeuvring in water column SO ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS VII SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Advances in Fluid Mechanics CY MAY 21-23, 2008 CL Wessex Inst Technol, New Forest, ENGLAND SP Dalhouise Univ, WIT Transactions Engn Sci HO Wessex Inst Technol DE body-flow interaction; bomb manoeuvring; body trajectory and orientation; drag/lift coefficients; inverse modeling; bomb drop experiments ID FALLING CYLINDER; PREDICTION AB Falling of rigid body through water column with high speed is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Several experiments were conducted to shoot rigid bodies with the density ratio higher than 1 into the hydrographical tank. During the experiments, we carefully observe the position and orientation of the bomb-like rigid bodies. Using the experimental data a semi-empirical formulas for the drag/lift coefficients were obtained. With the given drag/lift coefficients, the momentum and moment of momentum equations of a fast-moving rigid body can be integrated numerically. The numerical results are well compared by the experimental data. C1 [Chu, P. C.; Fan, C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-109-2 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2008 VL 59 BP 163 EP 172 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHW20 UT WOS:000256987100016 ER PT S AU Furukawa, T Michopoulos, JG AF Furukawa, Tomonari Michopoulos, John G. BE Yang, W Geni, M Wang, TJ Zhuang, Z TI An Information-theoretic approach for computational material modeling SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND MATERIALS BEHAVIOR, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids CY AUG 27-29, 2007 CL Urumqi, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Tsinghua Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Xian Jiaotong Univ, NW Polytech Univ, Tokyo Univ Sci, Xinjiang Univ DE material modeling; information theory; Kalman Filter; recursive Bayesian estimation; composite materials ID COMPOSITES AB This paper presents an information-theoretic approach for computational material modeling, which characterizes materials by effectively utilizing all the known information including prior and empirical information. The approach is built within the framework of recursive Bayesian estimation where various inverse analysis techniques, such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Kalman Filter (KF) can be implemented. Numerical examples first investigate the validity of the proposed approach via parametric studies. The proposed approach has been then successfully applied to the identification of a composite specimen using a triaxial testing machine. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari] Univ New South Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Cooperat Res Ctr Adv Composite Struct, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Cooperat Res Ctr Adv Composite Struct, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM t.furukawa@unsw.edu.au; john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Office of Naval Research NICOP; National Science Foundation [0205663, 0540419]; Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures Limited (CRC-ACS); Naval Research Laboratory's core FX The work described in this paper is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research NICOP grants and by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0205663 and 0540419. Partial support from the Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures Limited (CRC-ACS) and from the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding are also greatly acknowledged. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-399-9 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 33-37 BP 857 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHV04 UT WOS:000256659600137 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, A Mastro, MA Caldwell, JD Holm, RT Henry, RL Eddy, CR Bussmann, K Kim, M AF Rosenberg, Armand Mastro, Michael A. Caldwell, Joshua D. Holm, Ronald T. Henry, Richard L. Eddy, Charles R. Bussmann, Konrad Kim, Mijin BE Li, T Redwing, JM Mastro, M Piner, EL Dadgar, A TI Integrated Optics Utilizing GaN-Based Layers on Silicon Substrates SO ADVANCES IN GAN, GAAS, SIC AND RELATED ALLOYS ON SILICON SUBSTRATES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in GaN, GaAs, SiC and Related Alloys on Silicon Substrates held at the 2008 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; GROWTH; SI(111); ALN; SI AB It is now apparent that future generations of fast electronics and compact sensors may need to rely increasingly on integrated optical components. But integration of electronics and photonics in today's IC's is challenging. Silicon, the ubiquitous electronic material, is neither ideally suited for most photonic functions nor readily integrated with most of the common photonic materials, such as GaAs. The approach we describe here relies on GaN-based films, which can be grown directly on silicon substrates and hence can be potentially integrated with state-of-the-art Si-based electronics. We have demonstrated the fabrication of GaN structures on silicon wafers ranging in overall size from sub-micron to several millimeters, all containing highly accurate individual features on the nm scale. As proof of concept, we have fabricated GaN optical waveguides and photonic crystals containing optical cavities by patterning GaN membranes grown directly on Si wafers. Our optical cavities were designed to have resonant modes within the spectral region of the broad defect-induced luminescence of GaN. We have measured sharp resonant features associated with these cavities by optically pumping above the GaN band edge, and have compared the data to numerical simulations of the spectra. Our results to date demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating high-quality GaN photonic structures directly on Si wafers, thereby providing a possible path to achieving true integration of electronics and photonics in future generations of IC's. C1 [Rosenberg, Armand; Mastro, Michael A.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Holm, Ronald T.; Henry, Richard L.; Eddy, Charles R.; Bussmann, Konrad; Kim, Mijin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-038-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIJ15 UT WOS:000259991900011 ER PT S AU Picard, YN Locke, C Frewin, CL Myers-Ward, RL Caldwell, JD Hobart, KD Twigg, ME Saddow, SE AF Picard, Yoosuf N. Locke, Christopher Frewin, Christopher L. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Caldwell, Joshua D. Hobart, Karl D. Twigg, Mark E. Saddow, Stephen E. BE Li, T Redwing, JM Mastro, M Piner, EL Dadgar, A TI Nondestructive defect measurement and surface analysis of 3C-SiC on Si (001) by electron channeling contrast imaging SO ADVANCES IN GAN, GAAS, SIC AND RELATED ALLOYS ON SILICON SUBSTRATES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in GaN, GaAs, SiC and Related Alloys on Silicon Substrates held at the 2008 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) technique was utilized to investigate atomic step morphologies and dislocation densities in 3C-SiC films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Si (001) substrates. ECCI in this study was performed inside a commercial scanning electron microscope using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system equipped with forescatter diode detectors. This approach allowed simultaneous imaging of atomic steps, verified by atomic force microscopy, and dislocations at the film surface. EBSD analysis verified the orientation and monocrystalline quality of the 3C-SiC films. Dislocation densities in 3C-SiC films were measured locally using ECCI, with qualitative verification by x-ray diffraction. Differences in the dislocation density across a 50 mm diameter 3C-SiC film could be attributed to subtle variations during the carbonization process across the substrate surface. C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Twigg, Mark E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-038-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIJ15 UT WOS:000259991900037 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Picard, YN Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Twigg, Mark E. Picard, Yoosuf N. Caldwell, Joshua D. Eddy, Charles R. Neudeck, Philip G. Trunek, Andrew J. Powell, J. Anthony BE Li, T Redwing, JM Mastro, M Piner, EL Dadgar, A TI Simulation of Forescattered Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging of Threading Dislocations Penetrating SiC Surfaces SO ADVANCES IN GAN, GAAS, SIC AND RELATED ALLOYS ON SILICON SUBSTRATES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in GaN, GaAs, SiC and Related Alloys on Silicon Substrates held at the 2008 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB The interpretation of ECCI images in the forescattered geometry presents a more complex diffraction configuration than that encountered in the backscattered geometry. Determining the Kikuchi line that is the primary source of image intensity often requires more than simple inspection of the electron-channeling pattern. This problem can be addressed, however, by comparing recorded ECCI images of threading screw dislocations in 4H-SiC with simulated images. An ECCI image of this dislocation is found to give the orientation of the dominant Kikuchi line, greatly simplifying the determination of the diffraction simulation. In addition, computed images of threading screw dislocations in 4H-SiC were found to exhibit channeling contrast essentially identical to that obtained experimentally by ECCI and allowing determination of the dislocation Burgers vector. C1 [Twigg, Mark E.; Picard, Yoosuf N.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Eddy, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-038-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIJ15 UT WOS:000259991900039 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, Verne L. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR Lowell, JR TI Density matrix descriptions for electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in moving atomic systems - art. no. 69040P SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE density matrix; non-linear electromagnetic response; coherence; electromagnetically induced transparency ID SLOW LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION; STATES AB Reduced density matrix descriptions are developed for linear and non-linear electromagnetic interactions of moving atomic systems, taking into account applied magnetic fields as well as atomic collisions together with other environmental decoherence and relaxation processes. Applications of interest include electromagnetically induced transparency and related pump-probe optical phenomena in warm atomic vapors. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified manner. The standard Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations are systematically introduced within the framework of the general non-perturbative and non-Markovian formulations. A preliminary semiclassical treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is adopted. However, the need for a fully quantum mechanical approach is emphasized. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are derived for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors occurring in a perturbation-theory treatment of the semiclassical electromagnetic interaction. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial atomic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator representing the environmental interactions in the Markov approximation. Collisional interactions between atoms can be treated in various approximations for the self-energy operator, and the influence of Zeeman coherences on the macroscopic electromagnetic response can be investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7079-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6904 BP P9040 EP P9040 DI 10.1117/12.772220 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHM35 UT WOS:000254265300012 ER PT J AU Megner, L Gumbel, J Rapp, M Siskind, DE AF Megner, L. Gumbel, J. Rapp, M. Siskind, D. E. TI Reduced meteoric smoke particle density at the summer pole - Implications for mesospheric ice particle nucleation SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NLC; PMSE; meteoric smoke; particles; mesosphere; condensation nuclei ID DESCRIBING AEROSOL FORMATION; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; PMSE; RADAR; SIZE; SENSITIVITY AB Noctilucent clouds (NLC) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) are phenomena that occur in the summertime polar regions due to the presence of ice particles around the mesopause. That ice particles are able to form in a region with such low water vapour concentration as the mesopause is noteworthy. Even though the summer mesopause is the coldest region on Earth, temperatures are generally not low enough for homogeneous nucleation to occur, which necessitates the presence of pre-existing condensation nuclei. The nature of these nuclei has long puzzled the scientific community and many candidates have been suggested, such as particles of meteoric origin, ion clusters, sodium bi-carbonate, sulfate aerosols and soot particles. Out of these the so-called "smoke particles", i.e. particles re-condensed from ablated meteoritic material, have long been considered the most likely. Generally, it has been believed that these particles exist in numbers of the order of thousands per cubic centimetre at the mesopause. This belief is based on 1-dimensional. studies of meteoric material. A recent 2-dimensional model study, which includes the atmospheric circulation from summer to winter pole however, suggests much lower number densities at the summer mesopause. We here investigate the implications of low number densities for the formation of ice particles. We find that even though resulting ice particle distribution may produce typical NLC brightness, the number density of ice particles is not consistent with what is expected for NLC and PMSE. In particular, it is much lower than the ice particle concentration (>1000 cm(-3)) typically expected to explain the "electron bite-outs" that are frequently observed in the vicinity of PMSE's. We therefore re-examine the assumptions and parameters that determine the smoke distribution. We show that even though the number of condensation nuclei at the polar summer mesopause can be increased within the uncertainties, the results in most scenarios remain insufficient. We show that charged particles, perhaps in combination with significant deviations from the mean mesospheric state, may be necessary for condensation of ice particles in the polar summer mesosphere. Hence, we raise the question whether the conventional ideas of nucleation on meteoric smoke, which are used in current mesospheric ice models, are correct. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Megner, L.; Gumbel, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rapp, M.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Siskind, D. E.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Megner, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda@misu.su.se RI Rapp, Markus/K-6081-2015 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OZ UT WOS:000253590400005 ER PT J AU Devarajan, S Go, DS Page, J Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Devarajan, Shantayanan Go, Delfin S. Page, John Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen BE Go, DS Page, J TI The Macroeconomic Dynamics of Scaling Up Foreign Aid SO AFRICA AT A TURNING POINT: GROWTH, AID AND EXTERNAL SHOCKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REAL EXCHANGE-RATE; SMALL OPEN-ECONOMY; DUTCH DISEASE; GROWTH; INDUSTRIALIZATION; COUNTRY; POLICY; DEBT C1 [Devarajan, Shantayanan] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Page, John; Robinson, Sherman] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Robinson, Sherman] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Thierfelder, Karen] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-7278-4 PY 2008 BP 235 EP 266 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-7277-7 PG 32 WC Area Studies; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Public Administration GA BBJ36 UT WOS:000307047600007 ER PT J AU Essama-Nssah, B Go, DS Kearney, M Korman, V Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Essama-Nssah, B. Go, Delfin S. Kearney, Marna Korman, Vijdan Robinson, Sherman Thierfelder, Karen BE Go, DS Page, J TI Economywide and Distributional Impact of an Oil Price Shock on the South African Economy SO AFRICA AT A TURNING POINT: GROWTH, AID AND EXTERNAL SHOCKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POVERTY C1 [Essama-Nssah, B.] World Bank, Poverty Reduct Grp, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Cornell Univ, Food & Nutr Policy Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Univ Yaounde Cameroon, Dept Econ, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Univ Yaounde Cameroon, Fac Law & Econ, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Korman, Vijdan] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Robinson, Sherman] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Thierfelder, Karen] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Essama-Nssah, B (reprint author), World Bank, Poverty Reduct Grp, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-7278-4 PY 2008 BP 485 EP 530 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-7277-7 PG 46 WC Area Studies; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Public Administration GA BBJ36 UT WOS:000307047600014 ER PT S AU Wilson, ML von Berg, DL Kruer, M Holt, N Anderson, SA Long, DG Margulis, Y AF Wilson, Michael L. von Berg, Dale Linne Kruer, Melvin Holt, Niel Anderson, Scott A. Long, David G. Margulis, Yuly BE Henry, DJ TI DUSTER: Demonstration of an integrated LWIR-VNIR-SAR imaging system SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY MAR 17, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE DUSTER; LWIR; VNIR; SAR; UAV AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) are executing a joint effort, DUSTER (Deployable Unmanned System for Targeting, Exploitation, and Reconnaissance), to develop and test a new tactical sensor system specifically designed for Tier II UAVs. The system is composed of two coupled near-real-time sensors: EyePod (VNIR/LWIR ball gimbal) and NuSAR (L-band synthetic aperture radar). EyePod consists of a jitter-stabilized LWIR sensor coupled with a dual focal-length optical system and a bore-sighted high-resolution VNIR sensor. The dual focal-length design coupled with precision pointing an step-stare capabilities enable EyePod to conduct wide-area survey and high resolution inspection missions from a single flight pass. NuSAR is being developed with partners Brigham Young University (BYU) and Artemis, Inc and consists of a wideband L-band SAR capable of large area survey and embedded real-time image formation. Both sensors employ standard Ethernet interfaces and provide geo-registered NITFS output imagery. In the fall of 2007, field tests were conducted with both sensors, results of which will be presented. C1 [Wilson, Michael L.; von Berg, Dale Linne; Kruer, Melvin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Long, David/K-4908-2015 OI Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7137-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6946 AR 694607 DI 10.1117/12.777984 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHX11 UT WOS:000257140100004 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J Ientilucci, EJ Messinger, DW AF Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey Ientilucci, Emmett J. Messinger, David W. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A generalized linear mixing model for hyperspectral imagery - art. no. 69661B SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; linear mixing; endmembers; physics-based modeling AB We continue previous work that generalizes the traditional linear mixing model from a combination of endmember vectors to a combination of multi-dimensional affine endmember subspaces. This generalization allows the model to handle the natural variation that is present is real-world hyperspectral imagery. Once the endmember subspaces have been defined, the scene may be demixed as usual, allowing for existing post-processing algorithms (classification, etc.) to proceed as-is. In addition, the endmember subspace model naturally incorporates the use of physics-based modeling approaches ('target spaces') in order to identify sub-pixel targets. In this paper, we present a modification to our previous model that uses affine subspaces (as opposed to true linear subspaces) and a new demixing algorithm. We also include experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data, and include a discussion on bow well the model fits the real-world data sets. C1 [Gillis, David; Bowles, Jeffrey] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7157-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6966 BP B9661 EP B9661 DI 10.1117/12.782113 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ01 UT WOS:000257540900034 ER PT J AU Biggins, PDE Kusterbeck, A Hiltz, JA AF Biggins, Peter D. E. Kusterbeck, Anne Hiltz, John A. TI Bio-inspired approaches to sensing for defence and security applications SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID WARFARE AGENTS; BIOSENSOR; PATHOGENS AB Interdisciplinary research in biotechnology and related scientific areas has increased tremendously over the past decade. This rapid pace, in conjunction with advances in microfabricated systems, computer hardware, bioengineering and the availability of low-powered miniature components, has now made it feasible to design bio-inspired materials, sensors and systems with tremendous potential for defence and security applications. To realize the full potential of biotechnology and bio-inspiration, there is a need to define specific requirements to meet the challenges of the changing world and its threats. One approach to assisting the defence and security communities in defining their requirements is through the use of a conceptual model. The distributed or intelligent autonomous sensing (DIAS) system is one such model. The DIAS model is not necessarily aimed at a single component, for instance a sensor, but can include a system, or even a system of systems in the same way that a single organism, a multi-cellular organism or group of organisms is configured. This paper provides an overview of the challenges to and opportunities for bio-inspired sensors and systems together with examples of how they are being implemented. Examples focus on both learning new things from biological organisms that have application to the defence and security forces and adapting known discoveries in biology and biochemistry for practical use by these communities. C1 [Biggins, Peter D. E.] Dstl, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. [Kusterbeck, Anne] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hiltz, John A.] Def R & D Canada Atlantic, Emerging Mat Grp, Stn Forces, Halifax, NS B3K 5X5, Canada. RP Biggins, PDE (reprint author), Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011; Hiltz, John/B-2672-2013 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604; NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 5 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1039/b717935a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 291LZ UT WOS:000255200200003 PM 18427675 ER PT J AU Hu, JE Erickson, JS Taitt, CR Lin, B Ligler, AG Blaney, KM Malanoski, AP Ligler, FS AF Hu, J. E. Erickson, J. S. Taitt, C. R. Lin, B. Ligler, A. G. Blaney, K. M. Malanoski, A. P. Ligler, F. S. TI A parametric study of sample lysis and DNA purification techniques for use in automated devices SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE automatable; DNA purification; lysis; sample preparation; solid phase extraction ID NUCLEIC-ACID PURIFICATION; REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-LYSIS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTION; MICROORGANISMS; MANIPULATION; MICROARRAYS AB We present a parametric study on the efficiency of several automatable procedures for the extraction and purification of DNA from a variety of pathogens. Based on the results of this work, an optimized protocol has been developed for use with both spiked buffers and nasal wash. All steps of this protocol are suitable for incorporation into a field-portable, automated sample preparation device. From introduction of the sample to elution of DNA, the entire process was completed in less than 60min, and the time could be reduced further by automation. The recovered DNA is of sufficient quality for real-time or multiplex PCR amplification. The protocol was demonstrated on nasal wash samples spiked with E. coli containing the J7R and crmB genes. Subsequent testing on resequencing microarrays correctly identified the samples as Variola major virus. C1 [Erickson, J. S.; Taitt, C. R.; Lin, B.; Malanoski, A. P.; Ligler, F. S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hu, J. E.; Ligler, A. G.; Blaney, K. M.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1719 DI 10.1080/00032710802162186 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332JO UT WOS:000258079500001 ER PT J AU Trammell, S Velez, F Charles, P Kusterbeck, A AF Trammell, Scott A. Velez, Freddie Charles, Paul T. Kusterbeck, Anne TI Electrochemical Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using Interdigitated Array Electrodes SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Amplification; electrochemical detection; IDA electrodes; redox cycling; TNT ID AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS; CARBON ELECTRODE; REDUCTION; SENSORS; TNT; MICROELECTRODES; NITROBENZENE AB We describe the use of interdigitated array gold electrodes (IDAs) for the electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Our protocol generates a reversible redox couple (hydroxylamine/nitroso) from the initial reduction of TNT, which can be amplified using redox cycling at IDA electrodes. The IDA electrodes give a limit of detection for TNT at 6ng/mL with a linear response (r2=0.998) between 10 and 10,000ng/mL for static conditions and between 5 and 200ng/mL for flow conditions (r2=0.999). C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Velez, Freddie; Charles, Paul T.; Kusterbeck, Anne] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trammell, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil FU NSF Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Minority Institutions and Tribal Colleges and Universities (HBCU/MI/TCU); Office of Naval Research FX F.V. was supported by an NSF Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Minority Institutions and Tribal Colleges and Universities (HBCU/MI/TCU) internship program. This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 14 BP 2634 EP 2645 AR PII 905129128 DI 10.1080/00032710802363404 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 369EK UT WOS:000260676900009 ER PT J AU Bailey, PD AF Bailey, Philip D., Jr. TI USNS comfort: Caring for the sick at sea SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Bailey, PD (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 243VB UT WOS:000251824300075 PM 18165613 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Naud, DL Parrish, D AF Chavez, David E. Hiskey, Michael A. Naud, Darren L. Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of an Energetic Nitrate Ester SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE C-C coupling; energetic materials; esters; Kaplan-Shechter reaction ID SALTS; REACTIVITY C1 [Chavez, David E.; Hiskey, Michael A.; Naud, Darren L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; DOE/DoD Munitions Technology Development Program; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported at the Los Alamos National Laboratory by the joint DOE/DoD Munitions Technology Development Program and at the Naval Research Laboratory by the office of Naval Research, Mechanics Division. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 43 BP 8307 EP 8309 DI 10.1002/anie.200803648 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 362ZB UT WOS:000260234600033 PM 18816542 ER PT J AU Hysell, DL Rodrigues, FS Chau, JL Huba, JD AF Hysell, D. L. Rodrigues, F. S. Chau, J. L. Huba, J. D. TI Full profile incoherent scatter analysis at Jicamarca SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ion chemistry and composition; plasma temperature and density ID ELECTRON COULOMB COLLISIONS; RADIO-WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONIZED GAS; DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM; F-REGION; SOLAR MINIMUM; PLASMA; IONOSPHERE AB Incoherent scatter data from a hybrid long-pulse/double-pulse experiment at Jicamarca are analyzed using a full-profile analysis similar to the one implemented by Holt et al. (1992). In this case, plasma density, electron and ion temperatures, and light ion composition profiles in the topside are estimated simultaneously. Full-profile analysis is crucial at Jicamarca, since the long correlation time of the incoherent scatter signal at 50 MHz invalidates conventional gated analysis. Results for a 24 h interval in April of 2006 are presented, covering altitudes through 1600 km with 10 min time resolution, and compared with results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2. The analysis provides the first comprehensive assessment of ionospheric conditions over Jicamarca at sunrise as well as the first 24-h record of helium ion layers. Possible refinements to the experiment and the algorithm are discussed. C1 [Hysell, D. L.; Rodrigues, F. S.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chau, J. L.] Inst Geofis, Radio Observ Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. [Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hysell, DL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dlh37@cornell.edu RI Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013 OI Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 75 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269TE UT WOS:000253672400006 ER PT J AU Lastovicka, J Akmaev, RA Beig, G Bremer, J Emmert, JT Jacobi, C Jarvis, MJ Nedoluha, G Portnyagin, YI Ulich, T AF Lastovicka, J. Akmaev, R. A. Beig, G. Bremer, J. Emmert, J. T. Jacobi, C. Jarvis, M. J. Nedoluha, G. Portnyagin, Yu. I. Ulich, T. TI Emerging pattern of global change in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Long Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere CY SEP 04-07, 2006 CL Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, FINLAND SP IAGA, ICMA, CAWSES HO Sodankyla Geophys Observ DE atmospheric composition and structure; thermosphere; composition and chemistry; evolution of the atmosphere; ionosphere; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; MESOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SOLAR-CYCLE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; WIND MEASUREMENTS; MESOPAUSE REGION; WAVE ACTIVITY AB In the upper atmosphere, greenhouse gases produce a cooling effect, instead of a warming effect. Increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to induce substantial changes in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere, including a thermal contraction of these layers. In this article we construct for the first time a pattern of the observed long-term global change in the upper atmosphere, based on trend studies of various parameters. The picture we obtain is qualitative, and contains several gaps and a few discrepancies, but the overall pattern of observed long-term changes throughout the upper atmosphere is consistent with model predictions of the effect of greenhouse gas increases. Together with the large body of lower atmospheric trend research, our synthesis indicates that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are affecting the atmosphere at nearly all altitudes between ground and space. C1 [Lastovicka, J.] Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. [Akmaev, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beig, G.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Bremer, J.] Leibnitz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Emmert, J. T.; Nedoluha, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jacobi, C.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Jarvis, M. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Portnyagin, Yu. I.] Inst Expt Meteorol, Obninsk 249038, Russia. [Ulich, T.] Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla 99600, Finland. RP Lastovicka, J (reprint author), Inst Atmospher Phys, Bocni 2, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. EM jla@ufa.cas.cz RI Lastovicka, Jan/H-6804-2014; OI Lastovicka, Jan/0000-0002-1454-3183; Beig, Gufran/0000-0002-5564-7210 NR 85 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1268 DI 10.5194/angeo-26-1255-2008 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306CC UT WOS:000256224500024 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Fedder, JA AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Fedder, J. A. TI Simulation of field-aligned H+ and He+ dynamics during late-stage plasmasphere refilling SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; modeling and forecasting; magnetospheric physics; plasmasphere ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; SEMIKINETIC MODEL; FLUX TUBES; DENSITY; FLOW; MAGNETOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; PLASMAPAUSE; CONVECTION AB The refilling of the plasmasphere for 3 <= L <= 4 following a model storm is simulated over long times (days) using the NRL ionosphere code SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere). Refilling is dependent on the supply of topside H+ and He+ ions with the result that H+ refilling rates decrease and He+ refilling rates generally increase with increasing F10.7 index. Both early- and late-stage refilling are affected by net ion flows from the warmer to the colder geomagnetic hemisphere. When these flows are strong, the ability of the 'winter helium bulge' to increase He+ refilling rates is suppressed. When neutral winds are not included, refilling rates fall, typically by a factor of two. In most cases, late-stage He+ refilling is proportional to H+ refilling, with typical He+/H+ density ratios of 2% for solar minimum and 10% for solar maximum. For high values of F10.7, He+ refilling exhibits a strong diurnal variation so that the He+/H+ density ratio varies by as much as a factor of two during late-stage refilling. Finally if the plasmasphere is left undisturbed, the H+ density can refill for as long as five weeks at L=3 and ten weeks at L=4, with saturation densities nearly an order of magnitude greater than typical observed densities. This confirms that the plasmasphere at these L values rarely obtains saturation. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fedder, J. A.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1516 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311IN UT WOS:000256594000017 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Akiyama, S Makela, P Xie, H Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N. Yashiro, S. Akiyama, S. Makela, P. Xie, H. Kaiser, M. L. Howard, R. A. Bougeret, J. L. TI Coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and solar energetic particle events in the SOHO era SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th SOHO Workshop 2007 CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Univ Ghent, Organizing Inst, Royal Observ Belgium DE Interplanetary physics; Interplanetary shocks; Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Energetic particles; Flares and mass ejections; Radio emissions ID SHOCK-WAVES; NEAR-SUN; HOLES; SPACECRAFT AB Using the extensive and uniform data on coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and type II radio bursts during the SOHO era, we discuss how the CME properties such as speed, width and solar-source longitude decide whether CMEs are associated with type II radio bursts and SEP events. We discuss why some radio-quiet CMEs are associated with small SEP events while some radio-loud CMEs are not associated with SEP events. We conclude that either some fast and wide CMEs do not drive shocks or they drive weak shocks that do not produce significant levels of particle acceleration. We also infer that the Alfven speed in the corona and near-Sun interplanetary medium ranges from <200 km/s to >= 1600 km/s. Radio-quiet fast and wide CMEs are also poor SEP producers and the association rate of type II bursts and SEP events steadily increases with CME speed and width (i.e. energy). If we consider western hemispheric CMEs, the SEP association rate increases linearly from similar to 30% for 800 km/s CMEs to 100% for >= 1800 km/s. Essentially all type II bursts in the decametre-hectometric (DH) wavelength range are associated with SEP events once the source location on the Sun is taken into account. This is a significant result for space weather applications, because if a CME originating from the western hemisphere is accompanied by a DH type II burst, there is a high probability that it will produce an SEP event. C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Yashiro, S.; Akiyama, S.; Makela, P.; Xie, H.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bougeret, J. L.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Gopalswamy, Nat/0000-0001-5894-9954 NR 31 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 10 BP 3033 EP 3047 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 360LQ UT WOS:000260059400012 ER PT S AU Canright, D Batina, L AF Canright, D. Batina, Lejla BE Bellovin, SM Keromytis, A Gennaro, R Yung, M TI A very compact "Perfectly Masked" S-box for AES SO APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security CY JUN 03-06, 2008 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ DE AES; S-box; masking; DPA; composite Galois field ID HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS AB Implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), including hardware applications with limited resources (e.g., smart cards), may be vulnerable to "side-channel attacks" such as differential power analysis. One countermeasure against such attacks is adding a random mask to the data; this randomizes the statistics of the calculation at the cost of computing "mask corrections." The single nonlinear step in each AES round is the "S-box" (involving a Galois inversion), which incurs the majority of the cost for mask corrections. Oswald et al. [1] showed how the "tower field" representation allows maintaining an additive mask throughout the Galois inverse calculation. This work applies a similar masking strategy to the most compact (unmasked) S-box to date[2]. The result is the most compact masked S-box so far, with "perfect masking" (by the definition of Blomer[3]) giving suitable implementations immunity to first-order differential side-channel attacks. C1 [Canright, D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Batina, Lejla] KU Leuven ESAT COSIC, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Canright, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dcanright@nps.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-68913-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5037 BP 446 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHU91 UT WOS:000256580400027 ER PT B AU Orwat, ME Levin, TE Irvine, CE AF Orwat, Mark E. Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. BE Jakoubi, S Tjoa, S Weippl, ER TI An ontological approach to secure MANET management SO ARES 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SECURE Business Austria, DEXA, Univ Politech Catalunya, Austrian Comp Soc, European & Info Secur Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc AB Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) rely on dynamic configuration decisions to efficiently operate in a rapidly changing environment of limited resources. The ability of a MANET to make decisions that accurately reflect the real environment depends on the quality of the input to those decisions. However, collecting and processing of the multitudinous factors related to the operation of a MANET is a significant challenge. Equally significant in current approaches to dynamic MANET management is the lack of consideration given to security factors. We show how our ontology of MANET attributes including device security and performance characteristics can be leveraged to efficiently and effectively make dynamic configuration decisions for managing a MANET. C1 [Orwat, Mark E.; Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Orwat, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM morwat@nps.edu; televin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3102-1 PY 2008 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.1109/ARES.2008.183 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV12 UT WOS:000256665200113 ER PT S AU Trainor, SC AF Trainor, Stephen C. BE Caforio, G Kummel, G Purkayastha, B TI ATTITUDES AND OPPORTUNITIES: SELF-SELECTION AND ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION EFFECTS IN YOUTH PERCEPTIONS OF THE MILITARY SO ARMED FORCES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES SE Contributions to Conflict Management Peace Economics and Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-POINT CADETS; HIGH-SCHOOL SENIORS; ADULT SOCIALIZATION; PERSONALITY; VALUES; ORGANIZATION; PROPENSITY; ENLISTMENT; EDUCATION; SERVICE AB In this research paper, the attitudes of youth, in transition from high school to college and the adult world of work, are compared by their plans for college and military service in order to better understand the impact of self-selection and anticipatory socialization on perceptions of opportunity and equality in military work. Data are drawn from a national survey of US high school seniors and from a sample of students entering their freshman year at the US Naval Academy. The results highlight the effects of both self-selection and anticipatory socialization on the attitudes youth express about the military work and have potential implications for military recruiting and personnel policy. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Trainor, SC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1572-8323 BN 978-1-8485-5122-0 J9 CONTRIB CONFL MANAG PY 2008 VL 7 BP 211 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S1572-8323(08)07012-4 PG 27 WC International Relations; Sociology SC International Relations; Sociology GA BLU62 UT WOS:000271096300014 ER PT S AU Gaglione, A Lipschutz, S Spellman, D AF Gaglione, A. Lipschutz, S. Spellman, D. BE Fine, B Rosenberger, G Spellman, D TI GROUPS UNIVERSALLY EQUIVALENT TO FREE BURNSIDE GROUPS OF PRIME EXPONENT AND A QUESTION OF PHILIP HALL SO ASPECTS OF INFINITE GROUPS SE Algebra and Discrete Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aspects of Infinite Groups CY MAR, 2007 CL Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT HO Fairfield Univ ID RESIDUALLY FREE GROUPS; VARIETIES AB :This paper proposes the Tarski Problem for free groups in a Burnside variety, B(n), where n is a sufficiently large odd integer so that Adian's results hold. We note that just as in the case of absolutely free groups it is easy to show that the nonabelian free groups in B(n) for n as above are all universlly equivalent. C1 [Gaglione, A.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gaglione, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-5873 BN 978-981-279-340-9 J9 ALG DIS MTHM PY 2008 VL 1 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1142/9789812793416_0009 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BJE60 UT WOS:000265209200009 ER PT S AU Joyner, D AF Joyner, David BE Fine, B Rosenberger, G Spellman, D TI A primer on computational group homology and cohomology using GAP and SAGE SO ASPECTS OF INFINITE GROUPS SE Algebra and Discrete Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aspects of Infinite Groups CY MAR, 2007 CL Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT HO Fairfield Univ C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdj@usna.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-5873 BN 978-981-279-340-9 J9 ALG DIS MTHM PY 2008 VL 1 BP 159 EP 191 DI 10.1142/9789812793416_0012 PG 33 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BJE60 UT WOS:000265209200011 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Picone, JM Emmert, J DeYoung, J Healy, L Wasiczko, L Davis, M Cox, C AF Nicholas, A. C. Picone, J. M. Emmert, J. DeYoung, J. Healy, L. Wasiczko, L. Davis, M. Cox, C. BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI Preliminary results from the atmospheric neutral density experiment risk reduction mission SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID MODEL; MIDDLE AB The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) Risk Reduction flight was launched on Dec 9, 2006 and deployed into orbit by the Space Shuttle Discovery on December 21, 2006. The primary mission objective is to test the deployment mechanism from the Shuttle for the ANDE flight in mid 2009. Scientific objectives of the ANDE risk reduction flight include: monitor total neutral density along the orbit for improved orbit determination of resident space objects, monitor the spin rate and orientation of the spacecraft, and provide a test object for polarimetry studies. Each of the two ANDE missions consists of two spherical spacecraft fitted with retro-reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). The ANDE risk reduction mission spacecraft each contain a small lightweight payload designed to determine the spin rate and orientation of the spacecraft from on-orbit measurements and from ground based observations. The follow-on ANDE mission scheduled for launch in 2009 will consist of two spherical spacecraft also fitted with retro-reflectors for SLR. One of these spacecraft will also carry instrumentation to measure the in-situ atmospheric density, composition and winds. Atmospheric densities derived from observations of the ANDERR spacecraft will be presented and compared to atmospheric models and other data sources. A methodology to improve prediction accuracy by augmenting predictions produced with radar observations with combination radar and satellite laser ranging observations will be presented. This paper presents a mission overview and emphasis will be placed on the scientific results from the risk reduction mission and a brief overview of the follow-on mission. C1 [Nicholas, A. C.; Picone, J. M.; Emmert, J.; DeYoung, J.; Healy, L.; Wasiczko, L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 243 EP 254 PN I - III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272900013 ER PT S AU Binning, PW Middour, JW AF Binning, Patrick W. Middour, Jay W. BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI A brief history of NRL's early firsts in spaceflight SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB The Naval Research Laboratory has been a pioneer in our nation's exploration of spaceflight starting from being competitively selected in 1955 to launch America's first artificial satellite, to the current participation in America's policy for Operationally Responsive Space (ORS). It is true that NRL did not achieve orbit first for America, however, NRL continues to lay claim to having built and launched human-kind's oldest orbiting object; Vanguard I. A brief history will be explored of NRL's many legacies to spaceflight; the Vanguard Program, NRL's contribution to the formation of NASA and the Goddard Space Flight Center, America's first reconnaissance satellite, GRAB [declassified in June, 1998], as well as defining moments in the NRL inventions of the Naval Space Surveillance System and the Global Positioning System. C1 USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, SSDD,Mission Management Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binning, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, SSDD,Mission Management Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 1233 EP 1249 PN I - III PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272901014 ER PT S AU Sekhava, P Ross, IM AF Sekhava, Pooya Ross, I. Michael BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI On closed-loop spacecraft attitude maneuvers SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper compares a commonly-used state feedback control law to the recently-proposed Caratheodory-pi scheme for the attitude maneuvering of agile spacecraft. It is shown that the use of traditional control algorithms may lead to false infeasibilities of certain performance metrics such as the ability of a spacecraft to perform a horizon-to-horizon look. This analysis is based on an implementation of an optimal feedback control law which results in substantial performance gains for the same spacecraft. Because the Caratheodory-pi feedback technique is based on exploiting the full maneuverability envelope of the spacecraft, it indicates that traditional gain-based feedback control laws substantially limit the performance of the vehicle to well within its physical capabilities. Consequently, these performance gains may be exploited for actuator size reduction as well. Furthermore, we show that the Caratheodory-pi optimal controller is capable of exploiting the benefits of potentially favorable exogenous disturbances rather than rejecting them as is commonly done with traditional feedback controllers. C1 [Sekhava, Pooya; Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sekhava, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astro, Code ME-Sk, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM psekhava@nps.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 1613 EP 1621 PN I - III PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272901034 ER PT S AU Kang, W Ross, IM Pham, K Gong, Q AF Kang, W. Ross, I. M. Pham, K. Gong, Q. BE Proulx, RJ Starchville, TF Burnes, RD Scheeres, DJ TI Observability of multi-satellite systems SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2007, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB The focus of this paper is on the observability and estimation algorithms for multi-satellite systems. The goal is to estimate the orbits, positions, and velocities of space objects, either cooperative or noncooperative, using only relative measurement. For any two satellites flying on orbits with different radius, it is proved that the absolute positions and velocities of both satellites are observable under the measurement of their relative positions. For systems of cooperative satellites, the algebraic relationship between the observability and the topology of an inter-satellite communication network is derived. Methods of numerical verification of this relationship are also derived. This research is aimed at the development of onboard autonomous estimation capabilities that do not require the support of ground control centers and GPS system signals. C1 [Kang, W.; Ross, I. M.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-543-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 129 BP 2379 EP 2394 PN I - III PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BHX67 UT WOS:000257272902025 ER PT B AU Kuniyoshi, M Bhatnagar, S Taylor, G Polisensky, E Paravastu, N AF Kuniyoshi, M. Bhatnagar, S. Taylor, G. Polisensky, E. Paravastu, N. CA LWA Project Collaboration BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI A simulator for the Long Wavelength Array SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The Long Wavelength Array (LWA) will be a radio telescope operating in the frequency range 20-80MHz with a high spatial resolution (arcsecond) and mJy sensitivity, where the detailed observation has never been done before. The LWA will consist of about 50 stations of 256 dipoles each. We are working on developing the LWA simulator. LWA simulations with the dominant error terms (ionosphere effect, LWA station primary beam, etc.) axe crucial in further research on imaging and calibration algorithms for LWA. First, simulations were carried out to study the effects of LWA primary beam variations as a function of elevation. Here, we describe the simulation results in detail. C1 [Kuniyoshi, M.; Taylor, G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, MSC07 4220,800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bhatnagar, S.; Taylor, G.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Polisensky, E.; Paravastu, N.; LWA Project Collaboration] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuniyoshi, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, MSC07 4220,800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 681 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100150 ER PT J AU Frieman, JA Bassett, B Becker, A Choi, C Cinabro, D DeJongh, F Depoy, DL Dilday, B Doi, M Garnavich, PM Hogan, CJ Holtzman, J Im, M Jha, S Kessler, R Konishi, K Lampeitl, H Marriner, J Marshall, JL McGinnis, D Miknaitis, G Nichol, RC Prieto, JL Riess, AG Richmond, MW Romani, R Sako, M Schneider, DP Smith, M Takanashi, N Tokita, K van der Heyden, K Yasuda, N Zheng, C Adelman-McCarthy, J Annis, J Assef, RJ Barentine, J Bender, R Blandford, RD Boroski, WN Bremer, M Brewington, H Collins, CA Crotts, A Dembicky, J Eastman, J Edge, A Edmondson, E Elson, E Eyler, ME Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Frank, S Goobar, A Gueth, T Gunn, JE Harvanek, M Hopp, U Ihara, Y Ivezic, Z Kahn, S Kaplan, J Kent, S Ketzeback, W Kleman, SJ Kollatschny, W Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamenti, D Leloudas, G Lin, H Long, DC Lucey, J Lupton, RH Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V McMillan, RJ Mendez, J Morgan, CW Morokuma, T Nitta, A Ostman, L Pan, K Rockosi, CM Romer, AK Ruiz-Lapuente, P Saurage, G Schlesinger, K Snedden, SA Sollerman, J Stoughton, C Stritzinger, M SubbaRao, M Tucker, D Vaisanen, P Watson, LC Watters, S Wheeler, JC Yanny, B York, D AF Frieman, Joshua A. Bassett, Bruce Becker, Andrew Choi, Changsu Cinabro, David DeJongh, Fritz Depoy, Darren L. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Garnavich, Peter M. Hogan, Craig J. Holtzman, Jon Im, Myungshin Jha, Saurabh Kessler, Richard Konishi, Kohki Lampeitl, Hubert Marriner, John Marshall, Jennifer L. McGinnis, David Miknaitis, Gajus Nichol, Robert C. Prieto, Jose Luis Riess, Adam G. Richmond, Michael W. Romani, Roger Sako, Masao Schneider, Donald P. Smith, Mathew Takanashi, Naohiro Tokita, Koutchi van der Heyden, Kurt Yasuda, Naoki Zheng, Chen Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer Annis, James Assef, Roberto J. Barentine, John Bender, Ralf Blandford, Roger D. Boroski, William N. Bremer, Malcolm Brewington, Howard Collins, Chris A. Crotts, Arlin Dembicky, Jack Eastman, Jason Edge, Alastair Edmondson, Edmond Elson, Edward Eyler, Michael E. Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Frank, Stephan Goobar, Ariel Gueth, Tina Gunn, James E. Harvanek, Michael Hopp, Ulrich Ihara, Yutaka Ivezic, Zelko Kahn, Steven Kaplan, Jared Kent, Stephen Ketzeback, William Kleman, Scott J. Kollatschny, Wolfram Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Lamenti, Dennis Leloudas, Giorgos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Lucey, John Lupton, Robert H. Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor McMillan, Russet J. Mendez, Javier Morgan, Christopher W. Morokuma, Tomoki Nitta, Atsuko Ostman, Linda Pan, Kaike Rockosi, Constance M. Romer, A. Kathy Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar Saurage, Gabrelle Schlesinger, Katie Snedden, Stephanie A. Sollerman, Jesper Stoughton, Chris Stritzinger, Maximilian SubbaRao, Mark Tucker, Douglas Vaisanen, Petri Watson, Linda C. Watters, Shannon Wheeler, J. Craig Yanny, Brian York, Donald TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical summary SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; surveys ID SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IA SUPERNOVAE; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY; REDSHIFT; SYSTEM; DISCOVERIES; CONSTRAINTS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) has embarked on a multi-year project to identify and measure light curves for intermediate-redshift (0.05 < z < 0.35) Type la supernovae (SNe Ia) using repeated five-band (ugriz) imaging over an area of 300 sq. deg. The survey region is a stripe 2.5 degrees wide centered on the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap that has been imaged numerous times in earlier years, enabling construction of a deep reference image for the discovery of new objects. Supernova imaging observations are being acquired between September I and November 30 of 2005-7. During the first two seasons, each region was imaged on average every five nights. Spectroscopic follow-up observations to determine supernova type and redshift are carried out on a large number of telescopes. In its first two three-month seasons, the survey has discovered and measured light curves for 327 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia, 30 probable SNe Ia, 14 confirmed SNe Ib/c, 32 confirmed SNe 11, plus a large number of photometrically identified SNe la, 94 of which have host-galaxy spectra taken so far. This paper provides an overview of the project and briefly describes the observations completed during the first two seasons of operation. C1 [Frieman, Joshua A.; DeJongh, Fritz; Marriner, John; McGinnis, David; Miknaitis, Gajus; Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer; Annis, James; Boroski, William N.; Kent, Stephen; Lin, Huan; Stoughton, Chris; Tucker, Douglas; Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Dilday, Ben; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Kent, Stephen; Kron, Richard G.; SubbaRao, Mark; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bassett, Bruce] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce; van der Heyden, Kurt; Elson, Edward; Vaisanen, Petri] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Becker, Andrew; Hogan, Craig J.; Ivezic, Zelko] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Choi, Changsu; Im, Myungshin] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Depoy, Darren L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.; Prieto, Jose Luis; Assef, Roberto J.; Eastman, Jason; Frank, Stephan; Morgan, Christopher W.; Schlesinger, Katie; Watson, Linda C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dilday, Ben] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru; Takanashi, Naohiro; Tokita, Koutchi; Ihara, Yutaka; Morokuma, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Holtzman, Jon; Gueth, Tina] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Jha, Saurabh; Romani, Roger; Zheng, Chen; Blandford, Roger D.; Kahn, Steven] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophy & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kessler, Richard; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Konishi, Kohki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Lampeitl, Hubert; Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.; Smith, Mathew; Edmondson, Edmond] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barentine, John; Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Dembicky, Jack; Eyler, Michael E.; Ketzeback, William; Kleman, Scott J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; McMillan, Russet J.; Nitta, Atsuko; Pan, Kaike; Saurage, Gabrelle; Snedden, Stephanie A.; Watters, Shannon] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Bremer, Malcolm] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Collins, Chris A.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Crotts, Arlin] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Edge, Alastair; Lucey, John] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Eyler, Michael E.; Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Filippenko, Alexei V.; Foley, Ryan J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goobar, Ariel; Ostman, Linda] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gunn, James E.; Lupton, Robert H.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Harvanek, Michael] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kaplan, Jared] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kleman, Scott J.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kollatschny, Wolfram] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Akad Pedagogicazna Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Lamenti, Dennis] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Leloudas, Giorgos; Sollerman, Jesper; Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mendez, Javier; Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Morokuma, Tomoki] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Romer, A. Kathy] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. [Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Frieman, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; OI Leloudas, Giorgos/0000-0002-8597-0756; Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Eastman, Jason/0000-0003-3773-5142; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615 NR 59 TC 234 Z9 235 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/338 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600029 ER PT J AU Byrd, GG Freeman, T Howard, S Buta, RJ AF Byrd, Gene G. Freeman, Tarsh Howard, Sethanne Buta, Ronald J. TI Ringed spiral galaxy NGC4622. II. An independent determination that the two outer arms lead SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies individual (NGC4622); galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure ID COROTATION RADII; NGC 4622; DENSITY AB The spiral galaxy NGC4622 was recognized by Byrd et al. (1989, Celest. Mech., 45, 31) to have a single inner arm winding outward counterclockwise (CCW) and an outer pair of arms winding outward clockwise (CW). Using HST and ground-based observations, Buta et al. (2003, AJ, 125, 634) used a dust silhouette method to determine that the disk of NGC4622 rotates CW on the sky. The outer pair of arms winding outward CW on the sky should thus lead (wind outward in the direction of disk orbital motion), contrary to most expectations. We have discovered in Fourier component images an additional pair of weak CCW arms: this pair is inside the already-known strong outer CW pair. We also find an additional weak single CW arm component: this arm is outside the strong, already-known, CCW single inner arm. Thus, regardless of disk rotation sense, NGC4622 has a pair of leading arms as well as a single leading arm. NGC4622's moderate (19 degrees) tilt is a plus for the methods in the present paper. We use a well-demonstrated IVB color/age method to locate co-rotation (CR) radii. At CR, the Fourier position angle peaks switch position angle sequence (e.g., IVB to BVI or the reverse). We find two possible CR radii (21.4 '' and 36 ''). The boundary between the outer CW arms and the inner CCW arms is between these two radii. From the IVB switching senses crossing the CR radii and the observed orbital angular rate decline with increasing radius across the first CR, the orbit sense is CW and the outer pair thus is the leading pair. We thus place on a firm footing for future research our earlier conclusions about the unusual nature of the NGC4622 spiral pattern. C1 [Byrd, Gene G.; Buta, Ronald J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Freeman, Tarsh] Bevill State Community Coll, Jasper, AL 35555 USA. [Howard, Sethanne] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Byrd, GG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM byrd@bama.ua.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/408 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600034 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Shields, JC Bottcher, A Basu, S AF Finke, J. D. Shields, J. C. Boettcher, A. Basu, S. TI Redshift limits of BL Lacertae objects from optical spectroscopy SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts ID HOST GALAXIES; X-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; 3C 66A; TELESCOPE; S5-0716+714; CATALOG; BLAZARS; BRIGHT; SAMPLE AB Context. BL Lacertae objects have been the targets for numerous recent multiwavelength campaigns, continuum spectral variability studies, and theoretical spectral and variability modeling. A meaningful interpretation of the results of such studies requires a reliable knowledge of the objects' redshifts; however, the redshifts for many are still unknown or uncertain. Aims. Therefore, we hope to determine or constrain the redshifts of six BL Lac objects with unknown or poorly known redshifts. Methods. Observations were made of these objects with the MDM 2.4 m Hiltner telescope. Although no spectral features were detected, and thus no redshifts could be measured, lower redshift limits were assigned to the objects based on the expected equivalent widths of absorption features in their host galaxies. Redshifts were also estimated for some objects by assuming the host galaxies are standard candles and using host galaxy apparent magnitudes taken from the literature. Results. The commonly used redshift of z=0.102 for 1219+285 is almost certainly wrong, while the redshifts of the other objects studied remain undetermined. C1 [Finke, J. D.; Shields, J. C.; Boettcher, A.; Basu, S.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfinke@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 2 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078492 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244ID UT WOS:000251858700020 ER PT J AU Joseph, T Lazio, W Ojha, R Fey, AL Kedziora-Chudczer, L Cordes, JM AF Joseph, T. Lazio, W. Ojha, Roopesh Fey, Alan L. Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna Cordes, James M. TI Angular broadening of intraday variable AGNs. II. Interstellar and intergalactic scattering SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; ISM : structure; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; REFERENCE FRAME; COMPACT STRUCTURES; ANNUAL MODULATION; ANNUAL CYCLES; SCINTILLATION; VARIABILITY; J1819+3845; ANISOTROPY; PLASMA AB We analyze a sample of 58 multiwavelength, Very Long Baseline Array observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to determine their scattering properties. Approximately 75% of the sample consists of AGNs that exhibit centimeter-wavelength intraday variability (interstellar scintillation), while the other 25% do not show intraday variability. We find that interstellar scattering is measurable for most of these AGNs, and the typical broadening diameter is 2 mas at 1 GHz. We find that the scintillating AGNs are typically at lower Galactic latitudes than the nonscintillating AGNs, consistent with the scenario that intraday variability is a propagation effect from the Galactic interstellar medium. The magnitude of the inferred interstellar broadening measured toward the scintillating AGNs, when scaled to higher frequencies, is comparable to the diameters inferred from analyses of the light curves for the more well-known intraday variable sources. However, we find no difference in the amount of scattering measured toward the scintillating versus nonscintillating AGNs. A consistent picture is one in which the scintillation results from localized regions ("clumps'') distributed throughout the Galactic disk, but that individually make little contribution to the angular broadening. Of the 58 AGNs observed, 37 (64%) have measured redshifts. At best, a marginal trend is found for scintillating (nonscintillating) AGNs to have smaller (larger) angular diameters at higher redshifts. We also use our observations to try to constrain the possibility of intergalactic scattering. While broadly consistent with the scenario of a highly turbulent intergalactic medium, our observations do not place significant constraints on its properties. C1 [Joseph, T.; Lazio, W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ojha, Roopesh] USN Observ, NVI, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Fey, Alan L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna] Univ Sydney, Inst Astron, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cordes, James M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cordes, James M.] NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Joseph, T (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; rojha@usno.navy.mil; afey@usno.navy.mil; afey@usno.navy.mil; cordes@astro.cornell.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000013 ER PT J AU Juett, AM Sarazin, CL Clarke, TE Andernach, H Ehle, M Fujita, Y Kempner, JC Roy, AL Rudnick, L Slee, OB AF Juett, Adrienne M. Sarazin, Craig L. Clarke, Tracy E. Andernach, Heinz Ehle, Matthias Fujita, Yutaka Kempner, Joshua C. Roy, Alan L. Rudnick, Lawrence Slee, O. Bruce TI A Chandra observation of Abell 13: Investigating the origin of the radio relic SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (A13); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID RAY-EMITTING GAS; X-RAY; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COMA CLUSTER; COOL CORE; A133 AB We present results from the Chandra X-ray observation of Abell 13, a galaxy cluster that contains an unusual noncentral radio source, also known as a radio relic. This is the first pointed X-ray observation of Abell 13, providing a more sensitive study of the properties of the X-ray gas. The X-ray emission from Abell 13 is extended to the northwest of the X-ray peak and shows substructure indicative of a recent merger event. The cluster X-ray emission is centered on the bright galaxy H of Slee et al. We find no evidence for a cooling flow in the cluster. A knot of excess X-ray emission is coincident with the other bright elliptical galaxy F. This knot of emission has properties similar to the enhanced emission associated with the large galaxies in the Coma Cluster. With these Chandra data we are able to compare the properties of the hot X-ray gas with those of the radio relic from VLA data, to study the interaction of the X-ray gas with the radio-emitting electrons. Our results suggest that the radio relic is associated with cooler gas in the cluster. We suggest two explanations for the coincidence of the cooler gas and radio source. First, the gas may have been uplifted by the radio relic from the cluster core. Alternatively, the relic and cool gas may have been displaced from the central galaxy during the cluster merger event. C1 [Juett, Adrienne M.; Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA USA. [Andernach, Heinz] Univ Guanajuato, Dept Astron, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico. [Ehle, Matthias] XMM, Newton Sci Operat Ctr, European Space Agcy, Madrid 28080, Spain. [Fujita, Yutaka] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Kempner, Joshua C.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Roy, Alan L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Rudnick, Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Slee, O. Bruce] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. RP Juett, AM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM ajuett@virginia.edu; sarazin@virginia.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1086/523350 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000015 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U AF Landi, E. Feldman, U. TI The thermal structure of an active region observed outside the solar disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; R-CIRCLE-DOT; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IONIZATION BALANCE; SUMER; CHIANTI; SOHO; HOLE AB In the present work we analyze an extensive active region spectrum observed by the SUMER instrument on board SOHO with the aim of determining the thermal structure of the emitting plasma. We found that the plasma is made of three distinct, isothermal components, whose physical properties are similar to coronal hole, quiet-Sun, and active region plasmas. The temperatures of the coronal hole-like and quiet-Sun-like plasmas are in excellent agreement with previous measurements obtained outside active regions. We also used a DEM diagnostic technique to check the robustness of our results and found that the DEM curves are compatible with the presence of three distinct nearly isothermal plasmas if the individual DEM measurements are smoothed over a small temperature interval. Larger intervals lead the resulting DEM curves to a more multithermal behavior, raising the question of whether multithermal active region DEM curves available in the literature are real or an artifact of oversmoothing. The results are compared with measurements of the temperature of individual loop structures in the literature and discussed in light of a new picture of the solar corona. C1 [Landi, E.; Feldman, U.] USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 674 EP 683 DI 10.1086/523629 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000060 ER PT S AU Amerault, C Doyle, J AF Amerault, Clark Doyle, James BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Assimilation of small scale observations with a nested adjoint model SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adjoint; data assimilation; mesoscale ID MESOSCALE MODEL; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; CYCLONES; SCHEME; TESTS AB An adjoint limited area numerical weather prediction model with multiple nests has been developed. The adjoint modeling system has the capability to pass gradient information from the finer spaced nest to the coarser spaced domain. Therefore, gradients of scalar functions calculated from small scale features can be computed with respect to the large scale model state. Sensitivity experiments were performed to show that the nested adjoint model produces physically meaningful gradients. Results from data assimilation experiments will be presented at the conference. An ad joint model such as the one presented here, could be in important tool for variational assimilation schemes that intend to make use of high resolution remotely sensed data. C1 [Amerault, Clark; Doyle, James] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Amerault, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM clark.amerault@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 70850R DI 10.1117/12.795348 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100016 ER PT J AU Vanhellemont, F Tetard, C Bourassa, A Fromm, M Dodion, J Fussen, D Brogniez, C Degenstein, D Gilbert, KL Turnbull, DN Bernath, P Boone, C Walker, KA AF Vanhellemont, F. Tetard, C. Bourassa, A. Fromm, M. Dodion, J. Fussen, D. Brogniez, C. Degenstein, D. Gilbert, K. L. Turnbull, D. N. Bernath, P. Boone, C. Walker, K. A. TI Aerosol extinction profiles at 525nm and 1020nm derived from ACE imager data: comparisons with GOMOS, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, and OSIRIS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT AB The Canadian ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) mission is dedicated to the retrieval of a large number of atmospheric trace gas species using the solar occultation technique in the infrared and UV/visible spectral domain. However, two additional solar disk imagers (at 525 nm and 1020 nm) were added for a number of reasons, including the retrieval of aerosol and cloud products. In this paper, we present first comparison results for these imager aerosol/cloud optical extinction coefficient profiles, with the ones derived from measurements performed by 3 solar occultation instruments (SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III), one stellar occultation instrument (GOMOS) and one limb sounder (OSIRIS). The results indicate that the ACE imager profiles are of good quality in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, although the aerosol extinction for the visible channel at 525 nm contains a significant negative bias at higher altitudes, while the relative differences indicate that ACE profiles are almost always too high at 1020 nm. Both problems are probably related to ACE imager instrumental issues. C1 [Vanhellemont, F.; Dodion, J.; Fussen, D.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Tetard, C.; Brogniez, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, LOA, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Bourassa, A.; Degenstein, D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Fromm, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gilbert, K. L.; Turnbull, D. N.; Bernath, P.; Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Heslington YO10 5DD, Yorks, England. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Vanhellemont, F (reprint author), Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. EM filip.vanhellemont@aeronomie.be RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2027 EP 2037 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288BI UT WOS:000254960800011 ER PT J AU Jegou, F Urban, J De La Noe, J Ricaud, P Le Flochmoen, E Murtagh, DP Eriksson, P Jones, A Petelina, S Llewellyn, EJ Lloyd, ND Haley, C Lumpe, J Randall, C Bevilacqua, RM Catoire, V Huret, N Berthet, G Renard, JB Strong, K Davies, J Elroy, CT Goutail, F Pommereau, JP AF Jegou, F. Urban, J. de la Noe, J. Ricaud, P. Le Flochmoen, E. Murtagh, D. P. Eriksson, P. Jones, A. Petelina, S. Llewellyn, E. J. Lloyd, N. D. Haley, C. Lumpe, J. Randall, C. Bevilacqua, R. M. Catoire, V. Huret, N. Berthet, G. Renard, J. B. Strong, K. Davies, J. Mc Elroy, C. T. Goutail, F. Pommereau, J. P. TI Technical note: Validation of Odin/SMR limb observations of ozone, comparisons with OSIRIS, POAM III, ground-based and balloon-borne instruments SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; SUBMILLIMETER RADIOMETER; SCATTER MEASUREMENTS; REMOTE MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ERROR ANALYSIS; O-3 PROFILES; POLAR OZONE; NEW-ZEALAND AB The Odin satellite carries two instruments capable of determining stratospheric ozone profiles by limb sounding: the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) and the UV-visible spectrograph of the OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System) instrument. A large number of ozone profiles measurements were performed during six years from November 2001 to present. This ozone dataset is here used to make quantitative comparisons with satellite measurements in order to assess the quality of the Odin/SMR ozone measurements. In a first step, we compare Swedish SMR retrievals version 2.1, French SMR ozone retrievals version 222 (both from the 501.8 GHz band), and the OSIRIS retrievals version 3.0, with the operational version 4.0 ozone product from POAM III (Polar Ozone Atmospheric Measurement). In a second step, we refine the Odin/SMR validation by comparisons with ground-based instruments and balloon-borne observations. We use observations carried out within the framework of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and balloon flight missions conducted by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'Environnement (LPCE, Orleans, France), and the Service d'Aeronomie (SA, Paris, France). Coincidence criteria were 5 degrees in latitude x 10 degrees in longitude, and 5 h in time in Odin/POAM III comparisons, 12 h in Odin/NDACC comparisons, and 72h in Odin/balloons comparisons. An agreement is found with the POAM III experiment (10-60 km) within -0.3 +/- 0.2 ppmv (bias +/- standard deviation) for SMR (v222, v2.1) and within -0.5 +/- 0.2 ppmv for OSIRIS (v3.0). Odin ozone mixing ratio products are systematically slightly lower than the POAM III data and show an ozone maximum lower by 1-5 km in altitude. The comparisons with the NDACC data (10-34 km for ozonesonde, 10-50 km for lidar, 10-60 for microwave instruments) yield a good agreement within -0.15 +/- 0.3 ppmv for the SMR data and -0.3 +/- 0.3 ppmv for the OSIRIS data. Finally the comparisons with instruments on large balloons (10-31 km) show a good agreement, within -0.7 +/- 1 ppmv. The official SMR v2.1 dataset is consistent in all altitude ranges with POAM III, NDACC and large balloon-borne instruments measurements. In the SMR v2.1 data, no different systematic error has been found in the 0-35km range in comparison with the 35-60 km range. The same feature has been highlighted in both hemispheres in SMR v2.1/POAM III intercomparisons, and no latitudinal dependence has been revealed in SMR v2.1/NDACC intercomparisons. C1 [Jegou, F.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Urban, J.; Murtagh, D. P.; Eriksson, P.; Jones, A.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [de la Noe, J.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS INSU, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Ricaud, P.; Le Flochmoen, E.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Petelina, S.; Llewellyn, E. J.; Lloyd, N. D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Haley, C.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Lumpe, J.] Computat Phys Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bevilacqua, R. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Catoire, V.; Huret, N.; Berthet, G.; Renard, J. B.] Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France. [Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Davies, J.; Mc Elroy, C. T.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Goutail, F.; Pommereau, J. P.] Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Petelina, S.] La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Jegou, F (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM fjegou@cea.fr RI Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; The Odin satellite, aeronomy mission/F-1671-2011; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 13 BP 3385 EP 3409 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324KF UT WOS:000257516800002 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Murphy, SN Hersey, S Gates, H Padro, LT Nenes, A Brechtel, FJ Jonsson, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Sorooshian, A. Murphy, S. N. Hersey, S. Gates, H. Padro, L. T. Nenes, A. Brechtel, F. J. Jonsson, H. Flagan, R. C. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Comprehensive airborne characterization of aerosol from a major bovine source SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE AMMONIUM-NITRATE; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FINE PARTICLES PM2.5; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ALIPHATIC-AMINES AB We report an extensive airborne characterization of aerosol downwind of a massive bovine source in the San Joaquin Valley (California) on two flights during July 2007. The Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter probed chemical composition, particle size distribution, mixing state, sub- and supersaturated water uptake behavior, light scattering properties, and the interrelationship between these parameters and meteorology. Total PM1.0 levels and concentrations of organics. nitrate. and ammonium were enhanced in the plume from the source as compared to the background aerosol. Organics dominated the plume aerosol mass (similar to 56-64%), followed either by sulfate or nitrate. and then ammonium. Particulate amines were detected in the plume aerosol by a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) and via mass spectral inarkers in the Aerodvne C-ToF-AMS. Amines were found to be a significant atmospheric base even in the presence of arnmonia; particulate amine concentrations are estimated as at least 14-23% of that of ammonium in the plume. Enhanced sub- and supersaturated water uptake and reduced refractive indices were coincident with lower organic mass fractions, higher nitrate mass fractions, and the detection of amines. The likelihood of suppressed droplet growth owing to kinetic limitations from hydrophobic organic material is explored. After removing effects associated with size distribution and mixing state, the normalized activated fraction of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) increased as a function of the subsaturated hygroscopic growth factor, with the highest activated fractions being consistent with relatively lower organic mass fractions and higher nitrate mass fractions. Subsaturated hygroscopic growth factors for the organic fraction of the aerosol are estimated based on employing the Zdanovskii-Stokes Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. Representative values for a parameterization treating particle water uptake in both the sub- and supersaturated regimes are reported for incorporation into atmospheric models. C1 [Sorooshian, A.; Murphy, S. N.; Hersey, S.; Gates, H.; Brechtel, F. J.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sorooshian, A.; Murphy, S. N.; Hersey, S.; Gates, H.; Brechtel, F. J.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Padro, L. T.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brechtel, F. J.] Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA USA. [Jonsson, H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraf St, Monterey, CA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 NR 119 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5489 EP 5520 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400028 ER PT J AU Hoppel, KW Baker, NL Coy, L Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Nedoluha, GE Siskind, E AF Hoppel, K. W. Baker, N. L. Coy, L. Eckermann, S. D. McCormack, J. P. Nedoluha, G. E. Siskind, E. TI Assimilation of stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures from MLS and SABER into a global NWP model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTION MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; SCHEME; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; VERIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM; ENERGY AB The forecast model and three-dimensional variational data assimilation components of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) have each been extended into the upper stratosphere and mesosphere to form an Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of NOGAPS extending to similar to 100 km. This NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP prototype is used to assimilate stratospheric and mesospheric temperature data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instruments. A 60-day analysis period in January and February 2006, was chosen that includes a well documented stratospheric sudden warming. SABER and MLS temperatures indicate that the SSW caused the polar winter stratopause at similar to 40 km to disappear, then reform at similar to 80 km altitude and slowly descend during February. The NOGAPS-ALPHA analysis reproduces this observed stratospheric and mesospheric temperature structure, as well as realistic evolution of zonal winds, residual velocities, and Eliassen-Palm fluxes that aid interpretation of the vertically deep circulation and eddy flux anomalies that developed in response to this wave-breaking event. The observation minus forecast (O-F) standard deviations for MLS and SABER are similar to 2 K in the mid-stratosphere and increase monotonically to about 6 K in the upper mesosphere. Increasing O-F standard deviations in the mesosphere are expected due to increasing instrument error and increasing geophysical variance at small spatial scales in the forecast model. In the mid/high latitude winter regions, 10-day forecast skill is improved throughout the upper stratosphere and mesosphere when the model is initialized using the high-altitude analysis based on assimilation of both SABER and MLS data. C1 [Hoppel, K. W.; Coy, L.; Nedoluha, G. E.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. [Baker, N. L.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 20375 USA. [Eckermann, S. D.; McCormack, J. P.; Siskind, E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Hoppel, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. EM karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 62 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 20 BP 6103 EP 6116 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367NK UT WOS:000260558500008 ER PT J AU Wilson, JC Lee, SH Reeves, JM Brock, CA Jonsson, HH Lafleur, BG Loewenstein, M Podolske, J Atlas, E Boering, K Toon, G Fahey, D Bui, TP Diskin, G Moore, F AF Wilson, J. C. Lee, S. -H. Reeves, J. M. Brock, C. A. Jonsson, H. H. Lafleur, B. G. Loewenstein, M. Podolske, J. Atlas, E. Boering, K. Toon, G. Fahey, D. Bui, T. P. Diskin, G. Moore, F. TI Steady-state aerosol distributions in the extra-tropical, lower stratosphere and the processes that maintain them SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; NITROUS-OXIDE; MEAN AGES; OPEN-PATH; HYGROMETER; PARTICLES AB Measurements of aerosol, N(2)O and OCS made in the Northern Hemisphere below 21 km altitude following the eruption of Pinatubo are presented and analyzed. After September 1999, the oxidation of OCS and sedimentation of particles in the extra-tropical overworld north of 45N are found to maintain the aerosol in a steady state. This analysis empirically links precursor gas to aerosol abundance throughout this region. These processes are tracked with age-of-air which offers advantages over tracking as a function of latitude and altitude. In the extra-tropical, lowermost stratosphere, normalized volume distributions appear constant in time after the fall of 1999. Exchange with the troposphere is important in understanding aerosol evolution there. Size distributions of volcanically perturbed aerosol are included to distinguish between volcanic and non-volcanic conditions. This analysis suggests that model failures to correctly predict OCS and aerosol properties below 20 km in the Northern Hemisphere extra tropics result from inadequate descriptions of atmospheric circulation. C1 [Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.; Lafleur, B. G.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Brock, C. A.; Fahey, D.] NOAA ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA 93933 USA. [Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Boering, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Diskin, G.] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, MS 483, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Moore, F.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM jwilson@du.edu RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX JCW gratefully acknowledges useful conversations of A. Tuck, K. Rosenlof, D. Weisenstein, S. Wofsy and J. Elkins and comments of two anonymous reviewers. In situ measurements were made from NASA research aircraft and remote measurements were made from balloons with sponsorship of the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 22 BP 6617 EP 6626 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389FP UT WOS:000262077000005 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, HH AF Hegg, D. A. Covert, D. S. Jonsson, H. H. TI Measurements of size-resolved hygroscopicity in the California coastal zone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; BALANCE RECEPTOR MODEL; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ORGANIC FILMS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARINE AEROSOL; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Aircraft-based measurements of aerosol hygroscopicity, both in the form of size-resolved, diameter growth factors and in the dependence of particle light scattering on relative humidity, are presented for the marine boundary layer of the southern California coastal zone. The chemical composition of the aerosol is collated with the hygroscopicity data, both to examine the mechanism for the increase in aerosol hygroscopicity with altitude and as input for receptor type modeling. The data suggest an increase in aerosol hygroscopicity with altitude, possibly associated with oxidation of organic films. The receptor modeling suggests three distinct aerosol types/sources for this venue: marine, biomass burning and pollution. Model output is used in regression analyses to derive a prognostic mixing rule for the hygroscopicity of aerosol with these three sources. The mixing rule demonstrated substantial prognostic power for submicron hygroscopicity but essentially none for supermicron. C1 [Hegg, D. A.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Post Grad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0277] FX This research was supported by ONR grant N00014-07-1-0277. The authors wish to thank Tim Larson for many valuable discussions. Back trajectories used in this study were calculated with HYSPLIT4 (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model, 1997. Web address: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD. We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers for useful comments. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 23 BP 7193 EP 7203 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YS UT WOS:000262413000021 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Hoppel, KW Siskind, DE AF McCormack, J. P. Hoppel, K. W. Siskind, D. E. TI Parameterization of middle atmospheric water vapor photochemistry for high-altitude NWP and data assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS; MODEL; OZONE; RADIATION; H2O; SYSTEM; SCHEME; MLS; CH4 AB This paper describes CHEM2D-H2O, a new parameterization of H(2)O photochemical production and loss based on the CHEM2D photochemical-transport model of the middle atmosphere. This parameterization accounts for the altitude, latitude, and seasonal variations in the photochemical sources and sinks of water vapor over the pressure region from 100-0.001 hPa (similar to 16-90 km altitude). A series of free-running NOGAPS-ALPHA forecast model simulations offers a preliminary assessment of CHEM2D-H2O performance over the June 2007 period. Results indicate that the CHEM2D-H2O parameterization improves global 10-day forecasts of upper mesospheric water vapor compared to forecasts using an existing one-dimensional (altitude only) parameterization. Most of the improvement is seen at high winter latitudes where the one-dimensional parameterization specifies photolytic H(2)O loss year round despite the lack of sunlight in winter. The new CHEM2D-H2O parameterization should provide a better representation of the down-welling of dry mesospheric air into the stratospheric polar vortex in operational analyses that do not assimilate middle atmospheric H(2)O measurements. C1 [McCormack, J. P.; Siskind, D. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoppel, K. W.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.mccormack@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08AI67I]; Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank S. D. Eckermann and the two referees for their valuable comments and discussions. We also wish to thank the EOS Aura MLS team and the TIMED SABER team. This work was supported in part by grants from the Office of Naval Research and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNH08AI67I issued through the Heliophysics Theory Program. NOGAPS-ALPHA simulations were made possible by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 24 BP 7519 EP 7532 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YG UT WOS:000262411800015 ER PT S AU Burris, HR Moore, CI Waterman, JR Suite, MR Vilardebo, K Wasiczko, LM Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Ferraro, MS Sainte Georges, E Uecke, S Poirier, P Lovern, M Hanson, F AF Burris, H. R. Moore, C. I. Waterman, J. R. Suite, M. R. Vilardebo, K. Wasiczko, L. M. Rabinovich, W. S. Mahon, R. Ferraro, M. S. Sainte Georges, E. Uecke, S. Poirier, P. Lovern, M. Hanson, F. BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI High speed lasercomm data transfer in Seahawk 2007 exercise - art. no. 69510V SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) established a one-way Gigabit Ethernet lasercomm link during the Seahawk exercise in August, 2007 to transfer data similar to 8 miles across the inlet of San Diego Bay from Point Loma to the Imperial Beach base camp. The data transferred over the link was from an NRL developed, wide field of view (90 degrees), high resolution, mid-wave infrared camera operating at 30 frames per second. Details of the high speed link will be presented as well as packet error rate data and atmospheric propagation data taken during the two week long exercise. C1 [Burris, H. R.; Moore, C. I.; Suite, M. R.; Wasiczko, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burris, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6951 BP V9510 EP V9510 DI 10.1117/12.783734 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500020 ER PT S AU Font, CO Armstrong, CA Gilbreath, GC Parchment, L Suite, M Burris, HR AF Font, Carlos O. Armstrong, Cheree A. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Parchment, Luke Suite, Michele Burris, H. Rayvon BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI Mirage effects in the marine layer across Chesapeake Bay SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mirage; refractive index AB Atmospheric effects deleteriously impact free space laser communications. Beam wander, distortion and beam bending can affect pointing and tracking in particular. Mirages are an example of these effects. In June 2006, a campaign was conducted across the Chesapeake Bay by the Naval Research Laboratory to quantify effects of mirages at the marine layer. We imaged a series of lights positioned strategically on a tower across the bay, at Tilghman Island, approximately ten miles away from NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD). Recorded images were subject to displacement and distortion as functions of temperature, humidity, dew point, and other meteorological parameters. Results from the experiment will be presented and phenomenology discussed. C1 [Font, Carlos O.; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine; Suite, Michele; Burris, H. Rayvon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Font, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6951 AR 695108 DI 10.1117/12.800782 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500006 ER PT S AU Hooper, WP AF Hooper, William P. BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI Measurement of optical refraction across the Chesapeake Bay SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE optical refraction; mirage; inferior mirage; superior mirage; and air-sea temperature difference ID TEMPERATURE PROFILES AB Over a thousand measurements of optical refraction across the Chesapeake Bay were made between November 1999 and June 2001. A survey station was placed on the western side of the bay south of Chesapeake Beach MD and used to view lights on Tilghman Island MD on the eastern side at a range of 16.2 km. In addition, the survey station viewed buoys at ranges of 690, 1420, 2050, 2790, 3440, and 4180 m. The heights for the survey station measurements were 2.3, 3.5, 5.4, 12.7, 27.7, and 37 m above the mean water level and the lights were located at 4.7, 9.5, 13.7, 27.0 m above the water level. When weather and work schedules permitted, observations were made twice a day (just after sunrise and at noon). Survey station measurements of the closest buoy are used to estimate the water level. Observations of air-sea temperature differences measured by the mid-bay buoy in the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) are compared with the elevation angles. The elevation angles and air-sea temperature differences (ASTD) are analyzed over an annual cycle. The elevation angles and the non-dimensional curvature of the refractive rays are compared with the ASTD. