FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Dudley, CC Imanishi, M Maloney, PR AF Dudley, C. C. Imanishi, M. Maloney, P. R. BE Chary, RR Teplitz, HI Sheth, K TI Reionization on ice SO SECOND ANNUAL SPITZER SCIENCE CENTER CONFERENCE: INFRARED DIAGNOSTICS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Spitzer Science Center Conference on Infrared Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Pasadena, CA ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; RANGE; STARS AB The case for substantial far infrared ice emission in local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, expected based on the presence of mid-infrared ice absorption in their spectra and the known far-infrared optical properties of ice, is still largely unsupported by direct observation owing to insufficient far-infrared spectral coverage. Some marginal supportive evidence is presented here. A clear consequence of far-infrared ice emission is the need to extend the range of redshifts considered for submillimeter sources. This is demonstrated via the example of HDF 850.1. The solid phase of the ISM during reionization may be dominated by ice, and this could lead to the presence of reionization sources in submillimeter source catalogs. Submillimeter sources not detected at 24 mu m in the GOODS-N field are examined. Two candidate reionization sources are identified at 3.6 gm through possible Gunn-Peterson saturation in the Z band. C1 [Dudley, C. C.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dudley, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (USA) FX Thanks to M. Dickinson (GOODS PI) and D. Scott (however Wang et al. astro-ph/0512347 do not concede) for helpful discussion at the conference. Infrared Astronomy at the Naval Reseach Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research (USA). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-325-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 381 BP 255 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO46 UT WOS:000254828200049 ER PT B AU Sofge, DA AF Sofge, Donald A. GP IEEE TI A Survey of Quantum Programming Languages: History, Methods, and Tools SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM-, NANO- AND MICRO-TECHNOLOGIES: ICQNM 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies CY FEB 10-15, 2008 CL St Luce, MARTINIQUE SP IEEE DE quantum computing; functional programming; imperative programming; linear logic; lambda calculus ID COMPUTATION; LOGIC AB Quantum computer programming is emerging as a new subject domain from multidisciplinary research in quantum computing, computer science, mathematics (especially quantum logic, lambda calculi, and linear logic), and engineering attempts to build the first non-trivial quantum computer. This paper briefly surveys the history, methods, and proposed tools for programming quantum computers circa late 2007. It is intended to provide an extensive but non-exhaustive look at work leading up to the current state-of-the-art in quantum computer programming. Further, it is an attempt to analyze the needed programming tools for quantum programmers, to use this analysis to predict the direction in which the field is moving, and to make recommendations for further development of quantum programming language tools. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sofge, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Donald.Sofge@nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4228-7 PY 2008 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1109/ICQNM.2008.15 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BJT48 UT WOS:000267131300012 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Shabaev, A Efros, AL AF Greilich, A. Yakovlev, D. R. Bayer, M. Shabaev, A. Efros, A. L. BA Henneberger, F Benson, O BF Henneberger, F Benson, O TI Electron Spin Quantum Bits in Quantum Dots: Initialization, Decoherence, and Control SO SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM BITS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMUNICATION; RELAXATION; RESONANCE; WELLS C1 [Greilich, A.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Bayer, M.] Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Shabaev, A.; Efros, A. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Greilich, A (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81424-119-9 PY 2008 BP 111 EP 149 DI 10.1142/9789814241199_0005 D2 10.1142/9789814241199 PG 39 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BUE94 UT WOS:000289063200006 ER PT S AU Duryea, DM Lindstrom, CE Sayegh, R AF Duryea, David M. Lindstrom, Carl E. Sayegh, Riad BE Carapezza, EM TI Submarine imaging systems - developing improved capabilities and technologies SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE video processing; image processing; panoramic imaging; optical materials AB The US Navy Submarine Imaging and Electronic Warfare Program Office, NAVSEA PMS435, is constantly pursuing new technologies and enhanced capabilities in order to allow the submarine to meet quick reaction mission requirements, anticipated future threats and to provide for improved overall situational awareness. This presentation provides a status of where PMS435 stands in regard to the development of these technologies and provides an opportunity to share ideas so they might be more effectively developed by leveraging information and other resources available in other government agencies, commercial partners and academia. C1 [Duryea, David M.; Sayegh, Riad] Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Duryea, DM (reprint author), Naval Sea Syst Command, 133 Isaac Hull Ave,Bldg 201,Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7134-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6943 AR 69430X DI 10.1117/12.783814 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHY04 UT WOS:000257370800026 ER PT S AU Apte, U Ferrer, G Lewis, I Rendon, R AF Apte, Uday Ferrer, Geraldo Lewis, Ira Rendon, Rene BE Hefley, B Murphy, W TI Service Supply Chain In The Department Of Defense: Opportunities And Challenges SO SERVICE SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE Service Science-Research and Innovations in the Service Economy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Service Science, Management and Engineering CY OCT 05-07, 2006 CL Palisades, NY SP IBM Res, IBM Univ Relat, IBM Govt Programs AB In 2003, the Department of Defense (DoD) spent over $118B in purchasing services. In fact, in each of the last ten years, DOD has spent more dollars on services than on supplies, equipment and goods, which includes weapon systems and other military items. As DOD's services acquisition volume continues to increase in scope and dollars, the agency must provide greater attention to such issues as proper acquisition planning, adequate requirements definition, establishment of appropriate contracts, and proper contractor oversight. The unique characteristics of services and the increasing importance of services acquisition offer a significant opportunity for conducting research in the management of the service supply chain in DOD. C1 [Apte, Uday; Ferrer, Geraldo; Lewis, Ira; Rendon, Rene] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM umapte@nps.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-4924 BN 978-0-387-76578-5 J9 SERV SCI RES INNOV S PY 2008 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76578-5_36 PG 8 WC Business; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLU24 UT WOS:000271022600036 ER PT J AU Scultetus, AH Arnaud, F Haque, A Teranishi, K McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Scultetus, Anke H. Arnaud, Francoise Haque, Ashraful Teranishi, Kohsuke McCarron, Richard Freilich, Daniel TI Pre-hospital recombinant factor VIIA (rFVIIA) improved outcome in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in swine SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/31st Annual Conference of the Shock-Society CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cologne, GERMANY SP Int Federat Shock Soc, Shock Soc C1 [Scultetus, Anke H.; Arnaud, Francoise; Haque, Ashraful; Teranishi, Kohsuke; McCarron, Richard; Freilich, Daniel] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2008 VL 29 SU 1 MA P23 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 308SE UT WOS:000256409500043 ER PT S AU Murray-Krezan, J Neumann, JG Leathers, RA AF Murray-Krezan, J. Neumann, J. G. Leathers, R. A. BE Drummond, OE TI Small object hyperspectral detection from a low-flying UAV SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2008 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; HSI; GSD; small object detection AB Small object detection with a low false alarm rate remains a challenge for automated hyperspectral detection algorithms when the background environment is cluttered. In order to approach this problem we are developing a compact hyperspectral sensor that can be fielded from a small unmanned airborne platform. This platform is capable of flying low and slow, facilitating the collection of hyperspectral imagery that has a small ground-sample distance (GSD) and small atmospheric distortion. Using high-resolution hyperspectral imagery we simulate various ranges between the sensor and the objects of interest. This numerical study aids in analysis of the effects of stand-off distance on detection versus false alarm rates when using standard hyperspectral detection algorithms. Preliminary experimental evidence supports our simulation results. C1 [Murray-Krezan, J.; Neumann, J. G.; Leathers, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murray-Krezan, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jkrezan@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7160-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6969 AR 69691C DI 10.1117/12.776871 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIA85 UT WOS:000257982200042 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Kadar, I TI Improving automatic cooperation between UAVs through co-evolution SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XVII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE resource management; fuzzy logic; planning algorithms; decision support algorithms; cooperative behavior AB A fuzzy logic resource manager (RM) that enables a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to automatically cooperate to make meteorological measurements will be discussed. The RM renders the UAVs autonomous allowing them to change paths and cooperate without human intervention. Innovations related to the "priority for helping" (PH) fuzzy decision tree (FDT) used by the RM will be discussed. The PH FDT permits three types of automatic cooperation between the UAVs. A subroutine of the communications routing algorithm (CRA) used by the RM is also examined. The CRA allows the UAVs to reestablish communications if needed by changing their behavior. A genetic program (GP) based procedure for automatically creating FDTs is briefly described. A GP is an algorithm based on the theory of evolution that automatically evolves mathematical expressions or computer algorithms. The GP data mines a scenario database to automatically create the FDTs. A recently invented co-evolutionary process that allows improvement of the initially data mined FDT will be discussed. Co-evolution uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to evolve scenarios to augment the GP's scenario database. The GP data mines the augmented database to discover an improved FDT. The process is iterated ultimately evolving a very robust FDT. Improvements to the PH FDT offered through co-evolution are discussed. UAV simulations using the improved PH FDT and CRA are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7159-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6968 AR 69680A DI 10.1117/12.779166 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHZ17 UT WOS:000257579700008 ER PT S AU Picard, YN Trunek, AJ Neudeck, PG Twigg, ME AF Picard, Yoosuf N. Trunek, Andrew J. Neudeck, Philip G. Twigg, Mark E. BE Dudley, M Johnson, CM Powell, AR Ryu, SH TI Lateral/vertical homoepitaxial growth on 4H-SiC surfaces controlled by dislocations SO SILICON CARBIDE 2008 - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Silicon Carbide - Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper reports the influence of screw dislocations on the lateral/vertical growth behavior of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) on-axis homoepitaxial 4H-SiC films grown on patterned mesas. Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) was utilized to image both atomic steps and dislocations while the film structure/orientation was determined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The presence and position of screw dislocations within the mesa impacted the resultant film thickness, lateral shape, and atomic step morphology. Mesa side walls that incline inwards due to faceting during screw-dislocation driven vertical film growth can intersect with the dislocation step sources near the side walls. If this occurs for all screw dislocations on a mesa, we observe a transition towards laterally dominated growth that produces webbed structures and films surfaces exhibiting significantly lower step densities. Transition from vertical to lateral dominated growth is consistent with ECCI imaged dislocation very near a mesa side wall. C1 [Picard, Yoosuf N.; Twigg, Mark E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picard, YN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Picard, Yoosuf/0000-0002-2853-5213 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-039-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE44 UT WOS:000258909700018 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Imhoff, EA Glembocki, OJ Hobart, KD Tadjer, MJ Zhang, QC Das, M Agarwal, A AF Caldwell, Joshua David Stahlbush, Robert E. Imhoff, Eugene A. Glembocki, Orest J. Hobart, Karl D. Tadjer, Marko J. Zhang, Qingchun Das, Mrinal Agarwal, Anant BE Dudley, M Johnson, CM Powell, AR Ryu, SH TI Influence of Shockley stacking fault expansion and contraction on the electrical behavior of 4H-SiC DMOSFETs and MPS diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE 2008 - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Silicon Carbide - Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-27, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID PIN DIODES; PROPAGATION AB The increase in the forward voltage drop (V-f) observed in 4H-SiC bipolar devices due to recombination-induced Shockley stacking fault (SSF) creation and expansion has been widely discussed in the literature. It was long believed that the deleterious effect of these defects was limited to bipolar devices. However, it was recently reported that forward biasing of the body diode of a 10kV 4H-SiC DMOSFET, a unipolar device, led to similar V-f increases in the body diode I-V curve as well as a corresponding degradation in the majority carrier conduction characteristics. This degradation was believed to be due to the creation and expansion of SSFs. Here we report measurements comparing the influence of similar stressing, along with annealing and current-induced recovery experiments in DMOSFETs and merged pin-Schottky diodes with the previously reported results in 4H-SiC pin diodes. These experiments support the hypothesis that the majority-carrier conduction current degradation is the result of SSF expansion. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua David; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Imhoff, Eugene A.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-039-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1069 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE44 UT WOS:000258909700025 ER PT S AU Archers, M Erickson, JS Hilliard, LR Howell, PB Stenger, DA Ligler, FS Lin, B AF Archers, M. Erickson, J. S. Hilliard, L. R. Howell, P. B., Jr. Stenger, D. A. Ligler, F. S. Lin, B. BE Kubby, JA Reed, GT TI Components for automated microfluidics sample preparation and analysis - art. no. 68981C SO SILICON PHOTONICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Silicon Photonics III CY JAN 21-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE pathogen detection; microflow cytometer; silicon microfabrication; selective solid phase ID LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DEVICES; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; PURIFICATION; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS AB The increasing demand for portable devices to detect and identify pathogens represents an interdisciplinary effort between engineering, materials science, and molecular biology. Automation of both sample preparation and analysis is critical for performing multiplexed analyses on real world samples. This paper selects two possible components for such automated portable analyzers: modified silicon structures for use in the isolation of nucleic acids and a sheath flow system suitable for automated microflow cytometry. Any detection platform that relies on the genetic content (RNA and DNA) present in complex matrices requires careful extraction and isolation of the nucleic acids in order to ensure their integrity throughout the process. This sample pre-treatment step is commonly performed using commercially available solid phases along with various molecular biology techniques that require multiple manual steps and dedicated laboratory space. Regardless of the detection scheme, a major challenge in the integration of total analysis systems is the development of platforms compatible with current isolation techniques that will ensure the same quality of nucleic acids. Silicon is an ideal candidate for solid phase separations since it can be tailored structurally and chemically to mimic the conditions used in the laboratory. For analytical purposes, we have developed passive structures that can be used to fully ensheath one flow stream with another. As opposed to traditional flow focusing methods, our sheath flow profile is truly two dimensional, making it an ideal candidate for integration into a microfluidic flow cytometer. Such a microflow cytometer could be used to measure targets captured on either antibody- or DNA-coated beads. C1 [Archers, M.; Erickson, J. S.; Hilliard, L. R.; Howell, P. B., Jr.; Stenger, D. A.; Ligler, F. S.; Lin, B.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Archers, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7073-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6898 BP C8981 EP C8981 DI 10.1117/12.766492 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BHN56 UT WOS:000254508600038 ER PT B AU Ancona, MG AF Ancona, M. G. GP IEEE TI Simulation of Single and Multi-Layer Graphene Field-Effect Devices SO SISPAD: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP 09-11, 2008 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Osaka Univ Global COE Program Ctr Elect Device Innovat, Keio Univ Global COE Program High Level Global Cooperat Leading Edge platform Access Spaces, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun engineers, IEEE EDS Japan Chapter, IEEE EDS Kansai Chapter DE Graphene; diffusion-drift; bandgap; multi-layers ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; BANDGAP AB Building on previous work, we discuss a diffusion-drift description of electron and hole transport in both single and multi-layer graphene that includes the possibility of a small bandgap. To illustrate the theory, the effects of these new features on field-effect device characteristics are exhibited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1753-7 PY 2008 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1109/SISPAD.2008.4648264 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIK31 UT WOS:000260373200043 ER PT B AU Ancona, MG Svizhenko, A AF Ancona, M. G. Svizhenko, A. GP IEEE TI Physics of Tunneling from a Macroscopic Perspective SO SISPAD: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP 09-11, 2008 CL Hakone, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Osaka Univ Global COE Program Ctr Elect Device Innovat, Keio Univ Global COE Program High Level Global Cooperat Leading Edge platform Access Spaces, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun engineers, IEEE EDS Japan Chapter, IEEE EDS Kansai Chapter DE Tunneling; macroscopic; density-gradient; non-equilibrium Green's function ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ANALYSIS AB Unlike other treatments of electron tunneling, density-gradient theory provides a macroscopic perspective on this quantum phenomenon that is grounded in Newton's quintessentially classical 2(nd) Law. We demonstrate the meaning and legitimacy of this unusual viewpoint through careful comparisons with non-equilibrium Green's function simulations. The main errors made by the density-gradient approach are shown to arise not from its description of the tunneling but rather from its representation of quantum confinement in the electrodes. A new physical understanding of the ad hoc tunneling boundary conditions used in previous work is also exhibited. C1 [Ancona, M. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1753-7 PY 2008 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1109/SISPAD.2008.4648312 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIK31 UT WOS:000260373200091 ER PT J AU Boyce, S MacAuslan, J Carr, W Picchioni, D Braun, A Balkin, T AF Boyce, S. MacAuslan, J. Carr, W. Picchioni, D. Braun, A. Balkin, T. TI Automatic detection of changes in speech clarity during sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Carr, W.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Boyce, S.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [MacAuslan, J.] Speech Technol & Appl Res Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [Picchioni, D.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Carr, W.; Picchioni, D.; Braun, A.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 341 BP A113 EP A114 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000341 ER PT J AU Carr, W Picchioni, D Balkin, TJ Matute, F Deng, H Paggi, M Braun, AR AF Carr, W. Picchioni, D. Balkin, T. J. Matute, F. Deng, H. Paggi, M. Braun, A. R. TI Effect of sleep deprivation on neural activation during language comprehension and production SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Carr, W.; Picchioni, D.; Matute, F.; Braun, A. R.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Carr, W.; Picchioni, D.; Matute, F.; Braun, A. R.] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bethesda, MD USA. [Picchioni, D.; Balkin, T. J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Matute, F.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Deng, H.] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA USA. [Paggi, M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 342 BP A114 EP A114 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000342 ER PT J AU Picchioni, D Carr, WS Krugler, AL Smith, KL Shamim, SA Sato, S Braun, AR Balkin, TJ AF Picchioni, D. Carr, W. S. Krugler, A. L. Smith, K. L. Shamim, S. A. Sato, S. Braun, A. R. Balkin, T. J. TI Baseline sleep propensity predicts individual differences in performance during subsequent sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Picchioni, D.; Krugler, A. L.; Smith, K. L.; Balkin, T. J.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Carr, W. S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Shamim, S. A.; Sato, S.; Braun, A. R.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 359 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000359 ER PT B AU Bruninga, B AF Bruninga, Bob BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW TI The United States Naval Academy Small Low-Cost APRS Satellites SO SMALL SATELLITES: PAST, PRESENT , AND FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Satellite Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bruninga, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Satellite Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-884989-22-3 PY 2008 BP 227 EP 267 PG 41 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKT30 UT WOS:000269159700008 ER PT B AU Sakoda, D Horning, J Panholzer, R AF Sakoda, Dan Horning, Jim Panholzer, Rudy BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW TI The Naval Postgraduate School Small Satellites Program SO SMALL SATELLITES: PAST, PRESENT , AND FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sakoda, Dan; Horning, Jim; Panholzer, Rudy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sakoda, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-884989-22-3 PY 2008 BP 269 EP 296 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKT30 UT WOS:000269159700009 ER PT B AU Goolsby, R AF Goolsby, Rebecca BE Liu, H Salerno, JJ Young, MJ TI The DoD encounters the blogosphere SO SOCIAL COMPUTING, BEHAVIORAL MODELING AND PREDICTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY APR 01-02, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ AB Social computing is exploding and the imagination of the Department of Defense is overflowing with ways to exploit this brave new world. Do jihadists have Facebooks? Can '' we '' (the good guys) use our technological genius to discover and surveil '' them '' (the bad guys) as they express themselves and seek to find an audience in blogs, forums, and other social media? Can "we" find the bad guys? This electronic spygame excites some, while other reject it as unworkable, undoable, and maybe not even desirable. Certainly the question of who "we" are is problematic. Blogs and related social media provide windows into culture, insights into social processes, opinion and political activity, that much is defensible. In places like Iran, where Westerners have few direct contacts or opportunities to interact with the local people, blogs provide critical understandings of how thousands of people construe the world. The blogs themselves are implicitly biased samples, but if one can account for those biases, one can glean an improved awareness. Conceivably, '' adversarial '' blogs can enrich our understanding of goals, objectives, and reasoning of those who might support anti-Western violence either implicitly or actively. The Department of Defense is very aware of blogs. They are consummate bloggers, with hundreds of blogs on the two highly classified networks that serve this community (JWICS and SIPRNet). Like other Westerners, they frequently read commercial and media blogs, such as Slashdot, Slate, Wired, and even Wonkette. They imagine the '' adversary '' has a mirror image '' cyber-underworld,'' where there are equivalent facilities. Is there an easy way to find cyber-underworld that is serving as a mass recruitment source? What does this cyber underworld really look like? What do we know about it and what do we need to know to begin to put together the right questions? Is '' targeteering '' a feasible goal? What sort of research into blogging and social media should the DoD support in order to diminish violent behavior? In order to better understand the social worlds in which the DoD must accomplish their missions? What kinds of boundaries and safeguards should be put around this type of research in order to ensure ethical research behavior? Who should be involved in developing a research agenda for social computing, national security and defense? C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-77671-2 PY 2008 BP 25 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-77672-9_4 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BHM05 UT WOS:000254217600004 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Whitman, LJ Lee, J King, WP Sheehan, PE AF Lee, Woo-Kyung Whitman, Lloyd J. Lee, Jungchul King, William P. Sheehan, Paul E. TI The nanopatterning of a stimulus-responsive polymer by thermal dip-pen nanolithography SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-PROBE LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATIONS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; SILICON SURFACES; BRUSHES; PROTEINS; LAYERS; ADSORPTION AB We demonstrate that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) nanostructures can be directly and reproducibly written from the melt using thermal dip-pen nanolithography. Whereas previous research examined polymer brushes where the strands were oriented normal to the surface, here the polymer strands are aligned parallel to the surface. Alignment parallel to the surface allows ultrathin films to be formed while still completely masking the substrate from the solution. Moreover, the aligned PNIPAAm retains its unique ability to reversibly bind and release proteins when driven through a hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase transition by a change in temperature. Unlike the conventional brush form, the phase transition in the aligned form is not associated with a change in height, retaining its dimensional stability. C1 [Lee, Woo-Kyung; Whitman, Lloyd J.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, Jungchul; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Lee, Woo Kyung/D-9873-2013; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Lee, Jungchul/0000-0001-7880-8657 FU Office of Naval Research; NRL/NRC Post-doctoral Research Associateship FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. W-K. L. acknowledges the support of an NRL/NRC Post-doctoral Research Associateship. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1844 EP 1847 DI 10.1039/b803599g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 364ZY UT WOS:000260376900016 ER PT J AU Roland, CM AF Roland, C. M. TI Characteristic relaxation times and their invariance to thermodynamic conditions SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER AB The dynamics of molecular liquids and polymers exhibit various "transitions'', associated with characteristic changes in properties. With decreasing temperature or increasing pressure, these transitions include (i) the onset of intermolecular cooperativity with consequent non-Arrhenius and non-Debye behavior; (ii) the dynamic crossover at which derivatives of the relaxation time and strength exhibit breaks; (iii) vitrification, corresponding to cessation of translational and rotational motions; and (iv) for anisotropic molecules the development of liquid crystallinity. At each of these transitions of a liquid, the structural or reorientational relaxation time is constant, independent of thermodynamic conditions; that is, while the temperature of the transition depends on pressure, the relaxation does not. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Many enlightening discussions with R. Casalini, K. L. Ngai, and S. Urban are gratefully acknowledged. NR 65 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2316 EP 2322 DI 10.1039/b804794d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 384EF UT WOS:000261726400003 ER PT J AU Pennington, JC Silverblatt, B Poe, K Hayes, CA Yost, S AF Pennington, Judith C. Silverblatt, Bryan Poe, Ken Hayes, Charolett A. Yost, Sally TI Explosive residues from low-order detonations of heavy artillery and mortar rounds SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE RDX; TNT; detonation residue; soil contamination; soil remediation ID ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; DISSOLUTION RATES; TRAINING RANGES; COMPOSITION-B; TNT; RDX AB Low-order detonations are produced by artillery and mortar rounds that fail to function as intended. The unconsumed residual explosive constitutes a potentially significant source of explosives for environmental receptors. The objectives of this study were to relate residue mass to detonation pressure, to define the relationship between the residue mass and distance from the detonation center, and to determine particle size distribution and composition of residues. Three types of mortar and two heavy artillery rounds were detonated by specific donor charges. Detonations were executed on a tarp so that residues could be recovered by sweeping. No consistent relationship was demonstrated between residue mass and measured detonation pressure. Furthermore, no consistent differences in deposition with distance from the detonation center were observed. Most of the recovered mass was in the 12.5-mm size fraction; very little was in the 0.25-mm size fraction. The ratio of RDX to TNT in the original Composition B was conserved in the residues. Results illustrate that significant quantities of explosive residues can result from low-order detonations. The particle size distribution and chemical composition of the explosive residues can be used to evaluate their future environmental fate and transport. C1 [Pennington, Judith C.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Silverblatt, Bryan; Poe, Ken] USN, Explos Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Hayes, Charolett A.; Yost, Sally] SpecPro Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Pennington, JC (reprint author), 106 Danawood Lane, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Judy1Penni@aol.com FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Mr. Bradley Smith, Executive Director, and Dr. Jeffrey Marqusee, Technical Director. We appreciate the instrumentation provided by Mr. Cornelius Reed, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Littleton, CO. Mr. William Davis, Army Research Laboratory, Blossom Point, MD, is acknowledged for setting the detonations and providing site preparation and maintenance. We also thank the following, who assisted with sample processing and analysis in the Environmental Chemistry Branch, ERDC: Lynn Escalon, Allyson Harrison, Linda Stevenson, Agnes Morrow, Richard A. Karn, and Carolyn Pettway. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this report. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1080/15320380802306669 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 341BM UT WOS:000258689200007 ER PT J AU Harrison, RA Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Bewsher, D Crothers, SR Davies, JA Howard, RA Moses, DJ Socker, DG Newmark, JS Halain, JP Defise, JM Mazy, E Rochus, P Webb, DF Simnett, GM AF Harrison, Richard A. Davis, Christopher J. Eyles, Christopher J. Bewsher, Danielle Crothers, Steve R. Davies, Jackie A. Howard, Russell A. Moses, Daniel J. Socker, Dennis G. Newmark, Jeffrey S. Halain, Jean-Philippe Defise, Jean-Marc Mazy, Emmanuel Rochus, Pierre Webb, David F. Simnett, George M. TI First imaging of coronal mass ejections in the heliosphere viewed from outside the Sun-Earth line SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; heliosphere ID IMAGER; SOLAR; STEREO; ACCELERATION AB We show for the first time images of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) viewed using the Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument aboard the NASA STEREO spacecraft. The HI instruments are wide-angle imaging systems designed to detect CMEs in the heliosphere, in particular, for the first time, observing the propagation of such events along the Sun-Earth line, that is, those directed towards Earth. At the time of writing the STEREO spacecraft are still close to the Earth and the full advantage of the HI dual-imaging has yet to be realised. However, even these early results show that despite severe technical challenges in their design and implementation, the HI instruments can successfully detect CMEs in the heliosphere, and this is an extremely important milestone for CME research. For the principal event being analysed here we demonstrate an ability to track a CME from the corona to over 40 degrees. The time-altitude history shows a constant speed of ascent over at least the first 50 solar radii and some evidence for deceleration at distances of over 20 degrees. Comparisons of associated coronagraph data and the HI images show that the basic structure of the CME remains clearly intact as it propagates from the corona into the heliosphere. Extracting the CME signal requires a consideration of the F-coronal intensity distribution, which can be identified from the HI data. Thus we present the preliminary results on this measured F-coronal intensity and compare these to the modelled F-corona of Koutchmy and Lamy (IAU Colloq. 85, 63, 1985). This analysis demonstrates that CME material some two orders of magnitude weaker than the F-corona can be detected; a specific example at 40 solar radii revealed CME intensities as low as 1.7x10(-14) of the solar brightness. These observations herald a new era in CME research as we extend our capability for tracking, in particular, Earth-directed CMEs into the heliosphere. C1 [Harrison, Richard A.; Davis, Christopher J.; Eyles, Christopher J.; Bewsher, Danielle; Crothers, Steve R.; Davies, Jackie A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.; Simnett, George M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.] Univ Valencia, Grp Astron & Ciencias Espacio, ICMUV, Valencia, Spain. [Howard, Russell A.; Moses, Daniel J.; Socker, Dennis G.; Newmark, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Halain, Jean-Philippe; Defise, Jean-Marc; Mazy, Emmanuel; Rochus, Pierre] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium. [Webb, David F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Webb, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, AFB, MA USA. RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM r.harrison@rl.ac.uk RI Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Bewsher, Danielle/0000-0002-6351-5170 NR 19 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 247 IS 1 BP 171 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9083-6 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252WA UT WOS:000252476300012 ER PT J AU Sundaresan, SG Mahadik, NA Qadri, SB Schreifels, JA Tian, YL Zhang, QC Gomar-Nadal, E Rao, MV AF Sundaresan, Siddarth G. Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. Qadri, Syed B. Schreifels, John A. Tian, Yong-Lai Zhang, Qingchun Gomar-Nadal, Elba Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Ultra-low resistivity Al+ implanted 4H-SiC obtained by microwave annealing and a protective graphite cap SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; microwave annealing; graphite cap; sheet resistance; surface roughness; lattice quality ID SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINUM; DEVICES; GROWTH AB In this work, we have employed a graphite cap for rapid microwave annealing of aluminum implanted 4H-SiC, in the temperature range of 1750-1900 degrees C, for 30 s durations. The graphite cap prevailed even for 1900 degrees C/30 s microwave annealing yielding a low surface roughness of 2.4 nm. Rutherford backscattering-channeling spectra indicated that 1900 degrees C microwave annealing is much more effective than 1800 degrees C/5 min conventional furnace annealing in not only alleviating the implantation-induced lattice damage but also in removing some of the defects introduced during growth of the 4H-SiC epi-layer used for the Al+ implantation. Van der Pauw-Hall measurements indicated an extremely low sheet resistance of 2.8 k Omega/square for the 1900 degrees C/30 s annealing, which is about 5 times smaller than the sheet resistance measured on the 1800 degrees C/5 min conventional furnace annealed material. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sundaresan, Siddarth G.; Mahadik, Nadeemullah A.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tian, Yong-Lai] LT Technol, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Zhang, Qingchun] Cree INC, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Gomar-Nadal, Elba] Univ Maryland, MRSEC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sundaresan, SG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 3G1, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ssundare@gmu.edu RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 52 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2007.06.021 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 255ZB UT WOS:000252696100024 ER PT J AU Swope, K Cadigan, J Schmitt, P Shupp, R AF Swope, Kurtis Cadigan, John Schmitt, Pamela Shupp, Robert TI Social position and distributive justice: Experimental evidence SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OTHER-REGARDING BEHAVIOR; GAMES; DICTATOR; COMPETITION; FAIRNESS AB Using a simple, double-blind dictator experiment, we examine the extent to which subjects' choices of distributive shares are influenced by unearned social position. We measure social position by the initial distributive shares (resources) and the subjects' ability to determine the final distributive shares (power). We find that subjects' decisions are consistent with Rawls' (1971) hypothesis that individuals expect a greater share when in a position with more power and initial resources. Finally, we test if subjects' choices under a laboratory veil of ignorance are consistent with Rawls' concept of distributive justice. "Veiled" individuals exhibit preferences that are less risk-averse and have greater variance than Rawls hypothesized. C1 [Swope, Kurtis; Schmitt, Pamela] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cadigan, John] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Econ, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Shupp, Robert] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Swope, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM swope@usna.edu; pschmitt@usna.edu RI Shupp, Robert/I-5635-2012 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 254FX UT WOS:000252572900010 ER PT B AU Pisacane, VL AF Pisacane, Vincent L. BA Pisacane, VL BF Pisacane, VL TI The Space Environment and Its Effects on Space Systems Introduction SO SPACE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON SPACE SYSTEMS SE AIAA Education Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Pisacane, Vincent L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pisacane, Vincent L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Space, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Pisacane, VL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-926-7 J9 AIAA EDUC SER PY 2008 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BKD43 UT WOS:000267818300001 ER PT S AU Binning, PW AF Binning, Patrick W. BE Seago, JH Neta, B Eller, TJ Pelletier, FJ TI Defining moments in the Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2008, VOL 130, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 18th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 2008 CL Galveston, TX SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB On December 6, 1957 the eyes of the nation, and the world, were on the Naval Research Laboratory's 'first' launch attempt with the Project Vanguard system. NRL was competitively selected in September, 1955 to execute America's first space program. Our nation's first response, named Test-Vehicle 3 (TV-3) by NRL, to the Soviets' 2 successful SPUTNIK launches exploded on national television less than I second after lift-off. Ultimately, NRL successfully launched Vanguard I on St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 1958. The defining moments in NRL's Project Vanguard will be explored, including how TV-3 came to be viewed as a satellite launching without preapproval from the Eisenhower administration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Space Syst Dev Dept,Mission Management Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binning, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Space Syst Dev Dept,Mission Management Off, Code 8103, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-544-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 130 BP 1791 EP 1804 PN 1-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIC52 UT WOS:000258397800111 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M. BE Dyakonov, MI TI Spin Injection SO SPIN PHYSICS IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; METAL INTERFACE; ELECTRON-GAS; POLARIZATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNET; RESONANCE; FILMS; GAAS C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.b.johnson@nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-1873 BN 978-3-540-78819-5 J9 SPRINGER SER SOLID-S PY 2008 VL 157 BP 279 EP 307 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78820-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-78820-1 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BKB71 UT WOS:000267698500011 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT LeClere, LE Romeo, AA AF Provencher, Matthew T. LeClere, Lance E. Romeo, Anthony A. TI Subpectoral biceps tenodesis SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE subpectoral biceps tenodesis; biceps; tenodesis; shoulder; interference screw ID BIOABSORBABLE INTERFERENCE SCREW; LONG HEAD BICEPS; FIXATION TECHNIQUES; TENDON PATHOLOGY; TENDINITIS; TENOTOMY; BRACHII AB The long head of the biceps brachii (LHB) tendon has long been recognized as a source of shoulder pain. Surgeons have debated the merits of tenotomy versus tenodesis, open versus arthroscopic approaches, and various fixation methods. This article reviews the clinical findings associated with LHB pathology, describes the operative technique of subpectoral biceps tenodesis, and reviews the current literature related to treatment of the symptomatic LHB tendon. The miniopen subpectoral approach is technically less demanding than purely arthroscopic techniques, and offers the potential for improved pain relief without cosmetic deformity by removing most of the LHB and its associated tenosynovium. As the literature on the topic continues to grow, subpectoral biceps tenodesis has emerged as an effective treatment for pathology of the LHB. C1 [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Romeo, Anthony A.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Ste 112, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.provencher@med.navy.mil OI Romeo, Anthony/0000-0003-4848-3411 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 EI 1538-1951 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1097/JSA.0b013e3181824edf PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 337VE UT WOS:000258462800010 PM 18703977 ER PT J AU Cole, BJ Provencher, MT AF Cole, Brian J. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Untitled SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cole, Brian J.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Cartilage Restorat Ctr Rush, Dept Orthopaed, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Cole, Brian J.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Cartilage Restorat Ctr Rush, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Sports Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Cole, BJ (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Cartilage Restorat Ctr Rush, Dept Orthopaed, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 195 EP 195 DI 10.1097/JSA.0b013e31818e8a0e PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 379OH UT WOS:000261405600001 ER PT J AU MeNickle, AG Provencher, MT Cole, BJ AF MeNickle, Allison G. Provencher, Matthew T. Cole, Brian J. TI Overview of Existing Cartilage Repair Technology SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE cartilage; repair; synthetic; scaffold; minced cartilage; second generation; third generation ID AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE IMPLANTATION; OSTEOCHONDRITIS-DISSECANS; CHONDRAL DEFECTS; KNEE; TRANSPLANTATION; MICROFRACTURE; 2-YEAR; TALUS; GEL AB Currently, autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral grafting bridge the gap between palliation of cartilage injury and resurfacing via arthroplasty. Emerging technologies seek to advance first generation techniques and accomplish several goals including predictable outcomes, cost-effective technology, single-stage procedures, and creation of durable repair tissue. The biologic pipeline represents a variety of technologies including synthetics, scaffolds, cell therapy, and cell-infused matrices. Synthetic constructs, an alternative to biologic repair, resurface a focal chondral defect rather than the entire joint surface. Scaffolds are cell-free constructs designed as a biologic "net" to augment marrow stimulation techniques. Minced cartilage technology uses stabilized autologous or allogeneic fragments in 1-stage transplantation. Second and third generation cell-based methods include alternative membranes, chondrocyte seeding, and culturing onto scaffolds. Despite the promising early results of these products, significant technical obstacles remain along with unknown long-term durability. The vast array of developing technologies has exceptional promise and the potential to revolutionize the cartilage treatment algorithm within the next decade. C1 [MeNickle, Allison G.; Cole, Brian J.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Cole, BJ (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1725 W Harrison St,Suite 1063, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM bcole@rushortho.com NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1062-8592 EI 1538-1951 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 379OH UT WOS:000261405600002 PM 19011550 ER PT J AU McCormick, F Yanke, A Provencher, MT Cole, BJ AF McCormick, Frank Yanke, Adam Provencher, Matthew T. Cole, Brian J. TI Minced Articular Cartilage-Basic Science, Surgical Technique, and Clinical Application SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE minced articular cartilage; cartilage autograft implantation system; DeNovo natural tissue grafting ID TREATMENT OPTIONS; DEFECTS; REPAIR; KNEE; TISSUE; INJURIES AB Minced articular cartilage procedures are attractive surgical approaches for repairing articular cartilage, as they are I-staged, autologous, and inserted on a carrier that can potentially be placed arthroscopically. The principle of mincing the autologous donor cartilage is to create a larger surface area for cartilage expansion. Placement on a scaffold carrier allows for a chondro-inductive and chondro-conductive milieu. Early animal and preclinical models have demonstrated hyaline-like tissue repair. Further work needs to be conducted in this promising approach. C1 [McCormick, Frank; Provencher, Matthew T.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Yanke, Adam; Cole, Brian J.] Rush Univ, Cartilage Restorat Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP McCormick, F (reprint author), Harvard Combined Orthoped Surg Program, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM drfrankmccormick@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1097/JSA.0b013e31818e0e4a PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 379OH UT WOS:000261405600005 PM 19011553 ER PT S AU Peiris, SM Gump, JC AF Peiris, Suhithi M. Gump, Jared C. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Equations of State and High-Pressure Phases of Explosives SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; THERMAL-STABILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OF-STATE; GPA; HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS C1 [Peiris, Suhithi M.; Gump, Jared C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Peiris, SM (reprint author), Def Threat Reduct Agcy, 8725 Kingman Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM Suhith.Peiris@dtra.mil; Suhith.Peiris@dtra.mil NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 99 EP 126 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200003 ER PT S AU Peiris, SM AF Peiris, Suhithi M. BE Peiris, SM Piermarini, GJ TI Reaction Kinetics SO STATIC COMPRESSION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS SE Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; REACTION PROPAGATION RATES; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; HIGH-PRESSURE; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; NITROMETHANE; GPA C1 [Peiris, Suhithi M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Peiris, SM (reprint author), Def Threat Reduct Agcy, 8725 Kingman Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM Suhith.Peiris@dtra.mil; Suhith.Peiris@dtra.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-68146-5 J9 SHOCK WAVE HIGH PRES PY 2008 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68151-9 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BJZ02 UT WOS:000267477200005 ER PT J AU Seible, F Hegemier, G Karbhari, VM Wolfson, J Arnett, K Conway, R Baum, JD AF Seible, Frieder Hegemier, Gil Karbhari, Vistasp M. Wolfson, Janet Arnett, Karen Conway, Robert Baum, Joseph D. TI Protection of our bridge infrastructure against man-made and natural hazards SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE blast effects on bridges; blast physics; blast damage to bridge decks; bridge tower blast loading; multi-hazard mitigation ID UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS AB Blast mitigation research on a series of bridge components to date has shown both similarities and differences between seismic events and explosive loads in terms of structural response. Similarities on the load side include the fact that both blast and earthquake loads are largely unknown in terms of location, magnitude, intensity, type, etc., and both have characteristics of rapid attenuation with distance from the source mechanism. In terms of consequences, both actions can result in progressive structural collapse, requiring redundant structural systems for mitigation. Significant differences in these two extreme event scenarios also exist; these include load duration and associated strain rate effects and the extent of initial damage or excitation. The similarities and differences between blast and seismic hazards and their responses are explored in a series of blast mitigation field tests, laboratory tests, and computational analyses to form the basis for multi-hazard mitigation in bridge structures. C1 [Seible, Frieder; Hegemier, Gil; Karbhari, Vistasp M.; Wolfson, Janet; Arnett, Karen] Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Conway, Robert] USN, Waterfront Struct Div, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. [Baum, Joseph D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Appl Computat Sci, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Seible, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM seible@ucsd.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 6 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.1080/15732470601130311 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 342UG UT WOS:000258808500001 ER PT J AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael TI Democracy, Al Qaeda, and the causes of terrorism: A strategic analysis of US Policy SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article ID ISLAM AB How will the strategy of spreading democracy affect the threat of terrorism from Al Qaeda and likeminded Islamic extremist groups? This article analyzes how spreading democracy would impact four different sets of underlying motivations that lead to this kind of terrorism. It will show that the widespread belief in the power of democracy is likely misplaced because democracy will be unlikely to change perceptions of occupation, will itself threaten Islamic identity and culture, will be unlikely to mitigate economic grievances, and will be unlikely to provide a more legitimate government than one based on religious law. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 210,Code DA, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mefreema@nps.edu NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 40 EP 59 DI 10.1080/10576100701759996 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 252MS UT WOS:000252451200003 ER PT J AU Porch, D Rasmussen, MJ AF Porch, Douglas Rasmussen, Maria Jose TI Demobilization of paramilitaries in Colombia: Transformation or transition? SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article AB Historically, Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reinsertion (DDR) has provided a useful means to terminate conflicts. Since being catapulted to office in August 2002 with 53 percent of the vote of 46.45 percent of the voters,(1) Colombian President Alvaro Uribe has vigorously pursued a demobilization program, both individual and collective. However, despite the fact that over 40,000 combatants have demobilized under these programs, evidence is growing that this latest round of Colombian DDR is merely transitioning, rather than terminating, violence in that Andean country. C1 [Porch, Douglas; Rasmussen, Maria Jose] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rasmussen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Code NS MM Monterey, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mrasmussen@nps.edu NR 74 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 520 EP 540 DI 10.1080/10576100802064841 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 317YQ UT WOS:000257056700003 ER PT B AU Muglach, K AF Muglach, K. BE Howe, R Komm, RW Balasubramaniam, KS Petrie, GJD TI Photospheric source regions of coronal mass ejections SO SUBSURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES ON SOLAR ACTIVITY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th National Solar Observatory Sacramento Peak Workshop CY APR 16-20, 2007 CL Natl Solar Observ, Sacramento Peak, NM SP Natl Solar Observ, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronaut Space Administrat, Air Force Off Sci Res HO Natl Solar Observ ID MAGNETIC-FLUX AB Many source regions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) show signatures of magnetic flux changes prior to the CME onset (Muglach & Dere 2005). In this paper we present a detailed study of the evolution of the photospheric structures using data taken with MDI onboard SOHO. Magnetograms and Dopplergrams are used to characterize the flux changes that happen in connection with the CMEs. We discuss the implications of our findings on the initiation of CMEs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Muglach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-329-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 383 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHO72 UT WOS:000254887200039 ER PT J AU Laracuente, AR Baker, LA Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A. R. Baker, L. A. Whitman, L. J. TI UHV characterization of ambient-dosed hydrogen-terminated Si(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning electron microscopy; electron spectroscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy; single molecule study; physical adsorption; silicon; organic molecules; single crystal surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; SILICON; HF AB We report ultra-high vacuum characterization of a high-molecular weight pentiptycene-based copolymer deposited from solution onto H-terminated Si(0 0 1) surfaces under ambient conditions. We found that NMR-gradc deuterated chloroform was the best choice of solvent to preserve the cleanliness of the sample, resulting in the lowest sample C and 0 contamination as determined by AES and STM. The H-terminated Si(0 0 1) - 2 x 1 surface proved to be an excellent metrology tool for measuring the molecular features of the polymer with nanometer resolution. Atomically resolved STM images of single polymer molecules were obtained. The average periodicity along the polymer chain was 1.26 nm, with the width of the polymer varying between 0.98 nm and 1.5 nm. Kinks observed along the polymer chain are consistent with a reduction of the polymer backbone from alkyne to alkene. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Laracuente, A. R.; Baker, L. A.; Whitman, L. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laracuente@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Lane/B-6452-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.032 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000252904700004 ER PT J AU Bremer, LP Dobbins, J Gompert, D AF Bremer, L. Paul Dobbins, James Gompert, David TI Early days in Iraq: Decisions of the CPA SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article C1 [Dobbins, James] RAND Corp, Int Secur & Defense Policy Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Gompert, David] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 21 EP 56 DI 10.1080/00396330802328925 PG 36 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 335SU UT WOS:000258311700003 ER PT J AU Goldstein, L AF Goldstein, Lyle TI China's Falklands lessons SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB The People's Liberation Army's lack of recent combat experience leads Chinese defence analysts to a major, systematic effort to look outward in the pursuit of insights about the emerging strategic environment. In Chinese military literature, the 1982 Falklands War has achieved noteworthy prominence. The PLA's objective and sophisticated understanding of the war in the South Atlantic may help explain both specific Chinese military approaches toward the analogous Taiwan situation and wider trends in Chinese military development. C1 USN, CMSI, Strateg Res Dept, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Goldstein, L (reprint author), USN, CMSI, Strateg Res Dept, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PY 2008 VL 50 IS 3 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.1080/00396330802173214 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 317OG UT WOS:000257028900006 ER PT J AU Cross, TA Davis, MC AF Cross, Tara A. Davis, Matthew C. TI Synthesis of hydroxyalkyl-substituted, push-pull chromophores based on diphenylacetylenes and 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE iodination; 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol; palladium; phenylacetylenes; sonogashira ID ARYL HALIDES; COUPLING REACTIONS; PALLADIUM; IODINATION; DERIVATIVES; CHARCOAL; SYSTEMS AB Six new push-pull chromophores based on phenylacetylenes were prepared: two 1,2-diphenylacetylenes and four 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes. The donor amino groups have hydroxyethyl substituents, and the acceptor groups are cyano or nitro. More soluble versions were made by including two methoxy groups on the central phenyl ring. C1 [Cross, Tara A.; Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 EI 1532-2432 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 499 EP 516 DI 10.1080/00397910701796584 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 260WY UT WOS:000253042300003 ER PT J AU Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R Parrish, D AF Duddu, Raja Dave, Paritosh R. Damavarapu, Reddy Surapaneni, Rao Gilardi, Richard Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of azido heterocycles SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE azido compounds; hexaazaisowurtzitane; nitro compounds; tetrazine; triazine ID 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE AB Syntheses of azido derivatives of hexaazaisowurtzitane, triazine, and tetrazine heterocyclic compounds are described. C1 [Duddu, Raja; Dave, Paritosh R.] SAIC, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. [Damavarapu, Reddy; Surapaneni, Rao] US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. [Gilardi, Richard; Parrish, Damon] Naval Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC USA. RP Duddu, R (reprint author), SAIC, US Army ARDEC, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rduddu@pica.army.mil NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.1080/00397910701820459 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 265BT UT WOS:000253334800012 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Dahl, JEP Carlson, RMK AF Davis, Matthew C. Dahl, Jeremy E. P. Carlson, Robert M. K. TI Preparation of diisocyanates of adamantane and diamantane SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adamantane; diamantane; diisocyanates; Curtius rearrangement; triphosgene ID ISOCYANATES AB The 1,6- and 4,9-diisocyanates of diamantane have been prepared for the first time by treatment of the corresponding diamines with triphosgene. Also, 1,3-diisocyanatoadamantane was prepared through double Curtius rearrangement of 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Dahl, Jeremy E. P.; Carlson, Robert M. K.] Chevron Technol Ventures, Mol Diamond Technol, Richmond, CA USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1153 EP 1158 DI 10.1080/00397910701865926 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 281OL UT WOS:000254507300001 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Irvin, DJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Irvin, David J. TI 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine tetracarbamate from dinicotinic acid SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amino; Curtius rearrangement; hydrogenation; nitration; pyridine ID THERMALLY STABLE POLYMERS; CHEMISTRY AB The tetraethylcarbamate of 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine was synthesized using dinicotinic acid as starting material in 10 steps with 23% overall yield. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Irvin, David J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1080/00397910701865942 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 281OL UT WOS:000254507300002 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Bagge, W Webber, C Zarras, P Davis, MC AF Anderson, Nichole Bagge, Whitney Webber, Cindy Zarras, Peter Davis, Matthew C. TI Procedure for the Rapid Synthesis of the Monomer 1,4-Bis(chloromethyl)-2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxybenzene SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chloromethylation; conducting polymer; 2-ethylhexyl bromide; MEH-PPV; poly(p-phenylvinylene); potassium tert-butoxide ID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; DIODES AB The alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with 2-ethylhexyl bromide was accelerated by using potassium tert-butoxide in dimethylformamide. Subsequent chloromethylation occurred quickly using acetic acid as a cosolvent to give the poly[(2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-5-methoxy-p-phenylene)vinylene] (MEH-PPV) monomer in 61% overall yield on a 2-mol scale. C1 [Anderson, Nichole; Bagge, Whitney; Webber, Cindy; Zarras, Peter; Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Environmental Security Technology [WP-0527] FX The financial support of the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Project Number WP-0527 managed by Dr. Bruce D. Sartwell is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Drs. Jennifer A. Irvin and David J. Irvin (China Lake) for kindly supplying 2-ethylhexyl bromide. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3903 EP 3908 DI 10.1080/00397910802238775 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 362PQ UT WOS:000260210000005 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Parrish, DA AF Davis, Matthew C. Parrish, Damon A. TI Synthesis of 4-(N,N-Dialkylamino) benzyltriphenylphosphonium Iodides from Hydroxymethyltriphenylphosphonium Iodide and N,N-Dialkylaniline SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Formaldehyde; N,N-dialkylaniline; triphenylphosphine; Wittig ID HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE; CHROMOPHORES; FORMALDEHYDE; SALTS AB Reinvestigation of the one-pot synthesis of 4-(N,N-dialkylamino)benzyltriphenylphosphonium iodides has shown that the product forms after the initial condensation of triphenylphosphine upon formaldehyde. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The financial support from the Office of Naval Research in gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Andrew P. Chafin (NAWCWD) for comments and suggestions about the manuscript. Thanks to Dr. Robert D. Chapman (NAWCWD) for the generous loan of the inverse Dean-Stark trap. Thanks to Drs. Brian Zentner and Hung Hoang (both of NAWCWD) for supplying the triphenylphosphine. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 22 BP 3909 EP 3918 DI 10.1080/00397910802238783 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 362PQ UT WOS:000260210000006 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. BE Inoue, K Suzuki, A Mitsuri, T TI The obscured universe SO TAUP2007: TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 11-15, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRUM; CATALOG; BURSTS; NUCLEI; MODEL AB Auger results on clustering of greater than or similar to 60 EeV UHECR ions and the interpretation of the gamma-ray spectra of TeV blazars are connected by effects from the extragalactic background light (EBL). The EBL acts as an obscuring medium for gamma rays and a reprocessing medium for ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) ions and protons, causing the GZK cutoff. The study of the physics underlying the coincidence between the GZK energy and the clustering energy of UHECR ions favors a composition of greater than or similar to 60 EeV UHECRs in CNO (up to Mg) group nucleons, This has interesting implications for the sources of UHECRs. We also comment on the Auger analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 120 AR 062006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/120/6/062006 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BIX23 UT WOS:000263552900122 ER PT S AU Wilkinson, J Caulder, SM Portieri, A AF Wilkinson, John Caulder, Stanley M. Portieri, Alessia BE Jensen, JO Cui, HL Woolard, DL Hwu, RJ TI Manufacturing process effects on the terahertz spectra of RDX - art. no. 694904 SO TERAHERTZ FOR MILITARY AND SECURITY APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications VI CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE terahertz; spectroscopy; explosives; explosives detection; defects in energetics AB We report on THz spectra of RDX obtained from various domestic and international sources. The observed spectral differences can be traced to the method of RDX manufacture. Depending on the method of manufacture, the resulting energetic material will contain imperfections within the crystal such as voids, solvent trapped within the voids, crystalline dislocations, explosive mixtures and co-crystallization of other energetic byproducts. Additionally, neat energetic material crystallites often range from tens to hundreds of microns. To investigate these phenomena, transmission and reflection mode THz spectroscopy was performed. The resulting spectral differences are interpreted in an attempt to identify material and contaminant effects. C1 [Wilkinson, John; Caulder, Stanley M.] USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wilkinson, J (reprint author), USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7140-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6949 BP 94904 EP 94904 DI 10.1117/12.776681 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BHX01 UT WOS:000257137300003 ER PT S AU Behnken, BN Karunasiri, G Chamberlin, D Robrish, P Faist, J AF Behnken, Barry N. Karunasiri, Gamani Chamberlin, Danielle Robrish, Peter Faist, Jerome BE Linden, KJ Sadwick, LP TI Optimization of a 3.6-THz quantum cascade laser for real-time imaging with a microbolometer focal plane array - art. no. 68930L SO TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Technology and Applications CY JAN 23-24, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE THz; microbolometer; uncooled; quantum cascade laser; imaging; detection; camera; NETD ID TERAHERTZ; THZ; WEAPONS; WAVE AB Real-time imaging in the terahertz (THz) spectral range was achieved using a 3.6-THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) and an uncooled, 160x120 pixel microbolometer camera fitted with a picarin lens. Noise equivalent temperature difference of the camera in the 1-5 THz frequency range was calculated to be at least 3 K, confirming the need for external THz illumination when imaging in this frequency regime. After evaluating the effects of various operating parameters on laser performance, the QCL found to perform optimally at 1.9 A in pulsed mode with a 300 kHz repetition rate and 10-20% duty cycle; average output power was approximately 1 mW. Under this scheme, a series of metallic objects were imaged while wrapped in various obscurants. Single-frame and extended video recordings demonstrate strong contrast between metallic materials and those of plastic, cloth, and paper-supporting the viability of this imaging technology in security screening applications. Thermal effects arising from Joule heating of the laser were found to be the dominant issue affecting output power and image quality; these effects were mitigated by limiting laser pulse widths to 670 ns and operating the system under closed-cycle refrigeration at a temperature of 10 K. C1 [Behnken, Barry N.; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Behnken, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Faist, Jerome/A-7339-2013 OI Faist, Jerome/0000-0003-4429-7988 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7068-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6893 BP L8930 EP L8930 DI 10.1117/12.767671 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHO14 UT WOS:000254732000017 ER PT S AU Lee, DJ Alfriend, KT AF Lee, Deok-Jin Alfriend, Kyle T. BE Crassidis, JL Junkins, JL Howell, KC Oshman, Y Thienel, JK TI ADDITIVE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE FILTERING FOR ATTITUDE ESTIMATION USING MODIFIED RODRIGUES PARAMETERS SO THE F. LANDIS MARKLEY ASTRONAUTICS SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect ID PARTICLE FILTERS; STATE ESTIMATION AB In this paper, a real-time attitude estimation algorithm is derived by using an additive divided difference filter as an efficient alternative to the extended Kalman filter. To make the attitude filtering algorithm suitable for real-time applications and to minimize the computational load, a square-root sigma point attitude filter is designed by integrating the divided difference filter with the additive noise concept using the modified Rodrigues attitude parameters. The new attitude filter provides numerically stable and accurate estimates of the state and covariance, but the computational workload of the new attitude estimator is almost identical to the computational complexity of the extended Kalman attitude filter. For performance evaluation the new sigma point attitude filter is compared with the unscented attitude filter and the extended Kalman filter. The sensor measurements include a three-axis magnetometer and rate-gyros. Simulation results indicate that the proposed additive divided difference attitude filter shows faster convergence with accurate and reliable estimation. C1 [Lee, Deok-Jin] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Unmanned Syst Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Unmanned Syst Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM apollol7@gmail.com; alfriend@aeromail.tamu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-548-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 132 BP 401 EP 421 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIY15 UT WOS:000263678000023 ER PT S AU Stamatakos, N Luzum, B Wooden, W AF Stamatakos, Nicholas Luzum, Brian Wooden, William BE Crassidis, JL Junkins, JL Howell, KC Oshman, Y Thienel, JK TI THE OTHER LEG OF THE TRIANGLE - HOW KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH ORIENTATION PARAMETERS COULD AFFECT EARTH OBSERVING SATELLITE MISSIONS SO THE F. LANDIS MARKLEY ASTRONAUTICS SYMPOSIUM SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT F Landis Markley Astronautics Symposium CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Cambridge, MD SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Univ Buffalo, Hubble Space Telescope Project, Comp Sci Corp, General Dynam, John Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Spacecraft Syst Engn Serv, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Baltimore Sect AB Accurate Earth orientation knowledge can benefit Earth observing spacecraft missions. Consider an example of a typical three-axis-stabilized spacecraft that obtains inertial attitude information by using a combination of star trackers and gyros. Star sensor accuracies can be at the arc-second level, and gyro drifts of 0.001 degree/hour are common. A total pointing error of 1.0 arc-second could result in a 5 meter error for an instrument on a spacecraft observing an object on the surface of the Earth from a 1000 km altitude. Both the spacecraft / instrument attitude and Earth orientation errors contribute to this overall error. Using daily observations and analysis software, astronomers at the U.S. Naval Observatory provide milliarcsecond Earth orientation accuracy relative to inertial quasars. The range of Earth orientation accuracy requirements for spacecraft missions can vary from the milliarcsecond level to several orders of magnitude higher. This paper will first present a review of Earth orientation parameters and the current level of achievable accuracies. Then, the software and available data provided by the U.S. Naval Observatory to meet such a wide range of possible requirements are discussed. Lastly, a design trade-off table is given as an example to assist spacecraft engineers in balancing the desired Earth orientation with other subsystem constraints, such as computer and ground command resources. C1 [Stamatakos, Nicholas; Luzum, Brian] USN Observ, Earth Orientat Rapid Serv Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Stamatakos, N (reprint author), USN Observ, Earth Orientat Rapid Serv Predict Ctr, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM stamatakos.nick@usno.navy.mil; bjl@usno.navy.mil; wooden.william@usno.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-548-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2008 VL 132 BP 625 EP 644 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIY15 UT WOS:000263678000036 ER PT S AU Furstenberg, R Kendziora, CA Stepnowski, SV Mott, DR McGill, RA AF Furstenberg, Robert Kendziora, C. A. Stepnowski, Stanley V. Mott, David R. McGill, R. Andrew BE Vavilov, VP Burleigh, DD TI Infrared micro-thermography of an actively heated preconcetrator device SO THERMOSENSE XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Confernece on Thermosense XXX CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared thermography; radiation thermometry; convective cooling; heat conduction; air flow; preconcentrator; microfabricated devices; MEMS; explosives detector; chemical detector AB We report infrared micro-thermography measurements and analysis of static and transient temperature maps of an actively heated micro-fabricated preconcentrator device that incorporates a dual serpentine platinum heater trace deposited on a perforated polyimide membrane and suspended over a silicon frame. The sorbent coated perforated membrane is used to collect vapors and gases that flow through the preconcentrator. After heating, a concentrated pulse of analyte is released into the detector. Due to its small thermal mass, precise thermal management of the preconcentrator is critical to its performance. The sizes of features, the semi-transparent membrane, the need to flow air through the device, and changes in surface emissivity on a micron scale present many challenges for traditional infrared micro-thermography. We report an improved experimental test-bed. The hardware incorporates a custom-designed miniature calibration oven which, in conjunction with spatial filtering and a simple calibration algorithm, allows accurate temperature maps to be obtained. The test-bed incorporates a micro-bolometer array as the infrared imager. Instrumentation design, calibration and image processing algorithms are discussed and analyzed. The procedure does not require prior knowledge of the emissivity. We show that relatively inexpensive uncooled bolometers arrays can be used in certain radiometric applications. Heating profiles were examined with both uniform and non-uniform air flow through the device. The conclusions from this study provide critical information for optimal integration of the preconcentrator within a detection system, and in the design of the heater trace layout to achieve a more even temperature distribution across the device. C1 [Furstenberg, Robert; Kendziora, C. A.; Stepnowski, Stanley V.; Mott, David R.; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7130-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6939 BP U1 EP U12 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BHW24 UT WOS:000256995100001 ER PT B AU Pao, P Imam, MA Jones, H Bayles, R Feng, J AF Pao, Peter Imam, M. Ashraf Jones, Harry Bayles, Robert Feng, Jerry GP TMS TI Effect of oxygen on fracture toughness and stress-corrosion cracking of Ti-6211 SO TMS 2008 ANNUAL MEETING SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 137th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA DE titanium (Ti); stress-corrosion cracking (SCC); fracture toughness; oxygen AB Oxygen is a potent solid solution strengthener in titanium alloys and, in relatively small concentrations, can significantly increase the tensile strength and affect the cracking resistance of these alloys. The effect of oxygen concentrations ranging from 0.075 to 0.29 wt% on the fracture toughness and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo (Ti-6211) is investigated. While oxygen has little effect on the fracture toughness below 0.236 wt%, it can significantly reduce the fracture toughness at higher concentrations. Oxygen strongly affects the SCC resistance of Ti-6211. The SCC threshold varies from 120 MPa root m for an alloy containing 0.075 wt% oxygen to 40 MPa root m for alloy containing 0.29 wt% oxygen. The interplay of SCC susceptibility, fracture paths, and fracture mechanisms in Ti-6211 with various amounts of oxygen are discussed. C1 [Pao, Peter; Imam, M. Ashraf; Jones, Harry; Bayles, Robert; Feng, Jerry] USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-716-2 PY 2008 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHQ98 UT WOS:000255581900057 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI The solar atmosphere SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 1 EP 30 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500002 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE Preface SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP IX EP + DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500001 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Fundamentals of solar radiation SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500003 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Fundamentals of atomic physics SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 44 EP 72 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.004 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500004 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Mechanisms of formation of the solar spectrum SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 73 EP 118 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 46 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500005 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Plasma diagnostic techniques SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 119 EP 163 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500006 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Ultraviolet and X-ray emission lines SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 164 EP 183 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.007 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500007 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Spectrometers and imagers for observing the solar ultraviolet and X-ray spectrum SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 184 EP 209 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.008 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500008 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Quiet Sun and coronal holes SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 210 EP 230 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.009 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Active regions SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 231 EP 250 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500010 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Solar flares SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 251 EP 281 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.011 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500011 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E AF Phillips, Kenneth J. H. Feldman, Uri Landi, Enrico BA Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E BF Phillips, KJH Feldman, U Landi, E TI Element abundances SO ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE SE Cambridge Astrophysics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Kenneth J. H.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Landi, Enrico] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-84160-3 J9 CAM ASTROPH PY 2008 IS 44 BP 282 EP 296 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511585968.012 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511585968 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAS20 UT WOS:000305345500012 ER PT S AU Archer, M AF Archer, Myla BE Meyer, B Woodcock, J TI Can we build an automatic program verifier? Invariant proofs and other challenges SO VERIFIED SOFTWARE: THEORIES, TOOLS, EXPERIMENTS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Working Conference on Verified Software - Theories, Tools and Experiments (VSTTE 2005) CY OCT 10-13, 2005 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP IFIP TC 2, WG 2 3 HO ETH AB This paper reviews some common knowledge about establishing correctness of programs and the current status of program specification and verification. While doing so, it identifies several challenges related to the grand challenge of building a verifying compiler. The paper argues that invariants are central to establishing correctness of programs and that thus, a major part of an automatic program verifier must be automated support for verifying invariants, a significant problem in itself. The paper discusses where the invariants come from, what can be involved in establishing that they hold, and the extent to which the process of finding and proving invariants can be automated. The paper also discusses several of the related challenges identified, argues that addressing them would make the significance to global program behavior of feedback from a verifying compiler clearer, and recommends that many of them should be included within the scope of the grand challenge. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Archer, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69147-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4171 BP 308 EP 317 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIH10 UT WOS:000259442300033 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R AF Bharadwaj, Ramesh BE Meyer, B Woodcock, J TI Verified Software: The real grand challenge SO VERIFIED SOFTWARE: THEORIES, TOOLS, EXPERIMENTS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Working Conference on Verified Software - Theories, Tools and Experiments (VSTTE 2005) CY OCT 10-13, 2005 CL ETH, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP IFIP TC 2, WG 2 3 HO ETH AB This position paper addresses, and attempts to propose solutions for, critical issues in software engineering that need to be resolved before the Verified Software grand challenge as proposed by Professor Tony Hoare can be usefully exploited in industry to increase the assurance of software intensive systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-69147-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4171 BP 318 EP 324 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIH10 UT WOS:000259442300034 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Barron, JA Young, D Othon, CM Ladoucuer, D Wu, PK Spargo, BJ AF Ringeisen, Bradley R. Barron, Jason A. Young, Daniel Othon, Christina M. Ladoucuer, Doug Wu, Peter K. Spargo, Barry J. BE Bidanda, B Bartolo, PJ TI Laser Printing Cells SO VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING & BIO MANUFACTURING IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROCESSING LIVING CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; DNA-DAMAGE; TISSUE; SCAFFOLDS; DELIVERY; POLYMER; FABRICATION C1 [Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Barron, Jason A.; Othon, Christina M.; Ladoucuer, Doug; Spargo, Barry J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wu, Peter K.] So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Young, Daniel] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-68831-2 PY 2008 BP 207 EP 228 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-68831-2_10 PG 22 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BZK14 UT WOS:000301804200010 ER PT J AU Ratwani, RM Trafton, JG AF Ratwani, Raj M. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Spatial memory guides task resumption SO VISUAL COGNITION LA English DT Article ID INTERRUPTED VISUAL-SEARCH; RAPID RESUMPTION; ACTIVATION; RECOVERY; MODEL AB Previous research examining how people resume a task following an interruption has focused primarily on pure memory processes. In this paper, we focus on the perceptual processes underlying task resumption and show that spatial memory guides task resumption. In Experiment 1, fixation patterns suggest participants were able to resume remarkably close to where they were in the task prior to interruption. In Experiment 2, a spatial interruption disrupted resumption performance more than a nonspatial interrupting task. Together, these results implicate spatial memory as a mechanism for resumption. C1 [Ratwani, Raj M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ratwani, RM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rratwani@gmu.edu RI Ratwani, Raj/B-1375-2009 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1350-6285 J9 VIS COGN JI Vis. Cogn. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1010 AR PII 792324530 DI 10.1080/13506280802025791 PG 10 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 370XX UT WOS:000260797500001 ER PT J AU Abels, R AF Abels, Richard BE DeSouza, P France, J TI Paying the Danegeld: Anglo-Saxon peacemaking with vikings SO WAR AND PEACE IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-81703-5 PY 2008 BP 173 EP 192 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511496301.011 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511496301 PG 20 WC History SC History GA BAT16 UT WOS:000305432400010 ER PT B AU Harkins, R Dunbar, T Boxerbaum, AS Bachman, R Vaidyanathan, R Quinn, RD AF Harkins, Richard Dunbar, Thomas Boxerbaum, Alexander S. Bachman, Richard Vaidyanathan, Ravi Quinn, Roger D. GP Int Assoc Engineers TI Design and Testing of an Autonomous Highly Mobile Robot in a Beach Environment SO WCECS 2008: WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE SE Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCECS 2008) CY OCT 11-24, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Int Assoc Engineers DE biologically inspired robotics; legged vehicles; field robotics; advanced mobility; autonomous control AB The capability of autonomous platforms to function on beaches is critical for a wide range of military and civilian operations. Of particular importance is the ability to autonomously navigate through rocky terrain, hard-packed moist sand, and loose dry sand typically found in these environments. The study of animal locomotion mechanisms provides specific movement principles that can be applied to address these demands. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, control system development, and field-testing of a biologically inspired autonomous robot for deployment and operation in a surf-zone environment. The robot successfully fuses a range of insect-inspired passive mechanisms with active autonomous control architectures to seamlessly adapt to and traverse through a range of challenging substrates. Field testing establishes the performance of the robot to navigate semi-rugged terrain in the surf-zone environment including: soft to hard packed sand, mild to medium inclines, and rocky terrain. Platform autonomy is shown to be effective for navigation and communication. The fusion of passive mechanisms and active control algorithms enables the robot with the mobility of a legged vehicle with a control system as simple as that of a wheeled robot. C1 [Harkins, Richard; Dunbar, Thomas] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harkins, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rharkins@nps.edu; tdunbar@nps.edu; asb22@case.edu; r_j_bachman@biorobots.com; rvaidyanathan@bristol.ac.uk; rdq@case.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG PI HONG KONG PA UNIT1, 1-F, 37-39 HUNG TO ROAD, KWUN TONG, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-988-98671-0-2 J9 LECT NOTES ENG COMP PY 2008 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIW70 UT WOS:000263417100116 ER PT S AU Anderson, CR Volos, HI Headley, WC Muller, FCBF Buehrer, RM AF Anderson, C. R. Volos, H. I. Headley, W. C. Muller, F. C. B. F. Buehrer, R. M. GP IEEE TI Low antenna ultra wideband propagation measurements and modeling in a forest environment SO WCNC 2008: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE DE ultra wideband (UWB); propagation; forest; sensor; wireless ID RADIO-WAVE PROPAGATION; CHANNEL; PATHS AB Over the past decade, research and development in wireless sensor networks has investigated novel and exciting applications for a number of different scenarios. Impulse ultra wideband (UWB) communications promises a number of ben efits for use in wireless sensor networks-particularly in forest environments where it can provide robust operation along with the ability to combine communications with precision position location. In this paper, we present measurement results and empirical models for impulse ultra wideband (UWB) propagation in a forest environment. Path loss measurements were performed using a 620 picosecond duration UWB pulse, and over 14000 measurements were recorded in 93 different locations in four different forest environments: light brush, light, medium, and dense forest. Transmitters and receivers were separated by distances ranging from 4 to 50 meters. Path loss exponents were found to range from 2.2-4.3, depending on the antenna and forest density; results which are in agreement with the few existing broadband forest propagation studies presented in the literature. Small scale fading analysis indicated that UWB signals experience Rician fading, with K factors in the range of 8 24 dB. These measurements and models should aid in the development of future UWB outdoor sensor networks. C1 [Anderson, C. R.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Eng, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Volos, H. I.; Headley, W. C.; Muller, F. C. B. F.; Buehrer, R. M.] Virginia Tech, MPRG, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Anderson, CR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Eng, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM canderso@usna.edu; hvolos@vt.edu; cheadley@vt.edu; fmuller@ufpa.br; buehrer@vt.edu FU Brazilian government agency Capes FX The authors would like to thank Tektronix for providing the arbitrary waveform generator as well as the high-speed oscilloscope used to perform the propagation measurements. C. L. Hutchens, B. R. Sarbin, A. C. Bowers, and J. D. G. McKillican all provided significant help collecting the data. In addition, we would like to thank Joseph. D. Gaeddert for providing the code for the Nakagami parameter estimation. Francisco Muller would like to thank the support and funding provided by the Brazilian government agency Capes. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-1996-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2008 BP 1229 EP + DI 10.1109/WCNC.2008.221 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG93 UT WOS:000259411100216 ER PT B AU Isenberg, MT AF Isenberg, Michael T. BE Rollins, PC OConnor, JE TI THE GREAT WAR VIEWED FROM THE 1920S The Big Parade SO WHY WE FOUGHT: AMERICA'S WARS IN FILM AND HISTORY SE Film and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Isenberg, MT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-9191-1 J9 FILM HIST PY 2008 BP 137 EP 155 PG 19 WC Film, Radio, Television; History SC Film, Radio & Television; History GA BAV14 UT WOS:000305581300008 ER PT B AU Bushnell, WS AF Bushnell, William S. BE Rollins, PC OConnor, JE TI THE QUIET AMERICAN Graham Greene's Vietnam Novel through the Lenses of Two Eras SO WHY WE FOUGHT: AMERICA'S WARS IN FILM AND HISTORY SE Film and History LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bushnell, William S.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bushnell, William S.] USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bushnell, WS (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-9191-1 J9 FILM HIST PY 2008 BP 404 EP 427 PG 24 WC Film, Radio, Television; History SC Film, Radio & Television; History GA BAV14 UT WOS:000305581300021 ER PT S AU Su, WL AF Su, Weilian BE Li, Y Thai, MT Wu, W TI Time-Synchronization Challenges and Techniques SO WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS SE Signals and Communication Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; PROTOCOL C1 [Su, Weilian] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Su, Weilian] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Su, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM weilian@nps.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-4862 BN 978-0-387-49591-0 J9 SIGNALS COMMUN TECHN PY 2008 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-49592-7_9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJM41 UT WOS:000266801100009 ER PT B AU Broussard, RP Kennell, LR Ives, RW AF Broussard, Randy P. Kennell, Lauren R. Ives, Robert W. BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD Baralt, J Boukachour, J White, C TI Accelerating Image Based Scientific Applications using Commodity Video Graphics Adapters SO WMSCI 2008: 12TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/14th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Int Federat Syst Res AB The processing power available in current video graphics cards is approaching super computer levels. State-of-the-art graphical processing units (GPU) boast of computational performance in the range of 300-500 billion floating point operations per second (300-500 Gigaflops). Making this processing power accessible to the scientific community would benefit many fields of research. This research takes a relatively computationally expensive image-based iris segmentation algorithm and hosts it on a GPU using the High Level Shader Language which is part of DirectX 9.0. The selected segmentation algorithm uses basic image processing techniques such as image inversion, value squaring, thresholding, dilation, erosion and a computationally intensive local kurtosis (fourth standardized moment) calculation. Strengths and limitations of the DirectX rendering pipeline are discussed. The primary source of the graphical processing power, the pixel or fragment shader, is discussed in detail. Impressive acceleration results were obtained. The iris segmentation algorithm was accelerated by a factor of 40 over the highly optimized C++ version hosted on the computer's central processing unit. Some parts of the algorithm ran at speeds that were over 100 times faster than their C++ counterpart. GPU programming details and HLSL code samples are presented as part of the acceleration discussion. C1 [Broussard, Randy P.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-35-0 PY 2008 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIZ56 UT WOS:000263964000035 ER PT S AU Samanta, G Beris, AN Handler, RA Housiadas, KD AF Samanta, Gaurab Beris, Antony N. Handler, Robert A. Housiadas, Kostas D. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Dynamic K-L analysis of the coherent structures in turbulent viscoelastic channel flows SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE coherent structures; Direct Numerical Simulations; spectral methods; drag reduction ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; REYNOLDS-STRESS; DISSIPATION; BUDGETS; ENERGY AB The turbulent dynamics corresponding to long-time Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data of viscoelastic turbulent channel flows is analyzed here through a projection of the velocity fields into a set of Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) modes, large enough to contain, on the average, more than 90% of the fluctuating turbulence energy. Previous static K-L analyses have demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the K-L dimensionality (and, correspondingly, the number of modes carrying most of the turbulent energy) as viscoelasticity increases in turbulent channel flows; this is also consistent to the increasing importance of large coherent structures for viscoelastic turbulent flows, as was also revealed in previous flow visualizations of DNS data. Here we use the K-L modes dynamically in viscoelastic turbulence to better understand the role of coherent structures and viscoelasticity. In particular, we calculate the viscoelastic conformation field developed in response to the velocity field reconstructed from selected KL representations and compare the results against the full DNS predictions. The significance of these results in building low dimensional models for viscoelastic turbulence is also going to be addressed. C1 [Samanta, Gaurab; Beris, Antony N.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Handler, Robert A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Housiadas, Kostas D.] Univ Aegean, Dept Math, Samos, Greece. RP Samanta, G (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) [MCA96N005P] FX We are grateful to the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) for providing the computational resources needed for this work through as Alliance proposal grand MCA96N005P. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 213 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000070 ER PT S AU Hudson, SD Pathak, JA Martin, JD AF Hudson, Steven D. Pathak, Jai A. Martin, Jeffrey D. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Diffusive and convective mass transfer in two-phase microchannel flow: Non-equilibrium interfacial tension SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE microfluidics; multiphase flow; surfactant mass transfer; interfacial tension ID WATER/HEXANE INTERFACE; ALKYLPHOSPHINE OXIDES; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; DROP AB The kinetics of mass transfer from one phase to another is monitored in flow. The time-dependent interfacial tension between water and oil (determined from drop deformation dynamics in situ) serves as a measure of the butanol (diffusing species) concentration inside the drop. This concentration decreases from its initial value, as the butanol diffuses into the surrounding oil. This diffusive process is effectively two dimensional, i.e. only transverse to the flow. C1 [Hudson, Steven D.; Martin, Jeffrey D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pathak, Jai A.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov; jai_pathak@code6100.nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.martin@nist.gov FU NIST Materials Science Engineering Laboratory; NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (and its members ICI/National Starch and Procter Gamble) FX Financial support from the NIST Materials Science Engineering Laboratory and the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center (and its members ICI/National Starch and Procter & Gamble) is appreciated. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 1003 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000327 ER PT S AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Effect of crosslinking on segmental and secondary dynamics of polyvinylethylene SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol DE polyvinylethylene; secondary relaxations; networks; crosslinking AB The local segmental and secondary dynamics of polyvinylethylene (PVE) networks having different degrees of cross-linking were studied as a function of temperature and pressure, using broad band dielectric and pressure-volume-temperature measurements. Higher cross-link density increases the glass transition temperature and the fragility. These increases are found to be associated with a larger relative contribution of temperature to the segmental dynamics, as measured by the ratio of the isobaric and isochoric activation energies. Interestingly, the effect of cross-linking on the non-cooperative secondary relaxation time is found to be opposite to that on the segmental relaxation time, the former becoming smaller. C1 [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 1294 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000418 ER PT S AU Bogoslovov, RB Roland, CM Ellis, AR Randall, AM Robertson, CG AF Bogoslovov, R. B. Roland, C. M. Ellis, A. R. Randall, A. M. Robertson, C. G. BE Co, A Leal, LG Colby, RH Giacomin, AJ TI Effect of silica nanoparticles on the local segmental dynamics in polyvinylacetate SO XVTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY - THE SOCIETY OF RHEOLOGY 80TH ANNUAL MEETING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Rheology/80th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Soc Rheol ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FILLER; COMPOSITES; ELASTOMERS AB The effect of nanosized silica particles on the properties of polyvinylacetate (PVAc) was investigated for a range of silica concentrations encompassing the filler network percolation threshold. The quantity of polymer adsorbed to the particles ("bound rubber") increased systematically with silica content and was roughly equal to the quantity shielded from shear stresses ("occluded rubber"). A variety of experimental techniques was employed including pressure-volume-temperature measurements, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, thermal analysis (modulated DSC), dynamic-mechanical spectroscopy, viscometry. The glass transition properties of PVAc, i.e. the glass transition temperature and the changes in the thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity at T-g, as well as the isothermal compressibility and the volume sensitivity of the local segmental dynamics of the polymer chains in the presence of the polymer-filler interface are discussed. The implication of this result and possible directions for new research are considered. C1 [Bogoslovov, R. B.; Roland, C. M.; Ellis, A. R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Randall, A. M.; Robertson, C. G.] Ctr Res & Technol, Bridgeston Amer, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RP Bogoslovov, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0549-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1027 BP 1315 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHZ23 UT WOS:000257623000425 ER PT J AU Stierstorfer, J Klapotke, TM Hammerl, A Chapman, RD AF Stierstorfer, Joerg Klapoetke, Thomas M. Hammerl, Anton Chapman, Robert D. TI 5-azido-1H-tetrazole - Improved synthesis, crystal structure and sensitivity data SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE azidotetrazole; crystal structure; DSC; DIFT calculations; sensitivities; azides; nitrogen heterocycles ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HYDRAZINIUM SALTS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MP2 ENERGY; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; AZIDE; 5,5'-AZOTETRAZOLATE; REFINEMENT AB Due to the highly explosive nature of 5-azido-1H-tetrazole (1), its characterization has not been fully described in the literature yet. In addition, the previously published crystal structure was of low quality, and therefore the position of the hydrogen atom was not certain. In order to resolve these problems, 1 was prepared in an improved synthesis, and the results of the subsequent detailed reinvestigation and characterization are given. The reaction of cyanogen bromide with two equivalents of sodium azide at low temperatures yielded sodium 5-azidotetrazolate, which was protonated using dilute hydrochloric acid. The product 1 was isolated and characterized using multinuclear (H-1, C-13, N-15) NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of 1 in the crystalline state was determined using low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the optimized gas-phase structures of the 5-azido-1H-tetrazole and 5-azido-2H-tetrazole isomers were calculated (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ) and the electronic energies were compared. The heat of formation of 1 was calculated and several detonation parameters were estimated using the EXPLO5 software. The thermal behavior was investigated using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and the sensitivity of this highly energetic material was tested using the BAM drophammer, ESD and friction tester. X-ray: 1: monoclinic, P2(1/c), a = 13.265(2) angstrom, b = 4.9693(6) angstrom, c = 16.304(3) angstrom, beta = 127.04(1)degrees, V = 857.9(3) angstrom(3), Z = 8, p = 1.720 g cm(-3). C1 [Stierstorfer, Joerg; Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Hammerl, Anton] Univ Munich, Dept Chem & Biochem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Chapman, Robert D.] USN, Air Syst Command, Chem Branch, Div Res,Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Klapotke, TM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Chem & Biochem, Butenandstr 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany. EM tmk@cup.uni-muenchen.de RI Stierstorfer, Joerg/B-5261-2015; Klapoetke, Thomas/B-6055-2014 OI Stierstorfer, Joerg/0000-0002-2105-1275; Klapoetke, Thomas/0000-0003-3276-1157 NR 78 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2008 VL 634 IS 6-7 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1002/zaac.200800003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 305IU UT WOS:000256172500011 ER PT J AU Schmidt, P AF Schmidt, Parbury TI A "surface" model for the treatment of local vibrations in macromolecular systems SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE anharmonic molecular vibrations; potential; macromolecules ID MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; PERTURBATION THEORY; CONSTANTS; BARRIER AB The accurate theoretical and computational treatment of chemical dynamics and reactivity generally makes use of quantum mechanical analyses of the anharmonic motions of atoms within molecular systems. As reactive dynamics are inherently anharmonic, special potential energy functions that can address the issue are required. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss a model potential energy function that may accurately represent both local molecular anharmonic and discrete harmonic motions while incorporating the collective harmonic dynamics of the rest of a macromolecule in a parametric form. The model is approximately analogous to a small molecule chemisorbed on or embedded in an elastic surface. As the embedding region in the macromolecule in which the local group resides is generally highly anisotropic, the usual development of continuum elasticity theory is not straightforward. Instead, this approach adopts a local surface model with anisotropic points of attachment between the surface and atoms of the local group. The dynamics of the points of attachment, i.e., anchor pseudo-atoms in a cavity, are proposed to be treated phenomenologically to yield local force constants as fitting parameters to represent the effect of the collective motion of the remainder of the macromolecule. A potential energy function of this type should be useful for the analysis of local reactive dynamics in macromolecular systems, such as a reactive polymer or an enzyme. Extension of the model to a closed cavity may also be useful for the treatment of local discrete effects of solvent coordination on solute spectra and dynamics. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Schmidt, P (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM schmidp@onr.navy.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 222 IS 5-6 BP 865 EP 889 DI 10.1524/zpch.2008.6013 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 340UE UT WOS:000258669700014 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M Lainey, V AF Efroimsky, Michael Lainey, Valery TI Physics of bodily tides in terrestrial planets and the appropriate scales of dynamical evolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-WAVE ATTENUATION; UPPER-MANTLE; CONSEQUENCES; SATELLITES; DEPENDENCE; DISPERSION; FRICTION; SPECTRA; EARTH AB Any model of tides is based on a specific hypothesis of how lagging depends on the tidal-flexure frequency c. For example, Gerstenkorn (1955), MacDonald (1964), and Kaula (1964) assumed constancy of the geometric lag angle delta, while Singer (1968) and Mignard (1979, 1980) asserted constancy of the time lag Delta t. Thus each of these two models was based on a certain law of scaling of the geometric lag: the Gerstenkorn-MacDonald-Kaula theory implied that delta similar to chi(1), while the Singer-Mignard theory postulated delta similar to chi(1). The actual dependence of the geometric lag on the frequency is more complicated and is determined by the rheology of the planet. Besides, each particular functional form of this dependence will unambiguously fix the appropriate form of the frequency dependence of the tidal quality factor, Q(chi). Since at present we know the shape of the function Q(chi), we can reverse our line of reasoning and single out the appropriate actual frequency dependence of the lag, d(chi): as within the frequency range of our concern Q similar to chi(alpha), alpha = 0.2 - 0.4, then delta similar to chi(-alpha). This dependence turns out to be different from those employed hitherto, and it entails considerable alterations in the timescales of the tide-generated dynamical evolution. Phobos's fall on Mars is an example we consider. C1 [Efroimsky, Michael] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Lainey, Valery] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Lainey, Valery] IMCCE Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8028, Paris, France. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM me@aa.usno.navy.mil; lainey@imcce.fr OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E12 AR E12003 DI 10.1029/2007JE002908 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 246OC UT WOS:000252015400002 ER PT J AU Mohammad, SN AF Mohammad, S. Noor TI Self-catalytic solution for single-crystal nanowire and nanotube growth SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; SCALE GAN NANOWIRES; CONTACT MECHANISMS; SILICON NANOWIRES; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; OHMIC CONTACTS; N-GAN; INDIUM; TRANSPORT AB Vast majority of nanowires is grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal-organic CVD (MOCVD), or the laser ablation method via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) route. Others are grown via the oxide-assisted route. In this investigation a self-catalytic synthesis route based on VLS formalism and suitable for the CVD, MBE, MOCVD, or the laser ablation method has been described. Various issues pertaining to growth kinetics, nanowire alignment, diameter distribution, and nanotube formation have been addressed. The strength of the self-catalytic route has been highlighted. As this route does not make use of foreign element catalytic agents to mediate the synthesis, it suffers from difficulties. Attempts have been made to elucidate means to overcome these difficulties. Attempts have also been made to explain the means to separate the nanowires thus produced from the substrate/scaffold, and to control their physicochemical characteristics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 24 AR 244702 DI 10.1063/1.2813432 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 246DN UT WOS:000251987800028 PM 18163690 ER PT J AU Khanolkar, AD Lu, D Ibrahim, M Duclos, RI Thakur, GA Malan, TP Porreca, F Veerappan, V Tian, X George, C Parrish, DA Papahatjis, DP Makriyannis, A AF Khanolkar, Atmaram D. Lu, Dai Ibrahim, Mohab Duclos, Richard I., Jr. Thakur, Ganesh A. Malan, T. Phillip, Jr. Porreca, Frank Veerappan, Vijayabaskar Tian, Xiaoyu George, Clifford Parrish, Damon A. Papahatjis, Demetris P. Makriyannis, Alexandros TI Cannabilactones: A novel class of CB2 selective agonists with peripheral analgesic activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; FOS PROTEIN EXPRESSION; CANNABINOID-RECEPTOR; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PAIN BEHAVIOR; MOUSE-BRAIN; RAT MODEL; ACTIVATION AB The identification of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor has provided a novel target for the development of therapeutically useful cannabinergic molecules. We have synthesized benzo[c]chromen-6-one analogs possessing high affinity and selectivity for this receptor. These novel compounds are structurally related to cannabinol (6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol), a natural constituent of cannabis with modest CB2 selectivity. Key pharmacophoric features of the new selective agonists include a 3-(1',1'-dimethylheptyl) side chain and a 6-oxo group on the cannabinoid tricyclic structure that characterizes this class of compounds as "cannabilactones." Our results suggest that the six-membered lactone pharmacophore is critical for CB2 receptor selectivity. Optimal receptor subtype selectivity of 490-fold and subnanomolar affinity for the CB2 receptor is exhibited by a 9-hydroxyl analog 5 (AM1714), while the 9-methoxy analog 4b (AM1710) had a 54-fold CB2 selectivity. X-ray. crystallography and molecular modeling show the cannabilactones to have a planar ring conformation. In vitro testing revealed that the novel compounds are CB2 agonists, while in vivo testing of cannabilactones 4b and 5 found them to possess potent peripheral analgesic activity. C1 [Khanolkar, Atmaram D.; Lu, Dai; Duclos, Richard I., Jr.; Thakur, Ganesh A.; Veerappan, Vijayabaskar; Tian, Xiaoyu; Makriyannis, Alexandros] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ibrahim, Mohab; Malan, T. Phillip, Jr.; Porreca, Frank] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Pharmacol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [George, Clifford; Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Papahatjis, Demetris P.] Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Organ & Pharmaceut Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. RP Makriyannis, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, 116 Mugar Hall,360 Huntingdon Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM a.makriyannis@neu.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-0355, DA-7215, DA-9158, DA-3801, DA-152] NR 59 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 26 BP 6493 EP 6500 DI 10.1021/jm070441u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 244DE UT WOS:000251845400010 PM 18038967 ER PT J AU Ajello, JM Stevens, MH Stewart, I Larsen, K Esposito, L Colwell, J McClintock, W Holsclaw, G Gustin, J Pryor, W AF Ajello, Joseph M. Stevens, Michael H. Stewart, Ian Larsen, Kristopher Esposito, Larry Colwell, Josh McClintock, William Holsclaw, Greg Gustin, Jacques Pryor, Wayne TI Titan airglow spectra from Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS): EUV analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; EUV EMISSION; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; N-2; NITROGEN; ATMOSPHERE; BAND; PREDISSOCIATION; DISSOCIATION AB We present the first UV airglow observations of Titan's atmosphere by the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) on Cassini. Using one spectral channel in the EUV from 561-1182 angstrom and one in the FUV from 1115-1913 angstrom, UVIS observed the disk on 13 December, 2004 at low solar activity. The EUV spectrum consists of three band systems of N(2) (b (1)Pi(u), b' (1)Sigma(+)(u), c'(4) (1)Sigma(+)(u) -> X(1)Sigma(+)(g)), while the FUV spectrum consists of one (a (1)Pi(g) -> X (1)Sigma(+)(g)). Both the EUV and FUV spectra contain many NI and N II multiplets that are produced primarily by photodissociative ionization. Spectral intensities of the N(2) c'(4) (1)Sigma(+)(u)(v' = 0) -> X (1)Sigma(+)(g)(v '' = 0 - 2) progression from 950 - 1010 angstrom are resolved for the first time. The UVIS observations reveal that the c'(4) (1)Sigma(+)(u)(0) -> X(1)Sigma(+)(g) (0) vibrational band near 958 angstrom is weak and undetectable, and that N I multiplets near 953.2 and 964.5 angstrom are present instead. Magnetospheric particle excitation may be weak or sporadic, since the nightside EUV spectrum on this orbit shows no observable nitrogen emission features and only H Ly-beta. C1 [Ajello, Joseph M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stewart, Ian; Larsen, Kristopher; Esposito, Larry; Colwell, Josh; McClintock, William; Holsclaw, Greg; Gustin, Jacques] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Pryor, Wayne] Cent Arizona Coll, Dept Sci, Coolidge, AZ 85228 USA. [Stevens, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ajello, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jajello@mail.jpl.nasa.gov OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24204 DI 10.1029/2007GL031555 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NC UT WOS:000252012700005 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Daffer, WH Zawodny, JM Bernath, PF Hoppel, KW Walker, KA Knosp, BW Boone, C Remsberg, EE Santee, ML Harvey, VL Pawson, S Jackson, DR Deaver, L McElroy, CT McLinden, CA Drummond, JR Pumphrey, HC Lambert, A Schwartz, MJ Froidevaux, L McLeod, S Takacs, LL Suarez, MJ Trepte, CR Cuddy, DC Livesey, NJ Harwood, RS Waters, JW AF Manney, Gloria L. Daffer, William H. Zawodny, Joseph M. Bernath, Peter F. Hoppel, Karl W. Walker, Kaley A. Knosp, Brian W. Boone, Chris Remsberg, Ellis E. Santee, Michelle L. Harvey, V. Lynn Pawson, Steven Jackson, David R. Deaver, Lance McElroy, C. Thomas McLinden, Chris A. Drummond, James R. Pumphrey, Hugh C. Lambert, Alyn Schwartz, Michael J. Froidevaux, Lucien McLeod, Sean Takacs, Lawrence L. Suarez, Max J. Trepte, Charles R. Cuddy, David C. Livesey, Nathaniel J. Harwood, Robert S. Waters, Joe W. TI Solar occultation satellite data and derived meteorological products: Sampling issues and comparisons with Aura Microwave Limb Sounder SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; TRACE GAS OBSERVATIONS; II OZONE MEASUREMENTS; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SAGE-II; ARCTIC WINTER; POAM-III; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE AB Derived Meteorological Products (DMPs, including potential temperature, potential vorticity (PV), equivalent latitude (EqL), horizontal winds and tropopause locations) from several meteorological analyses have been produced for the locations and times of measurements taken by several solar occultation instruments and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). MLS and solar occultation data are analyzed using DMPs to illustrate sampling issues that may affect interpretation and comparison of data sets with diverse sampling patterns and to provide guidance regarding the kinds of studies that benefit most from analyzing satellite data in relation to meteorological conditions using the DMPs. Using EqL or PV as a vortex-centered coordinate does not alleviate all sampling problems, including those in studies using "vortex averages'' of solar occultation data and in analyses of localized features (such as polar stratospheric clouds) and other fields that do not correlate well with PV. Using DMPs to view measurements with respect to their air mass characteristics is particularly valuable in studies of transport of long-lived trace gases, polar processing in the winter lower stratosphere, and distributions and transport of O-3 and other trace gases from the upper troposphere through the lower stratosphere. The comparisons shown here demonstrate good agreement between MLS and solar occultation data for O-3, N2O, H2O, HNO3, and HCl; small biases are attributable to sampling effects or are consistent with detailed validation results presented elsewhere in this special section. The DMPs are valuable for many scientific studies and to facilitate validation of noncoincident measurements. C1 [Manney, Gloria L.; Knosp, Brian W.; Santee, Michelle L.; Lambert, Alyn; Schwartz, Michael J.; Froidevaux, Lucien; Cuddy, David C.; Livesey, Nathaniel J.; Waters, Joe W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Manney, Gloria L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Daffer, William H.] Columbus Technol & Serv Inc, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Zawodny, Joseph M.; Remsberg, Ellis E.; Trepte, Charles R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bernath, Peter F.; Walker, Kaley A.; Boone, Chris; McLeod, Sean] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, Peter F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Hoppel, Karl W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Walker, Kaley A.; Drummond, James R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Pawson, Steven; Takacs, Lawrence L.; Suarez, Max J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jackson, David R.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Deaver, Lance] GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [McElroy, C. Thomas; McLinden, Chris A.; Harwood, Robert S.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Drummond, James R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Pumphrey, Hugh C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gloria.l.manney@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X NR 108 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S50 DI 10.1029/2007JD008709 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NK UT WOS:000252013500004 ER PT J AU Li, CH Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Goswami, R Hellberg, CS Jonker, BT Yasar, M Petrou, A AF Li, C. H. Kioseoglou, G. Hanbicki, A. T. Goswami, R. Hellberg, C. S. Jonker, B. T. Yasar, M. Petrou, A. TI Electrical spin injection into the InAs/GaAs wetting layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; BARRIER AB We have used transport measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and polarization dependent photo- and electroluminescence to characterize the InAs/GaAs(001) wetting layer (WL) system. Transport data confirm formation of a two-dimensional electron gas in modulation-doped structures. The optical pumping of the WL in an undoped structure provides a ratio of radiative to spin lifetime (tau(r)/tau(s))similar to 1, which is constant over the measurement range of 10-100 K. We demonstrate efficient spin injection from an Fe Schottky tunnel contact into the WL, and achieve an electron spin polarization of similar to 55% from 5 to 50 K, which decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Li, C. H.; Kioseoglou, G.; Hanbicki, A. T.; Goswami, R.; Hellberg, C. S.; Jonker, B. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yasar, M.; Petrou, A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Li, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cli@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 26 AR 262504 DI 10.1063/1.2827585 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DJ UT WOS:000251987400027 ER PT J AU Huang, JYT Xu, DP Park, JH Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Song, X Babcock, SE Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Huang, J. Y. T. Xu, D. P. Park, J. H. Mawst, L. J. Kuech, T. F. Song, X. Babcock, S. E. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Characteristics of strained GaAs1-ySby (0.16 <= y <= 0.69) quantum wells on InP substrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BAND PARAMETERS; GAASSB; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS0.5SB0.5; MECHANISMS; OFFSETS; LAYERS AB Pseudomorphic GaAs1-ySby quantum wells with 0.16 <= y <= 0.69 on (001) InP substrates have been grown using metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. High resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis are used to quantify the layer thicknesses and compositions. Studies of the optical properties suggest that a transition from type-I to type-II band alignment occurs at an antimony concentration of approximately y = 0.30. The interband optical transition energies simulated using a ten-band k center dot p Hamiltonian are compared with the experimental values deduced from photoluminescence spectroscopy. The valence band offset bowing parameter is evaluated in the context of the experimental transition energies. For low Sb-contents, reasonable agreement (< 7% deviation) is achieved between theory and experiment for the primary optical transitions. However, at higher Sb-content, there is significant deviation between the measured transition energies and the k center dot p based theory, possibly a result of a non-ideal interface and/or heterogeneous ternary well. C1 [Huang, J. Y. T.; Xu, D. P.; Park, J. H.; Mawst, L. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kuech, T. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, JYT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7656 EP 7661 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/24/010 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 243LK UT WOS:000251798100011 ER PT J AU Petukhov, AG Zutic, I Erwin, SC AF Petukhov, A. G. Zutic, Igor Erwin, Steven C. TI Thermodynamics of carrier-mediated magnetism in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FERROMAGNETISM AB We propose a model of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in semiconductors that accounts for the temperature dependence of the carriers. The model permits analysis of the thermodynamic stability of competing magnetic states, opening the door to the construction of magnetic phase diagrams. As an example, we analyze the stability of a possible reentrant ferromagnetic semiconductor, in which increasing temperature leads to an increased carrier density such that the enhanced exchange coupling between magnetic impurities results in the onset of ferromagnetism as temperature is raised. C1 [Petukhov, A. G.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Zutic, Igor] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petukhov, AG (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 25 AR 257202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.257202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244TB UT WOS:000251887100057 PM 18233554 ER PT J AU Bellenoit, H AF Bellenoit, Hayden TI East India Company (Miles Ogborn's 'Indian ink') SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Bellenoit, Hayden] USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bellenoit, H (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 IS 5464-5 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 245GT UT WOS:000251923800009 ER PT J AU Taylor, GB Healey, SE Helmboldt, JF Tremblay, S Fassnacht, CD Walker, RC Sjouwerman, LO Pearson, TJ Readhead, ACS Weintraub, L Gehrels, N Romani, RW Michelson, PF Blandford, RD Cotter, G AF Taylor, G. B. Healey, S. E. Helmboldt, J. F. Tremblay, S. Fassnacht, C. D. Walker, R. C. Sjouwerman, L. O. Pearson, T. J. Readhead, A. C. S. Weintraub, L. Gehrels, N. Romani, R. W. Michelson, P. F. Blandford, R. D. Cotter, G. TI Characteristics of EGRET blazars in the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys; techniques : image processing ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LINE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRUM RADIO-SOURCES; GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; RELATIVISTIC JETS; DETECTED QUASARS; MULTIEPOCH; CATALOG AB We examine the radio properties of EGRET-detected blazars observed as part of the VLBA Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS). VIPS has a flux limit roughly an order of magnitude below the MOJAVE survey and most other samples that have been used to study the properties of EGRET blazars. At lower flux levels, radio flux density does not directly correlate with gamma-ray flux density. We do find that the EGRET-detected blazars tend to have higher brightness temperatures, greater core fractions, and possibly larger than average jet opening angles. A weak correlation is also found with jet length and with polarization. All of the well-established trends can be explained by systematically larger Doppler factors in the gamma-ray-loud blazars, consistent with the measurements of higher apparent velocities found in monitoring programs carried out at radio frequencies above 10 GHz. C1 [Taylor, G. B.; Tremblay, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Healey, S. E.; Romani, R. W.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fassnacht, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Walker, R. C.; Sjouwerman, L. O.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Pearson, T. J.; Readhead, A. C. S.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blandford, R. D.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Cotter, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Taylor, GB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tremblay, Steven/C-1617-2013; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015 OI Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1355 EP 1364 DI 10.1086/523264 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600024 ER PT J AU Weiler, KW Williams, CL Panagia, N Stockdale, CJ Kelley, MT Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Marcaide, JM AF Weiler, Kurt W. Williams, Christopher L. Panagia, Nino Stockdale, Christopher J. Kelley, Matthew T. Sramek, Richard A. Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Marcaide, J. M. TI Long-term radio monitoring of SN 1993J SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 3031, M81); radio continuum : stars; stars : mass loss; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1993J) ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SYNCHROTRON SELF-ABSORPTION; GAMMA-RAY BURST; IB SUPERNOVAE; EMISSION; SN-1993J; VLBI; M81; DECELERATION; EXPANSION AB We present our extensive observations of the radio emission from supernova (SN) 1993J, in M81 (NGC 3031), made with the Very Large Array, at 90, 20, 6, 3.6, 2, 1.2, and 0.7 cm, as well as numerous measurements from other telescopes and at other wavelengths. The combined data set constitutes probably the most detailed set of measurements ever established for any SN outside of the Local Group in any wavelength range. The radio emission evolves regularly in both time and frequency, and the usual interpretation in terms of shock interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM) formed by a pre-supernova stellar wind describes the observations rather well. However, (1) The highest frequency measurements at 85-110 GHz at early times (<40 days) are not well fitted by the parameterization which describes the centimeter wavelength measurements. (2) At midcentimeter wavelengths there is often deviation from the fitted radio light curves. ( 3) At a time similar to 3100 days after shock breakout, the decline rate of the radio emission steepens from (t(+beta)) beta similar to -0.7 to -2.7 without change in the spectral index (nu(+alpha);alpha similar to -81); however, this decline is best described not as a power-law, but as an exponential decay with an e-folding time of similar to 1100 days. (4) The best overall fit to all of the data is a model including both nonthermal synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) and thermal free-free absorbing (FFA) components at early times, evolving to a constant spectral index, optically thin decline rate until the break. (5) The radio and X-ray light curves display quite similar behavior and both suggest a sudden increase in the supernova progenitor mass-loss rate occurred at similar to 8000 yr prior to shock breakout. C1 [Weiler, Kurt W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Williams, Christopher L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stockdale, Christopher J.; Kelley, Matthew T.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. [Sramek, Richard A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Van Dyk, Schuyler D.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marcaide, J. M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurt.weiler@nrl.navy.mil; clmw@mit.edu; panagia@stsci.edu; christopher.stockdale@mu.edu; matthew.kelley@mu.edu; dsramek@nrao.edu; vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu; j.m.marcaide@uv.es OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP 1959 EP 1980 DI 10.1086/523258 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AN UT WOS:000253331600069 ER PT J AU Feng, L Inhester, B Solanki, SK Wiegelmann, T Podlipnik, B Howard, RA Wuelser, JP AF Feng, L. Inhester, B. Solanki, S. K. Wiegelmann, T. Podlipnik, B. Howard, R. A. Wuelser, J. -P. TI First stereoscopic coronal loop reconstructions from STEREO SECCHI images SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; techniques : image processing ID MAGNETIC STEREOSCOPY; OSCILLATIONS; TRACE AB We present the first reconstruction of the three-dimensional shape of magnetic loops in an active region from two different vantage points based on simultaneously recorded images. The images were taken by the two EUVI telescopes of the SECCHI instrument on board the recently launched STEREO spacecraft when the heliocentric separation of the two space probes was 12 degrees. We demonstrate that these data allow us to obtain a reliable three-dimensional reconstruction of sufficiently bright loops. The result is compared with field lines derived from a coronal magnetic field model extrapolated from a photospheric magnetogram recorded nearly simultaneously by SOHO MDI. We attribute discrepancies between reconstructed loops and extrapolated field lines to the inadequacy of the linear force-free field model used for the extrapolation. C1 [Feng, L.; Inhester, B.; Solanki, S. K.; Wiegelmann, T.; Podlipnik, B.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Feng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wuelser, J. -P.] Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Feng, L (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Solanki, Sami/E-2487-2013; Feng, Li/G-2100-2015 OI Solanki, Sami/0000-0002-3418-8449; NR 15 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 2 BP L205 EP L208 DI 10.1086/525525 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XW UT WOS:000255231700030 ER PT J AU Demirel, MC Cetinkaya, M Singh, A Dressick, WJ AF Demirel, Melik C. Cetinkaya, Murat Singh, Alok Dressick, Walter J. TI Noncovalent deposition of nanoporous ni membranes on spatially organized poly(p-xylylene) film templates SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NICKEL; GROWTH; FABRICATION; MONOLAYERS; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; BINDING AB Nanostructured poly(p-xylylene) thin-film templates are used for Ni deposition. Noncovalent adsorption of metal-binding ligand to a thin film anchors a palladium catalyst and leads to selective metallization. The template facilitates complete control over the morphology and topology of the deposited Ni (see figure). C1 [Demirel, Melik C.; Cetinkaya, Murat] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Singh, Alok; Dressick, Walter J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demirel, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdemirel@engr.psu.edu; wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Cetinkaya, Murat/A-7995-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 17 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 BP 4495 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701063 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 253II UT WOS:000252511500036 ER PT J AU Garces, NY Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Fanton, MA AF Garces, N. Y. Glaser, E. R. Carlos, W. E. Fanton, M. A. TI Behaviour of defects in semi-insulating 4H-SiC after ultra-high temperature anneal treatments SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE group IV and compounds; experiment; magnetic resonance; photoluminescence ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We have recently explored the nature and stability of native defects in SI 4H-SiC after post-growth anneals between 1000 and 1800 degrees C from combined electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and low-temperature infrared photoluminescence (PL) experiments. In the present work we have extended these studies to SI 4H-SiC subjected to very high post-growth anneal temperatures (1900-2400 degrees C) where significantly enhanced carrier lifetimes have been recently reported for such conditions. Previously, the intensities of the V-C, V-Si, V-C-V-Si and SI-5 EPR decreased monotonically with anneals from 1200 to 1800 degrees C. In this work, surprisingly, many of these defects reappeared after annealing at 2100 degrees C and above. Similar annealing behavior was observed for the IR PL lines. Many defects are present during growth and these results illustrate the effects of the post-growth anneal treatments on their concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garces, N. Y.; Glaser, E. R.; Carlos, W. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fanton, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, TX USA. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garces@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.117 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000018 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Murthy, M Freitas, JA Storm, DF Zhou, L Smith, DJ AF Glaser, E. R. Murthy, M. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Storm, D. F. Zhou, L. Smith, D. J. TI Optical and magnetic resonance studies of Mg-doped GaN homoepitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM DE III-nitrides and compounds; doping; magnetic resonance; photoluminescence ID LUMINESCENCE AB Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) at 24 GHz have been performed on a series of MBE-grown Mg-doped (10(17)-10(20-)cm(-3)) GaN homoepitaxial layers. High-resolution PL at 5K revealed intense bandedge emission with narrow linewidths (0.2-0.4meV) attributed to annihilation of excitons bound to shallow Mg acceptors. In contrast to many previous reports for GaN heteroepitaxial layers doped with [Mg] > 3 x 10(18)cm(-3), the only visible PL observed was strong shallow donor-shallow acceptor recombination with zero phonon line at 3.27 eV. Most notably, ODMR on this emission from a sample doped with [Mg] of 1 x 10(17)cm(-3) revealed the first evidence for the highly anisotropic g-tensor (g(parallel to)similar to 2.19, g(perpendicular to)similar to 0) expected for Mg shallow acceptors in wurtzite GaN. This result is attributed to the much reduced dislocation densities (<= 5 x 10(6) cm(-3)) and Mg impurity concentrations compared to those characteristic of the more conventional investigated Mg-doped GaN heteroepitaxial layers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glaser, E. R.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Storm, D. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Murthy, M.] George Mason Univ, Dept ECE, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhou, L.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM glaser@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 401 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.179 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246XF UT WOS:000252041000077 ER PT J AU Vaughan, K Del Crew, J Hermanson, G Wloch, MK Riffenburgh, RH Smith, CR Van Bonn, WG AF Vaughan, Kerrie Del Crew, Jason Hermanson, Gary Wloch, Mary K. Riffenburgh, Robert H. Smith, Cynthia R. Van Bonn, William G. TI A DNA vaccine against dolphin morbillivirus is immunogenic in bottlenose dolphins SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE morbillivirus; DNA vaccine and dolphin ID VIRUS FUSION PROTEIN; T-CELL RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE EPITOPE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MARINE MAMMALS; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION; INFECTION; EFFICACY; SHEEP AB The immunization of exotic species presents considerable challenges. Nevertheless, for facilities like zoos, animal parks, government facilities and non-profit conservation groups, the protection of valuable and endangered species from infectious disease is a growing concern. The rationale for immunization in these species parallels that for human and companion animals; to decrease the incidence of disease. The U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, in collaboration with industry and academic partners, has developed and evaluated a DNA vaccine targeting a marine viral pathogen - dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). The DMV vaccine consists of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) genes of DMV. Vaccine constructs (pVR-DMV-F and pVR-DMV-H) were evaluated for expression in vitro and then for immunogenicity in mice. Injection protocols were designed for application in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to balance vaccine effectiveness with clinical utility. Six dolphins were inoculated, four animals received both pDMV-F and pDMV-H and two animals received a mock vaccine (vector alone). All animals received an inoculation week 0, followed by two booster injections weeks 8 and 14. Vaccine-specific immune responses were documented in all four vaccinated animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogen-specific immunogenicity to a DNA vaccine in an aquatic mammal species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci, Res Natl Res Council, San Diego, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA USA. US Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. SPAWARSYSCEN, US Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP Vaughan, K (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Res Natl Res Council, San Diego, CA USA. EM kvaughan@liai.org OI Van Bonn, William/0000-0001-5309-3595 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.036 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 237UR UT WOS:000251402400019 PM 17706293 ER PT J AU Carollo, D Beers, TC Lee, YS Chiba, M Norris, JE Wilhelm, R Sivarani, T Marsteller, B Munn, JA Bailer-Jones, CAL Fiorentin, PR York, DG AF Carollo, Daniela Beers, Timothy C. Lee, Young Sun Chiba, Masashi Norris, John E. Wilhelm, Ronald Sivarani, Thirupathi Marsteller, Brian Munn, Jeffrey A. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Fiorentin, Paola Re York, Donald G. TI Two stellar components in the halo of the Milky Way SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; METAL-POOR STARS; ABSOLUTE PROPER MOTIONS; GALACTIC HALO; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; GALAXY FORMATION; DISK FORMATION; 1ST STARS; KINEMATICS AB The halo of the Milky Way provides unique elemental abundance and kinematic information on the first objects to form in the Universe, and this information can be used to tightly constrain models of galaxy formation and evolution. Although the halo was once considered a single component, evidence for its dichotomy has slowly emerged in recent years from inspection of small samples of halo objects. Here we show that the halo is indeed clearly divisible into two broadly overlapping structural components - an inner and an outer halo - that exhibit different spatial density profiles, stellar orbits and stellar metallicities ( abundances of elements heavier than helium). The inner halo has a modest net prograde rotation, whereas the outer halo exhibits a net retrograde rotation and a peak metallicity one- third that of the inner halo. These properties indicate that the individual halo components probably formed in fundamentally different ways, through successive dissipational ( inner) and dissipationless ( outer) mergers and tidal disruption of proto- Galactic clumps. C1 INAF, Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Study Cosm Evolut, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Carollo, D (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. EM carollo@mso.anu.edu.au OI Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475 NR 48 TC 308 Z9 309 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7172 BP 1020 EP 1025 DI 10.1038/nature06460 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240HY UT WOS:000251579900074 PM 18075581 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Keller, TM Qadri, SB AF Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. Qadri, Syed B. TI Direct conversion of highly aromatic phthalonitrile thermosetting resins into carbon nanotube containing solids SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE phthalonitrile; carbon nanotube; curing ID IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; STATE SYNTHESIS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPLEXES AB A method for the in situ synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a bulk solid composition from the pyrolysis of a mixture formulated from Co-2(CO)(8) and various high temperature phthalonitrile resins is presented. Carbon nanotube containing compositions in various forms (solid, fiber, and film) can be readily fabricated by this method utilizing slight modifications to the standard resin processing techniques. The formation of carbon nanotubes occurs during the carbonization process at ambient pressure. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies show the presence of a copious amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the carbonaceous composition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 13 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 26 BP 7484 EP 7489 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.003 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 250GW UT WOS:000252289000007 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Bevilacqua, RM Russell, JM Connor, BJ Lambert, A AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Gomez, R. Michael Hicks, Brian C. Bevilacqua, Richard M. Russell, James M., III Connor, Brian J. Lambert, Alyn TI A comparison of middle atmospheric water vapor as measured by WVMS, EOS-MLS, and HALOE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTROMETER; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL AB We compare middle atmospheric water vapor measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Water Vapor Mm-wave Spectrometer (WVMS), and Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments from 40 to 70 km. The ground-based WVMS measurements shown here were taken at Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) sites at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5 degrees N, 204.4 degrees E), and Lauder, New Zealand (45.0 degrees S, 169.7 degrees E). A comparison of measurements where HALOE, MLS, and WVMS are all available shows that the average HALOE water vapor retrievals are lower than those from MLS at all altitudes from 40 to 70 km and lower than the WVMS retrievals everywhere except above 64 km at Lauder. The average difference between all coincident WVMS and MLS water vapor profiles is within 0.2 ppmv over almost the entire 40-70 km altitude range, both at Lauder and Mauna Loa. The standard deviation of the difference between weekly WVMS retrievals and coincident MLS retrievals is similar to 0.2 ppmv at Mauna Loa and similar to 0.3-0.4 ppmv at Lauder. The interannual correlation between water vapor observed by MLS and WVMS is slightly improved by the use of MLS temperature measurements in the WVMS retrievals. The MLS and WVMS profiles at Mauna Loa show particularly good interannual agreement, including a clear QBO signature. C1 [Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Gomez, R. Michael; Hicks, Brian C.; Bevilacqua, Richard M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Connor, Brian J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S39 DI 10.1029/0007JD008757 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241YJ UT WOS:000251691400001 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Stahlbush, RE Hobart, KD AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Hobart, Karl D. TI Temperature-mediated saturation and current-induced recovery of the V(f) drift in 4H-SiC p-i-n diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULTS; DEFECTS AB 4H-SiC is desirable for high power and temperature electronic applications. However, for bipolar devices, device operation induces Shockley stacking fault (SSF) expansion and a drift in the forward voltage drop (V(f)). Here, we present results showing that the electrically induced SSF expansion and V(f) drift saturate. The saturation voltage is strongly temperature dependent and decreases tenfold at 247 degrees C from 30 degrees C. In heavily faulted diodes, the injection of relatively high currents (< 35A/cm(2)) at elevated temperatures (similar to 245 degrees C) actually induced a partial recovery of the drift. A possible driving force mechanism for SSF expansion based on these results is then presented. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Stahlbush, Robert E.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 24 AR 243509 DI 10.1063/1.2824391 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TM UT WOS:000251678700081 ER PT J AU Di, ZF Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Rossi, F Lee, JK Shao, L Thompson, PE AF Di, Zengfeng Wang, Yongqiang Nastasi, Michael Rossi, Francois Lee, Jung-Kun Shao, Lin Thompson, Phillip E. TI Investigation of stress-induced (100) platelet formation and surface exfoliation in plasma hydrogenated Si SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; CUT AB We have studied the mechanisms underlying stress-induced platelet formation during plasma hydrogenation. The stress is purposely introduced by a buried SiGe stained layer in a Si substrate. During plasma hydrogenation, diffusing H is trapped in the region of the SiGe layer and H platelets are formed. The platelet orientation is controlled by the in-plane compressive stress, which favors nucleation and growth of platelets in the plane of stress and parallel to the substrate surface, and ultimately leads to controlled fracture along the SiGe layer. Also, the Si/SiGe/Si structure is found to be more efficient in utilizing H for platelet formation and growth compared to H ion implanted Si because there are fewer defects to trap H (e.g., V(n)H(m) and I(n)H(m)); therefore, the total H dose needed for layer exfoliation is greatly reduced. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Di, Zengfeng; Wang, Yongqiang; Nastasi, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rossi, Francois] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Lee, Jung-Kun] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Di, ZF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zengfeng@lanl.gov RI di, zengfeng/B-1684-2010; OI Rossi, Francois/0000-0003-3090-1398 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 24 AR 244101 DI 10.1063/1.2822414 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 241TM UT WOS:000251678700089 ER PT J AU Garland, CA Pisano, DJ Williams, JP Guzma, R Castander, FJ Sage, LJ AF Garland, C. A. Pisano, D. J. Williams, J. P. Guzma, R. Castander, F. J. Sage, Leslie J. TI The nature of nearby counterparts to intermediate-redshift luminous compact blue galaxies. III. Interferometric observations of neutral atomic and molecular gas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : starburst ID DWARF ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; POLAR-RING GALAXIES; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; MULTIBAND ANALYSIS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; SCULPTOR GROUP AB We present the results of a Very Large Array (VLA) and Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Wavelength Array (OVRO MMA) follow-up to our single-dish surveys of the neutral atomic and molecular gas in a sample of nearby luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs). These luminous, blue, high surface brightness, starbursting galaxies were selected using criteria similar to those used to define LCBGs at higher redshifts. The surveys were undertaken to study the nature and evolutionary possibilities of LCBGs, using dynamical masses and gas depletion timescales as constraints. Here we present nearly resolved VLA H I maps of four LCBGs, as well as results from the literature for a fifth LCBG. In addition, we present OVRO MMA maps of CO(J = 1-0) in two of these LCBGs. We have used the resolved H I maps to separate the H I emission from target galaxies and their companions to improve the accuracy of our gas and dynamical mass estimates. For this subsample of LCBGs, we find that the dynamical masses measured with the single-dish telescope and interferometer are in agreement. However, we find that we have overestimated the mass of H I in two galaxies by a significant amount, possibly as much as 75%, when compared to the single-dish estimates. These two galaxies have companions within a few arcminutes; we find that our single-dish and interferometric measurements of H I masses are in reasonable agreement for galaxies with more distant companions. Our CO( J = 1-0) maps, despite long integration times, were faint and barely resolved, making analysis difficult, except to verify the central concentration of the molecular gas. The H I velocity fields indicate that all five galaxies are clearly rotating, yet distorted, likely due to recent interactions. Our measurements of the gas and dynamical masses of LCBGs point toward evolution into low-mass galaxies such as dwarf ellipticals, irregulars, and low-mass spirals, consistent with studies of LCBGs at higher redshifts. C1 [Garland, C. A.] Castleton State Coll, Black Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Castleton, VT 05735 USA. [Pisano, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Williams, J. P.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Guzma, R.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Castander, F. J.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Sage, Leslie J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Garland, CA (reprint author), Castleton State Coll, Black Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Castleton, VT 05735 USA. EM catherine.garland@castleton.edu; dpisano@nrao.edu; jpw@ifa.hawaii.edu; guzman@astro.ufl.edu; fjc@ieec.fcr.es; lsage@astro.umd.edu RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009; OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 310 EP 322 DI 10.1086/522514 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400026 ER PT J AU Stockdale, CJ Williams, CL Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Kelley, MT AF Stockdale, Christopher J. Williams, Christopher L. Weiler, Kurt W. Panagia, Nino Sramek, Richard A. Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Kelley, Matthew T. TI The radio evolution of SN 2001gd SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC5033); radio continuum : stars; supernovae : individual (SN 2001gd) ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; EMISSION; SUPERNOVAE; NGC-5033 AB We present the results of observations of the radio emission from SN 2001gd in NGC5033 from 2002 February 8 through 2006 September 25. The data were obtained using the VLA at wavelengths of 1.3 cm (22.4 GHz), 2 cm (14.9 GHz), 3.6 cm (8.4 GHz), 6 cm (4.9 GHz), and 20 cm (1.5 GHz), with one upper limit at 90 cm (0.3 GHz). In addition, one detection has been provided by the GMRT at 21 cm (1.4 GHz). SN 2001gd was discovered in the optical well past maximum light, so that it was not possible to obtain many of the early radio "turn-on'' measurements that are important for estimating the local CSM properties. Only at 20 cm were turn-on data available. However, our analysis and fitting of the radio light curves, along with the assumption that the Type IIb SN 2001gd resembles the much better studied Type IIb SN 1993J, enables us to describe the radio evolution as being very regular through day similar to 550 and consistent with a nonthermal-emitting model with a thermal absorbing CSM. The presence of SSA at early times is implied by the data, but determination of the exact relationship between the SSA component from the emitting region and the free-free absorption component from the CSM is not possible, as there are insufficient early measurements to distinguish between models. After day similar to 550, the radio emission exhibits a dramatically steeper decline rate, which, assuming similarity to SN1993J, can be described as an exponential decrease with an e-folding time of 500 days. We interpret this abrupt change in the radio flux density decline rate as implying a transition of the shock front into a more tenuous region of circumstellar material. A similar change in radio evolution has been seen earlier in other SNe, such as SN 1988Z, SN 1980K, and SN 1993J. C1 [Stockdale, Christopher J.; Kelley, Matthew T.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. [Williams, Christopher L.; Weiler, Kurt W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sramek, Richard A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Van Dyk, Schuyler D.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stockdale, CJ (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53214 USA. EM christopher.stockdale@mu.edu; clmw@mit.edu; kurt.weiler@nrl.navy.mil; panagia@stsci.edu; dsramek@nrao.edu; vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu; matthew.kelley@mu.edu OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1086/522584 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400057 ER PT J AU Uzzo, M Strachan, L Vourlidas, A AF Uzzo, M. Strachan, L. Vourlidas, A. TI The physical properties of coronal streamers. II. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona ID SOLAR-WIND; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; OUTFLOW VELOCITIES; SPECTROMETER; SOHO; REGION; LINES; TEMPERATURE; MINIMUM; SPECTRA AB In this paper the plasma properties of three streamers observed in 2003 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) are presented for five heights from 1.75 to 5.0 R.. The kinetic temperatures for protons (T-k,T-p) and the O5+ ions (T-k,T-O) are derived as a function of height with preferential heating of O5+ over protons recorded. By examining how T-k,T-p varies with latitude at each height, an idea of the magnetic field morphology is found. At 1.75 R. the elemental abundances (O, S, Ar, and Fe), electron temperature, and electron density are derived from the UV spectral data. All three streamers were quiescent with typical abundance values; however, no depleted cores were found. The first ionization potential (FIP) effect was detected for all three streamers with a bias of similar to 4. This is consistent with slow solar wind in situ measurements, thereby supporting the hypothetical connection between the two. All three streamers had a higher than expected electron temperature. The electron densities above 1.75 R. are derived from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 polarized brightness data. Estimates for the O5+ outflow velocities are obtained using the O VI lambda 1032 over lambda 1037 intensity ratios and the estimated electron densities. All three streamers showed evidence of significant outflows at 4.0 and 5.0 R.. C1 [Uzzo, M.; Strachan, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uzzo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 912 EP 925 DI 10.1086/522909 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400079 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Warren, HP Wang, YM AF Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Warren, H. P. Wang, Y. -M. TI A streamer ejection with reconnection close to the sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA; OUTER CORONA; MAGNETOTAIL; MODELS; ORIGIN; FLUX AB We previously described coronal events that expand gradually outward over an interval of 1-2 days and then suddenly tear apart in the coronagraph's 2Y6 R. field of view to form an outgoing flux rope and an inward system of collapsing loops. Now, we combine LASCO white-light images of the outer corona with spectrally resolved EIT images of the inner corona to describe a similar event for which the separation occurs closer to the Sun. The evolution of this 2006 July 1-2 event had four phases: (1) an expansion phase in which magnetic loops rise slowly upward and increase the amount of open flux in the adjacent polar coronal hole and in the low-latitude hole of opposite polarity; (2) a stretching phase in which the legs of the rising loops pinch together to form a current sheet; (3) a transition phase in which field line reconnection produces an outgoing flux rope and a hot cusp of new loops; and (4) an end phase in which the reconnected loops become visible at lower temperatures, and the outgoing flux rope plows through the slow material ahead of it to form a traveling bow wave. During this time, the photospheric field was relatively weak and unchanging, as if the eruption had a nonmagnetic origin. We suppose that coronal heating gradually overpowers magnetic tension and causes the streamer to separate into a system of collapsing loops and a flux rope that is carried outward in the solar wind. C1 [Sheeley, N. R., Jr.; Warren, H. P.; Wang, Y. -M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 926 EP 935 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400080 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK DeVore, CR Karpen, JT Mikic, Z AF Antiochos, S. K. DeVore, C. R. Karpen, J. T. Mikic, Z. TI Structure and dynamics of the sun's open magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; SOLAR CORONA; ACTIVE-REGION; WIND STREAMS; RECONNECTION; INTERPLANETARY; HOLES; TOPOLOGY; MODEL AB The solar magnetic field is the primary agent that drives solar activity and couples the Sun to the heliosphere. Although the details of this coupling depend on the quantitative properties of the field, many important aspects of the corona-solar wind connection can be understood by considering only the general topological properties of those regions on the Sun where the field extends from the photosphere out to interplanetary space, the so-called open field regions that are usually observed as coronal holes. From the simple assumptions that underlie the standard quasi-steady corona-wind theoretical models, and that are likely to hold for the Sun as well, we derive two conjectures as to the possible structure and dynamics of coronal holes: (1) coronal holes are unique in that every unipolar region on the photosphere can contain at most one coronal hole, and (2) coronal holes of nested polarity regions must themselves be nested. Magnetic reconnection plays the central role in enforcing these constraints on the field topology. From these conjectures we derive additional properties for the topology of open field regions, and propose several observational predictions for both the slowly varying and transient corona/solar wind. C1 [Antiochos, S. K.; DeVore, C. R.; Karpen, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mikic, Z.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 77 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 671 IS 1 BP 936 EP 946 DI 10.1086/522489 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265AL UT WOS:000253331400081 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Volino, R. J. Schultz, M. P. Flack, K. A. TI Turbulence structure in rough- and smooth-wall boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE VELOCIMETRY MEASUREMENTS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; CHANNEL FLOW; LARGE-SCALE; VORTEX PACKETS; PIPE-FLOW; HYPOTHESIS; VORTICES; FIELDS; REGION AB Turbulence measurements for rough-wall boundary layers are presented and compared to those for a smooth wall. The rough-wall experiments were made on a woven mesh surface at Reynolds numbers approximately equal to those for the smooth wall. Fully rough conditions were achieved. The present work focuses on turbulence structure, as documented through spectra of the fluctuating velocity components, swirl strength, and two-point auto- and cross-correlations of the fluctuating velocity and swirl. The present results are in good agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the turbulence structure for smooth-wall boundary layers documented in the literature. The boundary layer is characterized by packets of hairpin vortices which induce low-speed regions with regular spanwise spacing. The same types of structure are observed for the rough- and smooth-wall flows. When the measured quantities are normalized using outer variables, some differences are observed, but quantitative similarity, in large part, holds. The present results support and help to explain the previously documented outer-region similarity in turbulence statistics between smooth- and rough-wall boundary layers. C1 [Volino, R. J.; Flack, K. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schultz, M. P.] USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 41 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 592 BP 263 EP 293 DI 10.1017/S0022112007008518 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 245PX UT WOS:000251948800013 ER PT J AU Gondarenko, NA Ossakow, SL Milikh, GM AF Gondarenko, N. A. Ossakow, S. L. Milikh, G. M. TI Comment on "Simulation study of the interaction between large-amplitude HF radio waves and the ionosphere'' by B. Eliasson and B. Thide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gondarenko, NA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect Appl Phys, Energy Res Bldg 223, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ngondare@umd.edu; ossakow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; milikh@astro.umd.edu OI Thide, Bo/0000-0001-7086-8049 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23104 DI 10.1029/2007GL030997 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 239NI UT WOS:000251524600003 ER PT J AU Lambert, A Read, WG Livesey, NJ Santee, ML Manney, GL Froidevaux, L Wu, DL Schwartz, MJ Pumphrey, HC Jimenez, C Nedoluha, GE Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Fuller, RA Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Pickett, HM Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA Waters, JW Jucks, KW Toon, GC Stachnik, RA Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Urban, J Murtagh, D Elkins, JW Atlas, E AF Lambert, A. Read, W. G. Livesey, N. J. Santee, M. L. Manney, G. L. Froidevaux, L. Wu, D. L. Schwartz, M. J. Pumphrey, H. C. Jimenez, C. Nedoluha, G. E. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Fuller, R. A. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Pickett, H. M. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. Waters, J. W. Jucks, K. W. Toon, G. C. Stachnik, R. A. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Urban, J. Murtagh, D. Elkins, J. W. Atlas, E. TI Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder middle atmosphere water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EOS MLS; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENTS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; PROFILES C1 CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lambert, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012 OI Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X NR 50 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S36 DI 10.1029/2007JD008724 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239OA UT WOS:000251526400001 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VA Prokes, SM AF Bermudez, V. A. Prokes, S. M. TI Infrared spectroscopy and surface chemistry of beta-Ga2O3 nanoribbons SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GALLIUM OXIDE NANOWIRES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; METHANOL ADSORPTION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; GAMMA-ALUMINA; GAS SENSORS; THIN-FILMS; GA2O3 AB The structure and surface chemistry of crystalline beta-Ga2O3 nanoribbons (NRs), deposited in a thin layer on various metallic and dielectric substrates (mainly on Au), have been characterized using vibrational spectroscopy. The results have been analyzed with the aid of a previous ab initio theoretical model for the beta-Ga2O3 surface structure. Raman spectra and normal-incidence infrared (IR) transmission data show little if any difference from corresponding results for bulk single crystals. For a layer formed on a metallic substrate, IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) shows longitudinal-optic (LO) modes that are red-shifted by similar to 37 cm(-1) relative to those of a bulk crystal. Evidence is also seen for a bonding interaction at the Ga2O3/Au interface following heating in room air. Polarization-modulated IRRAS has been used to study the adsorption of pyridine under steady-state conditions in ambient pressures as high as similar to 5 Torr. The characteristic nu(19b) and nu(8a) modes of adsorbed pyridine exhibit little or no shift from the corresponding gas-phase values. This indicates that the surface is only weakly acidic, consistent with the theoretical prediction that singly unsaturated octahedral Ga sites are the only reactive cation sites on the NR surface. However, evidence for adsorption at defect sites is seen in the form of more strongly shifted modes that saturate in intensity at low pyridine coverage. The effect of H atoms, formed by thermal cracking of H-2, has also been studied. No Ga-H or O-H bonds are observed on the pristine NR surface. This suggests that the previously reported presence of such species on Ga2O3 powders heated in H2 is a result of a partial reduction of the oxide surface. The heat of adsorption of atomic H on the pristine beta-Ga2O3(100) surface at 0 K is computed to be -1.79 eV per H at saturation (average of Ga-H and O-H sites), whereas a value of +0.45 eV per H is found for the dissociative adsorption of H2. This suggests that rapid recombinative desorption of H-2 may limit the coverage of chemisorbed H on this surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 4 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 25 BP 12566 EP 12576 DI 10.1021/la7021648 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 235OS UT WOS:000251244800018 PM 17973507 ER PT J AU Mahadik, NA Qadri, SB Rao, MV AF Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. Qadri, Syed B. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Double-crystal x-ray topography of freestanding HVPE grown n-type GaN SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE freestanding GaN; X-ray diffraction; topography; elasticity ID DISLOCATIONS; DIFFRACTION; FILMS AB High-resolution X-ray topography (HRXT) and rocking curve measurements were performed on unintentionally doped, freestanding HVPE grown n-type Gallium Nitride (GaN). Based on the rocking curve widths, the dislocation density is estimated to be in the range of 10(5)-10(7)/cm(2), and the lower limit of average crystallite sizes to be 340-500 nm normal to the surface of the film. The lateral dimensions of crystallites and cavities were obtained from HRXT images, and are estimated to be in 200-500 nm, and 0.5-400 mu m ranges, respectively. Although the GaN films are freestanding, they are warped with a radius of curvature of about 0.5 m, as determined from topographic measurements. The warpage is attributed to thermal mismatch between GaN and the substrate during growth. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mahadik, Nadeemullah A.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 516 IS 2-4 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.136 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 246WD UT WOS:000252037500025 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Holtz, RL Rupich, MW Zhang, W Spanos, G AF Goswami, R. Holtz, R. L. Rupich, M. W. Zhang, W. Spanos, G. TI Effect of holmium additions on microstructure in YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; rare earth additions; superconductors; microstructure; electron microscopy ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; QUASI-MULTILAYERS; YBCO FILMS; DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DEFECTS; YBA2(CU1-XFEX)3O7-DELTA; NANOPARTICLES AB The microstructure of Y-Ho-Ba-Cu-O samples with two different levels of Ho, Ho/Y = 0.5 and 1.0, processed by the trifluoroacetate metalorganic deposition process, have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including high-resolution TEM, conventional TEM and fine-probe energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Oxide nanoparticles with varying levels of Ho have been characterized in detail, and related to other microstructural features. At a lower level of Ho, the (110) coarse twins with the boundary spacing of 30-60 mm form. Further increase in Ho content considerably produces fine microtwins, and increases the density of nanoparticles and microtwins. Ho additions increase the critical current for the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis, and decrease it for the field parallel to the a-b plane, resulting in a decreased anisotropy of critical current with field angle compared with undoped Y-Ba-Cu-O samples processed under similar conditions. These trends are discussed in terms of the detailed microstructural observations. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goswami, R.; Holtz, R. L.; Spanos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20003 USA. [Rupich, M. W.; Zhang, W.] Amer Superconductor Inc, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goswarm@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 20 BP 6746 EP 6753 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.037 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 241PO UT WOS:000251668500008 ER PT J AU Smith, B Smith, TC Gray, GC Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Gray, Gregory C. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI When epidemiology meets the internet: Web-based surveys in the millennium cohort study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; epidemiologic methods; health surveys; Internet; longitudinal studies; military personnel; questionnaires ID PRIMARY-CARE; MILITARY SERVICE; GULF-WAR; PRIME-MD; POPULATION; HEALTH; VALIDATION; VETERANS; ALCOHOL; UTILITY AB Almost 60% of American households were connected to the Internet in 2001, when the Millennium Cohort Study, the largest longitudinal study ever undertaken by the Department of Defense, was launched. To facilitate survey completion, increase data integrity, and encourage cohort retention while maintaining the highest standards of participant privacy, an online questionnaire was made available on the World Wide Web in addition to a traditional paper questionnaire sent via US mail. Over 50% of 77,047 participants chose to enroll in the study via the Web, affording substantial cost savings to the project. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors compared the demographic and health characteristics of Web responders with those of paper responders. Web responders were slightly more likely to be male, to be younger, to have a high school diploma or college degree, and to work in information technology or another technical occupation. Web responders were more likely to be obese and to smoke more cigarettes and were less likely to be problem alcohol drinkers and to report occupational exposures. Question completion rates were 98.3%, on average, for both Web and paper responders. Web responders provided more complete contact information, including their e-mail addresses. These results demonstrate the value of survey research conducted over the Internet in concert with traditional mail survey strategies. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa.Smith@med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 11 BP 1345 EP 1354 DI 10.1093/aje/kwm212 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 232QN UT WOS:000251034300016 PM 17728269 ER PT J AU Battaglia, MJ Cordasco, FA Hannafin, JA Rodeo, SA O'Brien, SJ Altchek, DW Cavanaugh, J Wickiewicz, TL Warren, RF AF Battaglia, Michael J. Cordasco, Frank A. Hannafin, Jo A. Rodeo, Scott A. O'Brien, Stephen J. Altchek, David W. Cavanaugh, John Wickiewicz, Thomas L. Warren, Russell F. TI Results of revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); graft choice; failure; reinjury; revision anterior cruciate ligament ID TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS; LACHMAN TEST; DRAWER SIGN; RECONSTRUCTION; KNEE; EXPERIENCE; AUTOGRAFTS; ALLOGRAFT; RUPTURES AB Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery remains challenging. Purpose: To analyze the authors' experience with revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery and determine the association between stability and functional results. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between 1991 and 2002, 95 of 102 patients who underwent revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at the authors' institution met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Of those, the 63 (66%) who returned for complete clinical and radiologic evaluation (mean follow-up, 72.7 months) formed the study group. Subjective evaluation focused on return to sports, arthritic symptoms, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee criteria. Clinical evaluation included examination, KT-1000 arthrometer and functional testing, and radiographic analysis of alignment and arthritis. Results: Based on International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores and return to sports, results were rated as excellent/good in 45 patients (71%), fair in 6 (10%), and poor in 12 (19%). A grade IA or IIA Lachman and a KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference of <3 mm (32/63 patients) was associated with a good/excellent result (P < .05). The mechanical axis was midline in 78% (49/63 patients). Radiographic arthritis (16 patients, 25%) was associated with duration of instability after primary failure (P < .03). Return to sports occurred in 59% (37/63 patients). Sixteen patients (25%) required a second revision surgery. Conclusion: Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery allowed approximately 60% of patients to go back to sports, most of them at lower levels than their prerevision function. Instrumented laxity of <3 mm was associated with a better result. Radiographic arthritis was associated with duration of instability symptoms after primary failure. Patients who undergo revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery should be counseled as to the expected outcome and cautioned that this procedure probably represents a salvage situation and may not allow them to return to their desired levels of function. C1 Cornell Univ, Hosp Special Surg, Weill Med Coll, Dept Shoulder & Sports Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Battaglia, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Vars Athlet & Football Team Phys, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ttags@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2057 EP 2066 DI 10.1177/0363546507307391 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 233OY UT WOS:000251101400010 PM 17932401 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Reynolds, MG Karem, K Braden, Z Learned-Orozco, LA Wassa-Wassa, D Moundeli, O Hughes, C Harvey, J Regnery, R Mombouli, JV Damon, IK AF Lederman, Edith R. Reynolds, Mary G. Karem, Kevin Braden, Zachary Learned-Orozco, Lynne A. Wassa-Wassa, Demole Moundeli, Omba Hughes, Christine Harvey, Joseph Regnery, Russell Mombouli, Jean-Vivien Damon, Inger K. TI Prevalence of antibodies against orthopoxviruses among residents of Likouala region, Republic of Congo: Evidence for Monkeypox virus exposure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; COMMUNITY; DISEASE AB Monkeypox virus is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPX) of west and central sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey in Likouala region, Republic of Congo to assess exposure to OPX. Whole blood was collected using Nobuto blood filter strips (NBFS). Titers of IgM and IgG to OPX were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared with serostatus using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate factors for independent association with serostatus. A total of 994 specimens were analyzed; the overall seroprevalence for OPX IgM was 1.7%. Age < 25 years reduced the likelihood of OPX exposure, and persons living in Ngangania village had independently higher odds (odds ratio = 33.5, 95% confidence interval = 7.2-166). Blood collection for serosurveys using NBFS is feasible and practical. Adult activities such as hunting and carcass preparation may play an important role in exposure to Monkeypox virus. C1 [Lederman, Edith R.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Reynolds, Mary G.; Karem, Kevin; Braden, Zachary; Hughes, Christine; Regnery, Russell; Damon, Inger K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med, Buffalo, NY USA. Dist Hlth Off, Impfondo, Congo. Minist Hlth, Pointe Noire, Congo. Pioneer Christian Hosp, Impfondo, Congo. Natl Lab, Brazzaville, Congo. [Wassa-Wassa, Demole; Moundeli, Omba; Mombouli, Jean-Vivien] Marien Ngouabi Univ, Dept Microbiol, Brazzaville, Congo. [Harvey, Joseph] Mission GO Congo, Brazzaville, Congo. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Edith.Lederman@med.navy.mil NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 6 BP 1150 EP 1156 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 248AH UT WOS:000252123200030 PM 18165539 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, TJ Pancrazio, JJ AF O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. Pancrazio, Joseph J. TI Broadband detection of environmental neurotoxicants SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED NEURONAL NETWORKS; CELL-BASED BIOSENSORS; EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; IN-VITRO; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE PHOSPHATE; FISH CHROMATOPHORES; ACTION-POTENTIALS; NEURAL-NETWORKS C1 Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC USA. EM Thomas.oshaughnessy@nrl.navy.mil RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 23 BP 8838 EP 8845 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 236OH UT WOS:000251311900011 ER PT J AU Smith, B Wingard, DL Ryan, MAK Macera, CA Patterson, TL Slymen, DJ AF Smith, Besa Wingard, Deborah L. Ryan, Margaret A. K. Macera, Caroline A. Patterson, Thomas L. Slymen, Donald J. TI US military deployment during 2001-2006: Comparison of subjective and objective data sources in a large prospective health study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health status; Health Surveys; military medicine; military personnel; Veterans ID GULF-WAR; MILLENNIUM COHORT; VETERANS; SF-36; COEFFICIENT; AGREEMENT; PERSONNEL AB PURPOSE: Studies researching service members' health after deployment have relied on self-reported deployment history, although validity of these data remains unknown. This study compared self-reported and electronic deployment data and explored differences in functional health. METHODS: Self-reported and military deployment data were compared for more than 51,000 participants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study (2004-2006). Kappa statistics were used to measure agreement. Analysis of variance was used to assess functional health, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V). RESULTS: Of 51,741 participants who completed the initial deployment question, objective records and self-report agreed in 47,355 (92%). Agreement was substantial for deployment status, frequency, and number of deployments (kappa = 0.81, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively). Deployment start dates agreed within 1 month for 82% of participants confirmed as deployed once. Participants' Mental and Physical Component Summary scores from the SF-36V did not differ by agreement level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate substantial agreement between self-reported and objective deployment information and no clinically meaningful differences in functional health for the small proportion with inconsistent deployment information. These findings should be reassuring to investigators who examine military deployment as a determinant of future health. C1 [Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Smith, Besa; Wingard, Deborah L.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Macera, Caroline A.; Slymen, Donald J.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Patterson, Thomas L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07-102 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 241HE UT WOS:000251646700006 PM 17923418 ER PT J AU Flockhart, GMH Cranch, GA Kirkendall, CK AF Flockhart, Gordon M. H. Cranch, Geoffrey A. Kirkendall, Clay K. TI Rapid characterization of the ultraviolet induced fiber Bragg grating complex coupling coefficient as a function of irradiance and exposure time SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBER; INDEX GROWTH; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA; DESIGN; LIGHT; GLASS AB We report the application of optical frequency domain reflectometry and a discrete-layer-peeling inverse scattering algorithm to the spatial characterization of the UV induced complex coupling coefficient during fiber Bragg grating growth. The fiber grating is rapidly characterized using this technique to give irradiance dependent growth as a function of exposure time, thereby providing the complete characterization of the coupling coefficient in the form of a "growth surface," which is related to the fiber's photosensitivity. We compare measurements of fiber Bragg grating growth in SMF-28 when exposed to continuous wave 244 nm irradiation from 0 to 90 W cm(-2) for exposure times up to 3230 s with a selection of other fibers including high germanium concentration fiber and erbium doped fiber. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Flockhart, Gordon M. H.; Cranch, Geoffrey A.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Kirkendall, Clay K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flockhart, GMH (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM gordon.flockhart@nrl.navy.mil RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 34 BP 8237 EP 8243 DI 10.1364/AO.46.008237 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 283ZB UT WOS:000254673900003 PM 18059662 ER PT J AU Landi, E AF Landi, E. TI Continuum emission in the 1-2000 angstrom range SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; atomic data; Sun : UV radiation; Sun : X-rays; gamma rays; Sun : abundances; stars : abundances ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; SOLAR-FLARE PLASMAS; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL PLASMA; CHIANTI; LINES; ABUNDANCES; RADIATION; IMPROVEMENTS; WAVELENGTHS AB Context. Continuum emission is a fundamental component of the solar and stellar spectra between 1 angstrom and 2000 angstrom and has important applications to plasma diagnostics. However, the importance of X- ray free- bound continuum radiation has been overlooked in recent years, and no assessment of the accuracy of different data and approximations underlying the calculation of continuum emissivity has been carried out to understand the reliability of diagnostic results. Aims. The importance of free- bound radiation in the X- rays will be demonstrated and its effects on plasma diagnostics will be discussed. The importance of user- chosen parameters such as ion and element abundances, necessary to the calculation of continuum emissivity, will be assessed. The uncertainties in the atomic data underlying continuum calculations will be investigated. Methods. We will use the CHIANTI spectral code to investigate the relative importance of the free- free, free- bound and two- photon radiation as a function of wavelength in the 1- 2000 angstrom spectral range, and to assess the effects of user- chosen parameters on the calculation of the continuum emission. A comparison between continuum emissivity of two of the most widely used spectral codes, developed using very different atomic data and approximations, will give us an indication of their reliability. Results. The effects of element abundances and of the neglect of free- bound radiation in the X- rays are shown to be significant, with important consequences for plasma diagnostics results. The total continuum emissivities of the two spectral codes we compared are found to be in agreement to better than 40% at all wavelengths and temperatures of interest, with only a few exceptions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 476 IS 2 BP 675 EP 684 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077929 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 236EE UT WOS:000251285000005 ER PT J AU Boden, AF Torres, G Sargent, AI Akeson, RL Carpenter, JM Boboltz, DA Massi, M Ghez, AM Latham, DW Johnston, KJ Menten, KM Ros, E AF Boden, Andrew F. Torres, Guillermo Sargent, Anneila I. Akeson, Rachel L. Carpenter, John M. Boboltz, David A. Massi, Maria Ghez, Andrea M. Latham, David W. Johnston, Kenneth J. Menten, Karl M. Ros, Eduardo TI Dynamical masses for pre-main-sequence stars: A preliminary physical orbit for V773 Tau A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (V773 Tau); stars : pre-main-sequence ID STANDARD STELLAR LIBRARY; DENSE CLOUD CORES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS; (CO)-O-18 SURVEY; RADIO-EMISSION; V-773 TAURI; 12 BOOTIS; MODELS; AURIGA AB We report on interferometric and radial velocity observations of the double- lined 51 day period binary (A) component of the quadruple pre-main-sequence (PMS) system V773 Tau. With these observations we have estimated preliminary visual and physical orbits of the V773 Tau A subsystem. Among other parameters, our orbit model includes an inclination of 66.0 degrees +/- 2.4 degrees and allows us to infer the component dynamical masses and system distance. In particular, we find component masses of 1.54 +/- 0.14 and 1.332 +/- 0.097M(circle dot) for the Aa (primary) and Ab (secondary) components, respectively. Our modeling of the subsystem component spectral energy distributions finds temperatures and luminosities consistent with previous studies and, coupled with the component mass estimates, allows for comparison with PMS stellar models in the intermediate- mass range. We compare V773 Tau A component properties with several popular solar composition models for intermediate-mass PMS stars. All models predict masses consistent to within 2 sigma of the dynamically determined values, although some models predict values that are more consistent than others. C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Astron & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Boden, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM bode@ipac.caltech.edu OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1086/521296 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300028 ER PT J AU Welsch, BT Abbett, WP DeRosa, ML Fisher, GH Georgoulis, MK Kusano, K Longcope, DW Ravindra, B Schuck, PW AF Welsch, B. T. Abbett, W. P. DeRosa, M. L. Fisher, G. H. Georgoulis, M. K. Kusano, K. Longcope, D. W. Ravindra, B. Schuck, P. W. TI Tests and comparisons of velocity-inversion techniques SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; sun : activity; sun : magnetic fields; sun : photosphere ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES; SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTING FLOW; LOCAL CORRELATION TRACKING; VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS; INDUCTION EQUATION; DYNAMIC EVOLUTION; FIELD PROPERTIES; HELICITY INJECTION AB Recently, several methods that measure the velocity of magnetized plasma from time series of photospheric vector magnetograms have been developed. Velocity fields derived using such techniques can be used both to determine the fluxes of magnetic energy and helicity into the corona, which have important consequences for understanding solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and the solar dynamo, and to drive time-dependent numerical models of coronal magnetic fields. To date, these methods have not been rigorously tested against realistic, simulated data sets, in which the magnetic field evolution and velocities are known. Here we present the results of such tests using several velocity-inversion techniques applied to synthetic magnetogram data sets, generated from anelastic MHD simulations of the upper convection zone with the ANMHD code, in which the velocity field is fully known. Broadly speaking, the MEF, DAVE, FLCT, IM, and ILCT algorithms performed comparably in many categories. While DAVE estimated the magnitude and direction of velocities slightly more accurately than the other methods, MEF's estimates of the fluxes of magnetic energy and helicity were far more accurate than any other method's. Overall, therefore, the MEF algorithm performed best in tests using the ANMHD data set. We note that ANMHD data simulate fully relaxed convection in a high-beta plasma, and therefore do not realistically model photospheric evolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Japan Agency Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Welsch, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM welsch@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Fisher, George/G-1380-2015 OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704 NR 59 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 2 BP 1434 EP 1452 DI 10.1086/522422 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ML UT WOS:000251238300052 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Sausen, KP Potterat, EG Mujica-Parodi, LR Reis, JP Markham, AE Padilla, GA Taylor, DL AF Taylor, Marcus K. Sausen, Kenneth P. Potterat, Eric G. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Reis, Jared P. Markham, Amanda E. Padilla, Genieleah A. Taylor, Deborah L. TI Stressful military training: Endocrine reactivity, performance, and psychological impact SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cortisol; DHEAS; hormones; survival ID PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; DHEA; DISSOCIATION; CORTISOL; SURVIVAL; SYMPTOMS; PTSD AB Introduction: We examined the responsiveness of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to the stress of survival training in military men and evaluated relationships to performance, peritraumatic dissociation, and the subsequent impact of stressful events. Methods: Baseline salivary cortisol samples were self-collected by 19 men at 0900 and 1930 in a free-living (FL) environment. DHEAS samples were also collected in a subset of this sample (N = 12). Samples were subsequently taken at similar time points during a stressful captivity (SC) phase of training. Repeated-measures analyses of variance with follow-up paired t-tests examined differences across time and conditions. Results: Significant increases were observed at both time points (0900 and 1930) from FL to SC in both cortisol (0900: 9.2 +/- 3.4 nmol . L-1 vs. 18.4 +/- 10.5 nmol . L-1; 1930: 3.5 +/- 3.0 nmol . L-1 vs. 27.7 +/- 10.9 nmol . L-1) and DHEAS (0900: 1.7 . 1.3 ng . ml(-1) vs. 6.7 +/- 3.5 ng . ml(-1); 1930: 1.5 +/- 0.84 ng . ml(-1) vs. 4.5 +/- 3.0 ng . ml(-1)). Also, overall performance during a high-intensity captivity-related challenge was inversely related to the DHEAS-cortisol ratio; conversely, overall performance during a low-intensity captivity-related challenge was positively related to DHEAS at the 0900 time point during SC. Dissociation was unrelated to endocrine indices measured during SC, while total impact of events was inversely related to percent change in DHEAS from FL to SC. Conclusions: Cortisol and DHEAS increase in response to allostatic load, and may relate to human performance during SC as well as PTSD symptoms. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Taylor, DL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 162,PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil OI Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne/0000-0002-3752-5519 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1143 EP 1149 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2151.2007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 237EF UT WOS:000251355700008 PM 18064919 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, TJ Hu, JE Kulp, JL Daly, SM Ligler, FS AF O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. Hu, Jenny E. Kulp, John L., III Daly, Susan M. Ligler, Frances S. TI Laser ablation of micropores for formation of artificial planar lipid bilayers SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE lipid bilayer; aperture; laser ablation; ion channel recording ID ION CHANNELS; RECONSTITUTION; MEMBRANES; TEFLON AB Artificial lipid bilayers are a powerful tool for studying synthetic or reconstituted ion channels. Key to forming these lipid bilayers is having a small aperture in a septum separating two solution chambers. Traditional methods of aperture generation involve manually punching the aperture into the septum. While these techniques work, they are difficult to implement reliably and do not produce consistently sized apertures. Presented here is a method of using a UV excimer laser with a nanosecond scale pulse width to laser ablate apertures from 4 to 105 mu m in 20 mu m thick polycarbonate films for use in artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The data demonstrate that the apertures produced by laser ablation are highly reproducible and can support both the formation of stable, long-lasting lipid bilayers as well as the recording of ion channels incorporated into the bilayers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.oshaughnessy@nrl.navy.mil RI Kulp, John/A-7824-2008 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s10544-007-9099-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224QT UT WOS:000250462200011 PM 17574531 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Matney, R Liu, JL Hayhurst, A Goldman, ER AF Anderson, George P. Matney, Russell Liu, Jinny L. Hayhurst, Andrew Goldman, Ellen R. TI Multiplexed fluid array screening of phage displayed anti-ricin single domain antibodies for rapid assessment of specificity SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Phage display is a well-known technique that facilitates the selection of peptides or proteins that bind to a desired target. Using this tool, binding elements contained in the natural immune repertoires of the source animal or from a synthetically generated collection may be selected. The unpaired variable domain of the llama's heavy-chain-only classes of immunoglobulins represents an ideal source of genetic material to create phage display libraries. Initial panning of a semi-synthetic llama library yielded only one binder to the toxin ricin. In an effort to increase the number of monoclonal phage binders selected, the Luminex xMAP technology (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA) was used in addition to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen clonal populations of phage after three rounds of selection. The xMAP technology detected phage displayed single domain antibody (sdAb) bound to ricin immobilized on the surface of microspheres under equilibrium conditions. This enhanced capability led directly, to the identification of additional single domain antibodies of interest. The selected sdAbs were expressed, purified, and then evaluated for their specificity as well as enhanced thermal stability in comparison to conventional immunoglobulin G (IgG). We determined equilibrium dissociation constants and demonstrated their use as effective capture molecules in sandwich immunoassays. C1 [Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hayhurst, Andrew] SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological of Defense (JSTO CBD) Physical Science of Naval and Technology, and the Office of Research; U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government FX This work was supported by a grant from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological of Defense (JSTO CBD) Physical Science of Naval and Technology, and the Office of Research. We also thank BAE Systems for providing use of a Luminex 100. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 806 EP 811 DI 10.2144/000112600 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA V87BX UT WOS:000205886100023 PM 18251258 ER PT J AU Rauber, RM Stevens, B Ochs, HT Knight, C Albrecht, BA Blyth, AM Fairall, CW Jensen, JB Lasher-Trapp, SG Mayol-Bracero, OL Vali, G Anderson, JR Baker, BA Bandy, AR Burnet, E Brenguier, JL Brewer, WA Brown, PRA Chuang, P Cotton, WR Girolamo, LD Geerts, B Gerber, H Goke, S Gomes, L Heikes, BG Hudson, JG Kollias, P Lawson, RP Krueger, SK Lenschow, DH Nuijens, L O'Sullivan, DW Rilling, RA Rogers, DC Siebesma, AP Snodgrass, E Stith, JL Thornton, DC Tucker, S Twohy, CH Zuidema, P AF Rauber, Robert M. Stevens, Bjorn Ochs, Harry T., III Knight, Charles Albrecht, B. A. Blyth, A. M. Fairall, C. W. Jensen, J. B. Lasher-Trapp, S. G. Mayol-Bracero, O. L. Vali, G. Anderson, J. R. Baker, B. A. Bandy, A. R. Burnet, E. Brenguier, J. L. Brewer, W. A. Brown, P. R. A. Chuang, P. Cotton, W. R. Girolamo, L. D. Geerts, B. Gerber, H. Goke, S. Gomes, L. Heikes, B. G. Hudson, J. G. Kollias, P. Lawson, R. P. Krueger, S. K. Lenschow, D. H. Nuijens, L. O'Sullivan, D. W. Rilling, R. A. Rogers, D. C. Siebesma, A. P. Snodgrass, E. Stith, J. L. Thornton, D. C. Tucker, S. Twohy, C. H. Zuidema, P. TI Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean - The RICO campaign SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ENTRAINMENT; WARM; SPECTRA; CLIMATE; GROWTH; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB Shallow, maritime cumuli are ubiquitous over much of the tropical oceans, and characterizing their properties is important to understanding weather and climate. The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign, which took place during November 2004-January 2005 in the trades over the western Atlantic, emphasized measurements of processes related to the formation of rain in shallow cumuli, and how rain subsequently modifies the structure and ensemble statistics of trade wind clouds. Eight weeks of nearly continuous S-band polarimetric radar sampling, 57 flights from three heavily instrumented research aircraft, and a suite of ground- and ship-based instrumentation provided data on trade wind clouds with unprecedented resolution. Observational strategies employed during RICO capitalized on the advances in remote sensing and other instrumentation to provide insight into processes that span a range of scales and that lie at the heart of questions relating to the cause and effects of rain from shallow maritime cumuli. C1 [Rauber, Robert M.; Ochs, Harry T., III; Girolamo, L. D.; Goke, S.; Snodgrass, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn; Nuijens, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Knight, Charles; Jensen, J. B.; Lenschow, D. H.; Rilling, R. A.; Rogers, D. C.; Stith, J. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Albrecht, B. A.; Zuidema, P.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Blyth, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Fairall, C. W.; Brewer, W. A.] NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lasher-Trapp, S. G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mayol-Bracero, O. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Vali, G.; Geerts, B.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Anderson, J. R.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Baker, B. A.; Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Bandy, A. R.; Thornton, D. C.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burnet, E.; Brenguier, J. L.] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Brown, P. R. A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chuang, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cotton, W. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gerber, H.] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hudson, J. G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Kollias, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Krueger, S. K.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Nuijens, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [O'Sullivan, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. [Siebesma, A. P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rauber, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rauber@atoms.uiuc.edu RI Jensen, Jorgen/C-9211-2009; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Brown, Philip/D-9819-2013; OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Brown, Philip/0000-0003-4643-4923; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148 NR 47 TC 184 Z9 184 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1912 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1912 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100014 ER PT J AU Rauber, RM Stevens, B Davison, J Goke, S Mayol-Bracero, OL Rogers, D Zuidema, P Ochs, HT Knight, C Jensen, J Bereznicki, S Bordoni, S Caro-Gautier, H Colon-Robles, M Deliz, M Donaher, S Ghate, V Grzeszczak, E Henry, C Hertel, AM Jo, I Kruk, M Lowenstein, J Malley, J Medeiros, B Mendez-Lopez, Y Mishra, S Morales-Garcia, F Nuijens, LA O'Donnell, D Ortiz-Montalvo, DL Rasmussen, K Riepe, E Scalia, S Serpetzoglou, E Shen, H Siedsma, M Small, J Snodgrass, E Trivej, P Zawislak, J AF Rauber, Robert M. Stevens, Bjorn Davison, Jennifer Goke, Sabine Mayol-Bracero, Olga L. Rogers, David Zuidema, Paquita Ochs, Harry T., III Knight, Charles Jensen, Jorgen Bereznicki, Sarah Bordoni, Simona Caro-Gautier, Humberto Colon-Robles, Marile Deliz, Maylissa Donaher, Shaunna Ghate, Virendra Grzeszczak, Ela Henry, Colleen Hertel, Anne Marie Jo, Ieng Kruk, Michael Lowenstein, Jason Malley, Judith Medeiros, Brian Mendez-Lopez, Yarilis Mishra, Subhashree Morales-Garcia, Flavia Nuijens, Louise A. O'Donnell, Dennis Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L. Rasmussen, Kristen Riepe, Erin Scalia, Sarah Serpetzoglou, Efthymios Shen, Haiwei Siedsma, Michael Small, Jennifer Snodgrass, Eric Trivej, Panli Zawislak, Jonathan TI In the driver's seat - RICO and education SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign carried out a wide array of educational activities, including a major first in a field project-a complete mission, including research flights, planned and executed entirely by students. This article describes the educational opportunities provided to the 24 graduate and 9 undergraduate students who participated in RICO. C1 [Rauber, Robert M.; Goke, Sabine; Ochs, Harry T., III; Colon-Robles, Marile; Hertel, Anne Marie; Kruk, Michael; Riepe, Erin; Scalia, Sarah; Snodgrass, Eric] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stevens, Bjorn; Bordoni, Simona; Medeiros, Brian; Trivej, Panli] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mayol-Bracero, Olga L.; Caro-Gautier, Humberto; Deliz, Maylissa; Mendez-Lopez, Yarilis; Morales-Garcia, Flavia; Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L.] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Rogers, David; Knight, Charles; Jensen, Jorgen] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Zuidema, Paquita; Donaher, Shaunna; Ghate, Virendra; Jo, Ieng; Rasmussen, Kristen; Serpetzoglou, Efthymios] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Bereznicki, Sarah; Henry, Colleen] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Grzeszczak, Ela] Warsaw Univ, Warsaw, Poland. [Lowenstein, Jason] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Malley, Judith] Clague Middle Sch, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Mishra, Subhashree] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Nuijens, Louise A.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [O'Donnell, Dennis] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Shen, Haiwei] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Siedsma, Michael] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Small, Jennifer] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kruk, Michael] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Zawislak, Jonathan] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rauber, RM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rauber@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Jensen, Jorgen/C-9211-2009; Medeiros, Brian/A-3695-2009; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Rasmussen, Kristen/J-6421-2014 OI Medeiros, Brian/0000-0003-2188-4784; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Rasmussen, Kristen/0000-0003-1321-0974 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1929 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1929 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100015 ER PT J AU Tag, PM AF Tag, Paul Mark TI A meteorological fiction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tag, Paul Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1986 EP 1987 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250XH UT WOS:000252334100019 ER PT J AU Goericke, R Venrick, E Koslow, T Sydeman, WJ Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ Peterson, WT Emmett, R Lara, JRL Castro, GTG Valdez, JG Hyrenbach, KD Bradley, RW Weise, MJ Harvey, JT Collins, C Lo, NCH AF Goericke, Ralf Venrick, Elizabeth Koslow, Tony Sydeman, William J. Schwing, Franklin B. Bograd, Steven J. Peterson, William T. Emmett, Robert Ruben Lara Lara, J. To Gaxiola Castro, Gilber Valdez, Jose Gomez Hyrenbach, K. David Bradley, Russel W. Weise, Michael J. Harvey, James T. Collins, Curtis Lo, Nancy C. H. TI The state of the California Current, 2006-2007: Regional and local processes dominate SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE BIRDS; PACIFIC; DIET; ABUNDANCE AB The state of the California Current System (CCS) between Ore.-on and Baja California is summarized in this report, covering spring 2006 to spring 2007, Observations reported here are based on contributions from various ocean observing programs along the West Coast of North America. Basin-scale indicators were variable or neutral over the last year. This indeterminate forcing was reflected in conditions in the CCS where no coherent patterns emerged, i.e., no single "state" could be ascribed to the system. Rather, regional or local processes dominated observed patterns. Similar to last year, delayed upwelling off Ore-on and central California dramatically affected higher trophic levels: euphausiid recruitment was delayed and as a likely consequence seabird productivity off Central California was extremely depressed. For example, Cassin's auklet had a complete reproductive failure, similar to 2006. Observations during the spring of 2007 demonstrate that these patterns were ephemeral since upwelling was normal and seabird productivity improved. Off southern and Baja California, upwelling-favorable winds were also weak or delayed during 2006, but biological consequences appear to have been relatively minor. C1 [Goericke, Ralf; Venrick, Elizabeth; Koslow, Tony] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Schwing, Franklin B.; Bograd, Steven J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Emmett, Robert] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bradley, Russel W.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Hyrenbach, K. David] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Valdez, Jose Gomez] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada 22866, Baja California, Mexico. [Ruben Lara Lara, J.; To Gaxiola Castro, Gilber] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Weise, Michael J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Collins, Curtis] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lo, Nancy C. H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Goericke, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rgoericke@ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 BP 33 EP 66 PG 34 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 313WG UT WOS:000256770100003 ER PT J AU Gurfil, P Lainey, V Efroimsky, M AF Gurfil, Pini Lainey, Valery Efroimsky, Michael TI Long-term evolution of orbits about a precessing oblate planet: 3. A semianalytical and a purely numerical approach SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE orbital elements; osculating elements; Mars; natural satellites; natural satellites' orbits; deimos; equinoctial precession; The Goldreich lock ID CHAOTIC OBLIQUITY; EARTH SATELLITE; GAUGE FREEDOM; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PHOBOS; MARS; INTEGRATION; STABILITY; MECHANICS; MOTION AB Construction of an accurate theory of orbits about a precessing and nutating oblate planet, in terms of osculating elements defined in a frame associated with the equator of date, was started in Efroimsky and Goldreich (2004) and Efroimsky (2004, 2005, 2006a, b). Here we continue this line of research by combining that analytical machinery with numerical tools. Our model includes three factors: the J (2) of the planet, its nonuniform equinoctial precession described by the Colombo formalism, and the gravitational pull of the Sun. This semianalytical and seminumerical theory, based on the Lagrange planetary equations for the Keplerian elements, is then applied to Deimos on very long time scales (up to 1 billion years). In parallel with the said semianalytical theory for the Keplerian elements defined in the co-precessing equatorial frame, we have also carried out a completely independent, purely numerical, integration in a quasi-inertial Cartesian frame. The results agree to within fractions of a percent, thus demonstrating the applicability of our semianalytical model over long timescales. Another goal of this work was to make an independent check of whether the equinoctial-precession variations predicted for a rigid Mars by the Colombo model could have been sufficient to repel its moons away from the equator. An answer to this question, in combination with our knowledge of the current position of Phobos and Deimos, will help us to understand whether the Martian obliquity could have undergone the large changes ensuing from the said model (Ward 1973; Touma and Wisdom 1993, 1994; Laskar and Robutel 1993), or whether the changes ought to have been less intensive (Bills 2006; Paige et al. 2007). It has turned out that, for low initial inclinations, the orbit inclination reckoned from the precessing equator of date is subject only to small variations. This is an extension, to non-uniform equinoctial precession given by the Colombo model, of an old result obtained by Goldreich (1965) for the case of uniform precession and a low initial inclination. However, near-polar initial inclinations may exhibit considerable variations for up to +/- 10 deg in magnitude. This result is accentuated when the obliquity is large. Nevertheless, the analysis confirms that an oblate planet can, indeed, afford large variations of the equinoctial precession over hundreds of millions of years, without repelling its near-equatorial satellites away from the equator of date: the satellite inclination oscillates but does not show a secular increase. Nor does it show secular decrease, a fact that is relevant to the discussion of the possibility of high-inclination capture of Phobos and Deimos. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Observ Paris, IMCCE, CNRS, UMR8028, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM pgurfil@technion.ac.il; Valery.Lainey@imcce.fr; me@usno.navy.mil RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012; OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 EI 1572-9478 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 BP 261 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10569-007-9099-0 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 235HC UT WOS:000251223300002 ER PT J AU Strabbing, TR AF Strabbing, Timothy R. TI Predators and parasites: Persistent agents of transnational harm and great power authority SO COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Strabbing, TR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0010-4140 J9 COMP POLIT STUD JI Comp. Polit. Stud. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1557 EP 1560 DI 10.1177/0010414007307621 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 229QW UT WOS:000250820200007 ER PT J AU Lee, EW Oppenheim, T Robinson, K Aridkahari, B Neylan, N Gebreyesus, D Richardson, M Arzate, M Bove, C Iskandar, M Sanchez, C Toss, E Martinez, I Arenas, D Ogren, J Mclennan, J Clark, R Frazier, WE Es-Said, OS AF Lee, E. W. Oppenheim, T. Robinson, K. Aridkahari, B. Neylan, N. Gebreyesus, D. Richardson, M. Arzate, M. Bove, C. Iskandar, M. Sanchez, C. Toss, E. Martinez, I. Arenas, D. Ogren, J. Mclennan, J. Clark, R. Frazier, W. E. Es-Said, O. S. TI The effect of thermal exposure on the electrical conductivity and static mechanical behavior of several age hardenable aluminum alloys SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis (ICEFA-2) CY SEP 12-15, 2006 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Elsevier, Engn Failure Anal DE thermal exposure; heat damage; heat treatable aluminum alloys; correlations between physical and mechanical properties ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Aluminum alloys 2014-T6, 2024-T3, 6061-T6, 7050-T7451, and 7075-T6 were thermally exposed at different times (1 min to 20 days) and temperatures 177-482 degrees C (350-900 F). This study was conducted to simulate the effects of heat damage on aluminum alloys and to determine the correlations existing between the static mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Results indicate that at the temperatures below 260 degrees C (500 F) all five alloys showed clear correlations between the mechanical and physical properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Naval Air Depot N Isl, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1538 EP 1549 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.12.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 192WE UT WOS:000248233300012 ER PT J AU Sarkani, S Mazzuchi, TA Lewandowski, D Kihl, DP AF Sarkani, S. Mazzuchi, T. A. Lewandowski, D. Kihl, D. P. TI Runout analysis in fatigue investigation SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Special Session on Reliability - Statistical Methods in Fracture and Fatigue held at the 11th International Congress on Fracture CY MAR 20-25, 2005 CL Turin, ITALY DE censored observations; maximum likelihood estimation; least-squares analysis; extreme value distribution; linear regression AB Those individual tests in a series of experiments that are not completed or must be suspended are known as "censored points," or "runouts". Inclusion of runouts in data analysis can be problematic, and such ad hoc approaches as ignoring the runout observation or treating it as a failure can significantly affect estimation. The methodology offered here alleviates the handling of runouts and censored data by using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to incorporate the censored data properly. The methodology is illustrated with an example problem using actual data and the affects of ad hoc approaches are illustrated. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Syst, Delft, Netherlands. USN, Struct & Composites Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sarkani, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Suite 704 Gelmanns,2130 H St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM sarkani@seas.gwu.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 74 IS 18 BP 2971 EP 2980 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.08.026 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 226VB UT WOS:000250615500007 ER PT J AU Rivera, GM Matsuzawa, C AF Rivera, Gladys M. Matsuzawa, Chie TI Multiple-language program assessment: Learners' perspectives on first- and second-year college foreign language programs and their implications for program improvement SO FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS LA English DT Article DE learner input; learner variables; program assessment ID INSTRUCTION; ABROAD AB A pilot study was designed to examine student perspectives on the first two years of the foreign language program at an east coast college. The study addresses key areas of foreign language teaching and learning in terms of goals and objectives, effectiveness of instruction and instructional approach, and student suggestions for improvement. The survey's findings indicate that the program generally meets the needs and interests of the students; however these findings call for a clearer articulation of program goals in culture and careful review of some instructional methods. They also reveal critical differences in learning priorities and learning styles between students in commonly taught languages and those in less commonly taught languages. This article discusses plausible explanations for the survey findings and makes recommendations for program improvement. C1 [Rivera, Gladys M.] USN Acad, Language Studies Assessment Comm, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Matsuzawa, Chie] USN Acad, Japanese Program, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Rivera, GM (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Assessment Comm, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0015-718X J9 FOREIGN LANG ANN JI Foreign Lang. Ann. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 569 EP 583 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA 245IH UT WOS:000251927800003 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, Marianne TI Cenesthesia and the urgency to be SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 [Bosshard, Marianne] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 240GK UT WOS:000251575100051 ER PT J AU Eaton-Magana, S Post, JE Heaney, PJ Walters, RA Breeding, CM Butler, JE AF Eaton-Magana, Sally Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Walters, Roy A. Breeding, Christopher M. Butler, James E. TI Fluorescence spectra of colored diamonds using a rapid, mobile spectrometer SO GEMS & GEMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; DEFECT INTERACTIONS; LUMINESCENCE; NITROGEN; CENTERS AB Numerous natural-color colored diamonds from the Aurora Butterfly of Peace and other collections were studied using a new type of fluorescence spectrometer that has many advantages for gemological research, including high portability, low cost, and rapid collection times. For comparison, 10 irradiated diamonds were also studied. With only two exceptions, the natural-color diamonds could be separated into three categories-based on the peak wavelength and shape of the fluorescence spectra-that generally corresponded to their bodycolors: (1) similar to 450 and similar to 490 nm, recorded mainly for pink, yellow, and fancy white diamonds; (2) similar to 525 nm, mainly for green-yellow or yellow-green and brown diamonds; and (3) similar to 550 nm, mainly for orange, gray-green (including chameleon), and type la blue-gray or gray-blue diamonds. A spectrum that is anomalous for the diamond's bodycolor may indicate that it has been treated, and in some cases, fluorescence spectroscopy can help determine diamond type. C1 [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walters, Roy A.] Ocean Opt Inc, Res & Dev, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Breeding, Christopher M.] GIA Lab, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Eaton-Magana, S (reprint author), GIA, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM sally.magana@gia.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEMOLOGICAL INST AMER PI CARLSBAD PA 5345 ARMADA DR, CARLSBAD, CA 92008 USA SN 0016-626X J9 GEMS GEMOL JI Gems Gemol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 332 EP 351 PG 20 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 254HZ UT WOS:000252579000009 ER PT J AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, Dan P. Coleman, Jeffrey O. TI Optimal Array-Pattern Synthesis for Wideband Digital Transmit Arrays SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Antenna arrays; array signal processing; optimization methods; second-order cone programming ID BEAM PATTERNS; ANTENNA-ARRAY; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Some next-generation radio frequency systems are expected to share a common transmit aperture among multiple users across a wide range of frequencies and functions such as radar and communications. The requisite linear architectures and digital signal generation will permit far greater flexibility in the design of array patterns than traditional time-delay steered wideband transmit arrays. Merely replicating the traditional architecture in digital signal processing would generally represent an inefficient use of computational resources; thus, we propose instead to place a finite-impulse response filter per input signal at each element and to directly optimize the resulting wideband array pattern. For this architecture, we present a passband-equivalent transmit-array model and derive expressions for wideband directivity, efficiency, error sensitivity, gain, peak and mean-square sidelobes, mainlobe frequency-response flatness, and polarization. All can be constrained using second-order cone programming, a highly-efficient type of convex optimization. Several examples illustrate the design tradeoffs, including the need to limit undesirable superdirective effects in wideband arrays. The system model and the derivations are general enough to admit almost any array architecture, including arbitrary element locations, nonuniform element responses, and multiple polarizations. C1 [Scholnik, Dan P.; Coleman, Jeffrey O.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5328, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dan.scholnik@nrl.navy.mil; frey.coleman@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory base program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the Naval Research Laboratory base program. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Alex Gershman. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 660 EP 677 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2007.909371 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 437NT UT WOS:000265494900013 ER PT J AU Ebel, JL Hyman, DJ Newman, HS AF Ebel, John L. Hyman, Daniel J. Newman, Harvey S. TI RF MEMS testing - Beyond the S-parameters SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SWITCHES; VOLTAGE; TIME C1 [Ebel, John L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hyman, Daniel J.] XCOM Wireless Inc, Signal Hill, CA USA. [Newman, Harvey S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ebel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.ebel@wpafb.at.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1109/MMM.2007.907737 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 245YN UT WOS:000251974800015 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Koffman, AD Waltrip, BC Wang, YC AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Koffman, Andrew D. Waltrip, Bryan Cristopher Wang, Yicheng TI Evaluation of a capacitance scaling system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE calibration; capacitance; four-terminal-pair 4TP capacitance; inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) meter; inductive voltage dividers (IVDs); uncertainty analysis AB An improved error analysis of an existing capacitance scaling system for supporting measurements of higher valued (10 nF to 100 mu F) ceramic-dielectric four-terminal-pair (4TP) capacitance standards over the 100-Hz to 100-kHz frequency range is described. The capacitance scaling system uses a commercial impedance (inductance-capacitance-resistance) meter and a single-decade inductive voltage divider as an impedance comparator. Four-terminal-pair capacitors in decade (10: 1) steps from 10 nF to 100 F are measured. The system's 10: 1 scaling error is determined using 100-pF and 1-nF air-dielectric 4TP capacitance standards with known capacitance and loss characteristics over frequency. This paper discusses the significant reductions in measurement uncertainty that were attained through the use of improved calibration standards and measurement method refinements. Details of the uncertainty analysis for a 10-nF capacitor (in the 100-Hz to 10-kHz frequency range) and verification data are presented. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana; Koffman, Andrew D.; Waltrip, Bryan Cristopher; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2160 EP 2163 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.908318 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 242SH UT WOS:000251745500007 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Amsinck, C Franzon, P Ratna, BR AF Blum, Amy Szuchmacher Soto, Carissa M. Wilson, Charmaine D. Amsinck, Christian Franzon, Paul Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Electronic properties of molecular memory circuits on a nanoscale scaffold SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; molecular electronics; nanotechnology ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; COMPLEX PATTERN-FORMATION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOPARTICLES; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; DNA; JUNCTIONS AB Significant challenges exist in assembling and interconnecting the building blocks of a nanoscale device and being able to electronically address or measure responses at the molecular level. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of engineered proteins as scaffolds for bottom-up self-assembly for building nanoscale devices out of multiple components. Using genetically engineered cowpea mosaic virus, modified to express cysteine residues on the capsid exterior, gold nanoparticles were attached to the viral scaffold in a specific predetermined pattern to produce specific interparticle distances. The nanoparticles were then interconnected using thiol-terminated conjugated organic molecules, resulting in a three-dimensional network. Network properties were engineered by using molecular components with different I-V characteristics. Networks consisting of molecular wires alone were compared with networks containing voltage controlled molecular switches with two stable conductance states. Using such bistable molecules enabled the formation of switchable molecular networks that could be used in nanoscale memory circuits. C1 [Blum, Amy Szuchmacher; Soto, Carissa M.; Ratna, Banahalli R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wilson, Charmaine D.] Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. [Amsinck, Christian; Franzon, Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27601 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amy.blum@nrl.navy.mil; ratna@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1241 J9 IEEE T NANOBIOSCI JI IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1109/TNB.2007.908978 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240LW UT WOS:000251590100003 PM 18217619 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Vermeire, B Holbert, K Wright, D Pease, RL Dunham, G Platteter, DG Seiler, J McClure, S Adell, P AF Chen, X. J. Barnaby, H. J. Vermeire, B. Holbert, K. Wright, D. Pease, R. L. Dunham, G. Platteter, D. G. Seiler, J. McClure, S. Adell, P. TI Mechanisms of enhanced radiation-induced degradation due to excess molecular hydrogen in bipolar oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE bipolar oxide; gated bipolar devices; hydrogen; interface traps; radiation-induced ID INTERFACE-STATE GENERATION; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; TRAP FORMATION; MOS DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; TRANSISTORS; DIFFUSION; CENTERS; SILICON; SIO2 AB Bipolar junction test structures packaged in hermetically sealed packages with excess molecular hydrogen (H-2) showed enhanced degradation after radiation exposure. Using chemical kinetics, we propose a model that quantitatively establishes the relationship between excess H-2 and radiation-induced interface trap formation. Using environments with different molecular hydrogen concentrations, radiation experiments were performed and the experimental data showed excellent agreement with the proposed model. The results, both experimentally and theoretically, showed increased radiation induced degradation with H-2 concentration, and device degradation saturate at both high and low ends of H-2 concentrations. C1 [Chen, X. J.; Barnaby, H. J.; Vermeire, B.; Holbert, K.; Wright, D.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pease, R. L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Dunham, G.; Platteter, D. G.; Seiler, J.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [McClure, S.; Adell, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, XJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.chen@asu.edu; rpease@rlpresearch.com; gdunham@atd.crane.navy.mil; Platteter@atd.crane.navy.mil; seiler.john@atd.crane.navy.mil; steven.s.incclure@jpl.nasa.gov; lippe.c.adell@jpl.nasa.gov RI Holbert, Keith/B-6518-2008; OI Holbert, Keith/0000-0002-2772-1954 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1913 EP 1919 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.909708 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300009 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Romero, MJ Burke, EA AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Summers, Geoffrey P. Romero, Manuel J. Burke, Edward A. TI Displacement damage evolution in GaAs following electron, proton and silicon ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE displacement damage; DLTS; EBIC; GaAs; heavy ion; irradiation; NIEL; photovoltaic; recoil spectrum; recombination center ID NIEL CALCULATIONS; HEAVY-IONS; ENERGY; RADIATION AB We characterize radiation induced defects in n-type GaAs following electron, proton, and silicon ion irradiations using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) measurements. EBIC micrographs show the existence of radiation induced recombination centers following high energy proton (E > 50 MeV) or 22 MeV silicon ion irradiations, which were not observed following I MeV electron or 2 MeV proton irradiations. The evolution of the U-band defect as determined by DLTS seems to occur when active recombination centers are observed in the EBIC images and therefore, appears to be produced by high energy recoils probably creating defect clusters. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Messenger, Scott R.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Summers, Geoffrey P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA. [Romero, Manuel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@umbc.edu; Manuel_Romero@nrel.gov; edaburke@rcn.com NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1961 EP 1968 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910328 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300016 ER PT J AU Loveless, TD Massengill, LW Bhuva, BL Holman, WT Reed, RA McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Jenkins, P AF Loveless, T. D. Massengill, L. W. Bhuva, B. L. Holman, W. T. Reed, R. A. McMorrow, D. Melinger, J. S. Jenkins, P. TI A single-event-hardened phase-locked loop fabricated in 130 nm CMOS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE charge pumps; mixed analog-digital integrated circuits; phase-locked loops (PLLs); radiation effects; radiation hardening; radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD); RF operation; single-event effects (SEEs); single-event transients (SETs) ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION AB A radiation-hardened-by-design phase-locked loop (PLL)-designed and fabricated in 130 nm CMOS-is shown to mitigate single-event transients (SETs). Two-photon-absorption (TPA) laser tests were used to characterize the error signatures of the PLL and to perform single-event upset (SEU) mapping of the PLL sub-components. Results show that a custom, voltage-based charge pump reduces the error response of the PLL over conventional designs by more than two orders of magnitude as measured by the number of erroneous PLL clock pulses following a single-event. Additionally, SEU mapping indicates a 99% reduction in the vulnerable area of the radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) charge pump over a conventional design. Furthermore, the TPA experiments highlight the importance of the voltage-controlled oscillator in the overall SET response of the PLL implementing the RHBD charge pump. C1 [Loveless, T. D.; Massengill, L. W.; Bhuva, B. L.; Holman, W. T.; Reed, R. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.; Jenkins, P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Loveless, TD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM daniel.loveless@vanderbilt.edu; Iloyd.massengill@vanderbilt.edu; bharat.l.bhuva@vanderbilt.edu; tim.holman@vanderbilt.edu; robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; melinger@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Phillip.Jenkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Loveless, Thomas/G-9420-2011; Loveless, Thomas/C-7132-2016 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2012 EP 2020 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.908166 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300024 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Adell, PC Barnaby, HJ Chen, J AF Pease, Ronald L. Platteter, Dale G. Dunham, Gary W. Seiler, John E. Adell, Philippe C. Barnaby, Hugh J. Chen, Jie TI The effects of hydrogen in hermetically sealed packages on the total dose and dose rate response of bipolar linear circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE dose rate; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity; hydrogen; interface traps; radiation effects; temperature transducer; total ionizing dose; voltage comparator ID RATE SENSITIVITY; PASSIVATION LAYERS; DEVICES; ELDRS; ICS AB It is demonstrated with test transistors and circuits that a small amount of hydrogen trapped in hermetically sealed packages can significantly degrade the total dose and dose rate response of bipolar linear microelectronics. In addition, we show that when exposed to an atmosphere of 100% molecular hydrogen dies with silicon nitride passivation are unaffected, whereas dies with silicon carbide or deposited oxides become very soft at high and low dose rate. C1 [Pease, Ronald L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Platteter, Dale G.; Dunham, Gary W.; Seiler, John E.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Adell, Philippe C.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnaby, Hugh J.; Chen, Jie] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM lsrl-pease@wildblue.net; gary.dunham@navy.mi; john.seiler@navy.mil; philippe.c.adell@jpl.nasa.gov; hbarnaby@asu.edu; j.chen@asu.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2168 EP 2173 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.907870 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300047 ER PT J AU Wroe, A Rosenfeld, A Reinhard, M Pisacane, V Ziegler, J Nelson, M Cucinotta, F Zaider, M Dicello, J AF Wroe, A. Rosenfeld, A. Reinhard, M. Pisacane, V. Ziegler, J. Nelson, M. Cucinotta, F. Zaider, M. Dicello, J. TI Solid state microdosimetry with heavy ions for space applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE heavy ions; microdosimetry; space ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; SILICON MICRODOSIMETRY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; HADRON THERAPY; RADIATION; DETECTORS; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATION AB This work provides information pertaining to the performance of Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) microdosimeters in heavy ion radiation fields. SOI microdosimeters have been previously tested in light ion radiation fields for both space and therapeutic applications, however their response has not been established in high energy, heavy ion radiation fields which are experienced in space. Irradiations were completed at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at BNL using 0.6 GeV/u Fe and 1.0 GeV/u Ti ions. Energy deposition and lineal energy spectra were obtained with this device at various depths within a Lucite phantom along the central axis of the beam. The response of which was compared with existing proportional counter data to assess the applicability of SOI microdosimeters to future deployments in space missions. C1 [Wroe, A.; Rosenfeld, A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Res, Wollongong, NSW 2087, Australia. [Reinhard, M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Pisacane, V.; Ziegler, J.; Nelson, M.; Dicello, J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Cucinotta, F.] NASA, Radiat Res Dept, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zaider, M.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Wroe, A (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Res, Wollongong, NSW 2087, Australia. EM ajw16@uow.edu.au; anatoly@uow.edu.au; mrz@ansto.gov.au; pisacane@usna.edu; ziegler@aya.yale.edu; nelson@usna.edu; francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov; zaiderm@mskcc.org; dicello@usna.edu RI Rosenfeld, Anatoly/D-1989-2014; OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2264 EP 2271 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910037 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300061 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P McMorrow, D Fel, N Baggio, J Girard, S Duhamel, O Melinger, JS Gaillardin, M Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Paillet, P. McMorrow, D. Fel, N. Baggio, J. Girard, S. Duhamel, O. Melinger, J. S. Gaillardin, M. Schwank, J. R. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. TI New insights into single event transient propagation in chains of inverters - Evidence for propagation-induced pulse broadening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE chains of inverters; digital single event transients; heavy ion and pulsed laser irradiation; propagation-induced pulse broadening (PIPB) effect; SET propagation; SET width ID HEAVY-ION; LASER; SOI; IRRADIATION; DEVICES; WIDTHS AB The generation and propagation of single event transients (SET) is measured and modeled in SOI inverter chains with different designs.. SET propagation in inverter chains induces significant modifications of the transient width. In some cases, a "propagation-induced pulse broadening" (PIPB) effect is observed. Initially narrow transients, less than 200 ps at the struck node, are progressively broadened up to the nanosecond range, with the degree of broadening dependent on the transistor design and the length of propagation. The chain design (transistor size and load) is shown to have a major impact on the transient width modification. C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Paillet, P.; Fel, N.; Baggio, J.; Girard, S.; Duhamel, O.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gaillardin, M.] IMEP ENESERG, F-38016 Grenoble, France. [Schwank, J. R.; Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), CEA, DIF, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM veronique.ferlet@cea.fr RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2338 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910202 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300071 ER PT J AU Gaillardin, M Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Baggio, J McMorrow, D Faynot, O Jahan, C Tosti, L Cristoloveanu, S AF Gaillardin, Marc Paillet, Philippe Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Baggio, Jacques McMorrow, Dale Faynot, Olivier Jahan, Carine Tosti, Lucie Cristoloveanu, Sorin TI Transient radiation response of single- and multiple-gate FD SOI transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE charge collection mechanisms; heavy ion; multiple gate transistors; pulsed laser; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; SOI ID HEAVY-ION; PULSED-LASER; EVENT TRANSIENTS; DEVICES; IRRADIATION; MOSFETS; NM AB The transient radiation response of single- and multiple-gate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD SOI) transistors is investigated with heavy ion and pulsed laser experiments. Very fast transients are shown on single-gate devices while non-planar Omega-gate transistors exhibit longer transient pulses. The current process of multi-gate devices, which includes long resistive access to source and drain electrodes, is shown to be responsible for these longer pulses, they are not an intrinsic characteristic of multi-gate devices. The charge collection mechanisms are discussed with 3-D device simulations as a function of device architecture and design. Mixed-mode simulations are used to present trends on the sensitivity to single event upset and single event transient of elementary cells based on a 50 nm FD SOI technology. C1 [Gaillardin, Marc; Cristoloveanu, Sorin] Minatec INPG, IMEP ENSERG, F-38016 Grenoble, France. [Paillet, Philippe; Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Baggio, Jacques] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Faynot, Olivier; Jahan, Carine; Tosti, Lucie] CEA, LETI, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Gaillardin, M (reprint author), Minatec INPG, IMEP ENSERG, F-38016 Grenoble, France. EM marc.gaillardin@cea.fr NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2355 EP 2362 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910860 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300073 ER PT J AU Liu, ST Nelson, DK Tsang, JC Golke, K Fechner, P Heikkila, W Brewster, N Van Cleave, R Liu, HY McMarr, PJ Hughes, HL Ziegler, JF AF Liu, S. T. Nelson, D. K. Tsang, J. C. Golke, K. Fechner, P. Heikkila, W. Brewster, N. Van Cleave, R. Liu, H. Y. McMarr, P. J. Hughes, H. L. Ziegler, J. F. TI The effect of active delay element resistance on limiting heavy ion, SEU upset cross-sections of SOI ADE/SRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE active delay element; single-event effects; SOI; SRAM; upset cross-section ID CRITIQUE; SOISRAMS AB This paper discusses the effective limiting heavy-ion induced single-event upset cross section of radiation-hardened 150 nm SOI SRAM and the resistance of the active-delay element (ADE) used in the memory cell. The effective limiting upset cross-section of ADE/SRAM is found to be proportional to the product of the limiting upset cross-section of the 6T SRAM of the same CMOS technology and a dimensionless function of the normalized ADE resistance. In addition, a cross-section higher than this effective limiting cross-section at high effective LET (> 250 MeV-cm(2)/mg) is observed. This additional contribution to the cross-section is attributed to the upset caused by the high effective LET heavy ion hitting the on-transistor in the memory cell. C1 [Liu, S. T.; Nelson, D. K.; Tsang, J. C.; Golke, K.; Fechner, P.; Heikkila, W.; Brewster, N.] Honeywell Aerosp, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. [Liu, H. Y.] Seagate Technol, Edina 55437, MN USA. [McMarr, P. J.; Hughes, H. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ziegler, J. F.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), Honeywell Aerosp, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. EM mike.s.liu@comcast.net; russell.vancleave@honeywell.com; harry.liu@seagate.com; Harold.hughes@nrl.navy.mil; ziegler@srim.org NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2480 EP 2487 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910875 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300091 ER PT J AU Bernard, MF Dusseau, L Buchner, S McMorrow, D Ecoffet, R Boch, J Vaille, JR Schrimpf, RD LaBel, K AF Bernard, M. F. Dusseau, L. Buchner, S. McMorrow, D. Ecoffet, R. Boch, J. Vaille, J. -R. Schrimpf, R. D. LaBel, K. TI Impact of total ionizing dose on the analog single event transient sensitivity of a linear bipolar integrated circuit SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE analog single event transients; bipolar integrated circuits; linear voltage comparator; pulsed-laser testing; total dose ID VOLTAGE COMPARATOR; LASER AB Total ionizing dose (TID) strongly affects the Single Event Transient (SET) sensitivity of a bipolar linear voltage comparator (LM139). The general rule that transistors in the non-conducting state are the most sensitive to SETs was verified, with some exceptions. The mechanisms responsible for those exceptions were identified and explained using circuit analysis. In the non typical behavior, a correlation of the degradation of the amplifier stages with the shape of the transient output signal was established. Following total dose exposure the SETs generally exhibit a reduction in amplitude due to the degradation of the slew rate. However, in some cases the transient signal is amplified because degradation of either the current source or of the current gain of some transistors forces the output transistor to the edge of conduction, so that it behaves like a voltage amplifier and amplifies the parasitic transient signal. Laser testing demonstrates that ASET sensitivity also is affected by TID degradation of transistors that are not directly hit by the laser. C1 [Bernard, M. F.; Dusseau, L.; Boch, J.; Vaille, J. -R.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5214, IES, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Buchner, S.; LaBel, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [McMorrow, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ecoffet, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Bernard, MF (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UMR 5214, IES, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. EM bernard@cem2.univ-montp2.fr RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2534 EP 2540 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910229 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300098 ER PT J AU Liu, S Titus, JL Boden, M AF Liu, Sandra Titus, Jeffrey L. Boden, Milt TI Effect of buffer layer on single-event burnout of power DMOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Waikiki Beach, HI SP IEEE DE buffer layer; power DMOSFET; single-event burnout (SEB); worst-case test condition ID MOSFETS AB It has been shown, both experimentally and theoretically, that the addition of a buffer layer between the epitaxial layer and substrate can improve a device's single event burnout (SEB) survivability. Simulation results show that the choice of buffer, resistivity and thickness, is important in achieving the best device performance (i.e., to fabricate a device capable of withstanding a heavy ion environment under its full rated drain voltage without a significant increase in its on-resistance). Simulation results show that an optimized buffer layer is critical. In other words, if the resistivity is too low or high and/or the thickness is too thick or thin, the drain voltage at which SEB occurs decreases. This paper provides a methodology to select an optimized buffer layer resistivity and thickness. C1 [Liu, Sandra; Boden, Milt] Int Rectifier Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Titus, Jeffrey L.