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hooper, WP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bill.hooper@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6951 AR 69510P DI 10.1117/12.783832 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500015 ER PT S AU Suite, MR Burris, HR Moore, CI Wasiczko, LM Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS AF Suite, M. R. Burris, H. R. Moore, C. I. Wasiczko, L. M. Mahon, R. Rabinovich, W. S. BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI Results from long term studies of packet testing at the US Naval Research Laboratory free-space lasercomm test facility SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE free-space optical laser communication; bit error rate; packet error rate AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has been examining-propagation of a 1550nm laser at its free-space lasercomm test facility at Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD). NRL-CBD offers a ten mile free-space optical laser communication (FSO lasercomm) path over water. Atmospheric propagation data and as well as bit error rate and packet error rate data has been collected along the one-way ten mile link and a round-trip twenty mile link using passive retroreflectors. Long term 24/7 data collection on the one-way range at the lasercomm test facility (LCTF) provides insight into availability and packet error rates of maritime FSO lasercomm. Results from this study will be presented. C1 [Suite, M. R.; Burris, H. R.; Moore, C. I.; Wasiczko, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suite, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6951 AR 69510U DI 10.1117/12.783696 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500019 ER PT S AU Thomas, LMW Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, M Smith, WR Rabinovich, W AF Thomas, Linda M. Wasiczko Moore, Christopher I. Burris, Harris R. Suite, Michele Smith, Walter Reed, Jr. Rabinovich, William BE Gilbreath, GC Wasiczko, LM TI NRL's research at the Lasercomm Test Facility: characterization of the maritime atmosphere and initial results in analog FM lasercomm SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation V CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The US Naval Research Laboratory has undertaken a multi-year research effort in free space optical communications. The goals of this research are to understand and quantify the propagation of optical beams through the maritime atmosphere, assess the global maritime availability and performance of Naval lasercomm, and research methods to improve the robustness of Naval lasercomm links. In support of these goals, NRL has continued to add monitoring and testing capabilities to the Lasercomm Test Facility (LCTF) at NRL-Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD). The LCTF has provided volumes of information about maritime laser propagation and atmospheric turbulence. Highlights of recent research collected at the LCTF are presented in this paper. C1 [Thomas, Linda M. Wasiczko; Moore, Christopher I.; Burris, Harris R.; Suite, Michele; Smith, Walter Reed, Jr.; Rabinovich, William] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, LMW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7142-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6951 AR 69510S DI 10.1117/12.783791 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHW87 UT WOS:000257109500017 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E. Bhatia, A. K. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for S XIII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID BE-LIKE IONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; BERYLLIUM-LIKE IONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; COLLISION STRENGTHS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; EMISSION-LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for S XIII. The configurations used are 2s(2), 2s2p, 2p(2), 2131', 2141' and 2s51', with 1 = s, p and 1' = s, p, d, giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at seven incident energies (10, 20, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 Ry) for the transitions within the three lowest configurations, and five incident energies (45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 Ry) for transitions between the lowest five levels and the n = 3,4,5 configurations. Calculations have been carried out using the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-matrix results for the 2s(2), 2s(2)p, 2P(2) configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 6.4, corresponding to the maximum abundance of S XIII. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. Observed line ratios indicate electron temperatures of the emitting plasma close to log T-e(K) = 6.4. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Landi, E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landi, E.] ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Bhatia, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2007.08.002 PG 37 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 260KO UT WOS:000253009400001 ER PT S AU Martin, K AF Martin, Keye BE Aceto, L Damgard, I Goldberg, LA Halldorsson, MM Ingolfsdottir, A Walukiewicz, I TI A domain theoretic model of qubit channels SO AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming CY JUL 07-11, 2008 CL Keykjavik, ICELAND SP CCP Games, Iclandair, IFIP TC1, Reykjavik Univ, Teymi AB We prove that the spectral order provides a domain theoretic model of qubit channels. Specifically, we show that the spectral order is the unique partial order on quantum states whose least element is the completely mixed state, which satisfies the mixing law and has the property that a qubit channel is unital iff it is Scott continuous and has a Scott closed set of fixed points. This result is used to show that the Holevo capacity of a unital qubit channel is determined by the largest value of its informatic derivative. In particular, these channels always have an informatic derivative that is necessarily not a classical derivative. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-70582-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5126 BP 283 EP 297 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHZ46 UT WOS:000257663100024 ER PT S AU Merritt, SA AF Merritt, Scott A. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI A fast 2D/3D algorithm for georegistration and targeting SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVIII CY MAR 19-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE georegistraion; 2D/3D registration; image-based rendering; parametric registration; depth-based warping ID FRAMEWORK AB Targeting and precision-guided munitions rely on precise image and video registration. Current approaches for geo-registration typically utilize registration algorithms that operate in two-dimensional (M) transform spaces, in the absence of an underlying three-dimensional (3D) surface model. However, because of their two-dimensional motion assumptions, these algorithms place limitations on the types of imagery and collection geometries that can be used. Incorporating a 3D reference surface enables the use of 2D-to-3D registration algorithms and removes many such limitations. The author has previously demonstrated a fast 2D-to-3D registration algorithm for registration of live video to surface data extracted from medical images. The algorithm uses an illumination-tolerant gradient-descent based optimization to register a 2D image to 3D surface data in order to globally locate the camera's origin with respect to the 3D model. The rapid convergence of the algorithm is achieved through a reformulation of the optimization problem that allows many data elements to be re-used through multiple iterations. This paper details the extension of this algorithm to the more difficult problem of registering aerial imagery to terrain data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merritt, SA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM scott.a.merritt@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7158-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6967 AR 69670T DI 10.1117/12.776941 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY02 UT WOS:000257316900024 ER PT J AU Montcalm-Smith, EA Fahlman, A Kayar, SR AF Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A. Fahlman, Andreas Kayar, Susan R. TI Pharmacological interventions to decompression sickness in rats: Comparison of five agents SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; adjunctive therapy; lidocaine; aspirin; methylprednisolone; transsodium crocetinate; alpha-phenyl-N-butylnitorne ID SPINAL-CORD INJURY; BUTYL-NITRONE PBN; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; DRUG-THERAPY; ILLNESS; ASPIRIN; ISCHEMIA; METHYLPREDNISOLONE AB Introduction: This research investigated whether decompression sickness (DCS) risk or severity could be reduced using drug interventions that are easier to implement and equal to or more efficacious than recompression therapy. Methods: Using a rat model of DCS, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant drugs, including lidocaine, aspirin (ASA), methylprednisolone (MP), alpha-phenyl-N-butylnitrone (PBN), and transsodium crocetinate (TSC) were tested to determine their effect on incidence of DCS, death, and time of symptom onset. Each treatment group consisted of similar to 40 animals that received the drug and similar to 40 controls. Animals were exposed to one of five compression and decompression profiles with pressure ranging from 6.3 ATA (175 fsw) to 8.0 ATA (231 fsw); bottom time was either 60 or 90 min; and decompression rate was either 1.8 or 15 ATA center dot min(-1). Following decompression, the rats were observed for 30 min while walking on a wheel. DCS was defined as an ambulatory deficit or abnormal breathing. Results: None of the drugs reached statistical significance for all DCS manifestations. Lidocaine post-dive and MP were the only treatments with marginally (P < 0.15) significant differences in DCS outcomes compared to controls. Lidocaine post-dive significantly decreased the incidence of neurological DCS from 73-51 %. MP significantly extended the time of onset of death from DCS from 5.4 min to 7.1 min. Discussion: Of the treatments investigated, lidocaine given post-dive has the best chance of success in adjuvant therapy of DCS. Future studies might investigate adjuvant drugs given in combination or during recompression. C1 [Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A.; Kayar, Susan R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fahlman, Andreas] Univ British Columbia, UBC Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Montcalm-Smith, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2071.2008 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 248OE UT WOS:000252162500002 PM 18225772 ER PT S AU Michael, S AF Michael, Sherif BE Pakhomov, AV TI Spacecraft power beaming using high-energy lasers, experimental validation SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Univ Alabama, Amer Inst Beamed Energy Propuls DE spacecraft; laser; power beaming; solar panels; electric propulsion; telescope AB The lifetime of many spacecrafts are often limited by degradation of their electrical power subsystem, e.g. radiation-damaged solar arrays or failed batteries. Being able to beam power from terrestrial sites using high energy lasers, could alleviate this limitation, extending the lifetime of billions of dollars of satellite assets, as well as providing additional energy for electric propulsion that can be used for station keeping and orbital changes In addition, extensive research at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) has shown the potential for annealing damaged solar cells using lasers. This paper describes that research and a proposed experiment to demonstrate the relevant concepts of high energy laser power beaming to an NPS-built and operated satellite. Preliminary results of ground experiment of laser illuminations of some of the solar panels of one of the spacecrafts are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE, Dep Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE, Dep Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0516-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 997 BP 532 EP 545 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHR73 UT WOS:000255832700047 ER PT B AU Sandberg, WC Ramamurti, R AF Sandberg, William C. Ramamurti, Ravi BE Kato, N Kamimura, S TI 3-d unsteady computations of flapping flight in insects, fish, and unmanned vehicles SO BIO-MECHANISMS OF SWIMMING AND FLYING: FLUID DYNAMICS, BIOMIMETIC ROBOTS, AND SPORTS SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-Mechanisms CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Study Grp Aero Aqua Bio Mechanisms DE biomimetic pectoral fin; UUV; MAV; 3-D unsteady CFD; fish swimming; insect maneuvering; nanosensor; artificial muscle ID AQUATIC FLIGHT; BIRD WRASSE AB 3-D unsteady computations have been carried out for a swimming tuna with an oscillating caudal fin, the flapping flight of the fruit fly and a pectoral fin swimmer, the bird wrasse, and a variety of unmanned air vehicles. Such computations for creatures or vehicles with moving and deforming surfaces can provide information on the dynamics of force production that is quite useful for vehicle design. Novel biomimetic vehicles have been designed and built and their performance is described. As vehicle size decreases there has also been a need for incorporation of novel materials, sensors, and control systems. Computational challenges for coupling novel sensor designs, vehicle time-varying force and moment computations, and self-consistent vehicle trajectory computations are discussed. C1 [Sandberg, William C.; Ramamurti, Ravi] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sandberg, WC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-4-431-73379-9 PY 2008 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-73380-5_17 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGZ87 UT WOS:000251715900017 ER PT B AU Palmisano, J Geder, J Rarriairiurti, R Liu, KJ Cohen, JJ Mengesha, T Naciri, J Sandberg, W Ratna, B AF Palmisano, John Geder, Jason Rarriairiurti, Ravi Liu, Kerr-Jia Cohen, Jonah Jonah Mengesha, Tewodros Naciri, Jawad Sandberg, William Ratna, Banahalli BE Kato, N Kamimura, S TI Design, development, and testing of flapping fins with actively controlled curvature for an unmanned underwater vehicle SO BIO-MECHANISMS OF SWIMMING AND FLYING: FLUID DYNAMICS, BIOMIMETIC ROBOTS, AND SPORTS SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Aero Aqua Bio-Mechanisms CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Study Grp Aero Aqua Bio Mechanisms DE biomimetic pectoral fin; UUV; unsteady CFD; PID control; adaptive curvature ID AQUATIC FLIGHT; BIRD WRASSE; PERFORMANCE; LOCOMOTION; SOLVER; FISHES; FLOW AB This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a biomimetic pectoral (side) fin with actively controlled curvature for UUV propulsion. It also describes the development of a test UUV and the design of a fin control system for vertical plane motion. A 3D unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been carried out to computationally optimize the fin design including a full study of the primary design parameters. The fin has been constructed and it can reproduce any specified deformation time-history. The full dynamics of the proposed vehicle have been modeled and the forces produced by the flapping fins computed. Finally, the stability of motion in the vertical plane has been analyzed and a control system has been designed. C1 [Palmisano, John; Cohen, Jonah Jonah; Naciri, Jawad; Ratna, Banahalli] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palmisano, John; Rarriairiurti, Ravi; Sandberg, William] Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Liu, Kerr-Jia; Mengesha, Tewodros] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Palmisano, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-4-431-73379-9 PY 2008 BP 283 EP + DI 10.1007/978-4-431-73380-5_23 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGZ87 UT WOS:000251715900023 ER PT J AU Rittschof, D Orihuela, B Stafslien, S Daniels, J Christianson, D Chisholm, B Holm, E AF Rittschof, D. Orihuela, B. Stafslien, S. Daniels, J. Christianson, D. Chisholm, B. Holm, E. TI Barnacle reattachment: a tool for studying barnacle adhesion SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE biological adhesives; barnacle adhesion strength; fouling-release; silicone coatings; fouling-release coatings; adhesion testing ID BACTERIAL BIOFILM RETENTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT ASSESSMENT; PLATE SCREENING METHOD; BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; RELEASE COATINGS; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; BALANIDAE; STRENGTH; REMOVAL AB Standard approaches for measuring adhesion strength of fouling organisms use barnacles, tubeworms or oysters settled and grown in the field or laboratory, to a measurable size. These approaches suffer from the vagaries of larval supply, settlement behavior, predation, disturbance and environmental stress. Procedures for reattaching barnacles to experimental surfaces are reported. When procedures are followed, adhesion strength measurements on silicone substrata after 2 weeks are comparable to those obtained using standard methods. Hydrophilic surfaces require reattachment for 2-4 weeks. The adhesion strength of barnacles in reattachment assays was positively correlated to results obtained from field testing a series of experimental polysiloxane fouling-release coatings (r=0.89). The reattachment method allows for precise barnacle orientation, enabling the use of small surfaces and the potential for automation. The method enables down-selection of coatings from combinatorial approaches to manageable levels for definitive field testing. Reattachment can be used with coatings that combine antifouling and fouling-release technologies. C1 [Rittschof, D.; Orihuela, B.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Stafslien, S.; Daniels, J.; Christianson, D.; Chisholm, B.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Holm, E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rittschof, D (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM ritt@duke.edu NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/08927010701784920 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 250PZ UT WOS:000252313800001 PM 18058300 ER PT J AU Ramsay, DB Dickinson, GH Orihuela, B Rittschof, D Wahl, KJ AF Ramsay, David B. Dickinson, Gary H. Orihuela, Beatriz Rittschof, Daniel Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Base plate mechanics of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=Amphibalanus amphitrite) SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE mechanics of adhesion; adhesion of plates; fouling release; barnacle; release coatings; Balanus amphitrite ID ANTIFOULING COATINGS; ADHESIVE PLAQUE; SURFACES; RELEASE; THICKNESS; BALANIDAE; BEHAVIOR; MODULUS; FORCE AB The mechanical properties of barnacle base plates were measured using a punch test apparatus, with the purpose of examining the effect that the base plate flexural rigidity may have on adhesion mechanics. Base plate compliance was measured for 43 Balanus amphitrite ( Amphibalanus amphitrite) barnacles. Compliance measurements were used to determine flexural rigidity (assuming a fixed-edge circular plate approximation) and composite modulus of the base plates. The barnacles were categorized by age and cement type (hard or gummy) for statistical analyses. Barnacles that were 'hard' (>= 70% of the base plate thin, rigid cement) and 'gummy' (>30% of the base plate covered in compliant, tacky cement) showed statistically different composite moduli but did not show a difference in base plate flexural rigidity. The average flexural rigidity for all barnacles was 0.0020 Nm (SEM + 0.0003). Flexural rigidity and composite modulus did not differ significantly between 3-month and 14-month-old barnacles. The relatively low flexural rigidity measured for barnacles suggests that a rigid punch approximation is not sufficient to account for the contributions to adhesion mechanics due to flexing of real barnacles during release. C1 [Ramsay, David B.; Dickinson, Gary H.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dickinson, Gary H.; Orihuela, Beatriz; Rittschof, Daniel] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Univ Program Ecol, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil OI Dickinson, Gary/0000-0003-1073-1483; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1080/08927010701882112 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 324MA UT WOS:000257521500002 PM 18247205 ER PT S AU Slater, L AF Slater, Leo BE Hannaway, C TI Molecularization and Infectious Disease Research: The Case of Synthetic Antimalarial Drugs in the Twentieth Century SO BIOMEDICINE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: PRACTICES, POLICIES, AND POLITICS SE Biomedical and Health Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTION; CHLOROQUINE; EHRLICH,PAUL; BEHRING,EMIL; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM; ATEBRIN; SCIENCE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Slater, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-6743 BN 978-1-58603-832-8 J9 BIOMED HEALTH RES JI Biom. Health Res. PY 2008 VL 72 BP 287 EP 315 PG 29 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC History & Philosophy of Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BMB29 UT WOS:000271731200012 ER PT S AU Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Ives, Robert W. BE Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Identifying discriminatory information content within the iris SO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification V CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID RECOGNITION AB The iris contains fibrous structures of various sizes and orientations which can be used for human identification. Drawing from a directional energy iris identification technique, this paper investigates the size, orientation, and location of the iris structures that hold stable discriminatory information. Template height, template width, filter size, and the number of filter orientations were investigated for their individual and combined impact on identification accuracy. Further, the iris was segmented into annuli and radial sectors to determine in which portions of the iris the best discriminatory information is found. Over 2 billion template comparisons were performed to produce this analysis. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM broussar@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7135-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6944 AR 69440T DI 10.1117/12.777771 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHY05 UT WOS:000257371900025 ER PT S AU Ligler, FS AF Ligler, F. S. BE Pavesi, L Fauchet, PM TI Fluorescence-Based Optical Biosensors SO BIOPHOTONICS SE Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optoelectronic and Photonic Winter School on Biophotonics CY FEB 25-MAR 03, 2007 CL Sardagna, ITALY ID PLANAR WAVE-GUIDES; AIRBORNE BIOSENSOR; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; FLOW C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1618-7210 BN 978-3-540-76779-4 J9 BIOL MED PHYS BIOMED JI Biol. Med. Phys. Biomed. Eng. PY 2008 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76782-4_11 PG 17 WC Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Engineering; Optics GA BIJ67 UT WOS:000260117800011 ER PT J AU Adkins, R Krushkal, J Klauser, C Magann, E Somes, G Fain, J Morrison, J AF Adkins, Ronald Krushkal, Julia Klauser, Chad Magann, Everett Somes, Grant Fain, John Morrison, John TI Haplotypes of the imprinted insulin gene are associated with size for gestational age and umbilical cord IGF-II levels SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge Nnational Laboratory/Kentucky-Biomedical-Research-Infrastructure-Network Bioinformatics Meeting CY MAR 28-30, 2008 CL Cadiz, KY SP Univ Tennessee, Oak ridge Natl Lab, Kentucky Bioinformat Network C1 [Adkins, Ronald] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Krushkal, Julia; Somes, Grant] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Fain, John] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Klauser, Chad; Morrison, John] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Magann, Everett] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM radkins1@utmem.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PY 2008 VL 9 SU 7 AR P9 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-S7-P9 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 345VB UT WOS:000259024200011 ER PT B AU Jones, LR McCaffery, JL AF Jones, L. R. McCaffery, Jerry L. BA Jones, LR McCaffery, JL BF Jones, LR McCaffery, JL TI BUDGETING IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SO BUDGETING, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, AND ACQUISITION REFORM IN THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONGRESSIONAL MICROMANAGEMENT; DEFENSE BUDGET; ORGANIZATIONS; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; NETWORKS; BUSINESS; BUREAU C1 [Jones, L. R.; McCaffery, Jerry L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [McCaffery, Jerry L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 481 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-870-9 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 60 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BKG75 UT WOS:000268033200001 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Feldman, U Suckewer, S Hudson, LT AF Seely, John F. Feldman, Uri Suckewer, Szymon Hudson, Lawrence T. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI X-ray imaging spectrometer for recording calibrated time-resolved K-shell spectra from magnetically confined fusion plasmas SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE x-ray spectroscopy; tokamak spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; LASER AB Based on transmission crystal spectrometers recently optimized for recording high-resolution K-shell spectra from laser generated plasmas, an imaging spectrometer has been designed to record Mo and W K-shell spectra from magnetically confined plasmas. The spectrometer can be used to diagnose the electron energy distribution and transport of metal ions from the wall and divertor to the core plasma. C1 [Seely, John F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. [Suckewer, Szymon] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600029 ER PT S AU Feldman, U Seely, JF Landi, E Ralchenko, Y AF Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Landi, E. Ralchenko, Y. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI An EUV narrow band imaging technique for diagnosing 10-30 keV ITER plasmas SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE ITER plasmas; diagnostics AB In this paper we investigate the use of lines from tungsten (W) ions to measure the properties of W impurities in ITER plasmas. We calculate the intensities of the brightest spectral lines expected to be radiated by W ions with wavelengths longer than 45 angstrom, abundance of 10(-4) and at densities of 10(20) m(3). Using the calculated wavelengths and intensities we propose a concept for segmented multilayer-coated imaging telescopes that could be used to investigate the properties of W impurities as a function of time and spare using spectral lines from highly ionized W. C1 [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Seely, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU NASA; [NNG06EAI4I]; [NNH06CD24C] FX The work of E. Landi is supported by the NNG06EAI4I, NNH06CD24C and other NASA grants. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 205 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600030 ER PT S AU Nissen, ME AF Nissen, Mark E. BE Grover, V Markus, ML TI TRANSFORMING BUSINESS PROCESS TRANSFORMATION WITH DIAGNOSTIC KNOWLEDGE-BASED TOOLS SO BUSINESS PROCESS TRANSFORMATION SE Advances in Management Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Artificial Intelligence; Business Process Reengineering; Change Management; Knowledge-Based Systems; Process Analysis; Transformation ID PROCESS REDESIGN; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB Business process transformation remains a vital element of competitive power. Building on more than a decade of experience with radical change, organizations continue to transform their business processes in pursuit of competitive advantage. Despite such experience, however, our techniques and tools for process analysis have advanced only negligibly over this period. Process analysis today reflects the same kinds of unsystematic methods linked over a decade ago to precarious reengineering failure rates. The research described in this chapter addresses such problems with process transformation by focusing on process transformation itself; that is, we focus on transforming the process of business process transformation (i.e., process meta-transformation). Targeting explicitly the unsystematic analytical methods that persist in terms of business process transformation today, we integrate and illustrate the use and utility of two diagnostic knowledge-based tools for process analysis. Such knowledge-based tools address directly the knowledge required for effective transformational analysis. This pushes the state of the art in terms of business process transformation and reveals opportunities for immediate practical application. We illustrate the use and utility of this approach through an example of process analysis and transformation in the field. The chapter closes with key conclusions, suggestions for practical application, and topics for continued research along the lines of this investigation. C1 [Nissen, Mark E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1554-6152 BN 978-0-7656-1191-8 J9 ADV MANAG INFORM SYS PY 2008 VL 9 BP 101 EP 121 PG 21 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BRQ80 UT WOS:000283436500007 ER PT J AU Tribble, DR Baqar, S Thompson, SA AF Tribble, David R. Baqar, Shahida Thompson, Stuart A. BE Nachamkin, I Szymanski, CM Blaser, MJ TI Development of a Human Vaccine SO CAMPYLOBACTER, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI INFECTION; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRANSMEMBRANE BETA-BARRELS; ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES; ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; IMMUNE-RESPONSE C1 [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Prevent Med & Biometr Dept, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Baqar, Shahida] USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Thompson, Stuart A.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Tribble, DR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Prevent Med & Biometr Dept, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 153 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-437-3 PY 2008 BP 429 EP 444 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BPH83 UT WOS:000278888200025 ER PT J AU Logan, SM Schoenhofen, IC Guerry, P AF Logan, Susan M. Schoenhofen, Ian C. Guerry, Patricia BE Nachamkin, I Szymanski, CM Blaser, MJ TI O-Linked Flagellar Glycosylation in Campylobacter SO CAMPYLOBACTER, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COLI VC167 FLAGELLIN; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PSEUDAMINIC ACID; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; ELECTRON CRYOMICROSCOPY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PILIN GLYCOSYLATION; BIOFILM FORMATION C1 [Logan, Susan M.; Schoenhofen, Ian C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. [Guerry, Patricia] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Logan, SM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-437-3 PY 2008 BP 471 EP 481 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BPH83 UT WOS:000278888200027 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Badnell, NR Beiersdorfer, P Beck, BR Brown, GV Bryans, P Gorczyca, TW Gu, MF Kahn, SM Laming, JM Liedahl, DA Mitthumsiri, W Scofield, JH Wong, KL AF Savin, D. W. Badnell, N. R. Beiersdorfer, P. Beck, B. R. Brown, G. V. Bryans, P. Gorczyca, T. W. Gu, M. F. Kahn, S. M. Laming, J. M. Liedahl, D. A. Mitthumsiri, W. Scofield, J. H. Wong, K. L. TI Analog and digital simulations of Maxwellian plasmas for astrophysics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; MG-XI; FE; ELEMENTS AB Many astrophysical and laboratory plasmas possess Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) electron energy distributions (EEDs). Interpreting or predicting the properties of these plasmas requires accurate knowledge of atomic processes such as radiative lifetimes, electron impact excitation and de-excitation, electron impact ionization, radiative recombination, dielectronic recombination, and charge transfer, all for thousands of levels or more. Plasma models cannot include all of the needed levels and atomic data. Hence, approximations need to be made to make the models tractable. Here we report on an "analog" technique we have developed for simulating a Maxwellian EED using an electron beam ion trap and review some recent results using this method. A subset of the atomic data needed for modeling Maxwellian plasmas relates to calculating the ionization balance. Accurate fractional abundance calculations for the different ionization stages of the various elements in the plasma are needed to reliably interpret or predict the properties of the gas. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and are often highly suspect. Here we will also review our recent updating of the recommended atomic data for "digital' computer simulations of MB plasmas in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE), describe the changes relative to previously recommended CIE calculations, and discuss what further recombination and ionization data are needed to improve this latest set of recommended CIE calculations. C1 [Savin, D. W.; Bryans, P.; Mitthumsiri, W.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Badnell, N. R.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Beck, B. R.; Brown, G. V.; Gu, M. F.; Liedahl, D. A.; Scofield, J. H.; Wong, K. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gorczyca, T. W.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Savin, DW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM savin@astro.columbia.edu RI Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1139/P07-159 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700020 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Beiersdorfer, P AF Jacobs, V. L. Beiersdorfer, P. TI K alpha X-ray emission spectra from highly charged Fe ions in EBIT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; ELECTRON-BEAM; LINE EMISSION; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; RADIATIVE EMISSION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RECOMBINATION AB A detailed spectral model has been developed for the computer simulation of the 2p -> 1s K alpha X-ray emission from highly charged Fe ions in the electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The spectral features of interest occur in the range 1.84-1.94 angstrom. The fundamental radiative emission processes associated with radiationless electron capture or dielectronic recombination, inner-shell electron collisional excitation, and inner-shell-electron collisional ionization are taken in account. For comparison, spectral observations and simulations for high-temperature magnetic-fusion (tokamak) plasmas are reviewed. In these plasmas, small departures from steady-state corona-model charge-state distributions can occur because of ion transport processes, while the assumption of equilibrium (Maxwellian) electron energy distributions is expected to be valid. Our investigations for EBIT have been directed at the identification of spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of extreme nonequilibrium or transient ionization conditions, and allowance has been made for general (non-Maxwellian) electron energy distributions. For the precise interpretation of the high-resolution X-ray observations, which may involve the analysis of blended spectral features composed of many lines, it has been necessary to take into account the multitude of individual fine-structure components of the K alpha radiative transitions in the ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXV. At electron densities higher than the validity range of the corona-model approximation, collisionally induced transitions among low-lying excited states can play an important role. It is found that inner-shell-electron excitation and ionization processes involving the complex intermediate ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXI produce spectral features, in the wavelength range from 1.89 to 1.94 angstrom, which are particularly sensitive to density variations and transient ionization conditions. C1 [Jacobs, V. L.] Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Naval Res Lab, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1139/P07-104 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700021 ER PT B AU Jones, WM Daly, JT DeBardeleben, NA AF Jones, William M. Daly, John T. DeBardeleben, Nathan A. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Application Resilience: Making Progress In Spite of Failure SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB While measures such as raw compute performance and system capacity continue to be important factors for evaluating cluster performance, such issues as system reliability and application resilience have become increasingly important as cluster sizes rapidly grow. Although efforts to directly improve fault-tolerance are important, it is also essential to accept that application failures will inevitably occur and to ensure that progress is made despite these failures. Application monitoring frameworks are central to providing application resilience. As such, the central theme of this paper is to address the impact that application monitoring detection latency has on the overall system performance. We find that immediate fault detection is not necessary in order to obtain substantial improvement in performance. This conclusion is significant because it implies that less complex, highly portable, and predominately less expensive failure detection schemes would provide adequate application resilience. C1 [Jones, William M.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Daly, John T.; DeBardeleben, Nathan A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Sys Integrat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wmjones@usna.edu; jtd@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov RI McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 789 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300111 ER PT J AU Romano, M AF Romano, Marcello TI Exact analytic solution for the rotation of a rigid body having spherical ellipsoid of inertia and subjected to a constant torque SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE rigid body dynamics; kinematics; rotation; integrable cases of motion; spherical ellipsoid of inertia ID ATTITUDE MOTION AB The exact analytic solution is introduced for the rotational motion of a rigid body having three equal principal moments of inertia and subjected to an external torque vector which is constant for an observer fixed with the body, and to arbitrary initial angular velocity. In the paper a parametrization of the rotation by three complex numbers is used. In particular, the rows of the rotation matrix are seen as elements of the unit sphere and projected, by stereographic projection, onto points on the complex plane. In this representation, the kinematic differential equation reduces to an equation of Riccati type, which is solved through appropriate choices of substitutions, thereby yielding an analytic solution in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The rotation matrix is recovered from the three complex rotation variables by inverse stereographic map. The results of a numerical experiment confirming the exactness of the analytic solution are reported. The newly found analytic solution is valid for any motion time length and rotation amplitude. The present paper adds a further element to the small set of special cases for which an exact solution of the rotational motion of a rigid body exists. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. EM mromano@nps.edu RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2008 VL 100 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9112-7 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 267ZB UT WOS:000253546600002 ER PT J AU Miller, AL AF Miller, Alice L. BE Li, C TI Institutionalization and the Changing Dynamics of Chinese Leadership Politics SO CHINA'S CHANGING POLITICAL LANDSCAPE: PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Miller, Alice L.] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Dept Hist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Alice L.] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Dept Polit Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, Alice L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. [Miller, Alice L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Adv Int Studies, Washington, DC USA. RP Miller, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Dept Hist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-5208-0 PY 2008 BP 61 EP 79 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BZM65 UT WOS:000302033500005 ER PT J AU Beall, JH AF Beall, J. H. TI The Importance of Multifrequency Emission from Jets in Astrophysics SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2007 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestr Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I DE astrophysical jets; active galactic nuclei; quasars; microquasars ID RADIO-SOURCES; NEUTRINOS; BLAZARS; GALAXY; ARRAY; BEAMS AB In this paper, I discuss some historical data on the radio and X-ray variability of the active galaxy, Centaurus A (NGC 5128). The Cen A data reviewed herein were the first detection of concurrent radio and X-ray variability of an active galaxy. Such concurrent variability demands that the radio and X-ray light originate from the same region in the source, a result that allows us to further constrain the physical parameters in the emitting region. The radio and X-ray data from Cen A during this epoch bear a remarkable resemblence to both the radio data from 3C120 (and other AGN) and the radio data from galactic microquasars. The radio data for Cen A are not consistent with van der Laan expansion, a circumstance reminiscent of some of the time variability of the galactic microquasars. This suggests that concurrent, spatially resolved data from multifrequency campaigns will be critical to a refinement of source models for these objects, a result that motivates some comments oil what we mean by concurrent, spatially resolved, multifrequency observations. Astrophysical jets are thus a remarkable laboratory: They provide a confirmation of special relativity in terms of relativistic Doppler boosting, superluminal motion, and time dilation effects. When coupled with their black hole neutron star origins,jets have implications for testing general relativity. As our understanding of the ubiquity of the jet phonomena has grown, we have been required to abandon the assumption of anisotropy in the emitting region in most but not all cases. C1 [Beall, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beall, J. H.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Beall, J. H.] St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bella@sjca.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 8 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 380VI UT WOS:000261493700035 ER PT J AU Beall, JH Guillory, J Rose, DV Schindler, S Colafrancesco, S Kapferer, W AF Beall, J. H. Guillory, John Rose, D. V. Schindler, Sabine Colafrancesco, S. Kapferer, W. TI Non-Linear Wave Dynamics in the Jet-Ambient-Medium Interaction SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2007 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I DE jets; active galaxies; intracluster medium; non-linear dynamics ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; X-RAY; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; PERSEUS CLUSTER; RADIO GALAXIES; ENERGY; GAS; RADIATION; BEAMS AB Jets from the central CD galaxy found within galaxy clusters can propagate to distances of > 100 s of kiloparsecs, thereby interacting with the intracluster medium. X-ray data of the (intracluster) gas in galaxy clusters and their interpretations based on numerical modeling suggest that an additional heating mechanism is required to explain the dynamics and temperature profile in the intracluster medium (ICM). In addition to shock heating, star formation. and supernovae, it is plausible that an additional heating mechanism for the ICM comes from astrophysical jets originating in the cores of radio galaxies. We discuss some aspects of these jets, including the mechanisms of their propagation and energy loss, their constitution, and the non-linear character of their energy loss processes. C1 [Beall, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beall, J. H.; Guillory, John] George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Beall, J. H.] St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. [Schindler, Sabine; Kapferer, W.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astrophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Colafrancesco, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM beall@sjca.edu NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 8 SU S BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 380VI UT WOS:000261493700040 ER PT S AU Stroeve, J Maslowski, W AF Stroeve, J. Maslowski, W. BE Bronnimann, S Luterbacher, J Ewen, T Diaz, HF Stolarski, RS Neu, U TI Arctic sea ice variability during the last half century SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years CY JUL 24-26, 2006 CL Thun, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; MODEL; COVER; CLIMATE; TRENDS; EXTENT AB Observational data and modeling results are analyzed to describe changes in the Arctic sea ice cover during the last half century. Accelerated melt of sea ice cover is reported during the late 1990s and 2000s both based on satellite observations of sea ice extent and model simulations of sea ice thickness. The observed and modeled changes are in qualitative agreement but model results imply higher rate of ice thickness decline compared to sea ice extent. Possible causes of variability in sea ice cover include increased surface air temperatures, changes in atmospheric circulation and changes in the absorption of incoming radiative flux. However, atmospheric forcings, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), explain less than half of the total variance in Arctic sea ice cover. Model results analyzed in the Greenland Sea as well as observations in the western Arctic Ocean indicate that oceanic forcing might be an important overlooked factor in driving recent sea ice melt. The main oceanic processes relevant to variability of sea ice cover include advection of heat and melting of sea ice in marginal ice zones and at the ice-ocean interface downstream of the warm water paths. Such changes have potential significant ramifications to the entire pan-Arctic region, including the physical environment, regional ecosystems, native communities, and use of the region for commercial exploration and transportation. Continued studies including in situ and remote sensing observations and modeling are critical to advancing the knowledge of Arctic climate change and predicting scenarios of future change. C1 [Stroeve, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 499, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslowski, W.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stroeve, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 499, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stroeve@kodiak.colorado.edu; maslowsk@nps.edu RI Stroeve, Julienne/D-1525-2010 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-6765-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2008 VL 33 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHL31 UT WOS:000254027000009 ER PT J AU Drew, B Miller, AD DeMott, MC Young, MC Clark, RF Ly, BT Schnier, AB Tanen, DA AF Drew, B. Miller, A. D. DeMott, M. C. Young, M. C. Clark, R. F. Ly, B. T. Schnier, A. B. Tanen, D. A. TI Delayed severe cardiotoxicity and prolonged mental status changes associated with chronic lithium toxicity SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Drew, B.; Tanen, D. A.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Miller, A. D.; DeMott, M. C.; Young, M. C.; Clark, R. F.; Ly, B. T.; Schnier, A. B.; Tanen, D. A.] UCSD Med Ctr VHASD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 MA 164 BP 619 EP 619 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 332AC UT WOS:000258052900165 ER PT J AU Gluck, K Bello, P Busemeyer, J AF Gluck, Kevin Bello, Paul Busemeyer, Jerome TI Model comparison Introduction to the Special Issue SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gluck, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Bello, Paul] USN, Res Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Busemeyer, Jerome] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gluck, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM kevin.gluck@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1245 EP 1247 AR PII 906361317 DI 10.1080/03640210802473582 PG 3 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 379RJ UT WOS:000261413600001 PM 21585452 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, NL Bello, P Langley, P AF Cassimatis, Nicholas L. Bello, Paul Langley, Pat TI Ability, Breadth, and Parsimony in Computational Models of Higher-Order Cognition SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Higher-order cognition; Human-level intelligence; Cognitive models ID STIMULUS ARGUMENT; PAST-TENSE; LANGUAGE; POVERTY; MEMORY AB Computational models will play an important role in our understanding of human higher-order cognition. How can a model's contribution to this goal be evaluated? This article argues that three important aspects of a model of higher-order cognition to evaluate are (a) its ability to reason, solve problems, converse, and learn as well as people do; (b) the breadth of situations in which it can do so; and (c) the parsimony of the mechanisms it posits. This article argues that fits of models to quantitative experimental data, although valuable for other reasons, do not address these criteria. Further, using analogies with other sciences, the history of cognitive science, and examples from modern-day research programs, this article identifies five activities that have been demonstrated to play an important role in our understanding of human higher-order cognition. These include modeling within a cognitive architecture, conducting artificial intelligence research, measuring and expanding a model's ability, finding mappings between the structure of different domains, and attempting to explain multiple phenomena within a single model. C1 [Cassimatis, Nicholas L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bello, Paul] USN, Res Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Langley, Pat] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cassimatis, NL (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, 108 Carnegie, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM cassin@rpi.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-0213 EI 1551-6709 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1304 EP 1322 AR PII 906366158 DI 10.1080/03640210802455175 PG 19 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 379RJ UT WOS:000261413600004 PM 21585455 ER PT S AU Mei, BC Susumu, K Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB Mattoussi, H AF Mei, Bing C. Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI New ligand design to promote water compatibility of luminescent quantum dots and gold nanoparticles - art. no. 686606 SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications III CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor nanocrystals; surface ligands; quantum dots; cells; water soluble; poly(ethylene glycol) ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; CELLS AB We report the design and synthesis of new bidentate ligands to promote biocompatibility of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticle (Au-NPs) alike. The ligands use commercially available methoxy-terminated hydroxypoly(ethylene glycol) (HO-PEG-OCH3) and thioctic acid (TA) coupled via a stable amide bond to make TA-PEG-OCH3 ligands. Following a simple transformation of the hydroxyl group into an amine group on the methoxy-PEG, the ligand was attached to thioctic acid via DCC coupling. The use of mono-hydroxy-terminated PEG simplifies the reaction and purification steps. Following ring opening of the TA to form DHLA-PEG-OCH3, cap exchange on CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs provided homogeneous stable dispersions in buffer solutions. Furthermore, using either the newly designed ligand pure, or mixed with amine-functionalized ligands (DHLA-PEG-NH2) allowed tuning of the surface functionalities of the nanoparticles. Gel electrophoresis, absorption and fluorescence experiments confirmed cap exchange, while microinjection in live cells provided additional verification of the potential utility of these hydrophilic QDs in biology. These ligands were also applied to functionalize Au-NPs, with a substantial improvement of their stability under high salt conditions compared to citrate-functionalized dispersions. C1 [Mei, Bing C.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mei, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7041-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6866 BP 86606 EP 86606 DI 10.1117/12.764267 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHS96 UT WOS:000256020800004 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Pons, T Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Pons, Thomas Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Assembly and intracellular delivery of quantum dot - fluorescent protein bioconjugates - art. no. 68660B SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications III CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; TAT peptide; fluorescence resonance energy-transfer; fluorescent protein; nanoparticle ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; SIZE SERIES; NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; DIAGNOSTICS; PEPTIDES; LIGANDS AB We have previously assembled semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors that can specifically detect nutrients, explosives or enzymatic activity. These sensors utilized the inherent benefits of QDs as FRET donors to optimize signal transduction. In this report we functionalize QDs with the multi-subunit multi-chromophore b-phycoerythrin (b-PE) light harvesting complex using biotin-Streptavidin binding. FRET and gel electrophoretic analyses were used to characterize and confirm the QD-b-PE self-assembly. We found that immobilizing additional cell-penetrating peptides on the nanocrystal surface along with the b-PE was the key factor allowing the mixed surface QD-cargos to undergo endocytosis and intracellular delivery. Our findings on the intracellular uptake promoted by CPP were compared to those collected using microinjection technique, where QD-assemblies were delivered directly into the cytoplasm; this strategy allows bypassing of the endocytic uptake pathway. Intracellular delivery of multifunctional QD-fluorescent protein assemblies has potential applications for use in protein tracking, sensing and diagnostics. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7041-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6866 BP B8660 EP B8660 DI 10.1117/12.763702 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHS96 UT WOS:000256020800006 ER PT S AU Delehanty, JB Bradburne, CE Medintz, IL Farrell, D Pons, T Brunel, FM Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Delehanty, James B. Bradburne, Christopher E. Medintz, Igor L. Farrell, Dorothy Pons, Thomas Brunel, Florence M. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Osinski, M Jovin, TM Yamamoto, K TI Specific cellular delivery and intracellular fate of quantum dot-peptide and quantum dot-polymer nanoassemblies - art. no. 68660K SO COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications III CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanoassemblies; Cell-penetrating peptide; cationic liposomes; polymer; quantum dots; endocytosis; bioconjugate ID TAT-FUSION PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; LIVE CELLS; MACROPINOCYTOSIS; TRANSFECTION; ENDOCYTOSIS AB Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) possess several unique optical and spectroscopic properties that are of great interest and promise in biology. These properties suggest that QDs will be integral to the development of the next generation of biosensors capable of detecting molecular processes in both living and fixed cells. We are developing robust and facile delivery schemes for the selective intracellular delivery of QD-based nanoassemblies. These schemes are based upon the self-assembly and subsequent cellular uptake of QD-peptide and QD-polymer bioconjugates. The QD-peptide structures are generated by the self-assembly of the peptide onto CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs via metal ion coordination between the peptide's polyhistidine motif and the Zn-rich QD shell. The polymer-based QD assemblies are formed via the electrostatic interaction of aqueous cationic liposomes with available carboxylate moieties on the QD surface ligands. Cellular delivery experiments utilizing both delivery schemes will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be discussed, including the intracellular fate and stability of the QD-nanoassemblies. C1 [Delehanty, James B.; Bradburne, Christopher E.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7041-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6866 BP K8660 EP K8660 DI 10.1117/12.763760 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHS96 UT WOS:000256020800010 ER PT J AU Washburn, EB Trivedi, JN Catoire, L Beckstead, MW AF Washburn, E. B. Trivedi, J. N. Catoire, L. Beckstead, M. W. TI The simulation of the combustion of micrometer-sized aluminum particles with steam SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum particle; combustion; kinetic controlled; water ID WIDE TEMPERATURE-RANGES; FLOW REACTOR KINETICS; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; SYSTEM; MODEL; ALCL; CL-2; HCL AB The Liang and Beckstead aluminum-particle combustion model has been successfully joined with a detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism. The model has been used to investigate the effect of oxidizer concentration, initial temperature, and pressure on the combustion of steam and micrometer-sized aluminum particles. The results compare well with experimental data investigating the effects of initial temperature and oxidizer concentration on burn time. The simulations and experimental data have opposite trends for the change in burn time as the pressure increased. The calculated flame temperature increases with increasing pressure, initial temperature, and oxidizer concentration. The effects of particle diameter, initial temperature, and pressure on the calculated flame temperature, flame structure, and species profiles were also investigated. C1 [Washburn, E. B.; Trivedi, J. N.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA USA. [Catoire, L.] CNRS, ICARE, F-75700 Paris, France. [Catoire, L.] Univ Orleans, F-45067 Orleans, France. [Beckstead, M. W.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Washburn, EB (reprint author), 1900 N Knox Rd, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Ephraim.washhburn@navy.mil NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 180 IS 8 BP 1502 EP 1517 DI 10.1080/00102200802125594 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 319CQ UT WOS:000257142100004 ER PT J AU Ananth, R Mowrey, RC AF Ananth, Ramagopal Mowrey, Richard C. TI Ultra-fine water mist extinction dynamics of a co-flow diffusion flame SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; flame extinction; water mist ID LIQUID POOL FIRES; COUNTERFLOW FLAMES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUPPRESSION; DROPLETS; RADIATION; MODEL AB Computations are performed to examine the effectiveness of mono-disperse water droplets in extinguishing a co-flow, propane diffusion flame by injecting the droplets into the air stream. The calculations show that the droplets entrained into the reaction kernel at the flame base are crucial for extinction. The reaction kernel detaches from the burner rim and blows-off when the droplet concentration is increased to a critical value (extinction concentration). At the critical value, the maximum chain-branching reaction (H(2) + O = OH + H) rate in the reaction kernel was found to be reduced by a factor of 5 in our computations. A large decrease in the reaction rate indicates that the maximum heat generations rate and Damkholer number are too low to sustain the flame, and cause the flame blow-off. Large drops are more effective than small drops, and the extinction concentration of water increases from 10.5% to 15% by mass as the size is reduced from 32 to 4 mu m. This is because of competition between the degree of penetration and the rate of evaporation of the water drops. The large drops penetrate the reaction kernel at the flame base better than the small drops, which evaporate completely before reaching the 600K isotherm located well outside the reaction kernel as shown by our computations. As the droplet diameter is increased further (>32 mu m), the trend will reverse as the evaporation rates get too small, despite increased penetration of flame core by the drops. C1 [Ananth, Ramagopal; Mowrey, Richard C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ananth, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramagopal.ananth@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 180 IS 9 BP 1659 EP 1692 DI 10.1080/00102200802197569 PG 34 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 335SR UT WOS:000258311200006 ER PT J AU Kessler, DA Short, M AF Kessler, D. A. Short, M. TI Ignition and transient dynamics of sub-limit premixed flames in microchannels SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE microburner; ignition; unsteady propagation; microscale; premixed flame ID NARROW CHANNEL; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; STABILIZATION; MICROSCALE; STABILITY; MIXTURES; DUCTS; CFD AB We examine, via two-dimensional numerical simulation of a model system, some unsteady transient ignition scenarios and sustained oscillatory combustion modes that can occur in a single-pass, conductive channel, premixed microburner. These issues are relevant to the problem of ignition, evolution to stable combustion and the operational modes of microcombustors. First, we describe an unsteady ignition sequence that may occur when a single-pass microburner with initially cold walls has its exit walls heated and maintained at a fixed temperature. In particular, we demonstrate that as the heat from the exit walls propagates down the microburner walls, a reaction wave is driven rapidly down the channel towards the inlet via a sequence of oscillatory ignition and quenching transients. This scenario has been observed experimentally during the ignition of a single-pass microburner. Secondly, we show how an initial axial wall temperature gradient can lead to a variety of sustained combustion modes within the channel, including stable stationary flames, regimes of periodic motion involving quenching and re-ignition, regimes of regular oscillatory combustion, and regimes consisting of a combination of re-ignition/quenching events and regular oscillatory motions, all of which have been observed experimentally. C1 [Kessler, D. A.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Short, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kessler, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dakessle@lcp.nrl.navy.mil FU DOE ASC; AFOSR; National Research Council; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was performed while DAK was a member of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The authors are grateful for funding from DOE ASC and AFOSR. DAK also gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council postdoctoral associateship program and the Naval Research Laboratory for support during the review process. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2008 VL 12 IS 5 BP 809 EP 829 DI 10.1080/13647830801956295 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 354ER UT WOS:000259622200001 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Deja vu all over again SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material AB After a 10-year struggle within ACM to define a Journal for All Members (JAM), a new" Communications was launched in the cold of February 1983. CACM was to leave behind its pure research past and transform into a professionally useful, interesting, monthly magazine for all members. The CACM that evolved in the decade following 1983 is substantially the form you find today. I was the EIC who managed the transition. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1145/1327452.1327472 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 246GE UT WOS:000251994700012 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S Shinyashiki, N AF Ngai, K. L. Capaccioli, S. Shinyashiki, N. BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I Nishiyama, H TI Universal secondary relaxation of water in aqueous mixtures, in nano-confinement, and in hydrated proteins SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS-BOOK 1 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN DE aqueous mixtures; dynamics; glass transition; hydrated proteins; relaxation; water ID GLASS LIQUID TRANSITION; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE); DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALPHA-RELAXATION; HEAT-CAPACITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; HEMOGLOBIN AB From a large volume of experimental data of relaxation of water in various aqueous mixtures, in different forms of nano-confimement, and in two hydrated proteins, we show the presence of a secondary relaxation in all these systems that have similar characteristics. This ubiquitous secondary relaxation originates from water in the systems and is the analogue of the universal Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation of glass-forming substances in general. Like all Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation, this one from water bears an intimate and important relation to the primary structural relaxation, and hence it plays a fundamental role in glass transition or function of these water containing systems. C1 [Ngai, K. L.; Capaccioli, S.; Shinyashiki, N.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; Shinyashiki, Naoki/0000-0003-0486-2911 FU Office of Naval Research; Universita di Pisa by MIUR FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research, and at the Universita di Pisa by MIUR (PRIN 2005: "Aging, fluctuation and response in out-of-equilibrium glassy systems")- NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0501-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 982 BP 14 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BHK30 UT WOS:000253834300002 ER PT S AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, J. T. Fontanella, J. J. Shlesinger, M. F. Wintersgill, M. C. BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I Nishiyama, H TI The defect diffusion model, glass transition and the properties of glass-forming liquids SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS-BOOK 1 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN DE defect diffusion model; dielectric relaxation; ionic conductivity; viscosity; high pressure ID FREE-VOLUME THEORY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; VISCOSITY; LAW; DEPENDENCE; FRAGILITY; DYNAMICS AB Both the history and current state of the defect diffusion model (DDM) are described. The description includes how the DDM accounts for the glass transition via rigidity percolation. It is shown how the DDM can be used to represent experimental data including viscosity, dielectric relaxation and ionic conductivity. This includes the temperature and pressure variation and the relative contributions of volume and temperature. In addition, a simplified expression for the ratio of the isochoric to isobaric activation energy-enthalpy is presented. C1 [Bendler, J. T.; Fontanella, J. J.; Wintersgill, M. C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Shlesinger, M. F.] Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense-Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0482] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Office of Naval Research. JTB gratefully acknowledges support by the Department of Defense-Army Research Office (Grant No. DAAD19-01-1-0482). The authors would like to thank Frank P. Pursel for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0501-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 982 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BHK30 UT WOS:000253834300038 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, C Heider, D Crane, R Krauthauser, C Yoon, MK Gillespie, JW AF Ratcliffe, Colin Heider, Dirk Crane, Roger Krauthauser, Carl Yoon, Myung Keun Gillespie, John. W., Jr. TI Investigation into the use of low cost MEMS accelerometers for vibration based damage detection SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; carbon composites; vibration NDI; impact damage detection ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; DELAMINATION AB When a structure is damaged there is often a concomitant localized change in structural stiffness, which may affect the dynamic characteristics of the structure. One characteristic that has proved suitable for damage identification and location is the operational curvature shape which exhibits changing features at locations of stiffness change. A method that finds theses features, SIDER, employs an algorithm that operates on broadband operational curvature shapes. To obtain data for SIDER, a small number of accelerometers, typically about four, is installed on the Structure and the structure is then excited at a large array of test points using a 'roving hammer' technique. Frequency response functions are individually measured between each excitation point and the reference accelerometers, and the required operating curvature shapes are determined from the resulting array of frequency response functions. While setup of the experiment is reasonably quick, data acquisition can be time consuming and it is not easily amenable to automation. This paper investigates ail alternative approach, which relies on the reciprocity theorem. An array of response transducers is installed on the structure, and then only a few locations are excited. There are significant benefits to this method, including the possibility of automation and remote sensing. The cost of hundreds of conventional accelerometers can be prohibitive, and therefore this project investigated using an array of low cost MEMS accelerometers. MEMS are also attractive in that they may be embedded into a composite structure during manufacture. In the study reported here the roving hammer and MEMS array methods are compared by testing a composite vertical stabilizer (tail plane) from an Airbus A320 aircraft. Despite the different test procedures, and the lower quality of the MEMS transducers, it is shown that ail array of low cost MEMS transducers can determine results comparable with those obtained using high performance transducers. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Ratcliffe, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ratcliff@usna.edu NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.11.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 226EF UT WOS:000250569600007 ER PT S AU Joyner, D Kohel, D AF Joyner, David Kohel, David BE Kappe, LC Magidin, A Morse, RF TI Group theory in SAGE SO COMPUTATIONAL GROUP THEORY AND THE THEORY OF GROUPS SE CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Computational Group Theory CY MAR 03-04, 2007 CL Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC SP AMS HO Davidson Coll DE SAGE; GAP; finite group computations AB SAGE is an open source computer algebra system implemented using an object-oriented categorical framework, with methods for objects, methods for their elements, and methods for their morphisms. Currently, SAGE has the ability to deal with abelian groups, permutation groups, and matrix groups over a finite field. This paper will present an overview of the implementations of the group-theoretical algorithms in SAGE, with some examples. We conclude with some possible future directions. C1 [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4365-9 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2008 VL 470 BP 115 EP 139 PG 25 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BIK57 UT WOS:000260412700009 ER PT J AU Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE AF Marchette, David J. Priebe, Carey E. TI Predicting unobserved links in incompletely observed networks SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE random graphs; social networks; covert networks; link prediction; dot product graphs; interstate alliances AB In this paper we consider networks in which the links (edges) are imperfectly observed. This may be a result of sampling, or it may be caused by actors (vertices) who are actively attempting to hide their links (edges). Thus the network is incompletely observed, and we wish to predict which of the possible unobserved links are actually present in the network. To this end, we apply a constrained random dot product graph (CRDPG) to rank the potential edges according to the probability (under the model) that they are in fact present. This model is then extended to utilize covariates measured on the actors, to improve the link prediction. The method is illustrated on a data set of alliances between nations, in which a subset of the links (alliances) is assumed unobserved for the purposes of illustration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marchette, David J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Priebe, Carey E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code Q21, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM dmarchette@gmail.com; cep@jhu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1373 EP 1386 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2007.03.016 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 269SE UT WOS:000253669700010 ER PT B AU Martinez, WL Martinez, AR AF Martinez, Wendy L. Martinez, Angel R. BA Martinez, WL Martinez, AR BF Martinez, WL Martinez, AR TI Computational Statistics Handbook with MATLAB (R) Second Edition Introduction SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS HANDBOOK WITH MATLAB, SECOND EDITION SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer Science and Data Analysis Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PROJECTION-PURSUIT APPROACH; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; EXPLORATORY DATA-ANALYSIS; MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION C1 [Martinez, Wendy L.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Martinez, Angel R.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Martinez, WL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-566-5 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI DATA PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 29 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BJV22 UT WOS:000267236600001 ER PT J AU Furukawa, T Michopoulos, JG AF Furukawa, Tomonari Michopoulos, John G. TI Online planning of multiaxial loading path for elastic material identification SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE loading path planning; multiaxial tests; anisotropic materials; parameter identification; singular value decomposition AB While anisotropic materials provide more capabilities than regular isotropic materials, the directional behavior of the anisotropic materials complicates their elastic and inelastic behavior. Such nonlinear behavior can be effectively observed and characterized by multiaxial testing, but how to plan the loading path of a multiaxial test given a specimen and sensor readings while identifying material properties remains as an untouched issue. This paper presents a methodology that updates the loading path at every sensor reading to identify reliable elastic moduli of anisotropic materials. The multiaxial test must be quantified in order to find an effective loading path. The proposed methodology uses distinguishability and uniqueness as such quantities by firstly analyzing the specimen on a continuum basis and then applying singular value decomposition (SVD). Associating the distinguishability and uniqueness to the reliability of elastic moduli, the path planning problem is formulated such that an effective loading path can be found efficiently by a standard optimization method. Numerical examples first investigate the validity of the distinguishability and the uniqueness as performance measures to evaluate loading paths and the reliability of elastic moduli identified. The efficacy of the proposed methodology has been then confirmed by analyzing it with and applying it to identification of elastic moduli. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Eng, ARC Ctr Excellence Autonomous Syst, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Michopoulos, John G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab,Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Eng, ARC Ctr Excellence Autonomous Syst, J17, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM t.furukawa@unsw.edu.au RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2008 VL 197 IS 9-12 BP 885 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.05.027 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 257JF UT WOS:000252794400001 ER PT S AU Escobar, S Meadows, C Meseguer, J AF Escobar, Santiago Meadows, Catherine Meseguer, Jose BE Jajodia, S Lopez, J TI State Space Reduction in the Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer State Space Reduction in the Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer SO COMPUTER SECURITY - ESORIC 2008, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security CY OCT 06-08, 2008 CL Univ Malaga, Comp Sci Dept, Malaga, SPAIN HO Univ Malaga, Comp Sci Dept ID MODEL AB The Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer (Maude-NPA) is a tool and inference system for reasoning about the security of cryptographic protocols in which the cryptosystems satisfy different equational properties. It both extends and provides a formal framework for the original NRL Protocol Analyzer, which supported equational reasoning in a more limited way. Maude-NPA supports a wide variety of algebraic properties that includes many crypto-systems of interest such as, for example, one-time pads and Diffie-Hellman. Maude-NPA, like the original NPA, looks for attacks by searching backwards from an insecure attack state, and assumes an unbounded number of sessions. Because of the unbounded number of sessions and the support for different equational theories, it is necessary to develop ways of reducing the search space and avoiding infinite search paths. As a result, we have developed a number of state space reduction techniques. In order for the techniques to prove useful, they need not only to speed up the search, but should not violate soundness so that failure to find attacks still guarantees security. In this paper we describe the state space reduction techniques we use. We also provide soundness proofs, and experimental evaluations of their effect on the performance of Maude-NPA. C1 [Escobar, Santiago] Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Meadows, Catherine] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Meseguer, Jose] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 60680 USA. RP Escobar, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. EM sescobar@dsic.upv.es; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; meseguer@cs.uiuc.edu RI Escobar, Santiago/C-9589-2012 OI Escobar, Santiago/0000-0002-3550-4781 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-88312-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5283 BP 548 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIS63 UT WOS:000262462900035 ER PT S AU Hock, V Drozdz, S Seelinger, A Doyle, D AF Hock, Vincent Drozdz, Susan Seelinger, Andrew Doyle, Delmar BE Agarwala, V Bellucci, F Montuori, M Lppolito, J TI Corrosion control cost reduction through improved QA information management - An OSD funded joint Navy army initiative SO CORROSION IN THE MILITARY II SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Corrosion in the Military CY SEP 26-29, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY DE paint; coatings; quality assurance AB When the coating application does not meet the required standards, the lifetime of the coating can be substantially reduced. In the worst case, the coating may catastrophically fail immediately after being placed into service. This ongoing joint project conducted by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Army is intended to demonstrate and provide for the automation of data collection for painting projects on critical structures and the make this data a more effective resource for making effective management decisions for the protection of DoD assets. C1 [Hock, Vincent; Drozdz, Susan] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Seelinger, Andrew] Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. [Doyle, Delmar] Natl Surface Treatment Ctr, Louisville, KY 40208 USA. RP Hock, V (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM vincent.f.hock@erdc.usace.army.mil; susan.a.drozdz@us.army.mil; andrew.seelinger@navy.mil; ddoyle@nstcenter.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-390-6 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2008 VL 38 BP 88 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHU63 UT WOS:000256528300010 ER PT J AU Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Parrish, Damon A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Gilardi, Richard D. Butcher, Raymond J. TI Polymorphs of pieryl bromide SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID BOND PICRYL BROMIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXES; HMX AB Polymorphism is a phenomenon that has been observed often during the rich history of energetic materials development. Different polymorphs of the same compound can have different properties, which, in turn, can lead to substantial alterations in their stability and performance. Two polymorphs of the common energetic precursor, 2,4,6-trinitrobromobenzene (picryl bromide), were discovered in 1933; however, no X-ray crystal structures were reported then or have since been reported. Structural details of the two known polymorphs, the alpha form [triclinic, space group = P (1) over bar, a = 14.8480(17) angstrom, b = 14.8614(17) angstrom, c = 15.3318(17) angstrom, alpha = 72.762(2)degrees, beta = 80.350(2)degrees, gamma = 60.225(2)degrees, V = 2803.8(6) angstrom(3), T = 93(2) K] and the beta form [hexagonal, space group = P6(5), a = 148812(1) angstrom, c = 22.5449(4) angstrom, V = 4323.69(9) angstrom(3), T = 294(2) K] are detailed here. In addition, three new polymorphs are also presented, the gamma form [triclinic, space group = P (1) over bar, a = 14.9166(2) angstrom, b = 14.9424(2) angstrom, c = 30.3888(3) angstrom, alpha = 94.729(1)degrees, beta = 93.754(1)degrees, gamma = 119.925(1)degrees, V = 5805.61(12) angstrom(3), T = 294(2) K], the delta form [trigonal, space group P3(1), a = 14.8610(7) angstrom, c = 44.007(3) angstrom, V = 8416.9(8) angstrom(3), T = 93(2) K], and the epsilon form [triclinic, space group = P1, a = 14.9086(1) angstrom, b = 14.9083(1) angstrom, c = 22.6784(2) angstrom, alpha = 95.245(1)degrees, beta = 90.116(1)degrees, gamma = 119.896(1)degrees, V = 4344.89(6) angstrom(3), T = 293(2) K]. Two different "triad" motifs, consisting of C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds and N-O center dot center dot center dot Br dipole-induced interactions, universal to all five forms of picryl bromide will be discussed, as well as apparent nitro-pi associations between adjacent layers of molecules. C1 [Parrish, Damon A.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Gilardi, Richard D.; Butcher, Raymond J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parrish, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM damon.parrish@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1021/cg700727n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 246ZW UT WOS:000252047900011 ER PT J AU Wu, MJC Cunningham, BB AF Wu, Maj Joy C. Cunningham, Bari B. TI Ectopic acanthosis nigricans occurring in a child after syndactyly repair SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID OCULODENTODIGITAL DYSPLASIA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MANIFESTATIONS; MUTATION AB Skin grafts from the groin area were used to repair syndactyly of the fourth and fifth fingers in an 8-month-old infant with oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODD). At 12 years of age, he developed hyperpigmented velvety plaques at the repair sites. This patient is the first reported case of acanthosis nigricans (AN) occurring in a graft site after syndactyly repair. We propose the term ectopic acanthosis nigricans to describe the phenomenon of AN occurring in transplanted skin away from the original donor site. C1 [Wu, Maj Joy C.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cunningham, Bari B.] Rady Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Cunningham, Bari B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Wu, MJC (reprint author), 8010 Frost St,Suite 602, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM bcunningham@rchsd.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 EI 2326-6929 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 256XN UT WOS:000252763300002 PM 18306842 ER PT S AU Varde, A Bique, S Rundensteiner, E Brown, D Liang, J Sisson, R Sheybani, E Sayre, B AF Varde, Aparna Bique, Stephen Rundensteiner, Elke Brown, David Liang, Jianyu Sisson, Richard Sheybani, Ehsan Sayre, Brian BE Bhowmick, SS Kung, J Wagner, R TI Component selection to optimize distance function learning in complex scientific data sets SO DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Turin, ITALY DE feature selection; data mining; multimedia; scientific analysis AB Analyzing complex scientific data, e.g., graphs and images, often requires comparison of features: regions on graphs, visual aspects of images and related metadata, some features being relatively more important. The notion of similarity for comparison is typically distance between data objects which could be expressed as distance between features. We refer to distance based on each feature as a component. Weights of components representing relative importance of features could be learned using distance function learning algorithms. However, it is seldom known which components optimize learning, given criteria such as accuracy, efficiency and simplicity. This is the problem we address. We propose and theoretically compare four component selection approaches: Maximal Path Traversal, Minimal Path Traversal, Maximal Path Traversal with Pruning and Minimal Path Traversal with Pruning. Experimental evaluation is conducted using real data from Materials Science, Nanotechnology and Bioinformatics. A trademarked software tool is developed as a highlight of this work. C1 [Varde, Aparna] Virginia State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Bique, Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rundensteiner, Elke; Brown, David] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Worcester, MA USA. [Brown, David; Liang, Jianyu; Sisson, Richard] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA USA. [Sisson, Richard] Metal Processing Inst, Ctr Heat Treating Excellence, Worcester, MA USA. [Sheybani, Ehsan] Virginia State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Sayre, Brian] Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Varde, A (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. EM avarde@vsu.edu; stephen.bique@nrl.navy.mil; rundenst@cs.wpi.edu; dcb@cs.wpi.edu; jianyul@wpi.edu; sisson@wpi.edu; esheyban@vsu.edu; bsayre@vsu.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85653-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5181 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIF69 UT WOS:000259140900027 ER PT B AU Sanders, HH AF Sanders, Herbert H. BE Untiedt, KL TI A FAMILY SECRET SO DEATH LORE: TEXAS RITUALS, SUPERSTITIONS, AND LEGENDS OF THE HEREAFTER SE Publications of the Texas Folklore Society LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sanders, Herbert H.] US Navy, Washington, DC 20374 USA. [Sanders, Herbert H.] Southwestern Bell Tel Co, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sanders, Herbert H.] Grayson Cty Community Coll, Denison, TX 75020 USA. [Sanders, Herbert H.] Pottsboro Area Publ Lib, Pottsboro, TX 75076 USA. RP Sanders, HH (reprint author), US Navy, Washington, DC 20374 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTH TEXAS PRESS PI DENTON PA PO BOX 13856, DENTON, TX 76203-3856 USA BN 978-1-57441-374-8; 978-1-57441-256-7 J9 PUBL TEXAS FOLKLORE PY 2008 IS 65 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BA2QN UT WOS:000333767400013 ER PT S AU Hartman, JM AF Hartman, J. M. BE Wijnands, R Altamirano, D Soleri, P Degenaar, N Rea, N Casella, P Patruno, A Linares, M TI The long-term timing of SAX J1808.4-3658 SO DECADE OF ACCRETING MILLISECOND X-RAY PULSARS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Res Sch Astron, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek DE binaries: general; stars: individual (SAX J1808.4-3658); stars: neutron; stars: rotation; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: stars ID BINARY PSR B1957+20; MILLISECOND PULSAR; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ORBITAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; QUIESCENCE; EVOLUTION; EXPLORER; SYSTEM; SPIN AB We present a comprehensive timing study of the 2.5 ms pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, a soft X-ray transient with a recurrence time of roughly 2 years. Using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we construct a phase-connected pulse timing solution for each of four observed outbursts during 1998-2005. We measure a long-term spin down with better than 6 sigma confidence. The rate is (-5.6 +/- 2.0) x 10(-16) Hz s(-1), with most of the change occurring during quiescence, and most likely is due to the magnetic dipole torques from a B = 1.5 x 10(8) G field. We also find that the 2 hr binary orbital period is increasing at a rate of (3.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-12) s s(-1), although it is unclear whether this change reflects secular evolution or short-teen variability. C1 [Hartman, J. M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hartman, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacob.Hartman@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0599-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIR93 UT WOS:000262363000006 ER PT S AU Chakrabarty, D Ray, PS Strohmayer, TR AF Chakrabarty, D. Ray, P. S. Strohmayer, T. R. CA AXTAR Collaboration BE Wijnands, R Altamirano, D Soleri, P Degenaar, N Rea, N Casella, P Patruno, A Linares, M TI The Advanced X-ray Timing Array (AXTAR) SO DECADE OF ACCRETING MILLISECOND X-RAY PULSARS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Res Sch Astron, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek DE Neutron stars; Black holes; X-ray timing ID NEUTRON-STARS; HOT-SPOTS; OSCILLATIONS; BURSTS; AMPLITUDE; EQUATION; STATE AB AXTAR is an X-ray observatory mission concept, currently under study in the U.S., that combines very large collecting area, broadband spectral coverage, high tune resolution, highly flexible scheduling. and an ability to respond promptly to time-critical targets of-opportunity. It is optimized for submillisecond timing of bright Galactic X-ray sources in order to study phenomena at the natural time scales of neutron star surfaces and black hole event horizons, thus probing the physics of ultradense matter. strongly curved spacetimes, and intense magnetic fields. AXTAR's main instrument is a collimated. thick Si pixel detector with 2-50 keV coverage and 8m(2) collecting area. For timing observations of accreting neutron stars and black holes, AXTAR provides at least an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over both RXTE and Constellation-X. AXTAR also carries a sensitive sky monitor that acts as a trigger for pointed observations of X-ray transients and also provides continuous monitoring of the X-ray sky with 20x the sensitivity of tine RXTE ASM. AXTAR builds on detector and electronics technology previously developed for other applications and thus has combines high technical readiness and well understood cost. C1 [Chakrabarty, D.; AXTAR Collaboration] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Strohmayer, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Chakrabarty, D (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0599-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 227 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIR93 UT WOS:000262363000033 ER PT J AU Amara, J AF Amara, Jomana TI NATO DEFENSE EXPENDITURES: COMMON GOALS OR DIVERGING INTERESTS? A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Defense expenditures; NATO; Multiple structural changes; Defense burden ID MILITARY EXPENDITURE; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; MODELS; BURDENS; TESTS AB By testing for structural breaks in defense expenditures, the dates of change in the pattern of defense expenditures for the NATO allies are determined. If NATO members are responding to a common threat, the breaks should be similar, in both direction and dates, for defense expenditures. The breaks should occur during major NATO strategy shifts. The results of the structural analysis tests suggest that NATO allies do not have an integrated response to NATO-specific defense issues. It appears that NATO members, in general, adjusted their defense spending according to economic imperatives, political issues, and ally-specific defense agendas. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Amara, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhamara@nps.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 449 EP 469 AR PII 905670991 DI 10.1080/10242690701823259 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 375CR UT WOS:000261091300005 ER PT J AU Bruneau, TC Matei, FC AF Bruneau, Thomas C. Matei, Florina Cristiana (Cris) TI Towards a New Conceptualization of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations SO DEMOCRATIZATION LA English DT Article DE civil-military relations; security sector reform; security and democracy; trinity of control; effectiveness; efficiency ID ROLES AB The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the contemporary importance for democracy of the relationship between elected leaders and the security forces. It attempts to present a conceptualization and framework to help comprehend what security forces actually do and how they interface with democratic governments. The article aims to extend the conceptual breadth of the literature on civil-military relations beyond control to include two further dimensions - effectiveness and efficiency. The research is based on the authors' experience in conducting programmes for officers and civilians throughout the world in line with at least six different roles and missions of security forces. The conceptualization draws on literature in comparative politics, organization theory, and defence economics, as well as civil-military relations, and security sector reform. C1 [Bruneau, Thomas C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Matei, Florina Cristiana (Cris)] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Civil Mil Relat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bruneau, TC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs Dept, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tbruneau@nps.edu NR 71 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1351-0347 J9 DEMOCRATIZATION JI Democratization PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 909 EP 929 DI 10.1080/13510340802362505 PG 21 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA V11HE UT WOS:000207521900004 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Slatton, KC AF Cobb, J. Tory Slatton, K. Clint BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI A parameterized statistical sonar image texture model - art. no. 69530K SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XIII CY MAR 17, 2007-MAR 20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE autocorrelation function; gamma distribution; K-distribution; sonar; parameter estimation; Rayleigh distribution ID CLUTTER TEXTURES; SIMULATION AB Single-point statistical properties of envelope-detected data such as signal returns from synthetic aperture radar and sonar have traditionally been modeled via the Rayleigh distribution and more recently by the K-distribution. Two-dimensional correlations that occur in textured non-Gaussian imagery are more difficult to model and estimate than Gaussian textures due to the nonlinear transformations of the time series data that occur during envelope detection. In this research, textured sonar imagery is modeled by a correlated K-distribution. The correlated K-distribution is explained via the compound representation of the one-dimensional K-distribution probability density function. After demonstrating the model utility using synthetically generated imagery, model parameters are estimated from a set of textured sonar images using a nonlinear least-squares fit algorithm. Results are discussed with regard to texture segmentation applications. C1 [Cobb, J. Tory] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7144-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6953 BP K9530 EP K9530 DI 10.1117/12.777185 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ29 UT WOS:000257638900014 ER PT J AU Kang, P Dalvie, DK Smith, EB Renner, M AF Kang, Ping Dalvie, Deepak K. Smith, Evan B. Renner, Matt TI BIOACTIVATION OF LUMIRACOXIB BY P450S AND PEROXIDASES SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Kang, Ping] Pfizer, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Dalvie, Deepak K.; Smith, Evan B.] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Renner, Matt] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, La Jolla Reseach Support, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 188 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500181 ER PT J AU Dalvie, D Kang, P Obach, RS Prakash, C Bu, HZ Smith, EB Goulet, L Nedderman, A Hurst, S Loi, CM Smith, DA AF Dalvie, Deepak Kang, Ping Obach, R. Scott Prakash, Chandra Bu, Hai-Zhi Smith, Evan B. Goulet, Lance Nedderman, Angus Hurst, Susan Loi, Cho-Ming Smith, Dennis Allen TI CAN WE MAKE RELIABLE EXTRAPOLATIONS OF HUMAN DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATIONS USING IN VITRO SYSTEMS? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Dalvie, Deepak] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Kang, Ping] Pfizer Inc, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Prakash, Chandra; Hurst, Susan] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Pdm, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Bu, Hai-Zhi; Smith, Evan B.; Goulet, Lance; Loi, Cho-Ming] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Nedderman, Angus] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Dept Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, CA, England. [Smith, Dennis Allen] Pfizer Global R&D, Dept PDM IPC 326, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 210 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500203 ER PT J AU Lee, CA Fenner, KS Kempshall, S Cook, J Ware, JA Troutman, MD AF Lee, Caroline A. Fenner, Katherine S. Kempshall, Sarah Cook, Jack Ware, Joseph Alan Troutman, Matthew D. TI CLINICAL SIGNIFICANT P-GLYCOPROTEIN DRUG INTERACTIONS? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Asian Pacific Region of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics CY MAY 11-13, 2008 CL Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Study Xenobiot HO Univ Shanghai, Sch Pharmacy Fudan C1 [Lee, Caroline A.] Pfizer Inc, La Jolla Labs, Dept PDM, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Fenner, Katherine S.; Kempshall, Sarah] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Pharmacokinet Dynam & Metab, Sandwich, Kent, England. [Cook, Jack] Pfizer, Clin Pharmacol, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Ware, Joseph Alan] Pfizer Global Rsch & Develop, Dept PKDM, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Troutman, Matthew D.] Pfizer Inc, Dept PDM, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2008 VL 40 MA 316 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 434EH UT WOS:000265257500309 ER PT S AU Levin, TE Irvine, CE Nguyen, TD AF Levin, Timothy E. Irvine, Cynthia E. Nguyen, Thuy D. BE Filipe, J Obaidat, MS TI Least Privilege in Separation Kernels SO E-BUSINESS AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS SE COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on E-Business and Telecommunication Networks CY AUG 07-10, 2006 CL Setubal, PORTUGAL DE Assurance; Computer Security; Least Privilege; Separation Kernel AB We extend the separation kernel abstraction to represent the enforcement of the principle of least privilege. In addition to the inter-block flow control policy prescribed by the traditional separation kernel paradigm, we describe an orthogonal. finer-grained flow control policy by extending the protection of elements to subjects and resources. its well as blocks. within it partitioned system. We show how least privilege applied to the actions Of Subjects provides enhanced protection for secure systems. C1 [Levin, Timothy E.; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Nguyen, Thuy D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Levin, TE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-540-70759-2 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2008 VL 9 BP 146 EP 157 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BIK59 UT WOS:000260413300012 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN Wallcraft, AJ Oguz, T AF Kara, A. Birol Barron, Charlie N. Wallcraft, Alan J. Oguz, Temel TI Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Height over the Black Sea: Relation to Climatic Patterns SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE sea surface height (SSH); Black Sea; altimeter ID LAYER AB Sea surface height (SSH) variability is presented over the Black Sea during 1993-2005. The 1/4 degrees x 1/4 degrees resolution daily SSH fields are formed using optimal interpolation of available altimeter data. SSH variability reveals distinct maxima in the eastern and western basins, reflecting variations in the corresponding gyres. A joint examination of SSH and sea surface temperature (SST) indicates strong relationship between the two only in winter, with correlations as high as 0.6 or more. This would reflect a steric change in sea surface height due to thermal expansion averaged over a relatively deep winter mixed layer. Newly developed SSH fields also demonstrate a switch to the positive mode of SSH starting from the end of 1996 lasting approximate to 4 yr. Such a climatic shift is found to be strongly related to large-scale teleconnection patterns. Finally, the daily SSH and SST anomaly fields presented in this paper can supplement various applications in the Black Sea, such as examination of biological production and mesoscale eddy dynamics. C1 [Kara, A. Birol; Barron, Charlie N.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Oguz, Temel] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2008 VL 12 AR 10 DI 10.1175/2008EI259.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336DK UT WOS:000258344300003 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Garsany, Y Baturina, O Swider-Lyons, KE Stroud, RM Ramaker, DE Schull, TL AF Pietron, J. J. Garsany, Y. Baturina, O. Swider-Lyons, K. E. Stroud, R. M. Ramaker, D. E. Schull, T. L. TI Electrochemical observation of ligand effects on oxygen reduction at ligand-stabilized Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOCLUSTERS; PLATINUM-MONOLAYER; WATER ACTIVATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; CATALYSTS; ALLOY; ELECTRODE AB We investigate the effect of triphenylphosphine triphosphonate, TPPTP, on the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at ligand-stabilized Pt nanoparticles (Pt(2.1 nm)-TPPTP). The Pt(2.1 nm)-TPPTP catalyst supported on Vulcan carbon (VC) (Pt(2.1 mm)-TPPTP/VC) adsorbs and desorbs oxygen +40 mV vs the potential for bare Pt nanoparticles supported on VC (Pt(2.4 nm)/VC), as measured by cyclic voltammetry in Ar-saturated 0.1 M HClO(4). The area-specific ORR activity (i(s)) of Pt in the Pt(2.1)-TPPTP/VC catalyst is similar to 22% higher than that of Pt(2.4 nm)/VC, as measured by rotating disk electrode voltammetry. These results suggest that the TPPTP ligand weakens the Pt-O bond, resulting in the observed kinetic enhancement of the ORR. C1 [Pietron, J. J.; Garsany, Y.; Swider-Lyons, K. E.; Stroud, R. M.; Schull, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baturina, O.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Ramaker, D. E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP B161 EP B165 DI 10.1149/1.2937448 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 312XQ UT WOS:000256706100015 ER PT J AU Newman, CID CollinS, GE AF Newman, Carl I. D. CollinS, Greg E. TI Advances in CE for kinetic studies SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE CE; experimental methods; kinetics; rate constants; theory ID AFFINITY CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; DYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; RATE CONSTANTS; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROLINE DIPEPTIDES; COMPLEX-FORMATION; DNA INTERACTIONS; PLATE HEIGHT AB CE is a promising technique for the investigation of molecular interactions because it affords evaluation of multiple interaction modes, does not require immobilization of molecules, and has no dead time. In order to perform these investigations, numerous methods have been developed for determining binding constants and other thermodynamic parameters. These methods have been reviewed extensively in recent years. However, methods for determining the rates of reaction are less prolific. Nonetheless, numerous theoretical and experimental advances have been made in recent years to address this discrepancy. Some of these methods employ computer simulations to determine first-order or second-order rate constants numerically, whereas other methods calculate rate constants directly as solutions to analytical equations. It is the object of this review to provide descriptions of these methods in terms of their underlying assumptions, experimental methodology, calculation of rate constants, and inherent limitations. C1 [Newman, Carl I. D.] Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [CollinS, Greg E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Newman, CID (reprint author), Strateg Anal Inc, 4075 Wilson Blvd,Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM newman.carl@gmail.com NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1002/elps.200700086 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 257VJ UT WOS:000252826500006 PM 18058766 ER PT B AU Ortiz, A Dalessandro, D Qing, D Bai, L Biswas, S AF Ortiz, Albert Dalessandro, Don Qing, Dong Bai, Li Biswas, Saroj BE Bruzzone, A Longo, F Piera, MA Aguilar, RM Frydman, C TI Analysis of Shipboard Survivable Fire Main Systems SO EMSS 2008: 20TH EUROPEAN MODELING AND SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Modeling and Simulation Symposium CY SEP 17-19, 2008 CL Amantea, ITALY SP Univ Calabria, Mech Dept, MSC-LES Modelin and Simulat Ctr, Lab Enterprise Solut, Univ Genoa, DIPTEM, Liophant Simulat, IEEE, Soc Comp Simulat Int, McLeod Inst Simula Sci, Modeling & Simulat Network, Int Mediterranean and Latin Amer Council Simulat, Auton Univ Barcelona, Univ La Laguna, Management & Adv Solut & Technol, Tonno Callipo, Liquiriszie Amarelli, Giulio Barca Prodotti Pelle DE survivability; reliability; k-out-of-n:G system; reconfiguration AB This paper presents a study for the shipboard fire main systems using a new probabilistic approach to analyze the survivability of a system. Similarities and differences between survivability and reliability analysis are compared. In a reliability model, one can describe a kout-of-n:G system (k <= n), in which the component system is valid only if any k or more components function. The system can also be configured into an initial k-out-of-n:G model with m backup components (0 <= m <= n). If the system cannot perform its intended function, the m backup components will be reconfigured with the remaining working components into a new form to sustain system function. Academia refers to such studies to calculate the system successful probabilities as the survivability analysis. In this paper, we focus on the survivability analysis of a shipboard fire main piping system. This study could potentially be used to analyze the survivability of power network systems, dependable secure computing systems, military reconfigurable information systems, and other large reconfigurable network systems. C1 [Ortiz, Albert; Dalessandro, Don; Qing, Dong] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Ortiz, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Navy, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIPTIM-UNIV GENOA BN 978-88-903724-0-7 PY 2008 BP 841 EP 846 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BNT88 UT WOS:000275530400121 ER PT J AU Kramer, KE Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL Cramer, J Johnson, KJ AF Kramer, Kirsten E. Morris, Robert E. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Cramer, Jeffrey Johnson, Kevin J. TI Statistical significance testing as a guide to partial least-squares (PLS) modeling of nonideal data sets for fuel property predictions SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OCTANE NUMBERS; REGRESSION; DESIGN; UNCERTAINTY; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRA; ERROR AB Partial least-squares (PLS) was used to formulate property models for a set of 43 jet fuel samples using near-infrared (NIR), Raman, and gas chromatography (GC) data. A total of 28 different properties were evaluated for each technique. Given that the data set was small and several of the property distributions were nonideal, significance testing was used for model formulation and evaluation. A statistical F test was applied for selection of latent variables, determining the significance level of the model compared to random chance and evaluating the increase in prediction error when the expected sources of error were fully incorporated. A chart was used to categorize the confidence in the modeling ability as high, low, or indeterminate with the given data set. C1 [Kramer, Kirsten E.; Morris, Robert E.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Cramer, Jeffrey; Johnson, Kevin J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1021/ef700403s PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 252GJ UT WOS:000252434700075 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Williams, CL Clem, T Haeger, SD Ward, M AF Chu, P. C. Williams, C. L. Clem, T. Haeger, S. D. Ward, M. BE Brebbia, CA TI Environmental impact on chemical/oil spill in the Persian Gulf SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN COASTAL REGIONS VII SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions CY FEB 19-MAY 21, 2008 CL New Forest, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol, WIT Transact Ecol & Environm DE chemical spill; oil spill; Persian Gulf; Strait of Hormuz; COAMPS; NCOM; HPAC; CHEMMAP; OILMAP AB An attack on, or chemical spill near Iraq's oil terminals could have disastrous effects on the economy. The impact from chemical spill is highly dependent upon environmental conditions that can either adversely affect continued operations or hinder the safety of personnel. Operational planners' ability to create legitimate scenarios to train and combat these, situations is the key to continued safe operation of the terminals. To accomplish this, planners must understand the impacts of using climatology versus near real-time data in the evaluation of the scenarios. This study demonstrates great impact of using near real-time environmental conditions, provided by a coupled ocean-atmospheric circulation-chemical model with data assimilation scheme, for operational planners. C1 [Chu, P. C.; Williams, C. L.; Clem, T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 978-1-84564-108-5 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2008 VL 99 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BHZ61 UT WOS:000257704800014 ER PT B AU Kumar, P Cornejo, O Dutta, I Subbarayan, G Gupta, V AF Kumar, P. Cornejo, O. Dutta, I. Subbarayan, G. Gupta, V. GP IEEE TI Joint Scale Dependence of Aging Kinetics in Sn-Ag-Cu Solders SO EPTC: 2008 10TH ELECTRONICS PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Electronics Packaging Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Electronics Packing Technology Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Reliabil, CPMT, ED Singapore Chapter, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bureau, Uniquely Singapore, Agcy Sci, Technol & Res, ASM, phoenix x ray, UTAC, WTech ID LEAD-FREE SOLDERS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; CREEP; ALLOYS; GROWTH; INTERCONNECTS; FATIGUE; PLATE AB Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solders are susceptible to appreciable microstructural coarsening during storage or service, resulting ill evolution Of joint properties, and hence reliability, over time. Although the problem of microstructural coarsening in joints has been studied extensively, the effect of joint scale oil aging kinetics has never been investigated. Understanding the scale dependence of aging is particularly relevant in light of the Continual decrease in joint sizes and the increased reliability demands placed oil solder joints. This paper compares the coarsening behavior of a bulk Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder with that of small joints (650 mu m diameter) attached to bond-pads with a Ni-based surface finish, and shows that the aging behavior displays significant joint-scale dependence. Not only do Ag3Sn precipitates ill small joints coarsen faster, the coarsening is more rapid nearer the bond-pads than farther away. Through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis of the solder-pad interlaces, it is determined that these effects are attributable to the depletion of Cu from the small solder joints due to solution / reaction with the Ni present in the bond-pads. Longer aging times enhance this depiction. Based oil an analytical model, it is shown that the coarsening kinetics of the Ag3Sn precipitates depends directly oil the solubility limit of Ag in Sri. As a result, smaller joint,,, which would show greater Cu depletion and hence higher Ag Solubility, would display faster Ag3Sn coarsening kinetics. Furthermore, there is greater Cu depletion from the solder nearer the solder-pad interfaces, and hence the coarsening kinetics are faster near the interfaces than in the middle of the joint, giving rise to spatially inhomogeneous coarsening.. C1 [Kumar, P.; Dutta, I.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Kumar, P.; Cornejo, O.; Dutta, I.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Subbarayan, G.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gupta, V.] Texas Instruments Inc, Semicond Packaging Div, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RI Kumar, Praveen/C-2011-2015 OI Kumar, Praveen/0000-0002-8890-9969 FU Semiconductor Research Corporation FX This research was supported by a grant from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (task no. 1630, Texas Instruments customization). NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2117-6 J9 EL PACKAG TECH CONF PY 2008 BP 903 EP + DI 10.1109/EPTC.2008.4763545 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH30 UT WOS:000265818600142 ER PT J AU Boers, Y Ehlers, F Koch, W Luginbuhl, T Stone, LD Streit, RL AF Boers, Yvo Ehlers, Frank Koch, Wolfgang Luginbuhl, Tod Stone, Lawrence D. Streit, Roy L. TI Track before detect algorithms SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ehlers, Frank] NATO Res Ctr, NURC, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Boers, Yvo] Thales Nederland BV, Surface Radar, NL-7554 PA Hengelo, Netherlands. [Koch, Wolfgang] German Def Estab FGAN FKIE, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany. [Luginbuhl, Tod] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Stone, Lawrence D.; Streit, Roy L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Ehlers, F (reprint author), NATO Res Ctr, NURC, Viale S Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM frankehlers@ieee.org NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2008 AR 413932 DI 10.1155/2008/413932 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 312LY UT WOS:000256674100001 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA Walsh, MJ AF Wettergren, Thomas A. Walsh, Michael J. TI Localization accuracy of track-before-detect search strategies for distributed sensor networks SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB The localization accuracy of a track-before-detect search for a target moving across a distributed sensor field is examined in this paper. The localization accuracy of the search is defined in terms of the area of intersection of the spatial-temporal sensor coverage regions, as seen from the perspective of the target. The expected value and variance of this area are derived for sensors distributed randomly according to an arbitrary distribution function. These expressions provide an important design objective for use in the planning of distributed sensor fields. Several examples are provided that experimentally validate the analytical results. Copyright (C) 2008 C1 [Wettergren, Thomas A.; Walsh, Michael J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2008 AR 264638 DI 10.1155/2008/264638 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 246SB UT WOS:000252026200001 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, R. B. Gettrust, J. F. TI Can a difference in molecular weights cause an eruption in a driven flow of self-organizing immiscible system? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING LATTICE-GAS; PHASE-SEPARATION; BINARY-MIXTURES; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB Driven flow of a non-equilibrium non-conservative (NENC) system with a mixture of immiscible particles (A,B of molecular weight M-A, M-B) exhibits self-organizing patterns (segregation, phase-separation, etc.) in steady-state. The flow response (v) of mass flux density (j) to bias (H), v = partial derivative j/partial derivative H in steady-state is found to be sensitive to molecular weight ratio (alpha = M-B/M-A). While the flux density (j) responds linearly to bias for both components (A, B) at alpha = 1, onset of eruptive response occurs at extreme bias (H -> 1) at alpha > 1 where v -> infinity for heavier (B) and v -> -infinity for lighter (A) constituents. Difference in molecular weights (M-A, M-B) is not only critical to eruptive flow but also in controlling the flow response prior to this crossover. C1 [Pandey, R. B.; Gettrust, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2008-00030-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257OP UT WOS:000252808700008 ER PT S AU Lazio, J AF Lazio, Joseph BE Minchin, R Momjian, E TI The Square Kilometer Array SO EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES THROUGH THE NEUTRAL HYDROGEN WINDOW SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution of Galaxies Through the Neutral Hydrogen Window CY FEB 01-03, 2008 CL Arecibo, PR SP Natl Astron & Lonosphere Ctr, Natl Radio Aston Observ DE instrumentation : interferometers; surveys; galaxies : ISM; cosmology : observations ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; QUASAR; EPOCH AB The Square Kilometer Array is intended to be the centimeter- and meter-wavelength telescope for the 21(st) century. Originally proposed as the "hydrogen telescope," the 21-cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen continues to play a significant role in the Key Science Projects envisioned for the SKA. The 21-cm emission from galaxies will be used both as a means of tracking galaxy evolution over a significant era in the Universe's history as well as a tracer of mass for cosmological studies. The 21-cm emission and absorption from the intergalactic medium itself at the time of the Epoch of Reionization will be traced to follow the evolution of this crucial phase of the Universe's history. A number of telescopes both those currently in operation and under construction, and notably including Arecibo, will provide crucial pathfinding developments, technically, algorithmically, and scientifically. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0558-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1035 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID17 UT WOS:000258503000057 ER PT S AU Cortesi, RS Galloway, KS Justh, EW AF Cortesi, Roger S. Galloway, Kevin S. Justh, Eric W. BE Blowers, M Sisti, AF TI A biologically inspired approach to modeling unmanned vehicle teams SO EVOLUTIONARY AND BIO-INSPIRED COMPUTATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolutionary and Bio-Inspired Computation - Theory and Applications II CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE swarming; boat modeling; unmanned vehicle control; agile teams; pursuit ID STEERING LAWS; CAMOUFLAGE; MOTION AB Cooperative motion control of teams of agile unmanned vehicles presents modeling challenges at several levels. The "microscopic equations" describing individual vehicle dynamics and their interaction with the environment may be known fairly precisely, but are generally too complicated to yield qualitative insights at the level of multi-vehicle trajectory coordination. Interacting particle models are suitable for coordinating trajectories, but require care to ensure that individual vehicles are not driven in a "costly" manner. From the point of view of the cooperative motion controller, the individual vehicle autopilots serve to "shape" the microscopic equations, and we have been exploring the interplay between autopilots and cooperative motion controllers using a multi-vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulator. Specifically, we seek refinements to interacting particle models in order to better describe observed behavior, without sacrificing qualitative understanding. A recent analogous example from biology involves introducing a fixed delay into a curvature-control-based feedback law for prey capture by an echolocating bat. This delay captures both neural processing time and the flight-dynamic response of the bat as it uses sensor-driven feedback. We propose a comparable approach for unmanned vehicle modeling; however, in contrast to the bat, with unmanned vehicles we have an additional freedom to modify the autopilot. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this biologically guided modeling approach. C1 [Cortesi, Roger S.; Galloway, Kevin S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cortesi, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5775,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roger.cortesi@nrl.navy.mil; kevin.galloway@nrl.navy.mil; eric.justh@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7155-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6964 AR 696405 DI 10.1117/12.778373 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BHZ64 UT WOS:000257705100004 ER PT B AU Bartholdi, JJ Gue, KR Kang, K AF Bartholdi, John J., III Gue, Kevin R. Kang, Keebom BA Lahmar, M BF Lahmar, M TI Staging Protocols for Unit-Load Crossdocking SO FACILITY LOGISTICS: APPROACHES AND SOLUTIONS TO NEXT GENERATION CHALLENGES SE Resource Management-CRC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB To reduce inventory and transportation costs, many distributors use a logistics technique called "crossdocking," in which products in a warehouse move directly from inbound to outbound vehicles, without storage in between. Although products are rarely stored outright, they are often staged on the dock temporarily to facilitate value-added services, to allow efficient loading of outbound trailers, or simply to accommodate unavoidable imbalances in flow. We identify, classify, and compare different protocols for staging pallets in a crossdock, and introduce a new kind of queue, called a "staging queue," with which we model staging in the most common protocols. C1 [Bartholdi, John J., III] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Gue, Kevin R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kang, Keebom] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Polidy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Bartholdi, JJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-8493-8518-6 J9 RESOURCE MANAG-CRC PY 2008 BP 153 EP 171 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BJW86 UT WOS:000267330800007 ER PT S AU Powers, JP Pace, PE AF Powers, John P. Pace, Phillip E. BE Broeng, J Headley, C TI An actively mode-locked fiber laser for sampling in a wide-bandwidth opto-electronic analog-to-digital converter SO FIBER LASERS V: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers V CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IPG Photon DE analog-to-digital converter; ADC; optical sampling; fiber laser; mode-locked laser AB We have designed, built and tested an actively mode-locked fiber laser, operating at 1550 nm, for use as the sampling waveform in an opto-electronic analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Analysis shows that, in order to digitize a 10-GHz signal to 10 bits of resolution, the sampling pulsewidth must be less than 2.44 ps, the RMS timing jitter must be below 31.0 fs, and the RMS amplitude jitter must be below 0.195%. Fiber lasers have proven to have the capability to narrowly exceed these operating requirements. The fiber laser is a "sigma" laser consisting of Er-doped gain medium, dispersion-compensating fiber, nonlinear fiber, a Faraday rotation mirror, polarization-maintaining fiber and components, and diode pump lasers. The active mode-locking is achieved by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator, driven by a frequency synthesizer operating at the desired sampling rate. A piezo-electric element is used in a feedback control loop to stabilize the output PRF against environmental changes. Measurements of the laser output revealed the maximum nominal PRF to be 16 GHz, the nominal pulsewidth to be 7.2 ps, and the nominal RNS timing jitter to be 386 fs. Incorporating this laser into a sampling ADC would allow us to sample a 805-MHz bandwidth signal to a resolution of 10 bits as limited by timing jitter. Techniques to reduce the timing-jitter bottleneck are discussed. C1 [Powers, John P.; Pace, Phillip E.] USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Powers, JP (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7048-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6873 BP U426 EP U432 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BHQ78 UT WOS:000255547100060 ER PT S AU DeLooze, LL AF DeLooze, Lori L. GP IEEE TI Counter Hack: Creating a Context for a Cyber Forensics Course SO FIE: 2008 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Frontiers in Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference 2008 CY OCT 22-25, 2008 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP IEEE DE Computer Security; Forensics; Counter Hacking AB A typical hacker follows the "hacker methodology" by going through the following distinct phases: Footprinting, Probing, Gaining Access, Escalating Privileges, Exploiting, Covering Tracks and Installing Backdoors. This hacker methodology is used to direct the overall forensic process. Many of these phases leave artifacts that can be examined by a forensic investigator to piece together an incident. We designed a cyber forensic course that begins with a background of computer media and file systems, and then looks at static files, network logs and volatile system data. Students who understand how a typical hacker operates will be able to discover appropriate clues, and may even be able to prevent future destruction or disruption. C1 [DeLooze, Lori L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM delooze@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 978-1-4244-1969-2 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 2008 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BMA59 UT WOS:000271669200036 ER PT B AU Culhane, JL Hara, H Watanabe, T Matsuzaki, K Harra, LK Cargill, P Mariska, JT Doschek, GA AF Culhane, J. L. Hara, H. Watanabe, T. Matsuzaki, K. Harra, L. K. Cargill, P. Mariska, J. T. Doschek, G. A. BE Matthews, SA Davis, JM Harra, LK TI Long Duration Flare Observed with Hinode EIS SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND HO Trinity Coll Dublin ID SOLAR-FLARE AB The first Long Duration Event (LDE) observed with Hinode EIS using a high spectral resolution raster scan is described. The hot plasma features include a cusp-shaped arcade associated with a thermal RHESSI source, cooling post-flare loops, complex plasma flows and an EIT observation that shows expanding loops and inflows characteristic of the standard magnetic reconnection model for solar flares. A Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is also seen by LASCO. The cusp is well observed in the Ca XVII line and we find enhanced line broadening above this region. Doppler velocity observations for the post-flare loops show both up-flows and clown-flows that are interpreted as due to siphon flows. C1 [Culhane, J. L.; Harra, L. K.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Hara, H.; Watanabe, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. [Matsuzaki, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Cargill, P.] Imperial Coll, Space & Atmospher Phys, London, England. [Mariska, J. T.; Doschek, G. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Culhane, JL (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-664-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 397 BP 121 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK74 UT WOS:000260431200028 ER PT S AU Ferraro, MS Freeman, WT Mahon, R Murphy, JL Goetz, PG Colbert, M Rabinovich, WS Burris, HR Moore, CI Clark, WR Waters, WD AF Ferraro, Mike S. Freeman, Wade T. Mahon, Rita Murphy, James L. Goetz, Peter G. Colbert, Michael Rabinovich, William S. Burris, Harris R. Moore, Christopher I. Clark, William R. Waters, William D. BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Large area adaptive avalanche photodetector arrays for free-space optical communication SO FREE - SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space laser communication; avalanche photodiode; atmospheric turbulence AB in free space optical communication systems, atmospheric turbulence makes it very difficult to focus transmitted laser power onto small, low capacitance photodetectors. The obvious challenge, therefore, is to take advantage of larger area photodiodes without sacrificing a great deal of bandwidth and sensitivity in the process. In this work, we report on a high sensitivity, high speed adaptive avalanche photodetector array for free-space optical communication. The receiver consists of a 2x2 InGaAs APD array with each 100um element in the array having its own dedicated trans-impedance amplifier and buffering stage. The corresponding voltage outputs for each element arc processed through a four channel digital, fast switching and summation circuit. The resulting signal is selectable to be either that of the element in the array with the greatest signal response or the sum of multiple or all channels. Design requirements, laboratory sensitivity measurements, and field testing results are presented. C1 [Ferraro, Mike S.; Mahon, Rita; Murphy, James L.; Goetz, Peter G.; Rabinovich, William S.; Burris, Harris R.; Moore, Christopher I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferraro, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7091 AR 70910J DI 10.1117/12.798915 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIO84 UT WOS:000261377600015 ER PT S AU Kim, DS Gilbreath, GC Doffoh, J Font, CO Suite, M AF Kim, David S. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Doffoh, Jonathan Font, Carlos O. Suite, Michele BE Majumdar, AK Davis, CC TI Hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency switching SO FREE - SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication CY AUG 10-12, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE FSO RF Hybrid Communications; Packet Switching; Optical RF Switching AB We describe characterization of a hybrid Free-Space Optical (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) link for efficient switching between the two links. The monitoring and switching are controlled by a program that checks the FSO connection health using echo packets. The switching program was tested using a fiber optic link that can simulate atmospheric attenuation and scintillation effects by using an optical modulator. The sensitivity to connection quality degradation and momentary connection outages can be optimized for a given system. Connection quality dependent switching rather than continuous operation of both FSO and RF links is desired in situations where RF use is to be minimized, while maintaining high reliability. C1 [Kim, David S.; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine; Doffoh, Jonathan; Font, Carlos O.; Suite, Michele] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7091 AR 70910X DI 10.1117/12.803633 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIO84 UT WOS:000261377600028 ER PT B AU Boboltz, DA Wittkowski, M AF Boboltz, D. A. Wittkowski, M. BE Bridle, AH TI Coordinated science with the VLBA and the VLTI SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Boboltz, D. A.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300031 ER PT B AU Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Ojha, R AF Fey, A. L. Boboltz, D. A. Ojha, R. BE Bridle, AH TI The proper motion of 4C 39.25 revisited SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Fey, A. L.; Boboltz, D. A.; Ojha, R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM afey@usno.navy.mil; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; rojha@usno.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 366 EP 366 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300036 ER PT B AU Kassim, NE Erickson, WC AF Kassim, N. E. Erickson, W. C. CA SW Consortium BE Bridle, AH TI Towards the long wavelength array SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; bill.erickson@utas.edu.au NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 368 EP 368 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300038 ER PT B AU Lane, WM Cohen, AS Cotton, WD Perley, RA Condon, JJ Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Erickson, WC AF Lane, W. M. Cohen, A. S. Cotton, W. D. Perley, R. A. Condon, J. J. Lazio, T. J. W. Kassim, N. E. Erickson, W. C. BE Bridle, AH TI The VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Lane, W. M.; Cohen, A. S.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jcondon@nrao.edu; Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; kassim@nrl.navy.mil; bill.erickson@utas.edu.au NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300040 ER PT B AU Lazio, J Ojha, R Fey, AL Kedziora-Chudczer, L Cordes, JM Jauncey, DL Lovell, JE AF Lazio, J. Ojha, R. Fey, A. L. Kedziora-Chudczer, L. Cordes, J. M. Jauncey, D. L. Lovell, J. E. BE Bridle, AH TI Milliarcsecond observations of microarcsecond AGN SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Lazio, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; rojha@usno.navy.mil; afey@usno.navy.mil; cordes@astro.cornell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 372 EP 372 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300042 ER PT B AU Ojha, R Pursimo, T Jauncey, DL Lovell, JE Macquart, JP Dutka, MS AF Ojha, Roopesh Pursimo, Tapio Jauncey, David L. Lovell, James E. Macquart, Jean-Pierre Dutka, Michael S. BE Bridle, AH TI Redshift studies of scintillating and non-scintillating extragalactic radio sources: Direct detection of the ionized intergalactic medium? SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Ojha, Roopesh] USN Observ, NVI, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM rojha@usno.navy.mil; jmacquar@nrao.edu RI Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300045 ER PT S AU Finke, JD Dermer, CD Bottcher, M AF Finke, Justin D. Dermer, Charles D. Bottcher, Markus BE Galassi, M Palmer, D Fenimore, E TI Nonthermal synchrotron and synchrotron self-compton emission from GRBs: Predictions for Swift and GLAST SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc DE radiation processes : nonthermal; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HIGH-ENERGY; SPECTRA; MODEL AB Results of a leptonic jet model for the prompt emission and early afterglows of GRBs are presented. The synchrotron component is modeled with the canonical Band spectrum and the synchrotron self-Compton component is calculated from the implied synchrotron-emitting electron spectrum in a relativistic plasma blob. In the comoving frame the magnetic field is assumed to be tangled and the electron and photon distributions are assumed to be isotropic. The Compton-scattered spectrum is calculated using the full Compton cross-section in the Thomson through Klein-Nishina using the Jones formula. Pair production photoabsorption, both from ambient radiation in the jet and from the extragalactic background light (EBL), is taken into account. Results are presented as a function of a small set of parameters: the Doppler factor, the observed variability timescale, the comoving magnetic field, the peak synchrotron flux, and the redshift of the burst. Model predictions will be tested by multiwavelength observations, including the Swift and GLAST satellites, which will provide unprecedented coverage of GRBs. C1 [Finke, Justin D.; Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Finke, Justin D.; Dermer, Charles D.; Bottcher, Markus] Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NASA [DPR-NNG05ED411]; NASA GLAST [DPR-S-1563-Y]; M.B.to NRL FX C.D.D. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work of J.D.F. is supported by NASA Swift Guest Investigator Grant DPR-NNG05ED411 and NASA GLAST Science Investigation DPR-S-1563-Y, which also supported a visit by M.B.to NRL. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0533-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1000 BP 385 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHT72 UT WOS:000256301400088 ER PT S AU Falcone, AD Williams, DA Baring, MG Blandford, R Connaughton, V Coppi, P Dermer, C Dingus, B Fryer, C Gehrels, N Granot, J Horan, D Katz, JI Kuehn, K Meszaros, P Norris, J Parkinson, PS Pe'er, A Ramirez-Ruiz, E Razzaque, S Wang, X Zhang, B AF Falcone, A. D. Williams, D. A. Baring, M. G. Blandford, R. Connaughton, V. Coppi, P. Dermer, C. Dingus, B. Fryer, C. Gehrels, N. Granot, J. Horan, D. Katz, J. I. Kuehn, K. Meszaros, P. Norris, J. Parkinson, P. Saz Pe'er, A. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Razzaque, S. Wang, X. Zhang, B. BE Galassi, M Palmer, D Fenimore, E TI The gamma ray burst section of the white paper on the status and future of very high energy gamma ray astronomy: A brief preliminary report SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Santa Fe Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc DE GRBs; VBE gamma-rays ID GRB 970417A; 1ST SURVEY; FLARES; SWIFT; AFTERGLOWS; EMISSION; TEV AB This is a short report on the preliminary findings of the gamma ray burst (GRB) working group for the white paper on the status and future of very high energy (VBE; >50 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. The white paper discusses the status of past and current attempts to observe GRBs at GeV-TeV energies, including a handful of low-significance, possible detections. The white paper concentrates on the potential of future ground-based gamma-ray experiments to observe the highest energy emission ever recorded for GRBs, particularly for those that are nearby and have high Lorentz factors in the GRB jet. It is clear that the detection of VBE emission would have strong implications for GRB models, as well as cosmic ray origin. In particular, the extended emission phase (including both afterglow emission and possible flaring) of nearby long GRBs could provide the best possibility for detection. The difficult-to-obtain observations during the prompt phase of nearby long GRBs and short GRBs could also provide particularly strong constraints on the opacity and bulk Lorentz factors surrounding the acceleration site. The synergy with upcoming and existing observatories will, of course, be critical for both identification of GRBs and for multiwavelength/multi messenger studies. C1 [Falcone, A. D.; Meszaros, P.; Wang, X.] Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, D. A.; Parkinson, P. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Blandford, R.; Granot, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Connaughton, V.] Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Coppi, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Dermer, C.; Razzaque, S.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dingus, B.; Fryer, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Katz, J. I.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kuehn, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Norris, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pe'er, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ramirez-Ruiz, E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Zhang, B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Falcone, AD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0533-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1000 BP 611 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHT72 UT WOS:000256301400136 ER PT J AU Furman, DL Patel, SK Arluk, GM AF Furman, David L. Patel, Sugat K. Arluk, Glen M. TI Endoscopic and histologic appearance of rectal syphilis SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Furman, David L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Patel, Sugat K.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Arluk, Glen M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Gastroenterol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Furman, DL (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 67 IS 1 BP 161 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2007.07.020 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 252AW UT WOS:000252418200041 PM 18028915 ER PT J AU Eckman, JE Andres, MS Marinelli, RL Bowlin, E Reid, RP Aspden, RJ Paterson, DM AF Eckman, J. E. Andres, M. S. Marinelli, R. L. Bowlin, E. Reid, R. P. Aspden, R. J. Paterson, D. M. TI Wave and sediment dynamics along a shallow subtidal sandy beach inhabited by modern stromatolites SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODERN MARINE STROMATOLITES; MICROBIAL MATS; BAHAMAS AB To help define the habitat of modern marine stromatolites, wave-dominated flow and sediment transport were studied in the shallow subtidal region (1-2 m depth) along the slightly concave, windward face of Highborne Cay, Exuma, Bahamas - the only face of the cay that includes a population of stromatolites concentrated near the region of highest curvature of the beach. Wave energy impacting this island's most exposed beach was driven by local wind forcing which increases largely in response to the passage of atmospheric disturbances that typically affect the region for periods of a few days. Although some wave energy is almost always noted (maximum horizontal orbital speeds at the bottom are rarely < 10 cm s(-1)), wave conditions remain comparatively calm until local winds increase above speeds of approximate to 3-4 m s(-1) at which point maximum wave speeds rapidly increase to 50-80 cm s(-1). Stromatolites, which are largely restricted to the shoreward side of a shallow platform reef, are sheltered by the reef beyond which wave speeds are one to four times higher (depending on tidal stage). Moreover, stromatolite populations are predominantly found along a region of this wave-exposed beach that experiences comparatively reduced wave energy because of the curved morphology of the island's face. Maximum wave speeds are 1.4 to 2 times higher along more northern sections of the beach just beyond the locus of stromatolite populations. A quantitative model of sediment transport was developed that accurately predicted accumulation of suspended sediment in sediment traps deployed in the shallow subtidal zone along this beach. This model, coupled with in situ wave records, indicates that gross rates of suspended sediment deposition should be two to three times higher northward of the main stromatolite populations. Regions of the beach containing stromatolites nevertheless should experience significant rates of gross suspended sediment deposition averaging 7-10 g cm(-2) day(-1) (approximate to 4-6 cm day(-1)). Results suggest that one axis of the habitat of modern marine stromatolites may be defined by a comparatively narrow range of flow energy and sediment transport conditions. C1 [Eckman, J. E.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Andres, M. S.; Bowlin, E.; Reid, R. P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Marinelli, R. L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm & Estuarine Studies, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Aspden, R. J.; Paterson, D. M.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Res Inst, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Eckman, JE (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 32,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM jim.eckman@navy.mil RI Paterson, David/D-5202-2013 OI Paterson, David/0000-0003-1174-6476 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00133.x PG 12 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 244IU UT WOS:000251860400003 PM 18380883 ER PT J AU Eaton-Magana, S Post, JE Heaney, PJ Freitas, J Klein, P Walters, R Butler, JE AF Eaton-Magana, Sally Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Freitas, Jaime Klein, Paul Walters, Roy Butler, James E. TI Using phosphorescence as a fingerprint for the Hope and other blue diamonds SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphorescence; type-IIb diamond; donor-acceptor pair recombination; fingerprinting ID ACCEPTOR PAIR RECOMBINATION AB Sixty-seven natural blue diamonds, including the two largest such gemstones known (the Hope and the Blue Heart), were probed by ultraviolet radiation, and their luminescence was analyzed using a novel spectrometer system. Prior to this study, the fiery red phosphorescence of the Hope Diamond was regarded as quite rare compared to greenish-blue phosphorescence. However, our results demonstrated that virtually all blue diamonds phosphoresce at 660 mn (orange-red) but that this emission often is obscured by a concomitant luminescence at 500 run (green-blue). Although both bands were nearly always present, the relative intensities of these emissions and their decay kinetics varied dramatically. Consequently, phosphorescence analysis provides a method to discriminate among individual blue diamonds. Treated and synthetic blue diamonds showed behavior distinct from natural stones. Temperature-dependent phosphorescence revealed that the 660 nm emission has an activation energy of 0.4 eV, close to the 0.37 eV acceptor energy for boron, suggesting that the phosphorescence is caused by donor-acceptor pair recombination. C1 [Eaton-Magana, Sally; Freitas, Jaime; Klein, Paul; Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walters, Roy] Ocean Opt Inc, Dunedin, FL 34698 USA. RP Eaton-Magana, S (reprint author), Gemol Inst America, Armada Dr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM sally.magana@gia.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1130/G24170A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 247YL UT WOS:000252118400021 ER PT J AU Lindwall, D AF Lindwall, Dennis TI 3D underwater imaging using vector acoustic sensors SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY AB Marine surveys that use vector acoustic sensors may allow for 3D imaging of underwater environments with a much smaller amount of data than current 3D hydrophone surveys. Newly developed sensors make vector-acoustic-based surveys practical. This concept is demonstrated with data from a three-axis accelerometer and a collocated hydrophone in an acoustic water tank using a short-pulse source and passive scattering targets. One algorithm rectifies the vector data with scalar pressure data and another maps the vector data into a 3D volume, showing several slices of the volume images. The imaging algorithm maps the scattered energy using the direction and traveltime independently for each source-receiver pair rather than using the phase coherence methods common in exploration seismology. Imaging a more complex and realistic marine environment requires vector wavefield decomposition techniques and other theoretical developments but may allow for 3D vector-acoustic seismic surveys using logistics similar to 2D surveys that use conventional hydrophones. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Lindwall, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM lindwall@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 BP Q1 EP Q7 DI 10.1190/1.2813347 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 270VT UT WOS:000253749000019 ER PT J AU Ioup, E Lin, B Sample, J Shaw, K Rabemanantsoa, A Reimbold, J AF Ioup, Elias Lin, Bruce Sample, John Shaw, Kevin Rabemanantsoa, Andry Reimbold, Jean BE Sample, JT Shaw, K Tu, S Abdelguerfi, M TI Geospatial Web Services: Bridging the Gap between OGC and Web Services SO GEOSPATIAL SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERNET LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter highlights the differences between Web Services defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Several techniques for mapping or translating between W3C services and OGC services are reviewed. The challenges lie in integrating the services and clients which utilize these differing standards. Bridging the gap between these two standards requires not only translating the interfaces but also mapping functionality. This chapter presents techniques for mapping and dividing OGC service capabilities into multiple SOAP services that better fit the W3C Service paradigm. A single OGC Service is split into multiple W3C Services, each representing a single geospatial data set. This mapping approach better reveals the functionality of the service and allows services to be composed as individual units. The individual services also provide improved geospatial metadata support for service discovery. Converting SOAP services into OGC services is a more difficult task. Included in this chapter is a discussion of the Naval Research Laboratory's Geographic Information Database (GIDB) Portal system and its approach to this problem. C1 [Ioup, Elias; Lin, Bruce; Sample, John; Shaw, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Rabemanantsoa, Andry; Reimbold, Jean] Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Ioup, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-74673-9 PY 2008 BP 73 EP 93 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74674-6 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDE28 UT WOS:000312936200005 ER PT J AU Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H AF Bruneau, Thomas Trinkunas, Harold BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI GLOBAL TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bruneau, Thomas; Trinkunas, Harold] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bruneau, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 3 EP 19 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400001 ER PT J AU Clunan, A AF Clunan, Anne BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI GLOBALIZATION AND THE IMPACT OF NORMS ON DEFENSE RESTRUCTURING SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES; MILITARY ORGANIZATION; HUMAN SECURITY; DYNAMICS; POLITICS; TRENDS; TABOO; MYTH C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clunan, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 21 EP 48 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 28 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400002 ER PT J AU Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H AF Bruneau, Thomas Trinkunas, Harold BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY PROMOTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bruneau, Thomas; Trinkunas, Harold] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bruneau, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 49 EP 67 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400003 ER PT J AU Wirtz, J AF Wirtz, James BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI CHANGING INTERNATIONAL THREAT PERCEPTIONS SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COOPERATION; ANARCHY C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 69 EP 91 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 23 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400004 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI PRESERVING AUTONOMY IN CONFLICT: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN COLOMBIA SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 127 EP 153 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400006 ER PT B AU Yoshihara, T AF Yoshihara, Toshi BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI DEFENSE REFORMS, CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS, AND THE DEFENSE OF TAIWAN SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Yoshihara, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 223 EP 249 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400010 ER PT J AU Malley, M AF Malley, Michael BE Bruneau, T Trinkunas, H TI DEMOCRATIZATION AND THE CHALLENGE OF DEFENSE REFORM IN INDONESIA SO GLOBAL POLITICS OF DEFENSE REFORM SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Malley, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61105-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 251 EP 269 D2 10.1057/9780230611054 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRN15 UT WOS:000283140400011 ER PT S AU Hall, JS Romano, M AF Hall, Jason S. Romano, Marcello BE Drews, ME Culp, RD TI CONTROL OF SATELLITES WITH MINIMUM NUMBER OF CONTROL ACTUATORS SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2008 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Graphics Recognition CY SEP 20-21, 2007 CL Curitiba, BRAZIL ID CONTROLLABILITY; DOCKING; TARGET AB Within the framework of a growing need for rapid and continuous space situational awareness, autonomous on-orbit assembly of small spacecraft is being investigated as a possible alternative method to the use of monolithic large spacecraft. In this paper, a novel six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) State Control System (SCS) is presented which uses a minimal set of actuators composed of two thrusters with hemispherical vectoring capability and one paired thruster combination. This control system and actuator architecture is proposed as a possible alternative to conventional fixed thruster architecture for rapidly deployable, lower-cost, lower-mass spacecraft. The potential advantages include simplifying the spacecraft design and reducing the required fuel and size of the propulsion system while providing the requisite 6-DoF controllability for proximity spacecraft maneuvers. This paper presents the dynamics model of the proposed unconventional spacecraft architecture and the demonstration of small-time-local controllability through Lie Algebra methods. Additionally, the input-output linearizability of the nonlinear Multi-Input Multi-Output system is developed through nonlinear control theory. Furthermore, a feedback linearized control law is designed in order to control the feedback linearized system with a standard Linear Quadratic Regulator. The analytical results are validated on a reduced model (3-DoF) by exploiting the Autonomous Multi-Agent Physically Interacting Spacecraft Simulator (AMPHIS) test bed of the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory. This testbed consists of a spacecraft robotic simulator floating via planar air bearing on a flat horizontal floor. The robotic simulator is provided with a mini-control moment gyroscope and two semi-circular rotating thrusters. Both the analytical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the promising nature of a minimally control architecture for small spacecraft during autonomous proximity operations. C1 [Hall, Jason S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-545-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 131 BP 61 EP 80 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIM13 UT WOS:000260670800005 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Doherty, DA Briery, CM Niederhauser, A Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Doherty, Dorota A. Briery, Christian M. Niederhauser, Amy Chauhan, Suneet P. Morrison, John C. TI Obstetric characteristics for a prolonged third stage of labor and risk for postpartum hemorrhage SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE postpartum hemorrhage; older maternal age; third stage of labor ID MANAGEMENT; 3RD-STAGE AB Aim: To determine the obstetric characteristics associated with a prolonged third stage of labor and risk factors for a postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in women undergoing vaginal delivery. Method: Secondary analysis of a prospective randomized investigation comparing placental removal at 20 versus 30 min to prevent PPH. Results: Between 1 March 2004 and 1 March 2005, 1,607 women were recruited. Eighty-nine percent of the placentas had delivered by 10 min (n = 1,430) and 10.5% (n = 168) had delivered between 10 and 20 min, leaving 8 retained placentas (0.5%) > 20 min. Simultaneous factors predictive of longer duration of third stage of labor included maternal age 6 35 years (hazard ratio HR = 0.990, 95% CI 0.981-0.999, p = 0.030) and duration of second stage of labor > 2 h (HR = 0.745, 95% CI 0.628-0.883, p = 0.001) relative to second stage of labor < 1 h. Significant risk factors for PPH included chorioamnionitis (odds ratio OR = 6.45, 95% CI 2.37-17.64, p < 0.001), nulliparity (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.19-4.77, p = 0.014), overdistended uterus (OR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.02-7.76, p = 0.047) and third stage of labor 1 10 min (OR = 6.45 95%, CI 2.73-22.84, p < 0.001 compared with third stage <= 5 min). Conclusions: Prolonged third stage of labor is correlated with an older maternal age and a prolonged second stage of labor. Significant risk factors for PPH include chorioamnionitis, an overdistended uterus and a third stage of labor > 10 min. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Briery, Christian M.; Morrison, John C.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Magann, Everett F.; Niederhauser, Amy] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Magann, Everett F.; Niederhauser, Amy] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI USA. [Doherty, Dorota A.] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@ob-gyn.umsmed.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1159/000112227 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 291EU UT WOS:000255177000009 PM 18073485 ER PT J AU Looney, RE AF Looney, Robert E. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Politics, Economics and the Governance Environments Shaping Middle East Defence Expenditures and Their Impact on Growth SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Looney, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 213 EP 226 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800016 ER PT B AU Chase, MS AF Chase, Michael S. BE Wilson, I Forest, JJF TI Domestic Politics and Defence Policy in Taiwan SO HANDBOOK OF DEFENCE POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chase, MS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-80427-8 PY 2008 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BVA60 UT WOS:000290901800021 ER PT J AU Ventresca, MJ Kaghan, WN AF Ventresca, Marc J. Kaghan, William N. BE Becker, MC TI Routines, 'going concerns' and innovation: towards an evolutionary economic sociology SO HANDBOOK OF ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES; DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP; TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION; BOUNDARIES; SYSTEMS; MARKET; WORK; PERSPECTIVE; BUREAUCRACY C1 [Ventresca, Marc J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Kaghan, William N.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. RP Ventresca, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 183 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84376-958-3 PY 2008 BP 52 EP 86 PG 35 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BZF90 UT WOS:000301442600004 ER PT B AU Peres, SC Best, V Brock, D Shinn-Cunningham, B Frauenberger, C Hermann, T Neuhoff, JG Nickerson, LV Stockman, T AF Peres, S. Camille Best, Virginia Brock, Derek Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara Frauenberger, Christopher Hermann, Thomas Neuhoff, John G. Nickerson, Louise Valgerdur Stockman, Tony BE Kortum, P TI Auditory Interfaces SO HCI BEYOND THE GUI: DESIGN FOR HAPTIC, SPEECH, OLFACTORY, AND OTHER NONTRADITIONAL INTERFACES SE Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IDENTIFICATION; SONIFICATION; CUES C1 [Peres, S. Camille] Univ Houston Clear Lake, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Best, Virginia] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Brock, Derek] US Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Syst Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara] Boston Univ, Dept Cognit & Neural Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara] Boston Univ, CNS Grad Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Frauenberger, Christopher] Univ London, Dept Comp Sci, Interact Media Commun Grp, London, England. [Hermann, Thomas] Univ Bielefeld, Fac Technol, Neuroinformat Grp, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Neuhoff, John G.] Coll Wooster, Dept Psychol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Nickerson, Louise Valgerdur; Stockman, Tony] Univ London, Dept Comp Sci, London, England. RP Peres, SC (reprint author), Univ Houston Clear Lake, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM peresSC@uhcl.edu; ginbest@cns.bu.edu; derek.brock@nrl.navy.mil; shinn@cns.bu.edu; frauenberger@dcs.qmul.ac.uk; thermann@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de; jneuhoff@wooster.edu; lou@dcs.qmul.ac.uk; tonys@dcs.qmul.ac.uk OI Neuhoff, John/0000-0003-1123-9044 NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 978-0-08-055834-9; 978-0-12-374017-5 J9 MORG KAUF SER INTER PY 2008 BP 147 EP 195 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374017-5.00005-5 PG 49 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP69 UT WOS:000326269300006 ER PT S AU Antonio, JC AF Antonio, Joseph C. BE Brown, RW Marasco, PL Harding, TH Jennings, SA TI Display content in advanced NVG and HMD systems: a pilot/flight surgeon's concerns SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY XIII: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-and-Helmet-Mounted Displays XIII - Design and Applications CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE night vision goggle; NVG; helmet mounted display; HMD; HMD aircraft integration; hyperstereopsis AB Night vision goggles have been in use for many years and limitations in their use have been well studied through training research and flight experience. However, advances in technology have led to improvements in NVG display capabilities and in some cases helmet mounted display (HMD) technology has begun replacing NVG systems. These advances have led to an increase in the complexity of imaged scene content, thus requiring a greater level of cognitive effort for interpretation, especially when compared to the images provided by current NVG systems. In some cases the complexity of visual imagery has resulted in systems not being classified as operationally suitable. This presentation will focus on a few of the problems noted while testing some of these advanced systems. Topics will include: added complexity of imagery in wide-field-of-view (WFOV) NVG systems, effects due to imagery created by sensors displaced from the normal eye position (increased interocular separation), effects due to imagery projected onto see-through visor designs, and effects resulting from cockpit design/geometry (e.g., location and design of large-format head-down displays, and the position of structures such as window frames). Training concerns and potential mitigation strategies for HMD design concepts will also be covered. The issues discussed are important for manufacturers to understand during the early design phase, and for testers to understand during developmental or operational testing. C1 NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Antonio, JC (reprint author), NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7146-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6955 AR 695502 DI 10.1117/12.785062 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY72 UT WOS:000257484100001 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Milanese, A Marzocca, P AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Milanese, Attilio Marzocca, Pier BE Kundu, T TI The analytical trispectrum for multiple degree-of-freedom systems possessing cubic nonlinearity SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn AB Higher-order spectra have become a useful tool in spectral analysis, particularly for identifying the presence and sometimes type of nonlinearity in a system. Two such spectra that have figured prominently in signal processing are the bispectrum and trispectrum. The bispectrum is well-suited to capturing the presence of quadratic nonlinearities in system response data while the trispectrum has proved useful in detecting cubic nonlinearities. In a previous work, the authors developed an analytical solution for the auto-bispectrum for multi-degree-of-freedom systems. Here this analysis is extended to the trispectrum. Specifically, an expression is developed for the trispectral density of a multi-degree-of-freedom system subject to Gaussian excitation applied at an arbitrary location. The analytical expression is compared to those obtained via estimation using the direct method. C1 [Nichols, Jonathan M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7121-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6935 AR 69350O DI 10.1117/12.776495 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHW99 UT WOS:000257136900019 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Marzocca, P Milanese, A AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Marzocca, Pier Milanese, Attilio BE Kundu, T TI Nonlinearity detection in multiple-degree-of-freedom systems using the auto-bispectral density SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE auto-bispectral density; ROC curves; detection; nonlinearity; structural health monitoring; Volterra series AB Higher-order spectra (HOS) appear often in the analysis and identification of nonlinear systems. The auto-bispectrum is one example of a HOS and is frequently used in the analysis of stationary structural response data to detect the presence of structural nonlinearities. In this work we derive an expression for the auto-bispectrum of a multi-degree-of-freedom structure with quadratic nonlinearities. A nonlinearity detection strategy, based on estimates of the bispectrum, is then described. The performance of several such detectors is quantified using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves illustrating the trade-off between Type-I error and power of detection (1-Type-II). C1 [Nichols, Jonathan M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7121-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6935 AR 69350N DI 10.1117/12.776322 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHW99 UT WOS:000257136900018 ER PT S AU Wolford, MF Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD Burns, PM Hegeler, F Jaynes, R AF Wolford, Matthew F. Myers, Matthew C. Giuliani, John L. Sethian, John D. Burns, Patrick M. Hegeler, Frank Jaynes, Reginald BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Electra: Durable repetitively pulsed angularly multiplexed KrF laser system - art. no. 687401 SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications II CY JAN 21-22, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE KrF; lasers; fusion; electron beam ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASERS; FUSION ENERGY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; BEAM; AMPLIFIER; POWER; PERFORMANCE; OSCILLATOR; EXTRACTION AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser at the Naval Research Laboratory that is developing the technologies that can meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability.. efficiency, and cost. The technologies developed on Electra should be directly scalable to a full size fusion power plant beam line. As in a full size fusion power plant beam line, Electra is a multistage laser amplifier system which, consists of a commercial discharge laser (LPX 305i. Lambda Physik), 175 keV electron beam pumped (40 ns flat-top) preamplifier, and 530 keV (100 ns flat-top) main amplifier. Angular multiplexing is used in the optical layout to provide pulse length control and to maximize laser extraction from the amplifiers. Single shot yield of 452 J has been extracted from the initial shots of the Electra laser system using a relatively low energy preamplifier laser beam. In rep-rate burst of 5 HZ for durations of one second a total energy of 1.585 kJ (average 317 J/pulse) has been attained. Total energy of 2.5 kJ has been attained over a two second period. For comparison, the main amplifier of Electra in oscillator mode has demonstrated at 2.5 Hz rep-rate average laser yield of 270 J over a 2 hour period. C1 [Wolford, Matthew F.; Myers, Matthew C.; Giuliani, John L.; Sethian, John D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7049-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6874 BP 87401 EP 87401 DI 10.1117/12.759689 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHQ79 UT WOS:000255548300014 ER PT B AU Gillis, D Bowles, JH AF Gillis, David Bowles, Jeffrey H. BE Plaza, AJ Chang, CI TI Parallel Implementation of the ORASIS Algorithm for Remote Sensing Data Analysis SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computer and Information Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDMEMBER EXTRACTION; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA AB ORASIS (the Optical Real-Time Adaptive Spectral Identification System) is a series of algorithms developed at the Naval Research Lab for the analysis of HyperSpectral Image (HSI) data. ORASIS is based on the Linear Mixing Model (LMM), which assumes that the individual spectra in a given HSI scene may be decomposed into a set of in-scene constituents known as endmembers. The algorithms in ORASIS are designed to identify the endmembers for a given scene, and to decompose (or demix) the scene spectra into their individual components. Additional algorithms may be used for compression and various post-processing tasks, such as terrain classification and anomaly detection. In this chapter, we present a parallel version of the ORASIS algorithm that was recently developed as part of a Department of Defense program on hyperspectral data exploitation. C1 [Gillis, David; Bowles, Jeffrey H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-662-4 J9 CH CRC COMP INFO SCI PY 2008 BP 69 EP 95 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BJN91 UT WOS:000266874600003 ER PT S AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Kerans, R. J. BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Galerie, A Monceau, D Mathieu, S TI A model for transitions in oxidation regimes of ZrB(2) SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 7, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Nancy Univ, Inst Polytech Grenoble, Inst Polytech Toulouse, CEFRACOR, ONR Global, VEOLIA Environm, ORNL, St Gobain, EPRI, Snecma Grp SAFRAN, CNRS DE diborides; oxidation; mechanisms; transition ID HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; ZIRCONIUM; DIBORIDE; COMPOSITES; KINETICS; HAFNIUM; HFB2; AIR AB A mechanistic model that interprets the transition in oxidation behavior of zirconium diboride as the temperature is varied from 600 degrees C to 2500 degrees C is presented. Available thermodynamic data and literature data for vapor pressures oxygen permeability in boria, and viscosity of boria were used to evaluate the model. Three regimes and the temperatures of transition between them were identified. In the intermediate temperature regime, viz., 1000 degrees C to 1800 degrees C, good correspondence was obtained between theory and experiments for weight gain, recession, and scale thickness as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. In this regime, the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through a film of liquid boria in capillaries at the base of the oxidation product. At lower temperatures, an external boria scale forms, but it was not found to contribute significantly to oxidation resistance. Comparison with literature data oil recession is very good, but weight gain is predicted to be higher than experimentally observed unless flow of viscous boria is included. At higher temperatures, the boria is lost by evaporation, and the oxidation rate is limited by diffusion of molecular oxygen through the capillaries between nearly columnar blocks of the oxide MO(2).; this regime is soon followed by a rapid acceleration of recession due to vaporization of the oxide MO(2) itself. C1 [Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, R. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Opeka, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD USA. [Kerans, R. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil; rapp@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; mark.opeka@navy.mil; ronald.kerans@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 595-598 BP 823 EP 832 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIW45 UT WOS:000263369400093 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, N Hinchey, M AF Schneidewind, Norm Hinchey, Mike BE Breitman, K Woodcock, J Sterritt, R Hinchey, MG TI Why predicting outliers in software is a good thing to do! SO ICECCS 2008: THIRTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems-ICECCS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2008 CL Belfast, IRELAND SP IEEE Tech Comm Complex Comput, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Ulster, Comp Sci Res Inst, Univ Ulster, Ctr Software Proc Technologies, Lero AB A software reliability model is used to predict outliers, that is, values that significantly depart from the expected or mean values. In contrast with most projects that cleanse outliers from their databases because their presence distorts results, we tend to like outliers because by predicting them, we can help ensure safety in critical systems. We use the Space Shuttle failure data to make predictions of whether reliability goals are met if outliers should occur during test or the operational mission. In addition, prospective Shuttle software releases are analyzed to detect possible anomalous behavior that would call for re-inspection of the software to bring it into conformance with reliability specifications. C1 [Schneidewind, Norm] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Hinchey, Mike] Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com; mhinchey@loyola.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3139-7 J9 IEEE INT C ENG COMP PY 2008 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1109/ICECCS.2008.33 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHR94 UT WOS:000255864700009 ER PT B AU Convey, C Fredricks, A Gagner, C Maxwell, D Hamel, L AF Convey, Christian Fredricks, Andrew Gagner, Christopher Maxwell, Douglas Hamel, Lutz GP ACM TI Experience Report: Erlang in Acoustic Ray Tracing SO ICFP'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 SIGPLAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP ACM SIGPLAN DE acoustic ray tracing; C plus; Erlang AB We investigated the relative merits of C++ and Erlang in the implementation of a parallel acoustic ray tracing algorithm for the U.S. Navy. We found a much smaller learning curve and better debugging environment for parallel Erlang than for pthreads-based C++ programming. Our C++ implementation outperformed the Erlang program by at least 12x. Attempts to use Erlang on the IBM Cell BE microprocessor were frustrated by Erlang's memory footprint. C1 [Convey, Christian; Fredricks, Andrew; Gagner, Christopher; Maxwell, Douglas] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Convey, C (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM conveycj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; fredricksaj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; gagnercw@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; maxwelldb@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; hamel@cs.uri.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-919-7 PY 2008 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKK74 UT WOS:000268394200011 ER PT B AU Lintz, W McEachen, J Tummala, M AF Lintz, William McEachen, John Tummala, Murali BE Wysocki, BJ Wysocki, TA TI Optimizing Probability of Detection in a Wireless Sensor Network Radio Frequency Array SO ICSPCS: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems CY DEC 01-17, 2008 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Nebraska Sect, IEEE, Queensland Sect, Australian Res Council Commun Res Network, Coll Engn, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst, Australian Natl Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci DE antenna arrays; adaptive beamforming; wireless sensor network arrays AB We present the design of a randomly distributed radio frequency signal detection and reception array constructed of wireless sensor network nodes. The design stresses initial signal detection using the wireless network array. All other array operations depend on first detecting a signal of interest prior to activating follow-on sequences of signal processing, potentially including geolocation of the emitter and reception/demodulation of the signal. Of specific concern in network operations will be conservation of energy costs while providing an operable array for target signal detection and follow-on processing. Using the Neyman-Pearson criterion, a desired aperture can be determined providing an optimal probability of detection against an acceptable false alarm rate. Control of these parameters will be based on usage of the distributed wireless sensor nodes. The sensor nodes will be segmented into sub-arrays to produce the desired aperture. Upon signal detection, the network may then further optimize the aperture for purposes of increasing signal to noise ratio in signal processing. C1 [Lintz, William; McEachen, John; Tummala, Murali] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lintz, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4242-3 PY 2008 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKN39 UT WOS:000268672600005 ER PT J AU Jenn, DC AF Jenn, David C. TI Transmission Equation for Multiple Cooperative Transmitters and Collective Beamforming SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Beamforming; distributed array; Friis equation ID ARRAYS AB A general transmission equation is derived for multiple simultaneous transmitters of arbitrary phase coherence. A closed form result is obtained by examining the expected value of the power at the output of the receive antenna. The applicability of the results to collective beamforming is also discussed. C1 USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, DC (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jenn@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [331] FX This work was partially sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Code 331. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2008 VL 7 BP 606 EP 608 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2003126 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494EB UT WOS:000269791600023 ER PT J AU Quimby, RS Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Quimby, R. S. Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Modeling of cascade lasing in Dy : Chalcogenide glass fiber laser with efficient output at 4.5 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric measurements; dysprosium; infrared spectroscopy; modeling; optical fiber lasers; remote sensing AB The performance of a continuous-wave Dy : GeAsGaSe chalcogenide glass fiber laser operating on the H-G(11/2) -> H-G(13/2) transition at 4.2-4.7 mu m is studied using numerical modeling. A double-clad fiber geometry is assumed, with direct pumping of the H-6(11/2) level at 1.7 mu m. It is shown that simultaneous lasing on the H-6(13/2) -> H-6(15/2) transition serves to effectively depopulate the H-6(13/2) level and significantly improve the efficiency and power scalability. A slope efficiency of 0.16 is calculated when the fiber loss is 1 dB/m. For efficient operation, it is necessary to keep the fiber loss below approximate to 5 dB/m. C1 [Quimby, R. S.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Shaw, L. B.; Sanghera, J. S.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Infrared Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Quimby, RS (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM rsquimby@wpi.edu NR 7 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1-4 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.912541 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 263OB UT WOS:000253225300040 ER PT J AU Marks, BS Menyuk, CR Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F AF Marks, Brian S. Menyuk, Curtis R. Campillo, Anthony L. Bucholtz, Frank TI Interchannel crosstalk reduction in an analog fiber link using dispersion management SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analog transmission; cross-phase modulation (XPM); crosstalk; intensity modulation; self-phase modulation; wavelength-division multiplexing ID NONLINEAR CROSSTALK; PHASE MODULATION; SYSTEMS AB It has previously been shown that dispersion compensation can dramatically affect the interchannel crosstalk in a multichannel analog fiber transmission link. In this work, we use a genetic algorithm to find five-segment dispersion maps that yield low crosstalk levels over two octaves of microwave-frequency bandwidth when amplitude modulation is used. The genetic algorithm suggests that optimal dispersion maps have low residual dispersion. Despite the genetic algorithm's ability to optimize dispersion, maps with many fibers, it is possible to obtain similar crosstalk levels from a simpler two-segment design whose dispersion is fully compensated. C1 [Marks, Brian S.; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Campillo, Anthony L.; Bucholtz, Frank] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marks, BS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Stat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM bsmarks@indiana.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1-4 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.913665 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 263OB UT WOS:000253225300086 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ AF Lee, Deok-Jin TI Nonlinear Estimation and Multiple Sensor Fusion Using Unscented Information Filtering SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Multiple sensor estimation; sensor data fusion; sigma point filtering; unscented information filtering ID TARGET TRACKING AB This letter represents a new unscented information filtering algorithm for nonlinear estimation and multiple sensor information fusion. The proposed information fusion algorithm is derived by embedding the unscented transformation method used in the sigma point filter into the extended information filtering architecture. The new information filter achieves not only the accuracy and robustness of the sigma point filter but also the flexibility of the information filter for multiple sensor estimation. Performance comparison of the proposed filter with the extended information filter is demonstrated through a target-tracking simulation study. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Unmanned Syst Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Unmanned Syst Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM djlee@nps.edu NR 12 TC 89 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 861 EP 864 DI 10.1109/LSP.2008.2005447 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 416IL UT WOS:000263999300083 ER PT J AU Blanding, WR Willett, PK Bar-Shalom, Y Lynch, RS AF Blanding, Wayne R. Willett, Peter K. Bar-Shalom, Yaakov Lynch, Robert S. TI Directed subspace search ML-PDA with application to active sonar tracking SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The maximum likelihood probabilistic data association (ML-PDA) tracking algorithm is effective in tracking Very Low Observable targets (i.e., very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) targets in a high false alarm environment). However, the computational complexity associated with obtaining the track estimate in many cases has precluded its use in real-time scenarios. Previous ML-PDA implementations used a multi-pass grid (MPG) search to find the track estimate. Two alternate methods for finding the track estimate are presented-a genetic search and a newly developed directed subspace (DSS) search algorithm. Each algorithm is tested using active sonar scenarios in which an autonomous underwater vehicle searches for and tracks a target. Within each scenario, the problem parameters are varied to illustrate the relative performance of each search technique. Both the DSS search and the genetic algorithm are shown to be an order of magnitude more computationally efficient than the MPG search, making possible real-time implementation. In addition, the DSS search is shown to be the most effective technique at tracking a target at the lowest SNR levels-reliable tracking down to 5 dB (postprocessing SNR in a resolution cell) using a 5-frame sliding window is demonstrated, this being 6 dB better than the MPG search. C1 [Blanding, Wayne R.; Willett, Peter K.; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Lynch, Robert S.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Progressing Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blanding, WR (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,U-1157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4516999 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295HQ UT WOS:000255466000016 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA AF Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Performance of search via track-before-detect for distributed sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB We consider the search for moving targets over large areas using a network of fixed sensor nodes. The concept of track-before-detect is defined and used to both manage the information between sensors and reduce the likelihood of false searches. We develop expressions for the probability of search success and the probability of reporting false search in this system concept. Using these as performance measures, we examine how the track-before-detect search strategy impacts design choices in these networks, by showing which parameter changes in the sensor design have the greatest impact on improving the desired performance goals. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 314 EP 325 DI 10.1109/TAES.2008.4517006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295HQ UT WOS:000255466000023 ER PT J AU McKinney, JD Peroulis, D Weiner, AM AF McKinney, Jason D. Peroulis, Dimitrios Weiner, Andrew M. TI Time-domain measurements of the frequency-dependent delay of broadband antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE broadband antennas; radio-frequency (RF) photonics; time-domain techniques; ultrawideband (UWB) ID WAVE-FORMS; SPECTRUM AB We present a new time-domain technique for direct measurement of the frequency-dependent delay of broadband antenna structures. By utilizing a series of fixed-bandwidth, variable center frequency waveforms synthesized in a photonics-based electromagnetic pulse shaper, we perform high time resolution (similar to 54 ps over similar to 10 ns) measurements of several broadband antenna structures. Our results show excellent agreement with the delay extracted via time-domain impulse response measurements, however, compared to conventional impulse response measurements, our method ensures a higher signal-to-noise ratio because it relies on several relatively narrowband measurements as opposed to a single broadband measurement. In addition, the delay uncertainty in our technique (similar to 54 ps) is significantly below that of impulse response measurements (similar to 300 ps) where numerical differentiation of noisy data leads to substantial errors. Our technique is well suited as a diagnostic tool for future variable-frequency fixed-bandwidth systems. C1 [McKinney, Jason D.; Peroulis, Dimitrios; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Microwave Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.913079 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 250YL UT WOS:000252337200007 ER PT J AU Bucholtz, F Urick, VJ Godinez, M Williams, KJ AF Bucholtz, Frank Urick, Vincent J. Godinez, Modesto Williams, Keith J. TI Graphical approach for evaluating performance limitations in externally modulated analog photonic links SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE analog photonics; microwave photonics; photonic links AB We present a novel graphical approach for evaluating the performance of analog photonic links employing an external intensity modulator biased at quadrature. A single graph is sufficient to grasp the engineering tradeoffs among noise figure, third-order spurious-free dynamic range, and RF gain for various values of half-wave voltage and dc photocurrent. C1 [Bucholtz, Frank; Urick, Vincent J.; Godinez, Modesto; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucholtz, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5656, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frank.bucholtz@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.912224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 253BF UT WOS:000252493000030 ER PT J AU Heitmeyer, CL Archer, MM Leonard, EI McLean, JD AF Heitmeyer, Constance L. Archer, Myla M. Leonard, Elizabeth I. McLean, John D. TI Applying formal methods to a certifiably secure software system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE security; verification; specification; security kernels; tools; formal methods; software; software verification ID REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS; MODEL; PROGRAMS; DESIGN; PVS AB A major problem in verifying the security of code is that the code's large size makes it much too costly to verify in its entirety. This paper describes a novel and practical approach to verifying the security of code which substantially reduces the cost of verification. In this approach, a compact security model containing only information needed to reason about the security properties of interest is constructed and the security properties are represented formally in terms of the model. To reduce the cost of verification, the code to be verified is partitioned into three categories and only the first category, which is less than 10 percent of the code in our application, requires formal verification. The proof of the other two categories is relatively trivial. Our approach was developed to support a Common Criteria evaluation of the separation kernel of an embedded software system. This paper describes 1) our, techniques and theory for verifying the kernel code and 2) the artifacts produced, that is, a Top-Level Specification (TLS), a formal statement of the security property, a mechanized proof that the TLS satisfies the property, the partitioning of the code, and a demonstration that the code conforms to the TLS. This paper also presents the formal basis for the argument that the kernel code conforms to the TLS and consequently satisfies the security property. C1 [Heitmeyer, Constance L.; Archer, Myla M.; Leonard, Elizabeth I.; McLean, John D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, 4555 Overloook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; leonard@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mclean@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 54 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 EI 1939-3520 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 82 EP 98 DI 10.1109/TSE.2007.70772 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 265QH UT WOS:000253375500007 ER PT S AU Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Ives, RW Rakvic, RN AF Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Ives, Robert W. Rakvic, Ryan N. BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO Dougherty, ER TI An artificial neural network based matching metric for iris identification SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems VI CY JAN 28-29, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE iris identification; neural networks; hamming distance; biometrics ID RECOGNITION AB The iris is currently believed to be the most accurate biometric for human identification. The majority of fielded iris identification systems are based on the highly accurate wavelet-based Daugman algorithm. Another promising recognition algorithm by Ives et al uses Directional Energy features to create the iris template. Both algorithms use Hamming distance to compare a new template to a stored database. Hamming distance is an extremely fast computation, but weights all regions of the iris equally. Work from multiple authors has shown that different regions of the iris contain varying levels of discriminatory information. This research evaluates four post-processing similarity metrics for accuracy impacts on the Directional Energy and wavelets based algorithms. Each metric builds on the Hamming distance method in an attempt to use the template information in a more salient manner. A similarity metric extracted from the output stage of a feed-forward multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network demonstrated the most promise. Accuracy tables and ROC curves of tests performed on the publicly available Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation database show that the neural network based distance achieves greater accuracy than Hamming distance at every operating point, while adding less than one percent computational overhead. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM broussar@usna.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6984-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6812 AR 68120S DI 10.1117/12.766725 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHT94 UT WOS:000256350500026 ER PT S AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, Terry GP IEEE TI THE SHIP POWER ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION: ISSUES AND ANSWERS SO INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 55TH ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE SE RECORD OF CONFERENCE PAPERS - PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE DE Electric Ship Design; Total Systems Engineering; Physics-based Analyses; Modeling and Simulation; Ship electric power systems standards; power electronics; integrated power system; power electronic building blocks; PEBB; Medium Voltage DC Distribution; MVDC AB Power electronics can enable dramatic improvements in marine platforms and ships - increased power, greater automation, with enhanced capabilities and missions. Systems with many power electronic components are emerging, driven by the need for power quality, availability, security, and efficiency. Mechanical ship propulsion systems are being replaced by electric propulsion. Variable speed motor drives are replacing across-the-line motor starters to save energy and decrease load induced instabilities. Uninterruptible power supplies are used everywhere to maintain power continuity and quality. Offshore and deep ocean platforms use many electrical motors for sea keeping and maneuvering. Marine based renewable energy concepts such as tidal and wave power generation and offshore wind farms are emerging. In all the complexity and detail of these is increasing dramatically. Today's rule-based design processes is no longer adequate. New power electronic system architectures and design concepts are the key to these advances. This paper analyzes these issues and offers solutions in the form of new ideas such as Medium Voltage DC distribution, MVDC, and a "relational" design process, enabled by physics-based modeling and simulation. Paper also describes the Marine Industries Subcommittee activities in these areas and other related IEEE activities. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM terry.ericsen@navy.mill NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 978-1-4244-2520-4 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2008 BP 221 EP 231 PG 11 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA BIQ66 UT WOS:000262070200023 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Restaino, SR Teare, SW Krishna, S Lester, L Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Santiago, F AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Restaino, Sergio R. Teare, Scott W. Krishna, Sanjay Lester, Luke Wilcox, Christopher C. Martinez, Ty Santiago, Freddie BE Strojnik, M TI Precision radiometry using a tunable InAs/InGaAs quantum dot in a well infrared focal plane array SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Infrared imaging has typically relied on quantum well and quantum dot focal plane arrays which inherently have a narrow spectral response. In order to detect 'color' information within the infrared spectrum, several detectors are used with a filtering scheme to sample different wavelengths and the data is post-processed to yield multi-spectral images. Using the 320 x 256 pixel quantum dot-in-a-well (DWELL) infrared focal plane arrays developed by the University of New Mexico's Center for High Technology Materials offers numerous advantages including wide spectral response (1 mu m to 30 mu m +) and response tunability. The latter of these allows multi-spectral imaging without switchable filters. A simple external bias voltage is applied to tune spectral response on a pixel by pixel basis. This presentation outlines the work to date and future work to be accomplished on this project to implement tunable color imaging capabilities in several wavelengths throughout the infrared spectrum using the DWELL structure. Precision radiometry, similar to astronomical photometry using a charge coupled device, will be realized in addition to color imaging capabilities, requiring a full characterization of noise processes and techniques for noise reduction in this novel device. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820T DI 10.1117/12.795599 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900021 ER PT S AU Luqi Kordon, F AF Luqi Kordon, Fabrice BE Paech, B Martell, C TI Advances in Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gap between Stakeholders' Needs and Formal Designs SO INNOVATIONS FOR REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS: FROM STAKEHOLDERS' NEEDS TO FORMAL DESIGNS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 10-OCT 13, 2007 CL Monterey, CA AB The lions's share of the software faults can be traced to requirements and specification errors, so improvements in requirements engineering can have a large impact on the, effectiveness of the overall system development process. A weak link in the chain is the transition from the vague and informal needs of system stakeholders to the formal models that support theoretical analysis and software tools. This paper explains the context for the 2007 Monterey workshop that was dedicated to this problem. It provides the case study that participants were asked to use to illustrate their new methods, and summarizes the discussion and conclusions of the workshop. C1 [Luqi] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kordon, Fabrice] Univ Paris 06, LIP6, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Luqi (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM luqi@nps.edu; Fabrice.Kordon@lip6.fr FU ARO [45614CI] FX This work was supported in part by ARO grant 45614CI. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89777-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5320 BP 15 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJB56 UT WOS:000264553300001 ER PT S AU Berzins, V Martell, C Luqi Adams, P AF Berzins, Valdis Martell, Craig Luqi Adams, Paige BE Paech, B Martell, C TI Innovations in Natural Language Document Processing for Requirements Engineering SO INNOVATIONS FOR REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS: FROM STAKEHOLDERS' NEEDS TO FORMAL DESIGNS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Monterey Workshop CY SEP 10-OCT 13, 2007 CL Monterey, CA DE Requirements; Natural Language; Ambiguity; Gaps; Domain-Specific Methods AB This paper evaluates the potential contributions of natural language processing to requirements engineering. We present a selective history of the relationship between requirements engineering (RE) and natural-language processing (NLP), and briefly summarize relevant recent trends in NLP. The paper outlines basic issues in RE, and how they relate to interactions between a NLP front; end and system-development processes. We suggest some improvements to NLP that may be possible in the context of RE and conclude with an assessment of what should be done to improve likelihood of practical impact in this direction. C1 [Berzins, Valdis; Martell, Craig; Luqi; Adams, Paige] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Berzins, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM berzins@nps.edu; cmartell@nps.edu; luqi@nps.edu; phadams@nps.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89777-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5320 BP 125 EP 146 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJB56 UT WOS:000264553300007 ER PT B AU Kirshenbaum, M Palmer, D McCullick, P Vaidyanathan, R AF Kirshenbaum, Marc Palmer, Daniel McCullick, Phillip Vaidyanathan, Ravi BE Iskander, M TI Explaining Swarm Design Concepts Using an Interactive, Bottom-up Simulation Tool SO INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES IN INSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY, E-LEARNING, E-ASSESSMENT AND EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Engineering Education, Instructional Technology, Assessment and E-learning CY MAY 31, 2007 CL Univ Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT SP IEEE, Univ Bridgeport HO Univ Bridgeport DE Artificial Intelligence; Computer Integrated Education; E-learning Tools; Emergence; Instructional Design; Multi-Agent Systems; Swarm Modeling AB When promoting emergent behavior as a viable problem-solving option to a community unfamiliar with the concept but nevertheless key stakeholders in the effort, swarm researchers can find themselves making rudimentary, analogies to social insects that provide some familiarity, but offers nothing in the way of real understanding. Yet, if these stakeholders are to adopt such a seemingly radical approach, they need to he somewhat conversant with the concepts, the obstacles and the process of an emergent system. We have built an Emergent Behavior Simulation Tool (EBST) to make issues of emergent systems and bottom-up design quickly accessible to interested neophytes. The contextual scenarios are built by swarm researchers, but provide an interface accessible to all. The tool provides an environment in which the consequences of agent based actions can be observed at the global level, and then quickly changed based on observations. Yet the scenarios are specific, and goal-oriented, so that the swarm-layperson is not left to fend for themselves in a sea of syntax, and open-ended possibilities. The tool is the centerpiece of an online course being developed for military students at the US Naval Postgraduate School. C1 [Kirshenbaum, Marc; Palmer, Daniel] John Carroll Univ, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. [McCullick, Phillip] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Vaidyanathan, Ravi] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. RP Kirshenbaum, M (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA. EM kirsch@jcu.edu; dpalmer@jcu.edu; pcmccul@nps.edu; rv2@soton.ac.uk FU U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Integrated Distance Learning Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Integrated Distance Learning Foundation under the supervision of Tom Hazzard. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-8738-7 PY 2008 BP 298 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8739-4_52 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BIT21 UT WOS:000262481600052 ER PT S AU Collins, JB AF Collins, Joseph B. BE Autexier, S Campbell, J Rubio, J Sorge, V Suzuki, M Wiedijk, F TI A mathematical type for physical variables SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTER MATHEMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation/15th Symposium on Integration of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Research/7th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND AB In identifying the requirements of a markup language for describing the mathematical semantics of physics-based models, we pose the question: "Is there a mathematical type for physical variables?" While this question has no a priori answer, since physics is fundamentally empirical, it appears that a large body of physics may be described with a single mathematical type. Briefly stated, that type is formed as the mathematical product of a physical unit, such as meter or second, and an element of a Clifford algebra. We discuss some of the properties of this mathematical type and its use in documentation of physics-based models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85109-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5144 BP 370 EP 381 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIC46 UT WOS:000258392600031 ER PT S AU Fossati, D Di Eugenio, B Brown, C Ohlsson, S AF Fossati, Davide Di Eugenio, Barbara Brown, Christopher Ohlsson, Stellan BE Woolf, BP Aimeur, E Nkambou, R Lajoie, S TI Learning linked lists: Experiments with the iList system SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY JUN 23-JUL 27, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Quebec Montreal, McGill Univ, Univ Montreal, ACM SIGSCE, ACM SIGAPP, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, AAAI, AIED SOC, Japanese Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Japanese Soc Informat & Educ, Chinese Assoc Artificial Intelligence ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper presents the first experiments with an Intelligent Tutoring System in the domain of linked lists. a fundamental topic in Computer Science. The system has been deployed in an introductory college-level Computer Science class, and engendered significant learning gains. A constraint-based approach has been adopted in the design and implementation of the system. We describe the system architecture, its current functionalities, and the future directions of its development. C1 [Fossati, Davide; Di Eugenio, Barbara] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Brown, Christopher] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ohlsson, Stellan] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fossati, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM dfossa1@uic.edu; bdieugen@cs.uic.edu; wcbrown@usna.edu; stellan@uic.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0040]; National Science Foundation [ALT-0536968, IIS-0133123] FX This work is supported by award N00014-07-1-0040 from the Office of Naval Research, and additionally by awards ALT-0536968 and IIS-0133123 from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69130-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5091 BP 80 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BIB24 UT WOS:000258073200013 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Gallon, M Hymns, J Bell, D Barnwell, J Kyle, D Hi, J Ogutu, B Oyibo, W Wang, S Luchavez, J Maguire, J Chen, N McCarthy, J Cheng, Q AF Baker, Joanne T. Gallon, Michelle Hymns, John Bell, David Barnwell, John Kyle, Dennis Hi, Jeffery Ogutu, Bernhards Oyibo, Wellington Wang, ShanQing Luchavez, Jennifer Maguire, Jason Chen, Nanhua McCarthy, James Cheng, Qin TI Variation in the histidine-rich protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of rapid diagnostic tests for falciparum malaria. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Molecular Approaches to Malaria Meeting (MAM 2008) CY FEB 03-07, 2008 CL Lorne, AUSTRALIA SP BioMalPar, Boehringer Ingelheim Foods, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Wellcome Trust, ARC/NHMRC Net Parasitol, Australian Soc Biochem & Molecular Biol, Lorne Protein Conf, GlaxoSmithKline C1 [Gallon, Michelle; McCarthy, James] Queensland Inst Med Res, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Bell, David] WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. [Barnwell, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kyle, Dennis] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. [Hi, Jeffery] WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Solomons, MD USA. [Ogutu, Bernhards] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. [Oyibo, Wellington] Univ Lagos, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria. [Wang, ShanQing] Hainan Prov Ctr Dis Control, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Luchavez, Jennifer] Res Inst Trop Med, Alabang, Philippines. [Maguire, Jason] US Navy Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 SU 1 MA P196 BP S89 EP S89 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 262CW UT WOS:000253127600256 ER PT J AU O'Connor, P Campbell, J Newon, J Melton, J Salas, E Wilson, KA AF O'Connor, Paul Campbell, Justin Newon, Jennifer Melton, John Salas, Eduardo Wilson, Katherine A. TI Crew Resource Management Training Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis and Some Critical Needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFECT SIZE; COCKPIT; PERFORMANCE; EMERGENCY; ATTITUDES; AVIATION; DESIGN AB Empirical studies of crew resource management (CRM) training effectiveness were subjected to meta-analysis. Sixteen CRM evaluation studies were found to fulfill the a priori criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The metrics of CRM training effectiveness analyzed were reactions, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. CRM-trained participants responded positively to CRM (a mean of 4 on a 5point Likert scale). The training had large effects on the participants' attitudes and behaviors and a medium effect on their knowledge. The findings from the meta-analysis are encouraging for the effectiveness of CRM training. However, there is a need for researchers and reviewers to be more rigorous about the data included in research reporting CRM evaluation to allow effect sizes to be calculated. C1 [O'Connor, Paul] USN, Sch Aviat Safety, Aviat Sch Command, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. [Campbell, Justin] Univ W Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Newon, Jennifer] Loyola Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. [Salas, Eduardo; Wilson, Katherine A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Salas, Eduardo; Wilson, Katherine A.] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), USN, Sch Aviat Safety, Aviat Sch Command, 181 Chambers Ave Suite C, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM paul.e.cconnor@navy.mil RI OConnor, Paul/H-1221-2011; OI OConnor, Paul/0000-0001-9036-098X; Campbell, Justin/0000-0002-3471-9430 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1080/10508410802347044 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 366CS UT WOS:000260458800004 ER PT J AU Thomas, KW Thomas, GF Schaubhut, N AF Thomas, Kenneth W. Thomas, Gail Fann Schaubhut, Nancy TI Conflict styles of men and women at six organization levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the Academy-of-Management CY AUG 11-16, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Acad Management DE conflict management; gender; senior management ID INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT; HANDLING BEHAVIOR; MODE INSTRUMENT; MANAGEMENT; GENDER; RESOLUTION; INTERNET; WORK AB Purpose - This study aims to provide a more detailed examination of the way conflict styles vary by organization level and gender. Design/methodology/approach - The authors drew a stratified, random sample from a national database on the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, selecting 200 fully-employed men and 200 fully-employed women at each of six organizational levels - from entry-level positions to top executives. This design allowed them to test for linear and curvilinear relationships between style and organization level, as well as to compare gender differences in styles across organization levels. Findings - Results showed moderate effect sizes for both organization level and gender, with negligible interaction effects. Assertiveness (competing and collaborating) increases monotonically at progressively higher organization levels, while unassertive styles (avoiding and accommodating) decrease. Compromising shows a curvilinear relationship to organization level, decreasing at both the highest and lowest levels. The strongest gender finding was that men score significantly higher on competing at all six organization levels. Thus, there was no evidence that conflict styles of men and women converge at higher organization levels. Originality/value - The study provides a more detailed picture of conflict style differences by organization level and gender. Among other things, these differences suggest the usefulness of multiple sets of norms for conflict style instruments and the need for conflict training and team building to take into account the typical style patterns at a given organization level. C1 [Thomas, Kenneth W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Schaubhut, Nancy] CPP Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Thomas, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Thomas, Kenneth W.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Thomas, Kenneth W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Thomas, KW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. EM kthomas@nps.edu NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 30 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1044-4068 J9 INT J CONFL MANAGE JI Int. J. Confl. Manage. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 148 EP 166 DI 10.1108/10444060810856085 PG 19 WC Communication; Management; Political Science SC Communication; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 350HQ UT WOS:000259343700004 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H Clapp, AR AF Medintz, Igor L. Mattoussi, Hedi Clapp, Aaron R. TI Potential clinical applications of quantum dots SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Review DE quantum dot; nanoparticle; biosensor; fluorescence; imaging; immunoassay; toxicity; FRET ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENT NANOCRYSTALS; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LIVE CELLS; T-CELLS; CDSE; VIVO AB The use of luminescent colloidal quantum dots in biological investigations has increased dramatically over the past several years due to their unique size-dependent optical properties and recent advances in biofunctionalization. In this review, we describe the methods for generating high-quality nanocrystals and report on current and potential uses of these versatile materials. Numerous examples are provided in several key areas including cell labeling, biosensing, in vivo imaging, bimodal magnetic-luminescent imaging, and diagnostics. We also explore toxicity issues surrounding these materials and speculate about the future uses of quantum dots in a clinical setting. C1 [Clapp, Aaron R.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; clapp@iastate.edu NR 84 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 48 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9114 J9 INT J NANOMED JI Int. J. Nanomed. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 151 EP 167 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 329DV UT WOS:000257848000003 PM 18686776 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Glaser, ER AF Prokes, S. M. Carlos, W. E. Glaser, E. R. TI Study of defect behaviour in Ga(2)O(3) nanowires and nano-ribbons under reducing gas annealing conditions: applications to sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ga(2)O(3) nanowires; nano-ribbons; VLS growth; electron spin resonance; photoluminescence; gas sensing ID GALLIUM OXIDE NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; THIN-FILMS; BETA-GA2O3; LUMINESCENCE; SENSORS AB The growth of monoclinic Ga(2)O(3) nanowires, nano-ribbons and nano-sheets has been investigated. Results indicate that high quality single crystal nanowires can be grown at 900 degrees C using an Au. catalyst, while single crystal nano-ribbons and nano-sheets require no metal catalyst for growth. Since bulk Ga(2)O(3) is a promising material for high temperature gas sensing, Ga(2)O(3) nanowires and nano-ribbons may prove to enhance the sensing capability due to the high surface area. We have investigated the nature of defects in this material using electron spin resonance, photoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy, in as grown material, as well as under annealing in a reducing gas (H(2)) at various high temperatures. Results indicate the presence of an oxygen deficiency in the material, resulting in a conduction electron signal that becomes enhanced with annealing. The eventual loss of this signal is attributed to hydrogen etching of the nanowires, leading to a loss of material. C1 [Prokes, S. M.; Carlos, W. E.; Glaser, E. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; Carlos@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; Glaser@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4-5 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1504/IJNT.2008.017448 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 287EI UT WOS:000254899300004 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Mungunsukh, O Zins, S Day, RM Landauer, MR AF Davis, Thomas A. Mungunsukh, Ognoon Zins, Stephen Day, Regina M. Landauer, Michael R. TI Genistein induces radioprotection by hematopoietic stem cell quiescence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hematopoietic stem cells; irradiation myeloablation; stem cell cycling; hematopoietic reconstitution; radioprotectants ID CYCLE KINETICS; CARCINOMA-CELLS; HISTONE H2AX; CANCER CELLS; IN-VITRO; RADIATION; MICE; P53; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROGRESSION AB Purpose: In this study we addressed whether genistein-induced radioprotection in mice is associated with alterations of the cell cycle of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Materials and methods: C57BL/6J female mice received a single subcutaneous injection of genistein (200mg/kg) 24h prior to a lethal dose (7.75 Gy, (60)Co) of total body irradiation. Proliferation-associated Ki-67 protein/7-aminoactinomycin-D (Ki67/7AAD) cell cycle staining was used to differentiate between G(0), G(1), and S/G(2)/M in bone marrow cell populations negative for expression of mature hematopoietic lineage marker cells but positive for expression of stem cell antigen-1 and tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)cKit(+), LSK(+)). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) microarrays were utilized to examine cell cycle specific genes. Results: At 24h following radiation exposure, a greater percentage of LSK(+) in genistein-treated mice accumulated in the G(0) phase of the cell cycle, whereas a large percentage of LSK(+) bone marrow cells from untreated and vehicle (PEG-400)-treated mice progressed into the G(1) and S/G(2)/M phases. Moreover, the absolute number of marrow total LSK(+), long-term LSK(+), and short-term LSK(+) increased 2.8, 12.1, and 4.2-fold, respectively, at 7 days post-irradiation in genistein-treated vs. untreated irradiated mice. Lin- cells from genistein-treated mice expressed fewer DNA damage responsive and cell cycle checkpoint genes than LSK(+) from untreated or vehicle-treated mice. Conclusion: Pretreatment with genistein provides invivo protection from acute myelotoxicity through extended quiescence followed by reduced senescence of marrow repopulating LSK(+). C1 [Davis, Thomas A.; Zins, Stephen] USN, Regenerat Med Dept, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mungunsukh, Ognoon; Day, Regina M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Landauer, Michael R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), USN, Regenerat Med Dept, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Room 2A10,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM thomas.davis1@med.navy.mil FU ONR work unit [601153N.4508.519. A0508]; Department of Defense JSTO-DTRA [H. 10025_07_US_R]; NIH [HL 073929] FX The authors are employees of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U. S. C. 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U. S. C 101 defined a U. S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employees of the U. S. Government as part of that person's official duties. The opinions or assertions contained in this paper are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views, policy or positions of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense nor the U. S. Government. The experiments reported herein were conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act Regulations and in accordance with the principles set forth in the current edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996. We thank Doug Smoot, Ethery Amari, and L. Joseph Pastore for expert technical assistance and Dr Seth Corey ( MD Anderson, Houston TX) for helpful discussions in early stages of this project. We also thank the FACS Facility at the Naval Medical Research Center for cell cycle analysis. This work was supported by ONR work unit 601153N.4508.519. A0508 to T. A. Davis, by Department of Defense JSTO-DTRA grant H. 10025_07_US_R to R. M. Day and M. R. Landauer, and by a USUHS starter grant and NIH grant HL 073929 to R. M. Day. NR 49 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 84 IS 9 BP 713 EP 726 DI 10.1080/09553000802317778 PG 14 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 354NC UT WOS:000259645300001 PM 18821385 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Reid, JS Miller, SD Turk, FJ AF Zhang, J. Reid, J. S. Miller, S. D. Turk, F. J. TI Strategy for studying nocturnal aerosol optical depth using artificial lights SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPACE; MODIS AB In this concept study, we develop a strategy for the monitoring of nighttime aerosol particle optical properties over land using artificial lights on the earth's surface. We demonstrate the possibility of detecting significant aerosol events and deriving variations in aerosol optical depth using the operational linescan system (OLS) on defence meteorological satellite program (DMSP) platforms. Since the OLS instruments have no on-board calibration, only a qualitative study of the potential to estimate aerosol and cloud properties using city lights at night is shown in this paper. The technique is demonstrated using China and India as test regions. With the launch of the visible/infrared imager/radiometer suite (VIIRS) instrument on the national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system (NPOESS) in the coming decade, fully quantitative retrieval of nighttime aerosol particle optical properties from space observations using such methods will become possible. Such work will benefit aerosol forecasting, safety of navigation, aerosol data assimilation and climate studies. C1 [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA. [Reid, J. S.; Turk, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Miller, S. D.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA. EM jzhang@atmos.und.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 4599 EP 4613 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 331FB UT WOS:000257997000001 ER PT B AU Madan, RN Rao, NSV AF Madan, Rabinder N. Rao, Nageswara S. V. BE Brooks, RR Phoha, VV Rao, NSV Wu, Q Zhu, M TI A perspective on information fusion problems SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN COMPUTER AND SENSOR NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS: IN CELEBRATION OF 60TH BIRTHDAY OF PROF. S. SITHARAMA IYENGAR FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENCE OF COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Computer and Sensor Networks and Systems CY APR 07-JUL 11, 2008 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE information fusion; data fusion; sensor fusion AB Information fusion problems have been studied in a variety of disciplines including political economy, reliability engineering, distributed detection, forecasting, and more recently in distributed sensor networks and cyber information processing. We provide a brief historical perspective of these problems. C1 [Madan, Rabinder N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Madan, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AARDVARK GLOBAL PUBL, LLC PI SALT LAKE CITY PA 9587 SO GRANDVIEW DR, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84092 USA BN 978-1-4276-2980-7 PY 2008 BP 633 EP 635 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHX38 UT WOS:000257195200098 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG Furukawa, T AF Michopoulos, J. G. Furukawa, T. TI Towards hierarchical design optimization for simultaneous composite material characterization and adjustment of the corresponding physical experiments SO INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Inverse Problems, Design and Optimization CY APR 16-18, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Taylor & Francis, ESTECO, IOSO Technol Ctr, Florida Int Univ, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE design optimization; composite materials; material characterization; control of experiments AB This article presents a hierarchical scheme based on a staggered design optimization approach that can simultaneously achieve both real-time design of the optimum physical experiments needed for the characterization of the material under consideration and the material characterization itself. The approach assumes that mechatronically driven systems are available for exposing specimens to multidimensional loading paths and for acquiring the stimulus and response behaviour data. Material characterization is achieved by minimizing the difference between the experimentally acquired and the analytically predicted response of the system. At the same time, performance metrics of the material characterization process are used to construct the objective functions for the design of experiments problem at a higher level. An example is presented for the case of characterization of the linear elastic constitutive response of anisotropic materials while the best loading path for achieving this goal with a two degree of freedom loading machine is also determined in real time. C1 [Michopoulos, J. G.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Furukawa, T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1741-5977 J9 INVERSE PROBL SCI EN JI Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 763 EP 775 DI 10.1080/17415970802082856 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 349YL UT WOS:000259319100007 ER PT S AU Turo, A Edmondson, CE Lomax, JF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC AF Turo, Andrew Edmondson, Charles E. Lomax, Joseph F. Bendler, John T. Fontanella, John J. Wintersgill, Mary C. BE Acierno, D DAmore, A Grassia, L TI Electrical relaxation in Ultem((R)) and Ultem((R)) containing mesoporous silica SO IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Times of Polymers TOP and Composites CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Ischia, ITALY SP 2nd Univ Naples, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mat & Product Engn C1 [Turo, Andrew; Edmondson, Charles E.; Fontanella, John J.; Wintersgill, Mary C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lomax, Joseph F.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bendler, John T.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Tech, Rapid Cty, SD USA. RP Turo, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fontanel@comcast.net FU U. S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Office of Naval Research. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0570-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1042 BP 21 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BIE86 UT WOS:000259023500008 ER PT S AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, John T. Fontanella, John J. Shlesinger, Michael F. Wintersgill, Mary C. BE Acierno, D DAmore, A Grassia, L TI The defect diffusion model and times of polymers SO IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Times of Polymers TOP and Composites CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Ischia, ITALY SP 2nd Univ Naples, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mat & Product Engn ID POLYVINYL ACETATE); RELAXATION; PRESSURE; LIQUID AB The defect diffusion model (DDM) has been used to explain a wide variety of experimental results [1-4]. This includes the electrical relaxation time, electrical conductivity and viscosity of various materials above the glass transition temperature, T-g. In each case the pressure, temperature and volume variation of the physical property was calculated. In the present note, it is shown how the formalism can be used to account for the electrical relaxation time data of Heinrich and Stoll [5] for PVAc. In addition, the analysis is extended to the ratio of the isochoric activation energy to isobaric activation enthalpy known as E-V/E-P or E-V*/H* which elucidates the contributions of volume and temperature to the electrical relaxation time. C1 [Bendler, John T.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Fontanella, John J.; Wintersgill, Mary C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Shlesinger, Michael F.] Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, St Arlington, VA USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM fontanel@comcast.net FU U. S. Office of Naval Research; DoD-Army Research Office [DAAD19-01-1-0482] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Office of Naval Research. JIB also gratefully acknowledges support by the DoD-Army Research Office (Grant No. DAAD19-01-1-0482). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0570-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1042 BP 23 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BIE86 UT WOS:000259023500009 ER PT J AU Moran, A AF Moran, Angela TI A different approach to recruiting girls in engineering SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Rickover Hall Room 367,590 Holloway Dr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amoran@usna.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2008 VL 60 IS 1 BP 80 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0011-5 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 248AP UT WOS:000252124000012 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, N AF Schneidewind, Norman TI Software Production Process for Safety Critical Software SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB A software production model is developed that integrates process and product and is designed to identify bottlenecks in the production process. Choke points can occur either from process deficiencies or failure to identify and correct extant software defects. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center satellite defect data is used in the analysis because the primary aim is to apply the model to safety critical software. The model applies feedback control to correct anomalies in process and product that may occur. Both predictions and actual defect data are used to identify process and product behavior that do not meet expectations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Schneidewind, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.2514/1.34021 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 496XP UT WOS:000270014000002 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, Norman F. TI Software Sequential Testing Model SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB A risk-driven reliability model and testing process is developed that borrows concepts from classical sequential testing methodology which is used for hardware. The model is adapted to software. Both consumer and producer risk are considered, reflecting the fact that the consumer (e. g., customer) and producer (e. g., contractor) have different perspectives concerning what they consider to be tolerable risks of software failure. Similarly, there is also a differentiation based on what the consumer and producer consider to be acceptable reliability. Test rules are specified for determining at each decision point in testing whether the software and the model prediction accuracy are acceptable. In addition, the test rules serve as stopping criteria for testing. Both empirical and predicted quantities are assessed. Based on experience in using the model, lessons learned are provided with the objective of improving the model and process for future applications. This model and test scenario is applied to a real application involving the NASA Space Shuttle flight software. The model and test scenario can be tailored to commercial applications, as well. C1 [Schneidewind, Norman F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), 2822 Raccoon Trail, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM ieeelife@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 9 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.2514/1.34543 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510FO UT WOS:000271073700003 ER PT J AU Donovan, MF Williams, ER Kessinger, C Blackburn, G Herzegh, PH Bankert, RL Miller, S Mosher, FR AF Donovan, Michael F. Williams, Earle R. Kessinger, Cathy Blackburn, Gary Herzegh, Paul H. Bankert, Richard L. Miller, Steve Mosher, Frederick R. TI The identification and verification of hazardous convective cells over oceans using visible and infrared satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRMM PRECIPITATION FEATURES; VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; TOGA COARE; FLASH RATE; RADAR; ELECTRIFICATION; INTENSITY; CLOUDS AB Three algorithms based on geostationary visible and infrared (IR) observations are used to identify convective cells that do ( or may) present a hazard to aviation over the oceans. The performance of these algorithms in detecting potentially hazardous cells is determined through verification with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations of lightning and radar reflectivity, which provide internal information about the convective cells. The probability of detection of hazardous cells using the satellite algorithms can exceed 90% when lightning is used as a criterion for hazard, but the false-alarm ratio with all three algorithms is consistently large (similar to 40%), thereby exaggerating the presence of hazardous conditions. This shortcoming results in part from the algorithms' dependence upon visible and IR observations, and can be traced to the widespread prevalence of deep cumulonimbi with weak updrafts but without lightning over tropical oceans, whose origin is attributed to significant entrainment during ascent. C1 [Donovan, Michael F.; Williams, Earle R.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Kessinger, Cathy; Blackburn, Gary; Herzegh, Paul H.] Natl Ctr Atmosphere Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Bankert, Richard L.; Miller, Steve] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Mosher, Frederick R.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP Donovan, MF (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM miked@ll.mit.edu NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 164 EP 184 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1471.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500011 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Kim, M Kim, CS Larrabee, DC Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Lindle, James R. Canedy, C. L. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Larrabee, D. C. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Gain, loss, and internal efficiency in interband cascade lasers emitting at lambda=3.6-4.1 mu m SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID W DIODE-LASERS; QUANTUM-WELLS; NARROW-RIDGE; HIGH-POWER; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB We employ a cavity-length study to determine the temperature variation of the internal loss and gain per unit current density in a ten-stage interband cascade laser that operated cw up to 269 K with an emission wavelength of 4.05 mu m. The characteristic temperature for the gain per unit current density is 39 K, which is slightly lower than T(0) of the threshold current and is consistent with dominance by Auger recombination. The internal loss for the 150-mu m-wide mesa devices increased from 11 cm(-1) at 78 K to 28 cm(-1) at 275 K. (c) 2008 American Institute. of Physics. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Lindle, James R.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Larrabee, D. C.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013114 DI 10.1063/1.2831225 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700014 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Bozic, KJ Haydon, R Lau, JTC Vallier, HA AF Provencher, Matthew T. Bozic, Kevin J. Haydon, Rex Lau, Johnny T. C. Vallier, Heather A. TI AOA 2005 John J. Fahey, MD, memorial North American traveling fellowship: Fellows' travel diary SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bozic, Kevin J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Haydon, Rex] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lau, Johnny T. C.] Univ Toronto, Univ Hlth Network Toronto Western Div, Div Orthopaed Surg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Vallier, Heather A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Syst, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN Med Ctr San Diego, Div Shoulder & Sports Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 90A IS 1 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.01116 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 250PV UT WOS:000252313400027 PM 18171976 ER PT J AU Rajesh, YBRD Ranganathan, S Gilardi, RD Karle, IL AF Rajesh, Y. B. R. D. Ranganathan, Subramania Gilardi, Richard D. Karle, Isabella L. TI Differing patterns in the self-assembly of radially anchored imidazoles, 1,3,5-tris(1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene and 1,3-bis(1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE infinite parallel stacks of novel 1,3,5-tris imidazole; unusual tetrameric assembly of 1,3-bis imidazole; assembly mediated by water ID BRANCHED NONCOVALENT COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; BENZENEHEXACARBOXYLIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; DEHYDROGENATION; TRIS(IMIDAZOLINE); STACKING; BASE AB The novel 3-fold symmetric 1,3,5-tris(1H-imidazol-2-yl) benzene, having a propensity for a 3-fold salt formation by hydrogen bonding at the periphery, was prepared from oxidation of the hexahydro imidazole precursor. The transformation proved difficult and, of the many reagents tried, only barium manganate and o-iodoxy benzoic acid were successful. The oxidation to the aromatic 1,3,5-tris imidazolyl benzene produces dramatic changes, particularly when the X-ray structures of their tris-TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) salts are compared. While the hexahydro precursor exhibited a herringbone type arrangement in the crystal, the oxidation resulted in almost co-planar molecules that formed parallel stacks separated by 3.57 angstrom between the atoms in separate planes. 1,3-Bis(1H-imidazole-2-yl) benzene is an attractive core unit for assembly using a variety of auxiliaries. Several attempts to complex the bis-imidazole with organic acids failed. These efforts lead to the serendipitous discovery of a novel tetrameric assembly, mediated by water molecules, which was confirmed by crystallization of the bis imidazole from water. C1 [Gilardi, Richard D.; Karle, Isabella L.] Struct Matter Lab, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rajesh, Y. B. R. D.; Ranganathan, Subramania] Indian Inst Chem Technol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), Struct Matter Lab, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10870-007-9286-6 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 243KI UT WOS:000251794900007 ER PT J AU Gavronski, I Ferrer, G Paiva, EL AF Gavronski, Iuri Ferrer, Geraldo Paiva, Ely Laureano TI ISO 14001 certification in Brazil: motivations and benefits SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE sustainability; environmental management systems; ISO 14001; Brazil ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; TECHNOLOGIES; PERFORMANCE; OPERATIONS; STANDARD; STRATEGIES; CORPORATE; IMPACT; GREEN AB Why do firms seek the ISO 14001 certification? This study presents a survey with 63 Brazilian companies from the chemical, mechanical and electronic industries. A Structural Equations Model (SEM) analyzed the relations between motivations and benefits related to the certification. An exploratory factor analysis identified four sources of motivation: reaction to pressures from the external stakeholders; proaction in expectation of future business concerns; legal concerns; and internal influences. Four dimensions characterized the benefits of an ISO 14001 certification: operational changes; financial impacts; relationship with business stakeholders (customers, competitors, suppliers); and relationship with societal stakeholders (government, society and NGOs). The motivations appear in two levels. Internal and legal motivations are the first level (antecedents), while reactive and proactive motivations are second level (consequents). Internal motivations explain reactive and proactive motivations and production benefits. Legal motivations explain proactive motivations, financial benefits, and benefits in relationships with societal stakeholders. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vale Sinos UNISINOS, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Paiva, EL (reprint author), Univ Vale Sinos UNISINOS, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. EM iuri@proxima.adm.br; gferrer@nps.edu; elpaiva@unisinos.br RI Paiva, Ely/G-9494-2012; OI Paiva, Ely/0000-0003-1203-0584; Gavronski, Iuri/0000-0002-5301-4954; Ferrer, Geraldo/0000-0003-1395-6143 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.11.002 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224SD UT WOS:000250465800010 ER PT J AU Ives, RW Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Soldan, DL AF Ives, Robert W. Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Soldan, David L. TI Effects of image compression on iris recognition system performance SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID FACE AB The human iris is perhaps the most accurate biometric for use in identification. Commercial iris recognition systems currently can be found in several types of settings where a person's true identity is required: to allow passengers in some airports to be rapidly processed through security; for access to secure areas; and for secure access to computer networks. The growing employment of iris recognition systems and the associated research to develop new algorithms will require large databases of iris images. If the required storage space is not adequate for these databases, image compression is an alternative. Compression allows a reduction in the storage space needed to store these iris images. This may, however, come at a cost., some amount of information may be lost in the process. We investigate the effects of image compression on the performance of an iris recognition system. Compression is performed using JPEG-2000 and JPEG, and the iris recognition algorithm used is an implementation of the Daugman algorithm. The imagery used includes both the CASIA iris database as well as the iris database collected by the University of Bath. Results demonstrate that compression up to 50:1 can be used with minimal effects on recognition. (C) 2008 SPIE and IS&T. C1 [Ives, Robert W.; Broussard, Randy P.; Kennell, Lauren R.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Soldan, David L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 AR 011015 DI 10.1117/1.2891313 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 296BW UT WOS:000255519500016 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Hollins, RA AF Chapman, Robert D. Hollins, Richard A. TI Benzylamine-free, heavy-metal-free synthesis of CL-20 via hexa(1-propenyl)hexaazaisowurtzitane SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop CY NOV, 2006 CL Washington, DC DE CL-20; hexa-allylhexaazaisowurtzitane; hexa(1-propenyl)hexa-azaisowurtzitane; hexa-nitro-hexa-azaisowurtzitane; polyformylhexa-azaisowurtzitane ID PHOTO-OXYGENATION; MECHANISM; ENAMINES; CLEAVAGE; ACID AB Base-catalyzed isomerization of recently reported hexaallylhexaazaisowurtzitane produced a new derivative, hexa(1-propenyl)hexaazaisowurtzitane (HPIW). Photooxygenation of this intermediate by singlet oxygen oxidized most of the 1-propenyl substituents to formyl substituents. The course of this reaction of singlet oxygen with HPIW involves peroxide intermediates, which may include relatively stable macrocyclic (tetroxocane) derivatives. The resulting nitrolyzable polyformylhexaazaisowurtzitane was found to be a promisingly efficient new precursor to CL-20 (in a single preliminary experiment without any process development). The new intermediate HPIW also underwent direct nitrolysis to form CL-20, though not as efficiently as its photooxygenation product did. C1 [Chapman, Robert D.; Hollins, Richard A.] Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch,Res Div,Res & Intelligence Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch,Res Div,Res & Intelligence Dept, Chem Branch Code 4L4200D,1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 246 EP 273 DI 10.1080/07370650802182385 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 335BA UT WOS:000258264600005 ER PT J AU Cox, CL Brown, PJ Larzelere, JC AF Cox, Christopher L. Brown, Philip J. Larzelere, John C. TI Simulation of C-CP Fiber-Based Air Filtration SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The overall goal of this project is to develop High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter media, using conventional fiber spinning techniques, with lower pressure drop than current media through the use of shaped fibers. Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are gaining interest for use in a range of separations applications. This paper focuses on modeling air filtration where the filter consists of C-CP fibers. A variety of numerical tools are being used in this effort, including a finite element flow solver and Brownian dynamics simulation. Aspects of these techniques in relation to the problem at hand will be described, and simulation results including comparisons to round-fiber filters will be presented. The primary result presented here is the significant difference in predicted pressure drop between a prototype C-CP filter and a round-fiber filter with equal total cross-sectional area. C1 [Cox, Christopher L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Brown, Philip J.] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Larzelere, John C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Cox, CL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM clcox@clemson.edu FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BA07PRO035] FX This work was supported primarily by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency, through the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, under Award Number BA07PRO035. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 423YB UT WOS:000264531600006 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Buckley, JL Coumbe, CE Phillips, JP Stevenson, S AF Wynne, James H. Buckley, James L. Coumbe, Curtis E. Phillips, J. Paige Stevenson, Steven TI Reducing hazardous material and environmental impact through recycling of scandium nanomaterial waste SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE scandium oxide; recycling; scandium metal; nanomaterials; freshwater runoff; metallofullerenes; metallic nitride fullerenes ID RARE-EARTHS; WATER; ENTEROCHELIN; METALS AB The emerging use of scandium and the environmental impact from scandium-containing waste is a rising environmental and health concern. With the development of new materials in the last decade, toxicological studies on those new materials have also been increasing. An example of a process which employs scandium is the generation of metallic nitride fullerene nanomaterials. This process typically generates 99+% scandium waste, as only small amounts of scandium are actually incorporated into the target fullerene molecules. We demonstrate a safe method to recover the scandium content in the waste, reuse the recovered material and successfully demonstrate a comparable product distribution without detectable health and environmental concerns. C1 [Coumbe, Curtis E.; Phillips, J. Paige; Stevenson, Steven] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Wynne, James H.; Buckley, James L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stevenson, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, 118 Coll Dr 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM steven.stevenson@usm.edu OI Stevenson, Steven/0000-0003-3576-4062 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1080/10934520701795483 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262ND UT WOS:000253154300003 PM 18273740 ER PT J AU Bridges, DH Donnelly, MJ Park, JT AF Bridges, David H. Donnelly, Martin J. Park, Joel T. TI Experimental investigation of the submarine crashback maneuver SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In order to decelerate a forward-moving submarine rapidly, often the propeller of the submarine is placed abruptly into reverse rotation, causing the propeller to generate a thrust force in the direction opposite to the submarine's motion. This maneuver is known as the "crashback" maneuver. During crashback, the relative flow velocities in the vicinity of the propeller lead to the creation of a ring vortex around the propeller. This vortex has an unsteady asymmetry, which produces off-axis forces and moments on the propeller that are transmitted to the submarine. Tests were conducted in the William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel using an existing submarine model and propeller. A range of steady crashback conditions with fixed tunnel and propeller speeds was investigated. The dimensionless force and moment data were found to collapse well when plotted against the parameter eta, which is defined as the ratio of the actual propeller speed to the propeller speed required for self-propulsion in forward motion. Unsteady crashback maneuvers were also investigated with two different types of simulations in which propeller and tunnel speeds were allowed to vary. It was noted during these simulations that the peak out-of-plane force and moment coefficient magnitudes in some cases exceeded those observed during the steady crashback measurements. Flow visualization and LDV studies showed that the ring vortex structure varied from an elongated vortex structure centered downstream of the propeller to a more compact structure that was located nearer the propeller as eta became more negative, up to eta=-0.8. For more negative values of eta, the vortex core appeared to move out toward the propeller tip. C1 [Bridges, David H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MI USA. [Donnelly, Martin J.; Park, Joel T.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bridges, DH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MI USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011103 DI 10.1115/1.2813123 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 260NW UT WOS:000253018000003 ER PT J AU Wood, K Supinski, SB AF Wood, Karen Supinski, Stanley B. TI Pandemic influenza tabletop exercises: A primer for the classroom and beyond SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE pandemic; exercise; homeland security AB Concerns of a pandemic outbreak of influenza have been at the forefront of the homeland security and emergency management communities for the past several years. Until an actual pandemic occurs, the question of whether responsible agencies and their operational preparations can adequately handle a pandemic that impacts every jurisdiction will remain unanswered. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services has taken the lead to handle this threat at the federal level, which includes establishing operational plans and developing training. It also includes developing a template for tabletop exercises, Tabletop Exercise for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness in Local Public Health Agencies, which can serve as a model for every jurisdictional level. The exercise is invaluable for public health planning, but there remains room for improvement: its design neglects some of the broader implications of the planning and coordination required of the first response community. This paper is designed to fit most suitably within emergency management and homeland security curriculum as an educational tool to prepare students for the complex realities of an influenza pandemic and the experience of a tabletop exercise. Beyond the classroom, it brings into focus many pandemic issues that exceed the scope of the DHHS pandemic influenza tabletop, but are of no less importance to public health departments and every other stakeholder agency and organization. Specifically, it discusses the role of exercises in emergency management planning, provides an overview of the present pandemic influenza threat, outlines special planning considerations and assumptions relevant to this threat, and reviews the foundations of existing pandemic influenza planning and response materials. It will also ultimately offer an adapted version of Tabletop Exercises for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness in Local Public Health Agencies that addresses the problematic planning areas specifically for public safety and emergency management professionals and should facilitate pandemic-related problem solving for all public and private organizations in the absence of a precisely tailored industry-specific exercise. C1 [Wood, Karen] Virginia Community Healthcare Assoc, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. [Supinski, Stanley B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wood, K (reprint author), Virginia Community Healthcare Assoc, Richmond, VA 23230 USA. EM karen1wood@hotmail.com; sbsupins@nps.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 AR 36 DI 10.2202/1547-7355.1453 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 343TN UT WOS:000258878200005 ER PT J AU Mustafa, A Gillmeister, L Hernandez, WP Larsen, CT Witonsky, S Holladay, SD Kerr, RP Ahmed, SA Santo, A Gogal, RM AF Mustafa, A. Gillmeister, L. Hernandez, W. P. Larsen, C. T. Witonsky, S. Holladay, S. D. Kerr, R. P. Ahmed, S. A. Santo, A. Gogal, R. M., Jr. TI Viability and function in lymphocytes cultured from the horse, chicken, and mouse: Effects of different leukocyte enrichment techniques SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY & IMMUNOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 7-AAD; chicken; horse; lymphocyte isolation; mouse; viability ID DENSITY GRADIENT; NONRADIOACTIVE ASSAY; BLOOD-SAMPLES; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; PROLIFERATION; SEPARATION; CELLS; MICE AB Methods of lymphocyte enrichment tend to vary across species, with the most common techniques employed being density-gradient separation and erythrocyte lysis buffer enrichment. In this study, we assessed lymphocyte viability and proliferation of avian, equine, and murine lymphocytes enriched by a commercial density-gradient technique and under identical, standardized culture conditions. The results of this study clearly show that, under identical enrichment and culture conditions, lymphocyte viability and function can be quite different among the equine, bird, and mouse species. Secondly, the type of enrichment technique employed in the mouse can impact the quality of the immune data generated. C1 [Mustafa, A.; Gillmeister, L.; Holladay, S. D.; Kerr, R. P.; Ahmed, S. A.; Gogal, R. M., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Larsen, C. T.; Witonsky, S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Santo, A.] Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hernandez, W. P.] USN Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Gogal, RM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rgogal@vt.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-1819 J9 J IMMUNOASS IMMUNOCH JI J. Immunoass. Immunoch. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 370 EP 389 DI 10.1080/15321810802329823 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 354NG UT WOS:000259645700006 PM 18821411 ER PT J AU Tulchinsky, DA Boos, JB Park, D Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, David A. Boos, John Brad Park, Doewon Goetz, Peter G. Rabinovich, William S. Williams, Keith J. TI High-current photodetectors as efficient, linear, and high-power RF output stages SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analog photonics; microwave photonics; photodetectors; photodiodes (PD) ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; REFRACTING-FACET PHOTODIODE; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; BANDWIDTH; NONLINEARITY; GHZ AB Recent progress in high-current photodiodes now makes it possible to efficiently generate over +26 dBm of RF power directly from the output of a photodiode. This paper describes two photodetector designs which demonstrate excellent large- and small-signal behavior. Maximum small-signal compression currents have increased to over 700 mA at 300 MHz. Output RF power amplifier stage efficiencies of over 45% (class AB operation) and 35% (class A) have been achieved from 0.3 to 6 GHz with RF power outputs over +26 dBm. The linearity figure of merit (LFOM) is also shown to be greater than 50, leading to the possibility of implementing very high linearity RE power amplifiers in the future. C1 [Tulchinsky, David A.; Boos, John Brad; Park, Doewon; Goetz, Peter G.; Rabinovich, William S.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.tulchinsky@nrl.navy.mil; brad.boos@nrl.navy.mil; doe.park@nrl.navy.mil; goetz@nrl.navy.mil; rabinovich@nrl.navy.ml; keith.williams@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1109/JLT.2007.912503 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 265WC UT WOS:000253391500049 ER PT J AU Ferreira-Coelho, E Rixen, M AF Ferreira-Coelho, Emanuel Rixen, Michel TI Maritime rapid environmental assessment new trends in operational oceanography SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rixen, Michel] NATO, NURC, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Ferreira-Coelho, Emanuel] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rixen, M (reprint author), NATO, NURC, Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM coelho@nrlssc.navy.mil; rixen@nurc.nato.int NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.002 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400001 ER PT J AU Leslie, WG Robinson, AR Haley, PJ Logutov, O Moreno, PA Lermusiaux, PFJ Coelho, E AF Leslie, W. G. Robinson, A. R. Haley, P. J., Jr. Logutov, O. Moreno, P. A. Lermusiaux, P. F. J. Coelho, E. TI Verification and training of real-time forecasting of multi-scale ocean dynamics for maritime rapid environmental assessment SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE prediction; models; operational oceanography; multi-scale analysis; bias correction; Mediterranean sea; Elba; Portugal ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; MODELS; STATISTICS; BIAS AB The Harvard Ocean Prediction System (HOPS) provides real-time and hindcast, multi-scale oceanic field estimates for Maritime Rapid Environmental Assessment (MREA). Results of aspects of the validation, calibration and verification of HOPS for MREA03 and MREA04 are presented, with implications for future MREA exercises. A new method of model training, via bias correction through the use of limited data, was applied to MREA03 and shown to produce significant forecast improvement while reducing computational requirements. Advances in, and the demand for, adaptive modeling, require that aspects of validation, calibration and verification be carried out in real-time in order to expand the usage and relevance of dynamical forecast-based MREA tactical decision aids. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leslie, W. G.; Robinson, A. R.; Haley, P. J., Jr.; Logutov, O.; Moreno, P. A.; Lermusiaux, P. F. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Coelho, E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Leslie, WG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leslie@pacific.harvard.edu RI Lermusiaux, Pierre/H-6003-2011 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.001 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400002 ER PT J AU Ko, DS Martin, PJ Rowley, CD Preller, RH AF Ko, Dong S. Martin, Paul J. Rowley, Clark D. Preller, Ruth H. TI A real-time coastal ocean prediction experiment for MREA04 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ocean prediction; data assimilation; real-time ocean forecast ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; SYSTEM; TRANSPORT; STRAIT; TIDES AB To provide a short-term ocean forecast for sea level variation, current, temperature, and salinity, an ocean nowcast/forecast system has been developed. The system is an integration of a data-assimilating, dynamical ocean model, a statistical data-analysis model, and various data streams for ocean bathymetry, climatological data, surface forcing, open boundary forcing, and observations. The system assimilates satellite data and in-situ measurements to produce an estimation of the current ocean state or nowcast and is forced with a meteorological forecast to produce an ocean forecast. During the MREA04 sea trial, the system was implemented for a region off the Portuguese coast with two-way nested grids and produced real-time ocean forecasts for the period of the experiment. The high density of real-time, in-situ observations during MREA04 provided a unique opportunity for the system to assimilate the in-situ observations in addition to satellite data and to perform a statistically meaningful evaluation of the system's forecast capability. The evaluation shows that the nowcast/forecast system has good skill in predicting the tide and fair skill in predicting the ocean temperature and salinity with overall rms errors of 0.5 degrees C and 0.15 psu for temperature and salinity, respectively. Assimilating in-situ CTD data produced a better nowcast/forecast than assimilating only satellite data. The forecast error increases as the forecast time increases, but the forecast error does not increase significantly over the nowcast error, which indicates that the error in the nowcast is the major source of the forecast error. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Dong S.; Martin, Paul J.; Rowley, Clark D.; Preller, Ruth H.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ko, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ko@nrissc.navy.mil OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.022 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400003 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J May, P Flatau, M Hogan, TF AF Teixeira, Joao May, Paul Flatau, Maria Hogan, Timothy F. TI SST sensitivity of a global ocean-atmosphere coupled system to the parameterization of boundary layer clouds SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ocean-atmosphere coupled systems; global models; sea surface temperature; boundary layer cloud parameterizations ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ECMWF REANALYSIS; CLIMATE MODELS; SCHEME; STRATOCUMULUS; REPRESENTATION; COVER; GCM AB In this note we report on the impact of a more realistic low cloud cover parameterization on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) predicted by an ocean-atmosphere coupled system. In particular, it is shown that the atmospheric model with more realistic boundary layer clouds leads to a more realistic distribution of the SST in the ocean's tropics, subtropics and mid-latitudes. Typical SST biases of up to 5 degrees C in regions under frequently observed stratus and stratocumulus are substantially reduced to unbiased values at places. This represents a substantial SST forecast improvement in terms of operational coupled systems used in the context of Maritime Rapid Environmental Assessment (MREA). (c) 2007 NATO Undersea Research Center (NURC). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Teixeira, Joao] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. [Teixeira, Joao; Flatau, Maria; Hogan, Timothy F.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [May, Paul] CSC, Monterey, CA USA. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. EM teixeira@nurc.nato.int NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.012 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400004 ER PT J AU Allard, R Dykes, J Hsu, YL Kaihatu, J Conley, D AF Allard, Richard Dykes, James Hsu, Y. L. Kaihatu, James Conley, Daniel TI A real-time nearshore wave and current prediction system SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric forcing; bathymetry; longshore currents; surf zone; water level; wave breaking ID COASTAL REGIONS; MODEL AB A nearshore wave, tide and current prediction system was demonstrated during the MREA04 Trial in the Portuguese coastal waters near Pinheiro da Cruz during the early spring of 2004. Daily forecasts of regional scale wave and tidal information and nearshore waves and currents were generated in DIOPS utilizing a suite of regional and nearshore models forced with data from meteorological and oceanographic production centers. A limited beach experiment was conducted with three Nortek current meters deployed in the surf zone and a video imagery system to generate 10-min time exposures used to identify the locations of wave breaking. In this study, Delft3D, a coastal hydrodynamic modeling system, capable of simulating hydrodynamic processes due to waves, tides, rivers, winds and coastal currents, is used to predict the nearshore wave and longshore currents near Pinheiro da Cruz. The nearshore bathymetry used in this study was based on LIDAR data collected in February 2000. Delft3D shows mixed results when compared with the measured wave height and nearshore currents. Improved Delft3D results can be achieved in the future if migrating sand bars can be measured and included in the modeling. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allard, Richard; Dykes, James; Hsu, Y. L.; Kaihatu, James] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Conley, Daniel] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Allard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Allard@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Conley, Daniel/E-8916-2011; Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016; OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409; Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.020 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400005 ER PT J AU Rixen, M Ferreira-Coelho, E Signell, R AF Rixen, M. Ferreira-Coelho, E. Signell, Richard TI Surface drift prediction in the Adriatic Sea using hyper-ensemble statistics on atmospheric, ocean and wave models: Uncertainties and probability distribution areas SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forecast; surface drift; multi-model super-ensembles; linear regression; ocean models; atmospheric models; wave models ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SATELLITE PRODUCTS; COASTAL REGIONS; SHORT-RANGE; SUPERENSEMBLE AB Despite numerous and regular improvements in underlying models, surface drift prediction in the ocean remains a challenging task because of our yet limited understanding of all processes involved. Hence, deterministic approaches to the problem are often limited by empirical assumptions on underlying physics. Multi-model hyper-ensemble forecasts, which exploit the power of an optimal local combination of available information including ocean, atmospheric and wave models, may show superior forecasting skills when compared to individual models because they allow for local correction and/or bias removal. In this work, we explore in greater detail the potential and limitations of the hyper-ensemble method in the Adriatic Sea, using a comprehensive surface drifter database. The performance of the hyper-ensembles and the individual models are discussed by analyzing associated uncertainties and probability distribution maps. Results suggest that the stochastic method may reduce position errors significantly for 12 to 72 h forecasts and hence compete with pure deterministic approaches. (c) 2007 NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rixen, M.; Ferreira-Coelho, E.] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19026 La Spezia, Italy. [Signell, Richard] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ferreira-Coelho, E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rixen, M (reprint author), NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19026 La Spezia, Italy. EM rixen@nurc.nato.int; coelho@nrlssc.navy.mil; rsignell@usgs.gov OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400008 ER PT J AU Signell, RP Carniel, S Chiggiato, J Janekovic, I Pullen, J Sherwood, CR AF Signell, Richard P. Carniel, Sandro Chiggiato, Jacopo Janekovic, Ivica Pullen, Julie Sherwood, Christopher R. TI Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE data collections; information systems; modelling; Adriatic sea AB In MREA and many other marine applications, it is common to have multiple models running with different grids, run by different institutions. Techniques and tools are described for low-bandwidth delivery of data from large multidimensional datasets, such as those from meteorological and oceanographic models, directly into generic analysis and visualization tools. Output is stored using the NetCDF CF Metadata Conventions, and then delivered to collaborators over the web via OPeNDAP. OPeNDAP datasets served by different institutions are then organized via THREDDS catalogs. Tools and procedures are then used which enable scientists to explore data on the original model grids using tools they are familiar with. It is also low-bandwidth, enabling users to extract just the data they require, an important feature for access from ship or remote areas. The entire implementation is simple enough to be handled by modelers working with their webmasters - no advanced programming support is necessary. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Signell, Richard P.; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signell, Richard P.] NATO, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. [Carniel, Sandro] CNR, Inst Marine Sci, I-30125 Venice, Italy. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv IdroMeteorol, I-40122 Bologna, Italy. [Janekovic, Ivica] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Ctr Marine & Environm Res, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Pullen, Julie] USN, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Signell, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rsignell@usgs.gov RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; Janekovic, Ivica/N-7639-2013; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.02.013 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 243FB UT WOS:000251779400014 ER PT J AU Mei, BC Susumu, K Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB Mountziaris, TJ Mattoussi, H AF Mei, Bing C. Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. Mountziaris, T. J. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Modular poly(ethylene glycol) ligands for biocompatible semiconductor and gold nanocrystals with extended pH and ionic stability SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; BASES HSAB; SOFT ACIDS; LIVE CELLS; CDSE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; MONOLAYERS; PEPTIDES; HARD AB We describe the design of new ligands made by coupling commercially available poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG, HO-PEG-OCH(3)) and thioctic acid (TA) via a stable amide bond to form TA-PEG-OCH(3) molecules. The ligands were obtained by a simple transformation of the hydroxyl group on the mPEG into an amine group, followed by attachment of TA via N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling. Following ring opening of the 1,2-dithiolane on the TA-PEG-OCH(3) to form a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) group, DHLA-PEG-OCH(3) was obtained. Cap exchange of nanoparticles with DHLA-PEG-OCH(3) provided dispersions in buffer solutions that were stable over a broad pH range (from 3 to 13 for CdSe-ZnS QDs and 2-13 for Au nanoparticles). Using DHLA-PEG-OCH(3) either neat or mixed with amine- or carboxyl-terminated ligands (DHLA-PEG-NH(2) or DHLA-PEG-COOH) allowed tuning of the surface functionalities of these nanoparticles. Microinjection of the ligand-exchanged QDs into live cells indicated that the newly capped QDs were stable and well dispersed in the cell cytosol for up to 32 h following delivery. The fluorescence distribution and its evolution over time of these DHLA-PEG-OCH(3)-QDs indicate improved intracellular stability and reduced non-specific interactions compared to nanocrystals capped with DHLA-PEG-OH. C1 [Mei, Bing C.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Mattoussi, Hedi] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mei, Bing C.; Mountziaris, T. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Mol Sci & Eng, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL; ONR; ARO; NSF-IGERT [DGE-0504485]; University of Massachusetts FX The authors acknowledge NRL, ONR, ARO, the NSF-IGERT(DGE-0504485) and the University of Massachusetts for financial support. NR 38 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 12 U2 86 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 41 BP 4949 EP 4958 DI 10.1039/b810488c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 359YL UT WOS:000260024100007 ER PT J AU Holmes, SP Li, D Ceraul, SM Azad, AF AF Holmes, Steven P. Li, Dimin Ceraul, Shane M. Azad, Abdu F. TI An aquaporin-like protein from the ovaries and gut of American dog tick (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick; aquaporin; ovary; Dermacentor variabilis ID WATER CHANNELS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; PERMEABILITY; GLYCEROL; ROLES; CELLS AB A cDNA encoding a putative aquaporin was cloned from the ovaries of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae). The encoded protein is most similar to the vertebrate aquaporin 9 protein family. Localization by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows expression in the gut and ovaries of adult females but not in the synganglion, Malpighian tubules, or salivary glands. Quantitative RT-PCR indicates that it is primarily expressed in the ovaries, with approximate to 146 times more transcript than in the gut. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the aquaporin-like protein localized to the plasma membrane. C1 [Holmes, Steven P.] USN, Facil Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Holmes, Steven P.; Ceraul, Shane M.; Azad, Abdu F.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Li, Dimin] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Holmes, SP (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM steven.p.holmes@navy.mil; aazad@umaryland.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI43006]; PHS HHS [R37-7828] NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[68:AAPFTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 255CX UT WOS:000252635500010 PM 18283944 ER PT J AU Stoker, D AF Stoker, Donald TI Advising indigenous forces: American advisors in Korea, Vietnam, and El Salvador SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stoker, Donald] USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stoker, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 252NF UT WOS:000252452500057 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. TI A proposal for a gradient magnetometer atom interferometer SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 06-FEB 10, 2008 CL Snowbird, UT DE magnetometry; atom interferometry; precision sensors ID DYNAMICS; ROTATION AB We propose the utilization of atom interferometry techniques for the measurement of magnetic fields in noisy environments. We find that the interferometer we propose is insensitive (to first order) to the magnetic field but is sensitive to the field gradient. We propose a technique by which a superposition of magnetically sensitive states (a beam splitter) can be achieved. We experimentally demonstrate our techniques to null the magnetic field at the location of a cold atom cloud and how we can probe the population of magnetic sublevels. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM frank@aps.org NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 19-20 BP 3173 EP 3185 DI 10.1080/09500340802468633 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 385GS UT WOS:000261803300009 ER PT J AU Filaseta, M Luca, F Stanica, P Underwood, RG AF Filaseta, M. Luca, F. Stanica, P. Underwood, R. G. TI Galois groups of polynomials arising from circulant matrices SO JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article DE Galois group; Chebyshev polynomial; Dickson polynomial; irreducible polynomial AB Circulant matrices are used to construct polynomials, associated with Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, whose roots are real and made explicit. Then the Galois groups of the polynomials are computed, Giving rise to new examples of polynomials with cyclic Galois groups and Galois groups of order p(p - 1) that are generated by a cycle of length p and a cycle of length p - 1. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Filaseta, M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Luca, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, IMATE, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Stanica, P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, GSEAS, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Underwood, R. G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Math, Montgomery, AL 36124 USA. RP Filaseta, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, 1523 Greene St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM filaseta@math.sc.edu; fluca@matmor.unam.mx; pstanica@nps.edu; runderwo@mail.aum.edu RI Stanica, Pante/D-4017-2009 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-314X J9 J NUMBER THEORY JI J. Number Theory PD JAN PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.jnt.2007.04.003 PG 12 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 262DO UT WOS:000253129400004 ER PT J AU Rychnovsky, JD Brady, MA AF Rychnovsky, Jacqueline D. Brady, Margaret A. TI Choosing a postpartum depression screening instrument for your pediatric practice SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL DEPRESSION; PREDICTORS C1 [Rychnovsky, Jacqueline D.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Brady, Margaret A.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Nursing, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Brady, Margaret A.] Azusa Pacific Univ, Sch Nursing, Azusa, CA USA. RP Rychnovsky, JD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM j.rychnovsky@med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5245 J9 J PEDIATR HEALTH CAR JI J. Pediatr. Health Care PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.09.007 PG 4 WC Health Policy & Services; Nursing; Pediatrics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing; Pediatrics GA 343WY UT WOS:000258887900014 PM 18174093 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Bahr, FL AF Ramp, Steven R. Bahr, Frederick L. TI Seasonal evolution of the upwelling process south of Cape Blanco SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; EL-NINO SIGNAL; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEA-LEVEL; WEST-COAST; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WAVELET ANALYSIS; TRANSITION ZONE AB Bursts of upwelling-favorable winds lasting 4-20 days occur year-round south of Cape Blanco, a major headland on the Oregon coast. The ocean's response to these events was studied using moored current, temperature, and salinity data; satellite SST data; and a few across-shelf sections near the mooring site. The mooring was located at 42 degrees 26.49'N, 124 degrees 34.47'W, 6 n mi off Gold Beach, Oregon, from May 2000 to October 2003. After the spring transition but before upwelling jet separation, equatorward wind stress produced a steady upwelling response much the same as a long, straight coast. Currents and winds had similar spectral characteristics with a peak near 15 days. After jet separation, upwelling-favorable winds forced a much more variable current consisting of a series of thin equatorward jets that evolved and moved offshore across the mooring, with shorter time scales than the wind stress forcing. During autumn, the equatorward wind stress weakened slightly and a transition period occurred, with the flow often poleward along the bottom. During winter, the water column was unstratified during poleward winds and currents with little variation in SST across the shelf. Winter upwelling restratified the water column from the bottom up by drawing cold, salty water onshore along the bottom, with little or no change in SST. This scenario was modulated by strong intraseasonal and interannual variability in the ocean and atmosphere. A wavelet transform analysis of alongshore wind stress and the first empirical orthogonal mode of the alongshore currents revealed strong energy peaks in the 30-70-day band. These signals were particularly clear in the ocean and were not coherent with the local wind stress, suggesting they were due to Kelvin waves of equatorial origin. The shift toward longer (40-45-60 days) periods from 2000 to 2003 was consistent with decreasing (warming) northern oscillation index, suggesting that the period as well as the energy of the intraseasonal waves may be important in transmitting heat poleward during warm years. C1 [Ramp, Steven R.; Bahr, Frederick L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Ra 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sramp@nps.edu NR 50 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3345.1 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257AW UT WOS:000252772600001 ER PT J AU Katritzky, AR Meher, NK Hanci, S Gyanda, R Tala, SR Mathai, S Duran, RS Bernard, S Sabri, F Singh, SK Doskocz, J Ciaramitaro, DA AF Katritzky, Alan R. Meher, Nabin K. Hanci, Sureyya Gyanda, Reena Tala, Srinivasa R. Mathai, Sindhu Duran, Randolph S. Bernard, Sophie Sabri, Firouzeh Singh, Sandeep K. Doskocz, Jacek Ciaramitaro, David A. TI Preparation and characterization of 1,2,3-triazole-cured polymers from endcapped azides and alkynes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; endcapping; gel permeation chromatography; gels; triazole-polymers ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION REACTION; CLICK-CHEMISTRY; 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION; END GROUP; TRIAZOLE DENDRIMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; EFFICIENT; DERIVATIZATION; OLIGOMERS AB Fourteen commercial polyols have been characterized by GPC, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. From these, eight corresponding tosylates, six nitrate esters, seven mesylates, 13 alkynes, and 14 azides have been prepared and all these derivatives have been fully characterized. Five alkyne monomers and eight azide monomers were also prepared. Twelve alkynes and 13 azides (functionality 2-4) were combined in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions under neat conditions to prepare triazole-cured polymers, avoiding any heavy metal catalyst. Characterization by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and gel permeation chromatography indicated triazole polymers 14, 22, 23, 28, and 30 with degrees of polymerization of 17-28 to be the best candidates for future work. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Katritzky, Alan R.; Meher, Nabin K.; Hanci, Sureyya; Gyanda, Reena; Tala, Srinivasa R.; Mathai, Sindhu; Singh, Sandeep K.; Doskocz, Jacek] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hanci, Sureyya] Osmangazi Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Duran, Randolph S.; Bernard, Sophie; Sabri, Firouzeh] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Polymer Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Doskocz, Jacek] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Ciaramitaro, David A.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM katritzky@chem.ufl.edu NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 238 EP 256 DI 10.1002/pola.22376 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246AW UT WOS:000251980900025 ER PT J AU Washington, M Ventresca, MJ AF Washington, Marvin Ventresca, Marc J. TI Institutional contradictions and struggles in the formation of US collegiate basketball, 1880-1938 SO JOURNAL OF SPORT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONS; INDUSTRY; SPORT; TRANSFORMATION; ASSOCIATIONS; ATHLETICS; FIELDS AB The prominence of collegiate athletics in amateur athletics is a historically specific outcome. Research in institutional theory is extended by developing an institutional-conflict-based approach to studying institutional changes of U.S. collegiate athletics. Available secondary sources and extensive original data demonstrate how the NCAA came to dominate the governance structure of U.S. amateur basketball. Discourse about the NCAA came to represent the dominant discourse in amateur basketball, and colleges and universities eliminated the noncolleges and nonuniversities from their play schedules. The NCAA developed a set of institutional strategies aimed at increasing its power in U.S. basketball. An institutional-conflict-based approach is useful for analyzing changes in the institutional structure of sports and demonstrates how governance systems and institutional conflicts impact organizational actions. Sport policy makers and managers should consider the historical context and institutional environment of their sport when making decisions. C1 Univ Alberta, Fac Phys Educ & Recreat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Naval Posgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Poicy, Monterey, CA USA. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Univ Oxford, Said Business Sch, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Washington, M (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Phys Educ & Recreat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0888-4773 J9 J SPORT MANAGE JI J.Sport Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 49 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Management; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics; Sport Sciences GA 253HM UT WOS:000252509300003 ER PT J AU Collis, JM Siegmann, WL Jensen, FB Zampolli, M Kusel, ET Collins, MD AF Collis, Jon M. Siegmann, William L. Jensen, Finn B. Zampolli, Mario Kuesel, Elizabeth T. Collins, Michael D. TI Parabolic equation solution of seismo-acoustics problems involving variations in bathymetry and sediment thickness SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; INTERFACE; LAYERS; SITE AB Recent improvements in the parabolic equation method are combined to extend this approach to a larger class of seismo-acoustics problems. The variable rotated parabolic equation [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3534-3538 (2006)] handles a sloping fluid-solid interface at the ocean bottom. The single-scattering solution [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 808-813 (2007)] handles range dependence within elastic sediment layers. When these methods are implemented together, the parabolic equation method can be applied to problems involving variations in bathymetry and the thickness of sediment layers. The accuracy of the approach is demonstrated by comparing with finite-element solutions. The approach is applied to a complex scenario in a realistic environment. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Collis, Jon M.; Siegmann, William L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Jensen, Finn B.; Zampolli, Mario] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Kuesel, Elizabeth T.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Collins, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collis, JM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jcollis@bu.edu NR 13 TC 23 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1121/1.2799932 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 250HP UT WOS:000252290900005 PM 18177137 ER PT J AU Valdivia, NP Williams, EG Herdic, PC AF Valdivia, Nicolas P. Williams, Earl G. Herdic, Peter C. TI Approximations of inverse boundary element methods with partial measurements of the pressure field SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; SOUND SOURCE RECONSTRUCTION; ACOUSTICAL-HOLOGRAPHY; RAYLEIGH HYPOTHESIS; EQUATION; FORMULATIONS; REDUCTION; RADIATION AB Boundary element methods (BEMs) based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) requires the measurement of the pressure field over a closed surface in order to recover the normal velocity on a nearby conformal surface: There are practical cases when measurements are available over a patch from the measurement surface in which conventional inverse BEM based NAH (IBEM) cannot be applied directly, but instead as an approximation. In this work two main, approximations based on the indirect-implicit methods are considered: Patch IBEM and IBEM with Cauchy data. Patch IBEM can be applied with a continuation procedure, which as its predecessor patch NAH (a well known technique that can be used on separable geometries of the wave equation) continues the pressure field using an iterative procedure, or it can be applied by a direct procedure. On the other hand, IBEM with Cauchy data requires measurements over two conformal patches and it will be shown that this technique will be reliable regardless of the position of the source. The theory behind each method will be justified and validated using a cylindrical surface with numerical data generated by point sources, and using experimental data from a cylindrical fuselage excited by a point force. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Valdivia, Nicolas P.; Williams, Earl G.; Herdic, Peter C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Valdivia, NP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM valdivia@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1121/1.2816568 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 250HP UT WOS:000252290900011 PM 18177143 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Houser, DS Blasko, D Hicks, C Hudson, J Osborn, M AF Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. Blasko, Dave Hicks, Christie Hudson, Jim Osborn, Mike TI Estimating bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) hearing thresholds from single and multiple simultaneous auditory evoked potentials SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; LATERAL SUPPRESSION; FREQUENCY; MODULATION; AMPLITUDE; TONES; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAMS AB Hearing thresholds were estimated in four bottlenose dolphins by measuring auditory evoked responses to single and multiple sinusoidal amplitude modulated tones. Subjects consisted of two males and two females with ages from 4 to 22 years. Testing was conducted in air using a "jawphone" transducer to couple sound into each subject's lower right jaw. Carrier frequencies ranged from 10 to 160 kHz in one-half octave steps. Amplitude modulated stimuli were presented individually and as the sum of four, five, and nine simultaneous tones with unique carrier and modulation frequencies. Evoked potentials were noninvasively recorded using surface electrodes embedded in silicon suction cups. The presence or absence of an evoked response at each modulation frequency was assessed by calculating the magnitude-squared coherence from the frequency spectra of the recorded sweeps. All subjects exhibited traditional "U-shaped" audiograms with upper cutoff frequencies above 113 kHz. The time required for threshold estimates ranged from 23 to 37 min for single stimuli to 5-9 min for nine simultaneous stimuli. Agreement between thresholds estimated from single stimuli and multiple, simultaneous stimuli was generally good, indicating that multiple stimuli may be used for quick hearing assessment when time is limited. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Houser, Dorian S.] Biomimet, Santee, CA 92071 USA. [Blasko, Dave; Hicks, Christie; Hudson, Jim; Osborn, Mike] Mirage Dolphin Habitat, Las Vegas, NV 89109 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 123 IS 1 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.1121/1.2812595 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 250HP UT WOS:000252290900049 PM 18177181 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Martin, PB Tung, C AF Chandrasekhara, M. S. Martin, P. B. Tung, C. TI Compressible dynamic stall performance of a variable droop leading edge airfoil with a Gurney flap SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results of a study using a passive approach to recover the loss of lift that occurred when a variable droop leading edge (VDLE) airfoil was used to successfully control compressible dynamic stall by attaching a small Gurney flap to its trailing edge are reported. Gurney flaps of different heights were tested. The airfoil performance was evaluated by measuring the unsteady pressures while it executed a sinusoidal pitch-up maneuver over a range of Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.4, at different reduced frequencies, with both static and dynamic leading edge droops. Not only was the "lost" lift recovered completely with a 1% chord-height Gurney flap, the drag and moment coefficients were also dramatically reduced and a lift-to-drag ratio greater than 10 was achieved, making it an acceptable choice for this purpose. The improved performance is explained through the basic fluid mechanics of the problem by discussing the various pressure distributions and the surface vorticity fluxes derived from these. C1 [Chandrasekhara, M. S.] USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Martin, P. B.; Tung, C.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, RDECOM, NASA,Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), USN, NASA, Naval Postgrad Sch,Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Joint Inst Aerosp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM Muguru.S.Chandrasekhara@nasa.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300002 ER PT J AU Moon, S Simmerman, C AF Moon, Suresh Simmerman, Clyde TI The art of helicopter usage spectrum development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 01-03, 2005 CL Grapevine, TX SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB In the past 15 years, the Navy has conducted a number of different usage surveys for helicopter models, such as AH-1W, H-46, H-60, and H-3, in an effort to better define fleet usage and to develop accurate usage spectra for each model. The surveys were conducted with various structural usage monitoring systems (SUMSs), such as onboard regime recognition, flight parameter recording, and limited flight parameter recording with a low-cost usage monitoring system. The number of aircraft involved in the survey was 50,20, W, and 7 for the AH-1W, H-46, H-60, and H-3, respectively. The surveys ranged in duration from months to years. This paper presents an innovative technique to use in data recording, sampling, RAM, and storage memory for various monitoring systems and the systematic approach of usage spectrum development using statistical cumulative frequency distribution of usages. The sensitivity of usage spectrum on rotating component fatigue life is studied and used in the usage spectrum refinement. Further optimization of the usage spectrum is carried out with respect to cycle counting and prorating of angle of bank, altitude, velocity, and gross weight. In addition, the contribution of usage spectrum to reliability of computed retirement life is studied. The usage spectra developed using SUMSs are compared with design, operational, and classical AR-56 spectra for various classes of helicopters. The present analysis leads to the conclusion that additional usage monitoring should be conducted to enhance the database, aid in refinement of AR-56 spectra to reflect the actual modern fleet utilization of Navy helicopters, and update associated requirements. Individual helicopter usage monitoring is essential to enhance flight safety and to identify possible logistics cost savings. C1 [Simmerman, Clyde] USN, Rotary Wing Team Lead, Aircraft Strength Branch, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM Suresh.Moon@L-3com.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 68 EP 86 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254CZ UT WOS:000252565300006 ER PT J AU Lee, DK Louk, L Bell, BL AF Lee, Daniel K. Louk, Louis, Jr. Bell, Bryan L. TI Synovial osteochondromatosis involvement in post-traumatic ankle injury SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHONDROMATOSIS; CHONDROSARCOMA; JOINT; TISSUE; FOOT AB Ankle involvement by synovial chondromatosis is unusual. It is unknown whether a post-traumatic event to the ankle induces the formation and development of these lesions. Synovial osteochondromatosis associated with post-traumatic ankle events are rare but suggest trauma to the synovial tissues as being causative, although this has never been statistically confirmed owing to the lack of reports and frequency. We report a case of primary synovial osteochondromatosis involving the tibiotalar joint with painful symptoms after a history of ankle injury, including magnetic resonance imaging findings of this unusual condition. C1 [Lee, Daniel K.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Louk, Louis, Jr.] USN, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Bell, Bryan L.] USN, Med Serv Corps, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Lee, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 350 Dickinson St,MC 8894, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSOC PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 8750-7315 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 255UB UT WOS:000252681900012 PM 18202338 ER PT J AU Fischer, AE Saunders, MP Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR Long, JW AF Fischer, Anne E. Saunders, Matthew P. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Rolison, Debra R. Long, Jeffrey W. TI Electroless deposition of nanoscale MnO2 on ultraporous carbon nanoarchitectures: Correlation of evolving pore-solid structure and electrochemical performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODEPOSITED MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; ANODIC DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; CAPACITIVE CHARACTERISTICS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; NANOSTRUCTURED MNO2; OXIDE; SUPERCAPACITORS; AEROGELS AB The self-limiting redox reaction of carbon nanofoam substrates with permanganate at room temperature in neutral-pH solutions produces conformal nanoscale MnO2 deposits throughout the macroscopic thickness (similar to 0. 17 mm) of the nanofoam structure. The nanoscale MnO2 morphology ranges from similar to 10 not layered ribbons and rods for a 4 h deposition to similar to 20 nm polycrystalline nanoparticles that form at long deposition times (20 h). The through-connected pore network of the carbon nanofoam is maintained at all deposition times (5 min to 20 h), although the average pore size shifts to smaller values and the cumulative pore volume decreases as the MnO2 coatings grow and thicken within the nanofoam structure. The electrochemical capacitance of the resulting hybrid electrode structure is dominated by the pseudocapacitance of the MnO2 and increases with MnO2 loading (a function of the exposure time in permanganate), particularly at low charge-discharge rates and at ac frequencies < 0.1 Hz. The significant enhancement in mass-, volume-, and footprint-normalized capacitance at high MnO2 mass loadings is accompanied by a modest increase in the Warburg resistance that develops as the pore size and void volume of the nanofoam substrate are reduced by internal MnO2 deposition. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Fischer, Anne E.; Saunders, Matthew P.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil NR 61 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP A246 EP A252 DI 10.1149/1.2830548 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 266YB UT WOS:000253472900010 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Garsany, Y Zega, TJ Stroud, RM Schull, T Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, Olga A. Garsany, Yannick Zega, Thomas J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Schull, Terence Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum/Tantalum Oxide Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; SULFURIC-ACID; PLATINUM; CATALYSTS; ALLOY; PERFORMANCE; CO AB We investigate platinum supported on tantalum oxide as a possible catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Three synthetic routes are evaluated to compare activities of tantalum-oxide-supported platinum fuel cell electrocatalysts: (i) deposition of platinum colloids on tantalum oxide followed by mechanical grinding with Vulcan carbon (VC); (ii) deposition of tantalum oxide on VC, followed by the deposition of platinum colloids; and (iii) deposition of Pt colloids on VC, followed by deposition of tantalum oxide. These are compared to a Pt/VC standard made with the same Pt colloids. The area-specific activities for the ORR at 0.9 V are a factor of 1.5 higher for catalysts synthesized via preparation route (ii) compared to a Pt/VC standard. The area-specific activities of the catalysts synthesized via routes (i) and (iii) are close to that of Pt/VC. The higher area-specific activity of the catalyst synthesized by route (ii) may be due to the preferential adsorption of OH groups to the oxide vs platinum surface. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2988730] All rights reserved. C1 [Baturina, Olga A.; Garsany, Yannick; Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Schull, Terence; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baturina, Olga A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU Office of Naval Research FX Support from the Office of Naval Research is greatly appreciated. Y.G. is a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow. We also thank Cindy Kostelansky (Naval Research Lab, Washington DC) for synthesis of Pt colloids and Michelle Johannes (Naval Research Lab, Washington DC) for discussion of platinum-tantalum oxide electronic interaction in terms of density functional theory. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 12 BP B1314 EP B1321 DI 10.1149/1.2988730 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 366KM UT WOS:000260479700033 ER PT J AU Gatewood, DS Ramaker, DE Sasaki, K Swider-Lyons, KE AF Gatewood, Daniel S. Ramaker, David E. Sasaki, Kotaro Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Support effects on water activation and oxygen reduction over Au-SnOx electrocatalysts observed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CO OXIDATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADSORPTION SITES; SHAPE RESONANCE; GOLD CATALYSTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; TIN-OXIDE; FUEL-CELL; IN-SITU; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS AB Gold nanoparticles supported on hydrous tin oxide (Au-SnOx) and mixed with Vulcan carbon are active electrocatalysts for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to water in acid electrolyte below 0.55 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode. In comparison, gold on Vulcan carbon (Au/VC) is inactive for the ORR in acid and generates mostly peroxide (i.e., two-electron reduction). These results imply that the SnOx support imparts the ORR activity of the Au. We study this metal support interaction by in situ X-ray absorption fine structure and near edge spectroscopy at the Au L-3 and Sn K edges in an electrochemical cell. The results for 10 wt % (2 nm) and 20 wt % (2.7 nm) Au nanoparticles supported on SnOx suggest that a bifunctional mechanism plays the dominant role in the ORR reaction below 0.55 V. O-2 adsorbs and dissociates on the SnOx surface with apparent simultaneous electron transfer from the Au and then is reduced further to water by electron transfer from the Au. Enhanced O[H] adsorption occurs at potentials above 1.2 V on the Au-SnOx catalysts. This O[H] adsorption is enhanced through a ligand mechanism involving the SnOx support but has no apparent effect on the ORR. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Gatewood, Daniel S.; Ramaker, David E.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gatewood, Daniel S.; Ramaker, David E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Sasaki, Kotaro] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gatewood, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gatewood@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 8 BP B834 EP B842 DI 10.1149/1.2938725 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323CM UT WOS:000257421600016 ER PT J AU Patrissi, CJ Bessette, RR Kim, YK Schumacher, CR AF Patrissi, Charles J. Bessette, Russell R. Kim, Yong K. Schumacher, Christian R. TI Fabrication and rate performance of a microfiber cathode in a Mg-H(2)O(2) flowing electrolyte semi-fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIBER-FLOCKED SURFACES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MASS-TRANSFER; HEAT-TRANSFER; REDUCTION; H2O2; MECHANISM; BATTERY; DECOMPOSITION; KINETICS AB Three-dimensional electrodes based on an array of carbon microfibers were prepared by a process called direct-charging electrostatic flocking. The cathodes comprised carbon fibers 11 mu m in diameter and 500 mu m long that protruded from a titanium foil support like blades of grass. The fiber density was 125,000 fibers per cm(2) of geometric area. The fibers were coated with an alloy of Pd and Ir to catalyze hydrogen peroxide reduction. The electrochemical performance of catalyst-coated carbon microfiber arrays (CMAs) was investigated in a flowing electrolyte Mg-H(2)O(2) semi-fuel cell. In these studies, CMA-based cathodes showed higher voltages at high current densities, better power densities, and equivalent H(2)O(2) utilization compared to planar cathodes with the same loading of catalyst. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Patrissi, Charles J.; Bessette, Russell R.; Schumacher, Christian R.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Bessette, Russell R.] SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Kim, Yong K.] SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Text Sci, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Patrissi, CJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM patrissicj@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP B558 EP B562 DI 10.1149/1.2901043 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 296DQ UT WOS:000255524100017 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E. TI Relationship between graph theory and percolation approaches in the passivity of Fe-Cr binary alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID; PASSIVATION; MODEL AB The passive film on Fe-Cr binary alloys has been modeled using a network in which Cr(+3) ions occupy sites on a honeycomb lattice and O(-2) ions form a Kagome lattice. Percolation theory is used to determine the critical composition of the oxide film where -Cr(+3)-O(-2)-Cr(+3)- bonds percolate across the oxide film. The calculated result of 0.34 cation fraction Cr(+3) in the oxide film is in excellent agreement with the result obtained previously using graph theory. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Corrosion Science and Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC; Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA FX The author appreciates the encouragement and support of K. E. Lucas, Director of the Center for Corrosion Science and Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, and of Dr. A. Perez of the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 10 BP C501 EP C505 DI 10.1149/1.2958291 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 345DO UT WOS:000258976500030 ER PT J AU Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE El Abedin, SZ Moustafa, EM Endres, F AF Cheek, G. T. O'Grady, W. E. El Abedin, S. Zein Moustafa, E. M. Endres, F. TI Studies on the electrodeposition of magnesium in ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DISSOLUTION AB The electrochemical deposition of magnesium was investigated in the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF(4)), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium triflate (BMP TfO), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (BMP Tf2N). The electrochemical window of the imidazolium ionic liquid was insufficient for reduction of magnesium triflate, whereas the BMP systems can be used for the reduction of several magnesium salts. Studies of the reduction of other magnesium salts were carried out in nonaqueous solvents such as propylene carbonate for comparison with the work in ionic liquids. Stripping peaks for magnesium were observed in solutions of phenylmagnesium chloride in BMP Tf2N at elevated temperatures (150 degrees C). (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Clausthal, Fac Nat & Mat Sci, Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cheek@usna.edu RI Endres, Frank/C-4963-2012; OI Zein El Abedin, Sherif/0000-0001-9319-9976 NR 13 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 81 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP D91 EP D95 DI 10.1149/1.2804763 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 235NO UT WOS:000251241400050 ER PT J AU Sorensen, DN Knott, DL Bell, RF AF Sorensen, D. N. Knott, D. L. Bell, R. F. TI Two-gram DTA as a thermal compatibility tool SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th National Conference on Calorimetry, Thermal Analysis and Chemical Thermodynamics CY DEC 11-15, 2006 CL Milan, ITALY DE compatibility; DTA; explosive; propellant AB A useful alternative to the standard techniques described by the North American Treaty Organization STANAG 4147 for determining thermal compatibilities of an energetic with other materials could be a simple 2-gram scale Differential Thermal Analysis (2gDTA). The 2gDTA system consists of samples introduced into standard size test tubes inserted into a controlled aluminum-heating block. Relatively inexpensive thermocouples are used for both temperature control and data collection. Cost of the entire system is much less than any commercial DSC. Since valuable instrumentation need not be protected, the 2gDTA allows thermal decomposition reactions to proceed to complete runaway, mimicking the true worst-case scenario. C1 [Sorensen, D. N.; Knott, D. L.; Bell, R. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sorensen, DN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM daniel.n.sorensen@navy.mil NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10973-006-8162-5 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 258SG UT WOS:000252889200046 ER PT J AU Hobson, GV Caruso, TM Carlson, JR AF Hobson, G. V. Caruso, T. M. Carlson, J. R. TI Three-component LDV measurements in-the wake of a compressor cascade with flow separation SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASME ID TURBINE CASCADE; DOWNSTREAM AB Measurements were taken of the vortex system and turbulent flow that resulted from the interaction between a stator blade and the approaching endwall boundary layer in a linear cascade of compressor blades. Data were taken at a Reynolds number based on blade chord of 640,000. Five-hole pressure measurements were conducted upstream and downstream of the blade row. The approaching boundary layer was also characterized with the laser-Doppler velocimeter Downstream three-component laser-Doppler velocimetry surveys were conducted at three streamwise stations to map the location and velocity characteristics of the wake and vortex system. Results clearly showed the extent of the vortex emanating from the separation of the boundary layer on the suction side of the blade. Finally, all components of mean flow velocity and turbulence are documented for the last survey station. These data will form a challenging test case for numerical code validation. C1 [Hobson, G. V.; Caruso, T. M.; Carlson, J. R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Turbopropuls Lab, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hobson, GV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Turbopropuls Lab, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 AR 011008 DI 10.1115/1.2364883 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 269HR UT WOS:000253640600008 ER PT J AU Samanta, G Oxberry, GM Beris, AN Handler, RA Housiadas, KD AF Samanta, Gaurab Oxberry, Geoffrey M. Beris, Antony N. Handler, Robert A. Housiadas, Kostas D. TI Time-evolution K-L analysis of coherent structures based on DNS of turbulent Newtonian and viscoelastic flows SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE DNS; K-L analysis; viscoelastic flow; turbulence; coherent structures ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MAXIMUM DRAG REDUCTION; NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE; CHANNEL FLOW; POLYMER ADDITIVES; REYNOLDS-STRESS; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; DISSIPATION; MECHANISMS AB The turbulent dynamics corresponding to direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of Newtonian and viscoelastic turbulent channel flows is analyzed here through a projection of a time sequence of velocity fields into a set of Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) modes, large enough to contain, on the average, more than 90% of the fluctuating turbulence kinetic energy. Previous calculations of the K-L eigenstructure have demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the K-L dimensionality accompanying the presence of viscoelasticity in turbulent channel flows. Projection of turbulent velocity information into the most energetic K-L modes allows for a significant data reduction, most suitable for the study of the time-evolution dynamics. We exploit this feature here in analyzing the time series of the projection coefficients of the velocity field into K-L modes to gain further quantitative insights into the behavior of the overall flow dynamics. The presence of viscoelasticity induces significant changes to the turbulence dynamics as compared to the Newtonian one obtained at the same friction Reynolds number. Namely, it cuts in half the representational entropy constructed from the projection coefficients whereas it doubles the fluctuating kinetic energy. Moreover, dynamic correlation analysis of pairs of K-L coefficients showed a systematic increase in the time scales characterizing dynamic turbulent events with viscoelasticity. These correlations have distinct pulse behavior characteristic of intermittence and quasiperiodicity. Correlations between K-L modes corresponding to different wavenumbers along the principal flow direction depend sensitively on the velocity of the moving frame of reference with respect to which they are calculated, and resonate at characteristic velocities corresponding to the convective velocities of the coherent structures to which the two modes contribute. Based on that, we propose a new two-dimensional analysis of those correlations with respect to both the time and the moving frame velocity in order to detect coherent flow structures and their mean convective velocity. Those show considerable differences when they are calculated with and without the presence of viscoelasticity. C1 [Samanta, Gaurab; Oxberry, Geoffrey M.; Beris, Antony N.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Handler, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Housiadas, Kostas D.] Univ Aegean, Dept Math, Karlovassi, Samos, Greece. RP Beris, AN (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM beris@udel.edu NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 41 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1080/14685240802448626 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 378HR UT WOS:000261312300001 ER PT J AU Borawski, KM Sur, RL Miller, OF Pak, CYC Preminger, GM Kolon, TF AF Borawski, Kristy M. Sur, Roger L. Miller, Oren F. Pak, Charles Y. C. Preminger, Glenn M. Kolon, Thomas F. TI Urinary reference values for stone risk factors in children SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urinary tract; metabolism; reference values; urolithiasis; pediatrics ID IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA; METABOLIC EVALUATION; SUPERSATURATION; UROLITHIASIS; DISEASE AB Purpose: Reference values for stone risk factors in 24-hour urine samples for nonstone forming children are limited. We measured urinary stone risk factors in healthy children 3 to 18 years old, and sought to determine whether the risk factors are affected by age. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 healthy subjects with no history of stone disease, endocrine abnormalities or urological surgery were recruited from the Naval Medical Center in San Diego. Subjects were then further divided into 4 age groups, each separated by 5 years. A single outpatient 24-hour urine sample was obtained and analyzed. Urine chemistries were adjusted for urinary creatinine and body weight. Results: After excluding under collected samples 46 urine samples were analyzed. Urinary pH and volume decreased with increasing age, although the difference in pH did not reach statistical significance. Unadjusted urinary parameters failed to show statistical difference among the age groups. When adjusted for urinary creatinine and body weight all urinary parameters (calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium) decreased with increasing age (statistically significant except for calcium). Conclusions: Stone risk factors in 24-hour urine samples decrease with increasing age in healthy, nonstone forming children. Normative data, derived by adjustment with urinary creatinine or body weight and stratified according to quintiles of age; should be useful in defining abnormal stone risk factors in children with stones. C1 [Sur, Roger L.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Borawski, Kristy M.; Sur, Roger L.; Preminger, Glenn M.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Durham, NC USA. [Sur, Roger L.; Miller, Oren F.; Kolon, Thomas F.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Miller, Oren F.] Urol Specialists Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK USA. [Pak, Charles Y. C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Ctr Mineral Metab & Clin Res, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kolon, Thomas F.] Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Div Pediat Urol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sur, RL (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Rogersur@mac.com RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.163 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 241IN UT WOS:000251650200072 PM 18006021 ER PT J AU West, KG Lu, JW Yu, J Kirkwood, D Chen, W Pei, YH Claassen, J Wolf, SA AF West, Kevin G. Lu, Jiwei Yu, Jiani Kirkwood, David Chen, Wei Pei, Yonghang Claassen, John Wolf, Stuart A. TI Growth and characterization of vanadium dioxide thin films prepared by reactive-biased target ion beam deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; OXIDE FILMS; MOTT TRANSITION; VO2; PHASE; THERMOCHROMISM; TEMPERATURE AB Using a novel growth technique called reactive bias target ion beam deposition, the authors have prepared highly oriented VO2 thin films on Al2O3 (0001) substrates at various growth temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 degrees C. The influence of the growth parameters on the rnicrostructure and transport properties of VO2 thin films was systematically investigated. A change in electrical conductivity of 10(3) was measured at 341 K associated with the well known metal-insulator transition (MIT). It was observed that the MIT temperature can be tuned to higher temperatures by mixing VO2 and other vanadium oxide phases. In addition, a current/electric-field induced MIT was observed at room temperature with a drop in electrical conductivity by a factor of 8. The current densities required to induce the MIT in VO2 are about 3 X 10(4) A/cm(2). The switching time of the MIT, as measured by voltage pulsed measurements, was determined to be no more than 10 ns. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society C1 [West, Kevin G.; Lu, Jiwei; Yu, Jiani; Kirkwood, David; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chen, Wei; Pei, Yonghang; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Claassen, John] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP West, KG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM kevinwest@virginia.edu RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009; chen, wei/K-7121-2012 OI chen, wei/0000-0002-5196-6804 NR 27 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 35 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1116/1.2819268 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 260AM UT WOS:000252982100020 ER PT B AU Garraway, C AF Garraway, Charles BE Stahn, C Kleffner, JK TI THE RELEVANCE OF JUS POST BELLUM: A PRACTITIONER'S PERSPECTIVE SO JUS POST BELLUM: TOWARDS A LAW OF TRANSITION FROM CONFLICT TO PEACE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This essay revisits the challenges of jus post helium from the perspective (illegal practice. It identities four areas of law in which normative uncertainty creates problems on the ground: (i) occupation, (ii) the use of force, (iii) detention and (iv) criminal justice. It argues that a coherent structure covering violence at all levels is needed to assist those tasked with restoring normality to abnormal situations. C1 [Garraway, Charles] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Garraway, C (reprint author), Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-272-7 PY 2008 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-719-7_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-719-7 PG 10 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BYZ82 UT WOS:000300856300009 ER PT B AU Hannah, ST Eggers, JT Jennings, PL AF Hannah, Sean T. Eggers, John T. Jennings, Peter L. BE Graen, GB Graen, JA TI COMPLEX ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP Defining What Constitutes Effective Leadership for Complex Organizational Contexts SO KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN CORPORATION: COMPLEX CREATIVE DESTRUCTION SE LMX Leadership Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PATH-GOAL THEORY; MEMBER EXCHANGE; SELF-COMPLEXITY; TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE; PERSONALITY; IDENTITY; LMX AB This chapter offers a multilevel framework for what we term complex adaptive leadership (CAL). At the macro level, we draw front complexity theory and social network theory to explain how social interactions over diverse: social networks results in emergent behavioral dynamics. At. the micro level, we draw from cognitive complexity research to explain how leader complexity, and particularly self-comptexity, enables the requisite variety of leader behaviors to respond to the demands of complex leadership challenges. We then converge macro and micro perspectives into a meso-level construct, CAL, to explain how leaders influence organizational adaptation and performance. Our model should be particularly useful for creating new flexible organizations for the knowledge era. C1 [Hannah, Sean T.] US Mil Acad, Leadership & Management Programs, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Eggers, John T.] Natl Inst Correct, Fed Bur Prisons, Acad Div, Aurora, CO USA. [Jennings, Peter L.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Eggers, John T.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Hannah, ST (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Leadership & Management Programs, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 163 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 9 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-59311-941-6 J9 LMX LEADERSH SER PY 2008 BP 79 EP 124 PG 46 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BKA18 UT WOS:000267577200005 ER PT J AU Kimura-Suda, H Opdahl, A Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ Petrovykh, DY AF Kimura-Suda, Hiromi Opdahl, Aric Tarlov, Michael J. Whitman, Lloyd J. Petrovykh, Dmitri Y. TI Characterization and Controlled Properties of DNA Immobilized on Gold Surfaces SO KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU LA Japanese DT Article DE Oligonucleotides; DNA; Thymine; Adenine; Immobilization; Surface; Gold; Counterions; FTIR; XPS ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PLASMON RESONANCE; IONIC-STRENGTH; ESCA SPECTRA; HYBRIDIZATION; ADSORPTION; THYMINE; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We investigated the immobilization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold using two complementary surface spectroscopies: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Immobilization of ssDNA depends on its sequence and on the buffer composition. Buffers with higher salt concentration and divalent cations result in higher saturation densities of immobilized DNA. The relative adsorption affinities of homo-oligonucleotides for gold are strongly nucleobase-dependent: A > C >= G > T. The high affinity of oligo (dA) for gold causes dA . dT hybrids to denature and d (T-m-A(n)) block oligonucleotides to absorb on gold via the d (A) blocks. As a result, the d (T) blocks extend away from the surface in a brush-like conformation and the grafting density of d (T.-A,) is controlled by the length of the d (A) blocks. Applying this effect, a desirable brush-like conformation can be achieved at grafting densities < 10(13) DNA/cm(2) that are considered optimal for DNA hybridization. C1 [Kimura-Suda, Hiromi; Opdahl, Aric; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Whitman, Lloyd J.; Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petrovykh, Dmitri Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kimura-Suda, H (reprint author), PerkinElmer Japan Co Ltd, Hodogaya Ku, 134 Godo Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2400005, Japan. RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC POLYMER SCIENCE JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TSUKIJI DAISAN NAGAOKA BLDG, 2-4-2 TSUKIJI, CHUO-KU, TOKYO, 104, JAPAN SN 0386-2186 J9 KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU JI Kobunshi Ronbunshu PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1295/koron.65.46 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 364IW UT WOS:000260330400006 ER PT J AU Howell, PB Golden, JP Hilliard, LR Erickson, JS Mott, DR Ligler, FS AF Howell, Peter B., Jr. Golden, Joel P. Hilliard, Lisa R. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Mott, David R. Ligler, Frances S. TI Two simple and rugged designs for creating microfluidic sheath flow SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CYTOMETRY; DEVICE; CELLS; PARTICLES; CHANNEL; CHIP; SORTER; LIGHT AB A simple design capable of 2-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing is proposed and successfully demonstrated. In the past, most microfluidic sheath flow systems have often only confined the sample solution on the sides, leaving the top and bottom of the sample stream in contact with the floor and ceiling of the channel. While relatively simple to build, these designs increase the risk of adsorption of sample components to the top and bottom of the channel. A few designs have been successful in completely sheathing the sample stream, but these typically require multiple sheath inputs and several alignment steps. In the designs presented here, full sheathing is accomplished using as few as one sheath input, which eliminates the need to carefully balance the flow of two or more sheath inlets. The design is easily manufactured using current microfabrication techniques. Furthermore, the sample and sheath fluid can be subsequently separated for recapture of the sample fluid or re-use of the sheath fluid. Designs were demonstrated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using soft lithography and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using micromilling and laser ablation. C1 [Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Golden, Joel P.; Hilliard, Lisa R.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mott, David R.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI075489-02, U01AI075489, U01 AI075489] NR 38 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1103 DI 10.1039/b719381e PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 320LT UT WOS:000257236900015 PM 18584084 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang TI Slavery, emancipation, and freedom: Comparative perspectives SO LABOR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-Siang] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0023-656X J9 LABOR HIST-UK JI Labor Hist. PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 516 EP 518 PG 3 WC History; History Of Social Sciences; Industrial Relations & Labor SC History; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics GA 355EU UT WOS:000259693000014 ER PT J AU Tzortziou, M Neale, PJ Osburn, CL Megonigal, JP Maie, N Jaffe, R AF Tzortziou, Maria Neale, Patrick J. Osburn, Christopher L. Megonigal, J. Patrick Maie, Nagamitsu Jaffe, Rudolf TI Tidal marshes as a source of optically and chemically distinctive colored dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BRACKISH MARSHES; NATURAL-WATERS; RIVER ESTUARY; FULVIC-ACIDS; RHODE RIVER; FLUORESCENCE; CARBON AB The role of tidal marshes as a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) for adjacent estuarine waters was studied in the Rhode River subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. Water in a tidal creek draining brackish, high-elevation marshes was sampled every hour during several semidiurnal tidal cycles in order to examine the tidal exchange of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Water leaving the marsh during ebbing tide was consistently enriched in DOC compared to water entering the marsh during flooding tide. There was a net DOC export from the marsh to the estuary during seasons of both low and high marsh plant biomass. Optical analysis demonstrated that, in addition to contributing to the carbon budgets, the marsh had a strong influence on the estuary's CDOM dynamics. Marsh-exported CDOM had optical properties that were consistently and markedly different from those of CDOM in the adjacent estuary. Specifically, marsh CDOM had: (1) considerably stronger absorption, (2) larger DOC-specific absorption, (3) lower exponential spectral slope, (4) larger fluorescence signal, (5) lower fluorescence per unit absorbance, and (6) higher fluorescence at wavelengths >400 nm. These optical characteristics are indicative of relatively complex, high-molecular-weight, aromatic-rich DOM, and this was confirmed by results of molecular-weight-distribution analysis. Our findings illustrate the importance of tidal marshes as sources of optically and chemically distinctive dissolved organic compounds, and their influence on CDOM dynamics, DOC budgets, and, thus, photochemical and biogeochemical processes, in adjacent estuarine ecosystems. C1 [Tzortziou, Maria] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tzortziou, Maria; Neale, Patrick J.; Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Maie, Nagamitsu; Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Tzortziou, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martz@code613-3.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 52 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0148 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500013 ER PT J AU Zugger, ME Messmer, A Kane, TJ Prentice, J Concannon, B Laux, A Mullen, L AF Zugger, Michael E. Messmer, Alicia Kane, Timothy J. Prentice, Jennifer Concannon, Brian Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda TI Optical scattering properties of phytoplankton: Measurements and comparison of various species at scattering angles between 1 degrees and 170 degrees SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VOLUME; ATTENUATION; OCEAN; CELLS; SIZE AB We describe the results of a laboratory scattering experiment performed to investigate differences in the optical scattering properties between five common phytoplankton species (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana, Nanochloropsis, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira weissflogii). Data sets were taken at scattering angles 1 degrees to 170 degrees at incident polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the scattering plane. Differences between the species were especially apparent in the slopes at near-forward (1 degrees-10 degrees) angles and the enhanced scattering at near-backward (150 degrees-165 degrees) angles. There were also notable differences observed between the depolarization ratios, especially at scattering angles between 70 degrees and 110 degrees. The data are shown to be not only helpful in differentiating several species from each other, but also in separating the phytoplankton from bubble/hydrosol contributions to the ocean's inherent optical properties. The results presented here motivate the development of in situ large-angle polarimetric scatterometers and associated retrieval algorithms. C1 [Zugger, Michael E.; Kane, Timothy J.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Messmer, Alicia; Kane, Timothy J.] Penn State Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Prentice, Jennifer; Concannon, Brian; Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kane, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0381 PG 6 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500033 ER PT S AU Martin, K Panangaden, P AF Martin, Keye Panangaden, Prakash BE Beckmann, A Dimitracopoulos, C Lowe, B TI Domain theory and the causal structure of space-time SO LOGIC AND THEORY OF ALGORITHMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Computability in Europe (CiE 2008) CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE AB We prove that a globally hyperbolic spacetime with its causality relation is a bicontinuous poset whose interval topology is the manifold topology. From this one can show that from only a countable dense set of events and the causality relation, it is possible to reconstruct a globally hyperbolic spacetime in a purely order theoretic manner. The ultimate reason for this is that globally hyperbolic spacetimes belong to a category that is equivalent to a special category of domains called interval domains. We obtain a mathematical setting in which one can study causality independently of geometry and differentiable structure, and which also suggests that spacetime emerges from something discrete. C1 [Martin, Keye] Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Panangaden, Prakash] McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Martin, K (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil; prakash@cs.mcgill.ca NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69405-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5028 BP 428 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-69407-6_46 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHV87 UT WOS:000256879500046 ER PT B AU Rendon, RG Snider, KF AF Rendon, Rene G. Snider, Keith F. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI PROJECT-MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the definition of a project Describe the characteristics of a project Understand the triple constraint and its impact on the project manager Differentiate between projects and routine operations Differentiate between project management and other disciplines Discuss the project life cycle and its importance in managing projects Understand the interdisciplinary nature of project management Identify the three decision support systems that affect acquisition outcomes C1 [Rendon, Rene G.; Snider, Keith F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rendon, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800001 ER PT B AU Snider, KF AF Snider, Keith F. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI DEFENSE ACQUISITION'S PUBLIC POLICY IMPRINT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the relationship between "policy" and "politics" Understand the importance of public policy in defense acquisition management Describe various makers of acquisition policy and their roles Describe ways in which acquisition policy originates Describe various ways in which acquisition policy is expressed Describe several areas of acquisition policy C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 17 EP 34 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800002 ER PT B AU Snider, KF AF Snider, Keith F. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI INITIATING DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the two principal ways in which acquisition projects begin Describe the general process of need development Understand the decomposition of a need into operational requirements Describe operational requirements and key performance parameters Describe the three categories of science and technology (S&T) efforts Understand how S&T efforts contribute to acquisition projects Describe advanced concept technology demonstrations (ACTDs) C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800003 ER PT B AU Huynh, TV Snider, KF AF Huynh, Thomas V. Snider, Keith F. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Appreciate the value of systems-engineering efforts in project management Define systems and systems engineering Describe the systems-engineering process: its inputs and outputs, its steps, and system analysis and control activities Describe the purpose and importance of configuration management Identify the various types of specifications and baselines Understand the importance of systems integration Know the purpose of design reviews in the systems-engineering process Describe the systems-engineering master plan (SEMP) and master schedule (SEMS) Describe the content and use of the work breakdown structure (WBS) Know the purpose of technical performance measures (TPMs) Understand the relationship between systems-engineering activities and the phases and milestones of the project life cycle. Describe systems of systems, their importance, and challenges in their management Understand characteristics of open systems and open architectures Describe modular open system approaches (MOSA) C1 [Huynh, Thomas V.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Snider, Keith F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Huynh, TV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 45 EP 61 PG 17 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800004 ER PT B AU Osmundson, JS AF Osmundson, John S. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the importance of software project management Understand the challenges of managing software projects Understand the influence that requirements analysis has on the success or failure of software projects Learn the differences and applicability of various software development models, including waterfall, spiral, and agile development models Be exposed to how key features of the unified modeling language (UML) aid in the successful development of software projects Be cognizant of the challenges of software project cost estimation and approaches to meet those challenges Learn fundamentals of monitoring software project progress Understand the importance of configuration management, testing, and maintenance Understand basic risk-reward tradeoffs of software reuse and use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Osmundson, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 63 EP 83 PG 21 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800005 ER PT B AU Naegle, B AF Naegle, Brad BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI LOGISTICS AND SUSTAINMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand that logistics is a system performance attribute Describe acquisition's role in logistics supportability performance Understand logistics supportability design impact on total ownership cost Describe the IO logistics elements Describe design for supportability performance in the systems engineering process Describe supportability analyses Understand system failure or wear-out patterns Understand the importance of driving supportability performance in the request for proposal Describe supply-chain management Describe contractor logistics support Describe performance-based logistics (PBL) C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Naegle, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 85 EP 108 PG 24 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800006 ER PT B AU Naegle, B Snider, KF AF Naegle, Brad Snider, Keith F. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI TEST AND EVALUATION MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the purposes of T&E Distinguish between DT&E and OT&E Understand the difference between operational effectiveness and operational suitability Understand major T&E legislation Describe the purposes of LFT&E Describe how the DoD organizes for T&E Understand the contributions of program documents in T&E planning Describe the role and content of the TEMP Understand how statistical methods are used in T&E and limitations of those methods Describe the role of modeling and simulation in T&E C1 [Naegle, Brad; Snider, Keith F.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Naegle, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 109 EP 119 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800007 ER PT B AU Rendon, RG AF Rendon, Rene G. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI RISK MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define risk and risk management, and relate it to project management Understand the risk-management process Define risk planning, risk identification, risk analysis, fisk-response planning, and risk monitoring and control, and. explain the activities that occur in each Understand the fisk-management tools and techniques used in project management Appreciate the value and use of a risk-management plan Be familiar with the current trends in risk management in the DoD project-management environment C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rendon, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 121 EP 138 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800008 ER PT B AU Boudreau, M AF Boudreau, Michael BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the defense industrial base Describe the defense manufacturing spectrum Identify manufacturing activities and considerations at various points during the project life cycle Understand the connection between manufacturing and systems engineering Describe manufacturing readiness levels Describe producibility considerations as they pertain to manufacturing efficiency Identify the six manufacturing elements Describe manufacturing initiatives such as lean and enterprise resource planning (ERP) Describe the "house of quality" construct Describe quality management systems and quality initiatives Outline DOD policies on quality C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Boudreau, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 139 EP 157 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800009 ER PT B AU Rendon, RG AF Rendon, Rene G. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI CONTRACT MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how contract management is an essential part of the management of defense acquisition projects Discuss the sources of contracting authority for government contracting officers Identify some of the contracting regulations used in defense contracting List some of the statutory requirements and some common government socioeconomic programs that are supported by the defense contracting process Explain the roles and responsibilities of the contracting officer, program manager, and contractor personnel, as well as the relationship between the contracting officer and other members of the project team Understand the six phases of the contract-management process, from both the government and contractor perspectives Describe the contracting activities involved in each of the six phases of the contract-management process, from both the government and contractor perspectives Understand some of the statutory and regulatory requirements affecting the six phases of the contract-management process Describe some of the emerging trends and current challenges and opportunities in defense contracting C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rendon, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 159 EP 188 PG 30 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800010 ER PT B AU Candreva, PJ AF Candreva, Philip J. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-OPINION; UNITED-STATES; DEFENSE AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the DoD financial management framework and how it overlaps with the acquisition framework, including roles and functions and the DoD resource-allocation process Explain the characteristics of a "good" budget for an acquisition program Give an overview of the key concepts of federal appropriations law that affects acquisition Discuss the roles of, and the program office's relationship with, Congress and industry with respect to the financial aspects of acquisition management Identify how key financial-management concerns evolve along an acquisition program's life cycle State how timeless questions in public financial management shape the environment for defense acquisition Apply concepts from this chapter to real-world examples C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Def Management Reform, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Candreva, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Def Management Reform, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 189 EP 230 PG 42 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800011 ER PT B AU Snider, KF Dillard, JT AF Snider, Keith F. Dillard, John T. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the importance of earned value management as a project-management tool Describe how the performance measurement baseline is developed Given data for a simple contract, calculate variances and other metrics to evaluate contract performance to date and to forecast future performance C1 [Snider, Keith F.; Dillard, John T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800012 ER PT B AU Hudgens, B AF Hudgens, Bryan BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI STRATEGIC PURCHASING SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Appreciate the role of purchasing as an element of organizational strategy Comprehend how strategic purchasing contributes to competitive advantage Comprehend strategic factors involved in outsourcing organizational functions Appreciate the role of purchasing within the context of supply-chain management Comprehend the importance of supplier relationships and supply-base management Appreciate various strategic analysis tools relevant to strategic sourcing Appreciate factors influencing the organization of a strategic purchasing function C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hudgens, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 241 EP 257 PG 17 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800013 ER PT B AU Dillard, JT AF Dillard, John T. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the decesion-making structure for acquisition projects Understand various ways in which program-management offices may be organized Describe the use of integrated product teams in acquisition projects Understand contributions of organizational theorists to defense acquisition Describe the relationships among project cost, control, and risk C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dillard, JT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 259 EP 265 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800014 ER PT B AU Rendon, RG AF Rendon, Rene G. BE Rendon, RG Snider, KF TI DEFENSE ACQUISITION WORKFORCE SO MANAGEMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROJECTS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand how the Department of Defense defines the acquisition workforce and identify the specific acquisition-related functional areas Explain the purpose of the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act Explain the purpose of the Defense Acquisition University Understand the purpose of the AT&L Human Capital Strategic Plan Discuss the attempts by the private sector to professionalize the acquisition workforce Explain some of the current challenges related to the defense acquisition workforce C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rendon, RG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-950-2 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2008 BP 267 EP 279 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKE80 UT WOS:000267904800015 ER PT J AU Regnier, E AF Regnier, Eva TI Public evacuation decisions and hurricane track uncertainty SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; risk; natural systems; disaster planning; public evacuations ID ATLANTIC BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LANDFALL; WOLF AB Public officials with the authority to order hurricane evacuations face a difficult trade-off between risks to life and costly false alarms. Evacuation decisions must be made on the basis of imperfect information, in the form of forecasts. The quality of these decisions can be improved if they are also informed by measures of uncertainty about the forecast, including estimates of the value of waiting for updated, more accurate, forecasts. Using a stochastic model of storm motion derived from historic tracks, this paper explores the relationship between lead time and track uncertainty for Atlantic hurricanes and the implications of this relationship for evacuation decisions. Typical evacuation clearance times and track uncertainty imply that public officials who require no more than a 10% probability of failing to evacuate before a striking hurricane ( a false negative) must accept that at least 76%-and for some locations over 90%-of evacuations will be false alarms. Reducing decision lead times from 72 to 48 hours for major population centers could save an average of hundreds of millions of dollars in evacuation costs annually, with substantial geographic variation in savings. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Regnier, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eregnier@nps.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 38 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0025-1909 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1287/mnsc.1070.0764 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 252BU UT WOS:000252420600002 ER PT J AU Weise, MJ Harvey, JT AF Weise, Michael J. Harvey, James T. TI Temporal variability in ocean climate and California sea lion diet and biomass consumption: implications for fisheries management SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Zalophus californianus; El Nino; La Nina; Prey consumption; Bioenergetics model; Trophic interactions; Regime shift ID SQUID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; MARKET SQUID; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PHOCA-VITULINA; FECAL SAMPLES; PREY; ISLAND; RESOURCES AB Key to understanding ecosystem structure and function in the California Current System is quantitative modeling of trophic interactions of California sea lions Zalophus californianus, one of the largest and most abundant predators in this system, and how these interactions are affected by climate variability. Because sea lions consume almost exclusively commercially important prey species, we hypothesized that the potential for competition for specific prey resources would vary with environmental conditions. We evaluated seasonal and annual variation in sea lion diet in Monterey Bay during the strong 1997-98 El Nino and subsequent 1999 La Nina through the examination and identification of prey hard parts found in fecal samples. Annual consumption was modeled using population size, dietary data, sea lion energetics, and prey energy content. Sea lions were plastic specialists, feeding on seasonally abundant aggregating prey, exploiting several species at. a time. Short-term seasonal changes in diet corresponded with prey movement and life history patterns, whereas long-term annual changes corresponded with large-scale ocean climate shifts, namely the large 1997-98 El Nino and 1999 La Nina. Annual sea lion consumption of specific prey varied as a function of ocean climate, with an estimated 17 154 t prey consumed in 1998 and 20 229 t in 1999, Sea lion consumption was similar in magnitude to fisheries landings for several prey species and has the potential to adversely impact specific prey resources and directly compete with these fisheries; however, the degree of competition depends on spatial and temporal overlap of fisheries and sea lion foraging efforts. C1 [Weise, Michael J.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Weise, MJ (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Mammals & Biol Program, 875 N Randolph,Suite 1068, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM michael.j.weise@navy.mil FU Center for Integrative Marine Technologies; Moore and Packard Foundations; California Sea Grant Program; Office of Naval Research FX This study could not have been completed without the countless hours of help from MLML Students and interns collecting and processing fecal samples. S. Davis was instrumental in aerial photography for aerial surveys. Special thanks to the Santa Cruz municipal wharf, United States Coast Guard, and California State Parks for allowing us access to pinniped haul-outs, This project was supported by funding from the Fishermen's Alliance of California, Monterey Bay Chapter, The David and Lucille Packard Foundation, and J. Scordino at the National Marine Fisheries Service through the West Coast Expanding Pinniped Program. Continued analysis and writing of this work was supported by the Center for Integrative Marine Technologies and the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics With Support from the Moore and Packard Foundations, California Sea Grant Program, and the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful for the constructive comments by G. Cailliet, R. DeLong, Y. Tremblay, and S. Simmons, This work was conducted under NMFS permit number 87-1593-05. NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 373 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps07737 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398KM UT WOS:000262731000013 ER PT J AU Berline, L Spitz, YH Ashjian, CJ Campbell, RG Maslowski, W Moore, SE AF Berline, L. Spitz, Y. H. Ashjian, C. J. Campbell, R. G. Maslowski, W. Moore, S. E. TI Euphausiid transport in the Western Arctic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE euphausiid; Thysanoessa spp.; Bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; Western Arctic Ocean; Chukchi Sea; lagrangian drifter; zooplankton advection model ID THYSANOESSA-INERMIS KROYER; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; BOWHEAD WHALES; LIFE-HISTORY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; KRILL TRANSPORT; SOUTH GEORGIA; BARENTS SEA; CHUKCHI SEA; SCOTIA SEA AB Euphausiids are commonly found in the stomachs of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus hunted near Barrow, Alaska; however, no evidence exists of a self-sustaining population in this region. To explain euphausiid presence near Barrow, their transport from the northern Bering Sea was investigated through particle tracking experiments using velocity fields from an ocean general circulation model in 4 contrasted circulation scenarios (1997, 1998, 2002 and 2003). Euphausiids were released during their spawning season (April-June) in the bottom and surface layers in the northern Bering Sea, their endemic region, and tracked through the Chukchi-Beaufort Sea. Results show that both Anadyr Gulf and Shpanberg Strait are potential regions of origin for euphausiids. Topographically steered bottom particles have 4 to 5 times higher probability of reaching Barrow than surface particles (ca. 95% versus 20% of particles). As euphausiids are often found near the bottom on the northern Bering shelf, this suggests a very high probability of euphausiids reaching Barrow, making this location a privileged area for whale feeding. The main pathways to Barrow across the Chukchi Sea shelf are Central Valley (CV) and Herald Valley (HV). The transit to Barrow takes 4 to 20 mo. Arrivals at Barrow have 2 peaks at ca. 200 d (fall, CV particles) and 395 d after release (spring, mixed CV and HV) on average, because of the seasonal cycle of the Chukchi Sea currents. Elevated euphausiid abundance in the fall at Barrow is favored by a high Bering Strait northward transport and by southerly winds, driving organisms through CV rather than through the HV pathway. C1 [Berline, L.; Spitz, Y. H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ashjian, C. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Campbell, R. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Maslowski, W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Moore, S. E.] Univ Washington, APL, AFSC, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Berline, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM leo@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Berline, Leo/0000-0002-5831-7399 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 360 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.3354/meps07387 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 317WH UT WOS:000257050600015 ER PT J AU Britton-Simmons, K Eckman, JE Duggins, DO AF Britton-Simmons, Kevin Eckman, James E. Duggins, David O. TI Effect of tidal currents and tidal stage on estimates of bed size in the kelp Nereocystis luetkeana SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; aerial photography; shore-based photography; kelp; bed size estimates; tidal currents; tidal height; nereocystis luetkeana ID SEA OTTERS; UNDERSTORY; ECOLOGY AB Aerial or overhead photography is a technique commonly used to measure spatio-temporal variability in surface canopy kelps. To evaluate potential biases in this technique, we used elevated (shore-based) oblique angle photography coupled with in situ measurements of currents and tides to sample 4 independent Nereocystis luetkeana beds at sites adjacent to San Juan Island (Washington State, USA) in 2004 and 2005. Data were collected at high frequency (every 10 min) to quantify the effects of tidal height and tidal currents on the amount of N. luetkeana visible at the surface. Effects of tidal height were highly significant in all 6 time series. Current significantly affected apparent bed size in 5 of the 6 time series, although the magnitude of the effect varied among sites. N. luetkeana beds decrease in apparent size as current velocity increases and as tidal level increases. Currents can fluctuate rapidly, changing by many 10s of cm s(-1) over periods as short as 10 min, due in large part to interactions of tides with local topography and bathymetry close to shore, where kelp beds are typically found. As a result, currents can introduce significant variability to estimates of kelp population size collected by remote sensing techniques. C1 [Britton-Simmons, Kevin; Duggins, David O.] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Eckman, James E.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Britton-Simmons, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM aquaman@u.washington.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 355 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.3354/meps07209 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 280NH UT WOS:000254433000009 ER PT J AU Ryan, JP Mcmanus, MA Paduan, JD Chavez, FP AF Ryan, J. P. Mcmanus, M. A. Paduan, J. D. Chavez, F. P. TI Phytoplankton thin layers caused by shear in frontal zones of a coastal upwelling system SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; thin plankton layers; coastal upwelling system; shear; thermocline ID MONTEREY BAY; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; CALIFORNIA; RADAR; SEA AB Using multidisciplinary observations from regional- to small-scale, we examined the development of thin phytoplankton layers in water mass frontal zones of a coastal upwelling system. Two fronts developed successively in the same region of Monterey Bay, California, USA, during August and September 2003: (1) when warm, fresh offshore waters flowed into the bay following relaxation and reversal of upwelling favorable winds, and (2) when a cold upwelling filament flowed into the bay after upwelling favorable winds resumed. Thin phytoplankton layers were observed during the presence of both fronts. The layers exhibited peaks in chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscattering, indicating biomass maxima in the layers. Maximum chlorophyll concentrations in the layers ranged from 11 to 37 mu g l(-1) and were 4 to 55 times greater than background levels. Layer vertical thickness ranged from 1 to 5 m, averaging 2.3 m. All thin layers were in the thermocline, near the 12.5 degrees C isotherm, and the depth of the layers varied between 12 and 33 m, in parallel with variations in thermocline depth. Synoptic mapping of the first frontal zone shortly before the thin layers developed showed strong phytoplankton patchiness. The role of vertical shear in thin layer formation from phytoplankton patches is supported by multiple results: (1) most thin layers (92%) were associated with sharp changes in the direction of horizontal currents; (2) layer thickness was significantly (p < 0.03) negatively correlated with shear; (3) the median shear profile, computed from all thin layer velocity profiles, peaked sharply at the center of thin layers. C1 [Ryan, J. P.; Chavez, F. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Mcmanus, M. A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Paduan, J. D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ryan, JP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryjo@mbari.org NR 28 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 354 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.3354/meps07222 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 268WB UT WOS:000253609500003 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Gomez-Rubio, A Finneran, JJ AF Houser, Dorian S. Gomez-Rubio, Alex Finneran, James J. TI Evoked potential audiometry of 13 Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gilli) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auditory evoked potential; hearing sensitivity; audiometry; Pacific bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus gilli ID INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; AUDITORY-SYSTEM; NOISE EXPOSURE; THRESHOLDS; SENSITIVITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AUDIOGRAMS; COHERENCE AB Evoked potential audiograms were measured in 13 Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gilli) to determine the variability in hearing sensitivity and range of hearing. The auditory evoked potential system used a transducer embedded in a suction cup to deliver sinusoidal amplitude modulated tones to each dolphin through the pan region of the lower right jaw. Evoked potentials were recorded noninvasively using surface electrodes, and hearing thresholds were estimated by tracking the amplitude of the envelope following response, an evoked potential that is phase-locked to the stimulus modulation rate. Frequencies tested ranged from 10 to 180 kHz in each animal. Variability in the range of hearing and age-related reductions in hearing sensitivity and range of hearing were consistent with those observed in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Comparison of audiograms to a captive population of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins demonstrated that the Pacific bottlenose dolphins tested in this study had significantly lower thresholds at frequencies of 40 and 60-115 kHz. Differences in thresholds between the groups are unlikely to be due to methodological factors. C1 [Gomez-Rubio, Alex] Dolphin Adventure, Nuevo Vallarta 63732, Nayarit, Mexico. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Sand Diego, Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), 7951 Shantung Dr, Santee, CA 92071 USA. EM biomimetica@cox.net OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 50 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00148.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500003 ER PT J AU Venn-Watson, S Smith, CR Dold, C Ridgway, SH AF Venn-Watson, Stephanie Smith, Cynthia R. Dold, Christopher Ridgway, Sam H. TI Use of a serum-based glomerular filtration rate prediction equation to assess renal function by age, sex, fasting, and health status in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; glomerular filtration rate; kidney; renal; renal disease; GFR prediction equation ID KIDNEY-FUNCTION; COCKCROFT-GAULT; DISEASE; DIET; GFR; POPULATION; CREATININE; SCHWARTZ; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a direct measurement of renal function. Although clearance tests using 24-h urine collection or blood sample series are gold standards for measuring GFR, serum-based prediction of GFR based upon the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation is acceptable for routine use in human adults. The purpose of our study was to assess the ability for a modified MDRD Study equation to predict expected changes in GFR in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using a healthy dolphin population represented by 1,103 routine serum samples collected from 50 dolphins of all age groups, years 1998-2005. Predicted GFR was also calculated from serum collected from a 32-yr-old male dolphin with end-stage renal disease. The dolphin-adjusted MDRD equation predicted GFR changes in our population that paralleled what has previously been reported in other mammals, including decreasing predicted GFR with age (P < 0.01), higher predicted GFR in dolphins that had recently eaten (P < 0.01), and rapidly decreasing predicted GFR in the animal with end-stage renal disease. We conclude that a serum-based GFR prediction equation may be a feasible means of detecting and tracking renal function in bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Smith, Cynthia R.] USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dold, Christopher] SeaWorld Inc, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Ridgway, Sam H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Venn-Watson, S (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM stephanie.wong@navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00162.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500006 ER PT S AU Abramson, M Chao, W Macker, J Mittu, R AF Abramson, Myriam Chao, William Macker, Joseph Mittu, Ranjeev BE Jamali, N Scerri, P Sugawara, T TI Coordination in disaster management and response: A unified approach SO MASSIVELY MULTI-AGENT TECHNOLOGY SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Coordination and Control in Massively Multi-Agent Systems CY MAY 15, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI AB Natural, technological and man-made disasters are typically followed by chaos that results from an inadequate overall response. Three separate levels of coordination are addressed in the mitigation and preparedness phase of disaster management where environmental conditions are slowly changing: (1) communication and transportation infrastructure, (2) monitoring and assessment tools. (3) collaborative tools and services for information sharing. However, the nature of emergencies is to be unpredictable. Toward that end. a fourth level of coordination - distributed resource/role allocation algorithms of first responders, mobile workers, aid supplies and victims - addresses the dynamic environmental conditions of the response phase during an emergency. A tiered peer-to-peer system architecture could combine those different levels of coordination to address the changing needs of disaster management. We describe in this paper the architecture of such a tiered peer-to-peer agent-based coordination decision support system for disaster management and response and the applicable coordination algorithms including ATE a novel, self-organized algorithm for adaptive team formation. C1 [Abramson, Myriam; Chao, William; Macker, Joseph; Mittu, Ranjeev] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abramson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85448-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5043 BP 162 EP 175 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BIE24 UT WOS:000258887000012 ER PT S AU Harrison, WL Allwein, G Gill, A Procter, A AF Harrison, William L. Allwein, Gerard Gill, Andy Procter, Adam BE Audebaud, P PaulinMohring, C TI Asynchronous exceptions as an effect SO MATHEMATICS OF PROGRAM CONSTRUCTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mathematics of Program Construction CY JUL 15-18, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Ctr Int Rech Math Luminy, INRIA AB Asynchronous interrupts abound in computing systems, yet they remain a thorny concept for both programming and verification practice. The ubiquity of interrupts underscores the importance of developing programming models to aid the development and verification of interrupt-driven programs. The research reported here recognizes asynchronous interrupts as a computational effect and encapsulates them as a building block in modular monadic semantics. The resulting modular semantic model can serve as both a guide for functional programming with interrupts and as a formal basis for reasoning about interrupt-driven computation as well. C1 [Harrison, William L.; Procter, Adam] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Allwein, Gerard] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gill, Andy] Galois Inc, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA. RP Harrison, WL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU Gilliom Cyber Security Gift Fund FX This research was supported in part by the Gilliom Cyber Security Gift Fund. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-70593-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5133 BP 153 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BHZ96 UT WOS:000257859400010 ER PT S AU Choi, SR Kowalik, RW Alexander, DJ Bansal, NP AF Choi, Sung R. Kowalik, Robert W. Alexander, Donald J. Bansal, Narottam P. BE LaraCurzio, E TI ASSESSMENTS OF LIFE LIMITING BEHAVIOR IN INTERLAMINAR SHEAR FOR Hi-Nic SiC/SiC CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; STRENGTH; INPLANE AB Assessments of life limiting behavior of a gas turbine grade melt infiltrated Hi Nicalon (TM) SIC continuous fiber reinforced SIC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) were made in interlaminar shear using both stress rupture and constant stress-rate testing at 1316 degrees C in air The composite exhibited appreciable life limiting behavior with a life susceptibility parameter of n(s)=22 24 estimated based on a proposed phenomenological power law life prediction model The phenomenological life model was in good agreement in prediction between the stress rupture and the constants stress-rate data, validating its appropriateness in describing the life limiting phenomenon of the CMC coupons subjected to interlaminar shear The governing mechanism(s) associated with failure in interlaminar shear appeared to remain unchanged independent of the type of loading configurations Constant shear stress-rate testing could be a possible means of life prediction test methodology for CMCs in interlaminar shear at elevated temperatures when relatively short lifetimes are expected C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Kowalik, Robert W.; Alexander, Donald J.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Bansal, Narottam P.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Project. Mechanical testing by R. Pawlik of NASA GkM is acknowledged. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19633-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 179 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BSN06 UT WOS:000284980500018 ER PT J AU Yu, HY AF Yu, H. Y. TI Oscillating Infinitesimal Prismatic Dislocation Loops in Thin Films SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanics of Nano-, Bio- and Cellular Materials CY JUN 03-07, 2007 CL Austin, TX SP ASME DE dynamic; time harmonic; steady state; dislocation loops; Helmholtz potentials; elastic plates ID WAVES; SLIP AB The steady-state elastic responses of infinite isotropic solids and thin films to the oscillating infinitesimal prismatic dislocation loops are investigated. The film can be free standing, in smooth contact with or perfectly bonded to a rigid substrate. The solutions are expressed in terms of Helmholtz potentials with unknown coefficients, which will be determined by solving a set of simultaneous liner algebraic equations. The simultaneous algebraic equations are constructed by using the boundary conditions on the plane containing the dislocation loop and on the surfaces of the film. The method can be easily extended to multilayered solids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.yu@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 BP 567 EP 573 AR PII 906306127 DI 10.1080/15376490802470465 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 378QN UT WOS:000261339100004 ER PT S AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, M. W. Stievater, T. H. Rabinovich, W. S. GP IEEE TI Reconfigurable filters using MEMS resonators and integrated optical microcavities SO MEMS 2008: 21ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) CY JAN 13-17, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc ID BRAGG MIRRORS; SILICON; SENSORS; NOISE AB An in-plane silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS-tunable Fabry-Perot microcavity filter is presented, in which one distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror is attached to a doubly-clamped suspended beam resonator. We improve upon previous designs by utilizing a silicon waveguide cavity instead of an air cavity. The design eliminates a significant source of optical loss (beam divergence) leading to improved mirror bandwidth (> 150nm) and Q-factor (Q(optical)approximate to 4,200). By keeping one DBR mirror fixed and displacing the second mirror, we change the effective cavity length and modify the Fabry-Perot resonances. Tuning over Delta lambda approximate to 10nm is measured using in-plane electrostatic actuation to displace the DBR. The application of the device as a sensor is also discussed. C1 [Pruessner, M. W.] SFA Inc, NRL, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), SFA Inc, NRL, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-1792-6 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2008 BP 766 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHH75 UT WOS:000253356900192 ER PT S AU Andrews, JR Teare, SW Restaino, SR Martinez, T Wilcox, CC Wick, DV Cowan, WD Spahn, OB Bagwell, BE AF Andrews, Jonathan R. Teare, Scott W. Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Wilcox, Christopher C. Wick, David V. Cowan, William D. Spahn, Olga B. Bagwell, Brett E. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI Performance of a MEMS reflective wavefront sensor - art. no. 68880C SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt DE MEMS; wavefront sensor; adaptive optics AB An all reflective Shack Hartmann style wavefront sensor has been developed using a Sandia National Laboratory segmented Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM) deformable mirror. This wavefront sensor is presently being explored for use with adaptive optics systems at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer and other experimental adaptive systems within the Naval Research Laboratory. The 61 MEM mirror segments are constructed in a hexagonal array and each segment can be constructed with either flat or optically powered surfaces. The later allows each mirror segment to bring its subaperture of light to a focus on an imaging array, creating an array of spots similar to a Shack Hartmann. Each mirror segment has tip, tilt and piston functionality to control the position of the focused spot such that measurement of the applied voltage can be used to drive a deformable mirror. As the system is reflective and each segment is controllable, this wavefront sensor avoids the light loss associated with refractive optics and has larger dynamic range than traditional Shack Hartmann wavefront sensors. This wavefront sensor can detect large magnitude aberrations up to and beyond where the focused spots overlap, due to the ability to dither each focused spot. Previous publications reported on this novel new technique and the electrical specifications, while this paper reports on experiments and analysis of the open-loop performance, including repeatability and linearity measurements. The suitability of using the MEM deformable mirror as a high dynamic range reflective wavefront sensor will be discussed and compared to current wavefront sensors and future work will be discussed. C1 [Andrews, Jonathan R.; Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Wilcox, Christopher C.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Andrews, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6888 BP C8880 EP C8880 DI 10.1117/12.763866 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700009 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Martinez, T Andrews, JR Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Restaino, Sergio R. Martinez, Ty Andrews, Jonathan R. Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Payne, Don M. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, JA TI The Naval Research Laboratory MEM adaptive optics program SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics II CY JAN 22-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ctr Adapt Opt AB The Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer(NPOI)is the longest baseline at visible wavelengths interferometer in the world. The astronomical capabilities of such an instrument are being exploited and recent results will be presented. NPOI is also the largest optical telescope belonging to the US Department of Defense with a maximum baseline of 435 meter has a resolution that is approximately 181 times the resolution attainable by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and 118 times the resolution attainable by the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS). It is also the only optical interferometer capable of recombining up to six apertures simultaneously. The NPOI is a sparse aperture and its sensitivity is limited by the size of the unit aperture, currently that size is 0.5 meters. In order to increase the overall sensitivity of the instrument a program was started to manufacture larger, 1.4 meter, ultra-light telescopes. The lightness of the telescopes requirement is due to the fact that telescopes have to be easily transportable in order to reconfigure the array. For this reason a program was started three years ago to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) telescopes, including the optics. Furthermore, since the unit apertures are now much larger than r(0) there is a need to compensate the aperture with adaptive optics (AO). Since the need for mobility of the telescopes, compact AO systems, based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), have been developed. This paper will present the status of our adaptive optics system and some of the results attained so far with it. C1 [Restaino, Sergio R.; Martinez, Ty; Andrews, Jonathan R.; Wilcox, Christopher C.; Santiago, Freddie] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216,3550 Aberdeen SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7063-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6888 AR 688806 DI 10.1117/12.763895 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHS47 UT WOS:000255942700004 ER PT J AU McNelley, TR Oh-Ishi, K Zhilyaev, AP Swaminathan, S Krajewski, PE Taleff, EM AF McNelley, Terry R. Oh-Ishi, Keiichiro Zhilyaev, Alexander P. Swaminathan, Srinivasan Krajewski, Paul E. Taleff, Eric M. TI Characteristics of the transition from grain-boundary sliding to solute drag creep in superplastic AA5083 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AL-MG ALLOY; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CONTINUOUS RECRYSTALLIZATION; TENSILE DUCTILITY; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CAVITY GROWTH; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; FAILURE AB Superplastic tensile ductility has been attained when specially-processed AA5083 materials are strained in tension at relatively high strain rates, in the range of the transition from grain-boundary sliding (GBS) to solute drag creep (SDC) control of deformation. Quick plastic forming (QPF) technology involves deformation at such strain rates. and the relative contributions of GBS and SDC to the strain during deformation in this strain rate regime have been examined in this investigation. The additive, independent contributions of GBS and SDC to the elevated temperature deformation of fine-grained materials are reviewed. The transition from GBS to SDC in grain-refined AA5083 materials was evaluated by several methods, including the assessment of initial transients during, straining and of transients during strain-rate change tests; the strain-rate dependence of the flow stress; the dependence of ductility on strain rate; flow localization behavior and fracture mode: cavitation growth; the evolution of microstructure and microtexture during deformation; and comparison with phenomenological models for the GBS-to-SDC transition. C1 [McNelley, Terry R.; Swaminathan, Srinivasan] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhilyaev, Alexander P.] Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Krajewski, Paul E.] GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Taleff, Eric M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 63 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39A IS 1 BP 50 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9401-5 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 247WY UT WOS:000252114500006 ER PT J AU Leroux, H Rietmeijer, FJM Velbel, MA Brearley, AJ Jacob, D Langenhorst, F Bridges, JC Zega, TJ Stroud, RM Cordier, P Harvey, RP Lee, M Gounelle, M Zolensky, ME AF Leroux, Hugues Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. Velbel, Michael A. Brearley, Adrian J. Jacob, Damien Langenhorst, Falko Bridges, John C. Zega, Thomas J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Cordier, Patrick Harvey, Ralph P. Lee, Martin Gounelle, Matthieu Zolensky, Mike E. TI A TEM study of thermally modified comet 81P/Wild 2 dust particles by interactions with the aerogel matrix during the Stardust capture process SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SILICA AEROGEL; HYPERVELOCITY PARTICLES; COMPRESSED AEROGELS; IMPACT FEATURES; INTERPLANETARY; SHOCK; IDENTIFICATION; CONDENSATION; EVOLUTION AB We report the results of high-resolution, analytical and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), including intensive element mapping, of severely thermally modified dust from comet 81P/Wild 2 caught in the silica aerogel capture cells of the Stardust mission. Thermal interactions during capture caused widespread melting of cometary silicates, Fe-Ni-S phases, and the aerogel. The characteristic assemblage of thermally modified material consists of a vesicular, silica-rich glass matrix with abundant Fe-Ni-S droplets, the latter of which exhibit a distinct core-mantle structure with a metallic Fe,Ni core and a iron-sulfide rim. Within the glassy matrix, the elemental distribution is highly heterogeneous. Localized amorphous "dust-rich" patches contain Mg, Al, and Ca in higher abundances and suggest incomplete mixing of silicate progenitors with molten aerogel. In some cases, the element distribution within these patches seems to depict the outlines of ghost mineral assemblages, allowing the reconstruction of the original mineralogy. A few crystalline silicates survived with alteration limited to the grain rims. The Fe- and CI-normalized bulk composition derived from several sections show CI-chondrite relative abundances for Mg, Al, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. The data indicate a 5 to 15% admixture of fine-grained chondritic comet dust with the silica glass matrix. These strongly thermally modified samples could have originated from a fine-grained primitive material, loosely bound Wild 2 dust aggregates, which were heated and melted more efficiently than the relatively coarse-grained material of the crystalline particles found elsewhere in many of the same Stardust aerogel tracks (Zolensky et al. 2006). C1 [Leroux, Hugues; Jacob, Damien; Cordier, Patrick] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.; Brearley, Adrian J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Velbel, Michael A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Langenhorst, Falko] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Bridges, John C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harvey, Ralph P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Lee, Martin] Univ Glasgow, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Gounelle, Matthieu] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Etude Matiere Extraterrestre, USM 0205 LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. [Zolensky, Mike E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Leroux, H (reprint author), Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, UMR 8008, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Hugues.Leroux@univ-lille.fr RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Cordier, Patrick/D-2357-2012; Lee, Martin/D-9169-2011 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Cordier, Patrick/0000-0002-1883-2994; Lee, Martin/0000-0002-6004-3622 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 120 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400006 ER PT J AU Leroux, H Stroud, RM Dai, ZR Graham, GA Troadec, D Bradley, JP Teslich, N Borg, J Kearsley, AT Hoerz, F AF Leroux, Hugues Stroud, Rhonda M. Dai, Zu Rong Graham, Giles A. Troadec, David Bradley, John P. Teslich, Nick Borg, Janet Kearsley, Anton T. Hoerz, Friedrich TI Transmission electron microscopy of cometary residues from micron-sized craters in the Stardust Al foils SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SPECTRAL IMAGES; IMPACT FEATURES; ALUMINUM FOILS; 81P/WILD-2; TARGETS; AEROGEL; SAMPLES; DUST AB We report transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of micro-craters that originated from hypervelocity impacts of comet 81P/Wild 2 dust particles on the aluminium foil of the Stardust collector. The craters were selected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling techniques in order to provide electron transparent cross-sections for TEM studies. The crater residues contain both amorphous and crystalline materials in varying proportions and compositions. The amorphous component is interpreted as resulting from shock melting during the impact and the crystalline phases as relict minerals. The latter show evidence for shock metamorphism. Based on the residue morphology and the compositional variation, the impacting particles are inferred to have been dominated by mixtures of submicron olivine, pyroxene and Fe sulfide grains, in agreement with prior results of relatively coarse-grained mineral assemblages in the aerogel collector. C1 [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dai, Zu Rong; Graham, Giles A.; Bradley, John P.; Teslich, Nick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Troadec, David] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8520, Inst Elect Microelect & Nanotechnol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Borg, Janet] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Borg, Janet] CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Kearsley, Anton T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impacts & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Hoerz, Friedrich] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, KR Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Leroux, H (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Hughes.Leroux@univ-lille1.fr RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Appourchaux, Thierry/F-4692-2010; Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 160 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400009 ER PT J AU Zolensky, M Nakamura-Messenger, K Rietmeijer, F Leroux, H Mikouchi, T Ohsumi, K Simon, S Grossman, L Stephan, T Weisberg, M Velbel, M Zega, T Stroud, R Tomeoka, K Ohnishi, I Tomioka, N Nakamura, T Matrajt, G Joswiak, D Brownlee, D Langenhorst, F Krot, A Kearsley, A Ishii, H Graham, G Da, ZR Ch, M Bradley, J Hagiya, K Gounelle, M Keller, L Bridges, J AF Zolensky, Michael Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko Rietmeijer, Frans Leroux, Hugues Mikouchi, Takashi Ohsumi, Kazumasa Simon, Steven Grossman, Lawrence Stephan, Thomas Weisberg, Michael Velbel, Michael Zega, Thomas Stroud, Rhonda Tomeoka, Kazushige Ohnishi, Ichiro Tomioka, Naotaka Nakamura, Tomoki Matrajt, Graciela Joswiak, David Brownlee, Donald Langenhorst, Falko Krot, Alexander Kearsley, Anton Ishii, Hope Graham, Giles Da, Zu Rong Ch, Miaofang Bradley, John Hagiya, Kenji Gounelle, Matthieu Keller, Lindsay Bridges, John TI Comparing Wild 2 particles to chondrites and IDPs SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; ORGUEIL METEORITE; COMET 81P/WILD-2; AEROGEL; MATRIX; OLIVINE; EXTRACTION; COMPONENTS; MINERALOGY AB We compare the observed composition ranges of olivine, pyroxene, and Fe-Ni sulfides in Wild 2 grains with those from chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and chondrite classes to explore whether these data suggest affinities to known hydrous materials in particular. Wild 2 olivine has an extremely wide composition range, from Fa(0-96), with a pronounced frequency peak at Fa(1). The composition range displayed by the low-calcium pyroxene is also very extensive, from Fs(48) to Fs(0), with a significant frequency peak centered at Fs(5). These ranges are as broad or broader than those reported for any other extraterrestrial material. Wild 2 Fe-Ni sulfides mainly have compositions close to that of FeS, with less than 2 atom% Ni; to date, only two pentlandite grains have been found among the Wild grains, suggesting that this mineral is not abundant. The complete lack of compositions between FeS and pentlandite (with intermediate solid solution compositions) suggests (but does not require) that FeS and pentlandite condensed as crystalline species, i.e., did not form as amorphous phases, which later became annealed. While we have not yet observed any direct evidence of water-bearing minerals, the presence of Ni-bearing sulfides, and magnesium-dominated olivine and low-Ca pyroxene does not rule out their presence at low abundance. We do conclude that new investigations of major- and minor-element compositions of chondrite matrix and IDPs are required. C1 [Zolensky, Michael; Keller, Lindsay] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rietmeijer, Frans] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Lab Struct & Propreites Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Mikouchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ohsumi, Kazumasa] Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Grossman, Lawrence] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Simon, Steven; Grossman, Lawrence; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Weisberg, Michael] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Velbel, Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zega, Thomas; Stroud, Rhonda] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tomeoka, Kazushige; Ohnishi, Ichiro; Tomioka, Naotaka] Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoki] Kyushu Univ Hakozaki, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Matrajt, Graciela; Joswiak, David; Brownlee, Donald] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Langenhorst, Falko] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Krot, Alexander] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Ishii, Hope; Graham, Giles; Da, Zu Rong; Ch, Miaofang; Bradley, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hagiya, Kenji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Life Sci, Ako, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. [Gounelle, Matthieu] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etude Mat Extraterrestre, USM 0205 LEME, F-75005 Paris, France. [Bridges, John] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Zolensky, M (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov RI Tomioka, Naotaka/B-1888-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Tomioka, Naotaka/0000-0001-5725-9513; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 58 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400015 ER PT S AU Eastes, RW McClintock, WE Codrescu, MV Aksnes, A Anderson, DN Andersson, L Baker, DN Burns, AG Budzien, SA Daniell, RE Dymond, KF Eparvier, FG Harvey, JE Immel, TJ Krywonos, A Lankton, MR Lumpe, JD Prolss, GW Richmond, AD Rusch, DW Siegmund, OH Solomon, SC Strickland, DJ Woods, TN AF Eastes, R. W. McClintock, W. E. Codrescu, M. V. Aksnes, A. Anderson, D. N. Andersson, L. Baker, D. N. Burns, A. G. Budzien, S. A. Daniell, R. E. Dymond, K. F. Eparvier, F. G. Harvey, J. E. Immel, T. J. Krywonos, A. Lankton, M. R. Lumpe, J. D. Proelss, G. W. Richmond, A. D. Rusch, D. W. Siegmund, O. H. Solomon, S. C. Strickland, D. J. Woods, T. N. BE Kintner, PM Coster, AJ FullerRowell, T Mannucci, AJ Mendillo, M Heelis, R TI Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): New Observing Capabilities for the Ionosphere-Thermosphere SO MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND DISTURBANCES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER GUVI; SPACECRAFT; MISSION; RETRIEVAL; DAYGLOW; O/N-2 AB The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission of opportunity will greatly improve understanding of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere through measurements of the global-scale response to external and internal forces. GOLD will fly an UV imager on a geostationary satellite to measure densities and temperatures across almost an entire hemisphere in this poorly understood region of the Earth's upper atmosphere and lower space environment, at altitudes where temperatures are currently not well known. GOLD will provide the first global-scale observations of temperatures in the lower thermosphere (130-180 km), in addition to more familiar measurements such as aurora location and energy input, peak electron densities (NmF2) in the nighttime ionosphere, and atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen column density ratios (Sigma O/N-2) ratios. GOLD can provide nearly continuous real-time observations of one hemisphere. In addition to measurements on the disk of the Earth, GOLD can provide coincident measurements of molecular oxygen densities and the temperature profile in the lower thermosphere (150-250 km) from stellar occultations as well as exospheric temperatures from limb profiles of molecular nitrogen emissions. GOLD has two identical channels, each capable of all the measurements described. This allows GOLD to provide coincident measurements in any desired combination, e.g., disk temperatures and Sigma O/N-2. Combined with the advanced models now available, measurements from GOLD will revolutionize our understanding of the global-scale response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic and solar forcing. The data and knowledge gained from GOLD will enhance space weather specification and forecasting capabilities. C1 [Eastes, R. W.; Krywonos, A.] MS FSI, Florida Space Inst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Harvey, J. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Immel, T. J.; Siegmund, O. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lumpe, J. D.; Strickland, D. J.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Proelss, G. W.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [McClintock, W. E.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D. N.; Eparvier, F. G.; Lankton, M. R.; Rusch, D. W.; Woods, T. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daniell, R. E.] Ionospher Phys, Stoughton, MA 02072 USA. [Codrescu, M. V.] NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Burns, A. G.; Solomon, S. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McClintock, W. E.; Andersson, L.; Baker, D. N.; Budzien, S. A.; Dymond, K. F.; Eparvier, F. G.; Lankton, M. R.; Rusch, D. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, D. N.; Richmond, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Aksnes, A.] Univ Bergen, Matemat Nat Skapelige Fak, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Eastes, RW (reprint author), MS FSI, Florida Space Inst, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM reastes@mail.ucf.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-446-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 181 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1029/181GM29 D2 10.1029/GM181 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BJY19 UT WOS:000267401600028 ER PT B AU Stoker, D AF Stoker, Donald BE Stoker, D TI The history and evolution of foreign military advising and assistance, 1815-2007 SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCIENTIFIC INTERVENOR; BLACKETT,PATRICK; MISSION; CONSULTANT; INDIA; ARMY C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stoker, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000001 ER PT J AU Stoker, D AF Stoker, Donald BE Stoker, D TI Buying influence, selling arms, undermining a friend The French naval mission to Poland and the development of the Polish Navy, 1923-1932 SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stoker, D (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey Program, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 42 EP 60 PG 19 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000004 ER PT J AU Waghelstein, JD AF Waghelstein, John D. BE Stoker, D TI Ruminations of a wooly mammoth, or training and advising in counterinsurgency and elsewhere during the Cold War SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Waghelstein, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 151 EP 167 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000009 ER PT J AU Porch, D Muller, CW AF Porch, Douglas Muller, Christopher W. BE Stoker, D TI "Imperial grunts" revisited The US advisory mission in Colombia SO MILITARY ADVISING AND ASSISTANCE: FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATIZATION, 1815-2007 SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Porch, Douglas] Univ Coll Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Porch, Douglas] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Porch, Douglas] US Marine Corps Univ, Quantico, VA USA. [Porch, Douglas] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Porch, Douglas] NATO Def Coll, Rome, Italy. [Muller, Christopher W.] US Army South, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-93871-3 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 168 EP 191 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BMM52 UT WOS:000272806000010 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI The Military and Domestic Politics A concordance theory of civil-military relations Introduction SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CONFLICT; ISRAEL; INDIA; ARMY C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 1 EP + D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 24 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100001 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Domestic military intervention and civil-military relations SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 18 EP 31 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 14 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100002 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Concordance theory SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 32 EP 48 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 17 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100003 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Post-revolutionary United States (1790-1800) SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 49 EP 63 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 15 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100004 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Concordance in India and discordance in Pakistan SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 64 EP 90 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 27 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100005 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Argentina's Peron period (1946-55) SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 91 EP 108 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 18 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100006 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Israel Concordance in the "uncivil" state SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 109 EP 125 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 17 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100007 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI Concordance and culture From the military-industrial complex to corporate philanthropy SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 126 EP 149 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 24 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100008 ER PT B AU Schiff, RL AF Schiff, Rebecca L. BA Schiff, RL BF Schiff, RL TI The Military and Domestic Politics A concordance theory of civil-military relations Conclusion SO MILITARY AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: A CONCORDANCE THEORY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Schiff, Rebecca L.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Schiff, RL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-89230-5 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2008 BP 150 EP 160 D2 10.4324/9780203892305 PG 11 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMJ78 UT WOS:000272595100009 ER PT J AU Deutsch, WM AF Deutsch, Wayne M. TI Dental events during periods of isolation in the US submarine force SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dental Classification and Risk Assessment Preventional of Dental Morbidity in Deployed Military Personnel CY JUL 11-13, 2006 CL Great Lakes, IL SP Naval Inst Dental Biomed Res ID EMERGENCIES; HEALTH; EVACUATIONS; OPERATIONS; READINESS AB Background: Planning of dental support for populations serving in isolation is essential. Many programs of national or scientific interest such as U.S. Navy submarine missions, the manned space program, and research in Antarctica require long periods where dental care is not available. Submariners make an excellent study population due to their relatively large numbers, good health, excellent dental screening, and professional status. Methods: This study examines dental events occurring while underway on 240 submarine patrols from January 1, 1997 to September 30, 2000. A health events database contains medical encounter notes, demographic information, crew rosters, and medical evacuation reports. A special survey database contains information from three surveys conducted aboard 1 submarine during a 101-day submergence. The evacuation database contains medical evacuation data from the Atlantic and Pacific submarine fleets from 1991 through 1999. Results: One hundred nine initial dental emergency visits and 45 revisits were recorded during these patrols. Of these visits, 48.6% were for an emergency related to an endodontic or caries problem. The incidence rate for all dental problems was 5.0 per 100,000 person-days at sea. Smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of a periodontal-related emergency and also with the occurrence of any dental emergency. The rate of dental emergencies per 100,000 person-days decreased over time with the rate for the first 7 days being 7.5, days 8 through 14 being 5.5, and after day 14 being 4.6. Dental problems accounted for 6.9-9.3% of all medical evacuations from submarines between 1991 and 1999. The special survey of self-reported dental problems was designed to obtain information on minor conditions that might not be recorded in the medical encounter database. Of the problems reported, 13.1% had a dental problem during the 101-day submergence, 9.8% had a canker sore, and 4.1% had a gum problem. C1 USN, Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Deutsch, WM (reprint author), USN, Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 SU S BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252HC UT WOS:000252436600011 PM 18277720 ER PT J AU Ortiz, M AF Ortiz, Michelle TI Standing by, ready to serve: The case for forensic nurses in uniform SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this article was to give a brief synopsis of the background and history of forensic nursing and how it can be translated into a military application. The unique setting of military health care and equally distinctive stressors placed upon members of the military calls for greater commitment by the Department of Defense to meet those needs with trained professionals who can offer holistic and appropriate care, both at home and abroad. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Ortiz, M (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000006 PM 18251330 ER PT J AU Sutto, NB Knoell, MD Zucker, K Finstuen, K Mangelsdorff, D AF Sutto, Natalie B. Knoell, Michael D. Zucker, Karin Finstuen, Kenn Mangelsdorff, David TI Executive competencies of nurses in the Veterans Health Administration SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEADERSHIP SKILLS; 21ST-CENTURY; CARE; GUIDELINES; ABILITIES; BEHAVIORS; KNOWLEDGE; FORECAST; ISSUES AB This study identifies competencies and accompanying skills, knowledge, and abilities (SKAs) required by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) nurse executives. Using the Delphi decision-making method, 144 VHA directors of nursing identified five top competencies necessary for nurse executives. An expert panel sorted competencies into the eight core domains of the VHA high-performance development model. Next, nurse executives rated SKAs by using a 7-point importance scale. Response rates were 34% and 48.2% for Delphi rounds I and 2, respectively. Round I generated 245 unique nurse executive competencies. In round 2, the highest rated SKAs involved ethical conduct, decision-making, abilities to continuously learn and lead, staffing, and conflict-resolution skills. Competency list outcomes are expected to be useful for executive self-assessment, professional development, and identification of continuing education needs. Specific SKAs can provide a means for development of job requirements and career performance criteria. C1 [Sutto, Natalie B.] HDR, Omaha, NE 68114 USA. [Knoell, Michael D.] USN Hosp, Cherry Point, NC 28533 USA. [Zucker, Karin; Finstuen, Kenn; Mangelsdorff, David] Army Baylor Univ, Grad Program Hlth & Business Adm, Army Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sutto, NB (reprint author), HDR, 8404 Indian Hills Dr, Omaha, NE 68114 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000007 PM 18251331 ER PT J AU Charlton, DG Ehrlich, AD Miniotis, NJ AF Charlton, David G. Ehrlich, A. Dale Miniotis, Nicholas J. TI Clinical user evaluation of field dental equipment under military deployment conditions SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this work was to evaluate the clinical performance of a number of types of field (i.e., portable) dental equipment used under actual military deployment conditions. This equipment is often used under demanding field conditions where temperature, humidity, and air quality are not controlled. This article presents the results of a project conducted by the Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research and the Air Force Dental Evaluation and Consultation Service to evaluate commercially available field dental equipment through laboratory testing and clinical user evaluations at military deployment sites. The purpose of the study was to identify the best-performing and most cost-effective field dental equipment for possible operational use by the U.S. Navy. Initial laboratory testing was performed at the Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research and the equipment was then shipped to Okinawa, Japan, where it was tested by military dentists and assistants under deployment conditions. The testing provided beneficial results by identifying equipment that performed properly and equipment that exhibited shortcomings serious enough to render it inappropriate for field use. C1 [Charlton, David G.; Ehrlich, A. Dale] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Miniotis, Nicholas J.] Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000008 PM 18251332 ER PT J AU Jones, G AF Jones, Gordon TI Clinical use of dental classification SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dental Classification and Risk Assessment Preventional of Dental Morbidity in Deployed Military Personnel CY JUL 11-13, 2006 CL Great Lakes, IL SP Naval Inst Dental Biomed Res AB The Dental Classification system used by the uniformed services is supposed to predict the incidence of dental emergencies in the operational setting, at least on the unit level. Since most Sailors and Marines are deployed without close dental support, the sea services have adopted a policy of early treatment of class 3 dental conditions during recruit training. The other services are beginning to do the same. Recently, two factors have emerged that are affecting this early dental class 3 treatment. These factors must be considered when planning to provide early dental treatment. First, changing population and dentist provider demographics in the civilian sector are beginning to affect the class 3 treatment needs of incoming military recruits. Second, attrition from recruit training results in treatment provided to recruits who leave military service before finishing their training. Some view this as a waste of resources, others as a cost of doing business. As operational jointness increases, the three services must develop and use a single dental classification terminology, as well as unified standards and guidelines, both for better research in this area and for the readiness and well-being of our patients. C1 Naval Hosp, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Jones, G (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 SU S BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252HC UT WOS:000252436600016 PM 18277724 ER PT J AU Simecek, JW AF Simecek, John W. TI Consensus statements SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Because of the differences in definitions among authors as to what constitutes a "dental emergency," the attendees at the workshop discussed these definitions and arrived at a consensus. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Simecek, JW (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Appl Clin Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252HC UT WOS:000252436600018 PM 18277726 ER PT J AU Kim, SC Kim, S Boren, D AF Kim, Son Chae Kim, Sinil Boren, Denise TI The quality of therapeutic alliance between patient and provider predicts general satisfaction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Scientific Sessions of the Eastern-Nursing-Research-Society CY APR 07-09, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Eastern Nursing Res Soc, Columbia Univ Sch Nursing ID AGNEW-RELATIONSHIP-MEASURE; PRIMARY-CARE; PHYSICIANS; TRUST; COMMUNICATION; PARTNERSHIP AB Objectives: Therapeutic alliance has been proposed as an ideal patient-provider relationship. The Kim Alliance Scale (KAS) measures the quality of therapeutic alliance, including patient empowerment. The objectives were to refine KAS and to measure the relationship between therapeutic alliance and patients' general satisfaction. Methods: A total of 601 evaluable patients was recruited, 304 patients in exploratory series and 297 patients in validation series. Patients completed a demographics questionnaire, the KAS, and Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Provider Scale. Results: Using the exploratory series, KAS was refined into a 16-item KAS-R consisting of collaboration, integration, empowerment, and communication subscales. Internal consistency reliability of KAS-R was 0.89. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses of the two series showed that KAS-R accounts for 35% to 36% of the variance in general satisfaction scores. Conclusions: Therapeutic alliance, as measured by KAS-R, predicted approximately one-third of patients' general satisfaction and empowerment was a significant predictor variable. C1 [Kim, Son Chae] Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Sch Nursing, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Kim, Sinil] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Canc, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Boren, Denise] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kim, SC (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Sch Nursing, 3900 Lomaland Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM sonkim@pointloma.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000013 PM 18251337 ER PT J AU Mclay, R Klinski, A AF Mclay, Robert Klinski, Angelica TI Changes in prescription habits with the introduction of generic fluoxetine SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; TRIAL AB When the patent on fluoxetine expired in 2001, prices for it fell sharply and marketing decreased. We investigated how market share for fluoxetine changed with the introduction of the generic. Prescribing information was tracked at a military hospital where providers knew the cost of medication, but were not compelled to use the cheaper form. Market share for fluoxetine among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was observed for the 64 months surrounding the introduction, and changes were examined by linear regression analysis. Results showed that in the 32 months before the introduction of the generic, fluoxetine maintained a relatively steady share of prescriptions. After the introduction of the generic, fluoxetine steadily lost market share over time. No significant relationship could be seen between drug company visits and gains for their individual products. Examination of all Department of Defense prescriptions for the 16 months surrounding the introduction of generic fluoxetine showed a similar drop in its market share. C1 [Mclay, Robert] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Klinski, Angelica] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Mclay, R (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 100 EP 104 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251KT UT WOS:000252373000016 PM 18251340 ER PT J AU Kress, M Szechtman, R Jones, JS AF Kress, Moshe Szechtman, Roberto Jones, Jason S. TI Efficient Employment of Non-Reactive Sensors SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEARCH AB We consider two types of non-reactive aerial sensors, which are subject to false-positive and false-negative errors. The sensors search for threat objects such as ballistic missile launchers or improvised explosive devices. The objects are located in a certain area of interest, which is divided into a grid of area-cells. The grid is defined such that each area-cell may contain at most one object. The objective of a sensor is to determine if a certain area-cell is likely or unlikely to contain an object. An area-cell is said to be determined if the searcher can ascertain with a given high probability these events. Since definitive identification of a threat object, and subsequent handling of that threat, are done by limited number of available ground combat units, the determination of an area-cell can help field commanders better allocate and direct these scarce resources. We develop two models, one for each type of sensor, that describe the search process and maximize the expected number of determined area-cells. C1 [Kress, Moshe; Szechtman, Roberto] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kress, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu; rszechtm@nps.edu; jason.s.jonesl@navy.mil NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP 45 EP + PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 410VS UT WOS:000263607000003 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, W. Brad TI Top ethical challenges for military clinical psychologists SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; OPERATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY; SERVICE; IRAQ; CARE; ENVIRONMENTS; DILEMMAS; SCIENCE; ISSUES; TRENDS AB Military clinical psychologists must frequently confront and resolve ethical dilemmas arising from their dual identities as psychologist and commissioned officer and from the unique context and mission of military service. This article provides a summary of the unique elements of clinical practice in the military with emphasis on those elements that amplify ethical quandaries. The author then presents the top 10 ethical challenges for contemporary uniformed psychologists with equal emphasis on perennial and emerging ethical dilemmas in the military. The article concludes with several distinct recommendations designed to reduce the risk of negative outcomes arising from ethical challenges in the military. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1080/08995600701753185 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 256GG UT WOS:000252715100005 ER PT J AU Ricci, KE Griffin, TA Hodak, JC AF Ricci, Katrina E. Griffin, Tyson A. Hodak, John C. TI Interactive presentation of schematic diagrams for performance support SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Sixty-seven United States Navy maintainers (55 men and 12 women) representing both the aviation and surface communities participated in an experiment examining the efficacy of a simulation to assist technicians in rapidly understanding a system's state. Participants were assigned to one of three groups based on the technicians' experience and one of two experimental conditions: simulation (SIM) or technical manual (TM). The experimental task consisted of a series of eight questions regarding the condition of the S-3 aircraft's nose wheel steering (NWS) system given a set of initial aircraft conditions. To aid in performance of the experimental task, participants assigned to the TM condition were given a paper copy of the S-3 aircraft's organizational maintenance manual for the NWS system, and participants assigned to the SIM condition were given a laptop computer running a computer-based interactive model of the S-3 NWS system. Results showed that regardless of level of expertise, participants assigned to the SIM condition answered questions significantly faster than participants assigned to the TM condition. Further, technicians experienced in nonaviation maintenance assigned to the SIM condition answered questions significantly more accurately than experienced nonaviation technicians assigned to the TM condition. C1 [Ricci, Katrina E.; Griffin, Tyson A.; Hodak, John C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Ricci, KE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code 4651,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Katrina.Ricci@Navy.Mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1080/08995600701969478 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 295JG UT WOS:000255470200001 ER PT B AU Duffy, DG AF Duffy, Dean G. BA Duffy, DG BF Duffy, DG TI Mixed Boundary Value Problems Overview SO MIXED BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; RESISTANCE; CAPACITOR; SERIES; FILM; DISK C1 [Duffy, Dean G.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Duffy, Dean G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duffy, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-579-5 J9 CH CRC APPL MATH NON PY 2008 VL 15 BP 1 EP 40 D2 10.1201/9781420010947 PG 40 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BJZ03 UT WOS:000267477800001 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Sharma, S Hou, YT Kompella, S AF Shi, Yi Sharma, Sushant Hou, Y. Thomas Kompella, Sastry GP ACM TI Optimal Relay Assignment for Cooperative Communications SO MOBIHOC'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKING AND COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc) CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Illinois Inst Technol, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGMobile, City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Pei Hua Educ Fdn HO Illinois Inst Technol DE Cooperative Communications; Wireless Networks; Network Capacity ID DIVERSITY; NETWORKS AB Recently, cooperative communications, in the form of keeping each node with a single antenna and having a node exploit a relay node's antenna, is shown to be a promising approach to achieve spatial diversity. Under this communication paradigm, the choice of relay node plays a significant role in the overall system performance. In this paper, we study the relay node assignment problem in a network environment, where multiple source-destination pairs compete for the same pool of relay nodes in the network. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a polynomial time algorithm to solve this problem. A key idea in this algorithm is a "linear marking" mechanism, which is able to offer a linear complexity for each iteration. We give a formal proof of optimality for this algorithm. We also show several attractive properties associated with this algorithm. C1 [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sharma, Sushant] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Sharma, Sushant] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Shi, Y (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yshi@vt.edu; sushant@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; kompella@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS0721421]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001408-1-0084]; ONR FX The work of Y.T. Hou, Y. Shi, and S. Sharma has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CNS0721421 and Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant N0001408-1-0084. The work of S. Kompella has been supported in part by the ONR. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA PY 2008 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA1PY UT WOS:000332843800001 ER PT S AU Baer, W Campbell, TR Campos, J Powell, W AF Baer, Wolfgang Campbell, Todd Ross Campos, Jesse Powell, William BE Trevisani, DA TI Modeling, simulation, and evaluation of HE ammunition for counter-RAM systems SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations III CY MAR 19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE case studies : M&S applications in OT&E terrain modeling; line-of-sight; dynamic terrain; live virtual environment AB This paper describes the requirements, data structures, and algorithms utilized in the run time Player Unit of the OneTESS program. OneTESS is a combined instrumentation suit designed to satisfy the requirements for both training and operational testing being developed by a team lead by AT&T. Specifically we will describe the terrain services and Player Unit services required for geometric pairing and engagement processing along with the accurate database design and procurement strategy required to build it. The paper will also describe a voxel based visualization engine adapted to perform dynamic terrain updates and high accurate test site preparation. We will also describe the process for procuring and testing the fidelity of the terrain environment and describe the analysis to answer the "what is good enough" question within the context of instrumentation accuracies and development strategies. Lastly we will discuss the implications and opportunities afforded by onboard environment models both for future test and training applications as well as in future deployable units. C1 [Baer, Wolfgang] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Code IS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Code IS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Baer@cs.nps.navy.mil; Todd.Campbell@us.army.mil; jesse.j.campos@ara.com; WilliamPowell16@us.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7156-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6965 AR 69650K DI 10.1117/12.777165 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BHZ16 UT WOS:000257578700017 ER PT S AU Kirsch, P Tremper, D Cortesi, R AF Kirsch, Patricia Tremper, David Cortesi, Roger BE Trevisani, DA TI Three-dimensional visualization and control of electronic warfare (EW) payloads SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Military Operations III CY MAR 19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE unmanned vehicle control; remote visualization; electronic warfare AB The proliferation of unmanned vehicles carrying tactical payloads in the battle-space has accelerated the need for userfriendly visualization with graphical interfaces to provide remote command and control. Often these platforms and payloads receive their control functions from command centers located half a world away via satellite communications. Operators require situational awareness tools capable of graphically presenting the remote battlefield asset positions and collected sensor data. Often these systems use 2D software mapping tools in conjunction with video for real time situational awareness. The Special Projects Group (SPG) in the Tactical Electronic Warfare Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has been developing an operator control interface called the Jammer Control Station (JCS) to provide 3D battle-space visualization with built-in, remote EW payload command and control (C) capabilities. The JCS interface presents the operator with graphic depictions of both the platforms' states and the RIF environment. Text based messaging between the JCS and the EW payload reduces the impact of the system on the available bandwidth. This paper will discuss the use of the SI MIS 3-D visualization tool as a real-time command and control interface for electronic warfare (EW) payloads. C1 [Kirsch, Patricia; Tremper, David; Cortesi, Roger] USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirsch, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7156-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6965 AR 69650H DI 10.1117/12.778199 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BHZ16 UT WOS:000257578700015 ER PT J AU Grivet, D Sork, VL Westfall, RD Davis, FW AF Grivet, Delphine Sork, Victoria L. Westfall, Robert D. Davis, Frank W. TI Conserving the evolutionary potential of California valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee): a multivariate genetic approach to conservation planning SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Summit on Evolutionary Change in Human-Altered Environments CY FEB 08-10, 2007 CL Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles DE allelic richness; canonical trend surface analysis; colonization; gene flow; Geographic Information System ID COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE; PLANT-POPULATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; POLLEN; MULTILOCUS; PETRAEA AB California valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee) is a seriously threatened endemic oak species in California and a keystone species for foothill oak ecosystems. Urban and agricultural development affects a significant fraction of the species' range and predicted climate change is likely to dislocate many current populations. Here, we explore spatial patterns of multivariate genotypes and genetic diversity throughout the range of valley oak to determine whether ongoing and future patterns of habitat loss could threaten the evolutionary potential of the species by eradicating populations of distinctive genetic composition. This manuscript will address three specific questions: (i) What is the spatial genetic structure of the chloroplast and nuclear genetic markers? (ii) What are the geographical trends in the distribution of chloroplast and nuclear genotypes? (iii) Is there any part of the species' range where allelic diversity in either the chloroplast or nuclear genomes is particularly high? We analysed six chloroplast and seven nuclear microsatellite genetic markers of individuals widespread across the valley oak range. We then used a multivariate approach correlating genetic markers and geographical variables through a canonical trend surface analysis, followed by GIS mapping of the significant axes. We visualized population allelic richness spatially with GIS tools to identify regions of high diversity. Our findings, based on the distribution of multivariate genotypes and allelic richness, identify areas with distinctive histories and genetic composition that should be given priority in reserve network design, especially because these areas also overlap with landscape change and little degree of protection. Thus, without a careful preservation plan, valuable evolutionary information will be lost for valley oak. C1 [Grivet, Delphine; Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Grivet, Delphine; Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Grivet, Delphine] CIFOR INIA, Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Syst & Resources, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Westfall, Robert D.] USN, USDA Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Sork, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Box 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vlsork@ucla.edu RI Grivet, Delphine/G-9708-2012; Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009; OI Grivet, Delphine/0000-0001-8168-4456; Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718; Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 92 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03498.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 242QM UT WOS:000251740500012 PM 17868293 ER PT B AU Wasylkiwskyj, W Alatishe, J AF Wasylkiwskyj, Wasyl Alatishe, Jimmy BE Yanovsky, F TI Coherent Scattering from Distributed Targets SO MRRS: 2008 MICROWAVES, RADAR AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Microwaves, Radar and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2008 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP IEEE AES SP, Ukraine Joint Chapter, GRSS, IEEE East Ukraine Joint Chapter, AESS, MTT S, IEEE, EuMA, uRSi AB Based on the formulation for coherent backscattering from distributed targets previously published by the first author, this paper presents a unified formalism for incorporating the small amplitude, the small slope, the physical optics as well as a "two-scale model" approximation into analyses of backscattering by irregular air-dielectric interfaces. The distinguishing feature of this approach is that it takes explicit account of the antenna radiation properties and provides a direct means of numerically assessing the effects of spatial coherence of the surface irregularities on the receiver response. In particular, this leads to a generalization of the normalized backscattering cross-section which becomes dependent on both the antenna radiation properties and surface scattering characteristics. Numerical results obtained under the small amplitude approximation show that spatial coherence of the surface irregularities can lead to significant deviations from the classical Bragg scattering formula. C1 [Wasylkiwskyj, Wasyl] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20816 USA. [Alatishe, Jimmy] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wasylkiwskyj, W (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20816 USA. EM wasylkiw@gwu.edu; jimmy.alatishe@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2689-8 PY 2008 BP 36 EP + DI 10.1109/MRRS.2008.4669542 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Physics GA BIT82 UT WOS:000262656700006 ER PT B AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. BE Hubrig, S PetrGotzens, M Tokovinin, A TI Multiple stars in the field SO MULTIPLE STARS ACROSS THE H-R DIAGRAM SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop on Multiple Stars Across the H-R Diagram CY JUL 12-15, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY SP ESO ID CD-ROM; BINARY STARS; VISUAL BINARY; CATALOG; ORBITS AB When examining the statistics of multiple stars in the field, especially coming from visual binary star point of view, several problems present themselves. First, and most importantly, is distinguishing between physical multiples and optical pairs. Establishing physicality is not a simple "binary" response as there are degrees of certainty. We discuss some of the reasons for caring about non-physical pairs, as well as the tools for establishing or more correctly identifying apparent kinematic properties which hopefully result in dynamic solutions. The Washington Double Star Catalog, the Visual Orbit Catalog, and the US Naval Observatory speckle program are used as examples in many of these cases. The magnum opus for a global characterization of these systems is the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC). Selected as a catalog and a method to "develop a simple, unambiguous, flexible, and computer friendly designation scheme for stellar companions (including planets)" at a multi-commission meeting in Manchester (GA24). This was re-affirmed at Special Session 3 in Sydney (GA25) by Commissions 5, 8, 26, 42, 45 and the Working Group on Interferometry when a sample (1/2 hour band) WMC was produced. An all-sky WMC is in progress the binary sources utilized in its construction and the implications resulting from it with regards to multiple stars in the field are discussed. C1 [Mason, Brian D.; Hartkopf, William I.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74744-4 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74745-1_21 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHA31 UT WOS:000251799300021 ER PT S AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, M Kim, CS Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Murdin, BN Clowes, S TI High-performance Fabry-Perot and distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers SO NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS 2007 SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Guildford, ENGLAND SP Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys AB We review recent NRL progress in the development of interband Cascade lasers for the 3-4 mu m spectral range. The maximum cw operating temperature has reached 269 K, and the pulsed threshold current density at room temperature is as low as 790 A/cm(2). The internal loss in a broad-area laser (lambda = 3.5-3.9 mu m) varies from 11 cm(-1) at 78 K to 28 cm(-1) at 275 K, and most of the increase in threshold with temperature (T(0) approximate to 40 K) is due to a shorter non-radiative lifetime. We also discuss a distributed-feedback laser that demonstrated stable single-mode operation at all temperatures between 78 and 160 K, with a side-mode suppression ratio >= 25 dB. C1 [Canedy, C. L.; Bewley, W. W.; Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Nolde, J. A.; Larrabee, D. C.; Lindle, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-8424-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2008 VL 119 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY45 UT WOS:000257453200042 ER PT S AU Liewer, PC Alexander, D Ayon, J Kosovichev, A Mewaldt, RA Socker, DG Vourlidas, A AF Liewer, P. C. Alexander, D. Ayon, J. Kosovichev, A. Mewaldt, R. A. Socker, D. G. Vourlidas, A. BE Allen, MS TI Solar Polar Imager: Observing Solar Activity from a New Perspective SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UPPER CONVECTION ZONE; WIND; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; OSCILLATIONS; ORIGIN C1 [Liewer, P. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Socker, D. G.; Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kosovichev, A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alexander, D.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Astrophys & Space Sci Sect, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 1 EP 40 PG 40 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900002 ER PT S AU Boggs, S Wunderer, C Zoglauer, A Dermer, C Kurfess, J Novikova, EI Phlips, B Wulf, E Bloser, P McConnell, M Ryan, J Aprile, E Gehrels, N Sturner, S Hoover, A Kippen, M Klimenk, A Tournear, D Hartmann, D Leising, M Baring, M Kocevski, D Oberlack, U Polsen, M Zych, A Harris, M Weidenspointner, G Milne, P Beacom, J Bildsten, L Hernanz, M Smith, D Starrfield, S AF Boggs, Steven Wunderer, Cornelia Zoglauer, Andreas Dermer, Charles Kurfess, James Novikova, Elena I. Phlips, Bernard Wulf, Eric Bloser, Peter McConnell, Mark Ryan, James Aprile, Elena Gehrels, Neil Sturner, Steven Hoover, Andrew Kippen, Marc Klimenk, Alexei Tournear, Derek Hartmann, Dieter Leising, Mark Baring, Matthew Kocevski, Dan Oberlack, Uwe Polsen, Mark Zych, Allen Harris, Michael Weidenspointner, Georg Milne, Peter Beacom, John Bildsten, Lars Hernanz, Margarita Smith, David Starrfield, Sumner CA ACT Consortium BE Allen, MS TI The Advanced Compton Telescope Mission SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICRO-WELL DETECTORS; GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; X-RAY; SPECTROSCOPY; ASTROPHYSICS; PERFORMANCE; LXEGRIT; ABOARD C1 [Boggs, Steven; Wunderer, Cornelia; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dermer, Charles; Kurfess, James; Novikova, Elena I.; Phlips, Bernard; Wulf, Eric] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bloser, Peter; McConnell, Mark; Ryan, James] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Aprile, Elena] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Gehrels, Neil; Sturner, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hoover, Andrew; Kippen, Marc; Klimenk, Alexei; Tournear, Derek] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, CA USA. [Hartmann, Dieter; Leising, Mark] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Baring, Matthew; Kocevski, Dan; Oberlack, Uwe] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Polsen, Mark; Zych, Allen] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Harris, Michael; Weidenspointner, Georg] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. [Milne, Peter] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Beacom, John] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hernanz, Margarita] IEEC CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain. [Smith, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Starrfield, Sumner] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Boggs, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 369 EP 404 PG 36 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900012 ER PT S AU Elleman, BA Paine, SCM AF Elleman, Bruce A. Paine, S. C. M. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Naval Coalition Warfare From the Napoleonic War to Operation Iraqi Freedom Introduction SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Elleman, Bruce A.] USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Paine, S. C. M.] USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Elleman, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800002 ER PT S AU Dalton, JG AF Dalton, Jane G. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI International law and coalition operations SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dalton, Jane G.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dalton, JG (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 7 EP 24 PG 18 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800003 ER PT S AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, John B. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Naval Coalition Warfare From the Napoleonic War to Operation Iraqi Freedom Foreword SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SECURITY COOPERATION; AFGHAN MODEL; TERRORISM; ALLIANCES; ALLIES C1 [Hattendorf, John B.] USN, War Coll, Maritime Hist Dept, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hattendorf, John B.] USN, War Coll, Naval War Coll Museum, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Maritime Hist Dept, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP XVI EP + PG 8 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800001 ER PT S AU Ross, S AF Ross, Steve BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Caging the eagle Napoleonic War coalitions SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ross, S (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800004 ER PT S AU Paine, SCM AF Paine, S. C. M. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI The triple intervention and the termination of the First Sino-Japanese War SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Paine, SCM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 75 EP 85 PG 11 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800008 ER PT S AU Elleman, BA AF Elleman, Bruce A. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Soviet sea denial and the KMT-CCP Civil War in Manchuria, 1945-1949 SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Elleman, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 119 EP 129 PG 11 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800012 ER PT S AU Marolda, EJ AF Marolda, Edward J. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Changing tides Naval coalitions and the Vietnam War SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Marolda, EJ (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 130 EP 145 PG 16 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800013 ER PT S AU Lee, BA AF Lee, Bradford A. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI The Cold War as a coalition struggle SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 146 EP 157 PG 12 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800014 ER PT S AU Stigler, AL AF Stigler, Andrew L. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Coalition warfare over Kosovo SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Natl Secur & Decis Making Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stigler, AL (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Natl Secur & Decis Making Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800017 ER PT S AU Schneller, RJ AF Schneller, Robert J., Jr. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Operation Enduring Freedom Coalition warfare from the sea and on the sea SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Schneller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 193 EP 207 PG 15 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800018 ER PT S AU Elleman, BA Paine, SCM AF Elleman, Bruce A. Paine, S. C. M. BE Elleman, BA Paine, SCM TI Naval Coalition Warfare From the Napoleonic War to Operation Iraqi Freedom Conclusions SO NAVAL COALITION WARFARE: FROM THE NAPOLEONIC WAR TO OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM SE Cass Series-Naval Policy and History LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Elleman, Bruce A.] USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Paine, S. C. M.] USN, War Coll, Strategy & Policy Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Elleman, BA (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Ctr Naval Warfare Studies, Maritime Hist Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1366-9478 BN 978-0-203-94532-2 J9 CASS SER NAV POLICY PY 2008 BP 219 EP 232 PG 14 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BMZ95 UT WOS:000274008800020 ER PT J AU Drake, KJ Robinson, M Violante, P Wallace, SE Woodward, D AF Drake, Kimberly J. Robinson, Michael Violante, Patrick Wallace, Sara E. Woodward, David TI Intelligent tools used in the design of Navy ships SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The first step in implementing an intelligent ship is designing the ship intelligently. Naval ship design is becoming an interactive process where designers on different sites can work collaboratively and simultaneously, connected through virtual design environments. In this paper we introduce two such design environments. The first is an immersive, virtual reality environment enabling rapid design of ship space arrangements, exploration of Human System Integration issues, and reduced cost of test and evaluation through the use of modeling and simulation. The second is a systems engineering application capable of evaluating the benefit of spiral technology insertions, identifying areas for research and development investment, and evaluating the performance, risk, and affordability of proposed technologies in current and future ship systems, by conducting trade space analysis and optimization. Applications of these tools will be discussed. C1 [Drake, Kimberly J.; Wallace, Sara E.] NSWCCD, Adv Machinery Syst Integrat Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Robinson, Michael; Violante, Patrick] NSCCD, Adv Machinery Syst Integrat Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Woodward, David] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Machinery Res & Engn Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Drake, KJ (reprint author), NSWCCD, Adv Machinery Syst Integrat Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2008.00110.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 307PK UT WOS:000256330600004 ER PT J AU Calfo, RM Poole, GE Tessaro, JE AF Calfo, Raymond M. Poole, Gregory E. Tessaro, John E. TI High Frequency AC Power System SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Navy's Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS) master plan calls for the evolution of the IPS system from its current medium voltage, 60 Hz state to a high-frequency, medium-voltage AC (HFAC) system in the next 10 years. Beyond that, and pending development of key protection components, a medium-voltage DC system will be considered for implementation. The master plan calls for power generation modules at three power levels across these systems: A low power level (2-5 MW) driven by a fuel-efficient diesel prime mover, A medium power level (10-15 MW) driven by a gas turbine, and A main propulsion power level (20-40 MW) driven by a gas turbine. EMD is currently developing a high-speed, high-frequency, liquid-cooled generator under contract with NAVSEA that will effectively demonstrate the mid-level generator for the HFAC system. It will be coupled directly to the output of a GE LM1600 Gas Turbine to provide a TG set with power density four times more favorable than conventional ATG sets. The generator development is proceeding favorably, with testing at the Navy's land-based test site (LBTS) expected to begin in July 2008. The technology embodied in the high-speed generator can be easily extrapolated to main turbine generator power levels. Given the availability of prime movers at appropriate speeds, the power generation modules for the HFAC system, at all three power levels, could be provided in a much shorter time frame than noted in the NGIPS master plan. This paper will explore the combinations of prime movers and advanced generators that would suit the three power generation modules of the HFAC system. A description of the prime mover and the generator used for each module will be provided to demonstrate the modest level of development needed. The performance parameters for each generation module will be provided, along with key characteristics and dimensions for the set. In the end, the paper will make the case that demonstration of a HFAC power generation system can be made in the short term, allowing the shipbuilding community to take advantage of the benefits of state-of-the-art power dense electrical generation. C1 [Poole, Gregory E.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PY 2008 VL 120 IS 4 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2008.00164.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 430UP UT WOS:000265015000004 ER PT J AU Hardacre, C Holbrey, JD Mullan, CL Nieuwenhuyzen, M Reichert, WM Seddon, KR Teat, SJ AF Hardacre, Christopher Holbrey, John D. Mullan, Claire L. Nieuwenhuyzen, Mark Reichert, W. Matthew Seddon, Kenneth R. Teat, Simon J. TI Ionic liquid characteristics of 1-alkyl-n-cyanopyridinium and 1-alkyl-n-(trifluoromethyl) pyridinium salts SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COUPLING REACTIONS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; MELTING-POINTS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; VISCOSITY; IODIDE; CRYSTALLINE; ANIONS AB 1-Alkyl-n-cyanopyridinium and 1-alkyl-n-(trifluoromethyl) pyridinium salts have been synthesised and characterised in order to compare the effects of different electron-withdrawing functional groups on their ability to form ionic liquids. The presence of the electron-withdrawing nitrile or trifluoromethyl substituent on the pyridinium ring leads to salts with higher melting points than with the corresponding 1-alkylpyridinium or 1-alkylpicolinium cations. Solid-state structures were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography for seven salts; 1-methyl-4-cyanopyridinium methylsulfate, and 1-methyl-3-cyanopyridinium, 1-methyl-4-cyanopyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-cyanopyridinium, 1-ethyl-3-cyanopyridinium, 1-ethyl-4-cyanopyridinium and 1-ethyl-4-(trifluormethyl) pyridinium bis{(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl} imide, and show the effects of ring-substitution position on hydrogen-bonding in the solid-state and on melting points. C1 [Hardacre, Christopher; Holbrey, John D.; Mullan, Claire L.; Seddon, Kenneth R.] Queens Univ Belfast, QUILL Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Nieuwenhuyzen, Mark] Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Reichert, W. Matthew] USN, Res Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holbrey, JD (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, QUILL Res Ctr, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM j.holbrey@qub.ac.uk OI Holbrey, John/0000-0002-3084-8438; Hardacre, Christopher/0000-0001-7256-6765 FU BP; QUILL; EPSRC [EP/D029538/1]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231]; U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U. S. Naval Academy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge BP, QUILL and the EPSRC (Portfolio Partnership Scheme, Grant EP/D029538/1) for funding. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC0205CH11231. W. M. R would like to acknowledge the support of Paul Trulove and Hugh De Long. Portions of this work were funded by the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the U. S. Naval Academy. Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or Navy. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1953 EP 1967 DI 10.1039/b805063e PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 384LJ UT WOS:000261746000017 ER PT J AU Rabier, F Gauthier, P Cardinali, C Langland, R Tsyrulnikov, M Lorenc, A Steinle, P Gelaro, R Koizumi, K AF Rabier, F. Gauthier, P. Cardinali, C. Langland, R. Tsyrulnikov, M. Lorenc, A. Steinle, P. Gelaro, R. Koizumi, K. TI An update on THORPEX-related research in data assimilation and observing strategies SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; BACKGROUND-ERROR COVARIANCES; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVATION IMPACT; SATELLITE DATA; SYSTEM; ATLANTIC AB The international programme 'THORPEX: a World Weather Research Programme' provides a framework in which to tackle the challenge of improving the forecast skill of high-impact weather through international collaboration between academic institutions, operational forecast centres, and users of forecast products. The objectives of the THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observation Strategy Working Group (DAOS-WG) are two-fold. The primary goal is to assess the impact of observations and various targeting methods to provide guidance for observation campaigns and for the configuration of the Global Observing System. The secondary goal is to setup an optimal framework for data assimilation, including aspects such as targeted observations, satellite data, background error covariances and quality control. The Atlantic THORPEX Regional campaign, ATReC, in 2003, has been very successful technically and has provided valuable datasets to test targeting issues. Various data impact experiments have been performed, showing a small but very slightly positive impact of targeted observations. Projects of the DAOS-WG include working on the AMMA field experiment, in the context of IPY and to prepare the future THORPEX-PARC field campaign in the Pacific by comparing sensitivity of the forecasts to observations between several groups. C1 [Rabier, F.] CNRM GAME, Meteo, France. [Rabier, F.] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. [Gauthier, P.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cardinali, C.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Langland, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Tsyrulnikov, M.] Hydrometeorol Res Ctr Russia, Moscow, Russia. [Gelaro, R.] NASA, Global Modelling & Assimilat Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Rabier, F (reprint author), CNRM GAME, Meteo, France. EM Florence.Rabier@meteo.fr OI Gauthier, Pierre/0000-0001-9000-9313; Tsyrulnikov, Michael/0000-0002-7357-334X NR 55 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269TH UT WOS:000253672700008 ER PT J AU Gould, RW AF Gould, Richard W., Jr. TI Greta A. Fryxell special volume dedication SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PY 2008 SU 133 BP XX EP XXI PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 276TO UT WOS:000254166200004 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, M Kim, CS Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Canedy, C. L. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Interband cascade laser progress - art. no. 69090X SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel in-Plane Semiconductor Lasers VII CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; photodiode; long-wavelength infrared. ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; LASING PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; POWER AB Recent advances in the development of mid-IR antimonide type-II "W" interband cascade lasers have led to a considerably improved high-temperature operation of the devices. We report an experimental investigation of four interband cascade lasers with wavelengths spanning the mid-infrared spectral range, i.e., 2.9-5.2 mu m near room temperature in pulsed mode. One broad-area device had a pulsed threshold current density of only 3.8 A/cm(2) at 78 K (lambda = 3.6 mu m) and 590 A/cm(2) at 300 K (X = 4.1 mu m). The room-temperature threshold for the shortest-wavelength device (lambda = 2.6-2.9 mu m) was even lower, 450 A/cm(2). A cavity-length study of the lasers emitting at 3.6-4.1 mu m yielded an internal loss varying from 7.8 cm(-1) at 78 K to 24 cm-1 at 300 K, accompanied by a decrease of the internal efficiency from 77% to 45%. Preliminary cw testing led to a narrow-ridge device from one of the wafers with emission at lambda = 4.1 mu m operating to 288 K, a new record for interband devices in this wavelength range. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, M.; Kim, C. S.; Nolde, J. A.; Larrabee, D. C.; Lindle, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7084-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6909 BP X9090 EP X9090 DI 10.1117/12.766908 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHO29 UT WOS:000254740900023 ER PT S AU Beadie, G Fleet, E Rosenberg, A Lane, PA Shirk, JS Kamdar, AR Ponting, M Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Beadie, G. Fleet, E. Rosenberg, A. Lane, Paul A. Shirk, James S. Kamdar, A. R. Ponting, M. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. BE Koshel, RJ Gregory, GG Moore, JD Krevor, DH TI Gradient Index Polymer Optics SO NOVEL OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MICROLAYER COEXTRUSION; HUMAN LENS; DESIGN; POWER AB The design, fabrication, and properties of one of a new class of gradient-index lenses are reported. The lens is an f/2.25 GRIN singlet based on a nanolayered polymer composite material, designed to correct for spherical aberration. The light gathering and focusing properties of the polymer lens are compared to a homogeneous BK7 glass singlet with a similar f-number. The modulation transfer function of the polymer GRIN lens exceeded that of the homogeneous glass lens at all spatial frequencies and was as much as 3 times better at 5 cyc/mm. The weight of the polymer lens was approximately an order of magnitude less than the homogeneous glass lens. C1 [Beadie, G.; Fleet, E.; Rosenberg, A.; Lane, Paul A.; Shirk, James S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7281-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7061 AR 706113 DI 10.1117/12.795906 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BIQ85 UT WOS:000262082000030 ER PT B AU Gehman, VH Long, KJ Santiago, F Boulais, KA Rayms-Keller, A AF Gehman, V. H., Jr. Long, K. J. Santiago, F. Boulais, K. A. Rayms-Keller, A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Understanding Conduction Mechanisms in Nano-Structures SO NSTI NANOTECH 2008, VOL 3, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2008) CY JUN 01-05, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Accelrys Software, Ace Glass, Advance Reprod Corp, Adv Mat Technologies Pte Ltd, Agilent Technologies, AIXTRON AG, AJA Int, ALM, Amuneal Mfg Corp, ANSYS, Anton Paar USA, Appl MicroStruct, Appl Surface Technologies, Arkalon Chem Technologies, LLC, Arkema Grp, Artech House Publishers, Asemblon, ASML, Asylum Res, AZoNano, Banner & Witcoff, Beckman Coulter, Bio Nano Counsulting, BioForce Nanosci, Boneer Corp, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Purdue Univ, Discovery Pk, Brookhaven Instruments Corp, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC, Buhler AG, Business Week, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Capovani Brothers, Los Alamos, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnologies, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Cheap tubes, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, COMSOL, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Core Technol Grp, CRESTEC Corp, CSEM, CVI Melles Griot, Dept Innovat, Ind, Sci & Res, Digital Matirx, Draiswerke, ETH Zurich, Eulitha AG, Marks & Clerk, Marubent Techno Syst Corp, Massachusetts Technol Transfer Ctr, Mat Res Soc, Merck & Co, Microfluidics, Micromerit Instrument Corp, Microtrac, MINAT 2008, Messe Stuttgart, Minus K Technol, Misonix, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Motorola, Nano Korea 2008, Nano Sci & Technol Inst`, nano tech 2009 Japan, Nano Technol Res Assoc Korea, NanoAndMore USA, NanoDynamics, NanoEurope 2008, NanoInk, Nanomotion, Nanon Imaging Ltd, NANOSENSORS, Nanosyst Initiat Munich, Nanotech No Europe 2008, nano Tox, Nano World AG`, NCI, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIH, Natl Nanomfg Network, Natl Nanotechnol Infrastruct, GATech, Microelect Res Ctr, Nat Nano, Nat Publishing Grp, NETZSCH Fine Particle Technol LLC, NIL Technol ApS, Novomer, NTT Adv Technol Corp, Olympus Ind Amer, OSEC, Business Network Switzerland, Oxford Instruments, Particle Technol Labs, Penn State Univ, Photon Spectra, Physik Instrumente LP, picoDrill SA, Piezo Inst, PVD Prod, Q Sense, Quantum Analyt, Raith USA, European Patent Off, Evans Analyt Grp, EXAKT Technologies, First Nano, Flow Sci, FDA, Goodwin Procter LLP, Greater Houston Partnership, Greenberg Traurig LLP, Halcyonics, Headwaters Technol Innovat LLC, Heidelberg Instruments, Hielscher USA, HighNano Analyti, Hiscock & Barclay LLP, Hitachi High Technologies Amr, Hochschule Offenburg Univ Appl Sci, HOCKMEYER Equipment Corp, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, IBU tec adv mat GmbH, IDA Ireland, ImageXpert, Inspec, Inc, IEEE, Inst Nanoscale & Quantum Sci & Technol Adv Res, IntelliSense Software Corp, Invest Germany, IOP Publishing, Italian Trade Commiss, JENOPTIK, Justus Liebig Univ, KAUST, Keithley Instruments, Kelvin Nanotechnol Ltd, Kodak, Kotobuki Ind Co, Ltd, Lake Shore Cryotron, MACRO M, NanoClay, Res Germany Land Ideas, RKS Legal Solut LLC, Dandia Natl Labs, Scottish Enterprise, SEMTech Solut, Serendip, Silvix Corp, SNS Nano Fiber Technol LLC, SoftMEMS LLC, Son & Mat, SW Nano Technologies, Specialty Coating Syst, Spectrum Labs, SPEX SamplePrep LLC, Springer, Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC, Strem Chem, Sukgyung A T Co, Lts, Surrey NanoSyst, SUSS MicroTec, Swissnanotech Pavilion, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC, CRC Press, TechConnect, Technovel Corp, Tekna Plasma Syst, Thinky Corp, Thomas Swan & Co Ltd, UGL Unicco, UK Trade & Investment, UniJet, Univ Muenster, Univ Appl Sci, Univ Duisburg, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg, Vecco Instruments, Wasatch Mol Inc, Weidmann Plast Technol, Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP, Willy A Bachofen AG, WITec GmbH, World Gold Council DE atomic force microscopy; nano-conduction; nanopore; double-layer model; electrolyte AB Many emerging technologies require the understanding of charge transport mechanisms through nanostructures. Our previous research has revealed unusual and enhanced conduction properties in pores whose width is significantly less than 1 mu m over a range of +10V to -10V. The conduction current, as a function of voltage, of a NaCl electrolyte within a 150-nm pore has been measured and characterized using an atomic force microscope (AFM). A double-layer conduction model has been devised to explain the experimental results. C1 [Gehman, V. H., Jr.; Long, K. J.; Santiago, F.; Boulais, K. A.; Rayms-Keller, A.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gehman, VH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM dlgr_nswc_Q23@navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8505-1 PY 2008 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMF51 UT WOS:000272170200107 ER PT S AU Laurent, P Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Laurent, Philippe Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai BE Chakrabarti, SK Majumdar, AS TI On the Nonrelativistic Origin of Redskewed Iron Lines in CV, Neutron Stars and Black Holes SO OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe/Satellite Meeting on Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts CY FEB 10-17, 2008 CL Kolkata, INDIA SP S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Indian Space Res Organizat DE line: profiles; stars: white dwarfs, neutron; X-ray :binaries; X-rays: individual (GK Per), individual (Serpens X-1), individual (GX 339-4); radiation mechanisms; physical data and processes ID DISK; ACCRETION; SPECTRA; PROBE AB We present an XMM-Newton EPIC/PN data analysis of the Ka line detected in cataclysmic variable (CV) GK Per. We show that the iron K-alpha emission line of GK Per has a noticeable redskewed profile. We compare the GK Per asymmetric line with the redskewed lines observed by XMM-Newton in neutron star (NS) source Serpens X-1 and black hole (BH) source BH GX 339-4. The observations of the Ka emission with redskewed features in CV GK Per indicate that this effect may be not only a BH particular signature related to General Relativity (GR). Also, recently an alternative model for broad red-shifted iron line formation in an outflowing wind, a common phenomenon for CVs, NSs and BHs, has been suggested. In this paper we demonstrate that the asymmetric shapes of the lines detected from these CV, NS and BH sources are well described by this wind (outflow) model. C1 [Laurent, Philippe] CEA, DSM, Irfu, SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Laurent, Philippe] APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, CEOSR, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] NASA, GSFC, USRA, CRESST,Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Laurent, P (reprint author), CEA, DSM, Irfu, SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM plaurent@cea.fr; lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil RI laurent, philippe/E-6211-2013 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0582-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1053 BP 333 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL59 UT WOS:000260564000049 ER PT S AU Ojha, R Kadler, M Tingay, SJ Lovell, JEJ AF Ojha, Roopesh Kadler, Matthias Tingay, Steven J. Lovell, James E. J. CA TANAMI & GLAST LAT AGN Teams BE Chakrabarti, SK Majumdar, AS TI Studying Black Holes in the GLAST Era SO OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe/Satellite Meeting on Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts CY FEB 10-17, 2008 CL Kolkata, INDIA SP S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Indian Space Res Organizat DE AGN; multi-frequency; quasars; gamma-ray; radio; VLBI; southern hemisphere ID GIGAHERTZ-PEAKED SPECTRUM; HEMISPHERE ICRF SOURCES; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; MISSION AB A key result in AGN research over the past two decades has been the detection of gamma-ray emission by EGRET. A number of models are proposed to explain this emission. The GLAST satellite will dramatically improve the quality and quantity of gamma-ray data on AGN but the best use of this data to test models will be possible only in conjunction with data across the electromagnetic spectrum. In particular, parsec scale radio information provided by VLBI observations of AGN jets are needed to address some of the most crucial questions raised by EGRET. The TANAMI project and supporting programs are monitoring southern hemisphere AGN (most of which cannot be observed by northern hemisphere telescopes) at a range of resolutions. Results will be made available promptly through a website and quick publications and the community is invited to influence the source list and other aspects of the program including rapid follow-up of targets of opportunity. C1 [Ojha, Roopesh] USN Observ, NVI, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Kadler, Matthias] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Astron Inst Friedrich Alexander, Bamberg, Germany. [Tingay, Steven J.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Lovell, James E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), USN Observ, NVI, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Tingay, Steven/B-5271-2013; OI Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0582-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1053 BP 395 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL59 UT WOS:000260564000063 ER PT J AU Smith, SR Ngodock, HE AF Smith, S. R. Ngodock, H. E. TI Cycling the Representer Method for 4D-variational data assimilation with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE 4D-variational data assimilation; statistical analysis; acoustic current meters; prediction; Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi Bight ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERALIZED INVERSION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SHALLOW-WATER; NAVDAS-AR; TAO DATA; FORMULATION; PREDICTION; ALGORITHM AB The Cycling Representer Method, which is a technique for solving 4D-variational data assimilation problems, has been demonstrated to improve the assimilation accuracy with simpler nonlinear models. In this paper, the Cycling Representer Method will be used to assimilate an array of ADCP velocity observations with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Experiments are performed in a high-resolution Mississippi Bight domain for the entire month of June, 2004 and demonstrate the usefulness of this assimilation technique in a realistic application. The Representer Method is solved by minimizing a cost function containing the weighted squared errors of velocity measurements, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and model dynamics. NCOM, however, is a highly nonlinear model and in order to converge towards the global minimum of this cost function, NCOM is linearized about a background state using tangent linearization. The stability of this tangent linearized model (TLM) is a very sensitive function of the background state, the level of nonlinearity of the model, open boundary conditions, and the complexity of the bathymetry and flow field. For the Mississippi Bight domain, the TLM is stable for only about a day. Due to this short TLM stability time Period, the Representer Method is cycled by splitting the time period of the assimilation problem into short intervals. The interval time Period needs to be Such that it is short enough for the TLM to be stable, but long enough to minimize the loss of information due to reducing the temporal correlation of the dynamics and data. For each new cycle, a background is created as a nonlinear forecast from the previous cycle's assimilated solution. This background, along with the data that falls within this new cycle, is then Used to calculate a new assimilated solution. The experiments presented in this paper demonstrate the improvement of the assimilated solution as the time window of the cycles is reduced to 1 day. The 1-day cycling, however, was only optimal for the first half of the experiment. This is because there was a strong wind event near the middle of June that significantly reduced the stability of the 1-day cycling and Caused Substantial errors in the assimilation. Therefore, the 12-h cycling worked best for the second half of the experiment. This paper also demonstrates that the forecast skill is improved as the assimilation system progresses through the cycles. C1 [Smith, S. R.; Ngodock, H. E.] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Bldg 1009,Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM smithsc@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Program Element No. 0601153N) as part of the NRL project entitled, 'Shelf to Slope Energetics and Exchange Dynamics'. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.05.008 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 355TI UT WOS:000259731100002 ER PT J AU Haza, AC Poje, AC Ozgokmen, TM Martin, P AF Haza, Angelique C. Poje, Andrew C. Ozgokmen, Tarnay M. Martin, Paul TI Relative dispersion from a high-resolution coastal model of the Adriatic Sea SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT-LEVEL BALLOONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; SURFACE CIRCULATION; MATERIAL TRANSPORT; PAIR DISPERSION; LAGRANGIAN DATA; OCEANIC GYRES; DRIFTER DATA; DIFFUSION; FLOW AB Synthetic drifter trajectories computed from velocity data produced by a high-resolution NCOM model are used to investigate the scaling of relative dispersion and the distribution of finite-scale Lyapunov exponent (FSLE) fields in the Adriatic Sea. The effects of varying degrees of spatial and temporal filtering of the input Eulerian velocity fields on the Lagrangian statistics are investigated in order to assess the sensitivity of such statistics to model error. It is shown that the relative dispersion in the model Adriatic circulation is generally super-diffusive, scaling nearly ballistically in close agreement with Lagrangian observations from a limited set of drifters. The large-scale dispersion is dominated by persistent separation regions and the controlling influence of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC). Temporal filtering with averaging windows up to monthly time scales only affects the relative dispersion at scales smaller than 20 kin without altering the overall scaling regime. In contrast, spatial smoothing at scales as small as 5 km significantly reduces relative dispersion at all scales up to 100 km. While basin-scale dispersion statistics are strongly dependent on spatial resolution of the model WAC, maps of FSLE fields over initial conditions indicate that the detailed geometry of the dispersion is determined to a large extent by the temporal resolution of the model. In addition, the degree of spatial heterogeneity in the flow field implies that the existence, or non-existence, of a distinct exponential regime in the FSLE at small scales is extremely sensitive to the details of particle pair sampling strategies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haza, Angelique C.; Ozgokmen, Tarnay M.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Poje, Andrew C.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY USA. [Martin, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haza, AC (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM ahaza@rsmas.miami.edu NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.01.006 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 303WL UT WOS:000256071500004 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Hogan, PJ AF Zamudio, Luis Hogan, Patrick J. TI Nesting the gulf of Mexico in Atlantic HYCOM: Oceanographic processes generated by Hurricane Ivan SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; TURBID BLACK-SEA; LOOP CURRENT; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; YUCATAN CHANNEL; WATER TURBIDITY; CLOSURE-MODEL; MIXED-LAYER; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY AB The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at 1/25 degrees horizontal grid resolution and has been nested inside a basin-scale 1/12 degrees Atlantic version of HYCOM. The 1/25 degrees nested GOM model is used to study temperature variations, current patterns, transport variations, and two coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) generated by Hurricane Ivan during mid September 2004. The model results indicate that the winds generated by Ivan: (1) induced a transport variation of approximately 2 Sv/day along the Yucatan Channel, (2) enhanced the oceanic mixing lowering the sea surface temperature more than 3 degrees C along Ivan's path, (3) produced a thermocline vertical velocity of >100 m/day, and (4) generated a westward transport of similar to 8 Sv along the northern coast of the GOM that was redirected by the Louisiana coastline inducing a southward transport of similar to 6 Sv. Throughout its passage over the Caribbean Sea Ivan generated first a CTW along the south east coast of Cuba. After its generation this wave propagated along the coast and partially propagated along the western tip of the Cuban Island and continued its propagation along the northern coast of the Island. The model existence of CTWs along the coast of Cuba is reported for the first time. Later on, over the Florida-Alabama-Mississippi-Louisiana coast, Ivan's westward winds drove a model oceanic onshore transport and generated a strong coastal convergence. The convergence raised the sea surface height similar to 90 cm generating a second CTW, which is characterized by alongshore and cross-shore scales of similar to 700 and similar to 80 km, respectively. The CTW current pattern includes westward surface currents of more than 2.0 m/s. After its generation, the wave weakened rapidly due to Ivan's eastward winds, however a fraction of the CTW propagated to the west and was measured by a tide gauge at Galveston, Texas. The descriptions, hypothesis, and discussions presented in this study are based on model results and those results are compared and validated with sea surface height coastal tide gauge observations and sea surface temperature buoy observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hogan, Patrick J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM Luis.Zamudio@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 106 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.12.002 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 293ZJ UT WOS:000255373600003 ER PT S AU Reeder, DB Duda, TF Ma, B AF Reeder, D. Benjamin Duda, Timothy F. Ma, Barry GP IEEE TI Short-range acoustic propagation variability on a shelf area with strong nonlinear internal waves SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; SOUND INTENSITY; SOLITONS; FLUCTUATION; SLOPE AB During April 2007 a six-day long experiment was conducted to measure internal waves and their acoustic effects at a continental shelf site in the Northern South China Sea. The site is slightly west of the edge of the shelf. At the shelf edge, large internal waves originating in the Luzon Strait area enter shallow water from deep water, undergoing rapid dissipation and wave shape evolution. A moored acoustic source transmitted 400-Hz pulses 3.0 and 6.0 km to two moored vertical line arrays, with geometry such that the propagation path was roughly parallel to the crests of the strongest passing internal waves, so that strong horizontal refraction effects are expected. Internal-wave characteristics and effects of the internal waves on the sound propagation, both observed and modeled, are shown here. C1 [Reeder, D. Benjamin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Duda, Timothy F.] Appl, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Ma, Barry] Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Tsoyin, Taiwan. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Taiwan National Science Council FX Supporting grants from the Office of Naval Research are acknowledged. Use of the ship was funded by the Taiwan National Science Council. The scientific personnel on the cruise were Barry Ma (Chief Scientist, NA), Wen-Hua Her (NTU), Ming-Huei Chang (NTU), Shang Hong, Justin Chang, Ben Reeder (US-Chief Scientist, NPS), Chris Miller (NPS), Marla Stone (NPS), and Keith Wyckoff (NPS). The crew members and technicians of the NTU vessel OR] are thanked for their efforts. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 165 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100029 ER PT S AU Zheng, YR Xiao, CS Liu, X Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Liu, Xin Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP IEEE TI Further results on frequency-domain channel equalization for single carrier underwater acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE KOBE TECHNO-OCEAN, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference OCEANS 2008 and MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean '08 CY APR 08-11, 2008 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, MTS Japan Sect, IEEE OES Japan Sect, Techno Ocean Network, Kobe Convent & Visitors Assoc, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, AESTO, NEC Corp, Off Naval Res Global, Alec Elect Co Ltd, Hakodate Dock Co Ltd, Imabari Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Namura Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Sanoyas Hishino Meisho Corp, Sasebo Heavy Industries Co Ltd, Shin Kurushima Dockyard Co Ltd, Toyohashi Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Tsuneishi Holdings Corp ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; PASSIVE-PHASE-CONJUGATION AB A frequency-domain channel equalization and phase correction method was proposed in a previous work published in Oceans'07 conference, in which 10(-4) BER performance was presented for fixed-to-fixed source/receiver channel. The method is improved by using minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation in channel updates rather than least squares estimation. It is applied to moving-to-fixed channels in the AUVFest'07 ocean experiment where single-carrier wideband transmission was employed with quadrature phase shift keying modulation. The moving source channels exhibit higher Doppler shift and larger Doppler drift than the fixed-to-fixed channels. Therefore, the number of symbols required for initial phase estimation is increased from 2 to 8 symbols when the group-wise phase correction algorithm is applied to the moving sources. Thirty-six packets with data block length of 512 symbols have been processed and 34 of them achieved an uncoded Bit Error Rate (BER) lower than 10(-2). The overall uncoded BER performance of all 36 packets is 1.81 X 10(-3) which is slightly higher than that of the fixed-to-fixed channels. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan; Liu, Xin] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, YR (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0514770] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-07-1-0219 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0514770. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2125-1 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1010 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Telecommunications GA BIA62 UT WOS:000257943100176 ER PT S AU Meredith, R Mensi, B Gendron, M AF Meredith, Roger Mensi, Bryan Gendron, Marlin GP MTS IEEE TI Hierarchical Clustering of Historic Sound Speed Profiles SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Categorizing historical sound speed profiles stems from the desire to map spatial and temporal variability. Sound speed variability correlates with environmental phenomena and is an indicator of changes in sonar performance. Sound speed maps will assist in planning more efficient environmental survey operations such as conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) collections. Intrinsic profile attributes estimated directly from the profile, such as the mean, variance, and derivative values, are used in the clustering process separately or in conjunction with extrinsic attributes such as location and ocean floor depth. Examples are used to demonstrate that the underlying spatial boundaries of the cluster groupings identify regions where sound speed profiles are consistent. The process is easily tailored to multiple clustering based upon the spatial and temporal scales of interest or on generic properties of the individual profile. The sensitivity of the cluster boundaries and group statistics to the addition of new profiles, or to changes in temporal and spatial scale, defines a new environmental characterization. C1 [Meredith, Roger; Mensi, Bryan] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Gendron, Marlin] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Meredith, R (reprint author), Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500007 ER PT S AU Clark, CA Smith, KB AF Clark, Cathy Ann Smith, Kevin B. GP MTS IEEE TI A Full Spectrum Solution to Wave Propagation Prediction SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB An overview of a normal mode method of solving the Helmholtz wave equation to describe the underwater sound field for a fixed point source in a plane multilayered medium is presented. The mode functions are well-defined at all depths of the medium as they are continuous across turning points of the separated depth-dependent differential equation. Comparisons of model results to a limited number of benchmark propagation soultions are presented. C1 [Clark, Cathy Ann] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clark, CA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cathy.clark@navy.mil; kbsmith@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500008 ER PT S AU Harris, MM Avera, WE Abelev, A Bentrem, FW Bibee, LD AF Harris, Michael M. Avera, William E. Abelev, Andrei Bentrem, Frank W. Bibee, L. Dale GP MTS IEEE TI Sensing Shallow Seafloor and Sediment Properties, Recent History SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID OCEAN-BOTTOM AB Near surface seafloor properties are needed for recreational, commercial, and military applications. Construction projects on the ocean seafloors often require extensive knowledge about strength, deformability, hydraulic, thermal, acoustic, and seismic characteristics for locating stable environments and ensuring proper functioning of structures, pipelines, and other installations on the surface of and buried into the marine sediments. The military is also interested in a variety of seafloor properties as they impact sound propagation, mine impact burial, trafficability, bearing capacity, time-dependent settlement, and stability of objects on the seafloor. Point measurements of sediment properties are done using core samplers and sediment grab devices (with subsequent lab analysis) and in-situ probes. These techniques are expensive in terms of ship time and provide limited area coverage. Sub-bottom acoustic and electromagnetic sensors can provide profiles of near surface sediment information with improved coverage rates. Fusion techniques are being developed to provide areal extent of sediment information from multiple sensors. This paper examines the recent history of techniques used to measure sediment properties in the upper portions of the seafloor and in shallow (<100m) water. C1 [Harris, Michael M.; Avera, William E.; Abelev, Andrei; Bentrem, Frank W.; Bibee, L. Dale] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Harris, MM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 146 EP 156 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500023 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. GP MTS IEEE TI Toward continuous underwater acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The paper addresses the technical challenges and approaches for semi-continuous underwater acoustic communications, i.e., transmission of long packets under different environmental conditions without periodic training. The packet length is normally constrained by the channel coherence time for a given bandwidth, beyond which channel tracking using an adaptive decision feedback equalizer becomes difficult. But if the channel is known for each block of coherence time, communications can proceed in principle continuously without time limitation. Using the iterative correlation-based equalizer where decision symbols are assumed to be the true symbols to estimate the channel condition, it is shown based on at-sea data that long packets of data can be transmitted with minimal errors even in harsh environments where the channel coherence time is very short (a fraction of the packet length). C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 180 EP 185 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500028 ER PT S AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP MTS IEEE TI Low probability of detection underwater acoustic communications for mobile platforms SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Mobile underwater platforms, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), use underwater acoustic communications to form a network for command and control. Direct sequence spread spectrum signaling can be used for multi-access communications. It also provides high processing gain for communications using a low source level. Probability of detection by an intruder is minimized due to the decreased signal-to-noise ratio outside the operation area. A simple receiver algorithm is presented for DSSS communications between mobile platforms in the presence of multipaths. This paper analyzes the required source level for a given operating area and the corresponding counter detection range by a intruder. C1 [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU US Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500029 ER PT S AU Harrison, BF Baggenstoss, PM AF Harrison, Brian F. Baggenstoss, Paul M. GP MTS IEEE TI A MULTI-RESOLUTION HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL FOR OPTIMAL DETECTION, TRACKING, SEPARATION, AND CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE MAMMAL VOCALIZATIONS SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB We employ the multi-resolution hidden Markov model (MRHMM) to develop an improved algorithm for modeling marine mammal wandering tone vocalizations (whistles). A vocalization is modeled by a series of time segments in which the signal has a constant frequency rate (chirps). Rather than using chirps of uniform length, the segments are allowed to be of variable size, thus adapting to both short rapid changes in frequency rate as well as long segments of constant rate. The method supports the goals of finding the single best segmentation or the average joint probability density function of the data over all possible segmentations, weighted by the a priori probability of each segmentation. The probability density function (PDF) projection theorem is used to allow likelihood comparisons in the raw data domain. Simulated data and recorded marine mammal vocalizations are used to demonstrate the technique. C1 [Harrison, Brian F.; Baggenstoss, Paul M.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM harrison_bf@ieee.org; p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 630 EP 638 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500095 ER PT S AU Baylog, JG Wettergren, TA Hyland, JC Smith, CM AF Baylog, John G. Wettergren, Thomas A. Hyland, John C. Smith, Cheryl M. GP MTS IEEE TI Robust Search for Structured Object Placement using Unmanned Vehicles SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB We develop a robust method for planning an undersea search by unmanned vehicles; the goal of which is to find groups of objects that may be placed randomly or arranged in predefined patterns on the ocean floor. This approach revolves around the computation of target pattern priors that describe the underlying geometrical structure of the expected group of objects. These priors are updated based on limited search observations, followed by a search performance assessment in the remaining region utilizing these observed target pattern distributions. We outline the derivation of this approach to assessing the performance of unmanned searches. The algorithms performance is tested in a simulation example to illustrate the improvement in search evaluation accuracy provided by the consideration of object structure. We conclude with a discussion of how this search planing strategy can be employed in realistic scenarios, searching for objects that are expected to appear in more general patterns. C1 [Baylog, John G.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Hyland, John C.; Smith, Cheryl M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Baylog, JG (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM baylogjg@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org; john.hyland@navy.mil; cheryl.m.smith1@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Maritime Sensing [321] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Code 321 Maritime Sensing. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 778 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500117 ER PT S AU Paulson, K Meggitt, D AF Paulson, Kathleen Meggitt, Dallas GP MTS IEEE TI US Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center Environmental Program on Climate Change SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The United States Navy has a long record of responsible environmental stewardship covering many areas such as environmental planning, regulatory compliance, site clean-up, and protection of natural resources. The Navy is now beginning to appreciate the potentially devastating potential of a new set of environmental issues related to climate change. There is a growing recognition that the Navy will need to perform its national security mission in a changing global environment characterized by: Rising sea levels that threaten the viability of Navy coastal installations Increasing extreme weather events that threaten Navy shore installations and air and sea operations Climatic shifts in temperature and precipitation with attendant problems such as disruption in water resources, reductions in food supply, and increase in disease vectors This paper provides a broad overview of climate change-related technology work at the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NAVFAC ESC) in Port Hueneme, California. NAVFAC ESC categorized technologies that can be applied to climate change as mitigation, adaptation, and intervention. An essential element of the Navy's response to climate change is assessment of the potential impacts on Navy infrastructure. Adaptation technologies primarily focus on infrastructure changes to accommodate future climate conditions, including relocating facilities. Mitigation technologies seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are driving climate change, typically through energy conservation or adoption of alternative energy sources. NAVFAC ESC has also identified approaches for intervention technologies that seek to alter the impacts of climate change through such means as carbon sequestration and storm abatement. C1 [Paulson, Kathleen] USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. [Meggitt, Dallas] Sound & Sea Technol Inc, Ventura, CA USA. RP Paulson, K (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 812 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500123 ER PT S AU Tao, J Zheng, YHR Xiao, CS Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Tao, Jun Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin GP MTS IEEE TI Time-Domain Receiver Design for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; CHANNELS AB In this paper, we propose a time-domain receiver design scheme for high data rate single carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic corn on cations. In this scheme, each received packet is artificially partitioned into blocks for processing. The MIMO channel is initially estimated using training blocks at the front of transmitted packets from all transducers. With the estimated MIMO channel, one data block following the training blocks is equalized. The phase rotation in the equalized data block is compensated by a group-wise phase correction operation, before symbol detection. The newly detected data block along with K - 1 previous data (or pilot) blocks are utilized to re-estimate the channel, which is employed to equalize the next new data block. The block-wise processing procedure is repeated until all blocks in the received packet are processed and demodulated. The proposed receiver scheme is tested with MakaiEx05 experimental data measured at Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005. Processing results show that it works effectively with 2 x 8 BPSK, QPSK and 8PSK transmissions at the symbol period of 0.1 milliseconds. The average uncoded bit error rate (BER) is on the order of 8 X 10(-4) for BPSK, 3 x 10(-2) for QPSK, and 8 X 10(-2) for 8PSK transmission. C1 [Tao, Jun] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tao, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0832833] FX The work of Y. R. Zheng and C. Xiao was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-07-1-0219 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0832833. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1016 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654500157 ER PT S AU Walsh, MJ Wettergren, TA AF Walsh, Michael J. Wettergren, Thomas A. GP MTS IEEE TI Search Performance Prediction for Multistatic Sensor Fields SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB An existing search performance model for distributed passive sensor networks is extended to multistatic sensor networks comprised of active sources and passive receivers. The model provides an upper bound on the detection range of a receiver in the field, and uses this bound to compute the expected probability of successful search for a given target track. This expected probability depends on the numbers of sources and receivers in the field, their location distribution functions, and the location and orientation of the track. For uniformly (randomly) distributed sources and receivers, the distribution function for the upper bound on receiver detection range can be computed analytically in closed form. We show that the resulting estimates of probability of successful search for uniformly distributed multistatic fields is a reasonable approximation to more accurate values obtained via Monte Carlo simulation for various numbers of sources and receivers, and for various numbers of required detections. We conclude with a discussion of how this model may be used in designing and planning multistatic systems for undersea surveillance. C1 [Walsh, Michael J.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Walsh, MJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. EM m.j.walsh@ieee.org; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1247 EP 1254 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501017 ER PT S AU Tyce, R Critz, K Book, JW Tender, L AF Tyce, Robert Critz, Kenneth Book, Jeffrey W. Tender, Leonard GP MTS IEEE TI Low Power Control Systems for Microbial Fuel Cell Batteries SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The URI Ocean Engineering Department has been working with the US Naval Research Laboratory to develop and test microbial fuel cell battery systems for low power seafloor applications of extended duration. These low power fuel cells utilize graphite electrodes in anoxic sediment coupled to bottle brush graphite electrodes in the water column to make up a battery system. These battery systems typically produce power on the order of 10-50 milli-watts per square meter of electrode area, or as much as ten times more if sediment electrode pore water can be exchanged by means of a pump. As part of this program, testing of these microbial fuel cell batteries has been conducted in the Potomac River Washington D.C., Narragansett Bay Rhode Island, Tuckerton New Jersey, and Monterey Bay California. For these tests it has been necessary to develop long term, low power control and monitoring systems to manage the batteries operation and to record their performance without consuming a significant portion of the meager power produced. This paper details the development and testing of these low power monitoring systems and their results. For this project we have developed several related systems. All of the systems utilize Oopic microcontrollers as the core low power computer. The Oopic consumes about 20mA at 5 volts when on and none when off. Its programs are stored on EEPROM, and they start from the beginning each time the Oopic is powered up. Notes from the previous time awake can be stored in the EEPROM below the program. The microcontrollers are turned on by an electronic alarm from an 12C real time alarm clock chip with its own multi year lithium battery. The microcontrollers command the shut off of power as part of their program. The real time clock maintains crystal controlled date and time without using any system power. The clock can be programmed to wake up the system at a specific date and time, or at any of numerous intervals, Once awake, the Oopic can check the date, monitor/control the system status and even operate a low power pump. Long term measurements over many months can be logged on a micro SD card by means of a serial file management storage chip which uses only 3 ma at 3.3 volts when not writing, and a momentary 40mA to write. When the system is asleep none of the subsystems consumes any power. Programmed to awake once an hour for 20 seconds to monitor the system and record the results on the SD card, the average power consumption can be kept to less than 2 milliwatts. The control system can be woken up, report data, accept commands, or be reprogrammed; all through an RS232 serial cable. The system utilizes an RS232 chip that manufactures +/- 10V RS232 signals from +5V with only a few milliamps of additional power consumption. This chip is capable of communicating over a 100m long cable at 9600 baud. In one instance in Tuckerton New Jersey near a dock, it was possible to continuously cable the control system ashore where a Netburner network based microcontroller was connected. The Netburner was programmed to provide an FTP and Telnet site, allowing remote monitoring and control from across the country over the internet. C1 [Tyce, Robert; Critz, Kenneth] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Book, Jeffrey W.; Tender, Leonard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Tyce, R (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. FU US Naval Research Laboratory under a grant to the University of Rhode Island; Office of Naval Research as part of the research program [0602435N] FX The work presented here was supported by the US Naval Research Laboratory under a grant to the University of Rhode Island. This grant and the work of J.W. Book and L. Tender were supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the research program Unattended Sea-bed Power for In-water Operations under Program Element 0602435N. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1262 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501019 ER PT S AU Mason, S Zhou, SL Yang, WB Gendron, P AF Mason, Sean Zhou, Shengli Yang, Wen-Bin Gendron, Paul GP MTS IEEE TI A Comparative Study of Differential and Noncoherent Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum over Underwater Acoustic Channels with Multiuser Interference SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Spread spectrum communication provides a robust solution for underwater acoustic communication over noisy or otherwise unfavorable channels while allowing multiple users to occupy the same bandwidth at the same time. In this study we compare two variants, differential and noncoherent, of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) side-by-side on their performance over a range of channel conditions. Analysis of experimental data collected from the UNET06 experiment in St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, reveals a tradeoff in performance between these two methods when the interference level and data rates change. Through further simulations we develop a good picture of the range of channel conditions for which one method will outperform the other. These results depend largely on the channel coherence value and the interference level: specifically, the differential scheme is better suited to coherent channels with low interference levels while the noncoherent scheme achieves better performance in high-interference scenarios and as the channel coherence decreases. Further, we observe that the noncoherent scheme is more robust relative to the differential alternative when the rate increases from I bit to 2 bits per symbol transmission. C1 [Mason, Sean; Zhou, Shengli] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gendron, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mason, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU NSF [ECCS-0725562, CNS-0721834]; ONR YIP [N00014-07-1-0805]; Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR FX S. Mason and S. Zhou are supported by the NSF grants ECCS-0725562, CNS-0721834, and the ONR YIP grant N00014-07-1-0805. W. Yang is supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR). P. Gendron is supported by ONR. This work was initiated when S. Mason was employed at Naval Research Lab, Washington DC, JuneAugust 2007 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1711 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501082 ER PT S AU Harrison, M Greise, M DeNolfo, P Thomson, H AF Harrison, Mike Greise, Mark DeNolfo, Phil Thomson, Hugh GP MTS IEEE TI SOUTH TOTO ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT FACILITY (STAFAC) IN-WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLATION AUTEC ANDROS ISLAND, BAHAMAS SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE C1 [Harrison, Mike; Greise, Mark] Sound & Sea Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeNolfo, Phil] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. [Thomson, Hugh] Naval Facilit Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Harrison, M (reprint author), Sound & Sea Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mharrison@soundandsea.com; mgreise@soundandsea.com; Philip.DeNolfo@navy.mil; Hugh.Thomson@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 1808 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501098 ER PT S AU Cronin, D Landrum, GW Sharp, K AF Cronin, Doug Landrum, G. W. Sharp, Ken GP MTS IEEE TI Application of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Systems in Distributed Ocean Observing Networks SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The task of characterizing a volume of ocean, seafloor, and/or sub-seafloor has long been the realm of (1) surface vessels using hull-mounted sensors or uniquely configured tow bodies, (2) free floating/drifting systems, and (3) moored sensors. In the last decade, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have emerged as a viable and efficient means for the complex tasks of oceanographic data collection and seafloor mapping efforts that enable an accurate volume depiction. Geophysical and telecommunication survey companies have also demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of these systems, as evidenced by the growth in commercial inventory to support pipeline or cable route studies. The high operational tempo of these systems is further proof of this growth. Additionally, a broad spectrum of joint government and academia partnerships has sponsored efforts across the globe to develop permanent ocean observing systems in coastal environments. Such systems consist primarily of sensor nodes that are moored in a fixed location and connect to each other and/or a relay node (ocean to surface/land) via a fiber-optic subsurface Ethernet network. As seafloor observing systems move into the deeper water environments, installation costs for fiber networking present fiscal and technical challenges. The application of AUV systems as a mobile node in such networks presents an opportunity for expanding the basic data-mapping mission. This paper discusses efforts to date and elaborates on concepts for integrating AUVs into such networks for the purpose of data recovery, relay, and transfer between other moored, drifting (i.e., profiling floats, gliders), or surface network nodes. C1 [Cronin, Doug; Landrum, G. W.; Sharp, Ken] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Cronin, D (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2132 EP 2134 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501148 ER PT S AU Sharp, KM White, RH AF Sharp, Kenneth M. White, Randy H. GP MTS IEEE TI More Tools in the Toolbox: The Naval Oceanographic Office's Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS (REMUS) 6000 AUV SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are useful and necessary tools for modern oceanographic data collection. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Ocean Projects Department has been successfully applying AUV technology since 1997. NAVOCEANO's entry into the large AUV realm was initiated with the transfer of a vehicle developed and tested at Draper Labs in 1997, named Lazarus. NAVOCEANO also teamed with Penn State Applied Research Laboratory to design and build the SEAHORSE-Class AUV, with the first of three vehicles delivered in 2001. These vehicles are powered by D-cell alkaline batteries and were mainly used to develop AUV Concept of Operations and logistic requirements. These vehicles are designed to operate under a preprogrammed set of rules and instructions with the goal of carrying out assigned missions without direct operator interaction or supervision. This concept would provide a "force multiplier" to other NAVOCEANO survey assets. However, in order for AUVs to become operationally effective, several technology gaps needed to be overcome. These gaps included sensors, communications, navigation, power, and launch and retrieval systems. As technologies advanced, the R-EMUS 6000 AUV overcame these gaps and became an operational tool for the U.S. Navy. C1 [Sharp, Kenneth M.; White, Randy H.] USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Sharp, KM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2135 EP 2138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501149 ER PT S AU Landrum, G Stuart, TA Zhu, W AF Landrum, Gerald Stuart, Thomas A. Zhu, Wei GP MTS IEEE TI Fast Equalization for Large Lithium Ion Batteries SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB The use of Lithium Ion (LiIon) cells requires a battery management system to ensure that the LiIon cells can be operated safely and the battery pack will operate optimally. Lithium-ion batteries use an electrolyte that is flammable if exposed to high temperatures. Slight differences between the series-connected cells in a LiIon battery pack can produce imbalances in the cell voltages, and this greatly reduces the charge capacity. These batteries cannot be trickle charged like a lead acid battery because this would slightly overcharge some cells and would cause these cells to ignite. There are different methods used to ensure that the cells of a battery pack are not overcharged. The targeted equalizer (EQU) described here can be connected to any cell via a set of sealed relays to provide much faster equalization and higher efficiency than previous methods. C1 [Landrum, Gerald] USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Stuart, Thomas A.; Zhu, Wei] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Landrum, G (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RI sun, jinlei/E-8801-2011 FU Naval Oceanographic Office [N62306-07-P-7035, N62306-07-P-9005] FX This work is sponsored by the Naval Oceanographic Office under Contract Nos. N62306-07-P-7035 and N62306-07-P-9005. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2146 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501151 ER PT S AU Keiffer, RS AF Keiffer, Richard S. GP MTS IEEE TI Effect of Wind-Duration, Swell-Contamination, and Bimodal Ocean Wave Spectra on Acoustic Doppler SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER SPECTRA; SURFACE-WAVES; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION AB The purpose of the this paper is to apply a new time domain scattering model [1] (not limited to small wave heights, small slopes, or plane waves) to developing seas which may be swell-contaminated and which assume a new bimodal ocean wave directionality function [2]. This attribute of the directionality of the ocean waves is generated through nonlinear wave-wave interaction in which energy near the spectral peak feeds into both, shorter and longer wavelength components. The goal in this paper is to use these new models to further refine current estimations for the magnitude and Doppler characteristics of the acoustic scattering from the sea surface. It is hoped that these revised estimates can be used by other researchers trying to determine the characteristics of other scattering mechanisms expected to be active in the near-surface region of the sea surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keiffer, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2199 EP 2208 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501159 ER PT S AU Keiffer, RS Zingarelli, RA AF Keiffer, Richard S. Zingarelli, Robert A. GP MTS IEEE TI A Wedge Diffraction Based Scattering Model for Acoustic Scattering from Rough Littoral Seafloors SO OCEANS 2008, VOLS 1-4 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2008 Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE; SURFACE AB Models for acoustic scattering from rough surfaces based on Blot and Tolstoy's (BT) exact wedge diffraction theory have proven accurate and useful in a number of experimental and numerical studies [1]. Because the BT solution is restricted to impenetrable wedges (acoustically hard or soft boundary conditions), scattering models based on the BT solution have thus far been limited to the rough air/sea interface where the actual boundary conditions are very nearly pressure-release (soft). Recently, important theoretical work [2,3] has extended the exact BT theory to density-contrast but isospeed wedges. This new development makes possible the application of wedge diffraction based scattering models to the roughness at the sea floor where the change in the acoustic impedance at the boundary is dominated by changes in density and only weakly affected by changes in sound speed. However, it is important to confirm that small amounts of sound speed contrast do not perturb the diffraction too much. To contribute to the understanding of how the diffracted wave is affected by sound speed contrast and get some idea as to the practical limitations of wedge-diffraction based scattering models for littoral seafloors, a simple numerical experiment involving a highly accurate Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) solution to the acoustic wave equation and a wedge-shaped boundary has been explored. This paper presents the results of FDTD experiments designed to quantify any changes in the diffracted field brought about by sound speed contrast. An ad hoc treatment of sound speed contrast is developed based on the requirement that the diffracted wave must smooth out the reflection discontinuity and preserve the continuity of the total field. C1 [Keiffer, Richard S.; Zingarelli, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keiffer, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2619-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2008 BP 2209 EP 2215 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BJG44 UT WOS:000265654501160 ER PT B AU Park, HD Prokes, SM AF Park, Hyun D. Prokes, S. M. BE Wang, ZM TI Study of Nanowire Growth Mechanisms: VLS and Si Assisted SO ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES SE Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; INAS NANOWIRES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; GAAS; TEMPERATURE AB In this chapter, we have examined several of our recent results on InAs nanowires that have implications to the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism as well as the newly proposed Si-assisted growth mechanism. In summary, the study on the effect of oxygen during the nanowire growth showed the inhibiting effect of oxygen on the VLS growth mechanism. The results on the observation of size-dependent liquidus depression, more importantly, do not seem applicable on the results of Ti-catalyzed grown Si nanowires, but bring into question the validity of the vapor-solid-solid (VSS) growth mechanism in the Au-catalyzed grown GaAs and InAs nanowires. In the newly proposed nanowire growth mechanism, namely the Si-assisted mechanism using SiOx, a growth model is proposed based on the phase separation of SiO at higher temperature, which forms a stable SiO2 and reactive, nanometer-sized Si clusters. It is suggested that these clusters consequently serve as the nucleating/catalyst sites for the growth of InAs nanowires with the growth mechanism different from VLS, VSS, and OA. C1 [Park, Hyun D.; Prokes, S. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Park, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-74132-1; 978-0-387-74131-4 J9 LECT NOTES NANOSCALE PY 2008 VL 3 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-74132-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-74132-1 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BLO87 UT WOS:000270699900001 ER PT S AU Clark, JH Penado, FE DiVitorrio, M Walton, JP AF Clark, James H., III Penado, F. Ernesto DiVitorrio, Michael Walton, Joshua P. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Mount-induced deflections in eight-inch flat mirrors at the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE NPOI; optical mount; optical interferometry; mirror deflections; optical surface deformation AB The preservation of mirror surface quality and figure are of paramount importance at the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. There are oil the order of 108 eight-inch optical flats Mounted in the interferometer's optical train, 102 of which are permanently mounted inside the 9000 cubic foot vacuum feed system. The flats are specified for manufacture at lambda/20 peak-to-valley surface variation (lambda = 633 nm) over a 7.2 inch clear aperture. Silver coating with a dielectric overcoat IS Subsequently applied to the reflecting Surface. The objective when mounting the mirror is to preserve the surface quality and figure of the coated flats as much as possible. Surface deflections occur due to pressure points inherent in the mount. The mount consists of a modified commercially available tangent-arm gimbaled-type structure. In order to minimize the mounting effects and allow for a wider thermal operational range, modifications were made to the primary mirror cell in the following areas: edge support region, front face tabs, rear face loaders, and diameter. In this paper we describe the detailed cell modifications, a finite element analysis (FEA) of the mounted flat, the free-standing and as-mounted Surface figure of a typical eight-inch diameter flat as measured with a phase-shifting interferometer, the resulting mount-induced deflections, a comparison between the measured and FEA model, and conclusions. C1 [Clark, James H., III] USN, Res Lab, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Clark, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NPOI, 10391 W Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jhc@sextans.lowell.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70133K DI 10.1117/12.790257 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400109 ER PT S AU DiVittorio, M Hutter, DJ Kelley, M AF DiVittorio, Michael Hutter, Donald J. Kelley, Michael BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Plans for Utilizing the Keck Outrigger Telescopes at NPOI SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE NPOI; optical interferometry; Keck Outriggers AB Four 1.8 m outrigger telescopes were procured by NASA for use as part of the Keck Observatory Interferometer. Due to changes in NASA planning they will not be installed on Mauna Kea. The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI), a joint project of The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and Lowell Observatory, located outside Flagstaff, Arizona, would like to upgrade the current siderostats on the project to larger apertures. The preliminary plans for integrating the Keck outrigger telescopes (OT) into NPOI are presented. C1 [DiVittorio, Michael; Hutter, Donald J.] USN, Observ Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP DiVittorio, M (reprint author), USN, Observ Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM miked@nofs.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70132U DI 10.1117/12.787635 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400088 ER PT S AU Schmitt, HR Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Mozurkewich, D Jorgensen, AM Hindsley, RB Tycner, C Zavala, RT Benson, JA Hutter, DJ AF Schmitt, H. R. Pauls, T. A. Armstrong, J. T. Mozurkewich, D. Jorgensen, A. M. Hindsley, R. B. Tycner, C. Zavala, R. T. Benson, J. A. Hutter, D. J. BE Scholler, M Danchi, WC Delplancke, F TI Solving the Imaging Problem with Coherently Integrated Multiwavelength Data SO OPTICAL AND INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical and Infrared Interferometry CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; imaging; differential phases; self calibration; Be stars; binary stars ID OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY AB Recovering images from optical interferometric observations is one, of the major challenges in the field. Unlike the case of observations at radio wavelengths, in the optical the atmospheric turbulence changes the phases on a very short time scale, which results in corrupted phase measurements. In order to overcome these limitations, several groups developed image reconstruction techniques based only on squared visibility and closure phase information, which are unaffected by atmospheric turbulence. We present the results of two techniques used by our group, which employed coherently integrated data from the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. Based on these techniques we were able to recover complex visibilities for several sources and image them using standard radio imaging software. We describe these techniques, the corrections applied to the data, present the images of a few sources, and discuss the implications of these results. C1 [Schmitt, H. R.; Pauls, T. A.; Armstrong, J. T.; Hindsley, R. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schmitt, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,3555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hschmitt@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7223-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7013 AR 70131H DI 10.1117/12.789487 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIM45 UT WOS:000260782400043 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Taitt, CR AF Anderson, George P. Taitt, Chris Rowe BE Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI EVANESCENT WAVE FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSORS SO OPTICAL BIOSENSORS: TODAY AND TOMORROW, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; FLUORESCENT SIGNAL ACQUISITION; TIME-RESOLVED DETECTION; ON-SITE DETECTION; ANTIBODY IMMOBILIZATION; RAPID DETECTION; GROUND-BEEF; TETHERED COMPONENTS AB Evanescent wave fiber optic biosensors are a subset of fiber optic biosensors that perform the sensing function along the fiber's cylindrical length. In all optical fibers, light propagates by means of total internal reflection, wherein the propagating light is launched into waveguide at angles such that upon reaching the cladding-core interface, the energy is reflected and remains in the core of the fiber. Remarkably, however, for light reflecting at angles near the critical angle, a significant portion of the power extends into the cladding or medium which surrounds the core. This phenomenon, known as the evanescent wave, extends only to a short distance from the interface, with power dropping exponentially with distance. The evanescent wave has been exploited to allow for real-time interrogation of surface-specific recognition events. C1 [Anderson, George P.; Taitt, Chris Rowe] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 169 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056494-4 PY 2008 BP 83 EP 138 DI 10.1016/B978-044453125-4.50004-8 PG 56 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000317686300003 ER PT J AU Sapsford, K Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, Kim Taitt, Chris Rowe Ligler, Frances S. BE Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI PLANAR WAVEGUIDES FOR FLUORESCENCE BIOSENSORS SO OPTICAL BIOSENSORS: TODAY AND TOMORROW, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOTAL-INTERNAL-REFLECTION; SITE-SPECIFIC IMMOBILIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE AB While confocal scanners and other microscopy techniques are routinely used for imaging genomic and proteomic microarrays, the leading methods for fluorescence-based, multianalyte detection are based on total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). Immobilization of multiple capture biomolecules on planar wave guides provides for multianalyte detection on a single substrate. Planar wave guide TIRF has been used to measure a variety of analytes including hormones, toxins, bacteria, and viruses, leading to applications such as environmental and food safety monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and military defense. Many of the analytes have been measured in both buffer and complex matrices, such as whole blood, nasal secretions, food, beverages, ground water, and soil suspensions. Detection limits in both buffer and complex matrices have been comparable. The continued development and miniaturization of the biosensor instrumentation has led to systems that are fully automated, portable, and highly competitive with laboratory techniques. Such biosensors are now transitioning into the commercial market. C1 [Sapsford, Kim] US FDA, CDRH OSEL DB, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Taitt, Chris Rowe; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sapsford, K (reprint author), US FDA, CDRH OSEL DB, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM kim.sapsford@fda.hhs.gov; chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil; frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil NR 215 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056494-4 PY 2008 BP 139 EP 184 DI 10.1016/B978-044453125-4.50005-X PG 46 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000317686300004 ER PT J AU Kusterbeck, AW Blake, DA AF Kusterbeck, Anne W. Blake, Diane A. BE Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI FLOW IMMUNOSENSORS SO OPTICAL BIOSENSORS: TODAY AND TOMORROW, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-CHELATE COMPLEXES; TRACE-LEVEL DETECTION; REAL-TIME BIOSENSOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BINDING-PROPERTIES; ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOASSAYS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DISPLACEMENT IMMUNOASSAY; BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; SENSITIVE DETECTION AB Flow immunosensors combine the selectivity and sensitivity of traditional immunoassays with the rapid response of a sensor. Two different flow immunosensors will be described in this chapter: a displacement immunosensor that utilizes a non-equilibrium displacement reaction and a kinetic exclusion immunosensor that measures the amount of free antibody-binding sites in an equilibrium mixture of antibody and antigen. Working assays have been developed for a wide range of molecules including explosives, drugs of abuse, and environmental contaminants. Accurate determinations of analyte concentrations can be made on site, thus providing immediate feedback to field managers and law enforcement personnel. Side-by-side comparisons of these measurements with laboratory instruments (high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), etc.) have demonstrated the accuracy and precision of these methods. Commercial versions of the flow immunosensors have been engineered that integrate fluidics, electronics, and computer control into both portable and autonomous instruments. More recently, advanced laboratory prototypes of the displacement immunosensor have been fabricated to improve low-end detection, extend the applications to underwater sensing, enhance field ruggedness, and assist in the manufacturing process. The evolution of this technology from laboratory prototypes to field applications is presented herein. C1 [Kusterbeck, Anne W.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blake, Diane A.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anne.kusterbeck@nrl.navy.mil; blake@tulane.edu NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056494-4 PY 2008 BP 243 EP 285 DI 10.1016/B978-044453125-4.50007-3 PG 43 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000317686300006 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Anderson, GP Hayhurst, A Goldman, ER AF Liu, Jinny L. Anderson, George P. Hayhurst, Andrew Goldman, Ellen R. BE Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES: RUGGED RECOGNITION ELEMENTS FOR TOMORROW'S BIOSENSORS SO OPTICAL BIOSENSORS: TODAY AND TOMORROW, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODY; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PHAGE DISPLAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VARIABLE DOMAINS; AFFINITY MATURATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; AFFIBODY MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Camelids and sharks possess a class of unconventional immunoglobulins consisting of heavy-chain homodimers; antigen binding is mediated through a single variable domain. When expressed recombinantly, these variable domains, referred to as "single-domain antibodies" (sdAb), comprise the smallest known antigen-binding fragments. Having good solubility, thermal stability, and complex sequence variation, these sdAb fragments make promising alternatives to traditional antibodies. Displayed libraries of sdAb derived from immunized and naive camels, llamas, and sharks have been constructed and mined for binders to a variety of protein and small molecule targets. These antibody fragments have several properties that give them an advantage over conventional antibody fragments. They often possess long CDR3s allowing them to bind to epitopes not accessible to conventional antibodies. In addition, shark and camelid sdAb have been reported to function after exposure to temperatures over 90 degrees C, and several groups have reported the binding of llama sdAb to their targets at elevated temperatures. SdAb are able to refold after exposure to chemical denaturants implying that sensor surfaces constructed using sdAb capture reagents could be regenerated. These sdAb represent a new generation of durable detection reagents and could potentially be integrated into any antibody-based biosensor. SdAb may one day permit biosensors to function at elevated temperatures and under environmental extremes for long periods of time. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hayhurst, Andrew] SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jinny.liu@nrl.navy.mil; george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; ahayhurst@sfbr.org; ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056494-4 PY 2008 BP 469 EP 492 DI 10.1016/B978-044453125-4.50014-0 PG 24 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000317686300013 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB AF Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. BE Ligler, FS Taitt, CR TI FLUORESCENCE-BASED INTRACELLULAR SENSING SO OPTICAL BIOSENSORS: TODAY AND TOMORROW, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MALTODEXTRIN-BINDING-PROTEIN; SURFACE-TETHERED COMPONENTS; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA DETECTION; SINGLE LIVING CELLS; FRET-BASED SENSOR; MOLECULAR BEACONS; COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN; MALTOSE-BINDING AB Intracellular or in situ biosensors will have tremendous impact upon research into the understanding of basic cellular structure and function. In this chapter, we examine the state-of-the-art biosensors available for such use and focus on those that utilize fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in particular. Intracellular targets of interest for monitoring include: nucleic acids, small molecule nutrients and ligands, post-translational modifications, intracellular localization, and a variety of biochemical reactions involved in signal transduction cascades. The benefits and liabilities of particular sensor designs are discussed along with potential developments which may improve their performance. Beyond their current intracellular utility, successful development of these biosensors will find applications in pharmaceutical research, environmental and defense monitoring as well as clinical diagnostics. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil; james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056494-4 PY 2008 BP 623 EP 657 DI 10.1016/B978-044453125-4.50018-8 PG 35 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BEQ47 UT WOS:000317686300017 ER PT J AU Brodsky, M Frigo, NJ Tur, M AF Brodsky, Misha Frigo, Nicholas J. Tur, Moshe BE Kaminow, IP Li, T Willner, AE TI Polarization mode dispersion SO OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS V A: COMPONENTS AND SUBSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROSS-PHASE-MODULATION; RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE; DIFFERENTIAL-GROUP-DELAY; OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS-SYSTEMS; DIVISION-MULTIPLEXED SYSTEMS; PMD-INDUCED PENALTY; TRANSMISSION-SYSTEMS; HINGE MODEL; AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION; CHROMATIC DISPERSION C1 [Brodsky, Misha] AT&T Labs Res, Middletown, NJ USA. [Frigo, Nicholas J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tur, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Brodsky, M (reprint author), AT&T Labs Res, Middletown, NJ USA. EM Brodsky@research.att.com; frigo@usna.edu; tur@eng.tau.ac.il NR 128 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-056501-9 PY 2008 BP 605 EP 669 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374171-4.00017-4 PG 65 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEM06 UT WOS:000317293700017 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Pons, T Sapsford, KE Dawson, PE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, Igor L. Pons, Thomas Sapsford, Kim E. Dawson, Philip E. Mattoussi, Hedi BE Halvorson, CS Lehrfeld, D Saito, TT TI Self-assembled quantum dot-bioconjugates: Characterization and use for sensing proteolytic activity SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS IN GLOBAL HOMELAND SECURITY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security IV CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum dot; nanocrystal; semiconductor; self-assembly; peptide; protein; metal-affinity; polyhistidine; fluorescence resonance energy-transfer; biosensing ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; CDSE; NANOCRYSTALS; KINETICS; DONORS; DYE AB We present a characterization of the metal-affinity driven self-assembly between luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and either peptides or proteins appended with various length terminal polyhistidine tags. We first monitor the kinetics of self-assembly between surface-immobilized QDs and proteins/peptides under flow conditions (immobilized). To accomplish this, the QDs were immobilized onto functionalized substrates and then exposed to dye-labeled peptides/proteins. By using evanescent wave excitation of the substrate, self-assembly was assessed by monitoring the time-dependent changes in the dye fluorescence. This configuration was complemented with experiments using freely diffusing QDs and proteins/peptides (solution-phase) via energy transfer between QDs and dye-labeled proteins/peptides. Cumulatively, these measurements allowed determination of kinetic parameters, including association and dissociation rates (k(on) and k(off)) and the binding constant (K(d)). We find that self-assembly is rapid with an equilibrium constant K(d)(-1) in the low nM. We next demonstrate the importance of understanding this self-assembly by creating QD-peptide bioconjugates which we employ as substrates to monitor the cleavage activity of proteolytic enzymes. This confirms that metal-affinity interactions can provide QD-bioconjugates that are functional and stable. C1 [Medintz, Igor L.; Sapsford, Kim E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7136-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6945 AR 69450Q DI 10.1117/12.782174 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHX00 UT WOS:000257137100014 ER PT S AU Simonson, DL McGill, RA Higgins, BA AF Simonson, Duane L. McGill, R. Andrew Higgins, Bernadette A. BE Halvorson, CS Lehrfeld, D Saito, TT TI Carbosilane polymers with hydrogen bond acidic functionalization for chemical preconcentrator applications SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS IN GLOBAL HOMELAND SECURITY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security IV CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Vapor collection systems, including solid phase microextraction (SPME), require the ability to selectively collect and concentrate a sample from a large volume of air. In the case of SPME, polymers are needed to adhere to the fiber for greater reproducibility and longer lasting fibers. The polymerization of carbosilanes was investigated and produced polymers with molecular weights over 500,000. This polymer class was then functionalized with hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) end groups that will selectively sorb hydrogen bond basic vapors. The results of vapor testing with these polymers utilizing a variety of platforms such as preconcentrators, Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors, and microcantilevers will be discussed. C1 [Simonson, Duane L.; McGill, R. Andrew; Higgins, Bernadette A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simonson, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7136-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6945 AR 69451R DI 10.1117/12.781728 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHX00 UT WOS:000257137100041 ER PT S AU Gentry, SE AF Gentry, Sommer E. BE Lim, GJ Lee, EK TI Optimization over Graphs for Kidney Paired Donation SO OPTIMIZATION IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SE Engineering and Management Innovation LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DONOR EXCHANGE; TRANSPLANTATION; ALLOCATION; ALGORITHM; PROGRAM; REGISTRY C1 [Gentry, Sommer E.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2155-854X BN 978-0-8493-0563-4 J9 ENG MANAG INNOV PY 2008 BP 177 EP 195 D2 10.1201/9780849305696 PG 19 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BKG38 UT WOS:000268012400006 ER PT S AU Lane, PA Palilis, LC Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH Purushothaman, B Anthony, JE AF Lane, Paul A. Palilis, Leonidas C. Kushto, Gary P. Kafafi, Zakya H. Purushothaman, Balaji Anthony, John E. BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Functionalized Pentacenes SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics IX CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Organic photovoltaic; pentacene; solar cell ID SUBSTITUTED PENTACENE; SOLAR-CELLS AB We report a study on solar cells using pentacene derivatives with triisopropylsilylethynyl substitution at the 6,13-position and 1,3-dioxolane substitution to the terminal benzenoid rings of pentacene as the electron donor and C(60) as the electron acceptor. A significant increase in the open circuit voltage (V(oc)) was obtained in all the pentacene-derivative based cells with the highest V(oc) as high as 0.90 V, compared to a 0.24 V value for pentacene. The variation in the V(oc) of the cells is in qualitative agreement with the larger offset between ionization potential of the electron donor and the electron affinity Of C(60). The power conversion efficiency (eta) at 100 mW/cm(2) of EtTP-5/C(60) cells reached 0.74%, which is comparable to that of a pentacene/C(60) Cell (0.82%). C1 [Lane, Paul A.; Palilis, Leonidas C.; Kushto, Gary P.; Kafafi, Zakya H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7272-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7052 AR 70521J DI 10.1117/12.813527 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BIQ22 UT WOS:000261875900013 ER PT J AU Wise, SK Ghegan, MD Gorham, E Schlosser, RJ AF Wise, Sarah K. Ghegan, Mark D. Gorham, Edward Schlosser, Rodney J. TI Socioeconomic factors in the diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SINUSITIS; EROSION AB OBJECTIVES: 1) To investigate socioeconomic and demographic factors differentiating allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) from other chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnostic groups. 2) To consider the potential impact of epidemiological differences on AFRS disease course. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. STUDY METHODS: Retrospective review of AFRS patients, CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without AFRS, and CRS patients without polyps (CRSsNP). Analysis of group differences was per-formed for age at presentation, gender, ethnicity, insurance status. and socioeconomic measures with the use of medical records and a South Carolina demographic database. RESULTS: AFRS presentation age was lower than CRSwNP and CRSsNP (P < 0.001). The AFRS group had more African Americans (P < 0.001) and uninsured or Medicaid patients (P < 0.001) than expected. AFRS patients resided in counties with higher poverty percentage (P = 0.011), lower median income (P = 0.048). and more African American residents (P = 0.020) than CRSsNP patients. No group differences existed for gender or physicians per 1000 county residents. CONCLUSION: Demographic and socioeconomic factors may affect AFRS presentation and treatment. (C) 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Wise, Sarah K.; Ghegan, Mark D.; Schlosser, Rodney J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Wise, Sarah K.] Emory Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gorham, Edward] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Special Programs Off, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schlosser, RJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 135 Rutledge Ave,Suite 1130,POB 250550, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM schlossr@musc.edu NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 138 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.10.020 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 250ES UT WOS:000252283400007 PM 18164991 ER PT S AU Mewaldt, RA Cohen, CMS Giacalone, J Mason, GM Chollet, EE Desai, MI Haggerty, DK Looper, MD Selesnick, RS Vourlidas, A AF Mewaldt, R. A. Cohen, C. M. S. Giacalone, J. Mason, G. M. Chollet, E. E. Desai, M. I. Haggerty, D. K. Looper, M. D. Selesnick, R. S. Vourlidas, A. BE Li, G Lin, RP Luhmann, J Hu, Q Verkhoglyadova, O Zank, GP TI How efficient are coronal mass ejections at accelerating solar energetic particles? SO PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 07-13, 2008 CL Kauai, HI SP Univ Calif, Syst Wide Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab DE solar energetic particles; CMEs; particle acceleration ID SUN AB The largest solar energetic particle (SEP) events are thought to be due to particle acceleration at a shock driven by a fast coronal mass ejection (CME). We investigate the efficiency of this process by comparing the total energy content of energetic particles with the kinetic energy of the associated CMEs. The energy content of 23 large SEP events from 1998 through 2003 is estimated based on data from ACE, GOES, and SAMPEX, and interpreted using the results of particle transport simulations and inferred longitude distributions. CME data for these events are obtained from SOHO. When compared to the estimated kinetic energy of the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs), it is found that large SEP events can extract similar to 10% or more of the CME kinetic energy. The largest SEP events appear to require massive, very energetic CMEs. C1 [Mewaldt, R. A.; Cohen, C. M. S.] CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Giacalone, J.; Chollet, E. E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mason, G. M.; Haggerty, D. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Desai, M. I.] Southwest Res Inst, San Angelo, TX 78238 USA. [Looper, M. D.; Selesnick, R. S.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20735 USA. RP Mewaldt, RA (reprint author), CALTECH, Mail Code 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA [NAG5-12929, NNG04GB88B, NNX06AC21G.] FX This work was supported by NASA under grants NAG5-12929, NNG04GB88B,and NNX06AC21G. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0566-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1039 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG96 UT WOS:000259432300015 ER PT B AU Barhen, J Humble, T Traweek, M AF Barhen, Jacob Humble, Travis Traweek, Michael GP IEEE TI FFT-Based Sonar Array Beamforming Without Corner Tuming SO PASSIVE '08: 2008 NEW TRENDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING USING PASSIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop and Exhibition on New Trends for Environmental Monitoring using Passive Systems (PASSIVE'08) CY OCT 14-17, 2008 CL Hyeres, FRANCE SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The concept of "corner turning" has been, for many decades, at the heart of array beamforming via Fourier transforms, As widely reported in the open literature (both for sonars and radars), corner turning operations in the computational sequence "temporal Fourier transforms -> data cube corner turning -> spatial Fourier transforms)), constitute a major obstacle to achieve high-performance and lower power dissipation (by reducing the number memory accesses). To date, leading industry providers still include explicit corner turning stages in their computational flow architectures for multidimensional array processing. The emergence of ultra-low power multicore processors opens unprecedented opportunities for implementing sophisticated signal processing algorithms faster and within a much lower energy budget. In that context, the primary innovation reported in this paper addresses the development of a computational scheme that avoids altogether the corner fuming stage. We discuss its implementation on an IBM Cell multicore processor (Sony PS3) and provide preliminary timing results. C1 [Barhen, Jacob; Humble, Travis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Traweek, Michael] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barhenj@ornl.gov FU United States Office of Naval Research; Naval Sea Systems Command; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725.] FX This work was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research and by the Naval Sea Systems Command. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed for the US Department of Energy by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2815-1 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BKL66 UT WOS:000268443800008 ER PT J AU Twomey, CP AF Twomey, Christopher P. BE Twomey, CP TI DANGERS AND PROSPECTS IN SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC NUCLEAR RELATIONS SO PERSPECTIVES ON SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC NUCLEAR ISSUES SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. RP Twomey, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61316-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 3 EP 12 D2 10.1057/9780230613164 PG 10 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRM90 UT WOS:000283132300001 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. BE Twomey, CP TI US NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW AND BEYOND: IMPLICATIONS FOR SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS SO PERSPECTIVES ON SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC NUCLEAR ISSUES SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Review; Book Chapter C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61316-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 93 EP 110 D2 10.1057/9780230613164 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRM90 UT WOS:000283132300007 ER PT J AU Twomey, CP AF Twomey, Christopher P. BE Twomey, CP TI COMPARING PERSPECTIVES: DANGERS TO AVOID, PROSPECTS TO DEVELOP SO PERSPECTIVES ON SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC NUCLEAR ISSUES SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. RP Twomey, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61316-4 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2008 BP 201 EP 209 D2 10.1057/9780230613164 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BRM90 UT WOS:000283132300014 ER PT J AU Richter, A AF Richter, Anke TI Assessing the impact of global price interdependencies SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITORS; EUROPEAN HEALTH-CARE; COST-CONTAINMENT; OECD COUNTRIES; LAUNCH DELAYS; PHARMACEUTICALS; DRUGS; REIMBURSEMENT; UNION; EXPENDITURE AB Documented launch delays and the ensuing debate over their underlying causes have focused on assessment from the individual country's perspective. Seen in a larger game theoretical framework this may cause problems, because although the countries see an individual game, the pharmaceutical firm sees a repeated linked game. The links are due to external reference pricing and parallel trade. Behaviours that are optimal in the single, individual game (for either the country or the pharmaceutical firm) may no longer be optimal when considering the global repeated game. A theoretical mixed integer linear model of the firm's launch and pricing decisions is presented along with examples wherein international price dependencies most likely played a role. This model can help countries understand the implication of their external reference pricing policies on the global repeated pricing game. Understanding the behaviour of the pharmaceutical firm in this global context aids countries in designing policies to maximize the welfare of their citizens. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM arichter@nps.edu RI Richter, Anke/I-9050-2012 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PY 2008 VL 26 IS 8 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.2165/00019053-200826080-00003 PG 11 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 338PS UT WOS:000258520500003 PM 18620459 ER PT J AU Thayyil, MS Capaccioli, S Prevosto, D Ngai, KL AF Thayyil, M. Shahin Capaccioli, S. Prevosto, D. Ngai, K. L. TI Is the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation universal? SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, INFM CNR SOFT, Off Naval Res DE dielectric spectroscopy; Johari-Goldstein relaxation; phthalates; benzophenone; binary mixtures ID GLASS-FORMERS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; METALLIC GLASSES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMICS; MODULUS; BENZOPHENONE; TEMPERATURE; ROTATION AB The Johari-Goldstein (JG) beta-relaxation is supposedly a universal feature of glassy dynamics and has strong connections to structural alpha-relaxation in all glass-formers. On the other hand, some small molecular glass-formers give no indication that JG relaxation is present, despite numerous investigations using a variety of experimental techniques. These exceptions cast doubt on universality and fundamental importance. Theoretical considerations suggest that the JG beta-relaxation is present but unresolved in these glass-formers because it is sandwiched between the more intense alpha-relaxation and a faster, but non-JG, secondary gamma-relaxation. We report representative data on two glass-formers, benzophenone and dimethyl phthalate. We show that by dissolving either glass-former in a host with a much higher glass transition temperature, we were able to move the alpha-relaxation further from the gamma-relaxation. We also report, for the first time, JG beta-relaxation in two glass-formers of current research interest. C1 [Thayyil, M. Shahin; Capaccioli, S.; Prevosto, D.] Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, PolyLab, Pisa, Italy. [Thayyil, M. Shahin; Capaccioli, S.; Prevosto, D.] Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Malappuram, Kerala, India. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thayyil, MS (reprint author), Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, PolyLab, Pisa, Italy. EM shahin@df.unipi.it RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2008 VL 88 IS 33-35 BP 4007 EP 4013 DI 10.1080/14786430802270082 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 385HA UT WOS:000261804100017 ER PT J AU Thayyil, MS Capaccioli, S Rolla, PA Ngai, KL AF Thayyil, M. Shahin Capaccioli, S. Rolla, P. A. Ngai, K. L. TI The component dynamics of miscible binary mixtures of glass formers: New features SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, INFM CNR SOFT, Off Naval Res DE disordered system; glass transition; dielectric relaxation; binary mixtures ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; RIGID MOLECULES; PROBE MOLECULES; POLYMER BLENDS; O-TERPHENYL; TRANSITION AB Opposite effects on the width of the dispersion of the alpha-relaxation and the separation on the time scale of the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation from the alpha-relaxation are predicted for guest molecules dissolved in a host, depending on whether the glass transition temperature of the host is higher or lower than that of the guest. These predictions are tested by dielectric relaxation measurements on mixtures of two glass-forming liquids. The results are in agreement with the predictions. C1 [Thayyil, M. Shahin; Capaccioli, S.; Rolla, P. A.] Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, PolyLab, Pisa, Italy. [Thayyil, M. Shahin; Capaccioli, S.; Rolla, P. A.] Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Thayyil, M. Shahin] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Malappuram, Kerala, India. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Capaccioli, S (reprint author), Univ Pisa, CNR, INFM, PolyLab, Pisa, Italy. EM Simone.Capaccioli@df.unipi.it RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2008 VL 88 IS 33-35 BP 4047 EP 4055 DI 10.1080/14786430802562140 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 385HA UT WOS:000261804100021 ER PT J AU Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Sharifi, S Kessairi, K Ngai, KL AF Prevosto, D. Capaccioli, S. Lucchesi, M. Sharifi, S. Kessairi, K. Ngai, K. L. TI Relationship between structural and secondary relaxation in glass formers: Ratio between glass transition temperature and activation energy SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, INFM CNR SOFT, Off Naval Res DE glass transition temperature; activation energy; high pressure; Johari-Goldstein relaxation ID SLOW BETA-PROCESS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; COUPLING MODEL; EPOXY-RESINS; H-2 NMR; PRESSURE; DISPERSION; LIQUIDS; SYSTEMS; VOLUME AB The relationship between structural and secondary dynamics is one of the most recently considered and possibly important issues of the dynamics in glass formers. One relation of interest is the ratio between the activation energy of the secondary relaxation and RT(g), where T(g) is the glass transition temperature, and R is the gas constant. This relationship has been recently rationalized by the Coupling Model in terms of many-body dynamics and was applied to the intermolecular Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation. This article investigates the pressure dependence of this ratio and attempts to verify the validity of the Coupling Model predictions under such conditions. C1 [Prevosto, D.; Capaccioli, S.; Lucchesi, M.] PolyLab, CNR, INFM, Pisa, Italy. [Capaccioli, S.; Lucchesi, M.; Sharifi, S.; Kessairi, K.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, Pisa, Italy. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prevosto, D (reprint author), PolyLab, CNR, INFM, Pisa, Italy. EM prevosto@df.unipi.it RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012; OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918; sharifi, soheil/0000-0003-2862-9719 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2008 VL 88 IS 33-35 BP 4063 EP 4069 DI 10.1080/14786430802389205 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 385HA UT WOS:000261804100023 ER PT S AU Pique, A Auyeung, RCY Metkus, KM Kim, H Mathews, S Bailey, T Chen, XH Young, LJ AF Pique, Alberto Auyeung, Raymond C. Y. Metkus, Kristin M. Kim, Heungsoo Mathews, Scott Bailey, Thomas Chen, Xianhai Young, Lydia J. BE Holmes, AS Meunier, M Arnold, CB Niino, H Geohegan, DB Trager, F Dubowski, JJ TI Laser decal transfer of electronic materials with thin film characteristics - art. no. 687911 SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics VII CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser direct-write; laser-induced forward-transfer; laser decal transfer; laser curing; metallic nanoinks; thin films ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; DIRECT-WRITE; CIRCUITS AB We describe a novel technique, called laser decal transfer, for the laser forward transfer of electronic inks that allows the non-contact direct writing of thin film-like patterns and structures on glass and plastic substrates. This technique allows the direct printing of materials such as metallic nano-inks from a donor substrate to the receiving substrate while maintaining the size and shape of the area illuminated by the laser transfer pulse. That is, the area of the donor substrate or ribbon exposed to the laser pulse releases an identical area of nano-ink material which retains its shape while it travels across the gap between the ribbon and the receiving substrate forming a deposited pattern of the same dimensions. As a result, this technique does not exhibit the limited resolution, non-uniform thickness, irregular edge features and surrounding debris associated with earlier laser forward transfer techniques. Continuous and uniform metallic lines typically 5 micrometers or less in width, and a few hundred nanometers in thickness were fabricated by laser decal transfer. These lines are of similar scale as patterns generated by lithographic techniques. Once transferred, the tines are laser-cured in-situ using a CW laser beam, becoming electrically conductive with resistivities as low as 3.4 Q cm. This novel laser direct-write technique is a significant improvement in terms of quality and fidelity for direct-write processes and offers great promise for electronic applications such as in the development, customization, modification, and/or repair of microelectronic circuits. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Auyeung, Raymond C. Y.; Metkus, Kristin M.; Kim, Heungsoo; Mathews, Scott] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7054-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6879 BP 87911 EP 87911 DI 10.1117/12.779672 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHU03 UT WOS:000256379700022 ER PT S AU Stinaff, EA Ramanathan, S Wijesundara, KC Garrido, M Scheibner, M Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Stinaff, E. A. Ramanathan, Swati Wijesundara, Kushal C. Garrido, Mauricio Scheibner, M. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. BE Stutzmann, M TI Polarization dependent photoluminescence of charged quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 7 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 10-13, 2007 CL Messina, ITALY ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; GAAS; ELECTRON; ISLANDS AB We present the polarization dependent photoluminescence from coupled InAs quantum dots. We find polarization memory signatures consistent with those reported for single quantum dots. We also observe a continuous change in the polarization memory of the positively charged exciton as it changes charge configuration due to a hole tunnelling as a function of applied bias. This may provide a method for electrical control of the anisotropic exchange interaction which would be useful for spin manipulation.(C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Stinaff, E. A.; Ramanathan, Swati; Wijesundara, Kushal C.; Garrido, Mauricio] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Scheibner, M.; Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stinaff, EA (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale & Quantum Phenomena, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM stinaff@ohio.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2008 VL 5 IS 7 BP 2464 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200777605 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHY81 UT WOS:000257507200019 ER PT B AU Zhao, HB Talbayev, D Fan, Y Lupke, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Jonker, BT AF Zhao, H. B. Talbayev, D. Fan, Y. Lupke, G. Hanbicki, A. T. Li, C. H. Jonker, B. T. BE Cricenti, A Dickerson, JH Tolk, NH TI Photoinduced spin waves in Fe/AlGaAs (001) heterostructure SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 5, NO 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Optics of Surfaces and Interfaces CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Jackson Hole, WY SP Vanderbilt Univ ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IRON FILMS; FE FILMS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANISOTROPY; EXCHANGE; SINGLE AB Photoinduced spin waves are investigated for Fe films on AlGaAs (001) using the time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. We observe first and second order standing spin waves as well as uniform magnetization precession. The anisotropy fields and exchange stiffness constant are obtained from the field and azimuthal dependence of the spin wave frequencies using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. A comparison with spin wave resonance measurements reveals a more pronounced interface effect on the low order standing spin waves in thin films. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Zhao, H. B.; Talbayev, D.; Fan, Y.; Lupke, G.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Lupke, G.; Hanbicki, A. T.; Li, C. H.; Jonker, B. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, HB (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM luepke@jlab.org RI Fan, Yichun/F-4234-2012 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research and the DARPA Spins FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research and the DARPA Spins in Semiconductors Program. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY PY 2008 BP 2627 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200779107 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHZ60 UT WOS:000257704500018 ER PT J AU Dolgov, OV Andersen, OK Mazin, II AF Dolgov, O. V. Andersen, O. K. Mazin, I. I. TI Self-consistent theory of phonon renormalization and electron-phonon coupling near a two-dimensional Kohn singularity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MGB2; GAS AB We show that the usual expression for evaluating electron-phonon coupling and the phonon linewidth in two-dimensional metals with a cylindrical Fermi surface cannot be applied near the wave vector corresponding to the Kohn singularity. Instead, the Dyson equation for phonons has to be solved self-consistently. If a self-consistent procedure is properly followed, there is no divergency in either the coupling constant or the phonon linewidth near the offending wave vectors, in contrast to the standard expression. C1 [Dolgov, O. V.; Andersen, O. K.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dolgov, OV (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 014517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014517 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200100 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Lawler, HM White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. Lawler, H. M. White, C. T. TI Lattice vibrations in single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; GRAPHITIC TUBULES; CONTINUUM MODEL; RAMAN INTENSITY; PHONON-SPECTRA; DYNAMICS; DISPERSION AB We present a study of lattice vibrations in single-wall carbon nanotubes. The study is based on a force-constant model, where the force constants are obtained from a general invariant potential that includes up to fourth-nearest-neighbor interactions. Applying the model, we obtain phonon dispersions and density of states for various types of nanotubes. General low-frequency modes such as ring modes and longitudinal modes are also identified and investigated. They are almost independent of the chiral angle but significantly dependent on the radius. The radius dependence is used for scaling, leading to a universal density of states at low frequencies. C1 [Gunlycke, D.; Lawler, H. M.; White, C. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 014303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.014303 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200040 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R Bergman, R Mattsson, J AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. Bergman, R. Mattsson, J. TI Role of hydrogen bonds in the supercooled dynamics of glass-forming liquids at high pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-RELAXATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); ELEVATED PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; GLYCEROL; POLYMERS; FORMERS; VOLUME; TIME AB The effect of pressure on the dynamics of supercooled liquids shows a variety of remarkable similarities for different glass-forming systems. However, an important group of liquids, characterized by hydrogen-bond interactions, show some deviations from these general behaviors. To investigate this, we use broadband dielectric spectroscopy to study the temperature dependent dynamics of a supercooled hydrogen bonded oligomeric glycol and its non-hydrogen-bonded analog over a wide range of pressures. With the chosen model system, we are able to directly link the presence of hydrogen bonding to deviations from the general pattern of the pressure response of supercooled dynamics. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bergman, R.; Mattsson, J.] Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 AR 012201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.012201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 258IS UT WOS:000252862200003 ER PT B AU Lean, JL AF Lean, Judith L. BE Dwivedi, BN Narain, U TI THE SUN-EARTH SYSTEM: OUR HOME IN SPACE SO PHYSICS OF THE SUN AND ITS ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Workshop on Recent Advances in Solar Physics CY NOV 07-10, 2006 CL Meerut Coll, Meerut, INDIA SP Meerut Coll, Phys Dept HO Meerut Coll ID SOLAR VARIABILITY; IRRADIANCE; CLIMATE; DROUGHT; PERIOD C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-271-9 PY 2008 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1142/9789812832726_0013 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIV01 UT WOS:000262980600013 ER PT S AU Currie, M AF Currie, Marc GP Electromagnetics Academy TI Comparison of optical pulse propagation in water and acetonitrile SO PIERS 2008 CAMBRIDGE, PROCEEDINGS SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2008) CY JUL 02-06, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Electron, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, Electromagnet Acad ID LIGHT AB Optical propagation in water has been studied primarily by light sources that have either a constant amplitude in time or have a modulated temporal width greater than a picosecond. Attenuation of light as it propagates through water has been experimentally measured throughout the optical spectrum with these light sources. Quantities such as absorption and scattering have been thoroughly characterized as a function of wavelength of light. Yet with this wealth of measurements, a model that describes the transparency of water in the visible region still does not exist. The reason has been attributed to the complexity in understanding the hydrogen bonding that occurs in water Ill. Recently, an experimental study challenged the well established empirical knowledge of attenuation in water at near-infrared wavelengths. The study examined propagation of ultrafast optical pulses in water and demonstrated increased transmission of ultrafast light pulses as compared to longer pulses or cw light [2]. In these experiments, pulses as short as 60 fs with a center wavelength of 800 nm were propagated through as much as 6 meters of water. To explain their observations, the authors suggested the possibility of light propagation by optical precursors. The question is: How and why were the optical precursors stimulated in the water? To better understand the propagation of ultrafast pulses of light in water, as demonstrated by Fox and Osterberg [2], we will compare measurements in water with those in acetonitrile. Both water and acetonitrile are polar solvents, but water molecules exhibit hydrogen bonding while acetonitrile molecules do not. In addition, this study will compare the differences of the OH bond in water with the CH bond in acetonitrile. Harmonics of these molecular stretching frequencies in the near-infrared region are explored with a femtosecond laser system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-06-6 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2008 BP 610 EP 615 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIG34 UT WOS:000259299300119 ER PT S AU Auguston, M Trakhtenbrot, M AF Auguston, Mikhail Trakhtenbrot, Mark BE Avron, A Dershowitz, N Rabinovich, A TI Synthesis of monitors for real-time analysis of reactive systems SO PILLARS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Computation Day Celebrating Boris Trakhtenbrots 85th Birthday CY APR 28, 2006 CL Jaffa, ISRAEL ID TEMPORAL LOGIC; STATECHARTS AB In model-driven development of reactive systems, statecharts are widely used for formal description of their behavior, providing a sound basis for verification, testing and code generation. ne paper presents an approach for dynamic analysis of reactive systems via run-time monitoring of code generated from statechart-based models. The core of the approach is automatic creation of monitoring statecharts from formulas that specify system's behavioral properties (including real-time constraints) in a proposed assertion language. Such monitors are then translated into code together with the system model, and executed concurrently with the system code. The approach allows for a realistic analysis of reactive systems (and in particular of their real-time aspects), as monitoring is supported in system's actual operating environment. This especially relates to design-oriented models that include mapping of abstract model elements into those of the underlying operating system. This way, the natural restrictions inherent to simulation and verification are overcome. C1 [Auguston, Mikhail] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Trakhtenbrot, Mark] Holon Inst Technol, Holon, Israel. RP Auguston, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM auguston@cs.nps.navy.mil; markt@hit.ac.il FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0746] FX This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant # N00014-01-1-0746. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78126-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4800 BP 72 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHL08 UT WOS:000253963100005 ER PT B AU Shaffer, AB Auguston, M Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF Shaffer, Alan B. Auguston, Mikhail Irvine, Cynthia E. Levin, Timothy E. GP ACM TI A Security Domain Model to Assess Software for Exploitable Covert Channels SO PLAS'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM SIGPLAN THIRD WORKSHOP ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND ANALYSIS FOR SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Programming Languages and Analysis for Security CY JUN 08, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ SP ACM, SIGPLAN DE Security domain model; static analysis; automated program verification; specification language; covert channel; dynamic slicing ID INFORMATION-FLOW; NONINTERFERENCE; PROGRAMS AB Covert channels can result in unauthorized information flows when exploited by malicious software. To address this problem.. we present a precise, formal definition for covert channels, which relies on control flow dependency tracing through program execution, and extends Dennings' and subsequent classic work in secure information flow [9][40][30]. A formal security Domain Model (DM) for conducting static analysis of programs to identify covert channel vulnerabilities is described. The DM is comprised of an Invariant Model, which defines the generic concepts of program state, information flow, and covert channel rules; and an Implementation Model, which specifics the behavior of a target program. The DM is compiled from a representation of the program., written in a domain-specific Implementation Modeling Language (IML). and a specification of the security policy written in Alloy. The Alloy Analyzer tool is used to perform static analysis of the DM to automatically detect potential covert channel vulnerabilities and security policy violations in the target program. C1 [Shaffer, Alan B.; Auguston, Mikhail; Irvine, Cynthia E.; Levin, Timothy E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shaffer, AB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM abshaffe@nps.edu; maugusto@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-936-4 PY 2008 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1145/1375696.1375703 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJG50 UT WOS:000265663900005 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. TI Energy and angular distribution of deuterons from high-intensity laser-target interactions SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; ION-ACCELERATION; PROTON ACCELERATION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; NUCLEAR-FUSION; FOIL TARGET; PULSE; GENERATION; IRRADIATION AB The formation of a high-energy ion beam suitable for driving nuclear fusion reactions and producing MeV neutrons was investigated. The interaction of intense ultra short laser pulses with a double-layer thin foil for the production of MeV deuterons was studied theoretically and numerically simulated using a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell model. The directionality and energy of the deuteron beam, specifically the conversion efficiency of laser energy into deuteron kinetic energy, and deuteron energy and angular distribution functions are studied as a function of peak laser intensity, laser pulse duration and target thickness. A range of parameters was determined for which a highly directional deuteron beam is generated. C1 [Petrov, G. M.; Davis, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JAN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/50/1/015004 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 263DE UT WOS:000253197000004 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, V. L. BE Fujimoto, T Iwamae, A TI Polarized Atomic Radiative Emission in the Presence of Electric and Magnetic Fields SO PLASMA POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SE Springer Series on Atomic Optical and Plasma Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; DENSITY-MATRIX; SATELLITE LINES; ENHANCEMENT; RELAXATION; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; OPERATOR; IMPACT; STATES AB A reduced-density-matrix approach provides a very general framework for the theoretical description of polarized radiative emission during single-photon transitions from bound and autoionizing states of atomic systems in the presence of a general arrangement of static (or quasistatic) electric and magnetic fields. Polarized radiative emission from partially ionized atomic systems in plasmas can occur as a result of the excitation of the radiating atomic states by electrons with an anisotropic velocity distribution, which can be produced in an electron-ion beam experiment, in a nonequilibrium plasma environment, and in an electromagnetic field that is sufficiently intense in the relevant spectral region. Polarized radiative emission can also be produced or modified during the excitation of the atomic system in the presence of electric and magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields. In electric and magnetic fields, the normally overlapping angular-momentum-projection components of atomic spectral lines can be substantially shifted from their field-free positions and split into spectroscopically resolvable (and inherently polarized) features. Due to the breakdown of the field-free angular-momentum and parity selection rules, otherwise forbidden components of atomic spectral lines can be generated. Spectral patterns and polarizations produced by either a uniform static electric or magnetic field have been extensively investigated, and the individual Stark and Zeeman effects have been treated in both the weak-field (perturbative) and strong-field (nonperturbative) regimes. The more complex Stark-Zeeman patterns have been investigated primarily for simple atomic systems, including hydrogen-like or high-Rydberg atoms, and for special applied-field configurations, including parallel and perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. In the theoretical description of the polarized atomic radiative emission, it is advantageous to consider the coherent excitation of a particular subspace of the initial atomic bound or autoionizing states, which can occur as a result of sufficiently intense electromagnetic interactions. A general expression for the matrix elements of the detected-photon density operator provides a unified framework for the analysis of the spectral intensity, angular distribution, and polarization of the Stark-Zeeman patterns. From a unified development of time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the more comprehensive reduced-density-matrix approach, the nonequilibrium atomic-state kinetics and the homogeneous spectral-line shapes can be systematically and self-consistently described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-5653 BN 978-3-540-73586-1 J9 SPRINGER SER ATOM OP PY 2008 VL 44 BP 215 EP 245 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-73587-8 PG 31 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJN44 UT WOS:000266856600011 ER PT B AU Peterson, DM Hummel, CA Pauls, TA Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, CG Hindsley, RB Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D AF Peterson, D. M. Hummel, C. A. Pauls, T. A. Armstrong, J. T. Benson, J. A. Gilbreath, C. G. Hindsley, R. B. Hutter, D. J. Johnston, K. J. Mozurkewich, D. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Imaging the effects of rotation in Altair and Vega SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; STELLAR ROTATION; STARS AB After a brief review of rotation among upper main sequence stars and von Zeipel's [1] theory for the interiors, we describe our interferometric measurements of two bright A stars, Altair and Vega. The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer [2] (jointly operated by the US Naval Observatory, the Naval Research Laboratory and Lowell Observatory) which works at visible wavelengths has implemented baselines of sufficient length to initiate true imaging of the disks of the brightest A stars. We report here measurements of Altair, the third brightest A star in the sky. "Closure phase" techniques show that Altair deviates dramatically from a normal limb-darkened disk, indicating a strongly asymmetric intensity distribution. A Roche model provides a good fit to the data, indicating that Altair is rotating at about 90% of its breakup (angular) velocity. We find that a gravity darkening law exponent appropriate for a radiative star is required by the observations and we describe the potential of this object for testing the assumption of solid body rotation throughout its envelope. We will also describe recent measurements of Vega which confirm the proposed interpretation of spectral line measurements indicating that this star is also rapidly rotating, but seen nearly pole on. C1 [Peterson, D. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hummel, C. A.] ESO, Santiago 19001, Chile. [Pauls, T. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. U S Naval Obser, Flagstaff Station, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Johnston, K. J.] U S Naval Observ, Washington, DC USA. [Mozurkewich, D.] Seabrook Engn, Dubarry MD 20706, Seabrook. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM DPeterson@gastro.sunysb.edu; CHummel@eso.org; Pauls@nrl.navy.mil; Tom.Armstrong@nrl.navy.mil; JBenson@nofs.navy.mil; Charmaine.Gilbreath@nrl.navy.mil; Hindsley@nrl.navy.mil; DJH@nofs.navy.mil; KJJ@astro.usno.navy.mil; Dave@Mozurkewich.com NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_5 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400005 ER PT B AU Schmitt, HR Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Pauls, TA AF Schmitt, H. R. Armstrong, J. T. Hindsley, R. B. Pauls, T. A. BE Richichi, A Delplancke, F Paresce, F Chelli, A TI Understanding cross talk on the NPOI multibeam combiner SO POWER OF OPTICAL/IR INTERFEROMETRY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND 2ND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESO Workshop 2005 CY APR 04-08, 2005 CL Garching, GERMANY AB We present the results of tests done with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) multibeam combiner, designed to study the effects of fringe cross talk resulting from multiple baselines being recorded by the same spectrograph. We find that in most cases cross talk is not a significant issue, except when the fringes are separated by only one wavenumber. C1 [Schmitt, H. R.; Armstrong, J. T.; Hindsley, R. B.; Pauls, T. A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schmitt, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74253-1 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2008 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74256-2_94 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGZ08 UT WOS:000251420400094 ER PT J AU Sallee, DR Love, JW Welling, LE AF Sallee, Donald R. Love, John W. Welling, Lynn E. TI The United States Marine Corps shock trauma platoon: The modern battlefield's emergency room SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE casualties; emergency medicine; Iraq; shock trauma platoon; trauma ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; CASUALTIES AB Objective. The Shock Trauma Platoon (STP) is a small, mobile medical unit designed to support United States Marine Corps combat operations. The experience of one STP deployed to Iraq is reviewed to evaluate its designated mission. Method. Between February17, 2004, and September 21, 2004, STP 2 was the only STP to remain mobile during its deployment to Iraq. Data concerning patient care were maintained prospectively. Results. During the 7 months reviewed, 180 casualties were admitted to the STP. Excluding noncombat related injuries, 141 patients were seen for combat-related injuries with 138 (97.9%) patients surviving to the next level of medical care. In this group of patients, 114 (80.9%) were injured by fragmentation devices with 67 (47.5%) suffering injury to more than one organ system. Conclusion. Small specialized medical units are capable of providing effective emergency lifesaving medical care in the austere prehospital environment of the battlefield. C1 [Sallee, Donald R.; Love, John W.; Welling, Lynn E.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sallee, DR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Donald.Sallee@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10903120701707997 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251CB UT WOS:000252347100014 PM 18189183 ER PT S AU Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Lu, ZQ Otani, M Thomas, E Green, M Tran, TN Dilley, N Elsner, N Hogan, T Li, Q Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Nolas, G Tritt, T AF Lowhorn, Nathan D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Lu, Z. Q. Otani, M. Thomas, E. Green, M. Tran, T. N. Dilley, N. Elsner, N. Hogan, T. Li, Q. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Nolas, G. Tritt, T. BE Kim, I TI Round-robin studies of two potential seebeck coefficient standard reference materials SO PROCEEDINGS ICT 07: TWENTY-SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS SE International Conference on Thermoelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT'07) CY JUN 03-05, 2007 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Thermoelect Soc, Int Thermoelect Soc, Inst Elect & Electron Engn, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; MERIT AB The scientific activities of NIST include the development and distribution of standard reference materials (SRM (TM)) for instrument calibration and inter-laboratory data comparison. Full characterization of a thermoelectric material requires measurement of the electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. While standard reference materials exist or have existed for the first two properties, Seebeck coefficient standard reference materials are not available. In an effort to expedite research efforts in this field, we have initiated a project to develop a Seebeck coefficient SRM (TM) material.. Currently, we have completed a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials, Bi2Te3 and constantan (55% Cu and 45% Ni). In this paper, we summarize our plan and development effort, including the results and the methodology used for the round-robin measurement survey. C1 [Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Lu, Z. Q.; Otani, M.; Thomas, E.; Green, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Dilley, N.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Elsner, N.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Hogan, T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Venkatasubramanian, R.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Corp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] GM R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lowhorn, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-2734 BN 978-1-4244-2262-3 J9 INT CONF THERMOELECT PY 2008 BP 366 EP 370 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIC12 UT WOS:000258325700088 ER PT S AU Fudge, GL Chivers, MA Ravindran, S Bland, RE Pace, PE AF Fudge, Gerald L. Chivers, Mark A. Ravindran, Sujit Bland, Ross E. Pace, Phillip E. GP IEEE TI Reconfigurable direct RF receiver architecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 18-21, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB This paper describes a bandpass sampling architecture for direct RF conversion that is reconfigurable and efficient. The receiver architecture avoids the requirement for high clock speeds and fast quantizers by using a two-stage sampling process. In the first stage, the RF signal is bandpass filtered and sampled using an imputse-like sampling device without quantizing the signal. After continuous time low-pass or bandpass filtering, the resulting analog signal is then sampled and quantized by a traditional analog-to-digital converter. This architecture also provides a high degree of reconfigurablity in tuning range and bandwidth by using a tunable or selectable anti-aliasing filter before the first stage of sampling and by using a tunable sample clock in the first stage of sampling. C1 [Fudge, Gerald L.; Chivers, Mark A.; Ravindran, Sujit] L3 Commun Integrated Syst, Greenville, TX 75402 USA. [Bland, Ross E.] Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Pace, Phillip E.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fudge, GL (reprint author), L3 Commun Integrated Syst, Greenville, TX 75402 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2008 BP 2621 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BID36 UT WOS:000258532102117 ER PT B AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. GP ASME TI Cold engine transient fuel control experiments in a port fuel injected CFR engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Charleston, SC SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Air-fuel mixture preparation is particularly challenging during cold engine throttle transients due to poor fuel vaporization and transport delays in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. In this study, a PFI Cooperative Fuels Research engine is used to evaluate torque and measure in cylinder and exhaust CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbons during throttle transients at various early stages of engine warm-up. Fast flame ionization detectors and non-dispersive infra-red fast CO and CO2 detectors are used to provide detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis. Torque after cold throttle transients is found to be comparable to steady state torque due to allowable spark advance. However, cold transients produce up to 4 times the unburned hydrocarbons when compared to steady state operation. Finally, the x-tau fuel control model is evaluated in this challenging operating regime and is found to provide poor transient fuel control due to excessive fueling. C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4811-1 PY 2008 BP 203 EP 214 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHM24 UT WOS:000254225700018 ER PT S AU Huhman, BM Neri, JM AF Huhman, B. M. Neri, J. M. BE Kirkici, H TI Effect of Fuse Resistance on EML Capacitor Bank Solid-State Switching SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID RAILGUN AB The U.S. Navy is considering the development of an electromagnetic launcher (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions as discussed in [1]. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has assembled a facility to develop and test materials for the study of barrel lifetime in electromagnetic launchers (EML) for surface-fire support and other missions as discussed in [2]. The pulsed power system utilizes modules that can be individually triggered to shape the output current pulse. Each bank module consists of capacitors from General Atomics Electronics Systems. The switching thyristors and crowbar diodes are from ABB. A series inductor is used to limit the peak current, isolate modules from each other, and ensure the current is delivered to the test system. Several launch events have been performed, and the pulsed power systems have operated as intended as shown in [3]. The capacitor banks are protected from internal or external capacitor faults using fuses. During low-power operations, the fuses can be considered as wire of constant low resistance. During high power shots, however, the fuses will beat up during discharge and change their resistance similar to [4]. While the current through the thyristors is slightly decreased, most of the effect of the increased resistance after discharge occurs with the freewheeling diodes, dampening the ringing and reducing the peak current. The increased resistance due to heating will be shown at various power levels and the resulting effect on switch action will be demonstrated. C1 [Huhman, B. M.; Neri, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huhman, BM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brett.huhman@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743585 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400025 ER PT S AU Allen, RJ Boyer, CN Neri, JM Veracka, M AF Allen, Raymond J. Boyer, Craig N. Neri, Jesse M. Veracka, Mike BE Kirkici, H TI DEVELOPMENT OF A 150-kW BATTERY POWERED, RAPID CAPACITOR CHARGER FOR A SMALL RAILGUN IN BURST MODE OPERATION AT 3 RPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A battery powered rapid charger for the capacitor bank of a small, low velocity railgun is being developed to allow burst mode operation at 3 RPS in a compact system. Recent improvements in railgun efficiency have reduced the charge voltage requirement from 2.3 to 2.0 W, thereby reducing the average charger power from 200 to 150 W. The goal is to charge a 15-mF capacitor bank to 2.0 kV in 200 ms to allow countermeasure deployment in bursts of several rounds at a rate of 3 RPS (rounds per second). One module can currently produce 58 kW so three modules are required to meet the goal. Methods of increasing the module output to 75 kW so that only two modules are required are explored. C1 [Allen, Raymond J.; Neri, Jesse M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boyer, Craig N.] L3 Commun Titan Grp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Veracka, Mike] Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 106 EP + DI 10.1109/IPMC.2008.4743590 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400030 ER PT S AU An, L Boggs, SA Calame, JP AF An, Ling (Annie) Boggs, Steven A. Calame, Jeffrey P. BE Kirkici, H TI Energy Storage in Polymer Films with High Dielectric Constant Fillers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATORS AND HIGH VOLTAGE CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Power Modulator Symposium/2008 High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 27-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE Energy storage; volume fraction; dielectric constant; mixing rules; energy density; percolation threshold ID PERCOLATION AB A mixture of polymer with high dielectric constant filler has appeal as a high energy density capacitor dielectric. However, at "low" volume fractions of filler, the primary effect of a high dielectric constant filler (relative to the polymer matrix) is to increase the field in the matrix rather than store energy in the filler. Below a threshold concentration, which depends on particle aspect ratio, little advantage can be gained from a high dielectric filler. Above this threshold concentration, the energy density increases rapidly with volume fraction of filler. We have examined this problem through 3D finite element computations for random dispersions of spherical particles from 0 to 45% volume fraction and for random dispersions of prolate spheroidal particles with an aspect ratio of 3 from 0 to 27 % and in both cases for dielectric contrasts from 3 to 3000 in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. C1 [An, Ling (Annie); Boggs, Steven A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Calame, Jeffrey P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP An, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-808X BN 978-1-4244-1534-2 J9 IEEE INT POWER MODUL PY 2008 BP 552 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJC84 UT WOS:000264853400157 ER PT B AU Beard, RL AF Beard, Ronald L. GP ION TI The Future of the UTC Time Scale SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB The international atomic time scale used by broadcast time and frequency services through out the world is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC is defined by the Radio-Communication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R), and is generated and maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) in cooperation with the International Earth reference and Rotation Service (IERS). Contributions from timing centers and laboratories distributed around the world make up the time and frequency measurements and comparisons that determine UTC. The IERS provides earth rotation data so that UTC can be adjusted to within 0.9 seconds of Earth rotation time (UT1). These adjustments are known as leap-seconds. This procedure was implemented in 1972 to permit UT1 to be recovered from UTC for celestial navigation purposes. The frequency of leap seconds is dependent on the dynamics of the earth which is decelerating. Current telecommunications and time keeping systems are finding it increasingly difficult to introduce leap seconds in their data streams. Consequently, international deliberations have been underway within the ITU-R to study and deal with the issue of a continuous time scale without leap seconds. The questions and issues will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITU R Working Party 7A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beard, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITU R Working Party 7A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700006 ER PT J AU Trinh, VQ Bradley, WE AF Trinh, Vincent Q. Bradley, William E. GP ION TI Real-Time GIPSY (RTG) and Real-Time Kinematics (RTK): An Integration Approach on Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Survey Ships and Hydrographic Survey Launches (HSLs) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - NTM 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Navigat AB The demand for three-dimensional position accuracy in the hydrographic community is ever increasing with technology evolutions in the area of Global Positioning System (GPS). The application of Real-Time GIPSY (RTG) and Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) techniques have made it possible for the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) to meet International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) horizontal and vertical position requirements for Order 1 and Special Order hydrographic surveys. NAVOCEANO has integrated a combined RTG/RTK receiver into its Mission Survey Systems on survey ships and hydrographic survey launches (HSLs). The NAVOCEANO system consists of a Shipboard RTG/RTK Subsystem and a Land-Based Station Subsystem. This system has been deployed on NAVOCEANO's fleet of survey ships and HSLs and is integrated with the onboard Position and Orientation System for Marine Vessels (POS/MV) and Integrated Survey System (ISS-60) as a primary source of horizontal and vertical position data. This paper describes the integration approach taken for the Shipboard and Land-Based RTG/RTK subsystems and discusses "real world" performance. C1 [Trinh, Vincent Q.] USN, Oceanog Off, Syst Engn Div, Nav & Mech Syst Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Trinh, VQ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Syst Engn Div, Nav & Mech Syst Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2008 BP 960 EP 968 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPS62 UT WOS:000279793700097 ER PT B AU Wei, K AF Wei, Kang BE Cheng, D TI Estimation and Control of Nonlinear Systems Based on Computational Mathematics SO Proceedings of the 27th Chinese Control Conference, Vol 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Chinese Control Conference CY JUL 16-18, 2008 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Assoc Automat, Tech Comm Control Theory, Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Yunnan Div, Chinese Assoc Automat, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan, Inst Control Robot & Syst Korea, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Singapore Chapter, CAS, Inst Syst Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Yunnan Normal Univ, CAI Div, Hong Kong Inst Engineers DE Computational methods; Nonlinear optimal control; Nonlinear estimation ID FEEDBACK LINEARIZABLE SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION AB Computational mathematics is a proven powerful tool of penetrating the barrier of nonlinearity of dynamical systems. It is capable of solving highly complex nonlinear problems that cannot be tackled using analytical approaches. Computational methods are portable because a user-friendly computational algorithm is able to solve, not one, but a family of nonlinear problems. The rapid development of todays computer technology makes real-time computation affordable and effective. In this paper, we harness several computational methods of both estimation and control that were introduced separately in the literature to integrate them into a unified closed-loop control architecture that is applicable for a general family of control systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wei, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEIJING UNIV AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PRESS PI HAIDIAN QU DISTRICT PA 37 XUE YUAN RD, HAIDIAN QU DISTRICT, BEIJING 100083, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2008 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1109/CHICC.2008.4605348 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BII54 UT WOS:000259747400107 ER PT B AU Howe, JM O'Brien, RT AF Howe, Jamie M., III O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP IEEE TI Experimental investigation of optimal PID controller design using model reduction techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB An optimal PID controller design procedure has formulated for 2(nd) order systems where the computation of the PID gains is equivalent to a state feedback design problem. As a result, any optimal state feedback control design method can be used. Furthermore, this method can be extended to higher order systems using model reduction techniques. These procedures are investigated experimentally using a ball and beam apparatus. C1 [Howe, Jamie M., III; O'Brien, Richard T., Jr.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300006 ER PT B AU Miller, KM Robertson, MJ AF Miller, Kyle M. Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Improving transient performance of automated convoy vehicles using command shaping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect ID SYSTEMS AB This paper documents the effectiveness of command shaping techniques on the vehicle spacing and velocity control of automated vehicle convoys. The control approach is based only on distance measurements between platoon vehicles. The lead vehicle longitudinal control is developed to follow a reference velocity. The follower vehicles maintain the desired spacing using distance measurements to the preceding and following vehicles. When a command shaper is used to modify the reference velocity, errors in vehicle spacing are reduced. This approach leads to more physically realizable controller efforts for the follower vehicles and helps maintain and improve string stability. C1 [Miller, Kyle M.; Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300021 ER PT B AU Shannon, JP Robertson, MJ AF Shannon, James P. Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Research on state space modeling for level-station keeping platforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB In this paper we present an introduction to our research on sea platform modeling. Ideas presented in this paper reflect the end-state goal of maintaining a level station. Before any control methodologies can be chosen, an appropriate system model must be developed. Our achievements are presented in the forms of platform models with two degrees of freedom, heave and pitch. System models have been created two distinctly different ways, and explanations and results are presented in this research summary. Refining and advancing from these models will be the basis for designing a controller and will be the standard for further research in this field. C1 [Shannon, James P.; Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300053 ER PT B AU Byington, MD Bishop, BE AF Byington, Matthew D. Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Cooperative robot swarm locomotion using genetic algorithms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB This paper focuses on the design of a decentralized controller for cooperative locomotion in a swarm of robotic agents. Each agent is assumed to be able to locomote over even terrain, grasp other robots, and climb onto a stack of robots. Genetic algorithms and genetic programming methods are applied to develop locomotion controllers for single units as well as decentralized controllers intended to allow the swarm of units to pass over uneven terrain that no single unit can surmount. The goal is to develop a system that provides a high probability of large numbers of units passing through sets of test obstacles. The results are shown through simulation exercises. C1 [Byington, Matthew D.; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Byington, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 252 EP 256 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300054 ER PT B AU Ferris, D Esposito, J AF Ferris, David Esposito, Joel GP IEEE TI Dimensional environment modeling through Simultaneous Localization and Mapping techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB We present our work developing a platform to use a two dimensional laser range finder and a modified version of the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm to develop a detailed, accurate three dimensional model of an unknown indoor environment with no a priori information. Our approach is to have the robot make multiple passes through the environment, with the sensor mounted at a different height each time. SLAM is performed at each resulting slice. We then present and compare two ways to fuse the maps attained at each height into an overall 3-D map. C1 [Ferris, David; Esposito, Joel] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ferris, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300055 ER PT B AU Winder, SB Esposito, JM AF Winder, Samuel B. Esposito, Joel M. GP IEEE TI Modeling and control of an upper-body exoskeleton SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB In this paper we propose an upper body exoskeleton to augment a soldier's ability to maneuver and fire a heavy weapon. After describing the initial design concept, we model the system dynamics both using Lagrange's method and the SimMechanics software package. We derive a controller for our upper body exoskeleton, loosely inspired by the novel approach used on the Berkeley Lower body Exoskeleton (BLEEX). The approach is to combine the Computed Torque method, along with a nearly marginally stable linear feedback law. The resulting controller can track the wearer's movement with without the need to measure muscular activation levels. We simulation results for the controller with a human torque input. The contributions, while modest, are an important first step in evaluating the feasibility of this approach for an upper body exoskeleton. C1 [Winder, Samuel B.; Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Winder, SB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300056 ER PT B AU Decker, D Piepmeier, JA AF Decker, Daniel Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong GP IEEE TI Gaze tracking interface for robotic control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB In this paper, we provide an overview of gaze tracking as a discipline, describe its principles and current techniques, as well as discuss in depth the applications of gaze tracking across several fields of research. We focus on the ability of gaze tracking to serve as an effective method of human machine interface, and discuss the most current research related to using gaze tracking as a natural interface between humans and robotic systems. Furthermore, we discuss limitations on current research and highlight possibilities for future improvement and advancement of current gaze tracking human-robotic technologies. Into this background we offer farther research by proposing the development of a system that utilizes gaze tracking for real time robotic teleoperation that can be extended to a variety of technical disciplines. The proposed project uses gaze tracking of a video feed as a source of position control of a servo- actuated laser. We describe the goals of the proposed project as well as the methodology by which we intend to achieve them, and discuss possible applications and extensions of this research. C1 [Decker, Daniel; Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Decker, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300058 ER PT B AU Elsberry, AH Robertson, MJ AF Elsberry, Allan H. Robertson, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Reducing atomic force microscope tip deflection using command shaping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFYI) is a popular scanning method that utitizes an oscillating cantilever tip to interact with and develop high resolution images of surfaces. Though this method is one of the most versatile in AFM, it is dependent upon maintaining constant oscillation amplitude. Constant oscillation amplitude can be difficult to achieve when probe movement is necessary to maintain an appropriate tip to sample distance. This paper documents the effectiveness of command shaping techniques in reducing the probe's tip deflection during the scanning process. Command shapers are used to modify the movements of the scanning probe base in response to changes in the sample's surface. Reducing tip deflection and tip tracking error improve the quality of the scanned image while reducing the likelihood of damage to the sample or the probe. C1 [Elsberry, Allan H.; Robertson, Michael J.] USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM mroberts@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300068 ER PT B AU Barnes, EA Bishop, BE AF Barnes, Evan A. Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Utilizing navigational capability to control cooperating robotic swarms in reconnaissance-based operations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect DE mobile robots; distributed systems; swarm robotics AB This paper focuses on the development of a methodology by which multiple, heterogeneous units can deliver discontinuous capability (such as that from a computer vision system) to a specified set of targets. The centralized coordination controller commands the units such that a specified level of capability is delivered to a set of target locations while accommodating obstacle avoidance and a spectrum of additional secondary objectives. The efficacy of the controller is demonstrated through simulation. C1 [Barnes, Evan A.; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Barnes, EA (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300072 ER PT B AU Blank, J Bishop, BE AF Blank, Jonerik Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI In-situ modeling of a high-speed autonomous surface vessel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect DE autonomous surface vessel; modeling and identification AB This paper focuses on the development of a test bed and methodology by which moderate-fidelity dynamics can be determined for a high-speed autonomous surface vessel (ASV). The dynamics of planing craft are understood, but closed-form models are not available for controller design, and existing high-fidelity simulators require a great deal of computation, making them impractical for reactive control systems. In this work, we demonstrate a navigation system, its calibration and subsequent use for in-situ testing of the displacement mode dynamics of a small ASV intended for planing operation. Initial results are given for roll, pitch and thrust models. C1 [Blank, Jonerik; Bishop, Bradley E.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Blank, J (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300074 ER PT B AU Piepmeier, JA Firebaugh, SL AF Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong Firebaugh, Samara L. GP IEEE TI Vision-based control of a scratch drive microrobot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 16-18, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Univ New Orleans, Coll Engn, Informat & Syst Technol Res Ctr, IEEE New Orleans Sect AB The newly organized RoboCup Nanogram competition challenges teams of students and researchers to construct microscopic untethered robots that will compete against each other in soccer-related agility drills on a 2.5mmx2.5mm playing field. With dimensions in the measured in tens or hundreds of micrometers and masses measured in nanograms, these microrobots can be controlled with visual feedback from an optical microscope. This paper proposes a vision-based control strategy. C1 [Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong; Firebaugh, Samara L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Piepmeier, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1806-0 PY 2008 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHO68 UT WOS:000254884300075 ER PT B AU Zoccola, P Stewart, D Goody, M Farabee, T AF Zoccola, Paul Stewart, Devin Goody, Michael Farabee, Theodore GP ASME TI Noise due to flow over a rotating cylinder with surface roughness SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUND; WALL AB An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the scaling properties of noise due to flow over rough surfaces under conditions similar to those that would be found on a full scale marine vessel. Noise due to the flow over the surface of a rotating cylinder in a quiescent medium was measured. Vertical profiles of streamwise mean velocity over the cylinder were also measured. Measurements with various roughness element spacings suggest that for L/R > 6, noise from individual roughness elements is independent of other elements. The spectral density of radiated noise was proportional to V-7 for large values of the roughness height (450 < R+ < 1700). Measurements made at R+ = 18 seem to scale best at V-5. This suggests that the noise generation mechanism for large values of R, is different than that for small values of R+. C1 [Zoccola, Paul; Stewart, Devin; Goody, Michael; Farabee, Theodore] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zoccola, P (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600008 ER PT B AU Goody, M Farabee, T Lee, YT AF Goody, Michael Farabee, Theodore Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI Unsteady pressures on the surface of a ship hull SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; WALL-PRESSURE; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTRA; FLOW; RESOLUTION AB The unsteady surface pressures caused by turbulent boundary layer flow are a source of sound and vibration. Unsteady surface pressure measurements at locations distributed on the surface of a ship model hull were carried out in order to characterize this source. The pressure measurement locations were distributed over the hull surface from 15% to 70% of the model length. There were several additional pressure measurement locations on the hull surface adjacent to the bow wave. The measurements were performed in the David Taylor Model Basin. The surface pressure spectra collapse to a single curve when scaled by canonical boundary layer variables at measurement locations aft of the bow wave. Additionally, measurements at several of these locations indicate that the pressure sources are convected at 50% to 80% of the free-stream velocity. Both of these observations are similar to equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. The measured surface pressure spectra compare well to predictions done using an empirical model that is based on historical, equilibrium, surface pressure spectra. At low frequencies, the measured surface pressure spectra also compare well to prediction done at lower Reynolds number using a Reynolds Averged Navier-Stokes Statistical Model. C1 [Goody, Michael; Farabee, Theodore; Lee, Yu-Tai] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Goody, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600009 ER PT B AU Anderson, J Stewart, D Goody, M Zoccola, P AF Anderson, Jason Stewart, Devin Goody, Michael Zoccola, Paul GP ASME TI Sound from flow over a rough surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 1: ADVANCES IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; SMOOTH; NOISE AB The mechanism for sound production from flow over a rough surface is not well understood. Measurements of radiated noise and low-wavenumber unsteady surface pressures were carried out in order to better understand the sound production mechanism. The initial results of an ongoing experimental investigation of the sound produced by flow over a rough surface are presented. In order to investigate scaling relationships, the flow speed, roughness height, and roughness element distribution were varied. Previous investigations have reported roughness noise levels that scale on flow velocity, roughness height, and fetch area and have indicated that the sound production may be dipole or quadrupole in nature. Prevailing analytical models assume that both types of sources are present. The scaling of roughness noise for large roughness height (k(+) = u(tau)k/v of order 1000) has not been investigated previously and is part of the current study. The scaling behavior of low-wavenumber surface pressures is discussed, in addition to the comparison of radiated noise spectra obtained by phased microphone array measurements. C1 [Anderson, Jason; Stewart, Devin; Goody, Michael; Zoccola, Paul] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4295-9 PY 2008 BP 87 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM23 UT WOS:000254225600010 ER PT B AU Qidwai, MAS Geltmacher, AB Lewis, AC Rowenhorst, DJ Spanos, G AF Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq Geltmacher, A. B. Lewis, A. C. Rowenhorst, D. J. Spanos, G. GP ASME TI High-fidelity reconstruction and computational modeling of metallic microstructure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 12: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SIMULATION METHODS AND SOFTWARE FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CRACK-GROWTH; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES AB The end-objective of this research is to identify critical microstructural features in metals that precipitate plastic flow, and therefore, cause degradation of mechanical performance at higher scales. The material focus is a titanium alloy-beta 21s. The three-dimensional (3D) microstructure in the mesoscale range was obtained using serial sectioning, optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and computerized 3D reconstruction techniques. The reconstructed volumes, comprising hundreds of beta-Ti grains, provide information on morphology and crystallography. This data was used as input into 3D finite element models to analyze the spatial evolution of state variables, such as stress, strain and crystallographic slip under simple loading conditions. Single crystal hypoelasticity and the assumption of resolved shear stress causing crystal slip were used to represent microstructural material behavior. Evolution of plastic flow with applied loading was analyzed at grain boundary interfaces where most flow occurred. Rendering of large reconstructions into faithful but lean finite element meshes was identified to be the critical issue in simulating accurate material behavior near grain boundaries, establishing definite structure-property relationships at mesoscale and reducing the computational cost. C1 [Qidwai, M. A. Siddiq] USN, Res Lab Operat, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Qidwai, MAS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Operat, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1220 12th St SE,Suite G70, Washington, DC 20003 USA. OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4306-2 PY 2008 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHN27 UT WOS:000254467600012 ER PT B AU Nickerson, JL Cerza, M Garcia, SMF AF Nickerson, Joshua L. Cerza, Martin Garcia, Sonia M. F. GP ASME TI Modeling bubble growth in micro-channel cooling systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 8, PTS A AND B: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB The solution of the heat conduction equation in the liquid layer beneath a moving bubble's base and the resulting local heat transfer coefficient are presented. An analytical model was constructed using separation of variables to solve the heat conduction equation for the thermal profile in the liquid film beneath the base of a bubble moving through a microchannel at a given velocity. Differentiating the resulting liquid thermal profile and applying the standard definition for the local heat transfer coefficient resulted in a solution for local heat transfer coefficient as a function of bubble length. Analysis included varying pertinent parameters such as film thickness beneath the bubble base, wall heat flux, and superheated temperature in the microchannel. Water and FC-72 were analyzed as prospective coolant fluids. Analytical data revealed that as the superheated temperature in the microchannel increases, local heat transfer coefficients increase and arrive at a higher steady-state value. Increasing wall heat flux achieved the same result, while increasing film thickness resulted in lower heat transfer coefficients. The model indicated that water had superior performance as a coolant, provided the dielectric fluid (FC-72) is not mandated. C1 [Nickerson, Joshua L.; Garcia, Sonia M. F.] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Nickerson, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4302-4 PY 2008 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHN64 UT WOS:000254515300071 ER PT B AU Cerza, M Garcia, SMF Nickerson, JL AF Cerza, Martin Garcia, Sonia M. F. Nickerson, Joshua L. GP ASME TI An analytical model for bubble growth and heat transfer in micro-channels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 8, PTS A AND B: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Forced liquid convection microchannel cooling systems present an alternative to the forced air-convection schemes and offer higher thermal performance. With regard to forced liquid convection, two-phase convection offers superior performance to liquid only convection. This paper presents results developed from a bubble heat transfer growth model applied to microchannel geometry and incorporates these results into a model for the averaged bubble heat transfer coefficient. Results are shown for water and FC-72. The bubble heat transfer model shows that the bubble growth rates and subsequent averaged heat transfer coefficient are functions of the film thickness between the bubble and the microchannel wall, the slip velocity between the bubble and the fluid comprising the bubble base, the wall heat flux and the subsequent liquid superheat in the microchannel just upstream of the bubble leading edge. C1 [Cerza, Martin] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Cerza, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4302-4 PY 2008 BP 1089 EP 1097 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHN64 UT WOS:000254515301008 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K O'Brien, R AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos O'Brien, Richard GP ASME TI Estimation of plasma insulin using nonlinear filtering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 9, PTS A-C: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB The glucose-insulin dynamics as captured by the standard (Bergman) model are both nonlinear and time-varying. To develop an insulin estimator (or filter), the authors use an aggregate model expansion of the nonlinear dynamics while treating the time-varying component of the model as an exogenous input. The aggregate model allows for the design of a particular nonlinear filter (or observer) that uses a weighted summation of constant feedback gains and admits a straightforward implementation. Furthermore, the aggregate modeling approach enables the stability analysis of the estimation error equation through linear matrix inequalities. The aggregate model insulin filter is compared with an existing insulin filter through numerical simulation. C1 [Kiriakidis, Kiriakos; O'Brien, Richard] USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4303-1 PY 2008 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHN65 UT WOS:000254515900025 ER PT B AU Feemster, M AF Feemster, Matthew GP ASME TI Swarm manipulation of a disabled vessel: Elimination of velocity measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 9, PTS A-C: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID SHIPS AB In this paper an observer/controller strategy is developed for a swarm of autonomous tugboats with the collaborative mission of manipulating a disabled surface marine vessel into a desired position and orientation. Specifically, this design focuses on the elimination of direct velocity measurements/calculations during implementation by the formulation of a model based nonlinear observer The tracking control algorithm is based on the measured tracking error signal as opposed to an estimated tracking error signal in an effort to provide improved performance. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Feemster, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4303-1 PY 2008 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHN65 UT WOS:000254515900039 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K Feemster, M O'Brien, R AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos Feemster, Matthew O'Brien, Richard GP ASME TI Nonlinear state estimation using aggregate modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION 2007, VOL 9, PTS A-C: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 11-15, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID DESIGN AB The paper addresses the state estimation problem for a general class of nonlinear systems. Using an expansion of nonlinear drift dynamics in terms of an aggregate model, the authors analyze the stability of the estimation error equation. Although the treatment is limited to linear feedback, the method results in quadratically stable error dynamics inside a large subset of the state space. The authors tested and verified the proposed approach on the nonlinear dynamics of the rotary pendulum. C1 [Kiriakidis, Kiriakos; Feemster, Matthew; O'Brien, Richard] USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4303-1 PY 2008 BP 1113 EP 1118 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHN65 UT WOS:000254515900129 ER PT B AU Kwon, YW Jo, JC AF Kwon, Y. W. Jo, J. C. BE Moatamedi, M TI 3-D modeling of fluid-structure intercation with external flow using coupled LBM and FEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 4: FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; UNDERWATER SHOCK; FORMULATION; GAS AB Three dimensional fluid-structure interaction was modeled using the coupled lattice Boltzmann and finite element methods. The latter technique was applied to model the structural behavior while the former was used to model the fluid field. For computationally efficient modeling of external flow over embedded pipes with their interaction, the pipes were modeled using 3-D beam elements rather than shell elements. This paper presents an algorithm for how to couple 3-D beam finite elements with the lattice Boltzmann grids so that the fluid-structure interaction can be properly modeled at the outer surfaces of pipes. Some numerical examples were analyzed using the developed technique, and the fluid-structure interaction characteristics were examined through the examples. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astro Eng Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4282-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2008 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM43 UT WOS:000254269900006 ER PT B AU Choi, SR Alexander, DJ Kowalik, RW AF Choi, Sung R. Alexander, Donald J. Kowalik, Robert W. GP ASME TI FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE IN AN OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME DE oxide/oxide composite; ceramic matrix composite; foreign object damage (FOD); impact test; ballistic impact ID GRADE SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; SURFACES; SPHERES; MODEL AB Foreign object damage (FOD) behavior of an oxide/oxide (N720/AS) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was determined at ambient temperature using impact velocities ranging from 100 to 400 m/s by 1.59-mm diameter steel-ball projectiles. Two different support configurations of target specimens were used: fully supported and partially supported. The degree of post-impact strength degradation increased with increasing impact velocity, and was greater in a partially supported configuration than in a fully supported one. For the fully supported configuration, frontal contact stress played a major role in generating composite damage, while for the partially supported case both frontal contact and backside flexure stresses were the combined sources of damage generation. The oxide/oxide composite was able to survive high energy (similar to 1.3 J) impacts without complete structural failure. The degree of relative post-impact strength degradation of the oxide/oxide composite was similar to that of an advanced SiC/SiC composite observed from a previous study, regardless of the type of specimen support. Like the SiC/SiC composite, impact-damage tolerance was greater in the oxide/oxide than in monolithic silicon nitride ceramics for impact velocities > 300 nVs. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Alexander, Donald J.; Kowalik, Robert W.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4311-6 PY 2008 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BIV67 UT WOS:000263200700026 ER PT B AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, Ralph J. GP ASME TI SEPARATED FLOW MEASUREMENTS ON A HIGHLY LOADED LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID VORTEX GENERATOR JETS; TRANSITION; BLADE; MODEL AB Boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment have been studied on a new, very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under low freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 330,000. In all cases the boundary layer separated, but at high Reynolds number the separation bubble remained very thin and quickly reattached after transition to turbulence. In the low Reynolds number cases, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, even when transition occurred. This behavior contrasts with previous research on other airfoils, in which transition, if it occurred, always induced reattachment, regardless of Reynolds number. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 1427 EP 1437 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646900125 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Ahuja, V Hosangadi, A Slipper, ME Mulvihill, LP Birkbeck, R Coleman, RM AF Lee, Yu-Tai Ahuja, Vineet Hosangadi, Ashvin Slipper, Michael E. Mulvihill, Lawrence P. Birkbeck, Roger Coleman, Roderick M. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION OF AN AIR SUPPLY CENTRIFUGAL FAN FOR AIR CUSHION VEHICLE: IMPELLER DESIGN AND VALIDATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 6, PT A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID VOLUTE INTERACTION; PUMP AB A design method is presented for re-designing the double-discharge, double-width, double-inlet (DWDI) centrifugal impeller for the lift fans of a hovercraft. Given the current high performance of impellers, the design strategy uses a computational method, which is capable of predicting flow separation and vortex-dominated flow fields, enabling a detailed comparison of all aerodynamic losses. The design method, assuming a weak interaction between the impeller and the volute, employs a blade optimization procedure and several effective flow path modifications. Simplified CFD calculations were performed on fans with two existing impellers and the newly designed impeller to evaluate the impeller design criterion. The calculation was made with the impeller/volute coupling calculation and a frozen impeller assumption. Further refined CFD calculations, including the gap between the stationary bellmouth and the rotating shroud, revealed a reduction in the new impeller's gain in efficiency due to the gap. The calculations also further supported the necessity of matching the volute and the impeller to improve the fan's overall efficiency. Measured data of three fans validated CFD predictions in pressure rise at design and off-design conditions. CFD calculations also demonstrated the Reynolds number effect between the model- and full-scale fans. Power reduction data were compared between the measurements and the predictions along with the original design requirements. C1 [Lee, Yu-Tai; Mulvihill, Lawrence P.; Coleman, Roderick M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. EM yu.lee@navy.mil; vineet@craft-tech.com; hosangad@craft-tech.com; michael.slipper@navy.mil; lawrence.mulvihill@navy.mil; rbirkbeck@craft-tech.com; roderick.coleman@navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4316-1 PY 2008 BP 2273 EP 2285 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIT77 UT WOS:000262646901042 ER PT B AU Hatcher, SD Driscoll, MJ Boughner, AL AF Hatcher, Shaun D. Driscoll, Matthew J. Boughner, Abe L. GP ASME TI UNIQUE REPLACEMENT METHOD DEVELOPED FOR THE US NAVY'S NEWEST GAS TURBINE POWERED WARSHIP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME AB The Navy's newest big-deck Amphibious Assault Ship,. LHD 8 Makin Island, is currently under construction and scheduled for delivery in late 2008. LHD 8 utilizes a gas turbine propulsion system that replaces the steam propulsion system used on the previous seven ships of the class. LHD's are similar in design to aircraft carriers with a full length flight deck and island to the starboard side. Additionally the LHD 8 machinery spaces are directly below storage decks for mission equipment. Because of internal arrangements and the convoluted routes of the intake ducting the traditional method of removing the gas turbines through the superstructure via shore side crane was not possible. The LHD 8 will utilize a method of change out from within the ship. The paper will discuss the design considerations involved in developing this changeout method as well as a review and discussion of the physical changeout demonstration conducted by the shipbuilder. The paper will discuss the design development process such as the environmental qualifications of ship hardware, ship integrity and survivability, special tooling developed for LHD 8, differences from the traditional changeout methods as well as the US Navy's maintenance philosophy for this 'first-of-class' ship design. Included in the paper will be ship drawings, photos and diagrams of the change out hardware, removal routes, special tooling and support equipment. C1 [Hatcher, Shaun D.; Driscoll, Matthew J.; Boughner, Abe L.] USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Hatcher, SD (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4317-8 PY 2008 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIU56 UT WOS:000262930700039 ER PT B AU Millsaps, KT Dahl, LTGC Caguiat, DE Patterson, JS AF Millsaps, Knox T. Dahl, L. T. Gustave C. Caguiat, Daniel E. Patterson, Jeffrey S. GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF STALL PRECURSORS AND DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM SIGNAL PROCESSING METHODS FOR AN LM-2500 GAS TURBINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME ID SPEED AXIAL COMPRESSOR; INCEPTION; SERIES AB This paper presents an analysis of data taken from several stall initiation events on a GE LM-2500 gas turbine engine. Specifically, the time series of three separate pressure signals located at compressor stages 3, 6, and 15 were analyzed utilizing various signal processing methods to determine the most reliable indicator of incipient stall for this engine. The spectral analyses performed showed that rotating precursor waves traveling around the annulus at approximately half of the rotor speed were the best indicators. Non-linear chaotic time series analyses were also used to predict stall, but it was not as reliable an indicator. Several algorithms were used and it was determined that stall wave perturbations can be reliably identified about 900 revolutions prior to the stall. This work indicates that a single pressure signal located at stage 3 on an LM-2500 gas turbine is sufficient to provide advance warning of more than 2 seconds prior to the fully developed stall event. C1 [Millsaps, Knox T.; Dahl, L. T. Gustave C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Millsaps, KT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM millsaps@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4317-8 PY 2008 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIU56 UT WOS:000262930700041 ER PT B AU Canilang, B Zipkin, D AF Canilang, Benjamin Zipkin, David GP ASME TI LCAC MAIN ENGINE INSTALLED PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME DE ETF40B; Landing Craft Air Cushion; CFD; Pressure Rake AB This paper investigates the installed performance of the ETF40B marine gas turbine engine (MGTE) on SLEP LCAC. Historical estimates of intake and uptake losses for SLEP LCAC have proven inaccurate, resulting in loss of available power for hump transition. A recent computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of the uptakes revealed a possible 1000% increase in actual uptake losses. NSWCCD was tasked to evaluate and correct these detrimental deficiencies. This paper documents the development of the performance testing and results. Specifically, NSWCCD performed CFD analyses of the uptake configuration, designed pressure/temperature rakes, developed a unique DAQ schema, and statistical analysis of the average engine based upon acceptance test procedures (ATP), and generation of new torque tables based upon the LCAC drive train limits. C1 [Canilang, Benjamin; Zipkin, David] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Canilang, B (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4317-8 PY 2008 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIU56 UT WOS:000262930700042 ER PT B AU Zipkin, D Shappell, L AF Zipkin, David Shappell, Lance GP ASME TI AIR CUSHION VEHICLE TURBOFAN PROPULSION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2008, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd ASME Turbo Expo 2008 CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Int Gas Turbine Inst, ASME DE Air Cushion Vehicle; Turbofan; Landing Craft Air Cushion AB This paper explores the feasibility of utilizing turbofan gas turbines for combined propulsion and lift on an amphibious air cushion vehicle (ACV). The required thrust and bleed flow were identified, and employed to select possible COTS turbofans for this application. In addition, the turbofan cycle was evaluated for ACV applicability. The investigation revealed that a turbofan configuration would require a new inlet filtration system, which was categorized as high risk. Furthermore, fuel comparisons showed that the turbofan arrangement would require significantly more fuel when compared to the traditional propeller and lift fan system. C1 [Zipkin, David; Shappell, Lance] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Zipkin, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Branch 935, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4317-8 PY 2008 BP 429 EP 437 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIU56 UT WOS:000262930700043 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE Kobza, D Sakamoto, K Louca, LA AF Mouring, Sarah E. Kobza, Daniel Sakamoto, Kamryn Louca, Luke A. BE Jin, HW Wang, YY Lillig, DB TI Buckling Response of Impact-Damaged Composite Panels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH (2008) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2008) CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE Composites; shock; impact testing; delamination; damage; buckling AB In the marine industry, composites are being used more often compared to traditional materials due to their increased strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, ability to tailor properties, and improved stealth characteristics needed for military applications. However, one drawback with composites is the lack of robust damage models applicable to large composite structures capable of reliably predicting damage growth and ultimate failure loads. This is especially true when predicting delamination which can occur when composites are subjected to lateral impact or shock loads. The focus of this research is to examine the effects of low-velocity impact loading on the behavior of a composite panel. Seven panels were manufactured using a modified Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) technique. Each panel was 91.4-cm wide x 121.9-cm long x 1.9-cm thick and was made from 29 layers of 24oz. woven roving/8084 Dow Derakane vinyl ester. Impact testing on four panels was performed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD). A total of three different impact energies were used. After impact was imparted, these damaged panels plus three baseline panels were subjected to in-plane compression to failure. Results from this testing are compared to determine the residual strength of the panels after impact. C1 [Mouring, Sarah E.; Kobza, Daniel; Sakamoto, Kamryn] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2008 BP 385 EP 389 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BII80 UT WOS:000259891900060 ER PT B AU Prybyla, G Neaves, M Dietz, W AF Prybyla, Gary Neaves, Michael Dietz, William TI Modeling of Mine Countermeasure Dart Dispense SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB Mine countermeasure systems are currently under development to defeat beach and surf zone mines by dispensing small darts from a larger primary projectile body (Hydra-7, MODS, and CMCO). These programs currently lack modelin,9 and simulation techniques that incorporate all of the complexities of the aerodynamics of the dart dispense. OVERFLOW software will be used to perform computational-fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using overset structured grids (created with OVERGRID), of representative delivery vehicles dispensing numerous (up to 381) mine countermeasure darts. These darts, approximately 5 to 6 inches in length, are designed to disable mines in the beach and surf zones after being dispensed in a uniform pattern over a given area. OVERFLOW will solve the equations of motion for each moving dart body and thus provide a time-accurate prediction of the dispense event. The results of 8 OVERFLOW dart dispense simulations of Venom Penetrator darts, each with a different Mach number, spin rate, and number of darts, will be presented and discussed. C1 [Prybyla, Gary] US Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div NSWCI, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Neaves, Michael] US Naval Surface Warface Ctr, Panama City Div NSWCP, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. [Dietz, William] Digital Fus Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Prybyla, G (reprint author), US Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div NSWCI, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gary.prybyla@navy.mil; michael.neaves@navy.mil; bdietz@digitalfusion.com FU Office of Naval Research; LtCol Tim McLaughlin of PMS-495; DoD HPCMP FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Brian Almquist of the Office of Naval Research, LtCol Tim McLaughlin of PMS-495, and the DoD HPCMP for their continued support of this worthwhile and rewarding effort. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.50 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200007 ER PT B AU Chang, PA Ebert, MP Shipman, J AF Chang, Peter A., III Ebert, Michael P. Shipman, Jeremy TI Prediction of High-Amplitude Forces During Propeller Crashback SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID SIMULATION AB Propeller crashback, an emergency maneuver undertaken when a forward-moving vessel needs to stop quickly, involves reversing the propeller rotation and running the propeller in reverse into the oncoming flow. This maneuver generates low frequency, high amplitude forces on the blades which impart pitch and yaw moments on the vessel. The origins of these forces are uncertain and there are no tools based on first principles with which propeller designers can predict the maximum loadings during crashback. In order to better understand the origins of these phenomena and develop a loading prediction tool a large eddy simulation (LES) methodology using an unstructured, finite volume, incompressible LES code with a 2(nd)-order accurate central difference (CD)flux reconstruction methodology, and a dynamic sub-grid scale model is being applied to crashback. In this paper, we compare results of this code with experimental data and a commercially-available unstructured finite volume LES code with upwind (UW) flux reconstruction without sub-grid scale model. Crashback simulations have been performed on the 0.3048 m diameter, zero-skew angle, 5-bladed Propeller 4381 operating at J=-0.5. We compare the mean, RMS higher order statistical moments for the integrated forces and moments to experimental data. Comparison to the experimental power spectral density (PSD) functions shows that both codes correctly predict the low-frequency blade loading and the blade rate energy concentrations. However, the CD code predicts a wider range of turbulence scales around the blade rate peak that may be important for loading dynamics. The CD LES data reveals that the flow has a bi-modal behavior that switches between vortex ring (VR) and axial jet (AJ) modes which are associated with minimum and maximum loadings, respectively. C1 [Chang, Peter A., III; Ebert, Michael P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Computat Hydromech Dept NSWCC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Shipman, Jeremy] CRAFT Tech, Pipersville, PA, South Korea. RP Chang, PA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Computat Hydromech Dept NSWCC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM peter.chang@navy.mil; michael.p.ebert@navy.mil; shipman@craft-tech.com FU Office of Naval Research; NSWCCD [081-5700108] FX This work was funded by Office of Naval Research, Dr. Ki-Han Kim, Sponsor. The Sponsor work order number is N000140WX20972/AA with NSWCCD work unit 081-5700108. The MPCUGLES computations were performed on the NSWCCD SEATech Centers SGI Altix compute server; the CRUNCH computations were performed under a grant of high performance computing (HPC) time from the Department of Defense (DoD) HPC Major Shared Resource Center, ARL in Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, IBM Cluster 1350 Stryker. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 74 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.71 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200011 ER PT B AU Gorski, J Miller, R Carrica, P Kandasamy, M Stern, F AF Gorski, Joseph Miller, Ronald Carrica, Pablo Kandasamy, Mani Stern, Fred TI The High Speed Sea Lift (HSSL) Ships Challenge Effort SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID PHASE LEVEL SET AB This paper summarizes the efforts carried out over the last three years for the prediction of high-speed sealift (HSSL) ships. Semi-planing monohulls, catamarans, trimarans, and small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) concepts are some of the hull forms that were considered. Propulsor options for these configurations varied from traditional propellers mounted on shafts and struts to waterjet propulsion systems. Computational tools are needed to predict the hydrodynamics of these multihull configurations for their proper design and analysis in many areas including resistance and powering, maneuvering and seakeeping. The focus of the present effort is to use an Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver, CFDShip-Iowa, to predict the flow fields. Many of these predictions are very computationally, intensive and thus require high performance computing resources. This paper will discuss the progress made in the overall effort along with some of the validations performed. C1 [Gorski, Joseph; Miller, Ronald] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div NSWCC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Carrica, Pablo; Kandasamy, Mani; Stern, Fred] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gorski, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div NSWCC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM joseph.j.gorski@navy.mil; ronald.w.miller@navy.mil; frederick-stern@uiowa.edu FU ONR under the administration of Dr. L. Patrick Purtell; In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds under the administration of Dr. John Barkyoumb FX The authors are grateful to the US Department of Defense's High Performance Computing Modernization Program that provided the computer resources at Naval Oceanographic Office and at the Air Force Research Loboratory as part of this Challenge Project. The research is supported by ONR under the administration of Dr. L. Patrick Purtell. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division effort was also partially supported by In-House Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds under the administration of Dr. John Barkyoumb. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.55 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200012 ER PT B AU Doyle, J Reynolds, C Bishop, C Goerss, J Holt, T McLay, J AF Doyle, James Reynolds, Carolyn Bishop, Craig Goerss, James Holt, Teddy McLay, Justin TI Multi-scale Predictability of High-Impact Weather in the Battlespace Environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA ID SCHEME; PERTURBATIONS; GENERATION AB New capabilities have been developed for the Navy's mesoscale and global weather ensemble forecast systems. Inclusion of model perturbations is found to have a significant impact on both global and mesoscale ensemble performance. New methods for perturbing the initial conditions provide superior ensemble performance. The ensemble systems provide a probabilistic forecast capability for the occurrence of high-impact weather events, along with expected forecast skill information. C1 [Doyle, James; Reynolds, Carolyn; Bishop, Craig; Goerss, James; Holt, Teddy; McLay, Justin] USN, Res Lab, MRY, Monterey, CA USA. RP Doyle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MRY, Monterey, CA USA. EM james.doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil; carolyn.reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.16 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200043 ER PT B AU Patnaik, G Boris, J Obenschain, K Rosenberg, R Anderson, W Xu, M AF Patnaik, Gopal Boris, Jay Obenschain, Keith Rosenberg, Robert Anderson, Wendell Xu, Mabel TI Progress in Applying HPC to Support Operational Use of CT-Analyst SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program CY JUL 14-17, 2008 CL Seattle, WA AB The objective of this effort is to perform the research and development (R&D) and systems engineering necessary to integrate, demonstrate, and deliver a secure, rapid v deployable high-performance computer system to Naval Special Warfare Command's Mission Support Center (MSC) that will enable our special forces (Navy SEALs) secure, operational-tempo access to the ultra-fast, high-accuracy predictions of airborne contaminant transport (CT) provided by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) CT-Analyst system. Two 64-core SGI Altix systems have been deployed at the MSC and NRL. The system at NRL is being used to develop new operational procedures and needed code modifications without access or disruption to the dedicated and secure system at the MSC. The NRL installation has been used for developing components of a rapid turnaround, turnkey system to make Dispersion Nomografs (TM) for new regions. The SGI Altix at NRL has been in continuous use since installation, for example, for an upcoming National Security Venue event in Washington, DC. Installing twin systems proved to be critical due to limited accessibility and availability of the MSC system. We were able to demonstrate successful operation of FAST3D-CT including remote visualization with reach back to NRL on the operational machine. C1 [Patnaik, Gopal; Boris, Jay; Obenschain, Keith] USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam NRL DC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rosenberg, Robert; Anderson, Wendell] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci NRL DC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xu, Mabel] Quince Orchard High Sch, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam NRL DC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patnaik@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; boris@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; obenscha@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; rob.rosenberg@nrl.navy.mil; wendell.anderson@nrl.navy.mil FU Missile Defense Agency; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; NRL/ONR FX We gratefully appreciate the support of the HPCMP DHPI for the provision of the two SGI Altix systems. We also acknowledge past support from the Missile Defense Agency, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and NRL/ONR. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3515-9 PY 2008 BP 498 EP + DI 10.1109/DoD.HPCMP.UGC.2008.17 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BJC07 UT WOS:000264661200080 ER PT S AU Hwang, PA Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Hwang, Paul A. Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. GP IEEE TI A conceptual design for simultaneous measurements of 3D surface wave field and ocean surface current vector using the InSAR technology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES/CMTC NINTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Charleston, SC SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm ID DUAL-BEAM INTERFEROMETRY; RADAR AB The radial velocity measured by a conventional along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI) is contributed by all three orthogonal velocity components of the ocean surface current, of which the oscillatory orbital velocity of surface waves is frequently a dominant term. Mathematically, three simultaneous radial velocity measurements from different incident or azimuthal angles are needed to yield the unique solution of the ocean surface current. The 3D solution for sidelooking ATI is presented. If only two measurements are available, the error of the two horizontal velocity components caused by assuming zero vertical velocity is quantified. A conceptual design of integrating cross-track (XT) and along-track (AT) interferometry is presented. The XTI phase data give the surface wave topography, from which the 3D wave-induced current field can be calculated. The wave contribution in the ATI phase data can then be removed to recover the mean component of the ocean surface current while maintaining the SAR resolution. By taking a zigzag path, both horizontal components of the surface current and the 3D wave field can be resolved from a single sensor on a single platform. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 978-1-4244-1485-7 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2008 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHO74 UT WOS:000254888100023 ER PT B AU Konwar, KM Musial, PM Shvartsman, AA AF Konwar, Kishori M. Musial, Peter M. Shvartsman, Alexander A. BE Tudruj, M TI Spontaneous, Self-Sampling Quorum Systems for Ad Hoc Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing CY JUL 01-05, 2008 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, Inst Comp Sci, Polish Japanese Inst Informat Technol, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Elect Engn, Automat Comp Sci & Elect DE Probabilistic quorum system; ad hoe networks; submartingale bound; single-writer and multi-reader AB Quorum systems-collections of sets with pairwise nonempty intersections-are used in distributed settings to implement services such as consensus and consistent memory. Quorums have been substantially studied in static settings, however the design and analysis of quorum-based distributed services in resource-limited ad hoe networks is a relatively unexplored area. The pioneering work of Chockler, Gilbert, and Patt-Shamir [8] considers such networks and proposes an implementation of probabilistic quorum systems with per-node communication bit complexity of O(log(2) n), where n is the number of nodes. The authors assumes a priori knowledge of node failure probability p, where 0 <= p < 1/4. Additionally their work overlooks the cost of gathering responses from quorum members by the client. We present a new probabilistic quorum construction with a lower per quorum access, communication bit complexity of O(log n) for multi-hop networks. Out quorum access algorithm is based on self-sampling by the nodes themselves, in a way equivalent to accessing a quorum set, with high probability. In addition, we provide a novel on-line algorithm to estimate the node failure probability parameter p, thus removing the assumption that it is known a priori. This is accomplished with per node communication bit complexity of O(log(2)n). We demonstrate the utility of our construction by presenting a single-writer, multi-reader algorithm that uses our probabilistic quorums to implement atomic objects in ad hoc networks, where consistency is guaranteed with high probability. We include simulation results illustrating the high probability guarantee for our atomic memory service. C1 [Konwar, Kishori M.; Shvartsman, Alexander A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,Unit 2155, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Musial, Peter M.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shvartsman, Alexander A.] MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Konwar, KM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,Unit 2155, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM kishori@cse.uconn.edu; pmmusial@nps.edu; aas@cse.uconn.edu FU NSF [9988304, 0121277, 0311368] FX This work is supported in part by the NSF Grants 9988304, 0121277, and 0311368. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3472-5 PY 2008 BP 367 EP + DI 10.1109/ISPDC.2008.61 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV30 UT WOS:000263137300047 ER PT S AU Michael, S AF Michael, Sherif BE LuzarStiffler, V Dobric, VH Bekic, Z TI Modeling and optimization techniques of electronic devices using genetic algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ITI 2008 30TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERFACES SE ITI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Cavtat, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Univ Comp Ctr, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts, IEEE Reg 8, IEEE Croatia Sect, IEEE Croatia Comp Chapter DE modeling; solar cells; photovoltaics; optimizations; Genetic algorithm AB A new method for developing a realistic physical model of any type of solid state device is presented. Application to model advanced multi-junction solar cells; Thermo-photovoltaics; sensors; as well as other novel solid state devices are introduced in this presentation. The primary goal of multifunction solar cell design is to maximize the output power for a given solar spectrum [1-4]. The construction of multijunction cells places the individual junction layers in series, thereby limiting the overall output current to that of the junction layer producing the lowest current [5-7]. The solution to optimizing a multijunction design involves both the design of individual junction layers which produce an optimum output power and the design of a series-stacked configuration of these junction layers which yields the highest possible overall output current. This paper demonstrates the use of Genetic Algorithm in a two-part process to refine a given multijunction solar cell design for near-optimal output power for a desired light spectrum. This approach can similarly be utilized to optimize the parameters Of any Solid state device to yield any desired performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SRCE UNIV COMPUTING CENTRE, UNIV ZAGREB PI ZAGREB PA J MAROHNICA BB, ZAGREB, 10000, CROATIA SN 1330-1012 BN 978-953-7138-12-7 J9 ITI PY 2008 BP 751 EP 755 DI 10.1109/ITI.2008.4588505 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIF14 UT WOS:000259054100118 ER PT S AU Getaneh, M Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Cetina, C Hubler, GK Tumey, SJ AF Getaneh, M. Grabowski, K. S. Knies, D. L. Cetina, C. Hubler, G. K. Tumey, S. J. BE Oluseyi, HM TI Applications of the microchannel plate for mass spectrometry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF BLACK PHYSICISTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual Conference of the 30th Annual Meeting of the National-Society-of-Black-Physicists/4th Meeting of the National-Society-of-Hispanic-Physicists CY FEB 21-24, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Nat Soc Black Phys, Nat Soc Hispanic Phys AB A microchannel plate (MCP) detector with active area of 10 x 2 CM is used as a position detector for mass spectrometry applications. The MCP detects electrons scattered by an MeV ion beam that goes through a thin Carbon foil which is placed at a 45 degrees angle with respect to the beam direction. The scattered electrons' transverse motion is constrained by application of uniform electric and magnetic fields parallel to the axis of the MCP. The charge is then amplified by the MCP and deposited on a double-delay line anode. Differential timing and charge partitioning are used to determine the horizontal and vertical positions, respectively, of the ion in a plane normal to the MCP axis. Results for a sample of Neodymium are discussed. C1 [Getaneh, M.] Univ Tennessee, Martin, TN 38238 USA. [Grabowski, K. S.; Knies, D. L.; Cetina, C.; Hubler, G. K.; Tumey, S. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Getaneh, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Martin, TN 38238 USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0510-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 991 BP 82 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Education & Educational Research; Physics GA BHM09 UT WOS:000254219500009 ER PT S AU Pillay, D Johannes, MD AF Pillay, D. Johannes, M. D. BE Fuller, T Shinohara, K Ramani, V Shirvanian, P Uchida, H Cleghorn, S Inaba, M Mitsushima, S Strasser, P Nakagawa, H Gasteiger, HA Zawodzinski, T Lamy, C TI Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Adsorption on Pt(3)Co(111) Surfaces: A First Principles Study SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 8, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells CY OCT, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochem & Electrochem Engn Div ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; TRANSITION-METALS; PT(111); ELECTROCATALYSTS; ALLOYS; SO2; CHEMISORPTION; OVERLAYERS; PT3NI(111); CHEMISTRY AB Interactions between sulfur dioxide, SO(2), and hydrogen on two different surfaces Of Pt(3)Co(111) were investigated using density functional theory. The two surfaces considered were a Pt-skin and Ll(2) Pt(3)Co(111) surface. SO(2) adsorption was found to be more favorable on the Ll(2) surface owing to its d-band center being closer to the Fermi energy. However, both surfaces adsorbed SO(2) more weakly in comparison to Pt(111). The adsorption energies of H follow the same adsorption energy trends as SO(2) on the different surfaces and show a preference for the three fold-hollow sites similar to other fcc metal (111) surfaces. The weaker adsorption of SO(2) on the alloy Pt(3)Co(111) surfaces agree well with experimental observations that removal of sulfur to attain the initial mass of activity of the catalysts prior to sulfur adsorption requires less cleaning cycles for the alloy. Additionally, our results indicate that less hydrogen adsorbs to alloy surfaces than to pure Pt(111), also in agreement with experiment. SO(2) adsorption trends across the three surfaces closely mirror those of atomic sulfur, indicating that surface sulfur tolerance does not depend on the specific oxidation species. C1 [Pillay, D.; Johannes, M. D.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pillay, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-648-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1149/1.2981946 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BMC67 UT WOS:000271859300109 ER PT J AU Hara, H Watanabe, T Matsuzaki, K Harra, LK Culhane, JL Cargill, P Mariska, JT Doschek, GA AF Hara, Hirohisa Watanabe, Tetsuya Matsuzaki, Keiichi Harra, Louise K. Culhane, J. Leonard Cargill, Peter Mariska, John T. Doschek, George A. TI 2006 December 17 long duration flare observed with the hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION SITE; SOLAR-FLARES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; LOOPS; MISSION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; CHIANTI AB A GOES C-class long-duration flare that occurred near the west limb on 2006 December 17 was observed with the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) in raster-scan observations. Cusp-shaped arcades are prominent in the spectroheliogram of the Ca XVII emission line at 192.86 angstrom. Spatial relationships between hot flare loops with a cusp apex and cool post flare loops with various temperatures are clearly shown in the EIS observations. We find an enhanced line broadening above the bright loop-top region in the Ca XVII observation. The Doppler observations of cooling post flare loops with coronal temperatures show both downflows and upflows along the loops, and these are interpreted as a part of siphon flows. Enhanced nonthermal line broadenings are identified at the top of the post flare loops. C1 [Hara, Hirohisa; Watanabe, Tetsuya] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Matsuzaki, Keiichi] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Harra, Louise K.; Culhane, J. Leonard] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Cargill, Peter] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Mariska, John T.; Doschek, George A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hara, H (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM hirohisa.hara@nao.ac.jp OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PY 2008 VL 60 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1093/pasj/60.2.275 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IV UT WOS:000255818400015 ER PT J AU Unwin, SC Shao, M Tanner, AM Allen, RJ Beichman, CA Boboltz, D Catanzarite, JH Chaboyer, BC Ciardi, DR Edberg, SJ Fey, AL Fischer, DA Gelino, CR Gould, AP Grillmair, C Henry, TJ Johnston, KV Johnston, KJ Jones, DL Kulkarni, SR Law, NM Majewski, SR Makarov, VV Marcy, GW Meier, DL Olling, RP Pan, X Patterson, RJ Pitesky, JE Quirrenbach, A Shaklan, SB Shaya, EJ Strigari, LE Tomsick, JA Wehrle, AE Worthey, G AF Unwin, Stephen C. Shao, Michael Tanner, Angelle M. Allen, Ronald J. Beichman, Charles A. Boboltz, David Catanzarite, Joseph H. Chaboyer, Brian C. Ciardi, David R. Edberg, Stephen J. Fey, Alan L. Fischer, Debra A. Gelino, Christopher R. Gould, Andrew P. Grillmair, Carl Henry, Todd J. Johnston, Kathryn V. Johnston, Kenneth J. Jones, Dayton L. Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Law, Nicholas M. Majewski, Steven R. Makarov, Valeri V. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Meier, David L. Olling, Rob P. Pan, Xiaopei Patterson, Richard J. Pitesky, Jo Eliza Quirrenbach, Andreas Shaklan, Stuart B. Shaya, Edward J. Strigari, Louis E. Tomsick, John A. Wehrle, Ann E. Worthey, Guy TI Taking the measure of the universe: Precision astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; SPACE-INTERFEROMETRY-MISSION; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; ABSOLUTE PROPER MOTION; SKY SURVEY VIEW; X-RAY-EMISSION; ANTICENTER STELLAR STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-5466; MASS-LUMINOSITY-RELATION AB Precision astrometry at microarcsecond accuracy has applications for a wide range of astrophysical problems. This paper is a study of the science questions that can be addressed using an instrument with flexible scheduling that delivers parallaxes at about 4 mu as on targets as faint as V = 20, and differential accuracy of 0.6 mu as on bright targets. The science topics are drawn primarily from the team key projects, selected in 2000, for the Space Interferometry Mission PlanetQuest (SIM PlanetQuest). We use the capabilities of this mission to illustrate the importance of the next level of astrometric precision in modern astrophysics. SIM PlanetQuest is currently in the detailed design phase, having completed in 2005 all of the enabling technologies needed for the flight instrument. It will be the first space-based long-baseline Michelson interferometer designed for precision astrometry. SIM PlanetQuest will contribute strongly to many astronomical fields, including stellar and galactic astrophysics, planetary systems around nearby stars, and the study of quasar and AGN nuclei. Using differential astrometry SIM PlanetQuest will search for planets with masses as small as Earth orbiting in the "habitable zone" around the nearest stars, and could discover many dozen if Earth-like planets are common. It will characterize the multiple-planet systems that are now known to exist, and it will be able to search for terrestrial planets around all of the candidate target stars in the Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin mission lists. It will be capable of detecting planets around young stars, thereby providing insights into how planetary systems are born and how they evolve with time. Precision astrometry allows the measurement of accurate dynamical masses for stars in binary systems. SIM PlanetQuest will observe significant numbers of very high- and low-mass stars, providing stellar masses to 1%, the accuracy needed to challenge physical models. Using precision proper-motion measurements, SIM PlanetQuest will probe the Galactic mass distribution, and, through studies of tidal tails, the formation and evolution of the Galactic halo. SIM PlanetQuest will contribute to cosmology through improved accuracy of the Hubble constant. With repeated astrometric measurements of the nuclei of active galaxies, SIM PlanetQuest will probe the dynamics of accretion disks around supermassive black holes, and the relativistic jets that emerge from them. C1 [Unwin, Stephen C.; Shao, Michael; Tanner, Angelle M.; Catanzarite, Joseph H.; Edberg, Stephen J.; Jones, Dayton L.; Makarov, Valeri V.; Meier, David L.; Pan, Xiaopei; Pitesky, Jo Eliza; Shaklan, Stuart B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Allen, Ronald J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Beichman, Charles A.; Ciardi, David R.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Law, Nicholas M.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boboltz, David; Fey, Alan L.; Johnston, Kenneth J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Chaboyer, Brian C.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Fischer, Debra A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Gelino, Christopher R.; Grillmair, Carl] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gould, Andrew P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Henry, Todd J.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Johnston, Kathryn V.] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. [Johnston, Kathryn V.] Columbia Univ, Pupin Phys Labs, New York, NY USA. [Majewski, Steven R.; Patterson, Richard J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Marcy, Geoffrey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olling, Rob P.; Shaya, Edward J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Strigari, Louis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wehrle, Ann E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Worthey, Guy] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Unwin, SC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM stephen.unwin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Patterson, Richard/F-5690-2013; OI Patterson, Richard/0000-0003-1494-8399; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079; Chaboyer, Brian/0000-0003-3096-4161; Ciardi, David/0000-0002-5741-3047; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 NR 314 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 120 IS 863 BP 38 EP 88 DI 10.1086/525059 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256VO UT WOS:000252758200005 ER PT S AU Ager, JW Reichertz, LA Yu, KM Schaff, WJ Williamson, TL Hoffbauer, MA Haegel, NM Walukiewicz, W AF Ager, J. W., III Reichertz, L. A. Yu, K. M. Schaff, W. J. Williamson, T. L. Hoffbauer, M. A. Haegel, N. M. Walukiewicz, W. GP IEEE TI InGaN/Si heterojunction tandem solar cells SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn ID INN; ALLOYS; ALN AB Tandem solar cells using InxGa1-xN heterojunctions with silicon as the active junction were fabricated using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and by a novel deposition method incorporating an energetic nitrogen atom source. N-type InGaN layers were grown on p-Si(l 11) to evaluate predicted low-resistance tunnel junction properties. Ohmic behavior was observed, showing that these junctions can be used to connect the two pn subcells of an InGaN/Si tandem without the requirement of the heavily doped layers used in current multijunction cells. Undoped and Mg-doped films were grown by MBE on n-Si(111) using a AN buffer layer. Depletion is observed on the Si side of the junction and efficiencies approaching 5% were measured for this "hybrid" cell design. Conditions for achieving depletion on the p-InGaN and producing a "single-junction" tandem cell are discussed. C1 [Ager, J. W., III; Reichertz, L. A.; Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaff, W. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Williamson, T. L.; Hoffbauer, M. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Haegel, N. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Walukiewicz, W.] RoseSt Labs Energy, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Rose Street Energy Laboratory [LB07003462]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; LDRD FX Work at LBNL was supported by Rose Street Energy Laboratory, Contract LB07003462, through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The LANL work was supported by internal LDRD funding. We thank K. Koester for providing supporting SEM images. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 110 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000025 ER PT S AU Imaizumi, M Harris, RD Walters, RJ Lorentzen, JR Messenger, SR Tischler, JG Ohshima, T Sato, S Sharps, PR Fatemi, NS AF Imaizumi, M. Harris, R. D. Walters, R. J. Lorentzen, J. R. Messenger, S. R. Tischler, J. G. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. Sharps, P. R. Fatemi, N. S. GP IEEE TI IRRADIATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR CELLS AT LOW INTENSITY, LOW TEMPERATURE (LILT) CONDITIONS SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB This paper presents measurement and analysis of triple junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells after irradiation and measurement under low temperature and low intensity (LILT) conditions. The goal of these experiments was to quantify any annealing effects that might emerge after irradiation at low temperature and subsequent measurement after room temperature anneal. This was accomplished by using the facility at JAEA, which enables simultaneous irradiation and measurement at temperature without breaking vacuum. Low intensity illumination was attained by placing screens between the simulator and the low temperature chamber. Proton irradiation at 10 MeV and electron irradiation at 1 MeV were performed. Low temperature irradiations were followed by a room temperature annealing. Room temperature irradiations were also performed for comparison. The results show that cells irradiated at LILT recovers on order of 20% of the radiation-induced degradation in short circuit current after room temperature annealing. C1 [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Harris, R. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Walters, R. J.; Lorentzen, J. R.; Messenger, S. R.; Tischler, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tischler, J. G.; Ohshima, T.] Japanese Atomic Energy Agcy, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. [Sato, S.; Sharps, P. R.; Fatemi, N. S.] Emcore Photovoltaics, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Imaizumi, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1182 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000259 ER PT S AU Messenger, SR Warner, JH Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ Lorentzen, JR AF Messenger, S. R. Warner, J. H. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. Lorentzen, J. R. GP IEEE TI Low Temperature Quantum Efficiency Measurements on Irradiated Multijunction Solar Cells SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn ID SPECTRAL RESPONSE AB This paper presents quantum efficiency (QE) measurements and analyses on monolithic triple junction (3J) InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cells under both room (300K) and low temperature (130K) conditions. In measuring the quantum efficiency of multijunction solar cells, one must be careful to use the proper bias conditions to isolate the subcell of interest. This may be achieved by using external light sources such as filtered lamps, lasers, or LEDs. In some instances, an additional electrical bias is necessary. The choice of bias is also dependent on the temperature and/or irradiation condition of the solar cell. This paper will describe these measurements in detail and provide some QE analyses on irradiated multijunction solar cells at low temperature. C1 [Messenger, S. R.; Warner, J. H.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Warner, J. H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Lorentzen, J. R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 1423 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000314 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ Greer, LC Krasowski, MJ Flatico, JM Bruninga, CDRR Myre, CDRD Lorentzen, JR Crist, K Edmondson, K Boca, A AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. Greer, Lawrence C. Krasowski, Michael J. Flatico, Joseph M. Bruninga, C. D. R. Robert Myre, C. D. R. David Lorentzen, Justin R. Crist, Kevin Edmondson, Kenneth Boca, Andreea GP IEEE TI IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF III-V MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS FROM THE FORWARD TECHNOLOGY SOLAR CELL EXPERIMENT SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB The Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE) present a unique opportunity in space science by offering a low-cost platform to expose materials directly to the space environment on the International Space Station (ISS). MISSE experiments consist of a "suitcase" like package known as the "Passive Experiment Carrier" (PEC) that can be carded by astronauts and mounted externally to the ISS. The 5(th) MISSE payload (MISSE-5) contained both passive and active experiments. The Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE) on MISSE-5 measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristics on 36 solar cells of various types. Over 1500 I-V curves were recorded on each cell during a 13-month period. This paper analyses the results for all the III-V multi-junction cells flown, including state-of-the-art space qualified cells and next generation metamorphic cells. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greer, Lawrence C.; Krasowski, Michael J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Flatico, Joseph M.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Bruninga, C. D. R. Robert; Myre, C. D. R. David] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lorentzen, Justin R.] SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. [Crist, Kevin] EMCORE Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Edmondson, Kenneth; Boca, Andreea] Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2072 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000455 ER PT S AU Wilt, DM Pal, AT Ringel, SA Fitzgerald, EA Jenkins, PP Walters, R AF Wilt, David M. Pal, AnnaMaria T. Ringel, Steven A. Fitzgerald, Eugene A. Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert GP IEEE TI FINAL RESULTS FROM THE MISSE5 GaAs ON Si SOLAR CELL EXPERIMENT SO PVSC: 2008 33RD IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 11-16, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engn AB GaAs on Si (GaAs/Si) solar cells with AM0 efficiencies in excess of 17% have been demonstrated using Si substrates coated with a step-graded buffer of SixGe1-x alloys graded to 100% Ge. A year of LEO testing of this technology aboard Materials International Space Station Experiment number 5 (MISSE5) was recently competed. Electrical performance data, sun angle and thermal conditions measured on-orbit, were telemetered to ground stations daily. Ground based measurements following flight were performed on both 1 cm(2) and 4 cm(2) GaAs/GaAs and GaAs/Si devices. The smaller area GaAs/Si cells showed low degradation rates for Isc, while all other cell parameters were comparable to control cells. However, the larger area GaAs/Si devices, while demonstrating similarly low Voc and FF degradation, demonstrated a larger than expected decrease in Isc. Comparison of pre and post flight QE data suggests the decrease in Isc for the large area cell may result from reduced cell active area rather than a degradation in material properties. Ground based thermal cycle testing did not replicate these results, thus differences in mounting techniques and materials may have contributed to the degradation observed on orbit for the large area device in this initial on-orbit test. Crack free GaAs/Si based devices have been demonstrated and offer a mitigation strategy for microcrack degradation. C1 [Wilt, David M.; Pal, AnnaMaria T.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ringel, Steven A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Fitzgerald, Eugene A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilt, DM (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-1640-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2008 BP 2078 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMZ70 UT WOS:000273995000456 ER PT S AU Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Larrabee, DC Nolde, JA Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Larrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Sudharsanan, R Jelen, C TI Robust single-mode emission from Mid-IR photonic crystal interband cascade lasers - art. no. 690003 SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; interband cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared; photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS AB Electrically-pumped photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with interband-cascade active regions operating in single spectral mode at 3.3 mu m are demonstrated. At 78 K, a stripe of width 400 mu m emits up to 67 mW of cw power into a single spectral mode with side-mode suppression ratio approximate to 27 dB. The full-width at half-maximum of the far-field divergence angle is approximate to 0.5 degrees, which combined with the near-field profile yields an effective M-2 of 1.7-2.0. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Kim, M.; Canedy, C. L.; Bewley, W. W.; Larrabee, D. C.; Nolde, J. A.; Lindle, J. R.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7075-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6900 BP 90003 EP 90003 DI 10.1117/12.761602 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHO27 UT WOS:000254740500001 ER PT J AU Mccoy, PA Malek-Madani, R AF Mccoy, Peter A. Malek-Madani, Reza TI An analysis of the paraxial wave equation SO QUARTERLY OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Function theoretic methods are used to characterize solutions of the paraxial wave equation in an isotropic homogeneous medium in 3-space. A new class of function theoretic solutions whose singularities are manifested as sectionally analytic functions is constructed via integral transforms. C1 [Mccoy, Peter A.; Malek-Madani, Reza] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mccoy, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Joint Technology Office FX Partially supported by a grant from the Joint Technology Office. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0033-569X J9 Q APPL MATH JI Q. Appl. Math. PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 343BX UT WOS:000258828700003 ER PT S AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai BE Bianco, CL Xue, SS TI On the nature of the variability power decay towards soft spectral states in X-ray binaries. Case study in Cyg X-1 SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Italian-Sino Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics CY JUL 20-28, 2007 CL Pescara, ITALY SP ICRANet DE accretion; accretion disks; stars : individual (Cyg X-1); radiation mechanisms; physical data and processes ID BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; CYGNUS-X-1; INDEX; MASS; X-1; NOISE AB A characteristic feature of the Fourier Power Density Spectrum (PDS) observed from black hole X-ray binaries in low/hard and intermediate spectral states is a broad band-limited noise, characterized by a constant below some frequency (a "break" frequency) and a power law above this frequency. It has been shown that the variability of this type can be produced by the inward diffusion of the local driving perturbations in a bounded configuration (accretion disk or corona). In the framework of this model, the perturbation diffusion time to is related to the phenomenological break frequency, while the PDS power-law slope above the "break" is determined by the viscosity distribution over the configuration. The perturbation diffusion scenario explains the decay of the power of X-ray variability observed in a number of compact sources (containing black hole and neutron star) during an evolution of theses sources from low/hard to high/soft states. We compare the model predictions with the subset of data from Cyg X-1 collected by the Rossi X-ray Time Explorer (RXTE). Our extensive analysis of the Cyg X-1 PDSs demonstrates that the observed integrated power P-x decreases approximately as a square root of the characteristic frequency of the driving oscillations v(dr). The RXTE observations of Cyg X-1 allow us to infer P-dr and to as a function of v(dr) Using the inferred dependences of the integrated power of the driving oscillations P-dr and to on v(dr) we demonstrate that the power predicted by the model also decays as P-x,P-diff proportional to v(dr)(-0.5) that is similar to the observed P-x behavior. We also apply the basic parameters of observed PDSs, power-law index and low frequency quasiperiodic oscillations, to infer Reynolds (Re) number from the observations using the method developed in our previous paper. Our analysis shows that Re-number increases from values about 10 in low/hard state to that about 70 during the high/soft state. C1 [Titarchuk, Lev] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titarchuk, Lev] Univ Ferrara, Dept Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Titarchuk, Lev] ICRANET, I-65122 Pescara, Italy. [Shaposhnikov, Nikolai] NASA Univ Sp Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0483-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 966 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHH42 UT WOS:000253292800022 ER PT S AU Trepal, N Liu, JM Lipetzky, KG Salekeen, S AF Trepal, N. Liu, J. M. Lipetzky, K. G. Salekeen, S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A model-based probability of detection approach to refinement of eddy current inspection of condenser tubes SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOL 27A AND 27B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Golden, CO SP QNDE Programs DE condenser tubes; eddy current; model-based probability of detection; nondestructive evaluation; probability of detection AB The Navy has been interested in moving from a time-based approach to nondestructive inspection of condenser tubes to a condition-based approach in order to support the increased availability of our military assets. The accuracy and precision with which discontinuities can be identified by nondestructive examination (NDE) methods is a critical issue for the successful application of condition-based maintenance to aging military platforms. Probability of detection (POD) studies are one means by which to determine the reliability of a given nondestructive inspection method for a specific application; however, there are underlying costs associated with performing conventional POD studies that often become prohibitive. Modeling is seen as a potential means by which variables can be studied within the eddy current inspection process, without the expense associated with extensive experimental work. We have made use of VIC-3D, a commercial-off-the-self software package developed by Victor Technologies, to model calibration standards used in eddy current condenser tube inspection. The unknown probe parameters have been estimated by matching the modeling results to the experimental results. The effect of cables attached to the probe has been added to the idealized responses of the model output. As an example of the potential application of our approach, we show POD to depend on the choice of the measured response function and the detection threshold, where the frequency is considered to be the only variable following normal statistics in the measurement process. C1 [Trepal, N.; Liu, J. M.; Lipetzky, K. G.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Welding Proc & Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Code 611,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Salekeen, S.] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Trepal, N (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Welding Proc & Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Code 611,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001407WX20565] FX Support for this project by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Contract #N0001407WX20565, under the sponsorship of Dr. Ignacio Perez and is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank J.M. Warren of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division for technical support. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0494-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 975 BP 360 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHN68 UT WOS:000254553700045 ER PT S AU Sechrist, ZA Piestun, R George, SM AF Sechrist, Zachary A. Piestun, Rafael George, Steven M. BE Wetter, NU Frejlich, J TI Atomic layer deposition of tungsten thin films on opals in the visible region SO RIAO/OPTILAS 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Ibero-American Meeting on Optics/9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications (RIAO/OPTILAS) CY OCT 21-26, 2007 CL Campinas, BRAZIL SP State Sao Paulo Res Fdn, State Univ Campinas, Phys Inst Gleb Wataghin, Brazilian Soc Phys, Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev, Opt Soc Amer, Int Soc Opt Engn, Int Commiss Opt, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, European Opt Soc, Univ Campinas Res Fdn, Natl Council High Level Educ ID BAND-GAP MATERIALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EMISSION; SPHERES AB Thin films of tungsten (W) were deposited on opal templates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Varying fill fractions of W ALD were deposited uniformly inside the opal structure. Fill fractions in the opal were varied from 14% to 79% W ALD to observe variations in the stop band edge location and intensity. The stop band edge was predicted to occur at lambda=432nm based on the geometry of the W ALD coated opal. No stop band edge was observed at lambda=432nm for any W ALD fill fraction. These experiments showed that the W coated opal's poor performance was not an issue of W uniformity or fill fraction. The incident radiation in visible region was above the W ALD plasma frequency, thus reducing the reflectivity of the W ALD film. The visible light was transmitted through the W, and was absorbed in a distance too short to allow any Bragg reflections. C1 [Sechrist, Zachary A.] USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Piestun, Rafael] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sechrist, ZA (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0304650]; National Science Foundation-Office of Navy Research Navy Civilian Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation award number DMI-0304650 and by the National Science Foundation-Office of Navy Research Navy Civilian Fellowship Program. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0511-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 992 BP 507 EP + PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR90 UT WOS:000255857900089 ER PT B AU Plant, NG Holland, KT Holman, RA Splinter, KD Reniers, AJHM Smit, MWJ AF Plant, N. G. Holland, K. T. Holman, R. A. Splinter, K. D. Reniers, A. J. H. M. Smit, M. W. J. BE DohmenJanssen, CM Hulscher, SJMH TI A dynamical systems approach to analyzing morphodynamic states SO RIVER, COASTAL AND ESTUARINE MORPHODYNAMICS: RCEM 2007, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IAHR Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics CY SEP 17-21, 2007 CL Univ Twente, Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP IAHR HO Univ Twente AB A recent analysis [Plant et al., 2006] of surfzone morphodynamics using a simple, coupled modeling approach suggests that the observed morphology represents a combination of both morphologic feedback and response to fluctuations in the incident wave conditions. The analysis suggests that the surfzone morphology is driven toward stable morphodynamic states that tend to exhibit persistent alongshore variability in the form of rhythmic features. But, due to the fact that wave conditions change rapidly compared to the morphologic time scale, surfzone morphodynamics rarely reach their equilibrium states. Furthermore, interaction between sandbar rhythmicity (presumably associated with horizontal circulation) and cross-shore scale (associated with the wave break-point) lead to predictions of hysteresis that are consistent with observations. Here, our objective is to compare in a consistent way dynamics obtained from both a detailed numerical model and field observations. Using the empirical approach of Plant et al., we compare the sandbar system dynamics and predict the temporal evolution of both numerical and natural coastal systems. We find that both systems are well described by a simple dynamical model, but that inherent system dynamics of the numerical system are very different from those found for the natural system. The approach provides an objective method for hypothesis testing associated with numerical morphological modeling. C1 [Plant, N. G.; Holland, K. T.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Splinter, Kristen/0000-0002-0082-8444 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45363-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2008 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BHC92 UT WOS:000252235800028 ER PT S AU Ball, GP Squire, K Martell, C Shing, MT AF Ball, Gregory P. Squire, Kevin Martell, Craig Shing, Man-Tak GP IEEE Comp Soc TI MAJIC: A Java application for controlling multiple, heterogeneous robotic agents SO RSP 2008: 19TH IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE/IFIP International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, IFIP WG 10 5 AB When teaching robotics, we have a number of constraints and desires to satisfy. We are limited by the time available to teach a class, so we need a robotic system that our students can get up to speed on quickly and easily. We are limited by robot availability, in the robots that are on hand, but also because manufacturers of inexpensive teaching robots tend to go bankrupt or change focus quickly, making it difficult to purchase new robots with the same interface as previous models. Thus, we desire an interface easily adaptable to new robots. Finally, we have recently become interested in teaching techniques for dealing with teams of possibly heterogeneous robots. All existing systems that we examined fall short in one or more of these areas, prompting our development of the The Multi-Agent Java Interface Controller (MAJIC). MAJIC was designed from the bottom up with modern software engineering principles. The interface is easy to use and learn, can be quickly adapted to new robots, and allows control of multiple robots simultaneously. This paper presents the design of this system, highlighting rapid development and clarity compared with other systems. C1 [Ball, Gregory P.; Squire, Kevin; Martell, Craig; Shing, Man-Tak] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ball, GP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM kmsquire@nps.edu; cmartell@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 978-0-7695-3180-9 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2008 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1109/RSP.2008.30 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHY76 UT WOS:000257492300025 ER PT J AU Garcia-Infanta, JM Swaminathan, S Carreno, F Ruano, OA McNelley, TR AF Garcia-Infanta, J. M. Swaminathan, S. Carreno, F. Ruano, O. A. McNelley, T. R. TI Grain shape and microstructural evolution during equal channel angular pressing SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular pressing; strain path; shape change; grain morphology; modelling ID SIMPLE SHEAR; DEFORMATION; EXTRUSION AB The congruence between theoretical and experimental shape changes in flow plane microstructures after repetitive equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by route A is demonstrated for initially spheroidal grains. The model has been extended to predict shape changes of initially ellipsoidal grains of various aspect ratios during repetitive ECAP by route A. The potential role of initial grain morphology on the grain refinement is suggested. C1 Naval Prostgrad Sch, Dept Astron & Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Nacl Invest Met, CSIC, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), Naval Prostgrad Sch, Dept Astron & Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu RI Carreno, Fernando/F-6141-2011; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Carreno, Fernando/0000-0003-0754-2518; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 10 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.007 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 232PM UT WOS:000251031600005 ER PT J AU Rohatgi, A Thomas, JP Baucom, JN Pogue, WR Cerully, LB Ebenstein, DM Wahl, KJ AF Rohatgi, Aashish Thomas, James P. Baucom, Jared N. Pogue, William R., III Cerully, Laura B. Ebenstein, Donna M. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI Processing and mechanical performance of liquid crystalline polymer/nanofiber monofilaments SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE extrusion; nanocomposite; nanoindentation; vapor-grown carbon nanofiber ID POLYMERS AB Monofilaments of Vectra A950, a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, with 0-10 wt.% of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers were extrusion-mixed and characterized by tensile testing, nanoindentation and fractography. A maximum increase in modulus (35%) and strength (18%) was observed at the 1-2% nanofiber level, and increases were observed with decreasing diameter for all nanofiber concentrations. Incomplete dispersion of nanofiber clumps and microvoiding are thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in property values at the higher nanofiber levels. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Appl Intl Corp, NRL Operat, La Plata, MD 20646 USA. Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch Code 6350, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.p.thomas@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.09.008 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 232PM UT WOS:000251031600007 ER EF