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Int Rectifier Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM sliu1@irf.com; jeffrey.titus@navy.mil; mboden1@irf.com NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 2554 EP 2560 DI 10.1109/TNS.2007.910869 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242RV UT WOS:000251744300101 ER PT J AU Ewart, LM McLaughlin, EA Robinson, HC Stace, JJ Amin, A AF Ewart, Lynn M. McLaughlin, Elizabeth A. Robinson, Harold C. Stace, Joseph J. Amin, Ahmed TI Mechanical and electromechanical properties of PMNT single crystals for naval sonar transducers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE AB PMNT single crystals in the relaxor-ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-lead titanate (PT) system provide significant advantage for underwater sonar transducers. Compared to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, the large electromechanical coupling factor provides significant increases in transducer bandwidth. The superior strain energy density generates higher source level across the band, and the lower Young's modulus allows considerably smaller transducers. These payoffs occur even when PMNT crystals are subject to navy operating conditions such as uniaxial mechanical compressive stresses up to 42 MPa, electric fields up to 1.2 MV/m, and a temperature range from 5 to 50 degrees C. The impact of navy-relevant electric fields and mechanical stresses on crack propagation and failure of piezoelectric single crystals is investigated. The compressive, flexural, and tensile strength of PMNT crystals is reported and discussed with respect to conventional PZT ceramics and the operating conditions of a typical naval transducer. C1 [Ewart, Lynn M.; McLaughlin, Elizabeth A.; Robinson, Harold C.; Stace, Joseph J.; Amin, Ahmed] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ewart, LM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM aminah@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 12 BP 2469 EP 2473 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.561 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 249VC UT WOS:000252257100008 PM 18276539 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI Design method for numerical function generators using recursive segmentation and EVBDDs SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE edge-valued binary decision diagrams (EVBDDs); recursive segmentation; piecewise polynomial approximation; numerical function generators (NFGs); programmable architecture ID FUNCTION APPROXIMATION AB Numerical function generators (NFGs) realize arithmetic functions, such as e(x), sin(pi x), and root x, in hardware. They are used in applications where high-speed is essential, such as in digital signal or graphics applications. We introduce the edge-valued binary decision diagram (EVBDD) as a means of reducing the delay and memory requirements in NFGs. We also introduce a recursive segmentation algorithm, which divides the domain of the function to be realized into segments, where the given function is realized as a polynomial. This design reduces the size of the multiplier needed and thus reduces delay. It is also shown that an adder can be replaced by a set of 2-input AND gates, further reducing delay. We compare our results to NFGs designed with multi-terminal BDDs (MTBDDs). We show that EVBDDs yield a design that has, on the average, only 39% of the memory and 58% of the delay of NFGs designed using MTBDDs. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. EM nagayama@ieee.org; sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; jon_butler@msn.com RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1337 J9 IEICE T FUND ELECTR JI IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL E90A IS 12 BP 2752 EP 2761 DI 10.1093/ietfec/e90-a.12.2752 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 246PZ UT WOS:000252020700014 ER PT J AU Bosco, A Cantone, C Dell'Agnello, S Delle Monache, GO Franceschi, MA Garattini, M Napolitano, T Ciufolini, I Agneni, A Graziani, F Ialongo, P Lucantoni, A Paolozzi, A Peroni, I Sindoni, G Bellettini, G Tauraso, R Pavlis, EC Currie, DG Rubincam, DP Arnold, DA Matzner, R Slabinski, VJ AF Bosco, A. Cantone, C. Dell'Agnello, S. Delle Monache, G. O. Franceschi, M. A. Garattini, M. Napolitano, T. Ciufolini, I. Agneni, A. Graziani, F. Ialongo, P. Lucantoni, A. Paolozzi, A. Peroni, I. Sindoni, G. Bellettini, G. Tauraso, R. Pavlis, E. C. Currie, D. G. Rubincam, D. P. Arnold, D. A. Matzner, R. Slabinski, V. J. TI Probing gravity in NEO's with high-accuracy laser-ranged test masses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop From Quantum to Cosmos - Fundamental Physics Research in Space CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Warrenton, VA DE gravitomagnetism; climatic test; thermal analysis ID SATELLITES AB Gravity can be studied in detail in near Earth orbits NEO's using laser-ranged test masses tracked with few-mm accuracy by ILRS. The two LAGEOS satellites have been used to measure frame dragging (a truly rotational effect predicted by GR) with a 10% error. A new mission and an optimized, second generation satellite, LARES (I. Ciufolini PI), is in preparation to reach an accuracy of 1% or less on frame dragging, to measure some PPN parameters, to test the 1/r(2) law in a very weak. field and, possibly, to test select models of unified theories (using the perigee). This requires a full thermal analysis of the test mass and an accurate knowledge of the asymmetric thermal thursts due to the radiation emitted by the Sun and Earth. A Space Climatic Facility (SCF) has been built at INFN-LNF (Frascati, Italy) to perform this experimental program on LAGEOS and LARES prototypes. It consists of a 2 m x 1 m cryostat, simulators of the Sun and Earth radiations and a versatile thermometry system made of discrete probes and an infrared digital camera. The SCF commissioning is well underway. A test of all its subsystems has been successfully completed on August 4, 2006, using a LAGEOS 3 x 3 retroreflector array built at LNF. This prototype has been thermally modeled in detail with a commercial simulation software. We expect to demonstrate the full functionality of the SCF with the thermal characterization of this LAGEOS array by the beginning of September 2006. C1 [Bosco, A.; Cantone, C.; Dell'Agnello, S.; Delle Monache, G. O.; Franceschi, M. A.; Garattini, M.; Napolitano, T.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Ciufolini, I.] Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Ciufolini, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Agneni, A.; Graziani, F.; Ialongo, P.; Lucantoni, A.; Paolozzi, A.; Peroni, I.; Sindoni, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sch Aerosp Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Bellettini, G.; Tauraso, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Math, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Pavlis, E. C.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pavlis, E. C.] NASA, Baltimore, MD USA. [Currie, D. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rubincam, D. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matzner, R.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Slabinski, V. J.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Bosco, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, POB 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EM Simone.DellAgnello@Inf.infn.it RI Rubincam, David/D-2918-2012; OI Tauraso, Roberto/0000-0002-5619-3513 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 12A BP 2271 EP 2285 DI 10.1142/S0218271807011322 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EA UT WOS:000252850000032 ER PT J AU Apple, JK del Giorgio, P AF Apple, Jude K. del Giorgio, P. A. TI Organic substrate quality as the link between bacterioplankton carbon demand and growth efficiency in a temperate salt-marsh estuary SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; DOC; estuary; growth efficiency; lability ID C-N RATIO; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; COASTAL WATERS; MATTER; NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; RESPIRATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM AB Bacterioplankton communities play a key role in aquatic carbon cycling, specifically with respect to the magnitude of organic carbon processed and partitioning of this carbon into biomass and respiratory losses. Studies of bacterioplankton carbon demand (BCD) and growth efficiency (BGE) frequently report higher values in more productive systems, suggesting these aspects of carbon metabolism may be positively coupled. However, the existence of such a relationship in natural aquatic systems has yet to be identified. Using a comprehensive 2-year study of bacterioplankton carbon metabolism in a temperate estuary, we investigated BCD and BGE and explored factors that may modulate their magnitude and coherence, including nutrient concentrations, dissolved nutrient uptake and source and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). During the course of our study, BCD ranged from 0.4 to 15.9 mu g l(-1) h(-1), with an overall mean of 3.8 mu g l(-1) h(-1). Mean BGE was similar to that reported for other estuarine systems (0.32) and of comparable range (that is, 0.06 - 0.68). Initial analyses identified a negative correlation between BCD and BGE, yet removal of the effect of temperature revealed an underlying positive coupling that was also correlated with long-term DOC lability. Whereas BCD was weakly related to ambient DOC concentrations, neither BCD nor BGE showed any relationship with ambient nutrient concentrations or nutrient uptake stoichiometries. We conclude that in this carbon-rich estuary, organic matter source and quality play an important role in regulating the magnitude of carbon metabolism and may be more important than nutrient availability alone in the regulation of BGE. C1 [Apple, Jude K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [del Giorgio, P. A.] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. RP Apple, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jude.apple@nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 8 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.86 PG 14 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 245PC UT WOS:000251946500006 PM 18059496 ER PT J AU Johnson-Freese, J AF Johnson-Freese, Joan TI The new US space policy: A turn toward militancy? SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Natl Secur Decis Making Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Johnson-Freese, J (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Natl Secur Decis Making Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM joanfreese@cox.net NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 124CM UT WOS:000243344800026 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Fairall, CW AF Kara, A. Birol Wallcraft, Alan J. Metzger, E. Joseph Hurlburt, Harley E. Fairall, Chris W. TI Wind stress drag coefficient over the global ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA FLUXES AB Interannual and climatological variations of wind stress drag coefficient (C(D)) are examined over the global ocean from 1998 to 2004. Here C(D) is calculated using high temporal resolution (3- and 6-hourly) surface atmospheric variables from two datasets: 1) the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and 2) the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). The stability-dependent C(D) algorithm applied to both datasets gives almost identical values over most of the global ocean, confirming the validity of results. Overall, major findings of this paper are as follows: 1) the C(D) value can change significantly (e. g., > 50%) on 12-hourly time scales around the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream current systems; 2) there is strong seasonal variability in C(D), but there is not much interannual change in the spatial variability for a given month; 3) a global mean C(D) approximate to 1.25 X 10(-3) is found in all months, while C(D) >= 1.5 X 10(-3) is prevalent over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans and in southern high-latitude regions as well, and C(D) <= 1.0 X 10(-3) is typical in the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue; and 4) including the effects of air-sea stability on C(D) generally causes an increase of > 20% in comparison to the one calculated based on neutral conditions in the tropical regions. Finally, spatially and temporally varying C(D) fields are therefore needed for a variety of climate and air-sea interaction studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 23 BP 5856 EP 5864 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1825.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239RG UT WOS:000251534800013 ER PT J AU Putnam, SD Sedyaningsih, ER Listiyaningsih, E Pulungsih, SP Komalarini Soenarto, Y Salim, OC Subekti, D Riddle, MS Burgess, TH Blair, PJ AF Putnam, Shannon D. Sedyaningsih, Endang R. Listiyaningsih, Erlin Pulungsih, Sri Pandam Komalarini Soenarto, Yati Salim, Octavianus Ch. Subekti, Decy Riddle, Mark S. Burgess, Timothy H. Blair, Patrick J. TI Group A rotavirus-associated diarrhea in children seeking treatment in Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; genotyping; Indonesia ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROTYPES; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; YOGYAKARTA; OUTBREAK AB Background: Globally, group A rotavirus causes significant morbidity and mortality among children. Limited data exist on the epidemiology of rotavirus disease among Indonesian children. Objectives: We describe the epidemiology of rotavirus-associated diarrhea among Indonesian children <6 years of age, including clinical symptoms and genotypes. Study design: We conducted a hospital-based, case series study at four referral hospitals between February 2004 and February 2005 among children with diarrhea. Rotavirus positivity was defined by a positive result from either EIA or RT-PCR. A semi-nested RT-PCR was used to determine specific rotavirus genotypes. Results: 1660 stools were tested for pathogens. The overall rotavirus prevalence was 45.5%. Children with rotavirus-associated diarrhea were significantly younger (p<0.0001) and more likely to be hospitalized (81.3% versus 72.2%;p<0.0001). Symptoms associated with rotavirus included, vomiting, fever, nausea, fatigue and dehydration, while bloody stool was significantly less common with rotavirus-associated diarrhea. Conclusion: Rotavirus was an important contributor of morbidity to our study sample. Rotavirus genotyping demonstrated a temporal shift from G1 -G4 to G9, but this was highly associated with the P[8] gene, suggesting that a multivalent rotavirus vaccine, incorporating G9 P[8] antigen, may reduce the burden of diarrheal illnesses among Indonesian children. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Putnam, Shannon D.; Listiyaningsih, Erlin; Subekti, Decy; Burgess, Timothy H.; Blair, Patrick J.] USN, Resp Med Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Sedyaningsih, Endang R.] Indonesian Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Pulungsih, Sri Pandam] Infect Dis Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Komalarini] Sumber Waras Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Soenarto, Yati] Gadjah Mada Univ, Fac Med, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. [Salim, Octavianus Ch.] Trisakti Univ, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Riddle, Mark S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Putnam, SD (reprint author), US Embassy Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM putnam@namrutwo.org RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.09.005 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 247TK UT WOS:000252103400004 PM 17977785 ER PT J AU Salem, TE Bayne, SB Porschet, D AF Salem, Thomas E. Bayne, Stephen B. Porschet, Don TI An experimental approach for thermal characterization of water-cooled heat sinks using Fourier analysis techniques SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 15-17, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID DESIGN AB As power electronic applications continue to switch higher levels of voltage and current in smaller-sized component packages, the resulting increase in power density requires efficient thermal management. This paper compares the thermal performance for operating a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor on a water-cooled pole-arrayed heat sink versus a novel water-cooled microchannel heat sink. Details are presented on an innovative technique using Fourier analysis techniques for determining the thermal capacitance modeling parameter for the heat sinks from experimental data. C1 [Salem, Thomas E.] USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.; Porschet, Don] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM salem@usna.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1115/1.2814056 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 247VJ UT WOS:000252110400018 ER PT J AU Patnaik, G Boris, JP Young, TR Grinstein, FF AF Patnaik, Gopal Boris, Jay P. Young, Theodore R. Grinstein, Fernando F. TI Large scale urban contaminant transport Simulations with miles SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE urban CFD; MILES; LES; urban aerodynamics ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT-FLOW; MODEL AB Airborne contaminant transport in cities presents challenging new requirements for computational fluid dynamics. The unsteady flow involves very complex geometry and insufficiently characterized boundary conditions, and yet the challenging and timely nature of the overall problem demands that the turbulence be included efficiently with an absolute minimum of extra memory and computing time requirements. This paper describes the monotone integrated large eddy simulation methodology used in NRL's FAST3D-CT (CT is contaminant transport) simulation model for urban CT and focuses on critical validation issues that need to be addressed to achieve practical predictability Progress in validation studies benchmarking with flow data from wind-tunnel urban model simulations and actual urban field studies are reported. Despite inherent physical uncertainties and current model tradeoffs, it is clearly possible to achieve some degree of reliable prediction. C1 [Patnaik, Gopal; Boris, Jay P.; Young, Theodore R.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Grinstein, Fernando F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patnaik, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Lab Comp Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patnaik@lcp.nri.navy.mil; boris@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; young@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; fgrinstein@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1532 DI 10.1115/1.2801368 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 245CC UT WOS:000251911200007 ER PT J AU Battat, J Calame, JP AF Battat, J. Calame, J. P. TI Analysis of the complex dielectric permittivity behavior of porous Al2O3-SiC composites in the 1 MHz to 18 GHz frequency range SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; LOSSY CERAMICS; CONSTANT; CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON; DEVICES AB The complex dielectric permittivity of electrically lossy, porous Al2O3-SiC Composites was measured as a function of frequency over the range of 0.001 to 18 GHz. These composites were fabricated by an infusion method of incorporating SiC polymer precursor into porous alumina disks. Repeat polymer infusions and pyrolysis steps to 1000 degrees C were carried out, with some samples undergoing an additional air fire prior to each subsequent step. Generally, it was found that for non-air-fired samples, moderate, controllable losses were attainable over a broad frequency range. By contrast, the dielectric loss attainable for air-fired samples was generally very low. For all samples, various aspects of the variation of permittivity components is an element of' and is an element of '' with frequency were analyzed, with a view to determine the various factors contributing to dielectric response. Microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscopy was also performed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Battat, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbattat@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 3292 EP 3302 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0447 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 238ZL UT WOS:000251487100002 ER PT J AU Summers, EM Lograsso, TA Wun-Fogle, M AF Summers, E. M. Lograsso, T. A. Wun-Fogle, M. TI Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AT-PERCENT GA; HEAT-TREATMENT; IRON-GALLIUM; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; AL ALLOYS; SYSTEM; DEPENDENCE; CONSTITUTION; DIAGRAM; MAGNETOELASTICITY AB This article will review the development of the Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloy system for magnetostriction applications including work on substitutional ternary alloying additions for magnetic property enhancement. A majority of the alloying addition research has focused on substitutional ternary elements in Bridgman grown single crystals with the intent of improving the magnetostrictive capability of the Galfenol system. Single crystals provide the ideal vehicle to assess the effectiveness of the addition on the magnetostrictive properties by eliminating grain boundary effects, orientation variations, and grain-to-grain interactions that occur when polycrystals respond to applied magnetic fields. In almost all cases, ternary additions of transition metal elements have decreased the magnetostriction values from the binary Fe-Ga alloy. Most of the ternary additions are known to stabilize the D0(3) chemical order and could be a primary contribution to the observed reduction in magnetostriction. In contrast, both Sn and Al are found to substitute chemically for Ga. For Sn additions, whose solubility is limited, no reduction in magnetostriction strains are observed when compared to the equivalent binary alloy composition. Aluminum additions, whose effect on the magnetoelastic coupling on Fe is similar to Ga, result in a rule of mixture relationship. The reviewed research suggests that phase stabilization of the disordered bcc structure is a key component to increase the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga alloys. C1 Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Etrema Products Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lograsso, TA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys, 124 Metals Dev Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM lograsso@ameslab.gov NR 43 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 23 BP 9582 EP 9594 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2096-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 213HM UT WOS:000249657500013 ER PT J AU Islam, RA Priya, S Amin, A AF Islam, Rashed A. Priya, Shashank Amin, Ahmed TI Mn-doping effect on dielectric and electromechanical losses in the system Pb(Zr (x) Ti1-x )O-3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION-LEVEL CHANGE; CERAMICS AB Dielectric and electromechanical losses play a critical role in the performance of the transducer in high power conditions. In this study, we report a systematic study on the effect of Mn-doping on the losses in the Pb(Zr (x) Ti1-x )O-3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PZT-PZN) system. Two types of sintering conditions were employed to synthesize ceramics with varying grain sizes. The Zr/Ti ratio in the PZT system was fixed at 52/48 corresponding to morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and Mn concentration was varied from 0 to 0.9 wt%. The results show that the composition 0.9PZT-0.1PZN + 0.5 wt% Mn provides optimized magnitude for the dielectric, piezoelectric, and loss properties. C1 Univ Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Arlington, TX 76091 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Priya, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Arlington, TX 76091 USA. EM spriya@uta.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10052 EP 10057 DI 10.1007/s10853-007-2051-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 217XH UT WOS:000249980100021 ER PT J AU Wadley, HNG Dharmasena, KP Queheillalt, DT Chen, YC Dudt, P Knight, D Kiddy, K Xue, ZY Vaziri, A AF Wadley, Haydn N. G. Dharmasena, Kumar P. Queheillalt, Doug T. Chen, Yungchia Dudt, Philip Knight, David Kiddy, Ken Xue, Zhenyu Vaziri, Ashkan TI Dynamic compression of square honeycomb structures during underwater impulsive loading SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE sandwich panels; honeycomb cores; impulse loading; cellular structures ID METAL SANDWICH PLATES; WATER BLAST; BEAMS; SUBJECT; PANELS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; CORES AB Significant reductions in the fluid structure interaction regulated transfer of impulse occur when sandwich panels with thin ( light) front faces are impulsively loaded in water. A combined experimental and computational simulation approach has been used to investigate this phenomenon during the compression of honeycomb core sandwich panels. Square cell honeycomb panels with a core relative density of 5% have been fabricated from 304 stainless steel. Back supported panels have been dynamically loaded in through thickness compression using an explosive sheet to create a plane wave impulse in water. As the impulse was increased, the ratio of transmitted to incident momentum decreased from the Taylor limit of 2, for impulses that only elastically deformed the core, to a value of 1.5, when the peak incident pressure caused inelastic core crushing. This reduction in transmitted impulse was slightly less than that previously observed in similar experiments with a lower strength pyramidal lattice core and, in both cases, was well above the ratio of 0.35 predicted for an unsupported front face. Core collapse was found to occur by plastic buckling under both quasistatic and dynamic conditions. The buckling occurred first at the stationary side of the core, and, in the dynamic case, was initiated by reflection of a plastic wave at the ( rigid) back face sheet-web interface. The transmitted stress through the back face sheet during impulse loading depended upon the velocity of the front face, which was determined by the face sheet thickness, the magnitude of the impulse, and the core strength. When the impulse was sufficient to cause web buckling, the dynamic core strength increased with front face velocity. It rose from about 2 times the quasistatic value at a front face initial velocity of 35m/s to almost 3 times the quasistatic value for an initial front face velocity of 104m/s. The simulations indicate that this core hardening arises from inertial stabilization of the webs, which delays the onset of their buckling. The simulations also indicate that the peak pressure transmitted to a support structure from the water can be controlled by varying the core relative density. Pressure mitigation factors of more than an order of magnitude appear feasible using low relative density cores. The study reveals that for light front face sandwich panels the core strength has a large effect upon impulse transfer and the loading history applied to support structures. C1 [Wadley, Haydn N. G.; Dharmasena, Kumar P.; Queheillalt, Doug T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chen, Yungchia; Dudt, Philip; Knight, David] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kiddy, Ken] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Xue, Zhenyu; Vaziri, Ashkan] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wadley, HNG (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 395 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM haydn@virginia.edu; kumar@virginia.edu; dtq2j@virginia.edu; yungchia.chen@navy.mil; philip.dudt@navy.mil; david.e.knight@navy.mil; kenneth.kiddy@navy.mil; xue@deas.harvard.edu; avaziri@deas.harvard.edu RI Xue, Zhenyu/B-4658-2008 OI Xue, Zhenyu/0000-0002-0091-334X NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2025 EP 2048 DI 10.2140/jomms.2007.2.2025 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 309CP UT WOS:000256438600009 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ White, RD Kurabayashi, K Boyd, ID AF Martin, Michael James White, Robert D. Kurabayashi, Katsuo Boyd, Iain D. TI Fabrication of beam structures with micro-scale cross-sections and meso-scale spans SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GAS-FLOW; MEMS AB To allow testing of micro-scale aerodynamics, a process was created to manufacture beam structures that combine spans of 1 cm with a cross-section of 5 mu m by 100 mu m. The structural considerations limiting the fabrication of a structure combining macro-scale spans with a micro-scale cross-section are analyzed. Limiting considerations include forces during operation, fluid forces during release, vibrational limitations and beam buckling. Based on these results, a fabrication process for creating a beam structure for large spans without support structures is devised, incorporating the use of back-side etches and extra handling wafers to avoid stiction. This process is used to successfully fabricate the desired structure. C1 [Martin, Michael James; Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerospace Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [White, Robert D.; Kurabayashi, Katsuo] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2516 EP 2521 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/17/12/018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 243AK UT WOS:000251767100018 ER PT J AU Ulanski, J Okrasa, L Ngai, KL AF Ulanski, Jacek Okrasa, Lidia Ngai, Kia L. TI Dielectric relaxation and related phenomena - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ulanski, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 47-51 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.072 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 238VO UT WOS:000251476300001 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. TI Predicting the changes of relaxation dynamics with various modifications of the chemical and physical structures of glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the International-Dielectric-Society/9th International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena CY SEP 03-07, 2006 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Dielect Soc DE glass transition ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; COUPLING MODEL; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; METHACRYLATE) BLENDS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) AB One merit of the coupling model (CM) is its relevance to experiments as demonstrated by its ability to rationalize, explain, and sometimes predict experimental data, particularly those on dynamics. It also predicts the changes of relaxation dynamics with various modifications of the chemical and physical structures of glass-formers. The modifications considered include application of pressure, nano-confinement, crosslinking, copolymerization, mixing with another glass-former, and various changes including molecular structure, tacticity, and molecular weight. The relaxation dynamics addressed include the secondary Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation, and the primary structural alpha-relaxation, and also the chain modes in the case of polymers. The changes of these relaxation mechanisms and their relations to each other with modification of chemical and physical structures are predicted and the predictions compare favorably with experimental data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 65 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 47-51 BP 4237 EP 4245 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.03.047 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 238VO UT WOS:000251476300002 ER PT J AU Fontanella, JJ Bendler, JT Schuele, DE Edmondson, CA Lomax, JF AF Fontanella, J. J. Bendler, J. T. Schuele, D. E. Edmondson, C. A. Lomax, J. F. TI Effect of pressure on the water relaxation in glassy polyetherimide SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the International-Dielectric-Society/9th International Conference on Dielectric and Related Phenomena CY SEP 03-07, 2006 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Dielect Soc DE dielectric properties; relaxation; electric modulus; ab initio; molecular dynamics; polymers and organics; pressure effects; water in glass AB A dielectric study of the water peak in glassy polyetherimide is reported. The peak is found to shift to higher frequency with increasing intensity (associated with increasing water content) and to shift to lower frequency with increasing pressure. The temperature dependence of the peak position is Arrhenius with activation energy 0.46 eV. The activation volume is approximately equal to the Van der Waals b coefficient which is about twice the volume of a water molecule. This implies that the relaxation mechanism involves more than simple reorientation of a water molecule. Modeling results suggest that water molecules can associate with the glassy polymer through hydrogen bonds to the imide carbonyl oxygen atoms. In the case of Ultem (R) 1000, a water molecule is able to H-bond simultaneously with two carbonyl oxygens, however in Ultem (R) 5000 the para-bisimide linkage leads to improved chain packing and the more extended geometry allows only one H-bond between each imide carbonyl unit and water molecule. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jf@usna.edu NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 47-51 BP 4528 EP 4532 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.01.087 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 238VO UT WOS:000251476300055 ER PT J AU Chao, SY Ko, DS Lien, RC Shaw, PT AF Chao, Shenn-Yu Ko, Dong-Shan Lien, Ren-Chieh Shaw, Ping-Tung TI Assessing the west ridge of luzon strait as an internal wave mediator SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Luzon strait; South China Sea; internal solitary waves; internal tides AB The Luzon Strait is blocked by two meridional ridges at depths, with the east ridge somewhat higher than the west ridge in the middle reaches of the Strait. Previous numerical models identified the Luzon Strait as the primary generation site of internal M-2 tides entering the northern South China Sea (Niwa and Hibiya, 2004), but the role of the west-versus-east ridge was uncertain. We used a hydrostatic model for the northern South China Sea and a nonhydrostatic, process-oriented model to evaluate how the west ridge of Luzon Strait modifies westward propagation of internal tides, internal bores and internal solitary waves. The dynamic role of the west ridge depends strongly on the characteristics of internal waves and is spatially inhomogeneous. For M-2 tides, both models identify the west ridge in the middle reaches of Luzon Strait as a dampener of incoming internal waves from the east ridge. In the northern Luzon Strait, the west ridge is quite imposing in height and becomes a secondary generation site for M-2 internal tides. If the incoming wave is an internal tide, previous models suggested that wave attenuation depends crucially on how supercritical the west ridge slope is. If the incoming wave is an internal bore or internal solitary wave, our investigation suggests a loss of sensitivity to the supercritical slope for internal tides, leaving ridge height as the dominant factor regulating the wave attenuation. Mechanisms responsible for the ridge-induced attenuation are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Chao, SY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM chao@hpl.umces.edu NR 12 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 63 IS 6 BP 897 EP 911 DI 10.1029/2003GL019077 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224MQ UT WOS:000250451500002 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Hsieh, CP AF Chu, Peter C. Hsieh, Chung-Ping TI Change of multifractal thermal characteristics in the western Philippine Sea upper layer during internal wave-soliton propagation SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE high-order structure function; intermittency; internal wave; internal soliton; multifractal analysis; power spectrum; stationarity; singular measure ID SOUTH CHINA SEA AB The upper layer (above 140 m depth) temperature in the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan was sampled using a coastal monitoring buoy (CMB) with 15 attached thermistors during July 28-August 7, 2005. The data were collected every 10 min at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m using the CMB sensors, and every 15 see at 15 different depths between 25 m and 140 m. Internal waves and solitons were identified from the time-depth plot of the temperature field. Without the internal waves and solitons, the power spectra, structure functions, and singular measures (representing the intermittency) of temperature field satisfy the power law with multi-scale characteristics at all depths. The internal waves do not change the basic characteristics of the multifractal structure. However, the internal solitons change the power exponent of the power spectra drastically, especially in the low wave number domain; they also break down the power law of the structure function and increase the intermittency parameter. The physical mechanisms causing these different effects need to be explored further. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 63 IS 6 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s10872-007-0078-6 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224MQ UT WOS:000250451500004 ER PT J AU Park, S Chu, PC AF Park, Sunghyea Chu, Peter C. TI Synoptic distributions of thermal surface mixed layer and thermocline in the southern Yellow and East China Seas SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Yellow/East China Seas; thermal surface; mixed layer; thermocline ID VARIABILITY; KUROSHIO; SEPARATION; SATELLITE AB Synoptic distributions of thermal surface mixed layer and thermocline were identified using four airborne expendable bathythermograph (AXBT) surveys (September 1992 and February, May, and September 1993) in the southern Yellow and East China Seas. Seasonality and a dominant driving mechanism of the surface mixed layer were examined. The dominant driving mechanisms differ between seasons and between on-shelf and off-shelf regimes. Currents, eddies, and migration of bottom cold waters (on the shelf) also affect the surface mixed layer. Thermocline thickness, temperature difference from thermocline top to bottom, and thermocline intensity in warm seasons were measured, and their synoptic features were also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spark@nps.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1028 DI 10.1007/s10872-007-0085-7 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224MQ UT WOS:000250451500011 ER PT J AU Hughes, OR AF Hughes, O. Richard TI Frequency dependence of with the electromechanical hysteresis associated performance of PVDF film SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electromechanical performance; ferroelectricity; films; fluoropolymers; frequency dependence; hsyteresis ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) COPOLYMER; FLUORIDE TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMER; GIANT ELECTROSTRICTIVE RESPONSE; POLARIZATION REVERSAL; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SPACE-CHARGE; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; DIPOLES AB The thickness strains, the electric displacements, and the hysteresis exhibited by poly(vinylidene fluoride) films under sinusoidal applied electric fields were measured over a range of frequencies from 0.05 to 100 Hz. The loops of strain- and electric displacement versus electric field exhibit a shape and hysteresis that undergoes a continuous and reversible change with frequency. At lower frequencies (<5 Hz), the shape and large hysteresis are characteristic of a ferroelectric with degrees of remanent polarization. At higher frequencies (>5 Hz), the shape and slight hysteresis of the loops are representative of a nonremanently polarized ferroelectric. This dependence of shape and hysteresis on frequency is attributed to the difference in rates between the rapid rate by which the polarization of domains of aligned dipoles is reversed in a periodic field and the slower rate by which the polarization is made remanent. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hughes, OR (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 23 BP 3207 EP 3214 DI 10.1002/polb.21102 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 241BF UT WOS:000251631200010 ER PT J AU Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Simecek, JW Levine, ME AF Diefenderfer, Kim E. Ahlf, Renee L. Simecek, John W. Levine, Michael E. TI Periodontal health status in a cohort of young US Navy personnel SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE periodontal disease; PSR; epidemiology; adults; risk assessment ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; DISEASES; SMOKING; CESSATION; THERAPY; RELAPSE; EXTENT AB Objectives: Neither the prevalence of periodontal disease nor long-term trends in periodontal health among US military personnel has been well studied. The authors analyzed dental records to assess the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, characterize changes in periodontal health, and determine the associations of age, race, gender, and tobacco use with periodontal status among US Navy personnel. Methods: Dental records from 1, 107 personnel who entered military service in 1997 were gathered from eight US Navy dental treatment facilities. Demographic information, tobacco use status, and periodontal health status, as reflected by the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) information recorded at each required dental examination during the 4-year observational period (1997 to 2001), were collected. To improve sensitivity in measuring the extent of periodontal disease, the standard five-point PSR scale was reexpressed as a "PSR grade." Results: Over 98 percent of Navy recruits exhibited some level of periodontal disease at initial examination. Most (76 percent) exhibited gingivitis of varying severity. Over a mean observational period of 3.4 years, 91 percent of subjects received at least one oral prophylaxis, and over 60 percent received two to four prophylaxes. Subjects with severe periodontal conditions received as many as 22 appointments for prophylaxis or periodontal therapy. From initial to final examination, periodontal status improved for 29.2 percent of subjects, deteriorated for 31.3 percent, and remained unchanged for 39.5 percent. Subjects presenting initially with healthy periodontia, or gingivitis without evidence of periodontitis, tended to deteriorate or remain unchanged, while those exhibiting periodontitis tended to improve with periodontal therapy. Race (non-White) and greater age at entry were significantly associated with increased risk for poorer periodontal health at both initial and final examination. Conclusions: Although a needs-based dental care model appears effective in managing periodontal disease among those receiving active therapy, patients who receive sporadic care may deteriorate over time. To maintain periodontal health in this population, appropriate preventive and periodontal therapies should be provided soon after entry and repeated at intervals specific to individual patient need. C1 USN, Hlth Clin, Fisher Branch Dent Clin, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Diefenderfer, KE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Clin, Fisher Branch Dent Clin, Bldg 237, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM kim.diefenderfer@med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.0022-4006.2007.00008.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 148IX UT WOS:000245069200008 PM 17436979 ER PT J AU McDonald, BE Calvo, DC AF McDonald, B. Edward Calvo, David C. TI Enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 [McDonald, B. Edward; Calvo, David C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcdonald@sonar.nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3159 EP 3161 DI 10.1121/1.2793709 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 241IS UT WOS:000251650700001 PM 18247727 ER PT J AU Stanton, TK Chu, D Norton, GV AF Stanton, Timothy K. Chu, Dezhang Norton, Guy V. TI Acoustic diffraction by deformed edges of finite length: Theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE; NOISE BARRIERS; SOURCE MODEL; SOUND; SCATTERING; DISKS AB The acoustic diffraction by deformed edges of finite length is described analytically and in the frequency domain through use of an approximate line-integral formulation. The formulation is based on the diffraction per unit length of an infinitely long straight edge, which inherently limits the accuracy of the approach. The line integral is written in terms of the diffraction by a generalized edge, in that the "edge" can be a single edge or multiple closely spaced edges. Predictions based on an exact solution to the impenetrable infinite knife edge are used to estimate diffraction by the edge of a thin disk and compared with calculations based on the T-matrix approach. Predictions are then made for the more complex geometry involving an impenetrable thick disk. These latter predictions are,based on an approximate formula for double-edge diffraction [Chu et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 3177 (2007)] and are compared with laboratory data involving individual elastic (aluminum) disks spanning a range of diameters and submerged in water. The results of this study show this approximate line-integral approach to be versatile and applicable over a range of conditions. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Stanton, Timothy K.; Chu, Dezhang] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Norton, Guy V.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stanton, TK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3167 EP 3176 DI 10.1121/1.2405126 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 241IS UT WOS:000251650700003 PM 18247729 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yoo, K Fialkowski, LT AF Yang, T. C. Yoo, Kwang Fialkowski, L. T. TI Subbottom profiling using a ship towed line array and geoacoustic inversion SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB Bottom profiling traditionally uses broadband signals received on a line array at long ranges to estimate the bottom layer structure and thickness. In this paper, a subbottom profiling method is developed and applied to a ship-towed line array using the same ship towed source to estimate the subbottom layer structure and thickness. A ship towed line-array system can be used to estimate bottom properties using geoacoustic inversion and can cover a wide area in a short time. It needs some prior information about the subbottom structure and layer thickness, without which the solution can be ambiguous and even erratic when resolving parameters over a wide area. It is shown that the required subbottom information can be obtained from the time-angle relation by beamforming the same acoustic signal data used for geoacoustic inversion. The time-angle analysis is used to expose the prevalent physics intrinsic to geoacoustic inversion. One finds that the tau-p relation of the bottom and the bottom reflection coefficients, sampled at discrete angles associated with bottom and multiple surface-bottom returns, are often adequate,. for many practical applications, to uniquely determine the geoacoustic bottom at low (<= 1 kHz) frequencies. C1 [Yang, T. C.; Yoo, Kwang; Fialkowski, L. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3338 EP 3352 DI 10.1121/1.2799495 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 241IS UT WOS:000251650700018 PM 18247744 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Durran, DR AF Doyle, James D. Durran, Dale R. TI Rotor and subrotor dynamics in the lee of three-dimensional terrain SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ BILLOWS; STRATIFIED COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; VORTEX FORMATION; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; WAVES; TOPOGRAPHY; RIDGES; MODELS AB The internal structure and dynamics of rotors that form in the lee of topographic ridges are explored using a series of high-resolution eddy-resolving numerical simulations. Surface friction generates a sheet of horizontal vorticity along the lee slope that is lifted aloft by the mountain lee wave at the boundary layer separation point. Parallel-shear instability breaks this vortex sheet into small intense vortices or subrotors. The strength and evolution of the subrotors and the internal structure of the main large-scale rotor are substantially different in 2D and 3D simulations. In 2D, the subrotors are less intense and are ultimately entrained into the larger-scale rotor circulation, where they dissipate and contribute their vorticity toward the maintenance of the main rotor. In 3D, even for flow over a uniform infinitely long barrier, the subrotors are more intense, and primarily are simply swept downstream past the main rotor along the interface between that rotor and the surrounding lee wave. The average vorticity within the interior of the main rotor is much weaker and the flow is more chaotic. When an isolated peak is added to a 3D ridge, systematic along-ridge velocity perturbations create regions of preferential vortex stretching at the leading edge of the rotor. Subrotors passing through such regions are intensified by stretching and may develop values of the ridge-parallel vorticity component well in excess of those in the parent, shear-generated vortex sheet. Because of their intensity, such subrotor circulations likely pose the greatest hazard to aviation. C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Durran, Dale/G-3677-2015 OI Durran, Dale/0000-0002-6390-2584 NR 52 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 64 IS 12 BP 4202 EP 4221 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2352.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 244WQ UT WOS:000251896400003 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, Y. L. Chen, L. G. Sun, F. R. Wu, C. TI Performance of Diesel cycle with heat transfer, friction and variable specific heats of working fluid SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; generalised thermodynamic optimisation; diesel cycles; heat resistance; friction; variable specific heat ID SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; POWER; OTTO AB The performance of an air standard Diesel cycle with heat transfer loss, friction-like term loss and variable specific heats of working fluid is analysed by using finite time thermodynamics. The relationships between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relationship between the power output and the efficiency of the cycle are derived by detailed numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of temperature dependent specific heats of working fluid on the irreversible cycle performance are analysed. The results show that the effects of temperature dependent specific heats of working fluid on the irreversible cycle performance are obvious, and they should be considered in practice cycle analysis. The results obtained in the present paper may provide guidance for the design of practice Diesel engines. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 4 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1179/174602207X241941 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 239GU UT WOS:000251507600009 ER PT J AU Sansoucy, E Kim, GE Moran, AL Jodoin, B AF Sansoucy, E. Kim, G. E. Moran, A. L. Jodoin, B. TI Mechanical characteristics of Al-Co-Ce coatings produced by the cold spray process SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Thermal Spray Conference (ITSC 2007) CY MAY 14-16, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ASM Thermal Spray Soc, German Welding Soc, Int Inst Welding DE aluminum alloy; Al-Co-Ce; bond strength; cold gas dynamic spray; fatigue; residual stresses ID ALLOY; CORROSION; NANOCRYSTALLINE; DEPOSITION; RESISTANCE; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB Gas atomized feedstock particles of an Al-13Co-26Ce alloy system were sprayed using the Cold Spray deposition technique. The microstructures of the coatings produced are examined and the mechanical characteristics, in particular the bending fatigue and the bond strength, of the Al-Co-Ce coatings are reported. The results show that the Al-Co-Ce coatings improved the fatigue behavior of AA 2024-T3 specimens when compared to uncoated and Alclad specimens. During the bond strength tests, the bonding agent failed and no delamination of the coating from the substrate occurred. The microstructural features of the feedstock powder were also found in the coatings. It is suggested that the increase in the fatigue properties of the specimens can be attributed to the residual compressive stresses induced in the coatings and to the high adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrates. C1 [Sansoucy, E.; Jodoin, B.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Mech Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Kim, G. E.] Perpetual Technol, Iles Des Soeurs, PQ, Canada. [Moran, A. L.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sansoucy, E (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Mech Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM sansoucy@genie.uottawa.ca NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 651 EP 660 DI 10.1007/s11666-007-9099-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 246XN UT WOS:000252041800008 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M Motley, SR Eisner, ED AF Nichols, J. M. Trickey, S. T. Seaver, M. Motley, S. R. Eisner, E. D. TI Using ambient vibrations to detect loosening of a composite-to-metal bolted joint in the presence of strong temperature fluctuations SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE surrogate data; bolted joint; ambient vibration ID SURROGATE DATA; TIME-SERIES; NONLINEARITY; DAMAGE AB We present an approach for detecting damage-induced nonlinearities in structures. The method first involves the creation of surrogate data sets conforming to an appropriate null hypothesis (no damage). The second step is to then compare some nonlinear "feature" extracted from the original data to those extracted from the surrogates. Statistically significant differences suggest evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis, damage. Using this approach we show how loose connections can be detected using ambient "wave" forcing, conforming to the Pierson-Moskowitz distribution, as the source of excitation. We also demonstrate the ability of this technique to operate without a recorded baseline data set and in the presence of widely varying temperatures. The structure in this case is a thick, composite beam bolted to a steel frame. Data are collected using an optical strain sensing system. For this experiment we are able to reliably detect the presence of a loosened bolt. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 710 EP 717 DI 10.1115/1.2753502 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 231HH UT WOS:000250936900004 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W Colombant, D AF Manheimer, W. Colombant, D. TI Effects of viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE ion viscosity effects; laser implosion modeling; Rayleigh-Taylor instability ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; PLASMAS AB This paper examines the necessity of including ion viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions. Using the Naval Research Laboratory one-half Mega Joule laser fusion target as an example, it is shown that for virtually the entire implosion up to maximum compression, and the entire rebound after the implosion, ion viscosity is unimportant. However for about half a nanosecond before peak implosion, ion viscosity can have a significant, but by no means dominant effect on both the one-dimensional flow and on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. C1 [Colombant, D.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Manheimer, W.] USN, Maryland & Plasma Phys Div, Res Lab, RSI Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Colombant, D (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM denis.colombant@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1017/S0263034607000663 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245DM UT WOS:000251915100004 ER PT J AU Larson, KM Ashby, N Hackman, C Bertiger, W AF Larson, Kristine M. Ashby, Neil Hackman, Christine Bertiger, Willy TI An assessment of relativistic effects for low Earth orbiters: the GRACE satellites SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID GPS CARRIER-PHASE; TIME-TRANSFER AB The GRACE mission consists of two identical satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of similar to 500 km. Dual-frequency carrier-phase Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are flying on both satellites. They are used for precise orbit determination and to time-tag the K-band ranging system used to measure changes in the distances between the two satellites. The satellites are also flying ultra-stable oscillators (USOs) to achieve the mission's need for short-term (< 1 s) oscillator stability. Because of the high quality of both the GPS receivers and the oscillators, relativistic effects in the GRACE GPS data can be examined. An expression is developed for relativistic effects that explicitly includes the effects of the Earth's oblateness (J(2)). Use of this expression significantly reduces the twice per orbital period energy in the GRACE clock solutions, indicating that the effect of J2 can be significant and should be modeled for satellite clocks in low Earth orbit. After relativistic effects have been removed, both GRACE USOs show large (2 ns to 3 ns) once per orbital period signatures that correlate with voltage variations on the spacecraft. C1 [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ashby, Neil] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Hackman, Christine] USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Bertiger, Willy] Jet Prop Lab, Radiometr Tracking Grp, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Larson, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristinem.larson@gmail.com NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 484 EP 490 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/007 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 252UL UT WOS:000252472000014 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Dunand, DC Seidman, DN AF Knipling, Keith E. Dunand, David C. Seidman, David N. TI Atom probe tomographic studies of precipitation in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Australian Workshop on Atom Probe Tomography CY FEB, 2006 CL Univ Sydney, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Univ Sydney DE atom probe tomography; Al(3)Zr precipitates; local magnification; Al-Zr-Ti ID ZR-TI ALLOYS; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; SPUN AL-TI; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; COARSENING BEHAVIOR; LOCAL MAGNIFICATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; AL(SC) ALLOYS; V ALLOYS; SC ALLOY AB Atom probe tomography was utilized to measure directly the chemical compositions of Al(3)(Zr(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates with a metastable L1(2) structure formed in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys upon aging at 375 degrees C or 425 degrees C. The alloys exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of Al(3)(Zr(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates, as a result of a nonuniform dendritic distribution of solute atoms after casting. At these aging temperatures, the Zr:Ti atomic ratio in the precipitates is about 10 and 5, respectively, indicating that Ti remains mainly in solid solution rather than partitioning to the Al(3)(Zr(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates. This is interpreted as being due to the very small diffusivity of Ti in a-At, consistent with prior studies on Al-Sc-Ti and Al-Sc-Zr alloys, where the slower diffusing Zr and Ti atoms make up a small fraction of the Al(3) (Sc(1-x)Ti(x)/Zr(x)) precipitates. Unlike those alloys, however, the present Al-Zr-Ti alloys exhibit no interfacial segregation of Ti at the matrix/precipitate heterophase interface, a result that may be affected by a significant disparity in the evaporation fields of the alpha-Al matrix and Al(3)(Zr(1-x)Ti(x)) precipitates and/or a lack of local thermodynamic equilibrium at the interface. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Univ Ctr Atom Probe Tomog, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010 NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1017/S1431927607070882 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 238UR UT WOS:000251473700010 PM 18001515 ER PT J AU Wimp, GM Wooley, S Bangert, RK Young, WP Martinsen, GD Keim, P Rehill, B Lindroth, RL Whitham, TG AF Wimp, G. M. Wooley, S. Bangert, R. K. Young, W. P. Martinsen, G. D. Keim, P. Rehill, B. Lindroth, R. L. Whitham, T. G. TI Plant genetics predicts intra-annual variation in phytochemistry and arthropod community structure SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community genetics; community structure; condensed tannins; genetic composition; phenolic glycosides; Populus ID NUTRIENT BALANCE HYPOTHESIS; FOREST TENT CATERPILLARS; HYBRID ZONES; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; HERBIVORE COMMUNITIES; ASPEN PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES; VARIABLE RESPONSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CONDENSED TANNINS AB With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Biol Sci, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Dept Fisheries Resources Management, McCall, ID 83638 USA. EcoPlan Assoc Inc, Mesa, AZ 85210 USA. No Arizona Univ, Environm Genet & Genom Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wimp, GM (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM gmw22@georgetown.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255; NR 91 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 23 BP 5057 EP 5069 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03544.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 235AF UT WOS:000251205200016 PM 17927708 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Peng, MS Majumdar, SJ Aberson, SD Bishop, CH Buizza, R AF Reynolds, C. A. Peng, M. S. Majumdar, S. J. Aberson, S. D. Bishop, C. H. Buizza, R. TI Interpretation of adaptive observing guidance for Atlantic tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; SINGULAR VECTORS; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE; ECMWF; FORECASTS; MODEL; NCEP AB Adaptive observing guidance products for Atlantic tropical cyclones are compared using composite techniques that allow one to quantitatively examine differences in the spatial structures of the guidance maps and relate these differences to the constraints and approximations of the respective techniques. The guidance maps are produced using the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) based on ensembles from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and total-energy singular vectors (TESVs) produced by ECMWF and the Naval Research Laboratory. Systematic structural differences in the guidance products are linked to the fact that TESVs consider the dynamics of perturbation growth only, while the ETKF combines information on perturbation evolution with error statistics from an ensemble-based data assimilation scheme. The impact of constraining the SVs using different estimates of analysis error variance instead of a total-energy norm, in effect bringing the two methods closer together, is also assessed. When the targets are close to the storm, the TESV products are a maximum in an annulus around the storm, whereas the ETKF products are a maximum at the storm location itself. When the targets are remote from the storm, the TESVs almost always indicate targets northwest of the storm, whereas the ETKF targets are more scattered relative to the storm location and often occur over the northern North Atlantic. The ETKF guidance often coincides with locations in which the ensemble-based analysis error variance is large. As the TESV method is not designed to consider spatial differences in the likely analysis errors, it will produce targets over well-observed regions, such as the continental United States. Constraining the SV calculation using analysis error variance values from an operational 3D variational data assimilation system (with stationary, quasi-isotropic background error statistics) results in a modest modulation of the target areas away from the well-observed regions, and a modest reduction of perturbation growth. Constraining the SVs using the ETKF estimate of analysis error variance produces SV targets similar to ETKF targets and results in a significant reduction in perturbation growth, due to the highly localized nature of the analysis error variance estimates. These results illustrate the strong sensitivity of SVs to the norm (and to the analysis error variance estimate used to define it) and confirm that discrepancies between target areas computed using different methods reflect the mathematical and physical differences between the methods themselves. C1 [Reynolds, C. A.; Peng, M. S.; Bishop, C. H.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Majumdar, S. J.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Aberson, S. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Buizza, R.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM carolyn.reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 135 IS 12 BP 4006 EP 4029 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2027.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245BC UT WOS:000251908400006 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Larson, VE Hansen, JA Schanen, DP Griffin, BM AF Golaz, Jean-Christophe Larson, Vincent E. Hansen, James A. Schanen, David P. Griffin, Brian M. TI Elucidating model inadequacies in a cloud parameterization by use of an ensemble-based calibration framework SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PDF-BASED MODEL; UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; INSTABILITY AB Every cloud parameterization contains structural model errors. The source of these errors is difficult to pinpoint because cloud parameterizations contain nonlinearities and feedbacks. To elucidate these model inadequacies, this paper uses a general-purpose ensemble parameter estimation technique. In principle, the technique is applicable to any parameterization that contains a number of adjustable coefficients. It optimizes or calibrates parameter values by attempting to match predicted fields to reference datasets. Rather than striving to find the single best set of parameter values, the output is instead an ensemble of parameter sets. This ensemble provides a wealth of information. In particular, it can help uncover model deficiencies and structural errors that might not otherwise be easily revealed. The calibration technique is applied to an existing single-column model (SCM) that parameterizes boundary layer clouds. The SCM is a higher-order turbulence closure model. It is closed using a multivariate probability density function (PDF) that represents subgrid-scale variability. Reference datasets are provided by large-eddy simulations (LES) of a variety of cloudy boundary layers. The calibration technique locates some model errors in the SCM. As a result, empirical modifications are suggested. These modifications are evaluated with independent datasets and found to lead to an overall improvement in the SCM's performance. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Larson, Vincent E.; Schanen, David P.; Griffin, Brian M.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Hansen, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Chris.Golaz@noaa.gov RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 135 IS 12 BP 4077 EP 4096 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2008.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245BC UT WOS:000251908400011 ER PT J AU Booth, A AF Booth, Allyson TI Mr. Ramsay, Robert Falcon Scott, and heroic death SO MOSAIC-A JOURNAL FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF LITERATURE LA English DT Article AB This essay charts Mr. Ramsay's development as a character in To the Lighthouse by placing his journey in the historical context of Robert Falcon Scott's fatal expedition to the South Pole and in the literary contexts of the works Mr. Ramsay reads and recites to himself throughout the novel. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Booth, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV MANITOBA PI WINNIPEG PA MOSAIC 208 TIER BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0027-1276 J9 MOSAIC JI Mosaic-J. Interdiscip. Study Lit. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 135 EP 150 PG 16 WC Literature SC Literature GA 247FR UT WOS:000252063700010 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Areshkin, DA Li, JW Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Gunlycke, Daniel Areshkin, Denis A. Li, Junwen Mintmire, John W. White, Carter T. TI Graphene nanostrip digital memory device SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE; POLYACETYLENE; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; NANOTUBES; STATE; BANDS; EDGE AB In equilibrium, graphene nanostrips, with hydrogens Sp(2)-bonded to carbons along their zigzag edges, are expected to exhibit a spin-polarized ground state. However, in the presence of a ballistic current, we find that there exists a voltage range over which both spin-polarized and spin-unpolarized nanostrip states are stable. These states can represent a bit in a binary memory device that could be switched through the applied bias and read by measuring the current through the nanostrip. C1 [Gunlycke, Daniel; White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Areshkin, Denis A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Li, Junwen; Mintmire, John W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke@nrl.navy.mil; carter.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Li, Junwen/H-6061-2011; Li, Junwen/C-9032-2015; OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 33 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3608 EP 3611 DI 10.1021/nl0717917 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240IP UT WOS:000251581600011 PM 18004900 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, Brett I. TI Alternative perspective on density-functional perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED WAVE-FUNCTIONS; VARIATIONAL X-ALPHA; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LINEAR COMBINATION; ENERGY GRADIENTS; HARTREE-FOCK; ROW ATOMS; DERIVATIVES; EQUATION AB Perturbation theory is examined in analytic density-functional theory (ADFT), for which V representability means slightly more than in conventional density-functional theory because the potential is fitted. There is synergism between variationality and V representability. Together they redirect the object of perturbation theory from the set of occupied virtual orbital rotations to the change in the fit to the Kohn-Sham potential, which is called the Sambe-Felton potential. This reduces the dimensionality of perturbation theory from order N-2 to order N, where N is the number of basis functions. With variational fitting, no fractional or negative powers of the density appear when using the Slater exchange kernel, which is proportional to the cube root of the spin density. Requiring the Fock matrix and density matrix to commute through each order of perturbation theory determines the role of fractional occupation numbers in density-functional perturbation theory, which are treated via the corresponding nonintegral differences between the occupation numbers of orbitals. This theory is tested by removing a tenth or twentieth of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital for a standard set of small molecules, in which case the first- and second-order perturbed energies are accurate to 70%, when compared to the energy difference of the two corresponding self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations. For an all-electron ADFT calculation on a C-4v-symmetric Zr6O12 cluster, the timing for all SCF coupled perturbed iterations is not significant compared to the single required N-4 sum over occupied and virtual orbitals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.062512 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900058 ER PT J AU Olson, SE Terraciano, ML Bashkansky, M Fatemi, FK AF Olson, Spencer E. Terraciano, Matthew L. Bashkansky, Mark Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI Cold-atom confinement in an all-optical dark ring trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATION; LASER-BEAMS AB We demonstrate confinement of Rb-85 atoms in a dark, toroidal optical trap. We use a spatial light modulator to convert a single blue-detuned Gaussian laser beam to a superposition of Laguerre-Gaussian modes that forms a ring-shaped intensity null bounded harmonically in all directions. We measure a 1/e spin-relaxation lifetime of approximate to 1.5 s for a trap detuning of 4.0 nm. For smaller detunings, a time-dependent relaxation rate is observed. We use these relaxation rate measurements and imaging diagnostics to optimize trap alignment in a programmable manner with the modulator. The results are compared with numerical simulations. C1 [Olson, Spencer E.; Terraciano, Matthew L.; Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olson, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 061404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.061404 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900008 ER PT J AU Ruostekoski, J Dutton, Z AF Ruostekoski, J. Dutton, Zachary TI Dynamical and energetic instabilities in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; SUPERFLUID; ARRAYS; STATES AB We study dynamical and energetic instabilities in the transport properties of Bloch waves for atomic multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices in the tight-binding limit. We obtain stability criteria analytically, as a function of superfluid velocities and interaction parameters, in several cases, for two-component and spinor condensates. In the two-species case we find that the presence of the other condensate component can stabilize the superfluid flow of an otherwise unstable condensate and that the free space dynamical miscibility condition of the two species can be reversed by tuning the superfluid flow velocities. In spin-1 condensates, we find the steady-state Bloch wave solutions and characterize their stability criteria. We find that generally more regions of dynamical instability arise for the polar than for the ferromagnetic solutions. In the presence of magnetic Zeeman shifts, we find a richer variety of condensate solutions and find that the linear Zeeman shift can stabilize the superfluid flow in several cases of interest. C1 [Ruostekoski, J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dutton, Zachary] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruostekoski, J (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Math, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. NR 59 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.063607 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 246CU UT WOS:000251985900086 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kim, SG Erwin, SC AF Kim, Sungho Kim, Seong-Gon Erwin, S. C. TI Structure of the hydrogen double vacancy on Pd(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; QUANTUM; NI(100); ATOMS; H-2 AB We determine the ground-state structure of a double vacancy in a hydrogen monolayer on the Pd(111) surface. We represent the double vacancy as a triple vacancy containing one additional hydrogen atom. The potential-energy surface for a hydrogen atom moving in the triple vacancy is obtained by density-functional theory, and the wave function of the fully quantum-mechanical hydrogen atom is obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation. We find that a H atom in a divacancy defect experiences significant quantum effects and that the ground-state wave function is centered at the hcp site rather than the fcc site normally occupied by H atoms on Pd(111). Our results agree well with scanning tunneling microscopy images. C1 [Kim, Sungho] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kim, Seong-Gon] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Erwin, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kimsg@ccs.msstate.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 21 AR 214109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214109 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CW UT WOS:000251986100030 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Ma, WC Afanasjev, AV Hagemann, GB Begnaud, J Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cullen, DM Djongolov, MK Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Moore, EF Ngijoi-Yogo, E Odegard, S Riedinger, LL Rigby, SV Roux, DG Scholes, DT Yadav, RB Zhang, JY Zhu, S AF Zhang, Y. C. Ma, W. C. Afanasjev, A. V. Hagemann, G. B. Begnaud, J. Carpenter, M. P. Chowdhury, P. Cullen, D. M. Djongolov, M. K. Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Moore, E. F. Ngijoi-Yogo, E. Odegard, S. Riedinger, L. L. Rigby, S. V. Roux, D. G. Scholes, D. T. Yadav, R. B. Zhang, Jing-Ye Zhu, S. TI Nuclear shapes of highly deformed bands in Hf-171,Hf-172 and neighboring Hf isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-HOLE EXCITATIONS; MASS REGION; HIGH-SPIN; TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION; WOBBLING EXCITATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; IDENTICAL BANDS; LU-161; STATES AB A Gammasphere experiment was carried out to search for triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) structures in Hf-171,Hf-172 and the wobbling mode, a unique signature of nuclei with stable triaxiality. Three strongly deformed bands in Hf-172 and one in Hf-171 were identified through Ca-48(Te-128, xn) reactions. Linking transitions were established for the band in Hf-171 and, consequently, its excitation energies and spins (up to 111/2h) were firmly established. However, none of the Hf-172 sequences were linked to known structures. Experimental evidence of triaxiality was not observed in these bands. The new bands are compared with other known strongly deformed bands in neighboring Hf isotopes. Theoretical investigations within various models have been performed. Cranking calculations with the Ultimate Cranker code suggest that the band in Hf-171 and two previously proposed TSD candidates in Hf-170 and Hf-175 are built on proton (i(13/2)h(9/2)) configurations, associated with near-prolate shapes and deformations enhanced with respect to the normal deformed bands. Cranked relativistic mean-field calculations suggest that band 2 in Hf-175 has most likely a near-prolate superdeformed shape involving the pi i(13/2)circle times nu j(15/2) high-j intruder orbitals. It is quite likely that the bands in Hf-172 are similar in character to this band. C1 [Zhang, Y. C.; Ma, W. C.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Begnaud, J.; Ngijoi-Yogo, E.; Yadav, R. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hagemann, G. B.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Lauritsen, T.; Moore, E. F.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Cullen, D. M.; Rigby, S. V.; Scholes, D. T.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Djongolov, M. K.; Riedinger, L. L.; Zhang, Jing-Ye] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Odegard, S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064321 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246DF UT WOS:000251987000030 ER PT J AU Petrova, TB Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP AF Petrova, Tz. B. Ladouceur, H. D. Baronavski, A. P. TI Numerical modeling of the electrical breakdown and discharge properties of laser-generated plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-POOLING REACTIONS; HEAVY-PARTICLE KINETICS; CROSS-SECTIONS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; OXYGEN MOLECULES; AIR; ELECTRONS; PULSES; IONIZATION; ATTACHMENT AB An extensive nonequilibrium steady-state kinetics model incorporating collisional and radiative processes is developed to study the electrical breakdown and discharge maintenance of laser-induced atmospheric plasma channels formed in externally applied electric fields. The model is based upon a self-consistent numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function coupled with the electron energy balance equation and the population balance equations for electrons and air species. Using the electron energy distribution function, the ionization and electron attachment rates as a function of the reduced applied electric field at different degrees of ionization are calculated. We find that the ionization rate as a function of applied electric field in a laser-induced plasma channel is orders of magnitude larger than that obtained for a natural atmospheric air discharge. Therefore, the electrical breakdown of these plasma channels may occur at significantly lower applied electric fields. The present model predicts a breakdown electric field of 10 kV/cm, while the experimentally determined breakdown field strength is similar to 5.7 kV/cm [A. P. Baronavski , NRL Memorandum Report No. NRL/MR/6110-02-8642, 2002 (unpublished)], a reduction of about a factor of 5 from the natural Paschen electrical breakdown field of similar to 30 kV/cm. C1 [Petrova, Tz. B.; Ladouceur, H. D.; Baronavski, A. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mol Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ladouceur, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mol Dynam Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM harold.ladouceur@nrl.navy.mil NR 72 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 066405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.066405 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 246CT UT WOS:000251985800043 PM 18233930 ER PT J AU Harff, B AF Harff, Barbara TI The order of genocide: Race, power, and war in Rwanda SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Harff, Barbara] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Harff, Barbara] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Harff, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 122 IS 4 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 244UK UT WOS:000251890600014 ER PT J AU Modesti, M Besco, S Lorenzetti, A Causin, V Marega, C Gilman, JW Fox, DM Trulove, PC De Long, HC Zammarano, M AF Modesti, M. Besco, S. Lorenzetti, A. Causin, V. Marega, C. Gilman, J. W. Fox, D. M. Trulove, P. C. De Long, H. C. Zammarano, M. TI ABS/clay nanocomposites obtained by a solution technique: Influence of clay organic modifiers SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation CY SEP, 2006 CL San Sebastian, SPAIN SP Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros, CSIC, Madrid & Dpto Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros, Univ Pais Vasco DE ABS; nanocomposites; solution; organic modifiers ID ABS/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; LAYERED SILICATES; MORPHOLOGY; MONTMORILLONITE; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; POLYPROPYLENE; MIXTURES AB Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer/clay nanocomposites were produced using an intercalation-adsorption technique from poly mer in solution: polymer/clay suspensions were subjected to ultrasonic processing to increase the effectiveness of mixing. Several kinds of organically modified layered silicates (OMLS) were used to understand the influence of the surfactant nature on the intercalation-exfoliatio. mechanism. We show that only imidazolium-treated montmorillonite (DMHDIM-MMT) is stable at the processing temperature of 200 C used for hot-pressing, whereas alkyl-ammonium modified clays show significant degradation. The morphology of ABS based polymer nanocomposites prepared in this work was characterized by means of wide angle X-ray diffraction. (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to determine the storage modulus an, damping coefficient as a function of temperature, and to investigate the correlations between mechanical properties and morphology of the nano composites. The thermal stability was assessed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DMA and TGA show that the nanocomposite based on imidazolium-modified clay out-perform the nanocomposites based on quaternary-ammonium-modified clays in terms of mechanics properties and thermal stability. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Modesti, M.; Besco, S.; Lorenzetti, A.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Causin, V.; Marega, C.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gilman, J. W.; Zammarano, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fox, D. M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Trulove, P. C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Modesti, M (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem Proc Engn, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM michele.modesti@unipd.it OI causin, valerio/0000-0002-2581-8445 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 92 IS 12 BP 2206 EP 2213 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.01.036 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 250GY UT WOS:000252289200010 ER PT J AU Foley, T Pacheco, A Malchi, J Yetter, R Higa, K AF Foley, Timothy Pacheco, Adam Malchi, Jonathan Yetter, Richard Higa, Kelvin TI Development of nanothermite composites with variable electrostatic discharge ignition thresholds SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE discharge; electrostatic; nanoenergetics AB A brief description of an apparatus for testing the electrostatic discharge ignition threshold for sensitive materials is presented. This apparatus was used to demonstrate how fluorocarbons could alter the propensity of a nanothermite to ignite. In addition to these findings, the effect of the fluorocarbon on the pressure output of the material is reported. C1 [Foley, Timothy; Pacheco, Adam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Malchi, Jonathan; Yetter, Richard] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Higa, Kelvin] USN, China Lake, CA USA. RP Foley, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tfoley@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1002/prep.200700273 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 253RS UT WOS:000252535900001 ER PT J AU Altmann, EM Trafton, JG AF Altmann, Erik M. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Timecourse of recovery from task interruption: Data and a model SO PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TERM WORKING-MEMORY; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXITY AB Interruption of a complex cognitive task can entail, for the "interruptee:" a sense of having to recover afterward. We examined this recovery process by measuring the timecourse of responses following an interruption, sampling over 13,000 interruptions to obtain stable data. Response times dropped in a smooth curvilinear pattern for the first 10 responses (15 sec or so) of postinterruption performance. We explain this pattern in terms of the cognitive system retrieving a displaced mental context from memory incrementally, with each retrieved element adding to the set of primes facilitating the next retrieval. The model explains a learning effect in our data in which the timecourse of recovery changes over blocks, and is generally consistent with current representational theories of expertise. C1 [Altmann, Erik M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Trafton, J. Gregory] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Altmann, EM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ema@msu.edu NR 27 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 18 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 1069-9384 J9 PSYCHON B REV JI Psychon. Bull. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1084 DI 10.3758/BF03193094 PG 6 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 245HD UT WOS:000251924800008 PM 18229478 ER PT J AU Savage, JD Verdun, A AF Savage, James D. Verdun, Amy TI Reforming Europe's stability and growth pact: Lessons from the American experience in macrobudgeting SO REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY LA English DT Article DE balanced budgets; Economic and Monetary Union; European Commission; European Union; Excessive Deficit Procedure; Maastricht Treaty; Public Finance; Stability and Growth Pact; Treaty on European Union; United States ID FISCAL-POLICY COORDINATION; INTEGRATION AB Proposed and actual reforms to the European Union (EU) Stability and Growth Pact commonly retain the Pact's deficit and debt targets. The American experience with similar macrobudgetary rules suggests that deficit targets may actually act as an incentive for political leaders to engage in noncompliant behavior. If targets were revised to budgetary objectives that politicians could achieve more easily and claim credit for accomplishing, compliance with the new macrobudgetary rules might be increased. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Polit, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Polit Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. RP Savage, JD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Polit, 232 Cabell Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-2290 J9 REV INT POLIT ECON JI Rev. Int. Polit. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 BP 842 EP 867 DI 10.1080/09692290701642747 PG 26 WC Economics; International Relations; Political Science SC Business & Economics; International Relations; Government & Law GA 239HT UT WOS:000251510100006 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF AF Fonda, R. W. Bingert, J. F. TI Texture variations in an aluminum friction stir weld SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; texture; shear deformation; electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); aluminum alloys ID STOP-ACTION TECHNIQUE; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; AXIAL STRESSES; TORSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAINS; FLOW; AL AB The banding in a friction stir weld was determined to correspond to a periodic textural variation between the B root B component and a mixture of B root B and C components of the simple shear texture. These textures have similar deformation reference frames, indicating that the banding arises from a periodic variation in the strain magnitude or temperature during welding. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6356,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.068 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221QJ UT WOS:000250242100020 ER PT J AU Lee, ZP Carder, K Arnone, R He, MX AF Lee, ZhongPing Carder, Kendall Arnone, Robert He, MingXia TI Determination of primary spectral bands for remote sensing of aquatic environments SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE ocean-color remote sensing; spectral bands ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR; SHALLOW WATERS; RED-TIDE; CASE-I; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; ABSORPTION AB About 30 years ago, NASA launched the first ocean-color observing satellite: the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. CZCS had 5 bands in the visible-infrared domain with an objective to detect changes of phytoplankton ( measured by concentration of chlorophyll) in the oceans. Twenty years later, for the same objective but with advanced technology, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 7 bands), the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer ( MODIS, 8 bands), and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS, 12 bands) were launched. The selection of the number of bands and their positions was based on experimental and theoretical results achieved before the design of these satellite sensors. Recently, Lee and Carder ( 2002) demonstrated that for adequate derivation of major properties ( phytoplankton biomass, colored dissolved organic matter, suspended sediments, and bottom properties) in both oceanic and coastal environments from observation of water color, it is better for a sensor to have similar to 15 bands in the 400-800 nm range. In that study, however, it did not provide detailed analyses regarding the spectral locations of the 15 bands. Here, from nearly 400 hyperspectral (similar to 3nm resolution) measurements of remote-sensing reflectance ( a measure of water color) taken in both coastal and oceanic waters covering both optically deep and optically shallow waters, first- and second-order derivatives were calculated after interpolating the measurements to 1-nm resolution. From these derivatives, the frequency of zero values for each wavelength was accounted for, and the distribution spectrum of such frequencies was obtained. Furthermore, the wavelengths that have the highest appearance of zeros were identified. Because these spectral locations indicate extrema ( a local maximum or minimum) of the reflectance spectrum or inflections of the spectral curvature, placing the bands of a sensor at these wavelengths maximizes the potential of capturing ( and then restoring) the spectral curve, and thus maximizes the potential of accurately deriving properties of the water column and/or bottom of various aquatic environments with a multi-band sensor. C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Arnone, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Carder, Kendall] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [He, MingXia] Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3428 EP 3441 DI 10.3390/s7123428 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 255AE UT WOS:000252628300028 ER PT J AU Chevalier, JF AF Chevalier, Joan F. TI Russian-English code-switching in New York City SO SLAVIC AND EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Chevalier, Joan F.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chevalier, JF (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS SLAVIC EAST EUROPEAN LANGUAGES PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA MODERN LANGUAGES BUILDING, TUCSON, AZ 85287 USA SN 0037-6752 J9 SLAVIC E EUR J JI Slavic East Eur. J. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 832 EP 834 PG 3 WC Literature, Slavic SC Literature GA 289FX UT WOS:000255041500044 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, K Marsch, E Dwivedi, BN Feldman, U AF Wilhelm, Klaus Marsch, Eckart Dwivedi, Bhola N. Feldman, Uri TI Observations of the Sun at vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths from space. Part II: Results and interpretations SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solar VUV-observations and interpretations; solar atmosphere; solar plasma processes and parameters ID SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; POLAR CORONAL HOLE; X-RAY-SPECTRA; R-CIRCLE-DOT; EMISSION-LINE PROFILES; PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-RESOLUTION TELESCOPE; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; SOHO EIT OBSERVATIONS; INTERPLANETARY ALFVENIC FLUCTUATIONS AB In Part I of this review, the concepts of solar vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) observations were outlined together with a discussion of the space instrumentation used for the investigations. A section on spectroradiometry provided some quantitative results on the solar VUV radiation without considering any details of the solar phenomena leading to the radiation. Here, in Part II, we present solar VUV observations over the last decades and their interpretations in terms of the plasma processes and the parameters of the solar atmosphere, with emphasis on the spatial and thermal structures of the chromosphere, transition region and corona of the quiet Sun. In addition, observations of active regions, solar flares and prominences are included as well as of small-scale events. Special sections are devoted to the elemental composition of the solar atmosphere and theoretical considerations on the heating of the corona and the generation of the solar wind. C1 [Wilhelm, Klaus; Marsch, Eckart; Dwivedi, Bhola N.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch MPS, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Dwivedi, Bhola N.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, Uri] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilhelm, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch MPS, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM wilhelm@mps.mpg.de NR 661 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9285-0 PG 77 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277IS UT WOS:000254206500003 ER PT J AU Vu, T AF Vu, Tuong TI State formation and the origins of developmental states in South Korea and Indonesia SO STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID JAPANESE COLONIALISM AB This article addresses the question why developmental states emerged where they did, with a focus on the cases of South Korea and Indonesia. The analysis centers on state developmental structures, not on developmental roles or pro-growth policies. In contrast with existing scholarship that stresses colonial legacies, I argue that intraelite and elite-mass interactions, especially, but not necessarily during state formation, are the primary origin of developmental states. The framework suggested here not only fills in a critical theoretical lacuna in the developmental state literature, but also contributes to the debate on the relationship between regime types and development. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Vu, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 104 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0039-3606 J9 STUD COMP INT DEV JI Stud. Comp. Int. Dev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 27 EP 56 DI 10.1007/BF02800470 PG 30 WC International Relations; Planning & Development; Political Science SC International Relations; Public Administration; Government & Law GA 147IV UT WOS:000244997500002 ER PT J AU Clem, JR Claassen, JH Mawatari, Y AF Clem, John R. Claassen, J. H. Mawatari, Yasunori TI AC losses in a finite Z stack using an anisotropic homogeneous-medium approximation SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD; MAGNETIZATION AB A finite stack of thin superconducting tapes, all carrying a fixed current I, can be approximated by an anisotropic superconducting bar with critical current density J(c) = I-c/2aD, where I-c is the critical current of each tape, 2a is the tape width, and D is the tape-to-tape periodicity. The current density J must obey the constraint integral J dx = I/D, where the tapes lie parallel to the x axis and are stacked along the z axis. We suppose that Jc is independent of field (Bean approximation) and look for a solution to the critical state for arbitrary height 2b of the stack. For c < vertical bar x vertical bar < a we have J = J(c), and for vertical bar x vertical bar < c the critical state requires that B-z = 0. We show that this implies. partial derivative J/partial derivative x = 0 in the central region. Setting c as a constant (independent of z) results in field profiles remarkably close to the desired one (Bz = 0 for vertical bar x vertical bar < c) as long as the aspect ratio b/a is not too small. We evaluate various criteria for choosing c, and we show that the calculated hysteretic losses depend only weakly on how c is chosen. We argue that for small D/a the anisotropic homogeneous-medium approximation gives a reasonably accurate estimate of the ac losses in a finite Z stack. The results for a Z stack can be used to calculate the transport losses in a pancake coil wound with superconducting tape. C1 [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Claassen, J. H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mawatari, Yasunori] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM clem@ameslab.gov NR 18 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1130 EP 1139 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/12/008 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 248XJ UT WOS:000252190200009 ER PT J AU Kujawski, E Miller, GA AF Kujawski, Edouard Miller, Gregory A. TI Quantitative risk-based analysis for military counterterrorism systems SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE terrorism; counterterrorism; threats; needs analysis; quantitative probabilistic risk assessment; risk assessment matrix; decision-attack event tree; Monte Carlo simulation ID UNCERTAINTIES; TREES AB This paper presents a realistic and practical approach to quantitatively assess the risk-reduction capabilities of military counterterrorism systems in terms of damage cost and casualty figures. The comparison of alternatives is thereby based on absolute quantities rather than an aggregated utility or value provided by multicriteria decision analysis methods. The key elements of the approach are (1) the use of decision-attack event trees for modeling and analyzing scenarios, (2) a portfolio model approach for analyzing multiple threats, and (3) the quantitative probabilistic risk assessment matrix for communicating the results. Decision-attack event trees are especially appropriate for modeling and analyzing terrorist attacks where the sequence of events and outcomes are time-sensitive. The actions of the attackers and the defenders are modeled as decisions and the outcomes are modeled as probabilistic events. The quantitative probabilistic risk assessment matrix provides information about the range of the possible outcomes while retaining the simplicity of the classic safety risk assessment matrix based on Mil-Std-882D. it therefore provides a simple and reliable tool for comparing alternatives on the basis of risk including confidence levels rather than single point estimates. This additional valuable information requires minimal additional effort. The proposed approach is illustrated using a simplified but realistic model of a destroyer operating in inland restricted waters. The complex problem of choosing a robust counter-terrorism protection system against multiple terrorist threats is analyzed by introducing a surrogate multi-threat portfolio. The associated risk profile provides a practical approach for assessing the robustness of different counterterrorism systems against plausible terrorist threats. The paper documents the analysis for a hypothetical case of three potential threats. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kujawski, Edouard; Miller, Gregory A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kujawski, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ekujawsk@nps.edu FU Naval Post-graduate School FX This work was performed as part of the Naval Post-graduate School institutionally funded research. The authors thank David Lum and Michael Terry, two Naval Postgraduate Students who worked oil the Deterrence of Naval Threats MSSE capstone project, for their inputs to the scenario presented in Section 5. They also gratefully acknowledge five anonymous reviewers, who through their thorough reviews, insightful comments, and excellent suggestions have significantly contributed to the quality and content of the paper. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYST ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 273 EP 289 DI 10.1002/sys.20075 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 340RM UT WOS:000258662700001 ER PT J AU Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Singer, IL AF Dvorak, S. D. Wahl, K. J. Singer, I. L. TI In situ analysis of third body contributions to sliding friction of a Pb-Mo-S coating in dry and humid air SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MoS2; solid lubrication; in situ tribology; velocity accommodation; rheology ID RAMAN TRIBOMETRY; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; TRANSFER FILMS; WEAR BEHAVIOR; IBAD MOS2; COMPOSITE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISMS; DEPOSITION AB Reciprocating sliding tests of ion-beam deposited (IBD) Pb-Mo-S coatings were performed with an in situ tribometer that allows real-time visualization and Raman analysis of the sliding contact through a transparent hemisphere. Experiments were performed in dry air, ambient air (similar to 50% RH) and mixtures of dry and humid air cycled between low and high humidity. Third bodies formed in the sliding contact were monitored through an optical microscope and analyzed by Raman Spectroscopy. Third body velocity accommodation modes were identified and correlated with friction behavior in dry and ambient air. The dominant velocity accommodation mode in both dry and humid air was interfacial sliding between the outer surface of the transfer film and the wear track; this interface, based on present and earlier studies, is crystalline MoS2. Therefore, the friction coefficient was controlled by the interfacial shear strength of MoS2 sliding against MoS2. Humid air sliding was accompanied by a rise in the friction coefficient and a small but observable second velocity accommodation mode: shear/extrusion of the transfer film. It is concluded that the friction rise in humid air was due to an increase in the interfacial shear strength, and that the rise in friction caused the third body to deform rather than the deformation causing the friction to rise. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s11249-007-9270-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 224ZI UT WOS:000250486500005 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Chou, KH Lin, PH Aberson, SD Peng, MS Nakazawa, T AF Wu, Chun-Chieh Chou, Kun-Hsuan Lin, Po-Hsiung Aberson, Sim D. Peng, Melinda S. Nakazawa, Tetsuo TI Impact of dropwindsonde data on typhoon track forecasts in DOTSTAR SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GFDL HURRICANE MODEL; SURROUNDING FLOW RELATIONSHIPS; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVEMENT; PREDICTION SYSTEM; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; GLOBAL ANALYSES; INITIALIZATION; SIMULATION AB Starting from 2003, a new typhoon surveillance program, Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR), was launched. During 2004, 10 missions for eight typhoons were conducted successfully with 155 dropwindsondes deployed. In this study, the impact of these dropwindsonde data on tropical cyclone track forecasts has been evaluated with five models (four operational and one research models). All models, except the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane model, show the positive impact that the dropwindsonde data have on tropical cyclone track forecasts. During the first 72 h, the mean track error reductions in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS), the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) of the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC), and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) Global Spectral Model (GSM) are 14%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. The track error reduction in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, in which the initial conditions are directly interpolated from the operational GFS forecast, is 16%. However, the mean track improvement in the GFDL model is a statistically insignificant 3%. The 72-h-average track error reduction from the ensemble mean of the above three global models is 22%, which is consistent with the track forecast improvement in Atlantic tropical cyclones from surveillance missions. In all, despite the fact that the impact of the dropwindsonde data is not statistically significant due to the limited number of DOTSTAR cases in 2004, the overall added value of the dropwindsonde data in improving typhoon track forecasts over the western North Pacific is encouraging. Further progress in the targeted observations of the dropwindsonde surveillances and satellite data, and in the modeling and data assimilation system, is expected to lead to even greater improvement in tropical cyclone track forecasts. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Chou, Kun-Hsuan; Lin, Po-Hsiung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; nakazawa, tetsuo/P-9063-2014; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 NR 42 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1176 DI 10.1175/2007WAF2006062.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247PJ UT WOS:000252091500001 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Zamorski, M Smith, B Riddle, JR LeardMann, CA Wells, TS Engel, CC Hoge, CW Adkins, J Blaze, D AF Smith, Tyler C. Zamorski, Mark Smith, Besa Riddle, James R. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Wells, Timothy S. Engel, Charles C. Hoge, Charles W. Adkins, Joyce Blaze, Dan CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI The physical and mental health of a large military cohort: baseline functional health status of the Millennium Cohort SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; GULF-WAR VETERANS; IRAQ-WAR; GENDER DIFFERENCES; CARE UTILIZATION; WOMEN VETERANS; WHITEHALL-II; US MILITARY; SF-36; PERSONNEL AB Background: The US military is currently involved in large, lengthy, and complex combat operations around the world. Effective military operations require optimal health of deployed service members, and both mental and physical health can be affected by military operations. Methods: Baseline data were collected from 77,047 US service members during 2001-2003 as part of a large, longitudinal, population-based military health study (the Millennium Cohort Study). The authors calculated unadjusted, adjusted, and weighted means for the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item Survey for Veterans physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores over a variety of demographic and military characteristics at baseline. Results: The unadjusted mean PCS and MCS scores for this study were 53.4 (95% confidence interval: 53.3-53.4) and 52.8 (95% confidence interval: 52.7-52.9). Average PCS and MCS scores were slightly more favorable in this military sample compared to those of the US general population of the same age and sex. Factors independently associated with more favorable health status included male gender, being married, higher educational attainment, higher military rank, and Air Force service. Combat specialists had similar health status compared to other military occupations. Having been deployed to Southwest Asia, Bosnia, or Kosovo between 1998 and 2000 was not associated with diminished health status. Conclusion: The baseline health status of this large population-based military cohort is better than that of the US general population of the same age and sex distribution over the same time period, especially in older age groups. Deployment experiences during the period of 1998-2001 were not associated with decreased health status. These data will serve as a useful reference for other military health studies and for future longitudinal analyses. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; LeardMann, Cynthia A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Zamorski, Mark] Univ Ottawa, Dept Family Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Zamorski, Mark] Canadian Forces Hlth Serv Grp Headquarters, Directorate Med Policy, Deployment Hlth Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Engel, Charles C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Riddle, James R.; Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoge, Charles W.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Adkins, Joyce] Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Force Hlth Protect, Washington, DC USA. [Blaze, Dan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. EM Tyler.Smith2@med.navy.mil; Zamorski.MA@forces.gc.ca; Besa.Smith@med.navy.mil; James.Riddle@wpafb.af.mil; Cynthia.LeardMann@med.navy.mil; Timothy.Wells@wpafb.af.mil; Charles.Engel@na.amedd.army.mil; Charles.Hoge@na.amedd.army.mil; Joyce.Adkins@deploymenthealth.osd.mil; blaze001@mc.duke.edu NR 64 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 340 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-7-340 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256LD UT WOS:000252729400001 PM 18039387 ER PT J AU Schermer, RT AF Schermer, Ross T. TI Mode scalability in bent optical fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC WAVE-GUIDES; AREA FIBERS; MULTIMODE FIBER; ENERGY; LASER; BIREFRINGENCE; WAVEGUIDES; DISTORTION; CURVATURE; OPERATION AB This paper introduces a simple, analytical method for generalizing the behavior of bent, weakly-guided fibers and waveguides. It begins with a comprehensive study of the modes of the bent step-index fiber, which is later extended to encompass a wide range of more complicated waveguide geometries. The analysis is based on the introduction of a scaling parameter, analogous to the V-number for straight step-index fibers, for the bend radius. When this parameter remains constant, waveguides of different bend radii, numerical apertures and wavelengths will all propagate identical mode field distributions, except scaled in size. This allows the behavior of individual waveguides to be broadly extended, and is especially useful for generalizing the results of numerical simulations. The technique is applied to the bent step-index fiber in this paper to arrive at simple analytical formulae for the propagation constant and mode area, which are valid well beyond the transition to whispering-gallery modes. Animations illustrating mode deformation with respect to bending and curves describing polarization decoupling are also presented, which encompass the entire family of weakly-guided, step-index fibers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schermer, RT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schermer@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 24 BP 15674 EP 15701 DI 10.1364/OE.15.015674 PG 28 WC Optics SC Optics GA 235HI UT WOS:000251223900005 PM 19550854 ER PT J AU Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, T. L. TI Theory of fast optical spin rotation in a quantum dot based on geometric phases and trapped states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A method is proposed for the optical rotation of the spin of an electron in a quantum dot using excited trion states to implement operations significantly faster than those of most existing proposals. Key ingredients are the geometric phase induced by 2 pi hyperbolic secant pulses, use of coherently trapped states and use of naturally dark states. Our proposal covers a variety of quantum dots by addressing different parameter regimes. Numerical simulations with typical parameters for InAs self-assembled quantum dots, including their dissipative dynamics, give fidelities of the operations in excess of 99%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Economou, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 217401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500057 PM 18233252 ER PT J AU Tu, XM Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W AF Tu, Xiaomin Pehrsson, Pehr E. Zhao, Wei TI Redox reaction of DNA-Encased HiPco carbon nanotubes with hydrogen peroxide: A near infrared optical sensitivity and kinetics study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BUFFERS; SENSORS; HYBRIDS AB The near-infrared optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted particular attention for nanobiosensors based on their redox chemistry. In this work, we studied the redox reaction of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-encased HiPco nanotubes with hydrogen peroxide. The absorption intensity of the near-infrared interband transitions of semiconducting nanotubes decays exponentially with reaction time. The rate constant increases linearly with the H2O2 concentration, consistent with pseudo first-order kinetics. The spectral changes are reversible by tuning the pH, and the sensitivity is enhanced at lower pH in the pH range of 6-8. The reaction rate depends on the buffer, which follows the order MES > Tris > phosphate > TE. The detection limit for H2O2 is determined by three different methods based on the concentration-dependent rate constant, spectral intensity change, and signal-to-noise ratio. Our current work provides new insights into the solution chemistry of the ssDNA-SWNT hybrids for optical biosensing. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wxzhao@ualr.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 17227 EP 17231 DI 10.1021/jp075966c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 232MT UT WOS:000251024500014 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA AF Bernhardt, Paul A. TI Quasi-analytic models for density bubbles and plasma clouds in the equatorial ionosphere: 2. A simple Lagrangian transport model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; LINEAR-THEORY; INSTABILITY AB The transport equations for the motion of plasma in the equatorial ionosphere are solved using exact solutions for induced electric potentials and deformation of plasma density coordinates. The primary purpose of the quasi-analytic model is to provide an efficient description of the plasma structure in the equatorial ionosphere suitable for investigation of effects on radio wave propagation and ionospheric sensors. The analytic model of the electric fields produces incompressible motion that moves the locations of ``plasma cells'' but does not change the density of the plasma in each cell. This Lagrangian approach employs a time-dependent coordinate mapping of the undisturbed layer grid. Using internal electric potentials of the bubbles and external polarizations of the F layer as a whole, a transport model yields tilted plasma plumes that move through the F region. Irregularity steepening is obtained with this model. The time-dependent computer model provides useful plasma densities in a fraction of the time for fully numerical simulations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A11 AR A11310 DI 10.1029/2007JA012287 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235WF UT WOS:000251264300001 ER PT J AU Antunes, A Wallin, J AF Antunes, Alex Wallin, John TI Dynamical parameters for AM 0644-741 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; stars : formation ID SOUTHERN RING GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; INTERACTING GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES; SCHMIDT LAW; FEEDBACK; CARTWHEEL; TREESPH; MODELS AB We present a simulation match to the 2004 Hubble Heritage high-resolution optical images of AM 0644-741. In N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of AM 0644-741, we recreate the star formation features, as well as the underlying kinematics. Our simulations contain sufficient numerical density to accurately distinguish the overlapping/double ring, as well as the off-center nucleus seen in the radio observations of Higdon & Wallin and the young stellar features noted in the Space Telescope Science Institute Heritage observation. Derived star formation rates for the ring and nucleus match the observed star formation features, particularly when using a d rho/dt star formation formulation. Kinematic comparison with the results of Few and collaborators yields a match for the ring velocities but not necessarily the companion. We note that the gravity and gas dynamics, modeled by N-body plus SPH, dominate over feedback from stellar evolution effects (modeled using a variety of Schmidt-type parameters), resolving the dilemma posed by Cox and coworkers. Comparing our simulation to reality gives us insight into the ring longevity and likely generative impact scenario, reaffirming the collisional origins of this ring. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Antunes, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7660, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexander.antunes@nrl.navy.mil; jwallin@gmu.edu NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1086/522022 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400018 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Beal, D AF Huyer, Stephen A. Beal, David TI A turbulent inflow model based on velocity modulation SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This article presents a novel turbulent inflow model based on modulation of the velocity field for use with time-domain propulsor calculations. Given an experimental mean and rms turbulent inflow, a model can be constructed by modulating the velocity field over a range of frequencies. Assuming the turbulence is homogeneous, the inflow can be constructed as a Fourier series where the frequencies can also be modulated to smooth the broadband output. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, experimental inflow velocity data were acquired for an upstream stator, downstream rotor configuration mounted on an undersea vehicle afterbody. Two main sources of turbulence originated from the vorticity shed from the stator wakes and the boundary layer vorticity produced on the hull body. Three-dimensional, unsteady velocity data were acquired using hot-wire anemometry and reduced to provide mean and rms velocity values. Time-series data were processed to provide velocity power spectra used to calibrate the model. Simulations were performed using a modified version of the propulsor unsteady flow code capable of computing fully turbulent inflows. This solver models the propulsor blade as a vortex lattice and sheds the vorticity into the wake to solve the unsteady potential flow. The no-flux boundary conditions are satisfied at the lattice control points and the resulting unsteady circulation is a function of the instantaneous inflow velocity field over the blade. Vorticity is shed into the wake to account for the full time history of the inflow velocity field. To demonstrate the full effectiveness of the model, computed surface pressure data were exported to a code to compute the far-field radiated noise (both tonal and broadband). Simulated data were compared with experimentally obtained noise data with favorable results. Applications of this methodology in the incompressible flow domain include broadband analysis of propulsor-radiated noise on undersea vehicles and radiator fan noise in cars. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Propul & Mot Control Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Propul & Mot Control Branch, Code 8233,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM huyersa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.06.051 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 220DR UT WOS:000250137600003 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Keller, TM Laskoski, M Little, CA Osofsky, MS Khan, HR AF Qadri, S. B. Keller, T. M. Laskoski, M. Little, C. A. Osofsky, M. S. Khan, H. R. TI Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline RuCo alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC SYNTHESIS; CO/RU AB Nanoparticles of Ru1-xCox (0 <= x <= 1) in the carbon matrix were synthesized over the entire compositional range using organometallic precursors. For Co concentrations with x <= 0.75, a hexagonal close packed phase was formed, whereas a face centered cubic phase was observed for x>0.75. The crystallite sizes varied between 5 and 10 nm. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes formed during the pyrolysis of the precursors. Increasing ferromagnetic order was observed with increasing Co concentration. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Ion Beam & Vacuum Technol, D-73730 Esslingen, Germany. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM syed.qadri@nrl.navy.mil RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1063/1.2814061 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 233QN UT WOS:000251105500039 ER PT J AU van't Erve, OMJ Hanbicki, AT Holub, M Li, CH Awo-Affouda, C Thompson, PE Jonker, BT AF van't Erve, O. M. J. Hanbicki, A. T. Holub, M. Li, C. H. Awo-Affouda, C. Thompson, P. E. Jonker, B. T. TI Electrical injection and detection of spin-polarized carriers in silicon in a lateral transport geometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL/TUNNEL BARRIER CONTACT; SEMICONDUCTOR; METAL AB We present the electrical injection, detection, and magnetic field modulation of lateral diffusive spin transport through silicon using surface contacts. Fe/Al2O3 tunnel barrier contacts are used to create and analyze the flow of pure spin current in a silicon transport channel. Nonlocal detection techniques show that the spin current detected after transport through the silicon is sensitive to the relative orientation of the magnetization of the injecting and detecting contacts. Hanle effect measurements demonstrate that the spin current can be modulated by a perpendicular magnetic field, which causes the spin to precess and dephase in the transport channel. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vanterve@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 168 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 21 AR 212109 DI 10.1063/1.2817747 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 233QN UT WOS:000251105500022 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Anderson, GP Goldman, ER AF Liu, Jinny L. Anderson, George P. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Isolation of anti-toxin single domain antibodies from a semi-synthetic spiny dogfish shark display library SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; VARIABLE DOMAIN; AFFINITY MATURATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; RANDOM MUTAGENESIS; NURSE SHARK; IGNAR; FRAGMENTS; SELECTION; NAR AB Background: Shark heavy chain antibody, also called new antigen receptor (NAR), consists of one single Variable domain (VH), containing only two complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). The antigen binding affinity and specificity are mainly determined by these two CDRs. The good solubility, excellent thermal stability and complex sequence variation of small single domain antibodies (sdAbs) make them attractive alternatives to conventional antibodies. In this report, we construct and characterize a diversity enhanced semi-synthetic NAR V display library based on naturally occurring NAR V sequences. Results: A semi-synthetic shark sdAb display library with a complexity close to Ie9 was constructed. This was achieved by introducing size and sequence variations in CDR3 using randomized CDR3 primers of three different lengths. Binders against three toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), ricin, and botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) complex toxoid, were isolated from panning the display library. Soluble sdAbs from selected binders were purified and evaluated using direct binding and thermal stability assays on the Luminex 100. In addition, sandwich assays using sdAb as the reporter element were developed to demonstrate their utility for future sensor applications. Conclusion: We demonstrated the utility of a newly created hyper diversified shark NAR displayed library to serve as a source of thermal stable sdAbs against a variety of toxins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jinny.liu@nrl.navy.mil; george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil; ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 78 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-7-78 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 259WD UT WOS:000252970700001 PM 18021450 ER PT J AU Book, JW Signell, RP Perkins, H AF Book, J. W. Signell, Richard P. Perkins, Henry TI Measurements of storm and nonstorm circulation in the northern Adriatic: October 2002 Through April 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SURFACE CIRCULATION; ADCP; PREDICTION; VENICE; WINTER; SHELF AB Fifteen bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were deployed from October 2002 through April 2003 in the northern Adriatic Sea. Average transport from the portion of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) along the Italian slope was 0.1470 +/- 0.0043 Sv, punctuated by bursts of more than twice that amount during storm events. Monthly means were calculated with times of strong wind-driven circulation excluded. These suggest a 2002/2003 seasonal separation consisting of October, December through February, and March through April. An extreme Po River flood influenced November conditions making seasonal categorization difficult. October generally had more kinetic energy and more vertical structure than other months, and near-inertial waves were more frequent in April and October. The Eastern Adriatic Current (EAC)/WAC (i.e. inflow/outflow) system was clearly present in the means for all months. The cyclonic gyre north of the Po River was present October through February. Generally, in the WAC, over 50% of kinetic energy came from vertically uniform monthly mean flows. Elsewhere, eddy kinetic energy was stronger than mean kinetic energy with 10-40% contributions for vertically uniform monthly mean flows, 40-60% for vertically uniform monthly varying flows, and 10-30% for vertically varying monthly varying flows. Mean currents for bora storms indicate enhancement of the EAC/WAC and the cyclonic northern gyre, a shift toward Kvarner Bay in EAC direction, a circulation null point south of the Po, and double-gyre bifurcation of flow at Istria. Strengthening of both the EAC and WAC also occurs during sirocco storms. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Book, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C11 AR C11S92 DI 10.1029/2006JC003556 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 233AD UT WOS:000251061900002 ER PT J AU Carlson, HC Pedersen, T Basu, S Keskinen, M Moen, J AF Carlson, Herbert C. Pedersen, Todd Basu, Santimay Keskinen, Mike Moen, Joran TI Case for a new process, not mechanism, for cusp irregularity production SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GRADIENT DRIFT INSTABILITY; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; HF RADAR BACKSCATTER; POLAR-CAP; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; F-REGION; PLASMA; DENSITY; PATCHES AB Two plasma instability mechanisms are currently thought to dominate formation of plasma irregularities in the F region high-latitude and polar ionosphere: the gradient-drift driven instability and velocity-shear driven instability. The former mechanism is accepted as accounting for structuring plasma in polar cap patches and the latter for structuring plasma in polar cap Sun-aligned arcs. Recent work has established a dominant patch formation process, involving magnetic reconnection driving strong plasma shears repeatedly observed in the cusp. Proceeding from this, we present the case for a needed new plasma structuring process (not new mechanism), whereby shear-driven instabilities first rapidly structure the entering plasma, after which gradient drift instabilities build on these large '' seed '' irregularities. Correct modeling of cusp and early polar cap patch structuring will not be accomplished without allowing for this compound process. This compound process also explains previously unexplained characteristics of cusp and early polar cap patch irregularities. C1 [Carlson, Herbert C.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pedersen, Todd; Basu, Santimay] AF Res Lab, VSBXI, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Keskinen, Mike] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moen, Joran] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway. [Moen, Joran] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Carlson, HC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, 4405 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM berb.carlson@afosr.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A11 AR A11304 DI 10.1029/2007JA012384 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 233AO UT WOS:000251063000005 ER PT J AU Riccio, AI Wodajo, FM Malawer, M AF Riccio, Anthony I. Wodajo, Felasfa M. Malawer, Martin TI Metastatic carcinoma of. the long bones SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CARCINOMA; PROSTATE-CANCER; BISPHOSPHONATES; DISEASE; RADIOTHERAPY; PAMIDRONATE; TRIALS AB Breast, prostate, renal, thyroid, and lung carcinomas commonly metastasize to bone. Managing skeletal metastatic disease can be complex. Pain is the most common presenting symptom and requires thorough radiographic and laboratory evaluation. If plain-film radiography is not sufficient for diagnosis, a bone scan may detect occult lesions. Patients with lytic skeletal metastases may be at risk for impending fracture. Destructive lesions in the proximal femur and hip area are particularly worrisome. High-risk patients require immediate referral to an orthopedic surgeon. Patients who are not at risk for impending fracture can be treated with a combination of radiotherapy and adjuvant drug therapy. Bisphosphonates diminish pain and prolong the time to significant skeletal complications. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA USA. Washington Canc Inst, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Wodajo, FM (reprint author), 5530 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 1660, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. EM wodajo@tumors.md NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1494 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236HW UT WOS:000251294800007 PM 18052014 ER PT J AU Jarosz, E Hallock, ZR Teague, WJ AF Jarosz, E. Hallock, Z. R. Teague, W. J. TI Near-inertial currents in the DeSoto Canyon region SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE near-inertial currents; current-wind resonance; Gulf of Mexico; DeSoto Canyon ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WIND-INDUCED CURRENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERNAL WAVES; COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON COAST; MIXED LAYER; OSCILLATIONS; PROPAGATION; SEA AB Near-inertial currents in the DeSoto Canyon region are described using current and wind observations taken between April 1997 and March 1998 for the "DeSoto Canyon Eddy Intrusion Study". Distinct energy peaks are present at near-inertial frequencies for the clockwise spectrum and there is little energy at the same frequencies for the counterclockwise current spectrum. In this region, amplitudes of the near-inertial currents can be as high as 40 cm s(-1). These currents are surface-intensified and display an increase in amplitude from the shelf break to offshore. Between November 1997 and March 1998, they were effectively generated by shifting winds accompanying passages of cold fronts. For this time period, near-inertial currents are reasonably well-simulated by a mixed-layer model forced by observed winds. During summer 1997, however, enhanced near-inertial motions often resulted from resonance between winds and existing currents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Jarosz, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ewa.jarosz@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2407 EP 2426 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.014 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 238VD UT WOS:000251475000001 ER PT J AU Moody, NA Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG AF Moody, Nathan A. Jensen, Kevin L. Feldman, Donald W. Montgomery, Eric J. O'Shea, Patrick G. TI Factors affecting performance of dispenser photocathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-BRIGHTNESS; SURFACE; DIFFUSION; OPERATION; TUNGSTEN; CATHODE; FILMS; PHOTOINJECTORS; DEPOSITION; INJECTORS AB Usable lifetime has long been a limitation of high efficiency photocathodes in high average current accelerator applications such as free electron lasers, where poor vacuum conditions and high incident laser power contribute to early degradation in electron beam emission. Recent progress has been made in adapting well known thermionic dispenser techniques to photocathodes, resulting in a dispenser photocathode whose photosensitive surface coating of cesium can be periodically replenished to extend effective lifetime. This article details the design and fabrication process of a prototype cesium dispenser photocathode and describes in detail the dominant factors affecting its performance: activation procedure, surface cleanliness, temperature, and substrate microstructure. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ESTD, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmoody@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 104901 DI 10.1063/1.2805653 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900099 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Osuna, M Kajon, AE Hawksworth, AW Irvine, M Russell, KL AF Metzgar, David Osuna, Miguel Kajon, Adriana E. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Irvine, Marina Russell, Kevin L. TI Abrupt emergence of diverse species B adenoviruses at US military recruit training centers SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNG-ADULTS; INFECTIONS; TYPE-7; IDENTIFICATION; ILLNESS; VACCINE; COINFECTIONS AB Background. Adenoviruses (Ads) cause continuous outbreaks of acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military training facilities. In 1996, the loss of vaccines targeting the dominant recruit- associated serotypes precipitated the reemergence of Ads in these populations. Between 1999 and 2002, serotype 4 accounted for >95% of Ads isolated from recruits and for >50% of ARD cases in training facilities (15,000 cases/year). Methods. Ads (n = 1867) collected between 2002 and 2006 from recruits with ARD at 8 military training facilities in the United States were serotyped by serum neutralization and polymerase chain reaction. Results. The dominance of Ad4 continued through 2005, followed by a simultaneous emergence of diverse species B serotypes at the majority of sites. This included the subspecies B1 serotypes 3, 7, and 21 and the subspecies B2 serotype 14. Ad14 was the most prevalent species B serotype, appearing in high numbers at 3 sites and becoming dominant at 1. Conclusions. Subspecies B2 Ads have rarely been associated with ARD, and only in Eurasia. This survey represents the first report of AdB2- associated ARD in the Western Hemisphere. The simultaneous emergence of several species B Ads suggests a common external source (the civilian population) and a decrease in preexisting immunity to species B Ads. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Program Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM david.metzgar@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 41 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 196 IS 10 BP 1465 EP 1473 DI 10.1086/522970 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 231BP UT WOS:000250921800008 PM 18008225 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Prokes, SM White, MG Wang, TH Craciun, R Dixon, DA AF Gole, James L. Prokes, Sharka M. White, Mark G. Wang, Tsang-Hsiu Craciun, Raluca Dixon, David A. TI Evidence for high spin transition metal ion induced infrared spectral enhancement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DOPED TIO2; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; DENSITY; NANOPARTICLES; SITE AB Using cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ion seeding of a nitrogen doped titanium oxynitride, TiO2-xNx we demonstrate a significant enhancement of the infrared spectrum associated with adventitious water and minor contaminants associated with the oxynitride synthesis from a porous TiO2 nanocolloid sample. It is suggested that this infrared enhancement is associated with the formation of protonated amines near the oxynitride surface. The intensity enhancement may be associated, in part, with the modification of the anatase ionic crystal dipole moment due to the displacement of charged ions by the electric field, which is associated with the introduced high spin Co-II and Ni-II ions. Raman spectra demonstrate the concomitant incorporation of a spinel-like structure into the TiO2 lattice which may account, in part, for the enhancement. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jim.gole@physics.gatech.edu OI White, Mark/0000-0002-2760-9057 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16871 EP 16877 DI 10.1021/jp075712r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100025 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Qadri, SB Osofsky, M Keller, TM Goswami, R Wolf, SA AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Qadri, Syed B. Osofsky, Michael Keller, Teddy M. Goswami, Ramasis Wolf, Stuart A. TI Size-induced effects on the superconducting properties of Mo2C nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR AL-GE; CLUSTER COMPOUND; CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLYBDENUM; CARBIDES; TRANSITION; FILMS AB Nanoparticles of molybdenum carbide in two different phases were synthesized by the pyrolysis of a Mo-derived inorganic-organic hybrid system. The size and structure of the Mo2C nanoparticles were found to be uniquely influenced by the pyrolytic conditions: 2-4 nm particles were produced in the alpha-Mo2C phase at 850 degrees C, and larger particles with diameters similar to 50-150 nm were formed in the -Mo2C phase at temperatures above 850 degrees C, with a minor amount of the beta-Mo2C phase being formed at this temperature. Resistivity measurements indicated that the samples containing the 50-150 nm particles were metallic with T-c's above 4 K and the sample containing the 2-4 nm particles, including a minor contaminant fraction of the 50-150 nm particles, was insulating in behavior. During magnetic measurements, the samples with 50-150 mn particles appeared to be strongly diamagnetic and the sample with a majority of 2-4 nm particles was observed to be weakly diamagnetic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16878 EP 16882 DI 10.1021/jp075920j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100026 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Griva, I Spano, A Tsoi, S Tender, LM Schnur, J Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Griva, Igor Spano, Anthony Tsoi, Stanislav Tender, Leonard M. Schnur, Joel Lebedev, Nikolai TI Effects of distance and driving force on photoinduced electron transfer between photosynthetic reaction centers and gold electrodes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; MINIATURIZED REFERENCE ELECTRODES; CYTOCHROME-C; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; CARBON ELECTRODES; REDOX COFACTORS; PURPLE BACTERIA; LIPID FILMS; BINDING AB The electron-transfer (ET) parameters for oriented and aligned monolayers of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides formed on the top of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols of various lengths immobilized on gold electrode are estimated using cyclic voltammetry and photoelectrochemistry. Utilization of the unique polyHis tag in the protein and the Ni-NTA chelator complex in SAMs allows for specific protein orientation with the RC primary donor facing the electrode. To improve the efficiency of ET between the RC special pair and the electrode, an RC-Cyt complex was formed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12044-12045). The results are analyzed in terms of integrated Marcus formalism, taking into account the density of electronic states in the metal. The dependence of the ET rate on the distance between RC and electrode demonstrates an adiabatic region up to 10 A, typical for other proteins, followed by a nonadiabatic area of electron tunneling with a P-factor of similar to 0.8 per methylene group of the alkanethiol. Reorganization energy of the system is rather low (0.23 eV) and indicates negligible (if any) system conformational change or protein tilting in the course of ET. Scanning probe microscopic (SPM) examination of the constructed surfaces confirmed a high density of surface coverage by the protein and the absence of RC structural deformation in the monolayers. Estimated reduction potential of the RC primary donor for the immobilized protein is +0.5 V (vs NHE), which is close to that observed for the protein in solution and in vivo. These results open the possibility for the measurements and detailed analysis of the mechanisms of ET in photosynthetic proteins in precisely organized monolayers on the surfaces of inorganic electrodes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Nikolai.Lebedev@nrl.navy.mil NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 17122 EP 17130 DI 10.1021/jp0740402 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100061 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Papantonakis, M Collins, B Brookes, E Wood, J Gurudas, U AF Bubb, D. M. Papantonakis, Michael Collins, Brian Brookes, Elijah Wood, Joshua Gurudas, Ullas TI The influence of solvent parameters upon the surface roughness of matrix assisted laser deposited thin polymer films SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); EVAPORATION MAPLE; INFRARED-LASER; ABLATION; GROWTH; UV AB Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation utilizing an infrared laser has been used to deposit poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene thin films. The surface morphology has been investigated by surface sensitive techniques and it was found that the 'goodness' of the solvent (as defined by solubility parameters) strongly influences the morphology of the deposited films. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08102 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Business & Sci Bldg,227 Penn St, Piscataway, NJ 08102 USA. EM dbubb@camden.rutgers.edu RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 4-6 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 237WY UT WOS:000251408300009 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Pons, T Delehanty, JB Mattoussi, H AF Susumu, Kimihiro Uyeda, H. Tetsuo Medintz, Igor L. Pons, Thomas Delehanty, James B. Mattoussi, Hedi TI Enhancing the stability and biological functionalities of quantum dots via compact multifunctional ligands SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE/ZNS NANOCRYSTALS; MONODISPERSE CDSE; FLUOROPHORES; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; CELLS; CDTE AB We have designed and synthesized a series of modular ligands based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coupled with functional terminal groups to promote water-solubility and biocompatibility of quantum dots (QDs). Each ligand is comprised of three modules: a PEG single chain to promote hydrophilicity, a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) unit connected to one end of the PEG chain for strong anchoring onto the QD surface, and a potential biological functional group (biotin, carboxyl, and amine) at the other end of the PEG. Water-soluble QDs capped with these functional ligands were prepared via cap exchange with the native hydrophobic caps. Homogeneous QD solutions that are stable over extended periods of time and over a broad pH range were prepared. Surface binding assays and cellular internalization and imaging showed that QDs capped with DHLA-PEG-biotin strongly interacted with either NeutrAvidin immobilized on surfaces or streptavidin coupled to proteins which were subsequently taken up by live cells. EDC coupling in aqueous buffer solutions was also demonstrated using resonance energy transfer between DHLA-PEG-COOH-functionalized QDs and an amine-terminated dye. The new functional surface ligands described here provide not only stable and highly water-soluble QDs but also simple and easy access to various biological entities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302 NR 35 TC 324 Z9 332 U1 24 U2 217 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 13987 EP 13996 DI 10.1021/ja0749744 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300048 PM 17956097 ER PT J AU Appapillai, AT Mansour, AN Cho, J Shao-Horn, Y AF Appapillai, Anjuli T. Mansour, Azzam N. Cho, Jaephil Shao-Horn, Yang TI Microstructure of LiCoO2 with and without "AIPO(4)" nanoparticle coating: Combined STEM and XPS studies SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VOLTAGE ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCES; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; CYCLE-LIFE PERFORMANCE; CATHODE MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; PHOSPHORUS OXYNITRIDE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CAPACITY RETENTION; COBALT DISSOLUTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB "AIPO(4)"-coated LiCoO2 was shown to exhibit markedly improved capacity retention relative to bare LiCoO2, upon cycling to 4.7 V. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging showed that the coating thickness of "AIPO(4)"-coated LiCoO2 varied from similar to 10 to similar to 100 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray mapping revealed that the coating was not single-phase "AIPO(4)", rather consisting of P-rich thick regions (similar to 100 nm) and A1-rich thin regions (similar to 10 nm). Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of the "AIPO(4)"-coated LiCoO2 in comparison to bare LiCoO2 and various reference compounds such as Li2CO3, Li3PO4, and AIPO(4) indicate that (1) AIPO(4) is absent on the surface; (2) the surface consisted of Li3PO4 and heavily A1 substituted LiA1(y)Co(1-y)O(2), which may result from AIPO(4) nanoparticles reacting with bare LiCoO2 during the coating heat treatment at 700 degrees C; and (3) the amount of surface Li2CO3 is markedly reduced in the coated sample relative to the bare LiCoO2. The existence of Li3PO4 in "AIPO(4)"-coated LiCoO2, was confirmed with X-ray powder diffraction. The coating inicrostructure of "AIPO(4)"-coated LiCoO2 is proposed, and the mechanisms of enhancement in the cycling and thermal characteristics by particle surface microstructure are discussed in detail. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Kumoh Natl Inst Technol, Gumi, South Korea. RP Shao-Horn, Y (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shaohorn@mit.edu RI Cho, Jaephil/E-4265-2010 NR 49 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5748 EP 5757 DI 10.1021/cm0715390 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 229LG UT WOS:000250803900039 ER PT J AU Wang, CF Hanson, R Awschalom, DD Hu, EL Feygelson, T Yang, J Butler, JE AF Wang, C. F. Hanson, R. Awschalom, D. D. Hu, E. L. Feygelson, T. Yang, J. Butler, J. E. TI Fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities in nanocrystalline diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; CENTERS AB Diamond-based photonic devices offer exceptional opportunity to study cavity quantum electrodynamics at room temperature. Here we report fabrication and optical characterization of high quality photonic crystal microcavities based on nanocrystalline diamond. Fundamental modes near the emission wavelength of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (637 nm) with quality factors as high as 585 were observed. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations were carried out, having excellent agreement with the experimental results in the values of the mode frequencies. Polarization of the modes was measured; their anomalous behavior provides important insights to scattering loss in these structures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chioufu@physics.ucsb.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Hanson, Ronald/B-9555-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 13 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201112 DI 10.1063/1.2813023 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500012 ER PT J AU Bayya, SS Chin, GD Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Detrio, JA AF Bayya, Shyarn S. Chin, Geoffrey D. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Detrio, John A. TI Thermo-optic coefficient of barium gallogermanate glass SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES AB Barium gallogermanate (BGG) glasses are currently being explored as a viable low cost material for numerous U.S. defense and commercial visible-infrared window applications. These glasses are transparent from 0.4 mu m to beyond 5.0 mu m and can be easily made in large optics and complex shapes with high index homogeneity. For high-energy laser (HEL) applications, knowledge of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of the window material is important in determining the optical path distortion. The dn/dT measurements were made on BGG glass at 633 and 3390 nm and compared with the values for multispectral ZnS. The dn/dT for BGG glass was similar to 1/5 the value for multispectral ZnS, giving BGG glass a clear advantage for HEL applications. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Bayya, Shyarn S.; Chin, Geoffrey D.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Detrio, John A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Code 5606,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shyam.bayya@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 32 BP 7889 EP 7891 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007889 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 242PZ UT WOS:000251739200015 PM 17994140 ER PT J AU Ksendzov, A Lay, O Martin, S Sanghera, JS Busse, LE Kim, WH Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Aggarwal, ID AF Ksendzov, A. Lay, O. Martin, S. Sanghera, J. S. Busse, L. E. Kim, W. H. Pureza, P. C. Nguyen, V. Q. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PLANETS AB We present a technique for measuring the modal filtering ability of single mode fibers. The ideal modal filter rejects all input field components that have no overlap with the fundamental mode of the filter and does not attenuate the fundamental mode. We define the quality of a nonideal modal filter Q(f) as the ratio of transmittance for the fundamental mode to the transmittance for an input field that has no overlap with the fundamental mode. We demonstrate the technique on a 20 cm long mid-infrared fiber that was produced by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The filter quality Q(f) for this fiber at 10.5 mu m wavelength is 1000 +/- 300. The absorption and scattering losses in the fundamental mode are approximately 8 dB/m. The total transmittance for the fundamental mode, including Fresnel reflections, is 0.428 +/- 0.002. The application of interest is the search for extrasolar Earthlike planets using nulling interferometry. It requires high rejection ratios to suppress the light of a bright star, so that the faint planet becomes visible. The use of modal filters increases the rejection ratio (or, equivalently, relaxes requirements on the wavefront quality) by reducing the sensitivity to small wavefront errors. We show theoretically that, exclusive of coupling losses, the use of a modal filter leads to the improvement of the rejection ratio in a two-beam interferometer by a factor of Q(f). (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Ksendzov, A.; Lay, O.; Martin, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sanghera, J. S.; Busse, L. E.; Kim, W. H.; Pureza, P. C.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Aggarwal, I. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ksendzov, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alexander.ksendzov@jpl.nasa.gov NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 32 BP 7957 EP 7962 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007957 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 242PZ UT WOS:000251739200022 PM 17994147 ER PT J AU Moniz, LJ Cooch, EG Ellner, SP Nichols, JD Nichols, JM AF Moniz, L. J. Cooch, E. G. Ellner, S. P. Nichols, J. D. Nichols, J. M. TI Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE attractors; food webs; information theory; nonlinear dynamics; transfer entropy ID TIME-SERIES DATA; CAPITA INTERACTION STRENGTH; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; COMMUNITY STABILITY; BLOWFLY POPULATIONS; MUTUAL INFORMATION; REGIME CHANGES; MODELS; FLOW; DYNAMICS AB In this paper we use information theory techniques on time series of abundances to determine the topology of a food web. At the outset, the food web participants (two consumers, two resources) are known; in addition we know that each consumer prefers one of the resources over the other. However, we do not know which consumer prefers which resource, and if this preference is absolute (i.e., whether or not the consumer will consume the non-preferred resource). Although the consumers and resources are identified at the beginning of the experiment, we also provide evidence that the consumers are not resources for each other, and the resources do not consume each other. We do show that there is significant mutual information between resources; the model is seasonally forced and some shared information between resources is expected. Similarly, because the model is seasonally forced, we expect shared information between consumers as they respond to the forcing of the resources. The model that we consider does include noise, and in an effort to demonstrate that these methods may be of some use in other than model data, we show the efficacy of our methods with decreasing time series size; in this particular case we obtain reasonably clear results with a time series length of 400 points. This approaches ecological time series lengths from real systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20017 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, LJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lindamo@comcast.net NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 208 IS 2-4 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230WK UT WOS:000250906700006 ER PT J AU Scheibner, M Ponomarev, IV Stinaff, EA Doty, MF Bracker, AS Hellberg, CS Reinecke, TL Gammon, D AF Scheibner, M. Ponomarev, I. V. Stinaff, E. A. Doty, M. F. Bracker, A. S. Hellberg, C. S. Reinecke, T. L. Gammon, D. TI Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the molecular biexciton in vertically stacked InAs-GaAs quantum dot pairs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present photoluminescence studies of the molecular neutral biexciton-exciton spectra of individual vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dot pairs. We tune either the hole or the electron levels of the two dots into tunneling resonances. The spectra are described well within a few-level, few-particle molecular model. Their properties can be modified broadly by an electric field and by structural design, which makes them highly attractive for controlling nonlinear optical properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheibner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doty, Matthew/B-5075-2010; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010 OI Doty, Matthew/0000-0001-7999-3567; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034 NR 11 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 197402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.197402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500064 PM 18233111 ER PT J AU Champlain, JG Magno, R Boos, JB AF Champlain, J. G. Magno, R. Boos, J. B. TI Low resistance, unannealed ohmic contacts to n-type InAs0.66Sb0.34 SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION; GASB AB Unannealed Ti/Pt/Au contacts to n-type InAs0.66Sb0.34 were fabricated and measured. Extremely low specific contact resistances down to 2.4 x 10(-8) Omega cm(2) were measured, commensurate with In0.53Ga0.47As, InAs, and In0.27Ga0.73Sb contact schemes with higher doping, which is due to the very high electron mobility in InAs0.66Sb0.34 and hypothesised pinning of the surface Fermi level within the conduction band. C1 [Champlain, J. G.; Magno, R.; Boos, J. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champlain, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.champlain@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 23 BP 1315 EP 1317 DI 10.1049/el:20072224 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 242XJ UT WOS:000251759200047 ER PT J AU Luu, P Tucker, DM Stripling, R AF Luu, Phan Tucker, Don M. Stripling, Roy TI Neural mechanisms for learning actions in context SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE event-related potential; ERP; learning; medial frontal negativity; MFN; P300; expertise; action ID ARBITRARY VISUOMOTOR ASSOCIATIONS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RETRIEVAL; MEMORY; LOCALIZATION; ACTIVATION; ATTENTION; RESPONSES; FEEDBACK; REWARD AB The transition from actions that require effortful attention to those that are exercised automatically reflects the progression of learning. Full automaticity marks the performance of the expert. Research on changes in brain activity from novice to skilled performance has been consistent with this behavioral characterization, showing that a highly practiced skill often requires less brain activation than before practice. Moreover, the decrease in brain activity with practice is most pronounced in the general or executive control processes mediated by frontal lobe networks. Consistent with these human cognitive neuroscience findings, animal neurophysiological evidence suggests that two elementary learning systems support different stages of skill acquisition. One system supports rapid and focused acquisition of new skills in relation to threats and violations of expectancies. The other involves a gradual process of updating a configural model of the environmental context. We collected dense array electroencephalography as participants performed an arbitrary associative ("code learning") task. We predicted that frontal lobe activity would decrease, whereas posterior cortical activity would increase, as the person gains the knowledge required for appropriate action. Both predictions were confirmed. In addition, we found that learning resulted in an unexpected increase in activity in the medial frontal lobe (the medial frontal negativity or MFN). Although preliminary, these findings suggest that the specific mechanisms of learning in animal neurophysiology studies may prove informative for understanding the neural basis of human learning and executive cognitive control. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Elect Geodesics Inc, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luu, P (reprint author), Elect Geodesics Inc, 1600 Millrace Dr Suite 307, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM pluu@egi.com FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH070911, MH070911] NR 44 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 1179 BP 89 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.092 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 235CD UT WOS:000251210200010 PM 17936726 ER PT J AU Legutki, JB Nelson, M Titball, R Galloway, DR Mateczun, A Baillie, LW AF Legutki, Joseph B. Nelson, Michelle Titball, Richard Galloway, Darrell R. Mateczun, Alfred Baillie, Leslie W. TI Analysis of peptide mimotopes of Burkholderia pseudomallei exopolysaccharide SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE melioidosis; mimotope; vaccine ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHAGE DISPLAY; MELIOIDOSIS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SURVIVORS; AFFINITY; TSUNAMI; IDENTIFICATION AB Previously two capsule-specific monoclonal antibodies (4VA5 and 3VIE5) were identified as protective against Burkholderia pseudomallei in passive transfer experiments. Panning these antibodies against evolutionary phage libraries identified reactive peptides capable of inhibiting its parent monoclonal from binding to B. pseudomallei. Mice immunized with peptide conjugated to thyroglobulin developed serum antibodies capable of recognizing the immunizing peptide of which a subset recognized exopolysaccharide in the context of whole B. pseudomallei cells. These serum antibodies recognized protease treated B. pseudoinallei but not B. thailandensis suggesting that these peptides are mimotopes of the B. pseudoinallei capsular exopolysaccharide. In a murine model of acute melioidosis, immunization with the mimotope of the 4VA5 binding, site extended the mean time to death to 8.00 days over the 2.18 days afforded by immunization with thyroglobulin alone. This mimotope may be of use in developing an antibody response against B. pseudomallei exopolysaccharide. (D 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England. RP Legutki, JB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Innovat Med, 1001 S McClintock Rd,POB 875901, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Bart.Legutki@asu.edu OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 45 BP 7796 EP 7805 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.045 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 233PU UT WOS:000251103600011 PM 17935838 ER PT J AU Shiryayev, OV Page, SM Pettit, CL Slater, JC AF Shiryayev, O. V. Page, S. M. Pettit, C. L. Slater, J. C. TI Parameter estimation and investigation of a bolted joint model SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Mechanical joints are a primary source of variability in the dynamics of built-up structures. Physical phenomena in the joint are quite complex and therefore too impractical to model at the micro-scale. This motivates the development of lumped parameter joint models with discrete interfaces so that they can be easily implemented in finite element codes. Among the most important considerations in choosing a model for dynamically excited systems is its ability to model energy dissipation. This translates into the need for accurate and reliable methods to measure model parameters and estimate their inherent variability from experiments. The adjusted Iwan model was identified as a promising candidate for representing joint dynamics. Recent research focused on this model has exclusively employed impulse excitation in conjunction with neural networks to identify the model parameters. This paper presents an investigation of an alternative parameter estimation approach for the adjusted Iwan model, which employs data from oscillatory forcing. This approach is shown to produce parameter estimates with precision similar to the impulse excitation method for a range of model parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shiryayev, OV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM shiryayev.2@wright.edu RI Shiryayev, Oleg /B-4089-2011; Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Slater, Joseph/E-1157-2011; OI Shiryayev, Oleg /0000-0002-6582-5113; Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 307 IS 3-5 BP 680 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.06.033 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 220DN UT WOS:000250137200016 ER PT J AU Boduroglu, S Cetinkaya, M Dressick, WJ Singh, A Demirel, MC AF Boduroglu, S. Cetinkaya, M. Dressick, W. J. Singh, A. Demirel, M. C. TI Controlling the Wettability and adhesion of nanostructured poly-(p-xylylene) films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; FORCE; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; SETAE AB The hydrophobic surface properties of structured poly-(p-xylylene) (PPX) films, as measured by water wettability, are studied as functions of surface chemistry, film composition, and surface roughness. We demonstrate the fabrication of very hydrophobic surfaces and control over adhesion properties via nanoscale modulation of roughness, changes in composition, and alteration of the surface chemistry of PPX films. The formation of superhydrophobic surfaces through the chemisorption of fluoroalkylsiloxane coatings to hydroxyl sites created on the nanostructured PPX surface is also illustrated. The ability to control both hydrophobicity and adhesion using nanostructured PPX films is a promising development because it may lead to a new generation of coatings with applicability ranging from self-cleaning surfaces to robotics. C1 Penn State Univ, BioNanoMat Grp, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demirel, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, BioNanoMat Grp, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdemirel@engr.psu.edu RI Cetinkaya, Murat/A-7995-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-4495-2010; Demirel, Melik/E-3775-2016 NR 20 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 11391 EP 11395 DI 10.1021/la7025413 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 226JE UT WOS:000250584500012 PM 17929851 ER PT J AU Wang, X Colavita, PE Metz, KM Butler, JE Hamers, RJ AF Wang, Xiaoyu Colavita, Paula E. Metz, Kevin M. Butler, James E. Hamers, Robert J. TI Direct photopatterning and SEM Imaging of molecular monolayers on diamond surfaces: Mechanistic insights into UV-Initiated molecular grafting SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON YIELD SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; THIN-FILMS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; AFFINITY DIAMOND; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; EXCITON BREAKUP AB We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the formation of single- and two-component molecular patterns by direct photochemical grafting of alkenes onto hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces using sub-band gap 254 nm ultraviolet light. Trifluoroacetamide-protected 1-aminodec-1-ene (TFAAD) and 1-dodecene were used as model systems for grafting. Illumination with sub-band gap light can induce several different kinds of excitations, including creation of mobile electrons and holes in the bulk and creation of radicals at the surface and in the adjacent fluid, which induce grafting of the alkenes to the surface. SEM images of patterned molecular layers on nanocrystalline diamond surfaces reveal sharp transitions between functionalized and nonfunctionalized regions consistent with diffraction-limited excitation. However, identical experiments on type IIb single-crystal diamond yield a significantly more extended transition region in the molecular pattern. These data imply that the spatial resolution of the direct molecular photopatterning is affected by diffusion of charge carriers in the bulk of the diamond samples. The molecular contrast between surfaces with different terminations is consistent with the expected trends in molecular electron affinity. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the direct patterning and imaging of molecular monolayers on surfaces. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Dynam Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Colavita, Paula/H-7778-2012; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Colavita, Paula/0000-0003-1008-2874; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 11623 EP 11630 DI 10.1021/la701803g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 226JE UT WOS:000250584500047 PM 17939694 ER PT J AU Epstein, JE AF Epstein, Judith E. TI What will a partly protective malaria vaccine mean to mothers in Africa? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; SAFETY C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Epstein, JE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM judith.epstein@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 3 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9598 BP 1523 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61642-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 227AE UT WOS:000250628800004 PM 17980720 ER PT J AU Schultz, K Marder, J Rath, B AF Schultz, Ken Marder, James Rath, Bhakta TI Powering the future: Advanced nuclear power systems SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB This article discusses the types of nuclear reactors, and some of the most recent technologies for nuclear power generation currently under development, including Generation IV Very High Temperature Reactors, and Sodium-Cooled, Gas-Cooled, and Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schultz, K (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. EM jim.marder@asminternational.org NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 231GZ UT WOS:000250935900003 ER PT J AU Johari, H Henoch, C Custodio, D Levshin, A AF Johari, H. Henoch, C. Custodio, D. Levshin, A. TI Effects of leading-edge protuberances on airfoil performance SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BLUFF-BODY; DRAG; REDUCTION AB Lift, drag, and pitching moments of airfoils with leading-edge sinusoidal protuberances were measured in a water tunnel and compared with those of a baseline 63(4)-021 airfoil. The amplitude of the leading-edge protuberances ranged from 2.5 to 12 % of the mean chord length; the spanwise wavelengths were 25 and 50 % of the mean chord length. These ranges correspond to the morphology found on the leading edge of humpback whales' flippers. Flow visualization using tufts was also performed to examine the separation characteristics of the airfoils. For angles of attack less than the baseline stall angle, lift reduction and drag increase were observed for the modified foils. Above this angle, lift of the modified foils was up to 50% greater than the baseline foil with little or no drag penalty. The amplitude of the protuberances had a distinct effect on the performance of the airfoils, whereas the wavelength had little. Flow visualization indicated separated flow originating primarily from the troughs and attached flow on the peaks of the protuberances at angles beyond the stall angle of the baseline foil. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Johari, H (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 13 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2634 EP 2642 DI 10.2514/1.28497 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 229AD UT WOS:000250772800005 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Susanti, AI Fenton, ME Walker, JB Barthel, RV AF Maguire, Jason D. Susanti, Augustina I. Fenton, Michael E. Walker, Jeffrey B. Barthel, Robert V. TI Plasmodium vivax associated acute respiratory distress syndrome after extended travel in Afghanistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Maguire, Jason D.] US Navy Expidit Med Facil, Arifjan, Kuwait. [Susanti, Augustina I.] Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Fenton, Michael E.; Walker, Jeffrey B.; Barthel, Robert V.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 76 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200077 ER PT J AU Gerena, L Shusko, M Krulak, D Favata, M Neil, DA Chretien, JP MacIntosh, V Saunders, DL Magill, AJ Weina, PJ Milhous, WK AF Gerena, Lucia Shusko, Michael Krulak, David Favata, Mike Neil, Donald A. Chretien, Jean-Paul MacIntosh, Victor Saunders, David L. Magill, Alan J. Weina, Peter J. Milhous, Wilbur K. TI Doxycyline noncompliance results in severe and complicated falciparum malaria imported from Chad SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Gerena, Lucia; Saunders, David L.; Magill, Alan J.; Weina, Peter J.; Milhous, Wilbur K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Shusko, Michael] Grp Surg Marine Special Operat Advisor Grp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Krulak, David] Marine Special Operat Support Grp, Grp Surg, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Favata, Mike] Naval Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Neil, Donald A.] Dis Intervent & Prevent Specialist Dept Head P, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Chretien, Jean-Paul; MacIntosh, Victor] DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & R, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 415 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758200414 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Bhattacharjee, AK Hoffman, MM AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Hoffman, Marshall M. TI The relationship between substituted 1,7-diaminoisoquinoline structure and antimalarial activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Gutteridge, Clare E.; Hoffman, Marshall M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. [Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 819 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758201278 ER PT J AU Mohamady, H Shaheen, HI Klena, J Nakhla, I Weiner, M Armstrong, A AF Mohamady, Hanan Shaheen, Hind I. Klena, John Nakhla, Isabelle Weiner, Mathew Armstrong, Adam TI Case report: Traveler's Brucella - Specific IgA and IgM antibodies as early serodiagnostic markers of infectiontion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 04-08, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Mohamady, Hanan; Shaheen, Hind I.; Klena, John; Nakhla, Isabelle; Weiner, Mathew; Armstrong, Adam] USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 5 SU S MA 906 BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 228UN UT WOS:000250758201365 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Dinderman, MA Dressick, WJ Schoen, PE Lubitz, P He, JH Tonucci, RJ Cross, J AF Qadri, S. B. Dinderman, M. A. Dressick, W. J. Schoen, P. E. Lubitz, P. He, J. H. Tonucci, R. J. Cross, J. TI Structural and magnetic properties of FeB microfibers SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IRON AB Structural and magnetic properties of FeB microfibers, obtained by electroless deposition on cellulose fibers, were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of an amorphous phase. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) studies confirmed an amorphous-like structure with the nearest coordination numbers around Fe atom to be 8.7 for Fe and 3.5 for B. The magnetic moment of 2.12 Bohr magnetons/Fe atom is consistent with composition obtained from EXAFS measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s00339-007-4163-x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 204AZ UT WOS:000249016500046 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Willobee, JA Miller, MD Allison, LT Hickman, J Willobee, A AF Sekiya, Jon K. Willobee, James A. Miller, Mark D. Allison, L. T. Hickman, J. Willobee, Ashley TI Arthroscopic multi-pleated capsular plication compared with open inferior capsular shift for reduction of shoulder volume in a cadaveric model SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE shoulder; capsular placation; capsular volume; shoulder arthroscopy; arthroscopic techniques ID MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; ANTERIOR; RECONSTRUCTION; CAPSULORRHAPHY; STABILITY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare a new arthroscopic technique for capsular plication with the standard open inferior capsular shift for reducing volume in a multidirectional instability model. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 55 years) were dissected down to the capsule. A viscous liquid was injected into each shoulder joint and the volume measured. An arthroscopic multi-pleated anterior, posterior, and inferior capsular plication was performed through a single anterior and posterior portal by use of bioabsorbable suture anchors. The shoulder joint volume was again measured, and the sutures were then cut to restore the volume back to the original size. A humerus-based capsular release from 4 o'clock to 6 o'clock to the 8-o'clock position (right shoulder) was performed, the capsule shifted, and the volume recorded. A repeated-measures analysis of variance test was used with significance set at P = .05. Results: The mean baseline shoulder volume was 20 +/- 9 mL (range, 10 to 35 mL). The arthroscopic plication resulted in a mean decrease of 58% +/- 12%. The open inferior capsular shift resulted in a mean difference of 45% +/- 11%. There was a significant decrease in volume between the arthroscopic and open capsular shifts (P = .006, (beta = .92). Conclusions: This study proved our hypothesis that with this new arthroscopic technique for capsular plication, arthroscopic volume reduction can be achieved at least as well as with the standard open technique. Clinical Relevance: As the clinical results in the literature improve with improvements in arthroscopic techniques for treating shoulder instability, this arthroscopic method of repair could become invaluable in overcoming the challenge of capsular volume reduction when addressing multidirectional shoulder instability arthroscopically. C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. Arthrex Inc, Naples, FL USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr,POB 0391, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. EM sekiya@umich.edu NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1145 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2007.05.019 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 234FJ UT WOS:000251145800002 PM 17986400 ER PT J AU Spadaro, D Susino, R Ventura, R Vourlidas, A Landi, E AF Spadaro, D. Susino, R. Ventura, R. Vourlidas, A. Landi, E. TI Physical parameters of a mid-latitude streamer during the declining phase of the solar cycle SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : solar wind; sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; WIND SOURCE REGIONS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; LYMAN-ALPHA; NONEQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION; RESONANCE DOUBLET; SUMER TELESCOPE; MINIMUM CORONA; SPECTRAL-LINES; STRAY-LIGHT AB Context. Investigating the physical properties of solar coronal streamers is important for understanding their role in the global magnetic structure of the extended solar atmosphere, as well as in the generation of the slow solar wind. Aims. We hope to contribute as completely as possible to the ongoing SOHO instruments campaign devoted to the study of the physical characteristics of coronal streamers at various heliocentric distances. Methods. We analyzed ultraviolet HI Ly alpha and OVI resonance doublet lines observed by UVCS/SOHO in a narrow, mid-latitude streamer structure along different lines of sight during a week in May 2004 and made nearly simultaneous white-light polarized brightness measurements from the LASCO/SOHO C2 coronagraph. Results. Electron densities and temperatures, HI and OVI kinetic temperatures, and outflow velocities were derived from the line intensities and widths, as well as from the OVI line intensity ratio in the 1.6-5 R-circle dot range of heights, limited to the central region of the streamer. To our knowledge, the HI outflow velocities obtained in this work are the first ones determined inside a streamer structure. They are significantly lower than those of the OVI ions. This, together with the OVI kinetic temperatures that are much higher than the HI ones, suggest that the absorption of Alfven waves at the ion cyclotron frequency might also occur inside streamers. Conclusions. In comparison with other streamers described in the literature, the structure examined in this work generally exhibits lower electron density and neutral hydrogen kinetic temperature. Conversely, the OVI kinetic temperature and outflow velocity radial profiles are consistent with the results for the other examined streamers. C1 Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Catania, Sez Astrofis, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spadaro, D (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM dspadaro@oact.inaf.it; sur@oact.inaf.it; rventura@oact.inaf.it; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; landi@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ventura, Rita/B-7524-2016; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Ventura, Rita/0000-0002-5152-0482; Susino, Roberto/0000-0002-1017-7163; Spadaro, Daniele/0000-0003-3517-8688 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 2 BP 707 EP 715 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077873 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 230VH UT WOS:000250903700041 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI On the turbulent Prandtl number in the stable atmospheric boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Atmospheric Boundary Layers CY APR 18-22, 2006 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP NATO DE Richardson number; SHEBA; stable boundary layer; turbulent Prandtl number ID SURFACE-LAYER; SELF-CORRELATION; SIMILARITY; TRANSPORT; CONSTANT; REGIMES; FLUXES; SHEBA AB This study focuses on the behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number, Pr (t) , in the stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) based on measurements made during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA). It is found that Pr (t) increases with increasing stability if Pr (t) is plotted vs. gradient Richardson number, Ri; but at the same time, Pr (t) decreases with increasing stability if Pr (t) is plotted vs. flux Richardson number, Rf, or vs. zeta = z/L. This paradoxical behaviour of the turbulent Prandtl number in the SBL derives from the fact that plots of Pr (t) vs. Ri (as well as vs. Rf and zeta) for individual 1-h observations and conventional bin-averaged values of the individual quantities have built-in correlation (or self-correlation) because of the shared variables. For independent estimates of how Pr (t) behaves in very stable stratification, Pr (t) is plotted against the bulk Richardson number; such plots have no built-in correlation. These plots based on the SHEBA data show that, on the average, Pr (t) decreases with increasing stability and Pr (t) < 1 in the very stable case. For specific heights and stabilities, though, the turbulent Prandtl number has more complicated behaviour in the SBL. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue Div, Lebanon, NH USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 125 IS 2 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9192-7 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 214IB UT WOS:000249729800012 ER PT J AU Zrnic, DS Kimpel, JF Forsyth, DE Shapiro, A Crain, G Ferek, R Heimmer, J Benner, W McNellis, TJ Vogt, RJ AF Zrnic, D. S. Kimpel, J. F. Forsyth, D. E. Shapiro, A. Crain, G. Ferek, R. Heimmer, J. Benner, W. McNellis, T. J. Vogt, R. J. TI Agile-beam phased array radar for weather observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT-METHOD RETRIEVALS; ALTITUDE WIND FIELDS; SINGLE-DOPPLER REFLECTIVITY; PHOENIX-II; SURVEILLANCE RADARS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; PULSE-COMPRESSION; TORNADO DETECTION; CLEAR-AIR; WSR-88D AB Weather radars with conventional antenna cannot provide desired volume scan updates at intervals of one minute or less, which is essential for significant improvement in warning lead time of impending storm hazards. The agile-beam multimission phased array radar (MPAR) discussed herein is one potential candidate that can provide faster scanning. It also offers a unique potential for multipurpose use to not only sample weather, but support air traffic needs and track noncooperative airplanes, thus making it an affordable option. After introducing the basic idea behind electronic beam steering, the needs for frequent observations of convective weather are explained. Then, advantages of the phased array radar (PAR) for weather monitoring and improving data quality are examined. To explore and develop weather-related applications of the PAR, a National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has been established in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT's main purpose is to address the advanced capabilities anticipated within the next decade so that these could be projected to a possible network of future weather radars. Examples of data illustrating advantages of this advanced radar are shown, and forthcoming plans are discussed. C1 [Zrnic, D. S.; Kimpel, J. F.; Forsyth, D. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, A.; Crain, G.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ferek, R.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Heimmer, J.] Basic Commerce Ind, Moorestown, NJ USA. [Benner, W.] FAA, Atlantic City, NJ USA. [McNellis, T. J.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Moorestown, NJ USA. [Vogt, R. J.] NOAA, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 NR 56 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1753 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-11-1753 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240NY UT WOS:000251595500020 ER PT J AU Gray, GC McCarthy, T Lebeck, MG Schnurr, DP Russell, KL Kajon, AE Landry, ML Leland, DS Storch, GA Ginocchio, CC Robinson, CC Demmler, GJ Saubolle, MA Kehl, SC Selvarangan, R Miller, MB Chappell, JD Zerr, DM Kiska, DL Halstead, DC Capuano, AW Setterquist, SF Chorazy, ML Dawson, JD Erdman, DD AF Gray, Gregory C. McCarthy, Troy Lebeck, Mark G. Schnurr, David P. Russell, Kevin L. Kajon, Adriana E. Landry, Marie L. Leland, Diane S. Storch, Gregory A. Ginocchio, Christine C. Robinson, Christine C. Demmler, Gail J. Saubolle, Michael A. Kehl, Sue C. Selvarangan, Rangaraj Miller, Melissa B. Chappell, James D. Zerr, Danielle M. Kiska, Deanna L. Halstead, Diane C. Capuano, Ana W. Setterquist, Sharon F. Chorazy, Margaret L. Dawson, Jeffrey D. Erdman, Dean D. TI Genotype prevalence and risk factors for severe clinical adenovirus infection, united states 2004-2006 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS WATCH PROGRAM; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MILITARY RECRUITS; GENOME TYPE; CONTINUING SURVEILLANCE; ENTERIC IMMUNIZATION; VIRAL INFECTIONS; TYPE-21 VACCINE AB Background. Recently, epidemiological and clinical data have revealed important changes with regard to clinical adenovirus infection, including alterations in antigenic presentation, geographical distribution, and virulence of the virus. Methods. In an effort to better understand the epidemiology of clinical adenovirus infection in the United States, we adopted a new molecular adenovirus typing technique to study clinical adenovirus isolates collected from 22 medical facilities over a 25- month period during 2004 - 2006. A hexon gene sequence typing method was used to characterize 2237 clinical adenovirus- positive specimens, comparing their sequences with those of the 51 currently recognized prototype human adenovirus strains. In a blinded comparison, this method performed well and was much faster than the classic serologic typing method. Results. Among civilians, the most prevalent adenovirus types were types 3 ( prevalence, 34.6%), 2 ( 24.3%), 1 ( 17.7%), and 5 ( 5.3%). Among military trainees, the most prevalent types were types 4 ( prevalence, 92.8%), 3 ( 2.6%), and 21 ( 2.4%). Conclusions. For both populations, we observed a statistically significant increasing trend of adenovirus type 21 detection over time. Among adenovirus isolates recovered from specimens from civilians, 50% were associated with hospitalization, 19.6% with a chronic disease condition, 11% with a bone marrow or solid organ transplantation, 7.4% with intensive care unit stay, and 4.2% with a cancer diagnosis. Multivariable risk factor modeling for adenovirus disease severity found that age ! 7 years ( odds ratio [ OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 1.4 - 7.4), chronic disease ( OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.6 - 5.1), recent transplantation ( OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3 - 5.2), and adenovirus type 5 ( OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 - 4.7) or type 21 infection ( OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 2.6 - 22.3) increased the risk of severe disease. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Navy Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Clin Virol Lab, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Clarian Hlth Partners, Indianapolis, IN USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. Childrens Mercy Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Manhasset, NY USA. N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst Labs, Manhasset, NY USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Syracuse, NY USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Diagnost Virol Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lab Sci Arizona Sonora Quest Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pathol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Baptist Med Ctr, Infect Dis Labs, Jacksonville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr,Rm C21K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053034, R01 AI053034-01A2] NR 56 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1120 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/522188 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 217BP UT WOS:000249923700002 PM 17918073 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The choice uncertainty principle SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article ID CIRCUITS C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 2007 VL 50 IS 11 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1145/1297797.1297809 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 226LY UT WOS:000250591800001 ER PT J AU Link, RE Joyce, JA Roe, C AF Link, R. E. Joyce, J. A. Roe, C. TI An experimental investigation of the effect of biaxial loading on the master curve transition temperature in RPV steels SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ductile-to-brittle transition; biaxial loading; shallow crack; structural assessment; master curve; reference temperature; T-0 ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CONSTRAINT; T-0; SPECIMENS AB During the 1990s considerable work was conducted to characterize the effect of biaxial loading on the ductile to brittle transition temperature. The work centered on a series of tests using large cruciform bend specimens from an experimental A533B test plate denoted as HSST Plate 14 (Heavy Section Steel Technology Plate 14). Recently a series of similar biaxial cruciform tests has been conducted on the steel used for an extensive European Round Robin that investigated the ductile-to-brittle transition master curve and associated To reference temperature. The results of these tests have been used to promote the concept of a "Biaxial Effect" which corresponds to a shift in the shallow crack transition master curve of +20 degrees C or more when biaxial stresses are present, in comparison with the master curve for uniaxially loaded shallow crack specimens. A comprehensive analysis of the all of the available HSST Plate 14 data and data from two other structural steels was performed to investigate the extent of a biaxial effect on the reference temperature, To. The analysis included many additional biaxial cruciform test results on three different materials. The results of all three materials discussed in this paper fail to clearly demonstrate that biaxial loading, imposed through the use of a cruciform. specimen geometry, has an effect on the fracture toughness, characterized using a master curve approach and reference temperature To. The analysis utilized in this paper assumes that the toughness distribution and temperature dependence of shallow cracked specimens can be modeled by using the master curve approach. This assumption has not been rigorously validated and would benefit from further study. Additional detailed stress analysis of the constraint evolution in the cruciform, specimens may better define the precise conditions under which a biaxial effect on the fracture toughness could be realized. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Link, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM link@usna.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 17 BP 2824 EP 2843 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.12.030 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 219IJ UT WOS:000250077800011 ER PT J AU Beal, DN Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Beal, David N. Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. TI A harmonic model of hydrodynamic forces produced by a flapping fin SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VEHICLES AB The hydrodynamic control laws of unsteady fins inspired by swimming and flying animals are considered. A controller based on cycle-averaged forces requires a bandwidth lower than the flapping frequency, with correspondingly slow reactions to disturbances or commands in order to avoid undesirable feedback from the oscillating fins. A harmonic model of the periodic thruster forces was empirically found using a mechanical fin flapping in roll and pitch in hover, in uniform flow, and under various kinematic conditions. A multi-fin vehicle could use this model to account for the dominant non-linearities and minimize undesirable motions through coordinated control of individual fins. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI USA. RP Beal, DN (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI USA. EM bealdn@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; bandyopadhyaypr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s00348-007-0352-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 228HT UT WOS:000250721700005 ER PT J AU Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Olson, CL AF Schumer, J. W. Ottinger, P. F. Olson, C. L. TI Power flow design constraints for a recyclable transmission line for z-pinch ife SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSULATED ELECTRON FLOW AB A recyclable transmission line (RTL) carries power from the pulsed-power driver to the fusion target in a z-pinch-driven inertial-confinement fusion energy (IFE) system. In order to minimize the driver voltage, the RTL inductance must be small, requiring a short, low-impedance, magnetically insulated transmission line (MTL). However, the large linear current density that flows in the electrodes at small radius near the load resistively heats the anode surface, leading to anode plasma formation and ion emission. If the impedance of the RTL is too small, large ion current losses can occur and large electron flow currents can be launched into the z-pinch load region. These problems are avoided by choosing the line impedance at the load end of the RTL to be well above the effective impedance of the imploding load. By gradually reducing the impedance along the line moving from the load to the driver, the RTL inductance can be controlled. But, if the impedance is varied too rapidly along the line, significant electron flow current losses can occur. The impact of these constraints on the RTL design of an IFE system is discussed and a compromise design with reasonable power coupling efficiency is established. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schumer@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 901 EP 905 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500026 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Smith, B Smith, TC Wells, TS Ryan, MAK AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa Smith, Tyler C. Wells, Timothy S. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Smallpox vaccination SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE smallpox vaccine; questionnaires; military medicine; quality of life; validation studies ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; HEALTH SURVEY; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; ANTHRAX VACCINATION; MILITARY SERVICE; SELF-REPORT; VALIDATION; INFLUENZA; PROGRAM AB In December 2002, the US Government implemented policy to immunize health workers, first responders and military personnel against smallpox in preparation for a possible bioterrorist attack. Self-reported vaccination data are commonly used in epidemiologic research and may be used to determine vaccination status in a public health emergency. To establish a measure of reliability, the agreement between self-reported smallpox vaccination and electronic vaccination records was examined using data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Descriptive measures and a kappa statistic were calculated for data from 54,066 Millennium Cohort Study participants. Multivariable modeling adjusting for potential confounders was used to investigate vaccination agreement status and health metrics, as measured by the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans ( SF-36V) and hospitalization data. Substantial agreement (kappa = 0.62) was found between self-report and electronic recording of smallpox vaccination. Of all participants with an electronic record of smallpox vaccination, 90% self-reported being vaccinated; and of all participants with no electronic record of vaccination, 82% self-reported not receiving a vaccination. There was no significant difference in hospitalization experience prior to questionnaire completion between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. While overall scores on the SF-36V suggested a healthy population, participants whose self-reported vaccination status did not match electronic records had slightly lower adjusted mean scores for some scales. These results indicate strong reliability in self-reported smallpox vaccination and also suggest that discordant reporting of smallpox vaccination is not associated with substantial differences in health among Millennium Cohort participants. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Smith, Tyler C.; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM cynthia.leard@med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 3 IS 6 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 269SG UT WOS:000253669900003 PM 17700077 ER PT J AU Daly, L Brutzman, D AF Daly, Leonard Brutzman, Don TI X3D: Extensible 3D graphics standard SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM Leonard.Daly@realism.com; brutzman@nps.edu RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 24 IS 6 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.905889 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 224LG UT WOS:000250447900017 ER PT J AU De Grandi, GD Lee, JS Schuler, DL AF De Grandi, Gianfranco D. Lee, Jong-Sen Schuler, Dale L. TI Target detection and texture segmentation in polarimetric SAR images using a wavelet frame: Theoretical aspects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar CY MAY 16-18, 2006 CL Dresden, GERMANY DE polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); texture; wavelet frame ID SEA-ICE IMAGERY; CORRELATED CLUTTER TEXTURES; MULTISCALE TEXTURE; COHERENT IMAGES; RADAR IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; FOREST; SPECKLE; INFORMATION; LAND AB Theoretical aspects of a technique for target detection and texture segmentation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery using a wavelet frame are presented. Texture measures consist of multiscale local estimates of the following: 1) normalized second moment of the backscattered intensity and 2) variance A the wavelet-frame coefficients. This work is an extension of a method proposed in the image-processing literature. Novel issues, which are considered in the passage to radar imagery, are the influence of speckle on texture measures afforded by the wavelet frame and their dependence on polarization states (polarimetric texture). Regarding speckle, estimators that decouple the influence A speckle over texture are introduced and characterized by their expected value and variance. The response of the wavelet frame to discontinuities, which is an important issue in target detection)problems, is addressed in terms of signal -to-speckle-noise ratio. The notion of polarimetric texture is revisited, providing a theoretical model that explains the dependences of texture measures m the polarization states. For one-point statistics, such model calls for a mixture of diverse polarimetric scattering mechanisms,within the texture estimator support. For two-point statistics, the difference in spatial correlation properties among the polarimetric channels is called into play. To analyze these effects in polarimetric SAR data, a novel tool is introduced that is called the Wavelet Polarimetric Signature. The tool encapsulates, in graphical form, the dependence on scale and polarization state of the texture measure afforded by the wavelet frame. The theory exposed here underpins a method that has been proven successful and computationally attractive in a selected number of SAR thematic applications. A also sets the stage for the exploitation of novel target detection and textural segmentation capabilities based on polarimetric diversity. C1 European Commission, DG Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Grandi, GD (reprint author), European Commission, DG Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM frank.de-grandi@jrc.it; lee@nrl.navy.mil NR 77 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3437 EP 3453 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.905103 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 229OA UT WOS:000250812600013 ER PT J AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, Frank TI Comparison of directly measured to derived polarization imagery using an adaptive signature detection algorithm SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE polarization; ATR; maximum likelihood test; CFAR ID LANDMINES; FIELD AB Directly measured linear polarization images are shown to be more effective in target detection compared with derived imagery using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm. The CFAR algorithm is derived from a maximum likelihood ratio test and is used to compare two pairs of inputs. One pair is directly measured imagery: an image with reflectivity/emissivity and a linear polarization and another with reflectivity/emissivity and a linear polarization perpendicular to the first image. The other pair is the first two Stokes images (SO, S-1): a linear polarization image and a reflectivity/emissivity image. Detection using the directly measured pair is shown to be consistent with detection using the derived pair. Furthermore, using the directly measured pair is computationally simpler, and for target detection on natural backgrounds, does not increase the false alarm rate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code HS-13,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM frank.crosby@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1766 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2007.01.004 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 207IN UT WOS:000249244900006 ER PT J AU Brahmbhatt, TN Darnell, SC Carvalho, HM Sanz, P Kang, TJ Bull, RL Rasmussen, SB Cross, AS O'Brien, AD AF Brahmbhatt, Trupti N. Darnell, Stephen C. Carvalho, Humberto M. Sanz, Patrick Kang, Tae J. Bull, Robert L. Rasmussen, Susan B. Cross, Alan S. O'Brien, Alison D. TI Recombinant exosporium protein BclA of Bacillus anthracis is effective as a booster for mice primed with suboptimal amounts of protective antigen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIGS; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; RHESUS MACAQUES; NITRIC-OXIDE; VACCINE; SPORE; MACROPHAGES; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; GERMINATION AB Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis (BclA) is an immunodominant glycoprotein located on the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis. We hypothesized that antibodies to this spore surface antigen are largely responsible for the augmented immunity to anthrax that has been reported for animals vaccinated with inactivated spores and protective antigen (PA) compared to vaccination with PA alone. To test this theory, we first evaluated the capacity of recombinant, histidine-tagged, nonglycosylated BclA (rBclA) given with adjuvant to protect A/J mice against 10 times the 50% lethal dose of Sterne strain spores introduced subcutaneously. Although the animals elicited anti-rBclA antibodies and showed a slight but statistically significant prolongation in the mean time to death (MTD), none of the mice survived. Similarly, rabbit anti-rBclA immunoglobulin G (IgG) administered intraperitoneally to mice before spore inoculation increased the MTD statistically significantly but afforded protection to only 1 of 10 animals. However, all mice that received suboptimal amounts of recombinant PA and that then received rBclA 2 weeks later survived spore challenge. Additionally, anti-rBclA IgG, compared to anti-PA IgG, promoted a sevenfold-greater uptake of opsonized spores by mouse macrophages and markedly decreased intramacrophage spore germination. Since BctA has some sequence similarity to human collagen, we also tested the extent of binding of anti-rBclA antibodies to human collagen types I, III, and V and found no discernible cross-reactivity. Taken together, these results support the concept of rBclA as being a safe and effective boost for a PA-primed individual against anthrax and further suggest that such rBclA-enhanced protection occurs by the induction of spore-opsonizing and germination-inhibiting antibodies. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP O'Brien, AD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aobrien@usuhs.mil OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU AHRQ HHS [G173HS]; NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057168, R21 AI053397, U54 AI57168, AI53397] NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5240 EP 5247 DI 10.1128/IAI.00884-07 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 224MU UT WOS:000250451900019 PM 17785478 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Myers, RE Binarl, SC Wood, FN Garven, M AF Calame, J. P. Myers, R. E. Binarl, S. C. Wood, F. N. Garven, M. TI Experimental investigation of microchannel coolers for the high heat flux thermal management of GaN-on-SiC semiconductor devices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE microchannel cooler; single phase flow; electronic packaging; diamond ID RECTANGULAR MICROCHANNELS; LIQUID FLOW; SINKS; EXCHANGERS; CHANNELS; SINGLE; IMPACT; VLSI AB Experiments on removing high heat fluxes from GaN-on-SiC semiconductor dies using microchannel coolers are described. The dies contain an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure operated as a direct current resistor, providing a localized heat source. The active dimensions of the heat source are sized to represent the spatially-averaged heat flux that would appear in microwave power amplifiers. A wide variety of microchannel materials and configurations are investigated, allowing a comparison of performance and the resulting GaN temperatures. Silicon and AIN microchannel coolers exhibit good performance at lower power densities (1000-1200W/cm(2) over 3 x 5 mm(2) to 2 x 5 mm(2) active areas). Polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC microchannel coolers are found to be extremely promising for higher power densities (3000-4000 W/cm(2) over 1.2 x 5 mm(2) active areas with 120 degrees C GaN temperature). A hybrid microchannel cooler consisting of low-cost CVD diamond on polycrystalline CVD SiC exhibits moderately better performance (20-30%) than polycrystalline CVD SiC alone. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Mission Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MS 6843,4555 Overlook AV SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 50 IS 23-24 BP 4767 EP 4779 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.013 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 229FW UT WOS:000250789600026 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, R Fargues, MP Kurcan, RS Gupta, L Kota, S Quinn, RD Lin, D AF Vaidyanathan, Ravi Fargues, Monique P. Kurcan, R. Serdar Gupta, Lalit Kota, Srinivas Quinn, Roger D. Lin, Dong TI A dual mode human-robot teleoperation interface based on airflow in the aural cavity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2006) CY FEB 20-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE, RAS, EMBS, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Int Soc Gerontechnol, SIRI, AURION, ONDI, ERA Endoscopy, KTeam, ROBOTECH srl, Carismi DE robot teleoperation; human-machine interface; decision fusion; multi-modal control; physiological signal recognition ID MOTION TRACKING; WHEELCHAIR; EEG; ARM AB Robot teleoperation systems have been limited in their utility due to the need for operator motion, lack of portability and limitation to singular input modalities. In this article, the design and construction of a dual-mode human-machine interface system for robot teleoperation addressing all these issues is presented. The interface is capable of directing robotic devices in response to tongue movement and/or speech without insertion of any device in the vicinity of the oral cavity. The interface is centered on the unique properties of the human ear as an acoustic output device. Specifically, we present: (1) an analysis of the sensitivity of human ear canals as acoustic output device; (2) the design of a new sensor for monitoring airflow in the aural canal; (3) pattern recognition procedures for recognition of both speech and tongue movement by monitoring aural flow across several human test subjects; and (4) a conceptual design and simulation of the machine interface system. We believe this work will lay the foundation for a new generation of human machine interface systems for all manner of robotic applications. C1 Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Think A Movie Ltd, Beachwood, OH USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. EM rvaidyan@nps.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11--12 BP 1205 EP 1223 DI 10.1177/0278364907082612 PG 19 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 233IQ UT WOS:000251085000005 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SA Hennings, EJ AF Whitmore, Stephen A. Hennings, Elsa J. TI Design of a passively reefed, collapsible drogue parachute system SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A collapsible drogue parachute system developed for the X-37 approach and landing test vehicle is described. Originally, the approach and landing test vehicle test program called for a vehicle drop from a B-52 at 42,500-ft altitude. The approach and landing test vehicle relied on autonomous control for all phases of flight, including release, approach, and landing.. If a software failure induced a control surface hardover during separation, the low vehicle weight and moderate subsonic lift-to-drag ratio made it possible for recontact with the B-52 after release. To eliminate recontact possibility, a drogue parachute system was installed. The drogue was deployed before the approach and landing test vehicle drop and was jettisoned after clean separation. The high altitude at drogue release allowed predominant winds to take the chute off the Edwards Air Force Base test range and into the flight corridors of major commercial airports. A mechanism to collapse to the drogue was required to keep the landing point within the test range. A simple passive-reefing mechanism that relied on a silicone band attached at the drogue skirt was developed. At high dynamic pressure the band stretched to the skirt diameter, causing negligible drag loss, but retracted and significantly reduced drag area after jettison. Test results and the design evolution are reported. C1 [Whitmore, Stephen A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hennings, Elsa J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Human Syst Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Whitmore, SA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill,Univ Mail Code 4130, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1793 EP 1804 DI 10.2514/1.28437 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 242DE UT WOS:000251703900005 ER PT J AU Lang, NC Kwon, YW AF Lang, N. C. Kwon, Y. W. TI Investigation of the effect of metallic fuselage dents on compressive failure loads SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE; AGING AIRCRAFT; DAMAGE AB The effect of dents in metallic aircraft fuselage was examined on the compressive failure load using the finite element method. The study considered a single impact dent on two different fuselage panels at various locations and impact speeds. The material used for the finite element models was aluminum alloy 2024-T3, a typical material used for fuselages of old transport aircraft. The finite element model consisted of impact analysis followed by either linear eigenvalue analysis or postbuckling compression analysis. These analyses were performed on both stiffened and unstiffened aluminum panels. It was found that, depending on a dent status in an aluminum panel, the dent might increase or decrease the compressive failure load of the panel compared with that of the virgin panel without a dent. The compressive failure load of a panel after a low-velocity impact was generally lower than that of the virgin plate. As the impact velocity increased, the failure load of the dented panel increased, exceeding that of its virgin plate. In addition, the existence of a critical impact velocity was noticed, at which the failure load of the dented panel reached maximum and after which it started to decrease. C1 [Lang, N. C.; Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2026 EP 2033 DI 10.2514/1.31207 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 242DE UT WOS:000251703900027 ER PT J AU Hong, G Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Hu, YX King, MD Platnick, S AF Hong, Gang Yang, Ping Gao, Bo-Cai Baum, Bryan A. Hu, Yong X. King, Michael D. Platnick, Steven TI High cloud properties from three years of MODIS Terra and Aqua collection-4 data over the Tropics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; GAS EXPERIMENT-II; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE CRYSTALS; WATER-VAPOR; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB This study surveys the optical and microphysical properties of high (ice) clouds over the Tropics (30 degrees S 30 degrees N) over a 3-yr period from September 2002 through August 2005. The analyses are based on the gridded level-3 cloud products derived from the measurements acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard both the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua platforms. The present analysis is based on the MODIS collection-4 data products. The cloud products provide daily, weekly, and monthly mean cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, cloud effective radius, cloud-top temperature, cloud-top pressure, and cloud effective emissivity, which is defined as the product of cloud emittance and cloud fraction. This study is focused on high-level ice clouds. The MODIS-derived high clouds are classified as cirriform and deep convective clouds using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) classification scheme. Cirriform clouds make up more than 80% of the total high clouds, whereas deep convective clouds account for less than 20% of the total high clouds. High clouds are prevalent over the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), tropical Africa, the Indian Ocean, tropical America, and South America. Moreover, land-ocean, morning afternoon, and summer-winter variations of high cloud properties are also observed. C1 [Hong, Gang; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hu, Yong X.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [King, Michael D.; Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; NR 58 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1840 EP 1856 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1583.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240ZO UT WOS:000251626900011 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE Cook, J Frost, M Martinez, D Sprung, G AF Nachamkin, Jason E. Cook, John Frost, Mike Martinez, Daniel Sprung, Gary TI Evaluation of dispersion forecasts driven by atmospheric model output at coarse and fine resolution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM AB Lagrangian parcel models are often used to predict the fate of airborne hazardous material releases. The atmospheric input for these integrations is typically supplied by surrounding surface and upper-air observations. However, situations may arise in which observations are unavailable and numerical model forecasts may be the only source of atmospheric data. In this study, the quality of the atmospheric forecasts for use in dispersion applications is investigated as a function of the horizontal grid spacing of the atmospheric model. The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) was used to generate atmospheric forecasts for 14 separate Dipole Pride 26 trials. The simulations consisted of four telescoping one-way nested grids with horizontal spacings of 27, 9, 3, and 1 km, respectively. The 27- and 1-km forecasts were then used as input for dispersion forecasts using the Hazard Prediction Assessment Capability (HPAC) modeling system. The resulting atmospheric and dispersion forecasts were then compared with meteorological and gas-dosage observations collected during Dipole Pride 26. Although the 1-km COAMPS forecasts displayed considerably more detail than those on the 27- km grid, the RMS and bias statistics associated with the atmospheric observations were similar. However, statistics from the HPAC forecasts showed the 1-km atmospheric forcing produced more accurate trajectories than the 27- km output when compared with the dosage measurements. C1 [Nachamkin, Jason E.; Cook, John; Frost, Mike] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Martinez, Daniel; Sprung, Gary] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jason.nachamkin@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1967 EP 1980 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1570.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240ZO UT WOS:000251626900018 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Skowronski, M Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Sumakeris, JJ Paisley, MJ O'Loughlin, MJ AF Zhang, X. Skowronski, M. Liu, K. X. Stahlbush, R. E. Sumakeris, J. J. Paisley, M. J. O'Loughlin, M. J. TI Glide and multiplication of basal plane dislocations during 4H-SiC homoepitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE EPITAXY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NUCLEATION; DEVICES; GROWTH; DIODES AB Basal plane dislocations (BPDs) are an important category of extended defects in SiC epilayers. They act as nucleation sites for single layer Shockley-type stacking faults which account for the degradation of the bipolar devices operating under forward bias. It is well documented that most of the BPDs in the SiC epilayers propagate from the substrates. However, two characteristic types of BPDs were suggested to be due to either nucleation or multiplication during epitaxy, including interfacial dislocations and short BPD arrays connected to the epilayer surface by threading segments. Combining molten KOH etching, plan-view transmission x-ray topography, and photoluminescence mapping, both types are determined to be two parts of one defect produced by the sideway glide of a BPD under the influence of shear stress. During the glide, the down-step end of the BPD frequently produces a series of short BPD segments at the moving growth front. These BPD segments will grow into an array of dislocation half loops. At the same time, the sideway glide of the BPD in the epilayer leaves an edge-type BPD segment at the epilayer/substrate interface, which is the interfacial dislocation. The defect morphology provides the evidence of significant level of shear stresses present in SiC homoepitaxy of typical power device structures. The magnitude of such stresses is estimated. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Skowronski, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mareks@cmu.edu RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 9 AR 093520 DI 10.1063/1.2809343 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 231XY UT WOS:000250983700035 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL O'Sullivan, DW AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning O'Sullivan, Daniel W. TI Solubility of 4-nitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,3-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in pure water and seawater SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE; EXPLOSIVES; PREDICTION; ENTROPIES; SOLUTES; PHASE; ACID AB The solubility of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,3-dinitrotoluene (2,3-DNT), 4-nitrotoluene (NT), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) was measured in seawater with ionic strength = (0.1662, 0.3352, 0.5071, and 0.6820) mol center dot L-1 and pure water at temperatures between (277 and 314) K. The pure water solubility values compare well with values reported previously. The solubility in seawater was lower than that in pure water. The average salting-out coefficients for NT, 2,6-DNT, 2,3-DNT, and TNB were (0.15, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.09) L center dot mol(-1), respectively, which are consistent with measurements for other nitroaromatic compounds. The salting-out coefficients did not show any significant variation with temperature over the range examined. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011; OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2446 EP 2450 DI 10.1021/je700374j PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 231OL UT WOS:000250958800062 ER PT J AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos TI Nonlinear modeling by interpolation between linear dynamics and its application in control SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID OUTPUT PARAMETRIC MODELS; FUZZY MODEL; SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION; DESIGN AB This paper proposes a finite series expansion to approximate general nonlinear dynamics models to arbitrary accuracy. The method produces an approximation of nonlinear dynamics in the form of an aggregate of linear models, weighted by unimodal basis functions, and results in a linear growth bound on the approximation error Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the proposed approximation satisfies the modeling assumptions for analysis based on linear matrix inequalities and hence widens the applicability of these techniques to the area of nonlinear control. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@usna.edu NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 813 EP 824 DI 10.1115/1.2789473 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 231ZI UT WOS:000250987300007 ER PT J AU Robertson, MJ Singhose, WE AF Robertson, Michael J. Singhose, William E. TI Specified-deflection command shapers for second-order position input systems SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT AB This paper documents new command shapers designed to both eliminate the residual vibration and reduce the transient deflection of a flexible system. Equations are derived to predict both the residual vibration and the transient deflection for a mass-spring-damper system with position input, or equivalently, a mass under PD control. The solution of equations containing constraints on both the transient deflection and the residual vibration leads to the creation of specified-deflection, zero-vibration command shapers. These specified-deflection shapers limit the transient deflection to a predetermined ratio of the base line deflection resulting from an arbitrary reference command. Computer simulations and experiments on a bridge crane verify the efficacy of the new command shapers. C1 USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Robertson, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 856 EP 859 DI 10.1115/1.2789476 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 231ZI UT WOS:000250987300012 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Sarvis, JA L'Esperance, JO Preminger, GM AF Auge, Brian K. Sarvis, Jamey A. L'Esperance, James O. Preminger, Glenn M. TI Practice patterns of ureteral stenting after routine ureteroscopic stone surgery: A survey of practicing urologists SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCESS SHEATH; DRAINAGE STENT; TRIAL AB Background: Controversy exists regarding the need for ureteral stent insertion after routine ureteroscopic stone surgery. We designed a questionnaire to assess and better understand the practice patterns of urologists for stent applications. Materials and Methods: A 26-question survey was distributed to 570 community and academic urologists. The answers were anonymously tabulated to determine the practice patterns for stent placement. Results: Of the 173 respondents, 97.7% performed ureteroscopic surgery, with the majority (77%) performing 1 to 10 procedures per month. Sixty-eight percent of urologists considered more than 70% of their ureteroscopic procedures '' routine.'' Only 21% of urologists dilated the ureteral orifice more than 90% of the time. Those who dilated the ureteral orifice used a balloon (43%), ureteral access sheath (13.5%), or both ( 21%). The use of an access sheath did not change stenting practices for 75% of urologists. Patterns vary with regard to length of indwelling time, with 85% of urologists maintaining the stent for fewer than 7 days. Most urologists use either cystoscopy (42%) or pull-suture in clinic (37%) to remove stents. Patient tolerance is the most significant problem with stents reported by 97.6% of urologists. The respondents were divided into three experience-based groups: group 1, < 2 years of experience; group 2, 2 to 10 years; and group 3, > 10 years. Using Fisher's exact test, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: A wide variability exists among urologists in the practice patterns of stent insertion after routine ureteroscopic surgery. Most consider their procedures routine and are more likely to place stents after ureteral dilation despite growing evidence to the contrary. Knowledge of the varied practices may aid less experienced urologists in their decision to insert a stent after ureteroscopy. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg, Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Auge, BK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bkauge@nmcsd.med.navy.mil RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1287 EP 1291 DI 10.1089/end.2007.0038 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 238KD UT WOS:000251445600007 PM 18042016 ER PT J AU Boyd, LTD AF Boyd, L. T. Derek TI A baseline assessment of US naval food facilities using the food code's new risk-based inspection program SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed a new method for assessing food safety in retail establishments using a risk factor-based approach for prevention of foodborne illness. The study reported here surveyed facilities in the Navy's San Diego jurisdiction (11 fast-food and 22 full-service facilities) to establish a baseline rate of compliance with FDA risk factor categories. The Navy facility baseline-data compliance rate was compared with FDA baseline data from 1998. Fast-food facilities were less in compliance than they were in the FDA baseline data (59 percent versus 74 percent were in compliance), while full-service establishments were more in compliance than they were in the FDA baseline (73 percent versus 60 percent). The fact that compliance was greater among Navy facility full-service establishments than in the FDA national baseline may be partly due to staffing by military active-duty employees who receive incentives that may encourage compliance. The establishment of this-Navy baseline allows comparison with the FDA baseline. Interventions can now be quantified. C1 USN Acad, Naval Hlth Clin, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Boyd, LTD (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Hlth Clin, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. EM derek.boyd@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 4 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 226XE UT WOS:000250621000004 ER PT J AU Shaffer, PJ Ross, IM Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB Bollino, KP AF Shaffer, Patrick J. Ross, I. Michael Oppenheimer, Michael W. Doman, David B. Bollino, Kevin P. TI Fault-tolerant optimal trajectory generation for reusable launch vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL ALLOCATION; ADAPTIVE GUIDANCE; REENTRY VEHICLES; OPTIMIZATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Reconfigurable inner-loop control laws improve the fault tolerance of a vehicle to control effector failures. The control effectors can produce significant perturbations to the nominal forces and can also affect the flight conditions over which the vehicle can be controlled. Three-degree-of-freedom dynamical models typically include wing-body aerodynamic force effects but ignore the aerodynamic forces produced by the control surfaces. These trim effects are a component of 6-degree-of-freedom models; however, such models are cumbersome for the purposes of trajectory optimization. In this work, a method for including the trim effects as well as control-induced trajectory constraints in a 3-degree-of-freedom model is presented. The method uses nonlinear control allocation to determine the control effector positions, required to rotationally balance the vehicle, and uses that information to compute force perturbations and new control-induced trajectory constraints. The contributions of the control effectors to the vehicle lift and drag are computed, as well as constraints that define regions of the flight envelope where the vehicle cannot be rotationally balanced. An example is presented that includes control failure effects in a maximum downrange trajectory optimization problem. Constrained trajectories are planned by solving an optimal control problem using a Legendre pseudospectral method and state-dependent constraints, resulting from a control failure, are included. Results show that these methods hold the potential to enhance safety margins even when control effectors have failed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaffer, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.edu; Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil; kpbollin@nps.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1794 EP 1802 DI 10.2514/1.27699 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 230OJ UT WOS:000250885500022 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Johnson, BJ Hickey, TE Pons, T Ligler, FS AF Delehanty, James B. Johnson, Brandy J. Hickey, Thomas E. Pons, Thomas Ligler, Frances S. TI Binding and neutralization of lipopolysaccharides by plant proanthocyanidins SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; CRANBERRY JUICE; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; INHIBIT ADHERENCE; POLYMYXIN-B; IN-VITRO; ENDOTOXIN; MD-2 AB Proanthocyanidins (PACs), polyphenolic metabolites that are widely distributed in higher plants, have been associated with potential positive health benefits including antibacterial, chemotherapeutic, and anti atherosclerotic activities. In this paper, we analyze the binding of PACs from cranberries, tea, and grapes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and the can se of several human illnesses. We demonstrate that in the case of cranberries, the most potent LPS-binding activity is contained within a PAC fraction composed of polymers with an average degree of polymerization of 21. The PAC fraction modestly inhibits the binding of LPS to the surface of HEK 293 cells expressing the full complement of LPS receptors (TLR4/MD2 and CD14), while it significantly abrog ates the endocytosis of LPS. This PAC fraction also inhibits LPS-induced nuclear factor-kB activation in a manner that is not readily overcome by excess LPS. Such an effect is mediated through the inhibition of LPS interaction with TLR4/MD2 and the partial abrogation of LPS interaction with CD 14. Importantly, PAC concentrations that mediate effective LPS neutralization elicit minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. Our results identify PACs as a new class of LPS-binding compound and suggest that they have potential utility in applications that necessitate either the purification and removal of LPS or the in vivo neutralization of LPS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 3900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1718 EP 1724 DI 10.1021/np0703601 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 234QO UT WOS:000251179000006 PM 17949054 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI An equation for the description of volume and temperature dependences of the dynamics of supercooled liquids and polymer melts SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium held in Honour of Kia L Ngai CY SEP 16, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY DE transport properties - liquids; dielectric properties, relaxation; electric modulus; glass transition; fragility; structural relaxation; viscosity ID CRESOLPHTHALEIN-DIMETHYLETHER; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; GLASS-TRANSITION; RELAXATION; PRESSURE AB A recently proposed expression to describe the temperature and volume dependences of the structural (or alpha-) relaxation time is discussed. This equation satisfies the scaling law for the relaxation times,tau (T, V) = J(TV'), where T is temperature, V the specific volume, and gamma a material-dependent constant. The expression for the function J(TV') is shown to accurately fit experimental data for several glass-forming liquids and polymers over an extended range encompassing the dynamic crossover, providing a description of the dynamics with a minimal number of parameters. The results herein can be reconciled with previously found correlations of the isochoric fragility with both the isobaric fragility at atmospheric pressure and the scaling exponent gamma. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 41-43 BP 3936 EP 3939 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.03.026 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 225BI UT WOS:000250491700021 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Invariance of the local segmental relaxation dispersion in polycyclohexylmethacrylate/poly-alpha-methylstyrene blends SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium held in Honour of Kia L Ngai CY SEP 16, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY DE glass transition ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; POLY(CYCLOHEXYL METHACRYLATE); TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS AB Dielectric spectroscopy was carried out on polycyclohexylmethacrylate (PCHMA) and its blend with poly-(X-methylstyrene (PaMS) as a function of temperature and pressure. When measured at conditions whereby the local segmental relaxation time for the PCHMA was constant, the dispersion in the loss spectra had a fixed shape-, that is, the relaxation time determines the breadth of the relaxation time distribution, independently of T and P. This result is known for neat materials and could be observed for the blend herein due to the nonpolar character of the PaMS and the degree of thermodynamic miscibility of the blend. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 41-43 BP 3996 EP 4000 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.05.182 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 225BI UT WOS:000250491700029 ER PT J AU Mellinger, JS Laman, N Harsha, SS Cheng, S Grischkowsky, D AF Mellinger, Joseph S. Laman, N. Harsha, S. Sree Cheng, ShuFan Grischkowsky, D. TI High-resolution waveguide terahertz Spectroscopy of partially oriented organic polycrystalline films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; TCNQ CRYSTALS; THZ; MODES; ACID AB We have characterized the terahertz (THz) vibrational spectroscopy of organic polycrystalline thin films using the new experimental technique of waveguide terahertz time domain spectroscopy (waveguide THz-TDS). The organic materials used in this study are tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 1,3-dicyanobenzene (13DCB). For each material, a thin film is cast onto one of the inner surfaces of a metal parallel plate waveguide (PPWG), followed by measurement of the low-frequency vibrational spectrum using waveguide THz-TDS. The vibrational spectra of the waveguide films are compared to corresponding vibrational spectra of standard pellet samples made by dispersing the organic solid in transparent polyethylene. We show how the waveguide films produce significantly narrower THz vibrational line shapes and reveal additional spectral lines that are obscured by inhomogeneous broadening effects in the pellet samples. When TCNQ waveguide films are cooled to 77 K, vibrational line widths as sharp as 25-30 gigahertz (0.83-1.0 cm(-1)) at the full width at half-maximum are observed, which are among the narrowest far-infrared line widths measured for this material. The origin of the line-narrowing effect for the waveguide films is the suppression of inhomogeneous broadening due to the planar ordering of the film on the waveguide surface. The TCNQ waveguide films are further characterized using optical microscopic evaluation to understand how film morphology affects the THz vibrational spectrum. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the orientation of the polycrystalline TCNQ films on the PPWG surface and to qualitatively explain the different vibrational line strengths observed for the ordered waveguide film relative to the random pellet. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Mellinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.melinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Srikantaiah, Sree/D-7744-2011 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 43 BP 10977 EP 10987 DI 10.1021/jp074975i PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 225ZI UT WOS:000250556500012 PM 17929786 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, S Tarizer, D Sanders, DR Sanders, ML AF Schallhorn, Steven Tarizer, David Sanders, Donald R. Sanders, Monica L. TI Randomized prospective comparison of visian toric implantable collamer lens and conventional photorefractive keratectomy for moderate to high myopic astigmatism SO JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; WAVE-FRONT ABERRATIONS; MITOMYCIN-C; CONTACT-LENS; SURGERY; EYES AB PURPOSE: To compare the Visian Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (TICL), a toric phakic intraocular lens (IOL), and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the correction of moderate to high myopic astigmatism. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study consisted of 43 eyes implanted with the TICL (20 bilateral cases) and 45 eyes receiving PRK with mitomycin C (22 bilateral cases) with moderate to high myopia (-6.00 to -20.00 diopters [D] sphere) measured at the spectacle plane and 1.00 to 4.00 D of astigmatism. All patient treatment and follow-up occurred at the Naval Medical Center San Diego. Study follow-up was 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. RESULTS: Mean best spectacle -corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), change in BSCVA, proportion of cases with improvement of 1 or more lines of BSCVA, proportion of cases with BSCVA and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 20/12.5 or better, proportion of cases with BSCVA and UCVA 20/16 or better (6 months, 88% vs 54%, P=.002), and predictability +/- 1.00 D (6 months, 100% vs 67%, P <.001) were all significantly better in the TICL group than the PRK group at all time periods studied postoperatively. Similarly, contrast sensitivity, tested at both the 5% photopic level and the 25% mesopic level, was significantly better at all postoperative time points in the TICL group. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was closer to emmetropia (0.28 +/- 0.41 vs 0.76 +/- 0.86, P=.005), and predictability +/- 0.50 D and stability of manifest refraction (+/- 0.50 D and +/- 1.00 D) were significantly better in the TICL group at all postoperative visits through 6 months. Mean astigmatism correction at 6 months was not significantly different between the two groups (0.52 +/- 0.33 vs 0.46 +/- 0.35, P=.450). CONCLUSIONS: The TICL performed better than PRK in all measures of safety (BSCVA), efficacy (UCVA), predictability, and stability in this comparison, supporting the TICL as a viable alternative to existing refractive surgical treatments. C1 Clin Res Ctr, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Univ Illinois, Eye & Ear Infirm, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sanders, DR (reprint author), Clin Res Ctr, 242 N York Rd Ste 102, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. EM drsmd@drsmd.com NR 17 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-597X J9 J REFRACT SURG JI J. Refractive Surg. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 9 BP 853 EP 867 PG 15 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 233SC UT WOS:000251109600001 PM 18041238 ER PT J AU Soukup, RJ Canepa, G Simpson, HJ Summers, JE Gragg, RF AF Soukup, Raymond J. Canepa, Gaetano Simpson, Harry J. Summers, Jason E. Gragg, Robert F. TI Small-slope simulation of acoustic backscatter from a physical model of an elastic ocean bottom SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-SURFACE; SCATTERING AB An underwater acoustic experiment with a two-dimensional rough interface, milled from,a slab of PVC, was performed at a tank facility. The purpose was to verify the predictions of numerical models of acoustic rough surface scattering, using a manufactured physical model of an ocean bottom that featured shear effects, nonhomogeneous roughness statistics, and root-mean-square roughness amplitude on the order of the acoustic wavelength. Predictions of the received time series and interface scattering strength in the 100-300 kHz band were obtained from the Bottom Reverberation from Inhomogeneities and Surfaces-Small-Slope Approximation, (BORIS-SSA) numerical scattering model. The predictions were made using direct measurements of scattering model inputs-specifically, the geoacoustic properties from laboratory analysis of material samples and the grid of surface heights from a touch-trigger probe. BORIS-SSA predictions for the amplitude of the received time series were shown to be accurate with a root-mean-square residual error of about 1 dB, while errors for the scattering strength prediction were higher (2-3.5 dB). The work is part of an ongoing effort to use physical, models to examine a variety of acoustic scattering and propagation phenomena involving the ocean bottom. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-1916 La Spezia, Italy. RP Soukup, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM soukup@abyss.nrl.navy.mil RI Summers, Jason/K-3142-2012 OI Summers, Jason/0000-0002-9247-7900 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2551 EP 2559 DI 10.1121/1.2783116 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 224MT UT WOS:000250451800008 PM 18189546 ER PT J AU Edelmann, GF Lingevitch, JF Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Calvo, DC AF Edelmann, Geoffrey F. Lingevitch, Joseph F. Gaumond, Charles F. Fromm, David M. Calvo, David C. TI Comparison of a subrank to a full-rank time-reversal operator in a dynamic ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; PHASE-CONJUGATION; DECOMPOSITION; REVERBERATION; MIRROR; SCATTERERS; RESOLUTION; ENHANCEMENT; ACOUSTICS; ECHO AB This paper investigates the application of time-reversal techniques to the detection and ensonification of a target of interest. The focusing method is based on a generalization of time-reversal operator techniques. A subrank time-reversal operator is derived and implemented using a discrete set of transmission beams to ensonify a region of interest. In a dynamic ocean simulation, target focusing using a subrank matrix is shown to be superior to using a full-rank matrix, specifically when the subrank matrix is captured in a period shorter than the coherence time of the modeled environment. Backscatter from the point target was propagated to a vertical 64-element source-receiver array and processed to form the sub-rank time-reversal operator matrix. The eigenvector corresponding to the strongest eigenvalue of the time-reversal operator was shown to focus energy on the target in simulation. Modeled results will be augmented by a limited at-sea experiment conducted on the New Jersey shelf in April-May 2004 measured low-frequency backscattered signal from an artificial target (echo repeater). C1 Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edelmann, GF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoffrey.edelmann@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2706 EP 2714 DI 10.1121/1.2783127 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 224MT UT WOS:000250451800025 PM 18189563 ER PT J AU Errico, RM Ohring, G Bauer, P Ferrier, B Mahfouf, JF Turk, J Weng, F AF Errico, Ronald M. Ohring, George Bauer, Peter Ferrier, Brad Mahfouf, Jean-Francois Turk, Joe Weng, Fuzhong TI Assimilation of satellite cloud and precipitation observations in numerical weather prediction models: Introduction to the JAS special collection SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material AB To date, the assimilation of satellite measurements in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has focused on the clear atmosphere. But satellite observations in the visible, infrared, and microwave provide a great deal of information on clouds and precipitation. This special collection describes how to use this information to initialize clouds and precipitation in models. Since clouds and precipitation often occur in sensitive regions for forecast impacts, such improvements are likely necessary for continuing to acquire significant gains in weather forecasting. This special collection of the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is devoted to articles based on papers presented at the International Workshop on Assimilation of Satellite Cloud and Precipitation Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction Models, in Lansdowne, Virginia, in May 2005. This introduction summarizes the findings of the workshop. The special collection includes review articles on satellite observations of clouds and precipitation (Stephens and Kummerow), parameterizations of clouds and precipitation in NWP models (Lopez), radiative transfer in cloudy/precipitating atmospheres (Weng), and assimilation of cloud and precipitation observations (Errico et al.),as well as research papers on these topics. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forescasts, Reading, Berks, England. NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Room 808,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM george.ohring@noaa.gov RI Ohring, George/F-5616-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 64 IS 11 BP 3737 EP 3741 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2622.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 236DK UT WOS:000251283000001 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Halvorson, HA Shiau, D Althoff, J Monteville, MR Shaheen, H Horvath, EP Armstrong, AW AF Riddle, Mark S. Halvorson, Heather A. Shiau, Danny Althoff, Juliann Monteville, Marshall R. Shaheen, Hind Horvath, Edward P. Armstrong, Adam W. TI Acute gastrointestinal infection, respiratory illness, and noncombat injury among US military personnel during operation bright star 2005, in Northern Egypt SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES SOLDIERS; NONBATTLE INJURY; COLONIZATION FACTORS; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CARE STATISTICS; DISEASE; EXPERIENCE; DIARRHEA; ANIMALS AB Background. In the fall 2005, approximately 7,500 US military personnel participated in an exercise in the Egyptian desert. The epidemiology of disease and noncombat injury among deployed troops is important in the context of assessing current mitigation strategies and the development of future ones. Methods. To assess the prevalence and impact of diarrhea and enteropathogen distribution, we conducted a case series study. To assess the relative impact of diarrhea compared to respiratory infection and injury, we conducted a post-deployment survey and compared these data to clinic-based syndromic surveillance data. Results. We enrolled 43 patients with acute diarrhea, 21 (49%) having one or more pathogens isolated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (n = 16), enteroaggregative E coli (n = 3), and Shigella spp. (n = 3) were the most common pathogens identified. Respiratory illness had the highest incidence (73 episodes/100 person-months) compared to diarrhea (35 episodes/100 person-months) and noncombat injury (17 episodes/100 person-months), though noncombat injury more frequently resulted in lost duty days and health-care utilization. Conclusions. Noncombat injuries and illnesses have had a significant impact on military missions and continue to result in force health protection challenges today. Future studies are needed to test and evaluate countermeasures to mitigate these illnesses and injuries to increase the health of the individuals and optimize mission readiness. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Enter Dis Program, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USA, Combat Support Hosp 256th, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM markriddlemd@hotmail.com RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00159.x PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 229IU UT WOS:000250797300006 PM 17995535 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Llewellyn, DM AF Maguire, Jason D. Llewellyn, David M. TI Relapsing vivax malaria after 6 months of daily atovaquone/proguanil in Afghanistan: The case for expanded use of primaquine as a causal prophylactic SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NONIMMUNE COLOMBIAN SOLDIERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EFFICACY AB A 22-year-old soldier presented with vivax malaria after extended travel in Afghanistan. Compliant with atovaquone/proguanil in country, he discontinued prophylaxis immediately upon departure. This case raises important issues regarding prophylactic choice and compliance during travel to Plasmodium vivax endemic locations and primaquine's registration status for prophylaxis and use by practitioners. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. US Mil Hosp, Expeditionary Med Fac, Arifjan, Kuwait. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jason.maguire@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 411 EP 414 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2007.00153.x PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 229IU UT WOS:000250797300009 PM 17995538 ER PT J AU He, MQ Mohammad, SN AF He, Maoqi Mohammad, S. Noor TI Structural characteristics of single-crystal nanowires grown by self-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS NANOWIRES; GAN NANOWIRES; INDIUM; GAAS; NH3 AB Physical characteristics of III-V nitride nanowires grown by the self-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method have been studied. The nanowire shape (uniform or tapered) and nanowire branching are found to depend on a number of parameters that influence the nanowire growth. Among them, the Gibbs-Thompson effect and the diffusivity of adatoms through liquid droplet dictate the length-to-diameter relationship of nanowires. The Raman scattering spectrum shows that the nanowires exist primarily in the hexagonal phase. Local modes, electronic transitions of dopant atoms, and impurity atoms contribute to unexpected peaks in this spectrum. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Mohammad, S. Noor] Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Mohammad, S. Noor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [He, Maoqi] Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1909 EP 1915 DI 10.1116/1.2804613 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 240UA UT WOS:000251611900030 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Kurtz, CA AF Enad, Jerome G. Kurtz, Christopher A. TI Isolated and combined Type II SLAP repairs in a military population SO KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SLAP; age-matched; return to duty ID GLENOID LABRAL TEARS; IISLAP LESIONS; ARTHROSCOPIC FIXATION; ROTATOR CUFF; FOLLOW-UP; TACK; STABILIZATION; INJURIES; SHOULDER; ANTERIOR AB The study compares the clinical results of isolated arthroscopic repair of Type II SLAP tears with those of combined treatment for Type II SLAP and other associated shoulder conditions. The population was composed of 36 aged-matched active duty males with a mean age of 31.6 years (range 22-41 years); mean follow-up was 29.1 months (range 24-42 months). Eighteen subjects in Group I had isolated Type II SLAP tears. Eighteen subjects in Group II had Type II SLAP tear and concomitant ipsilateral shoulder conditions, including subacromial impingement in six patients, acromioclavicular arthrosis in three patients, subacromial impingement and acromioclavicular arthrosis in four patients, spinoglenoid cyst in four patients, and intra-articular loose bodies in one patient. Arthroscopic SLAP repair was performed with biodegradable suture anchors. Subacromial decompression and spinoglenoid cyst decompression were performed arthroscopically. Distal claviculectomy was performed in open fashion. Loose bodies were removed arthroscopically. At minimum 2-year follow-up, the mean UCLA score for Group I (30.2 +/- 3.0 points) was not significantly different from Group II (30.8 +/- 2.0 points) (P = 0.48). The mean post-operative ASES score for Group I (84.1 +/- 13.4 points) was significantly lower than for Group II (91.8 +/- 5.4 points) (P < 0.04). The mean VAS pain score for Group I (1.6 +/- 1.3 points) was significantly higher than for Group II (0.7 +/- 0.7 points) (P < 0.02). Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) in each group returned to full duty. In a population of active duty males, arthroscopic repair of isolated Type II SLAP had comparable results with a cohort of Type II SLAP repairs treated in combination with other shoulder conditions, with the combined treatment group having significantly better results in two of three parameters measured. Return to duty rates were identical. Therefore, concurrent treatment of other associated extra-articular shoulder conditions improves the overall success of SLAP repair and the presence of these other conditions should be recognized and treated along with the SLAP tears in order to maximize clinical results. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jerome.enad@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0942-2056 J9 KNEE SURG SPORT TR A JI Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1382 EP 1389 DI 10.1007/s00167-007-0334-8 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 224JF UT WOS:000250442600018 PM 17497133 ER PT J AU Dickinson, HW AF Dickinson, H. W. TI Her majesty's inspectors in admiralty schools, 1839-1864 SO MARINERS MIRROR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Kings Coll London, Def Studies Dept, London, England. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Royal Naval Coll, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Dickinson, HW (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Def Studies Dept, London, England. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAUTICAL RESEARCH PI LONDON PA NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM GREENWICH, LONDON SE10 9NF, ENGLAND SN 0025-3359 J9 MARINERS MIRROR JI Mar. Mirror PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 469 EP 481 PG 13 WC History SC History GA 238WO UT WOS:000251479100007 ER PT J AU Armstrong, RW Arnold, W Zerilli, FJ AF Armstrong, R. W. Arnold, W. Zerilli, F. J. TI Dislocation mechanics of shock-induced plasticity SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Dynamic Behavior of Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP TMS Struct Mat Div, TMS/ASM Mech Behav Mat Comm ID CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; STRAIN-RATE; TANTALUM; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; METALS AB The constitutive deformation behavior of copper, Armco iron, and tantalum materials is described over a range of strain rates from conventional compressive/tensile testing, through split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test results, to shock-determined Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) stresses and the follow-on shock-induced plasticity. A mismatch between the so-called Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A) constitutive equation description of pioneering SHPB measurements for copper provided initial evidence of a transition from the plastic strain rate being controlled by movement of the resident dislocation population to the strain rate being controlled by dislocation generation at the shock front, not by a retarding effect of dislocation drag. The transition is experimentally confirmed by connection with Swegle-Grady-type shock vs plastic strain rate measurements reported for all three materials but with an important role for twinning in the case of Armco iron and tantalum. A model description of the shock-induced plasticity results leads to a pronounced linear dependence of effective stress on the logarithm of the plastic strain rate. Taking into account the Hall-Petch grain size dependence is important in specifying the slip vs twinning transition for Armco iron at increasing strain rates. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MBDA TDW, D-86523 Schrobenhausen, Germany. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rona@eng.umd.edu NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 38A IS 11 BP 2605 EP 2610 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9142-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 231JX UT WOS:000250944100002 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Lauridsen, EM Ludwig, W Tafforeau, P Spanos, G AF Fonda, R. W. Lauridsen, E. M. Ludwig, W. Tafforeau, P. Spanos, G. TI Two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses of sigma precipitates and porosity in a superaustenitic stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INCLUSION AB X-ray micro-tomography revealed not only the true three-dimensional (3-D) distribution, interconnectivity, and morphology of coarse sigma precipitates in an AL-6XN superaustenitic stainless steel, but also the presence of an internal void network associated with these precipitates. The voids were present within the bulk of the undeformed material, indicating that they formed during alloy fabrication. The presence of these voids in association with the brittle sigma particles has important implications for the mechanical behavior of these alloys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, UMR 5510, INSA Lyon, Lab Mateis, Lyon, France. Riso Natl Lab, Ctr Fundamental Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil RI Ludwig, Wolfgang/G-5823-2012; OI Lauridsen, Erik/0000-0002-4923-8373 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 38A IS 11 BP 2721 EP 2726 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9261-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 231JX UT WOS:000250944100012 ER PT J AU O'Connor, CFG Deuster, PA Henry, KA Martindale, VE Talbot, L Jonas, W Friedl, K AF O'Connor, Francis G. Deuster, Patricia A. Henry, Kurt A. Martindale, Valerie E. Talbot, Laura Jonas, Wayne Friedl, Karl TI Human performance optimization: An evolving charge to the department of Defense SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences hosted a conference in June 2006 entitled "Human Performance Optimization in the Department of Defense: Charting a Course for the Future" with the goal of developing a strategic plan for human performance optimization (HPO) within the Department of Defense (DoD). The conference identified key issues: (1) advocating for HPO at all DoD levels, (2) defining HPO specific to DoD requirements, (3) developing valid and standardized metrics for HPO, (4) translating HPO research into the operational community, and (5) establishing effective communication and coordination across military services and within the medical, research and operational communities. The program objectives should enhance mental and physical resilience of the war fighter; accelerate recovery; reduce injury and illness; provide seamless knowledge transfer from laboratory to line; improve the human system contribution to mission success; and allow the U.S. to remain in the lead in this area. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20332 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Samueli Inst, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP O'Connor, CFG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015; OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 172 IS 11 BP 1133 EP 1137 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 232FS UT WOS:000251004300001 ER PT J AU Westphal, RJ AF Westphal, Richard J. TI Fleet leaders' attitudes about subordinates' use of mental health services SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISORDERS; MILITARY; MEMBERS; DUTY; CARE AB Mental disorders are a significant source of medical and occupational morbidity for sailors. Stigma, fear of negative career impact, and subordinates concern about leaders' attitudes are significant barriers to the use of mental health services. Semi-structured interviews and military policies were data sources used to analyze the language, knowledge, and attitudes of Navy surface fleet leaders about mental illness and mental health treatment using Foucault's concept of discourse analysis. A discourse is a system of knowledge that influences language, perceptions, values, and social practices. The results showed that leaders' concerns about sailors' mental combat readiness, not mental illness stigma, was the dominant discourse about mental illness and mental health services use. In particular, organizational differences between the surface warfare and the mental health communities may influence leaders' attitudes more than stigma. This study provides an elaborated view of mental health knowledge and power within a Navy community. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Westphal, RJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Nursing Res Serv, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 172 IS 11 BP 1138 EP 1143 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 232FS UT WOS:000251004300002 PM 18062385 ER PT J AU Areshkin, DA White, CT AF Areshkin, Denis A. White, Carter T. TI Building blocks for integrated graphene circuits SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; EDGE; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; SIMULATION; NANOSTRIPS; TRANSPORT AB The observation of single sheets of graphite (graphene) presents new possibilities for carbon-based nanoelectronics. We report defect tolerant configurations for a nearly reflectionless 120 degrees turn and nearly reflectionless symmetric and asymmetric splitters, which can be cut from graphene. Connections between zigzag strips of different widths can be made with either low or high reflectance depending on the connection shape. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Areshkin, DA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM denis.areshkin@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3253 EP 3259 DI 10.1021/nl070708c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 232ZI UT WOS:000251059800002 PM 17658867 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, Michael F. TI Mathematical physics - First encounters SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 30,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM mike.shlesinger@navy.mil NR 2 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7166 BP 40 EP 41 DI 10.1038/450040a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 226JR UT WOS:000250585800029 PM 17972870 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Penano, JR AF Hafizi, B. Sprangle, P. Penano, J. R. TI Pulse slippage in high-gain, optically guided free-electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE free-electron laser; slippage; optical guiding; high-gain ID REGIME AB Using the solution of the fully three-dimensional dispersion relation for the fastest-growing mode an expression for slippage in an optically guided free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier is derived. The FEL operates in the exponential regime and the optical beam is guided by the electron beam. The slippage distance is less than that in the low-gain regime. The reduced slippage arises from the dispersion characteristics of the optical beam and is a manifestation of (i) gain effects and (ii) finite-spot-size effects. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. EM hafizi@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 581 IS 3 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.166 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 234GF UT WOS:000251148000005 ER PT J AU Norton, GV AF Norton, Guy V. TI Finite-difference time-domain simulation of acoustic propagation in heterogeneous dispersive medium SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE acoustic; causality; dispersion; finite-difference time-domain ID INCLUDING DISPERSION; ATTENUATION; EQUATIONS; WAVES AB Accurate modeling of pulse propagation and scattering is a problem in many disciplines (i.e., electromagnetics and acoustics). It is even more tenuous when the medium is dispersive. Blackstock [D. T. Blackstock, J Acoust Soc Am 77 (1985) 2050] first proposed a theory that resulted in adding an additional term (the derivative of the convolution between the causal time-domain propagation factor and the acoustic pressure) that takes into account the dispersive nature of the medium. Thus deriving a modified wave equation applicable to either linear or nonlinear propagation. For the case of an acoustic wave propagating in a two-dimensional heterogeneous dispersive medium, a finite-difference time-domain representation of the modified linear wave equation can been used to solve for the acoustic pressure. The method is applied to the case of scattering from and propagating through a 2-D infinitely long cylinder with the properties of fat tissue encapsulating a cyst. It is found that ignoring the heterogeneity in the medium can lead to significant error in the propagated/scattered field. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Norton, GV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM guy.norton@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1420 EP 1428 DI 10.1002/num.20231 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 221WB UT WOS:000250257000009 ER PT J AU Fredriksson, DW Decew, JC Tsukrov, I AF Fredriksson, David W. Decew, Judson C. Tsukrov, Igor TI Development of structural modeling techniques for evaluating HDPE plastic net pens used in marine aquaculture SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coastal aquaculture; aquacultural engineering; finite-element analysis; fish cages AB Finite-element modeling (FEM) techniques are developed to determine the structural capabilities of net pen flotation structures made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The modeling approach uses shell elements and localized failure criteria to predict critical loading conditions. Finite element modeling simulations were performed using values for the modulus of elasticity for weathered HDPE determined from a series of tensile tests. Poisson's ratio and yield stress used with the approach were obtained from standard manufacturers values. To investigate the method, a series of experiments were performed in the laboratory by testing circular sections of HDPE pipe to localized failure ("kinking"). The same test was replicated with the FEM using localized failure techniques. Laboratory and model results were within 16%. A FEM was then built to represent the complex geometry of a net pen flotation structure deployed at an operational fish farm located in Eastport, ME, USA. Simulations were performed using attachment line tension values measured at the site. The goal was to assess flotation pipe stress levels for typical operational conditions. Simulations were also performed to investigate the maximum capabilities of the net pen structure with different attachment line configurations. Quantifying the operational limits will become more important as these systems are considered for more exposed, energetic environments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fredriks@usna.edu; jcdc@unh.edu; igor.tsukrov@unh.edu NR 9 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 34 IS 16 BP 2124 EP 2137 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2007.04.007 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 214XN UT WOS:000249771700003 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL AF Campillo, Anthony L. TI Orthogonally polarized single sideband modulator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A modulator design capable of producing a new constant intensity modulation format is proposed. The modulator consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer containing two polarization modulators. By shifting the relative phase of the electrical drive signal applied to each polarization modulator by 90 degrees a modulation consisting of a carrier and a single sideband, polarized orthogonal to the carrier, is produced. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.l.campillo@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3152 EP 3154 DI 10.1364/OL.32.003152 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 237CJ UT WOS:000251350100034 PM 17975627 ER PT J AU Terraciano, ML Olson, SE Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z Fatemi, FK AF Terraciano, Matthew L. Olson, Spencer E. Bashkansky, Mark Dutton, Zachary Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI Magnetically controlled velocity selection in a cold-atom sample using stimulated Raman transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CESIUM ATOMS; LASER AB We observe velocity-selective two-photon resonances in a cold atom cloud in the presence of a magnetic field. We use these resonances to demonstrate a simple magnetometer with sub-mG resolution. The technique is particularly useful for zeroing the magnetic field and does not require any additional laser frequencies than are already used for standard magneto-optical traps. We verify the effects using Faraday rotation spectroscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terraciano, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 053421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.053421 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 236TN UT WOS:000251326400110 ER PT J AU Carter, SG Chen, Z Cundiff, ST AF Carter, S. G. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. TI Ultrafast below-resonance Raman rotation of electron spins in GaAs quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; DOTS AB We demonstrate that short optical pulses below the absorption edge of GaAs quantum wells rotate the spin polarization of dopant electrons with negligible excitation of additional carriers. The dopant electrons are partially polarized by a magnetic field perpendicular to the optical axis, and a circularly polarized pump pulse rotates the polarization through an adiabatic Raman process. This rotated spin polarization precesses in the magnetic field out of phase by pi/2 relative to spin-polarized carriers generated by absorption. This technique can be used to manipulate spin polarizations without the complication of optically excited electrons and holes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 20 AR 201308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.201308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 236TS UT WOS:000251326900012 ER PT J AU Houze, J Kim, SH Kim, SG Erwin, SC Whitman, LJ AF Houze, Jeffery Kim, Sungho Kim, Seong-Gon Erwin, S. C. Whitman, L. J. TI Structure of AlSb(001) and GaSb(001) surfaces under extreme Sb-rich conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON COUNTING MODEL; INTERFACE ROUGHNESS; GAAS(001); PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; RECONSTRUCTIONS; PHOTOEMISSION; GROWTH AB We use density-functional theory to study the structure of AlSb(001) and GaSb(001) surfaces. Based on a variety of reconstruction models, we construct surface stability diagrams for AlSb and GaSb under different growth conditions. For AlSb(001), the predictions are in excellent agreement with experimentally observed reconstructions. For GaSb(001), we show that the previously proposed model accounts for the experimentally observed reconstructions under Ga-rich growth conditions but fails to explain the experimental observations under Sb-rich conditions. We propose a model that has a substantially lower surface energy than all (nx5)-like reconstructions proposed previously and that, in addition, leads to a simulated scanning tunneling microscopy image in better agreement with experiment than existing models. However, this model has higher surface energy than some of (4x3)-like reconstructions, models with periodicity that has not been observed. Hence, we conclude that the experimentally observed (1x5) and (2x5) structures on GaSb(001) are kinetically limited rather than at the ground state. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Houze, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kimsg@ccs.msstate.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 20 AR 205303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.205303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 236TS UT WOS:000251326900049 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Garland, CF Gorham, ED Grant, WB Garland, FC AF Mohr, Sharif B. Garland, Cedric F. Gorham, Edward D. Grant, William B. Garland, Frank C. TI Is ultraviolet B irradiance inversely associated with incidence rates of endometrial cancer: an ecological study of 107 countries SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endometrial neoplasms; ultraviolet rays; vitamin D; epidemiology; diet ID VITAMIN-D; MORTALITY-RATES; BREAST-CANCER; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ENDOGENOUS HORMONES; SOLAR-RADIATION; OVARIAN-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTORS; COLON CANCER; RISK AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to perform an ecological analysis of the relationship between low levels of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance and age-standardized incidence rates of endometrial cancer by country, controlling for known confounders. Methods. The contributions of UVB irradiance, cloud cover, intake of energy from animal sources, proportion of population overweight, skin pigmentation, per capita cigarette consumption, per capita health expenditure, and total fertility rates, to age-standardized incidence rates of endometrial cancer in 107 countries were assessed using multiple regression. Results. Incidence rates were higher at higher latitudes (R-2=0.47, p < 0.01). According to multiple regression, UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover was negatively associated with incidence rates (p=0.02), while proportion of population overweight (p=0.004), intake of energy from animal sources (p=0.01) and per capita health expenditure (p < 0.0001) were positively associated with incidence rates (overall R-2=0.73, p < 0.0001). Conclusion. An association was found between low UVB irradiance, high intake of energy from animal sources, per capita health expenditure, proportion of population overweight, and incidence rates. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Garland, Cedric F.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Frank C.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Grant, William B.] Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cgarland@ucsd.edu RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.01.012 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 240BW UT WOS:000251563000004 PM 17395256 ER PT J AU Bair, S Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Bair, S. Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Fragility and the dynamic crossover in lubricants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART J-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elastohydrodynamic lubrication; fragility; traction; pressure-viscosity behaviour; Eyring stress ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION; VISCOSITY DATA; RELAXATION; POLYMERS AB The property of fragility in glass forming liquids is introduced to elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). Using viscosity measurements for three liquids that have been the subject of traction studies the fragility of liquids is shown to be important to EHL traction and the property that most influences the representative (Eyring) stress. The derivative Stickel analysis is then carried out for lubricants. Using viscosity measurements, the dynamic crossover is detected for the first time in lubricants. The viscosity at the crossover is either constant or varies slowly with temperature and pressure and the crossover pressure varies with temperature in a manner similar to the glass transition pressure. The free-volume model fails to predict the occurrence of the dynamic crossover. C1 [Bair, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roland, C. M.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Casalini, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Bair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM scott.bair@me.gatech.edu NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1350-6501 J9 P I MECH ENG J-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J.-J. Eng. Tribol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 221 IS J7 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1243/13506501JET278 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 242KE UT WOS:000251723200006 ER PT J AU Christov, I Christov, CI Jordan, PM AF Christov, Ivan Christov, C. I. Jordan, P. M. TI Modeling weakly nonlinear acoustic wave propagation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION-WAVES; THERMOVISCOUS PHENOMENA; SONIC DISCONTINUITIES; RANDOM-MEDIA; GROWTH; DECAY; FLUID; GASES; SOUND; EQUATIONS AB Three weakly nonlinear models of lossless, compressible fluid flow-a straightforward weakly nonlinear equation (WNE), the inviscid Kuznetsov equation (IKE) and the Lighthill-Westervelt equation (LWE)-are derived from first principles and their relationship to each other is established. Through a numerical study of the blow-up of acceleration waves, the weakly nonlinear equations are compared to the 'exact' Euler equations, and the ranges of applicability of the approximate models are assessed. By reformulating these equations as hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, we are able to employ a Godunov-type finite-difference scheme to obtain numerical solutions of the approximate models for times beyond the instant of blow-up (that is, shock formation), for both density and velocity boundary conditions. Our study reveals that the straightforward WNE gives the best results, followed by the IKE, with the LWE's performance being the poorest overall. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Christov, Ivan/B-9418-2008; Christov, Christo/C-1081-2008 OI Christov, Ivan/0000-0001-8531-0531; NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-5614 J9 Q J MECH APPL MATH JI Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 60 BP 473 EP 495 DI 10.1093/qjmam/hbm017 PN 4 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 232RS UT WOS:000251037600005 ER PT J AU Ng, SJ Meilunas, RJ AF Ng, Stanley J. Meilunas, Raymond J. TI A review of aligned discontinuous carbon fiber systems for composites forming SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Production costs for advanced composite aerospace components are directly related to part complexity. Touch labor content is substantial when parts with high levels of double curvature are fabricated by conventional hand lay up and autoclave cure. Automated forming processes have reduced the labor content of production parts with commensurate cost savings. However, such processes are also limited by the level of double curvature present, as the tendency toward laminate wrinkling increases with part complexity. New material systems, based on aligned, discontinuous carbon fiber forms, offer the potential to increase the part complexity spectrum available to these cost efficient automated forming processes. By offering additional deformation mechanisms, associated with fiber axis stretching, these materials alleviate in-plane and interply shearing requirements that constitute the principal process limitations of continuous fiber systems. This paper provides an overview of past and recent development of this new class of material for composites forming. Examples of these material systems include LDF/PEKK, SBCF and Discotex (TM). C1 NAVAIR, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM stan.ng@navair.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 19 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 223FU UT WOS:000250355900004 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Holtz, RL Rupich, MW Spanos, G AF Goswami, R. Holtz, R. L. Rupich, M. W. Spanos, G. TI Formation of nanoparticles and defects in YBa2Cu3O7-delta prepared by the metal organic deposition process SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; superconductors; MOD process; electron microscopy ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; NUCLEATION; SRTIO3; GROWTH AB Nanoparticles and defects have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy in fully reacted YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO), prepared by the metal-organic deposition (MOD) process. Two types of particles, Y2O3 and CuY2O5, ranging from 10 to 100 nm, have been observed in the YBCO matrix. The YBCO contains a large number of planar defects and a considerable number of (110) rotational twins. Details of the nanoparticles and defects in the MOD-processed YBCO films are presented in this paper. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. American Superconduct Inc, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 57 IS 9 BP 797 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.07.014 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 208ZB UT WOS:000249356800003 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV Anderson, GP Ligler, FS Shaffer, KM Taitt, CR AF Kulagina, Nadezhda V. Anderson, George P. Ligler, Frances S. Shaffer, Kara M. Taitt, Chris Rowe TI Antimicrobial peptides: New recognition molecules for detecting botulinum toxins SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptide; botulinum toxin; detection; array; biosensor ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; SEROTYPE-A; IN-VITRO; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; BIOLOGICAL TOXINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Many organisms secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for protection against harmful microbes. The present study describes detection of botulinum neurotoxoids A, B and E using AMPs as recognition elements in an array biosensor. While AMP affinities were similar to those for anti-botulinum antibodies, differences in binding patterns were observed and can potentially be used for identification of toxoid serotype. Furthermore, some AMPs also demonstrated superior detection sensitivity compared to antibodies: toxoid A could be detected at 3.5 LD50 of the active toxin in a 75-min assay, whereas toxoids B and E were detected at 14 and 80 LD50 for their respective toxins. C1 Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 80 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2808 EP 2824 DI 10.3390/s7112808 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 235MQ UT WOS:000251238800023 ER PT J AU Chen, J Schuck, PW AF Chen, James Schuck, Peter W. TI Damped oscillations of coronal loops SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Conference on Solar MHD Wave Studies held in Honor of Bernard Robets CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2006 CL Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN DE Sun : magnetic field; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal loops; Sun : oscillations; Sun : flux ropes ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MODE KINK OSCILLATIONS; RESONANT ABSORPTION; FLUX ROPE; VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS; TRANSITION-REGION; MASS EJECTION; SOLAR CORONA; ALFVEN WAVES; PROMINENCE AB A mechanism of damped oscillations of a coronal loop is investigated. The loop is treated as a thin toroidal flux rope with two stationary photospheric footpoints, carrying both toroidal and poloidal currents. The forces and the flux-rope dynamics are described within the framework of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The main features of the theory are the following: i) Oscillatory motions are determined by the Lorentz force that acts on curved current-carrying plasma structures and ii) damping is caused by drag that provides the momentum coupling between the flux rope and the ambient coronal plasma. The oscillation is restricted to the vertical plane of the flux rope. The initial equilibrium flux rope is set into oscillation by a pulse of upflow of the ambient plasma. The theory is applied to two events of oscillating loops observed by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). It is shown that the Lorentz force and drag with a reasonable value of the coupling coefficient (c(d) ) and without anomalous dissipation are able to accurately account for the observed damped oscillations. The analysis shows that the variations in the observed intensity can be explained by the minor radial expansion and contraction. For the two events, the values of the drag coefficient consistent with the observed damping times are in the range c(d) approximate to 2-5, with specific values being dependent on parameters such as the loop density, ambient magnetic field, and the loop geometry. This range is consistent with a previous MHD simulation study and with values used to reproduce the observed trajectories of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.chen@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9011-9 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 238DF UT WOS:000251426800012 ER PT J AU Moltz, JC AF Moltz, James Clay TI Protecting safe access to space: Lessons from the first 50 years of space security SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB Despite predictions to the contrary Lit various times from 1957 to 2007, the first 50 years of space security have ended without an arms race or military combat. Arguably, the three riskiest years were 1962, 1983, and 2001. Looking for lessons from these cases, we can identify. four primary trends that helped states avoid arms races and direct conflicts in orbit: (1) risks of collective "bads"; (2) fear of action-reaction dynamics; (3) the high cost of space weapons; and (4) the asset of transparency. As we look ahead, trends toward a continued focus on these factors in space security seem strong. But successful prevention of future space warfare will require strengthened forms of individual and collective restraint by all actors in space. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Security Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moltz, JC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Security Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jcmoltz@nps.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2007.09.002 PG 7 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 243OG UT WOS:000251806600002 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Bhattacharya, S Pecht, M AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Bhattacharya, Sujit Pecht, Michael TI Assessment of China's and India's science and technology literature - introduction, background, and approach SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE China; India; science and technology; research evaluation; research assessment; technology assessment; text mining; bibliometrics; computational linguistics; document clustering; factor analysis; correlation mapping; core competency ID BIBLIOMETRICS; KNOWLEDGE; SYSTEM; TRENDS; IMPACT AB Science and technology (S&T) allows (1) automation to replace human labor, (2) enhanced human labor capabilities, (3) quicker and cheaper production of goods, and (4) more complex products and processes. In order to maintain competitive advantages, it is critical for any country to understand what other countries are producing in S&T, and what intrinsic S&T capabilities are being developed. India and China are the two most populous countries in the world. These two dynamic economies are advancing rapidly in S&T, and it is prudent to assess the quantity and quality of their research output as well as to examine trends in their S&T capabilities. This paper, the first of four in a Special Section on China's and India's S&T, introduces the remaining three papers. Specifically, this paper describes the motivation for the studies, the background for understanding national S&T assessments, an overview of text mining, a brief picture of the Indian and Chinese S&T establishments, and a summary of the analytical techniques used in the assessments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Bhattacharya, Sujit] Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India. [Pecht, Michael] Univ Maryland, CALCE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662 NR 72 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1519 EP 1538 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.004 PG 20 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 247KQ UT WOS:000252078200001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB Rushenberg, RL Bowles, CA Icenhour, AS Nikodym, KF Barth, RB Pecht, M AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. Rushenberg, Robert L. Bowles, Christine A. Icenhour, Alan S. Nikodym, Kimberley F. Barth, Ryan B. Pecht, Michael TI Chinese science and technology - Structure and infrastructure SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE China; science and technology; bibliometrics; citation analysis; impact factor; computational linguistics; core competencies; research evaluation; CLUTO; nanotechnology; clustering; taxonomies ID CITATION AB This paper identifies and analyzes the science and technology core competencies of China, based on a sampling of approximately half of the total Chinese publication output in the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) [SCI. Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the Thomson Scientific((R)), Inc. (Thomson((R))), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: (c) Copyright Thomson Scientific((R)) 2006. All rights reserved. [1]] for 2005. Aggregate China publication and citation bibliometrics were obtained and a hierarchical research taxonomy, based on document clustering, was generated. Additionally, bibliometrics and thematic trends were tracked over the past two decades. The key findings were that China's output of research articles has significantly expanded in the last decade. In terms of sheer numbers of research articles, especially in cuting-edge technologies, such as nanotechnology and energetic materials, it is among the leaders. Compared to the USA, the bulk of China's articles focus on the physical and engineering sciences, while the USA articles (compared to China) focus on medical, social, and psychological sciences. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.; Icenhour, Alan S.; Nikodym, Kimberley F.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. [Rushenberg, Robert L.; Bowles, Christine A.; Barth, Ryan B.] LLC, DDL OMNI Engn, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Pecht, Michael] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662; Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1539 EP 1573 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.008 PG 35 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 247KQ UT WOS:000252078200002 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Johnson, D Bowles, CA Bhattacharya, S Icenhour, AS Nikodym, K Barth, RB Dodbele, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Johnson, Dustin Bowles, Christine A. Bhattacharya, Sujit Icenhour, Alan S. Nikodym, Kimberly Barth, Ryan B. Dodbele, Simha TI Assessment of India's research literature SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE India; science and technology; technology assessment; core competencies; research evaluation; metrics; bibliometrics; text mining; computational linguistics; document clustering; CLUTO; auto-coffelation mapping; cross-correlation mapping; factor analysis; factor matrix; impact factor AB The structure and infrastructure of the Indian research literature were determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) [SCI. Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the THOMSON SCIENTIFIC (R), Inc. (Thomson((R))), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: (c) Copyright THOMSON SCIENTIFIC (R) 2006. All rightsreserved. [1]] for 2005, with each article containing at least one author with an India address. Document clustering was used to identify the main technical themes (core competencies) of Indian research. Aggregate India bibliometrics were also performed, emphasizing the value of collaborative research to India. A unique mapping approach was used to identify networks of organizations that published together, networks of organizations with common technical interests, and especially those organizations with common technical interests that did not co-publish extensively. Finally, trend analyses were performed using other year data from the SCI/SSCI to place the 2005 results in their proper historical context. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.; Johnson, Dustin; Icenhour, Alan S.; Nikodym, Kimberly; Dodbele, Simha] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Bowles, Christine A.; Barth, Ryan B.] LLC, DDL OMNI Engn, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Bhattacharya, Sujit] Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil OI Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1574 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.009 PG 35 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 247KQ UT WOS:000252078200003 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Briggs, MB Rushenberg, RL Bowles, CA Pecht, M Johnson, D Bhattacharya, S Icenhour, AS Nikodym, K Barth, RB Dodbele, S AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Briggs, Michael B. Rushenberg, Robert L. Bowles, Christine A. Pecht, Michael Johnson, Dustin Bhattacharya, Sujit Icenhour, Alan S. Nikodym, Kimberly Barth, Ryan B. Dodbele, Simha TI Comparisons of the structure and infrastructure of Chinese and Indian Science and Technology SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE India; China; science and technology; technology assessment; research evaluation; text mining; bibliometrics; computational linguistics; clustering; metrics AB A comparison was made of the research output literatures of India and China. Both bibliometric and computational linguistics approaches were used in the comparison. China has rapidly outpaced India in both volume and citation performance of publications. China's rapid publication growth rate over the past two decades is continuing, while India's is re-starting after a relatively dormant period of almost two decades. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.; Johnson, Dustin; Icenhour, Alan S.; Nikodym, Kimberly; Dodbele, Simha] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Briggs, Michael B.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. [Rushenberg, Robert L.; Bowles, Christine A.; Barth, Ryan B.] LLC, DDL OMNI Engn, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Pecht, Michael] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bhattacharya, Sujit] Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662; Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 0 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1609 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.007 PG 22 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 247KQ UT WOS:000252078200004 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Global nanotechnology research literature overview SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; nanotube; nanotechnology; text mining; bibliometrics; document clustering ID DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY; ROADMAPS AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature (SCI/SSCI databases). Identified were: (1) the nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents); (2) the technical structure (pervasive technical thrusts and their inter-relationships); (3) nanotechnology instruments and their relationships; (4) potential nanotechnology applications, (5) potential health impacts and applications; and (6) seminal nanotechnology literature. Our results are summarized in this paper. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.; Koytcheff, Raymond G.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Lau, Clifford G. Y.] Inst Chem Analyses, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 17 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1733 EP 1747 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.04.004 PG 15 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 247KQ UT WOS:000252078200012 ER PT J AU Patrut, A Von Reden, KF Pohlman, JW Wittmann, R Mitchell, CS Lowy, DA Alberts, AH Gerlach, D Xu, L AF Patrut, Adrian Von Reden, Karl F. Pohlman, John W. Wittmann, Rudolf Mitchell, Clark S. Lowy, Daniel A. Alberts, Andries H. Gerlach, Dana Xu, Li TI Radiocarbon dating of a very large African baobab SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adansonia digitata; age determination; dendrochronology; dendroclimatology; tropical trees ID LOCATION-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; CAL KYR BP; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TASMANIAN CONIFERS; HOLOCENE LOGS; C-14 CONTENT; TREES; CALIBRATION; AGE; AMAZONIA AB In late 2004, Grootboom, probably the largest known African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), collapsed unexpectedly in northeastern Namibia. Ten wood samples collected from different areas of the trunk were processed and investigated by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon dates of three samples were greater than 1000 years BP (radiocarbon years before present, i.e., before AD 1950). The corresponding calibrated calendar age of the oldest sample was 1275 +/- 50 years, making Grootboom the oldest known angiosperm tree with reliable dating results. Variations in radiocarbon dates among the wood samples indicated that, morphologically, Grootboom was a quintuple tree, whereas genetically, it was a single individual. Ages of extreme lateral samples revealed that, over the past 500-600 years, Grootbooom had almost ceased growing, providing information about climate changes in central southern Africa. The sudden demise of Grootboom coincided with the spread of the poorly studied baobab disease, which has become epidemic in Namibia. C1 Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Chem, Cluj Napoca 400028, Romania. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, NOSAMS Facil, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Minist Environm & Tourism, Directorate Parks & Wildlife Management, Nyae Nyae Conservancy, Tsumkwe, Namibia. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tree Res Off, D-85051 Ingolstadt, Germany. RP Patrut, A (reprint author), Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Chem, Cluj Napoca 400028, Romania. EM apatrut@cheni.ubbcluj.ro RI Patrut, Adrian/C-3566-2012; OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757; von Reden, Karl/0000-0001-6413-9018 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1569 EP 1574 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230AF UT WOS:000250847000007 PM 17669746 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM AF Photiadis, Douglas M. TI Theory of vibration propagation in disordered media SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article DE Anderson localization; acoustic waves; irregularity ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; WEAK-LOCALIZATION; 2 DIMENSIONS; COHERENT BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING MEDIA; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; SCALING THEORY; SYSTEMS; ELECTRONS AB Irregularity can have a significant impact on the vibrational behavior of elastic systems and can effect a broad range of physical properties, ranging from the acoustic scattering cross section of marine structures to the thermal conductivity of semi-conductors. in many instances, the spatial behavior of the modes of the system is fundamentally altered by the irregularity and decays exponentially with distance. This behavior is known as Anderson localization and dynamically generates a new length scale, the localization length xi. The modeling of such systems can be quite challenging, with numerical simulations often being misleading owing to finite size effects, and analytical methods being highly specialized and inaccessible to the non-expert in many body theory. We present here an approach which has been highly successful in recent years, the self-consistent diagrammatic theory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM photiadis@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2007.04.003 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 238VG UT WOS:000251475400004 ER PT J AU Lepore, K Moran, SB Grebmeier, JM Cooper, LW Lalande, C Maslowski, W Hill, V Bates, NR Hansell, DA Mathis, JT Kelly, RP AF Lepore, K. Moran, S. B. Grebmeier, J. M. Cooper, L. W. Lalande, C. Maslowski, W. Hill, V. Bates, N. R. Hansell, D. A. Mathis, J. T. Kelly, R. P. TI Seasonal and interannual changes in particulate organic carbon export and deposition in the Chukchi Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; UPPER WATER COLUMN; CANADA BASIN; BERING-SEA; TH-234/U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; THORIUM ISOTOPES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BEAUFORT SEA AB Particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were estimated in the shelf-slope region of the Chukchi Sea using measurements of (Th-238U)-Th-234 disequilibria and the POC/Th-234 ratio in large (> 53-mu m) particles. These export fluxes were used in conjunction with rates of primary productivity and benthic carbon respiration to construct a POC budget for this shelf-slope region. Samples were collected along a series of shelf-basin transects in the spring ( May - June) and summer ( July - August) of 2004. These stations were previously occupied during the ice covered ( spring) and open water ( summer) seasons of 2002, allowing for an interannual comparison of export flux. In contrast to 2002, when open water POC fluxes were significantly higher than in the ice-covered period, POC export fluxes in 2004 were similar during the spring ( average = 19.7 +/- 24.8 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) and summer ( average = 20.0 +/- 14.5 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)). The high POC fluxes measured during the spring are attributed to a plankton bloom, as evidenced by exceptionally high rates of primary productivity (average = 124.4 +/- 88.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)). The shelf-slope budget of particulate organic carbon indicates that 10 - 20% of primary productivity was exported below 50 m but was not consumed during benthic carbon respiration or burial and oxidation in underlying sediments. Furthermore, a water column - sediment budget of Th-234 indicates that particulate material is retained in shelf sediments on a seasonal basis. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Bermuda Biol Stn Res, St Georges, Bermuda. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lepore, K (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Kelly, Roger/E-9396-2010; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445 NR 72 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C10 AR C10024 DI 10.1029/2006JC003555 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 228DL UT WOS:000250707300001 ER PT J AU Bishop, J Stevens, MH Feldman, PD AF Bishop, James Stevens, Michael H. Feldman, Paul D. TI Molecular nitrogen Carroll-Yoshino v '=0 emission in the thermospheric dayglow as seen by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR EUV; N-2; SPECTRUM; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; AIRGLOW AB Molecular nitrogen (N-2) Carroll- Yoshino excitation is of considerable interest in the analysis of EUV- FUV observations obtained from several solar system objects (Earth, Titan, and Triton). The fundamental c4 '(0, 0) band at 958 angstrom is a strong transition excited by photoelectron impact and hence is bright under optically thin conditions. On Earth c4 '(0, 0) is optically thick near the altitude of peak photoelectron excitation and the emergent (0, 0) emission is weak. Past analyses of EUV airglow spectra focused on the roles of (0, v '' <= 2) photon redistribution and predissociation enhancement resulting from multiple scattering in accounting for reduced emission. The role of (0, v '' > 2) fluorescence was deemed minor. Now, high- resolution dayglow measurements by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) made in September 1999 reveal c4 '(0, v '' = 6 - 9) fluorescence bands much brighter than expected. The results of an analysis of FUSE dayside disk measurements are presented, and the observed (0, v '') emission is discussed in the context of results from a multiple scattering model. The c4 '(0, 9) band in particular stands out as a potentially useful remote sensing observable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM michael.stevens@nrl.navy.mil; pdf@pha.jhu.edu OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A10 AR A10312 DI 10.1029/2007JA012389 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225NH UT WOS:000250524100002 ER PT J AU Minschwaner, K Herceg, D Budzien, SA Dymond, KF Fortna, C Mccoy, RP AF Minschwaner, K. Herceg, D. Budzien, S. A. Dymond, K. F. Fortna, C. McCoy, R. P. TI Observations of middle ultraviolet emissions in the middle and lower thermosphere: NO, O-2, O, and Mg+ SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE EXPLORER; HERZBERG-I BANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; GAMMA-BAND; NIGHTGLOW; SYSTEM; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM AB We present an analysis of day and night limb spectra obtained from the Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry ( ISAAC) satellite instrument in the middle ultraviolet spectral region between 260 and 300 nm. Tangent heights above the Earth's surface range from 81 to 200 km. These spectra contain signatures of daytime fluorescent scattering by nitric oxide in the g bands, emission by atomic oxygen at 297.2 nm, and fluorescent scattering by ionized magnesium. The night spectra are dominated by the Herzberg bands of molecular oxygen. Our analysis includes retrievals for vertical profile densities of NO and slant column densities of O and Mg+ in the lower thermosphere. We show how these quantities are related to variable inputs of solar soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation. The Herzberg band emission is used to constrain the ratio of Herzberg I to Herzberg II band emission and to determine the nighttime vibrational distribution of the excited A(3)Sigma(+)(u) state of molecular oxygen. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Minschwaner, K (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM krm@kestrel.nmt.edu OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A10 AR A10311 DI 10.1029/2007JA012380 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225NG UT WOS:000250524000003 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Eriggs, ME Rushenberg, RL Eowles, CA Bhattacharya, S Johnson, D Icenhour, AS Nikodym, K Barth, RB Dodbele, S Pecht, M AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Eriggs, Michael E. Rushenberg, Robert L. Eowles, Christine A. Bhattacharya, Sujit Johnson, Dustin Icenhour, Alan S. Nikodym, Kimberly Barth, Ryan B. Dodbele, Simha Pecht, Michael TI Assessment of science and technology literature of China and India as reflected in the SCI/SSCI SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bibliometrics; research and technology assessment; science and technology; text mining C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Sci Technol & Dev Studies, New Delhi 110012, India. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. TASC, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. DDL OMNI Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662; Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSOC PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1088 EP 1092 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229QU UT WOS:000250820000019 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Vogt, PR Willard, DA Thunell, R Halka, J Berke, M Pohlman, J AF Cronin, T. M. Vogt, P. R. Willard, D. A. Thunell, R. Halka, J. Berke, M. Pohlman, J. TI Rapid sea level rise and ice sheet response to 8,200-year climate event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD EVENT; GREENLAND; PENINSULA; VARIABILITY; DISCHARGE; CORALS; RECORD; COAST AB The largest abrupt climatic reversal of the Holocene interglacial, the cooling event 8.6 - 8.2 thousand years ago (ka), was probably caused by catastrophic release of glacial Lake Agassiz-Ojibway, which slowed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and cooled global climate. Geophysical surveys and sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay reveal the pattern of sea level rise during this event. Sea level rose similar to 14 m between 9.5 to 7.5 ka, a pattern consistent with coral records and the ICE- 5G glacio-isostatic adjustment model. There were two distinct periods at similar to 8.9 - 8.8 and similar to 8.2 - 7.6 ka when Chesapeake marshes were drown as sea level rose rapidly at least similar to 12 mm yr(-1). The latter event occurred after the 8.6 - 8.2 ka cooling event, coincided with extreme warming and vigorous AMOC centered on 7.9 ka, and may have been due to Antarctic Ice Sheet decay. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Maryland Geol Surg, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr USGS,1220 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 20 AR L20603 DI 10.1029/2007GL031318 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 225MA UT WOS:000250520800004 ER PT J AU Weiss, WR Kumar, A Jiang, G Williams, J Bostick, A Conteh, S Fryauff, D Aguiar, J Singh, M O'Hagan, DT Ulmer, JB Richie, TL AF Weiss, Walter R. Kumar, Anita Jiang, George Williams, Jackie Bostick, Anthony Conteh, Solomon Fryauff, David Aguiar, Joao Singh, Manmohan O'Hagan, Derek T. Ulmer, Jeffery B. Richie, Thomas L. TI Protection of Rhesus Monkeys by a DNA Prime/Poxvirus Boost Malaria Vaccine Depends on Optimal DNA Priming and Inclusion of Blood Stage Antigens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. We have previously described a four antigen malaria vaccine consisting of DNA plasmids boosted by recombinant poxviruses which protects a high percentage of rhesus monkeys against Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) malaria. This is a multi-stage vaccine that includes two pre-erythrocytic antigens, PkCSP and PkSSP2(TRAP), and two erythrocytic antigens, PkAMA-1 and PkMSP-1(42kD). The present study reports three further experiments where we investigate the effects of DNA dose, timing, and formulation. We also compare vaccines utilizing only the pre-erythrocytic antigens with the four antigen vaccine. Methodology. In three experiments, rhesus monkeys were immunized with malaria vaccines using DNA plasmid injections followed by boosting with poxvirus vaccine. A variety of parameters were tested, including formulation of DNA on poly-lactic co-glycolide (PLG) particles, varying the number of DNA injections and the amount of DNA, varying the interval between the last DNA injection to the poxvirus boost from 7 to 21 weeks, and using vaccines with from one to four malaria antigens. Monkeys were challenged with Pk sporozoites given iv 2 to 4 weeks after the poxvirus injection, and parasitemia was measured by daily Giemsa stained blood films. Immune responses in venous blood samples taken after each vaccine injection were measured by ELIspot production of interferon-gamma, and by ELISA. Conclusions. 1) the number of DNA injections, the formulation of the DNA plasmids, and the interval between the last DNA injection and the poxvirus injection are critical to vaccine efficacy. However, the total dose used for DNA priming is not as important; 2) the blood stage antigens PkAMA-1 and PkMSP-1 were able to protect against high parasitemias as part of a genetic vaccine where antigen folding is not well defined; 3) immunization with PkSSP2 DNA inhibited immune responses to PkCSP DNA even when vaccinations were given into separate legs; and 4) in a counter-intuitive result, higher interferon-gamma ELIspot responses to the PkCSP antigen correlated with earlier appearance of parasites in the blood, despite the fact that PkCSP vaccines had a protective effect. C1 [Weiss, Walter R.; Kumar, Anita; Jiang, George; Conteh, Solomon; Fryauff, David; Aguiar, Joao; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Williams, Jackie; Bostick, Anthony] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Singh, Manmohan; O'Hagan, Derek T.; Ulmer, Jeffery B.] Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Weiss, WR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM weissw@nmrc.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU DOD funds allocated to the Naval Medical Research Center [6000.RAD1.F.A0309] FX This work was supported by DOD funds allocated to the Naval Medical Research Center (work unit number 6000.RAD1.F.A0309). NR 66 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 24 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 10 AR e1063 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001063 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10IU UT WOS:000207458500010 PM 17957247 ER PT J AU Wallace, S Huang, L Massa, L Mukhopadhyay, U Bernal, I Karle, J AF Wallace, Sonjae Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Mukhopadhyay, Uday Bernal, Ivan Karle, Jerome TI The structures of cyclic dihydronium cations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; ion charge; ion geometry; ion stability; quantum mechanics ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Recent experimental discoveries have revealed the existence of hitherto unexpected cyclic hydronium di-cations trapped within crystal structures. The molecular formulas are (H14O6)(2+), present as two isomers, four- and six-member cyclic structures, and (H 1808)21, an eight-member cyclic structure. As these unprecedented hydronium species are stabilized by the crystal structures in which they are captured, the question arises whether they could be stable as independent species as, for example, in solution or gas phase. Quantum mechanical density functional theory calculations are used to investigate this question. We find these doubly charged cyclic hydronium structures to be energetically stable and, as between the four- and six-member structures, the former has more binding energy than the latter. We also determine the theoretically optimized structures for all three ions and give their calculated atomic charges for both their crystal and optimized geometries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerome.karle@nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 03037, G12 RR003037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM 606654] NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 43 BP 16798 EP 16803 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708249104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224ZT UT WOS:000250487600016 PM 17942671 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Terray, AV Arnold, J AF Hart, Sean J. Terray, Alex V. Arnold, Jonathan TI Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; MOLECULES; LATTICE; TRAP AB An optofluidic design has been used to completely separate and collect fractions of an injected mixture of colloidal particles. A three-dimensional glass microfluidic device was constructed such that the fluid was directed though a 50-mu m-diameter channel. A laser was introduced opposite the flow and its spot size adjusted to completely fill the channel. Thus, for a given laser power and flow rate, certain particles are completely retained while others pass through unhindered. Separation efficiencies in excess of 99% have been attained for a mixture of polymer and silica beads. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 17 AR 171121 DI 10.1063/1.2799180 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 224TB UT WOS:000250468200021 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Deaver, D Moyer, SK Palmer, J AF Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Deaver, Dawne Moyer, Steven K. Palmer, John TI Midwave infrared and visible sensor performance modeling: small craft identification discrimination criteria for maritime security SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TARGET ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE; CYCLE CRITERIA AB The new emphasis on Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection (AT/FP), for both shore and sea platform protection, has resulted in a need for infrared imager design and evaluation tools that demonstrate field performance against U.S. Navy AT/FP requirements. In the design of infrared imaging systems for target acquisition, a discrimination criterion is required for successful sensor realization. It characterizes the difficulty of the task being performed by the observer and varies for different target sets. This criterion is used in both assessment of existing infrared sensor and in the design of new conceptual sensors. We collected 12 small craft signatures (military and civilian) in the visible band during the day and the long-wave and midwave infrared spectra in both the day and the night environments. These signatures were processed to determine the targets' characteristic dimension and contrast. They were also processed to band limit the signature's spatial information content (simulating longer range), and a perception experiment was performed to determine the task difficulty (N-50 and V-50). The results are presented and can be used for Navy and Coast Guard imaging infrared sensor design and evaluation. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Off Naval Res, One Liberty Ctr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USA, Army Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, One Liberty Ctr, 875 N Randolf St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM krapelk@onr.navy.mil NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 7345 EP 7353 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007345 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232VC UT WOS:000251047200001 PM 17952168 ER PT J AU Mullen, L Laux, A Cochenour, B Zege, EP Katsev, LL Prikhach, AS AF Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan Cochenour, Brandon Zege, Eleonora P. Katsev, Losif L. Prikhach, Alexander S. TI Demodulation techniques for the amplitude modulated laser imager SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A new technique has been found that uses in-phase and quadrature phase (I/Q) demodulation to optimize the images produced with an amplitude-modulated laser imaging system. An I/Q demodulator was used to collect the I/Q components of the received modulation envelope. It was discovered that by adjusting the local oscillator phase and the modulation frequency, the backscatter and target signals can be analyzed separately via the I/Q components. This new approach enhances image contrast beyond what was achieved with a previous design that processed only the composite magnitude information. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Electro Opt & Speciatl Miss Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Belarus Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), NAVAIR, Naval Air Syst Command, Electro Opt & Speciatl Miss Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM linda.mullen@navy.mil NR 9 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 7374 EP 7383 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007374 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232VC UT WOS:000251047200004 PM 17952171 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Bashkansky, Mark TI Focusing properties of high charge number vortex laser beams SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATION; GAUSSIAN-BEAM; ATOMS; MANIPULATION; WAVES; MODES AB We investigate experimentally and numerically the propagation characteristics of laser beams formed by imparting an azimuthal phase l phi to a Gaussian beam, where l is an integer. We find that when high-l beams of a finite extent are focused through a lens, the beams achieve peak intensity and are most sharply defined before and after the focal plane. Additionally, in these regions of highest intensity the effect of aberrations on the beam quality is greatly reduced, which we also demonstrate experimentally and numerically. We present a simple geometrical picture that provides excellent estimates of the beam radius and propagation distance to the plane of peak intensity. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 7573 EP 7578 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007573 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 232VC UT WOS:000251047200030 PM 17952197 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Farrell, WM AF Lazio, T. Joseph W. Farrell, W. M. TI Magnetospheric emissions from the planet orbiting tau Bootis: A multiepoch search SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; radio continuum : stars ID RADIO EMISSIONS; SKY SURVEY; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; STARS; FIELDS AB All of the solar system gas giants produce electron cyclotron masers driven by the solar wind impinging on their magnetospheres. Extrapolating to the planet orbiting tau Boo, various authors have predicted that it may be within the detection limits of the 4 m wavelength (74 MHz) system on the Very Large Array. This paper reports three epochs of observations of tau Boo. In no epoch do we detect the planet; various means of determining the upper limit to the emission yield single-epoch limits ranging from 135 to 300 mJy. We develop a likelihood method for multiepoch observations and use it to constrain various radiation properties of the planet. If we assume that the planet does radiate at our observation wavelength, its typical luminosity must be less than about 1016 W, unless its radiation is highly beamed into a solid angle of Omega << 1 sr. While this value is within the range of luminosities predicted by various authors for this planet, it is lower than recent estimates that attempt to take into account the stellar wind of tau Boo using the known properties of the star itself. Electron cyclotron maser emission from solar system planets is beamed, but with characteristic solid angles of approximately 1 sr illuminated. Future long-wavelength instruments (e. g., the Long Wavelength Array and the Low Frequency Array) must be able to make typical flux density measurements of approximately 25 mJy on short timescales (approximate to 15 minutes) in order to improve these constraints significantly. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; william.m.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 1182 EP 1188 DI 10.1086/519730 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800048 ER PT J AU Reeves, KK Warren, HP Forbes, TG AF Reeves, Katharine K. Warren, Harry P. Forbes, Terry G. TI Theoretical predictions of X-ray and extreme-UV flare emissions using a loss-of-equilibrium model of solar eruptions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; TRANSITION REGION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; CORONAL EXPLORER; RECONNECTION; YOHKOH; SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB In this paper, we present numerical simulations of solar flares that couple a loss-of-equilibrium solar eruption model with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model. In these calculations, the eruption is initiated by footpoint motions that disrupt the balance of forces acting on a flux rope. After the eruption begins, a current sheet forms and an arcade of flare loops is created by reconnecting magnetic fields. Thermal energy input into the flare loops is found by assuming the complete thermalization of the Poynting flux swept into the current sheet. This thermal energy is input into a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code for each loop formed in the multithreaded flare arcade. We find that a density enhancement occurs at the loop top when the two evaporating plasma fronts in each leg of the loop collide there. Simulated flare images show that these loop-top density enhancements produce "bars'' of bright emission similar to those observed in the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) 195 8 bandpass and loop-top "knots'' of bright emission seen in flare observations by the Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. We also simulate flare spectra from the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. We find that during the early stages of flare initiation, there are significant blueshifts in the Ca XIX line, but the intensities are too faint to be observed with BCS. In general, the results of this model simulate observed flare emissions quite well, indicating that the reconnection model of solar flares is energetically consistent with observations. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Gardern St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP 1210 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/521291 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KF UT WOS:000250082800051 ER PT J AU Lane, C Hallinan, G Zavala, RT Butler, RF Boyle, RP Bourke, S Antonova, A Doyle, JG Vrba, FJ Golden, A AF Lane, C. Hallinan, G. Zavala, R. T. Butler, R. F. Boyle, R. P. Bourke, S. Antonova, A. Doyle, J. G. Vrba, F. J. Golden, A. TI Rotational modulation of M/L dwarfs due to magnetic spots SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; ULTRACOOL DWARF; SUBSTELLAR BOUNDARY; RADIO-EMISSION; BROWN DWARFS; COOL DWARFS; SPACED DATA; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERES; EVOLUTION AB We find periodic I- band variability in two ultracool dwarfs, TVLM 513- 46546 and 2MASS J00361617 + 1821104, on either side of the M/L dwarf boundary. Both of these targets are short- period radio transients, with the detected I- band periods matching those found at radio wavelengths (P=1.96 hr for TVLM 513-46546 and P=3 hr for 2MASS J00361617 + 1821104). We attribute the detected I- band periodicities to the periods of rotation of the dwarfs, supported by radius estimates and measured values for the objects. Based on the detected period of rotation v sin i of TVLM 513- 46546 ( M9) in the I band, along with confirmation of strong magnetic fields from recent radio observations, we argue for magnetically induced spots as the cause of this periodic variability. The I- band rotational modulation of the L3.5 dwarf 2MASS J00361617 + 1821104 appeared to vary in amplitude with time. We conclude that the most likely cause of the I- band variability for this object is magnetic spots, possibly coupled with time-evolving features such as dust clouds. C1 Natl Univ Ireland, Ctr Astron, Galway, Ireland. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ USA. Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. RP Lane, C (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Ctr Astron, Galway, Ireland. EM c.lane2@nuigalway.ie; gregg@it.nuigalway.ie; bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; ray.butler@nuigalway.ie; boyle@ricci.as.arizona.edu; stephen@it.nuigalway.ie; tan@arm.ac.uk; jgd@arm.ac.uk; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; agolden@it.nuigalway.ie RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011; Butler, Ray/A-6705-2012 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870; Butler, Ray/0000-0002-8441-7596 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP L163 EP L166 DI 10.1086/523041 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KH UT WOS:000250083000018 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Zacharias, N Hennessy, GS Harris, HC Monet, AKB AF Makarov, V. V. Zacharias, N. Hennessy, G. S. Harris, H. C. Monet, A. K. B. TI The nearby young visual binary HIP 115147 and its common proper motion companion LSPM J2322+7847 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : visual; stars : individual (HIP 115147, LSPM J2322+7847) stars : pre-main-sequence ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SOURCES; BRIGHT SOURCE CATALOG; LATE-TYPE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; PHOTOMETRY; PARSECS; DWARFS; AGES; SUN AB We report a late M- type, common proper motion companion to a nearby young visual binary HIP 115147 ( V368 Cep), separated by 963 '' from the primary K0 dwarf. This optically dim star was identified as a candidate high proper motion, nearby dwarf LSPM J2322 + 7847 by Lepine in 2005. The wide companion is one of the latest post - T Tauri low- mass stars found within 20 pc. We obtain a trigonometric parallax of 51.6 +/- 0.8 mas, in good agreement with the Hipparcos parallax of the primary star (50.7 +/- 0.6 mas). Our BVRI photometric data and near- infrared data from 2MASS are consistent with LSPM J2322 + 7847 being brighter by 1 mag in K-S than field M dwarfs at V-K-S=6.66, which indicates its pre-main-sequence status. We conclude that the most likely age of the primary HIP 115147 and its 11 '' companion HIP 115147B is 20 - 50 Myr. The primary appears to be older than its close analog PZ Tel (age 12 - 20 Myr) and members of the TWA association (7 Myr). C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave,MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vvm@caltech.edu OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP L155 EP L158 DI 10.1086/522887 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KH UT WOS:000250083000016 ER PT J AU Reynolds, SP Borkowski, KJ Hwang, U Hughes, JP Badenes, C Laming, JM Blondin, JM AF Reynolds, Stephen P. Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Hwang, Una Hughes, John P. Badenes, Carles Laming, J. M. Blondin, J. M. TI A deep Chandra observation of Kepler's supernova remnant: A type IA event with circumstellar interaction SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G4.5+6.8 (SN 1604)); supernova remnants; supernovae : general; X-rays : ISM ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; STAR; PROGENITORS; CONSTRAINTS; ENVELOPE; MODELS; MASS AB We present initial results of a 750 ks Chandra observation of the remnant of Kepler's supernova of AD 1604. The strength and prominence of iron emission, together with the absence of O-rich ejecta, demonstrate that Kepler resulted from a thermonuclear supernova, even though evidence for circumstellar interaction is also strong. We have analyzed spectra of over 100 small regions, and find that they fall into three classes. ( 1) The vast majority show Fe L emission between 0.7 and 1 keV and Si and S K alpha emission; we associate these with shocked ejecta. A few of these are found at or beyond the mean blast wave radius. (2) A very few regions show solar O/Fe abundance ratios; these we associate with shocked circumstellar medium ( CSM). Otherwise O is scarce. ( 3) A few regions are dominated by continuum, probably synchrotron radiation. Finally, we find no central point source, with a limit similar to 100 times fainter than the central object in Cas A. The evidence that the blast wave is interacting with CSM may indicate a Ia explosion in a more massive progenitor. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reynolds, SP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM stephen_reynolds@ncsu.edu NR 40 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP L135 EP L138 DI 10.1086/522830 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KH UT WOS:000250083000011 ER PT J AU Wolff, MT Wood, KS Ray, PS AF Wolff, Michael T. Wood, Kent S. Ray, Paul S. TI Possible magnetic activity in the low-mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : individual (EXO 0748-676); stars : magnetic fields; X-rays : binaries ID TIMING-EXPLORER; ECLIPSE TIMINGS; EXO 0748-676; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; MODELS; STARS; LOOPS; DISK AB We report evidence of magnetic activity associated with the secondary star in the EXO 0748 - 676 low- mass X- ray binary system. An analysis of a sequence of five consecutive X- ray eclipses observed during 2003 December with the RXTE satellite brings out a feature occurring during ingress we interpret as the X- ray photoelectric absorption shadow, as seen by an observer at Earth, of a plasma structure suspended above the surface of the secondary star. The light curve feature consists of an initial drop in count rate to near zero ( the absorption shadow) with a very short rebound to a significant fraction of the pre- ingress count rate and then a final plunge to totality over a total timescale of similar to 25 s. The ingress feature persists for at least five consecutive orbital periods ( a total of similar to 19 hr), and possibly up to 5 days in our data. Our data also show significant post- egress dipping during this eclipse sequence, unusual for this source, indicating possible secondary star mass ejection during this episode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolff, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.wolff@nrl.navy.mil; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/522833 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 219KH UT WOS:000250083000015 ER PT J AU Lindsay, GA Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Sanhadasa, M Ashley, PR AF Lindsay, Geoffrey A. Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Sanhadasa, Mohan Ashley, Paul R. TI Multi-month thermal aging of electro-optic polymer waveguides: Synthesis, fabrication, and relaxation modeling SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE aging; chromophore; nonlinear optic ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHROMOPHORE; GLASSES; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FILMS; MOLECULES; DECAY AB The preparation of polyimides containing side-chain chromophores and the long-term aging performance of poled films are described. These materials were compared to guest-host polycarbonate films. Mach-Zehnder optical interferometers were fabricated from these polymers that contained CLD- and FTC-type chromophores. Changes in optical properties were monitored for months at four temperatures ranging from ambient to 110 degrees C. The isothermal relaxation data were modeled using both a stretched exponential equation and a power law in time equation. The temperature dependency of the time constants of these equations was modeled using a new activation-energy equation: In(tau/tau(p)) = E(R)(1 + tanh[(T(c) - T)/D])/2RT + E(p)/RT where T(c) is the central temperature of the transition zone, D is the breadth of the zone, and Es are the activation energies of rigid and pliable materials. Multi-year high-temperature stability of the poled guest-host and side-chain materials was predicted. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, NAVAIR, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. AEgis Technol Grp Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USA, AMRDEC, RD&E Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Lindsay, GA (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM geoffrey.lindsay@navy.mil NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 19 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 22 BP 6605 EP 6616 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.057 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 230TU UT WOS:000250899600015 ER PT J AU Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Caldwell, JD Butler, JE Liu, KX Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Lew, KK VanMil, BL Myers-Ward, RL Ancona, MG Kub, FJ Feygelson, TI AF Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Caldwell, Joshua D. Butler, James E. Liu, Kendrick X. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Lew, K. K. VanMil, Brenda L. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Ancona, Mario G. Kub, Fritz J. Feygelson, Tatyana I. TI Nanocrystalline diamond films as UV-semitransparent Schottky contacts to 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB A heterojunction between thin films of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and 4H-SiC has been developed. Undoped and B-doped NCDs were deposited on both n- and p- SiC epilayers. I-V measurements on p(+) NCD/n-SiC indicated Schottky rectifying behavior with a turn-on voltage of around 0.2 V. The current increased over eight orders of magnitude with an ideality factor of 1.17 at 30 degrees C. Ideal energy-band diagrams suggested a possible conduction mechanism for electron transport from the SiC conduction band to either the valence band or acceptor level of the NCD film. Applications as an UV semitransparent electrical contact to 4H- SiC are discussed. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Parks Coll, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC Inc, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Parks Coll, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mtadjer@umd.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 16 AR 163508 DI 10.1063/1.2800886 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 222KR UT WOS:000250295700087 ER PT J AU Dufort, FJ Bleiman, BF Gumina, MR Blair, D Wagner, DJ Roberts, MF Abu-Amer, Y Chiles, TC AF Dufort, Fay J. Bleiman, Blair F. Gumina, Maria R. Blair, Derek Wagner, Dean J. Roberts, Mary F. Abu-Amer, Yousef Chiles, Thomas C. TI Cutting edge: IL-4-Mediated protection of primary B lymphocytes from apoptosis via stat6-dependent regulation of glycolytic metabolism SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLS; SURVIVAL; IL-4; GROWTH; RECEPTOR; INHIBITION; DISRUPTION; ACTIVATION AB IL-4 prevents the death of naive B lymphocytes through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-x(L). Despite studies implicating glucose utilization in growth factor-dependent survival of hemopoietic cells, the role of glucose energy metabolism in maintaining B cell viability by IL-4 is unknown. We show that IL-4 triggers glucose uptake, Glutl expression, and glycolysis in splenic B cells; this is accompanied by increased cellular ATP. Glycolysis inhibition results in apoptosis, even in the presence of IL-4. IL-4-induced glycolysis occurs normally in B cells deficient in insulin receptor substrate-2 or the p85 alpha subunit of PI3K and is not affected by pretreatment with PI3K or MAWK pathway inhibitors. Stat6-deficient B cells exhibit impaired IL-4-induced glycolysis. Cell-permeable, constitutively active Stat6 is effective in restoring IL-4-induced glycolysis in Stat6-deficient B cells. Therefore, besides controlling antiapoptotic proteins, IL-4 mediates B cell survival by regulating glucose energy metabolism via a Stat6-dependent pathway. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Orthoped Surg, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiles, TC (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, 414 Higgins Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM ChilesT@bc.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49994, AI60896] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 8 BP 4953 EP 4957 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 219QJ UT WOS:000250099400001 PM 17911579 ER PT J AU Collins, G AF Collins, Gabriel TI China's growing LNG demand will shape markets, strategies SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, China Maritime Studies Inst, Newport, RI USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, China Maritime Studies Inst, Newport, RI USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 39 BP 62 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 224VG UT WOS:000250474200020 ER PT J AU Wawrzynska, E Coldea, R Wheeler, EM Mazin, II Johannes, MD Sorgel, T Jansen, M Ibberson, RM Radaelli, PG AF Wawrzynska, E. Coldea, R. Wheeler, E. M. Mazin, I. I. Johannes, M. D. Soergel, T. Jansen, M. Ibberson, R. M. Radaelli, P. G. TI Orbital degeneracy removed by charge order in triangular antiferromagnet AgNiO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; AG2NIO2 AB We report a high-resolution neutron diffraction study on the orbitally degenerate spin-1/2 hexagonal metallic antiferromagnet AgNiO2. A structural transition to a tripled unit cell with expanded and contracted NiO6 octahedra indicates root 3 x root 3 charge order on the Ni triangular lattice. This suggests charge order as a possible mechanism of lifting the orbital degeneracy in the presence of charge fluctuations, as an alternative to the more usual Jahn-Teller distortions. A novel magnetic ground state is observed at low temperatures with the electron-rich S=1 Ni sites arranged in alternating ferromagnetic rows on a triangular lattice, surrounded by a honeycomb network of nonmagnetic and metallic Ni ions. We also report first-principles band-structure calculations that explain microscopically the origin of these phenomena. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Wawrzynska, E (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Ibberson, Richard/P-8397-2015 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Ibberson, Richard/0000-0003-0007-706X NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 15 AR 157204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.157204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 220EV UT WOS:000250140600067 PM 17995209 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Babcock, DD Harlander, JM AF Englert, Christoph R. Babcock, David D. Harlander, John M. TI Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH): concept and experimental demonstration SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATED MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; WIND; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB We describe the concept of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH) and present a laboratory Doppler-shift measurement using an infrared laser line. DASH is a modification of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy optimized for high precision, high accuracy Doppler-shift measurements of atmospheric emission lines either from the ground or a satellite. We discuss DASH design considerations, field widening, thermal stability and tracking, noise propagation, advantages, and trade-offs. DASH interferometers do not require moving optical parts and can be built in rugged, compact packages, making them suitable for space flight and mobile ground instrumentation. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div Code 7641, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Christoph.Englert@nrl.navy.mil OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 29 BP 7297 EP 7307 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007297 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 228ZE UT WOS:000250770300031 PM 17932544 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Crothers, SR Harrison, RA Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG AF Vourlidas, Angelos Davis, Chris J. Eyles, Chris J. Crothers, Steve R. Harrison, Richard A. Howard, Russell A. Moses, J. Daniel Socker, Dennis G. TI First direct observation of the interaction between a comet and a coronal mass ejection leading to a complete plasma tail disconnection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : individual (2P/Encke); Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID RECONNECTION; EVENTS AB This a discovery report of the first direct imaging of the interaction a comet with a coronal mass ejection ( CME) in the inner heliosphere with high temporal and spatial resolution. The observations were obtained by the Sun-Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation ( SECCHI) Heliospheric Imager-1 ( HI-1) aboard the STEREO mission. They reveal the extent of the plasma tail of comet 2P/Encke to unprecedented lengths and allow us to examine the mechanism behind a spectacular tail disconnection event. Our preliminary analysis suggests that the disconnection is driven by magnetic reconnection between the magnetic field entrained in the CME and the interplanetary field draped around the comet and not by pressure effects. Further analysis is required before we can conclude whether the reconnection occurs on the day side or on the tail side of the comet. However, the observations offer strong support to the idea that large-scale tail disconnections are magnetic in origin. The online movie reveals a wealth of interactions between solar wind structures and the plasma tail beyond the collision with the CME. Future analyses of this data set should provide critical insights on the structure of the inner heliosphere. C1 USN, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Tecnol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; c.j.davis@rl.ac.uk; cje@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; s.r.crothers@rl.ac.uk; r.a.harrison@rl.ac.uk; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil; dan.moses@nrl.navy.mil; dennis.socker@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 668 IS 1 BP L79 EP L82 DI 10.1086/522587 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 218JB UT WOS:000250010700020 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Elgar, S Herbers, THC Raubenheimer, B Guza, RT AF Thomson, Jim Elgar, Steve Herbers, T. H. C. Raubenheimer, Britt Guza, R. T. TI Refraction and reflection of infragravity waves near submarine canyons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; WATER-WAVES; EDGE WAVE; OCEAN; GENERATION; BEAT; PROPAGATION AB [1] The propagation of infragravity waves ( ocean surface waves with periods from 20 to 200 s) over complex inner shelf ( water depths from about 3 to 50 m) bathymetry is investigated with field observations from the southern California coast. A wave-ray-path-based model is used to describe radiation from adjacent beaches, refraction over slopes ( smooth changes in bathymetry), and partial reflection from submarine canyons ( sharp changes in bathymetry). In both the field observations and the model simulations the importance of the canyons depends on the directional spectrum of the infragravity wave field radiating from the shoreline and on the distance from the canyons. Averaged over the wide range of conditions observed, a refraction-only model has reduced skill near the abrupt bathymetry, whereas a combined refraction and reflection model accurately describes the distribution of infragravity wave energy on the inner shelf, including the localized effects of steep-walled submarine canyons. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jthomson@apl.washington.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; thherber@nps.edu; britt@whoi.edu; rtg@coast.ucsd.edu NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 10 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C10 AR C10009 DI 10.1029/2007JC004227 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 221IH UT WOS:000250220100003 ER PT J AU Schechter, RS Chun, ST AF Schechter, R. S. Chun, S. T. TI Large finite-difference time domain simulations of a left-handed metamaterial lens with wires and resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE INDEX; FLAT LENS AB We present high-resolution computational results using large three-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulations of flat lenses made of left-handed metamaterial at microwave frequencies. These parallel computer simulations include all the details of the split-ring resonators, wires, and circuit boards that make up the metamaterial. The region of focusing is shown to be similar to 0.5 lambda in radius and similar to-24 dB down in power from the source level. The best focusing with the least aberration and the highest power density occurs at the frequency of peak transmission or best impedance match, as opposed to the frequency where the index of refraction n=-1. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schechter, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.schechter@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 15 AR 154102 DI 10.1063/1.2798252 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 220EW UT WOS:000250140700072 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, Matthew Dominguez, Dawn D. Keller, Teddy M. TI Synthesis and properties of aromatic ether phosphine oxide containing oligomeric phthalonitrile resins with improved oxidative stability SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE aromatic ether; phthalonitrile curing ID TEMPERATURE POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES AB A series of multiple aromatic ether-linked phthalonitrile resins containing an aromatic ether phosphine oxide group in the backbone have been synthesized and characterized. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of either bisphenol A or resorcinol with bis(4-fluorophenyl)phenylphosphine oxide in the presence of K2CO3 in a N,N-dimethylformamide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by reacting with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. Rheometric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis of the cured resins showed that the oligomeric phthalonitrile resins maintained good structural integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and exhibited excellent thermal properties. When subjected to long-term oxidative exposures, the phosphorus-containing phthalonitriles showed superior performance and less oxidative damage compared to other aromatic-containing phthalonitrile resins. Scanning electron spectroscopy studies showed the formation of microcracks during the oxidative aging at elevated temperatures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mill NR 25 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 5 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 21 BP 6234 EP 6240 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.028 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 225BL UT WOS:000250492000007 ER PT J AU Wan, AS Makinen, AJ Lane, PA Kushto, GP AF Wan, Alan S. Makinen, Antti J. Lane, Paul A. Kushto, Gary P. TI Photoemission study of direct hole injection into Alq(3) by PEDOT : PSS polymer anode SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC INTERFACES; BARRIER FORMATION; LEVEL ALIGNMENT; CHARGE-TRANSFER; METAL; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT AB Combined ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) measurements have been performed on the interface between the electron transport material tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) and the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), indium tin oxide (ITO) and polycrystalline gold. The estimated hole injection barrier (ph) is smallest at the PEDOT:PSS/Alq(3) contact and largest at the Au/Alq(3) contact. In the absence of chemistry at each interface, as indicated by XPS, (Ph) are attributed to Fermi level pinning by interface states. The relative differences in (Ph) are helpful in elucidating recent device measurements that show direct hole injection into Alq3 from PEDOT:PSS [P.A. Lane, G.P. Kushto, Z.H. Kafafi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 (2007) 023511]. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wan, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alan.wan@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2007 VL 446 IS 4-6 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.082 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 223JL UT WOS:000250366100015 ER PT J AU Chenhall, RH Euske, KJ AF Chenhall, Robert H. Euske, K. J. TI The role of management control systems in planned organizational change: An analysis of two organizations SO ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACCOUNTING CHANGE; TIME; FIELD; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGY AB In the management control literature there is growing interest in the role of management control systems (MCS) in planned organizational change. The existing literature is concerned with either rational, technical change principles or more social and political interpretations of MCS facilitated change. This paper aims to extend this literature by combining technical approaches to MCS facilitated change with a behavioral approach in the study of two similar organizations. Moreover, the paper employs a holistic approach to change to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of MCS in planned organizational change. A framework by Huy [Huy, Q. N. (2001). Time, temporal capacity, and planned change. Academy of Management Review 26(4), 601-623] is used to provide an integrative approach that focuses on both rational, systematic practices and the behavioral processes involved in their implementation. This is achieved by identifying four idealized intervention types: commanding, engineering, teaching and socializing. Understanding the application of these four intervention types requires analysis of the way they interact through time. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Accounting & Finance, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chenhall, RH (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Accounting & Finance, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM robert.chenhall@buseco.monash.edu.au NR 69 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-3682 J9 ACCOUNT ORG SOC JI Account. Organ. Soc. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7-8 BP 601 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.aos.2006.09.007 PG 37 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 211UY UT WOS:000249550000001 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M KeranS, RJ AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Kerans, R. J. TI A model for the oxidation of ZrB2, HfB2 and TiB2 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE model; oxidation; ZrB2; HfB2; TiB2 ID HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; MIXED CONDUCTION; ZIRCONIUM; PROTECTION; DIBORIDES; HAFNIUM AB A mechanistic model that interprets the oxidation behavior of the diborides of Zr, Hf and Ti in the temperature range of similar to 1000-1800 degrees C was formulated. Available thermodynamic data and literature data for vapor pressures and diffusivities were used to evaluate the model. Good correspondence was obtained between theory and experiments for weight gain, recession and scale thickness as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. At temperatures below about 1400 degrees C, the rate-limiting step is the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through a film of liquid boria in capillaries at the base of the oxidation product. At higher temperatures, the boria is lost by evaporation, and the oxidation rate is limited by Knudsen diffusion of molecular oxygen through the capillaries between nearly columnar blocks of the oxide, MO2. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 27 TC 106 Z9 123 U1 10 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 17 BP 5999 EP 6010 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.07.027 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223FS UT WOS:000250355700032 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Doherty, DA Magann, MI Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Chauhan, Suneet P. Doherty, Dorota A. Magann, Marcia I. Morrison, John C. TI The evidence for abandoning the amniotic fluid index in favor of the single deepest pocket SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amniotic fluid index (AFI); single deepest pocket (SDP); pregnancy; outcome; oligohydramnios ID FETAL BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE; NORMAL HUMAN-PREGNANCY; ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; VOLUME ESTIMATION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; RISK PATIENTS; SUPERIORITY; PREDICTIONS; DEATH AB This study assessed whether the amniotic fluid index (AFI) or the single deepest pocket (SDP) is the best technique to estimate amniotic fluid volume. The AFI and SDP were compared to a dye-determined or directly measured amniotic fluid volume. A PUBMED search from 1990 to 2006 was conducted using the search terms "single deepest pocket" or "largest vertical pocket" or "maximum vertical pocket" or "2X1 pocket" AND "amniotic fluid index". One study compared the AM and SDP to a dye-determined amniotic fluid volume. There were 1219 publications that used the search term SDP-LVP-MVP versus 4378 using AFI. Twenty publications contained both the AFI and SDP, but only six compared the AFI and SDP. Both the AFI and the SDP poorly identified abnormal amniotic fluid volumes, and neither technique was superior to the other. The AFI identifies a significantly greater number of women as having oligohydramnios versus the SDP but without any difference in perinatal outcomes. Compared with SDP, AM excessively characterizes a greater number of pregnancies as having oligohydrammos leading to more interventions without improvement in perinatal. outcome. The AFI should be abandoned and the SDP used to estimate amniotic fluid volume. C1 Aurora Hlth Care, W Allis, WI 53227 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet, Portsmouth, VA USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), Aurora Hlth Care, 8905 W Lincoln Ave,PAC, W Allis, WI 53227 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 9 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1055/s-2007-986689 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 223VL UT WOS:000250400500008 PM 17909990 ER PT J AU Hathaway, K Dahlberg, ED AF Hathaway, Kristl Dahlberg, E. Dan TI Resource letter STMN-1: Spin transport in magnetic nanostructures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID EXCHANGE-BIASED CO/COO; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ENHANCED MAGNETORESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; ANISOTROPIC MAGNETORESISTANCE; POSITIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES AB This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature in the still rapidly developing area of spin-dependent transport phenomena, which forms the basis for applications in magnetoelectronics. Citations to original papers and review articles are provided for the major topics of giant magnetoresistance, spin-dependent tunneling, exchange coupling between magnetic layers, and micromagnetics of the nanostructures in which these occur. Related phenomena, such as exchange coupling in magnetic multilayers, exchange biasing, and the various experimental techniques developed to observe these effects are covered more briefly, with citations only to historically significant papers and selected review articles. (c) 2007 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 NSWC, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hathaway, K (reprint author), NSWC, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM kristlhathaway@earthlink.net; dand@umn.edu NR 166 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 75 IS 10 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.1119/1.2757627 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 215FZ UT WOS:000249795000004 ER PT J AU Segev, DL Gentry, SE Montgomery, RA AF Segev, D. L. Gentry, S. E. Montgomery, R. A. TI Organ procurement and transplantation network data as of november 2006 obtained from and available at the united network for organ sharing website SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE kidney transplantation; live donation; organ allocation ID KIDNEY; CANDIDATES; SURVIVAL; DONATION; DONORS AB A deceased donor (DD) allocation system incorporating net life survival benefit has been proposed. In this system, many kidneys will be shifted to younger recipients, thereby decreasing their waiting times. The goal of this study was to determine the potential effects of altering waiting times on the likelihood of live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). We analyzed 93727 waiting list candidates to determine the association of various patient factors with likelihood of LDKT. The proportion of patients receiving LDKT was compared by the median DD waiting time at that patient's transplant center for someone of that patient's age category and race. LDKT was consistently higher as waiting times became longer. After adjusting for all other factors associated with likelihood of LDKT, waiting time remained a significant, independent predictor. Patients with the longest DD waiting times had 2.3-fold higher odds of LDKT (95% CI 2.11-2.58, p < 0.001). In planning the new DD allocation policy, we must account for resulting alterations in LDKT. It is possible that shifting DD kidneys to younger recipients may decrease LDKT or shift it to older recipients, net effects not consistent with the goal of net life survival benefit. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Segev, DL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dorry@jhmi.edu NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 7 IS 10 BP 2406 EP 2413 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01922.x PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 206EP UT WOS:000249167000023 PM 17845574 ER PT J AU Emrich, CA Medintz, IL Chu, WK Mathies, RA AF Emrich, Charles A. Medintz, Igor L. Chu, Wai K. Mathies, Richard A. TI Microfabricated two-dimensional electrophoresis device for differential protein expression profiling SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC CHIP; SEPARATIONS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SYSTEM AB A microfluidic separation system is developed to perform two-dimensional differential gel electrophoretic (DIGE) separations of complex, cellular protein mixtures produced by induced protein expression in E. coli. The micro-DIGE analyzer is a two-layer borosilicate glass microdevice consisting of a single 3.75 cm long channel for isoelectric focusing, which is sampled in parallel by 20 channels effecting a second-dimension separation by native electrophoresis. The connection between the orthogonal separation systems is accomplished by smaller channels comprising a microfluidic interface (MFI) that prevents media leakage between the two dimensions and enables facile loading of discontinuous gel systems in each dimension. Proteins are covalently labeled with Cy2 and Cy3 DIGE and detected simultaneously with a rotary confocal fluorescence scanner. Reproducible two-dimensional separations of both purified proteins and complex protein mixtures are performed with minimal run-to-run variation by including 7 M urea. in the second-dimension separation matrix. The capabilities of the micro-DIGE analyzer are demonstrated by following the induced expression of maltose binding protein in E. coli. Although the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the second-dimension sizing separation limits the orthogonality and peak capacity of the separation, this analyzer is a significant first step toward the reproducible two-dimensional analysis of complex protein samples in microfabricated devices. Furthermore, the microchannel interface structures developed here will facilitate other multidimensional separations in microdevices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mathies, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rich@zinc.cchem.berkeley.edu FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG01399] NR 39 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 19 BP 7360 EP 7366 DI 10.1021/ac0711485 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 216IF UT WOS:000249871000025 PM 17822308 ER PT J AU Qadria, SB Mahmood, MF Mahadik, NA AF Qadria, Syed B. Mahmood, M. F. Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. TI Solution of the distributional equation and Green's functions for scattering problems SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributional equation; Green's functions; scattering theory AB A general method is described to obtain Green's functions involved in nuclear scattering theory problems. By imposing specified boundary conditions on the general solution to the distribution equation, one can readily obtain the Green's function for the radial Schrodinger equation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Manson Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Mahmood, MF (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mmahmood@howard.edu RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1099 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.aml.2007.02.001 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 207AM UT WOS:000249224000012 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, Robert L. TI Lambertian radiance and transmission of an integrating sphere SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The importance of Lambertian transmission, rather than total transmission, is argued and expressions for both are given. Exact expressions for output radiance are given in terms of both total sphere area and port area. A formula for choosing sphere size to give the maximum Lambertian transmission is developed. Port fractions in the range of 0.1-0.2 are recommended. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7231, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 28 BP 6966 EP 6970 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006966 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 226DA UT WOS:000250566200017 PM 17906725 ER PT J AU Lee, J Chen, Q Zhang, Q Reichard, K Ditto, D Mazurowski, J Hackert, M Yin, S AF Lee, Jonathan Chen, Qin Zhang, Qirning Reichard, Karl Ditto, Dave Mazurowski, John Hackert, Michael Yin, Shizhuo TI Enhancing the tuning range of a single resonant band long period grating while maintaining the resonant peak depth by using an optimized high index indium tin oxide overlay SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CLADDING LAYER; FIBER GRATINGS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TUNABLE FILTER AB We report laboratory test results of a long period grating (LPG) that can maintain a constant resonant peak depth over an enhanced tuning range when it is coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode that has optimized thickness and refractive index. The authors have experimentally demonstrated a LPG coated with ITO that can be tuned in excess of 200 mn with an ambient refractive index change of less than 0.01. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity reported for a LPG to date. In addition to the tuning performance, the resonant peak remains within 1 dB of its maximum depth for at least 100 mn of the tuning range. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Electroopt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jel236@psu.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 28 BP 6984 EP 6989 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006984 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 226DA UT WOS:000250566200020 PM 17906728 ER PT J AU Johnson, V Langeberg, A AF Johnson, Viviana Langeberg, Albert TI Emergency transfusion of incompatible red blood cells SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Johnson, V (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1514 EP 1515 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 219DS UT WOS:000250065500010 PM 17922585 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, AM Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Schmitt, H Pauls, TA Hindsley, R AF Jorgensen, A. M. Mozurkewich, D. Armstrong, J. T. Schmitt, H. Pauls, T. A. Hindsley, R. TI Improved coherent integration through fringe model fitting SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; instrumentation : interferometers; methods : data analysis; techniques : interferometric ID III STELLAR INTERFEROMETER; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; NPOI AB Maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR) of interferometric measurements of faint or low- visibility sources requires coherent integration. Coherent integration requires the use of a fringe- tracking method for determining the appropriate quantities to use for cophasing a large number of short low- SNR measurements. We present a method for tracking fringes during postprocessing. The method is based on fitting a time- dependent model of the fringe pattern to a sequence of data frames in order to determine the phase parameters for the central frame. This approach was chosen in accordance with the philosophy that optimal parameter estimation depends on a accurate model of the data. The model contains two parameters which must be chosen: the order of the time variation, and the number of simultaneous data frames to fit to. We show that this procedure results in a better SNR than a group- delay approach, particularly for low- NV2 data. In one case, the fringe-modeling approach improved coherent SNR by a factor of 2.6 over the group-delay approach. The fringe-modeling algorithm is tested on observations of the star xi Bootis obtained from the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. We also offer suggestions for future improvements to the fringe- tracking model. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Seabrook Engn, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferomet Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Jorgensen, AM (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1544 EP 1550 DI 10.1086/519379 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800023 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Wieder, G AF Mason, Brian D. Hartkopf, William I. Wycoff, Gary L. Wieder, Gary TI Speckle interferometry at the US naval observatory. XIII SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; 20 VISUAL BINARIES; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS AB The results of 1424 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch ( 66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over 2000 short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1053 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.36 '' to 61.92 '', with a median separation of 10.31 ''. This is the 13th in a series of papers presenting measurements obtained with this system and covers the period 2006 January 12-December 29. Included in these data are nine older measurements whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. This paper also includes the first data obtained using a new "secondary'' camera, designed and built at USNO. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil; wih@usno.navy.mil; glw@usno.navy.mil; wieder.gary@usno.navy.mil NR 97 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1671 EP 1678 DI 10.1086/521555 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 215BG UT WOS:000249781800034 ER PT J AU Pariat, E Schmieder, B Berlicki, A Deng, Y Mein, N Ariste, AL Wang, S AF Pariat, E. Schmieder, B. Berlicki, A. Deng, Y. Mein, N. Ariste, A. Lopez Wang, S. TI Spectrophotometric analysis of ellerman bombs in the CaII, H alpha, and UV range SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; Sun : chromosphere; line : profiles ID ARCH FILAMENT SYSTEMS; EMERGING FLUX; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC-FLUX; BALD PATCHES; FIELD; RECONNECTION; EMERGENCE; MOTIONS; LOOPS AB Context. Even if Ellerman bombs have been observed in the Ha line within emerging magnetic flux regions since the early 20th century, their origin and the mechanisms that lead to their formation have been strongly debated. Recently, new arguments in favor of chromospheric magnetic reconnection have been advanced. Ellerman bombs seem to be the signature of reconnections that take place during the emergence of the magnetic field. Aims. We have observed an active region presenting emergence of magnetic flux. We detected and studied Ellerman bombs in two chromospheric lines: Ca II 8542 angstrom and H alpha. We investigated the link between Ellerman bombs and other structures and phenomena appearing in an emerging active region: UV bright points, arch filament systems, and magnetic topology. Methods. On August 3, 2004, we performed multi- wavelength observations of the active region NOAA 10655. This active region was the target of SoHO Joint Observation Program 157. Both SoHO/MDI and TRACE (195 angstrom and 1600 angstrom) were used. Simultaneously, we observed in the Ca II and Na D1 lines with the spectro-imager MSDP mode of THEMIS. Alternately to the MSDP, we used the MTR spectropolarimeter on THEMIS to observe in Ha and in the Fe I doublet at 6302 angstrom. We derived the magnetic field vectors around some Ellerman bombs. Results. We present the first images of EBs in the Ca II line and confirm that Ellerman bombs can indeed be observed in the Ca II line, presenting the same "moustache" geometry profiles as in the Ha line, but with a narrower central absorption in the Ca II line, in which the peaks of emission are around +/- 0.35 angstrom. We noticed that the Ellerman bombs observed in the wings of Ca II line have an elongated shape-the length about 50% greater than the width. We derived mean semi-axis lengths of 1.4 '' x 2.0 ''. In the UV time profiles of the Ellerman bombs, we noticed successive enhanced emissions. The distribution of lifetimes of these individual impulses presents a strong mode around 210 s. Study of the magnetic topology shows that 9 out of the 13 EBs are located on the inversion line of the longitudinal field and that some typical examples might be associated with a bald patch topology. Conclusions. We provide new arguments in favor of the reconnection origin of Ellerman bombs. The different individual impulses observed in UV may be related to a bursty mode of reconnection. We also show that this Ca II 8542 angstrom chromospheric line is a good indicator of Ellerman bombs and can bring new information about these phenomena. C1 Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75221 Paris 05, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. CNRS, UPS 833, THEMIS, Tenerife 38200, Spain. Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Pariat, E (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM etienne.pariat@obspm.fr RI Berlicki, Arkadiusz/G-9001-2014 NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 473 IS 1 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20067011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 217OS UT WOS:000249957800030 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Miralda-Escude, J Weinberg, DH Zheng, Z Morgan, CW AF Yoo, Jaiyul Miralda-Escude, Jordi Weinberg, David H. Zheng, Zheng Morgan, Christopher W. TI The most massive black holes in the universe: Effects of mergers in massive galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : numerical; quasars : general ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUBSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; QUASARS; DENSITY; SATELLITES AB Recent observations support the idea that nuclear black holes grew by gas accretion while shining as luminous quasars at high redshift, and they establish a relation of the black hole mass with the host galaxy's spheroidal stellar system. We develop an analytic model to calculate the expected impact of mergers on the masses of black holes in massive clusters of galaxies. We use the extended Press-Schechter formalism to generate Monte Carlo merger histories of halos with a mass 10(15) h(-1) M-circle dot. We assume that the black hole mass function at z = 2 is similar to that inferred from observations at z = 0 ( since quasar activity declines markedly at z < 2), and we assign black holes to the progenitor halos assuming a monotonic relation between halo mass and black hole mass. We follow the dynamical evolution of subhalos within larger halos, allowing for tidal stripping, the loss of orbital energy by dynamical friction, and random orbital perturbations in gravitational encounters with subhalos, and we assume that most black holes will efficiently merge after their host galaxies ( represented as the nuclei of subhalos in our model) merge. Our analytic model reproduces numerical estimates of the subhalo mass function. We find that mergers can increase the mass of the most massive black holes in massive clusters typically by a factor similar to 2, after gas accretion has stopped. In our 10 realizations of 10(15) h(-1)M(circle dot) clusters, the highest initial ( z = 2) black hole masses are 5-7 x 10(9) M-circle dot, but four of the clusters contain black holes in the range 1 - 1.5 x 10(10) M-circle dot at z = 0. Satellite galaxies may host black holes whose mass is comparable to, or even greater than, that of the central galaxy. Thus, black hole mergers can significantly extend the very high end of the black hole mass function. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ICREA, CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espai, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jaiyul@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; miralda@ieec.uab.es; dhw@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; zhengz@ias.edu; morgan@astronomy.ohio-state.edu OI Miralda-Escude, Jordi/0000-0002-2316-8370 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 2 BP 813 EP 825 DI 10.1086/521015 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213WY UT WOS:000249699200012 ER PT J AU Springob, CM Masters, KL Haynes, MP Giovanelli, R Marinoni, C AF Springob, Christopher M. Masters, Karen L. Haynes, Martha P. Giovanelli, Riccardo Marinoni, Christian TI SFI++. II. A new I-BAND tully-fisher catalog, derivation of peculiar velocities, and data set properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters large scale structure of universe ID REDSHIFT-DISTANCE SURVEY; LOCAL CONVERGENCE DEPTH; 21-CM LINE MEASUREMENTS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; SC GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ROTATIONAL WIDTHS; CLUSTER GALAXIES AB We present the SFI++ data set, a homogeneously derived catalog of photometric and rotational properties and the Tully-Fisher distances and peculiar velocities derived from them. We make use of digital optical images, optical longslit spectra, and global H I line profiles to extract parameters of relevance to disk scaling relations, incorporating several previously published data sets as well as a new photometric sample of some 2000 objects. According to the completeness of available redshift samples over the sky area, we exploit both a modified percolation algorithm and the Voronoi-Delaunay method to assign individual galaxies to groups as well as clusters, thereby reducing scatter introduced by local orbital motions. We also provide corrections to the peculiar velocities for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Malmquist bias, making use of the 2MASS Redshift Survey density field to approximate large-scale structure. We summarize the sample selection criteria, corrections made to raw observational parameters, the grouping techniques, and our procedure for deriving peculiar velocities. The final SFI++ peculiar velocity catalog of 4861 field and cluster galaxies is large enough to permit the study not just of the global statistics of large-scale flows but also of the details of the local velocity field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, UMR 6207, F-13288 Marseille, France. RP Springob, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.springob@nrl.navy.mil; kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; haynes@astro.cornell.edu; riccardo@astro.cornell.edu; marinoni@cpt.univ-mrs.fr OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 56 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 599 EP 614 DI 10.1086/519527 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000003 ER PT J AU Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bailer-Jones, CAL Baldry, IK Barentine, JC Beers, TC Belokurov, V Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Bramich, DM Brewington, HJ Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Carr, MA Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Cool, RJ Cunha, CE Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Evans, NW Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Gilmore, G Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE De Haas, E Hall, PB Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hirata, CM Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kauffmann, G Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Lima, M Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Mandelbaum, R Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM Mckay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Oyaizu, H Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Padmanabhan, N Park, C Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Raddick, MJ Fiorentin, PR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Suto, Y Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tremonti, CA Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vidrih, S Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, B Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K. Agueeros, Marcel A. Allam, Sahar S. Anderson, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Baldry, Ivan K. Barentine, J. C. Beers, Timothy C. Belokurov, V. Berlind, Andreas Bernardi, Mariangela Blanton, Michael R. Bochanski, John J. Boroski, William N. Bramich, D. M. Brewington, Howard J. Brinchmann, Jarle Brinkmann, J. Brunner, Robert J. Budavari, Tamas Carey, Larry N. Carliles, Samuel Carr, Michael A. Castander, Francisco J. Connolly, A. J. Cool, R. J. Cunha, Carlos E. Csabai, Istvan Dalcanton, Julianne J. Doi, Mamoru Eisenstein, Daniel J. Evans, Michael L. Evans, N. W. Fan, Xiaohui Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Friedman, Scott D. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gillespie, Bruce Gilmore, G. Glazebrook, Karl Gray, Jim Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. De Haas, Ernst Hall, Patrick B. Harvanek, Michael Hawley, Suzanne L. Hayes, Jeffrey Heckman, Timothy M. Hendry, John S. Hennessy, Gregory S. Hindsley, Robert B. Hirata, Christopher M. Hogan, Craig J. Hogg, David W. Holtzman, Jon A. Ichikawa, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ivezic, Zeljko Jester, Sebastian Johnston, David E. Jorgensen, Anders M. Juric, Mario Kauffmann, Guinevere Kent, Stephen M. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, G. R. Kniazev, Alexei Yu. Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Kuropatkin, Nikolay Lamb, Donald Q. Lampeitl, Hubert Lee, Brian C. Leger, R. French Lima, Marcos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Mandelbaum, Rachel Margon, Bruce Martinez-Delgado, David Matsubara, Takahiko McGehee, Peregrine M. Mckay, Timothy A. Meiksin, Avery Munn, Jeffrey A. Nakajima, Reiko Nash, Thomas Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Newberg, Heidi Jo Nichol, Robert C. Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Nitta, Atsuko Oyaizu, Hiroaki Okamura, Sadanori Ostriker, Jeremiah P. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Park, Changbom Peoples, John, Jr. Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian C. Pourbaix, Dimitri Quinn, Thomas R. Raddick, M. Jordan Fiorentin, Paola Re Richards, Gordon T. Richmond, Michael W. Rix, Hans-Walter Rockosi, Constance M. Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Scranton, Ryan Seljak, Uros Sheldon, Erin Shimasaku, Kazu Silvestri, Nicole M. Smith, J. Allyn Smolcic, Vernesa Snedden, Stephanie A. Stebbins, Albert Stoughton, Chris Strauss, Michael A. SubbaRao, Mark Suto, Yasushi Szalay, Alexander S. Szapudi, Istvan Szkody, Paula Tegmark, Max Thakar, Aniruddha R. Tremonti, Christy A. Tucker, Douglas L. Uomoto, Alan Berk, Daniel E. Vanden Vandenberg, Jan Vidrih, S. Vogeley, Michael S. Voges, Wolfgang Vogt, Nicole P. Weinberg, David H. West, Andrew A. White, Simon D. M. Wilhite, Brian Yanny, Brian Yocum, D. R. York, Donald G. Zehavi, Idit Zibetti, Stefano Zucker, Daniel B. TI The Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; SURVEY QUASAR CATALOG; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; SDSS; SAMPLE; SYSTEM; FIELD; CALIBRATION AB This paper describes the Fifth Data Release (DR5) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). DR5 includes all survey quality data taken through 2005 June and represents the completion of the SDSS-I project (whose successor, SDSS-II, will continue through mid-2008). It includes five-band photometric data for 217 million objects selected over 8000 deg(2) and 1,048,960 spectra of galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 5713 deg2 of that imaging data. These numbers represent a roughly 20% increment over those of the Fourth Data Release; all the data from previous data releases are included in the present release. In addition to "standard'' SDSS observations, DR5 includes repeat scans of the southern equatorial stripe, imaging scans across M31 and the core of the Perseus Cluster of galaxies, and the first spectroscopic data from SEGUE, a survey to explore the kinematics and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. The catalog database incorporates several new features, including photometric redshifts of galaxies, tables of matched objects in overlap regions of the imaging survey, and tools that allow precise computations of survey geometry for statistical investigations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Cambridge, Astron Inst, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Basel, Switzerland. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astron & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravit, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Akad Pedogogicznaw Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gatan Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, AOT IC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & Astrophys, FNRS, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37040 USA. Alder Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Adelman-McCarthy, JK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385 NR 53 TC 536 Z9 540 U1 2 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 634 EP 644 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000005 ER PT J AU Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Erickson, WC Perley, RA Cotton, WD Greisen, EW Cohen, AS Hicks, B Schmitt, HR Katz, D AF Kassim, N. E. Lazio, T. Joseph W. Erickson, W. C. Perley, R. A. Cotton, W. D. Greisen, E. W. Cohen, A. S. Hicks, B. Schmitt, H. R. Katz, D. TI The 74 MHz system on the very large array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astrometry; instrumentation : interferometers; techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : image processing; techniques : interferometric ID FREQUENCY SKY SURVEY; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; SUPERNOVA REMNANT W44; NONCOPLANAR ARRAYS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL INDEX; 90 CENTIMETERS; NORTHERN SKY; CASSIOPEIA-A; X-RAY AB The Naval Research Laboratory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory completed implementation of a low-frequency capability on the Very Large Array at 73.8 MHz in 1998. This frequency band offers unprecedented sensitivity (similar to 25 mJy beam(-1)) and resolution for low-frequency observations. The longest baselines in the VLA itself provide 2500 resolution; the system has recently been extended to the nearby Pie Town antenna of the Very Long Baseline Array, which provides resolutions as high as 12". This paper reviews the hardware, the calibration, and imaging strategies of this relatively new system. Ionospheric phase fluctuations pose the major difficulty in calibrating the array, and they influence the choice of calibration strategy. Over restricted fields of view (e. g., when imaging a strong source) or at times of extremely quiescent ionospheric "weather'' (when the ionospheric isoplanatic patch size is larger than the field of view), an angle-invariant calibration strategy can be used. In this approach a single phase correction is devised for each antenna, typically via self-calibration; this approach is similar to that used at higher frequencies. Over larger fields of view or at times of more normal ionospheric weather when the ionospheric isoplanatic patch size is smaller than the field of view, we adopt a field-based strategy in which the phase correction depends on location within the field of view. In practice, we have implemented this second calibration strategy by modeling the ionosphere above the array using Zernike polynomials. Images of 3C sources of moderate strength are provided as examples of routine, angle-invariant calibration and imaging. Flux density measurements of a subsample of these sources with previously well-determined low-frequency spectra indicate that the 74 MHz flux scale at the Very Large Array is stable to a few percent and that flux densities tied to the Baars et al. value of Cygnus A are reliable to at least 5%. We also present an example of a wide-field image, devoid of bright objects and containing hundreds of weaker sources, constructed from the field-based calibration. The paper also reviews other practical aspects of low-frequency observations, in so far as they differ from those encountered at higher frequencies, including aspects of interference excision and wide-field imaging. We close with a summary of lessons that the 74 MHz system offers as a model for new and developing low-frequency telescopes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kassim, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kassim@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; rperley@nrao.edu; bcotton@nrao.edu; egreisen@nrao.edu; aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; brian.hicks@nrl.navy.mil; henrique.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil; dkatz@usna.edu NR 98 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 686 EP 719 DI 10.1086/519022 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 212HY UT WOS:000249588000009 ER PT J AU Wells, KC Witek, M Flatau, P Kreidenwei, SM Westphal, DL AF WellS, Kelley C. Witek, Marcin Flatau, Piotr Kreidenwei, Sonia M. Westphal, Douglas L. TI An analysis of seasonal surface dust aerosol concentrations in the western US (2001-2004): Observations and model predictions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE dust; long-range transport; particulate monitoring; rural aerosol ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; ASIAN DUST; CANADA; VALLEY; STORMS AB Long-term surface observations indicate that soil dust represents over 30% of the annual fine (particle diameter less than 2.5 mu m) particulate mass in many areas of the western US; in spring and summer, it represents an even larger fraction. There are numerous dust-producing playas in the western US, but surface dust aerosol concentrations in this region are also influenced by dust of Asian origin. This study examines the seasonality of surface soil dust concentrations at 15 western US sites using observations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network from 2001 to 2004. Average soil concentrations in particulate matter less than 10 mu m in diameter (PM 10) were lowest in winter and peaked during the summer months at these sites; however, episodic higher-concentration events (> 10 mu g m(-3)) occurred in the spring, the time of maximum Asian dust transport to the western US. Simulated surface dust concentrations from the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) suggested that long-range transport from Asia dominates surface dust concentrations in the western US in the spring, and that, although some long-range transport does occur throughout the year (1-2 mu g m(-3)), locally generated dust plays a larger role in the region in summer and fall. However, NAAPS simulated some anomalously high concentrations (> 50 mu g m(-3)) of local dust in the fall and winter months over portions of the western US. Differences between modeled and observed dust concentrations were attributed to overestimation of total observed soil dust concentrations by the assumptions used to convert IMPROVE measurements into PM10 soil concentrations, lack of inhibition of model dust production in snow-covered regions, and lack of seasonal agricultural sources in the model. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Warsaw, Interdisciplinary Ctr Math & Computat Modeling, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wells, KC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kcjohnso@atmos.colostate.edu RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 31 BP 6585 EP 6597 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.034 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224PA UT WOS:000250457700009 ER PT J AU Schultz, CC Wood, JY Magann, EF Campbell, LA Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Schultz, Carrie C. Wood, Janine Y. Magann, Everett F. Campbell, Lori A. Chauhan, Suneet P. Morrison, John C. TI Prediction of a caesarean delivery by labour and delivery nurses SO AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caesarean delivery; nurse; prediction ID NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; RISK; SECTION; RATES AB The predictive accuracy of a nurse on labour and delivery to foretell the route of delivery is unknown. Registered nurses directly involved in managing women's labour predicted the route of delivery on 199 women between September 2005 and September 2006. The sensitivity to identify women who subsequently would deliver by caesarean was 26% (95% CI 13-42%); positive predictive value of 38% (20-39%) and likelihood ratio of 2.6 (1.3-7.5). Experience did not improve the predictive accuracy. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Med Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM everett.magann@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0004-8666 J9 AUST NZ J OBSTET GYN JI Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 5 BP 402 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2007.00765.x PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 210UF UT WOS:000249480400011 PM 17877599 ER PT J AU Damjanovic, A Schlessman, JL Fitch, CA Garcia, AE Garcia-Moreno, B AF Damjanovic, Ana Schlessman, Jamie L. Fitch, Carolyn A. Garcia, Angel E. Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand TI Role of flexibility and polarity as determinants of the hydration of internal cavities and pockets in proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WATER PENETRATION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; FUNCTIONAL WATER; BURIED WATER; CHANNEL; INTERIOR AB Molecular dynamics simulations of Staphylococcal nuclease and of 10 variants with internal polar or ionizable groups were performed to investigate systematically the molecular determinants of hydration of internal cavities and pockets in proteins. In contrast to apolar cavities in rigid carbon structures, such as nanotubes or buckeyballs, internal cavities in proteins that are large enough to house a few water molecules will most likely be dehydrated unless they contain a source of polarity. The water content in the protein interior can be modulated by the flexibility of protein elements that interact with water, which can impart positional disorder to water molecules, or bias the pattern of internal hydration that is stabilized. This might explain differences in the patterns of hydration observed in crystal structures obtained at cryogenic and room temperature conditions. The ability of molecular dynamics simulations to determine the most likely sites of water binding in internal pockets and cavities depends on its efficiency in sampling the hydration of internal sites and alternative protein and water conformations. This can be enhanced significantly by performing multiple molecular dynamics simulations as well as simulations started from different initial hydration states. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY USA. Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY USA. NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Garcia-Moreno, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM bertrand@jhu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM061597] NR 61 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 8 BP 2791 EP 2804 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.104182 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 212YF UT WOS:000249632300020 PM 17604315 ER PT J AU Liu, XS Zheng, F Jurgensen, A Perez-Dieste, V Petrovykh, DY Abbott, NL Himpsel, FJ AF Liu, Xiaosong Zheng, Fan Juergensen, A. Perez-Dieste, V. Petrovykh, D. Y. Abbott, N. L. Himpsel, F. J. TI Self-assembly of biomolecules at surfaces characterized by NEXAFS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE NEXAFS; bio-interfaces; ribonuclease A; immobilization; orientation ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; DNA; EDGE; PROTEIN; MONOLAYERS; BIOSENSOR AB Surface science has made great strides towards tailoring surface properties via self-assembly of nanoscale molecular adsorbates. It is now possible to functionalize surfaces with complex biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. This brief overview shows how NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy) can be used to characterize the assembly of biological molecules at surfaces in atom- and orbital-specific fashion. To illustrate the range of applications, we begin with simple self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), proceed to SAMs with customized terminal groups, and finish with DNA oligonucleotides and Ribonuclease A, a small protein containing 124 amino acids. The N 1s absorption edge is particularly useful for characterizing DNA and proteins because it selectively interrogates the pi* orbitals in nucleobases and the peptide bonds in proteins. Information about the orientation of molecular orbitals is obtained from the polarization dependence. Quantitative NEXAFS models explain the polarization dependence in terms of molecular orientation and structure. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ALBA Synchrotron Light Facil, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Himpsel, FJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM fhimpsel@wisc.edu RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Liu, Xiaosong/D-7564-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 10 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1139/V07-079 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229RD UT WOS:000250820900021 ER PT J AU Quast, TM Willis, SL Cuneo, B AF Quast, Timothy M. Willis, Scott L. Cuneo, Brian TI A confounding set of symptoms: Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a 29-yeair-old male SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT CHEST 2007 Conference CY OCT 20-25, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Chest Phys C1 [Quast, Timothy M.; Willis, Scott L.; Cuneo, Brian] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2007 VL 132 IS 4 SU S BP 671S EP 672S PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 222FY UT WOS:000250282700853 ER PT J AU Elliott, MJ Kurtz, CA AF Elliott, Michael J. Kurtz, Christopher A. TI Peripheral versus aperture fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-PATELLAR TENDON; INTERFERENCE SCREW FIXATION; PIN FEMORAL FIXATION; PRESS-FIT FIXATION; CONSERVATIVELY TREATED TEARS; HAMSTRING GRAFT FIXATION; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; ACL RECONSTRUCTION; TUNNEL ENLARGEMENT; TIBIAL TUNNEL AB Because both the young and aging population are showmig increasing interest in sports participation, the number of sports related injuries and in particular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been increasing. Because of these injuries much dine and energy has been focused on ACL reconstruction in order to return these individuals to their optimal level of participation in their sport. This article explores and reviews the concepts of ACL fixation location and how this affects die ultimate outcome of this reconstructive procedure. C1 Childrens Hosp Cent California, Dept Orthoped, Specialty Med Grp, Madera, CA 93636 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Orthoped, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Elliott, MJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Cent California, Dept Orthoped, Specialty Med Grp, 9300 Valley Childrens Pl, Madera, CA 93636 USA. EM melliott@childrenscentralcal.org NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-5919 J9 CLIN SPORT MED JI Clin. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 683 EP + DI 10.1016/j.csm.2007.06.002 PG 12 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 231SZ UT WOS:000250970600013 PM 17920960 ER PT J AU Kaihatu, JM Sheremet, A Holland, KT AF Kaihatu, James M. Sheremet, Alexandru Holland, K. Todd TI A model for the propagation of nonlinear surface waves over viscous muds SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID WATER-WAVES; INTERFACIAL WAVES; SOUTHWEST COAST; SHALLOW-WATER; GRAVITY-WAVES; SOFT BOTTOM; LONG WAVES; ATTENUATION; BED; TRANSFORMATION AB The effect of a thin viscous fluid-mud layer on nearshore nonlinear wave-wave interactions is studied using a parabolic frequency-domain nonlinear wave model, modified to incorporate a bottom dissipation mechanism based on a viscous boundary layer approach. The boundary-layer formulation allows for explicit calculation of the mud-induced wave damping rate. The model performed well in tests based on laboratory data. Numerical tests show that damping of high frequency waves occurs, mediated by "difference" nonlinear interactions. Simulations of 2-dimensional wave propagation over a mud "patch" of finite extent show that the wave dissipation causes significant downwave diffraction effects. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Marine Geosci Div Code 7440 3, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kaihatu, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jkaihatu@civil.tamu.edu RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 54 IS 10 BP 752 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.05.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 222WB UT WOS:000250327300003 ER PT J AU Qiao, L Gu, Y Dam, WJA Oran, ES Faeth, GM AF Qiao, L. Gu, Y. Dam, W. J. A. Oran, E. S. Faeth, G. M. TI A study of the effects of diluents on near-limit H-2-air flames in microgravity at normal and reduced pressures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE extinction; diluents; hydrogen flames; microgravity ID FLAME/STRETCH INTERACTIONS; LAMINAR; EXTINCTION; STRETCH AB A combination of microgravity experiments and computational simulations were used to study effects of diluents on the near-limit properties of laminar, premixed hydrogen/air flames. The experiments were conducted in a short-drop free-fall laboratory facility that provided at least 450 ms of 10(-2)g conditions. Outwardly propagating spherical flames were used to measure near-limit laminar burning velocities at various fuel-equivalence ratios and pressures with reactants containing varying concentrations of He, Ar, N-2, and CO2 as fire suppressants. Burning velocities were also computed using the steady, one-dimensional laminar premixed flame code PREMIX with detailed chemical kinetics, transport properties, and radiative heat loss based on an optically thin assumption. Measured and computed results both showed the suppressant effectiveness to increase in the order He, Ar, N-2, and CO2. This is attributed to both the increasing specific heats and the decreasing transport rates of the gases. The suppressants can also decrease the Markstein number, especially for CO2, causing the flames to become more susceptible to preferential-diffusion instability. The resulting increase in flame surface wrinkling increases the burning velocity, thus counteracting the desired effect of the flame suppressant. The agreement between measured and computed laminar burning velocities was better than it was near the limit. Sensitivity analyses suggest that inaccuracies in three-body termination rates for H + O-2 + M = HO2 + M reactions and in mass diffusion coefficients for H-2 diffusion are the most likely explanation for the near-limit differences. (c) 2007 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qiao, L (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lqiao@umich.edu OI Ismail, Mostafa/0000-0001-7530-9764 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2007 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.06.013 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 213AY UT WOS:000249639500014 ER PT J AU Curtis, W AF Curtis, Willie TI Victory in war: Foundations of modem military policy SO COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Curtis, W (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0010-4140 J9 COMP POLIT STUD JI Comp. Polit. Stud. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1270 EP 1272 DI 10.1177/0010414007305073 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 213WH UT WOS:000249697500007 ER PT J AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W AF Gong, Qi Ross, I. Michael Kang, Wei TI A pseudospectral observer for nonlinear systems SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Research CY JUN 12-15, 2006 CL Nankai Univ, Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Nankai Univ DE numerical observer; optimization; pseudospectral; nonlinear estimation ID APPROXIMATIONS AB In this paper, we present an observer design method for nonlinear systems based on pseudospectral discretizations and a moving horizon strategy. The observer has a low computational burden, a fast convergence rate and the ability to handle measurement noise. In addition to ordinary differential equations, our observer is applicable to nonlinear systems governed by deferential-algebraic equations (DAE), which are considered very difficult to deal with by other designs such as Kalman filters. The performance of the proposed observer is demonstrated by several numerical experiments on a time-varying chaotic nonlinear system with unknown parameters and a nonlinear circuit with a singularity-induced bifurcation. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM qi.gong@utsa.edu; imross@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD OCT PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 589 EP 611 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 188CU UT WOS:000247897400006 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG Wang, Q AF Zhou, Hong Forest, M. Gregory Wang, Qi TI Anchoring-induced texture & shear banding of nematic polymers in shear cells SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Research CY JUN 12-15, 2006 CL Nankai Univ, Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Nankai Univ DE anchoring-induced structure; nematic polymers; shear flow ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; PLANE COUETTE CELLS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ELONGATIONAL FLOWS; POISEUILLE FLOWS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SCALING LAWS; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SELECTION AB We numerically explore texture (resolved by the second-moment of the orientational distribution) and shear banding of nematic polymers in shear cells, allowing for one-dimensional morphology in the gap between parallel plates. We solve the coupled Navier-Stokes and Doi-Marrucci-Greco orientation tensor model, considering both confined orientation in the plane of shear and full orientation tensor degrees of freedom, and both primary flow and vorticity (in the full tensor model) components. This formulation makes contact with a large literature on analytical and numerical (cf. the review [41]) as well as experimental (cf. the review [45]) studies of nematic polymer texture and flow feedback. Here we focus on remarkable sensitivity of texture & shear band phenomena to plate anchoring conditions on the orientational distribution. We first explore steady in-plane flow-nematic states at low Peclet (PC) and Ericksen (Er) numbers, where asymptotic analysis provides exact texture scaling properties [18, 6]. We illustrate that in-plane steady states co-exist with, and are unstable to, out-of-plane steady states, yet the structures and their scaling properties are not dramatically different. Non-Newtonian shear bands arise through orientational stresses. They are explored first for steady states, where we show the strength and gap location of shear bands can be tuned with anchoring conditions. Next, unsteady flow-texture transitions associated with the Ericksen number cascade are explored. We show the critical Er of the steady-to-unsteady transition, and qualitative features of the space-time attractor, are again strongly dependent on wall anchoring conditions. Other simulations highlight unsteady flow-nematic structures over 3 decades of the Ericksen number, comparisons of shear banding and texture features for in-plane and out-of-plane models, and vorticity generation in out-of-plane attractors. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Adv Mat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu; forest@email.unc.edu; wang@math.fsu.edu NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1531-3492 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-B JI Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.-Ser. B PD OCT PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 707 EP 733 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 188CU UT WOS:000247897400013 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Wu, P Collins, GE AF Lu, Qin Wu, Peter Collins, Greg E. TI Contactless conductivity detection of sodium monofluoroacetate in fruit juices on a CE microchip SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE CE; contactless conductivity detection; fruit juices; microchip; sodium monofluoroacetate ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUOROACETATE COMPOUND-1080; ABSORBENCY DETECTION; METAL-IONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLES; DERIVATIZATION; SEPARATION; RESIDUES; TISSUES AB Rapid and quantitative determination of sodium monofluoroacetate in diluted fruit juices (dilution 1:9 v/v in deionized water) and tap water was performed by microchip CE, using contactless conductivity detection. A separation buffer consisting of 20 mM citric acid and histidine at PH 3.5 enabled the detection of the monofluoroacetate (MFA) anion in diluted apple juice, cranberry juice, and orange juice without lengthy sample pretreatments. The analyte was very well separated from interfering anionic species present in juices and tap water. LODs in diluted juices and tap water were determined to be 125, 167, 138, and 173 mu g/L for tap water, apple juice, cranberry juice, and orange juice, respectively, based upon an S/N of 3:1. Taking into account the dilution factor, the LODs for juice samples range from 1 to 2 mg/L, which is adequate for monitoring the toxicity of MFA in these juice beverages and tap water. The calibration curves for MFA in diluted fruit juices were linear over the range of 500 mu g/L to 80 mg/L. The total analysis time for detecting the MFA anion in fruit juices was less than 5 min, which represents a considerable reduction in analysis time compared to other analytical methods currently used in food analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nri.navy.mil NR 30 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 19 BP 3485 EP 3491 DI 10.1002/elps.200600723 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 222KE UT WOS:000250294200014 PM 17768724 ER PT J AU Dagg, MJ Ammerman, JW Amon, RMW Gardner, WS Green, RE Lohrenz, SE AF Dagg, Michael J. Ammerman, James W. Amon, Rainer M. W. Gardner, Wayne S. Green, Rebecca E. Lohrenz, Steven E. TI A review of water column processes influencing hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Review ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; COASTAL WATERS; INTERMEDIATE SALINITIES; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; LOUISIANA SHELF; NUTRIENT FLUXES; SUMMER HYPOXIA AB In this review, we use data from field measurements of biogeochemical processes and cycles in the Mississippi River plume and in other shelf regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico to determine plume contributions to coastal hypoxia. We briefly review pertinent findings from these process studies, review recent mechanistic models that synthesize these processes to address hypoxia-related issues, and reinterpret current understanding in the context of these mechanistic models. Some of our conclusions are that both nitrogen and phosphorus are sometimes limiting to phytoplankton growth; respiration is the main fate of fixed carbon in the plume, implying that recycling is the main fate of nitrogen; decreasing the river nitrate loading results in less than a 1:1 decrease in organic matter sinking from the plume; and sedimenting organic matter from the Mississippi River plume can only fuel about 23% of observed coastal hypoxia, suggesting significant contributions from the Atchafalaya River and, possibly, coastal wedands. We also identify gaps in our knowledge about controls on hypoxia, and indicate that some reinterpretation of our basic assumptions about this system is required. There are clear needs for improved information on the sources, rates, and locations of organic matter sedimentation; for further investigation of internal biogeochemical processes and cycling; for improved understanding of the rates of oxygen diffusion across the pycnocline; for identification and quantification of other sources of organic matter fueling hypoxia or other mechanisms by which Mississippi River derived organic matter fuels hypoxia; and for the development of a fully coupled physical-biogeochemical model. C1 [Dagg, Michael J.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Ammerman, James W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Amon, Rainer M. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Gardner, Wayne S.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Green, Rebecca E.] Naval Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lohrenz, Steven E.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dagg, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. EM mdagg@lumcon.edu OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 110 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 735 EP 752 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249BH UT WOS:000252201300001 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR Waters, CA Beyler, CL AF Hartman, J. R. Waters, C. A. Beyler, C. L. TI An evaluation of the self-heating hazards of cerium(IV) nitrated treated towels using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE self-heating; TGA; DSC; cellulose; ignition; cerium nitrate ID CELLULOSIC INSULATION MATERIAL; KINETICS AB This study measured the Arrhenius kinetic parameters and heat of reaction using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) for the combustion of untreated towels and towels treated with cerium(IV) nitrate. These parameters were used to calculate the self-heating parameters, M and P (Self-heating: Evaluating and Controlling the Hazard. Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London, 1984) and the critical pile sizes of the towels at several temperatures. The results from the TGA/DSC experiments support the conclusions by Beyler et al. (Fire and Materials 2005; 30:223-240) that the cerium(IV) nitrate treatment of towels significantly enhances the ignitability of the towels but that self-heating is not a hazard for normal temperature storage scenarios other than bulk storage. It was found that the kinetic reaction data measured by TGA and DSC are only useful for predicting the specific reaction hazard for materials stored above 100 degrees C. A comparison of the self-heating parameters measured by oven and kinetic reaction data methods for a number of materials suggests that the kinetic reaction data overestimate the critical pile size at temperatures below 100 degrees C. In addition, it was found that the kinetic reaction data measured by TGA can be used to determine the relative self-heating hazards for modified materials. TGA testing with towels saturated with a 0.5N solution of cerium(IV) nitrate (Ce(NO3)(4)) in a 2.0 N solution of nitric acid, a 2.0 N solution of sodium nitrate in 2.0 N nitric acid and simple 2.0 N nitric acid, showed that the sodium nitrate and nitric acid treated samples reacted at the same temperatures as the untreated towels, while cerium(IV) nitrate markedly reduced the reaction temperature. These tests clearly point to the importance of the cerium(IV) ion as an oxidizing agent. Thus, the TGA testing provided in a matter of days, insights that would have required months of oven testing. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Hughes Assoc Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Beyler, CL (reprint author), Hughes Assoc Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM cbeyler@haifire.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1002/fam.941 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 220NS UT WOS:000250164000002 ER PT J AU Burns, PM Myers, M Sethian, JD Wolford, MF Giuliani, JL Obenschain, SP Lehmberg, RH Searles, S Friedman, M Hegeler, F Jaynes, R Smilgys, RV AF Burns, P. M. Myers, M. Sethian, J. D. Wolford, M. F. Giuliani, J. L. Obenschain, S. P. Lehmberg, R. H. Searles, S. Friedman, M. Hegeler, F. Jaynes, R. Smilgys, R. V. TI Development of a continuous multi-thousand shot electron beam pumped KrF rep-rate laser for fusion energy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Meeting on Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM ID INDUCED ABSORPTION; FUSED-SILICA; POWER; PERFORMANCE; OSCILLATOR; EXTRACTION; FLUORIDE; GAS; UV AB The Electra laser system is currently being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory to serve as a test bed for laser driver technologies needed for an inertial fusion energy, power plant. The main amplifier has produced 730 J of laser light operating in an oscillator mode. These results as well as advancement of the laser physics, electron beam deposition, and the pulse power technologies give us projections of > 7% wall plug efficiency for an IFE system. The Electra main amplifier in oscillator configuration has run continuously at 1 Hz, 2.5 Hz, and 5 Hz for multi-thousand shot runs. This paper will discuss recent results of the Electra program at the Naval Research Laboratory. including integrating the Electra main amplifier into a complete laser amplifier system. Issues addressed will include development paths for the cathode, window coating, and foil longevity to attain the durability required for a fusion power plant. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Suppourt Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Burns, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patrick.burns@nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 218BB UT WOS:000249989900016 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Robson, AE Sawan, ME Sviatoslavsky, G Sviatoslavsky, IN Wang, X AF Raffray, A. R. Robson, A. E. Sawan, M. E. Sviatoslavsky, G. Sviatoslavsky, I. N. Wang, X. TI A self-cooled liquid breeder blanket for a laser IFE power plant with magnetic intervention SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Meeting on Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 12-16, 2006 CL Albuquerque, NM AB A possible way to address the issue of dry wall survival in a Laser IFE chamber is to use magnetic diversion in order to steer away the ions from the chamber wall (representing -25-30% of the yield energy). A cusp magnetic field is imposed on to the chamber; the ions from the micro-explosion are trapped within the magnetic field and are directed to more readily accessible and replaceable dump regions at the equator and poles. A large fraction of the magnetic energy can be dissipated in the chamber walls if an electrically resistive structural material is used. An advanced blanket based on a self-cooled liquid breeder (e.g.Pb-17Li or flibe) and SiCf/SiC structure has been proposed for this purpose and a scoping design study performed as part of the High Average Power Laser program effort This paper summarizes the results of this scoping study, and highlights the advantages of such a concept as well as the key issues that need to be addressed by R&D. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 460 EBU 2,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. EM rraffray@ucsd.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 218BB UT WOS:000249989900042 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, Sylvain TI Fontane's travestied "Pucelle": Irrungen, Wirrungen? SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA German DT Article AB Is Theodor Fontane's playful reference to Friedrich Schiller's romantic drama The Maid of Orleans in the novel Irrungen, Wirrungen purely incidental as argued by Lieselotte Voss? The study takes a serious look at this claim, retracing the novelist's life-long passion for Jeanne d'Arc and tying it to the masquerade at the core of Irrungen, Wirrungen. In light of Voltaire's satirical Pucelle, the novel reveals itself as a travesty through which Fontane wages war on class snobbery and debases the aristocratic notion of heroism by making it accessible to the small bourgeoisie. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV, BOX 873204, TEMPE, AZ 85287-3204 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 503 EP 515 PG 13 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 230WR UT WOS:000250907500002 ER PT J AU Freeberg, JA Benedet, JL West, LA Atkinson, EN MacAulay, C Follen, M AF Freeberg, J. Adrian Benedet, J. L. West, L. A. Atkinson, E. N. MacAulay, Calum Follen, Michele TI The clinical effectiveness of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for the in vivo diagnosis of cervical neoplasia: An analysis by phase of trial design SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL); high-grade SIL (HGSIL); in vivo cervical diagnosis; real-time diagnosis; optical spectroscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; reflectance spectroscopy; combined fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy; point probe device; multi-spectral device; multi-spectral imaging; sensitivity and specificity of cervical diagnosis ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; EXCITATION WAVELENGTHS; OPTICAL-DETECTION; UTERINE CERVIX; PRECANCER; CANCER; CIN; SPECTRA; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB Objective. In this review, we focus on the pilot, Phase I, II, and III clinical trials of fluorescence spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, and their combination for the in vivo diagnosis of cervical neoplasia using both point probe and multi-spectral imaging approaches. Research groups that have progressed from pilot through Phase II/III clinical trials were analyzed. Methods. A formal search was conducted to identify articles which report the performance of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy trials which diagnose cervical neoplasia in vivo. This report focuses on the funding source, prevalence of disease in the trials, type of population (screening versus diagnostic), gold standard criterion for diagnosis (histopathology versus colposcopy alone and histopathology), histopathologic classification (World Health Organization (WHO) 8 categories, Bethesda 5 categories, or both (13 categories)), number of clinical trial sites, number of medical investigators, number of histopathology reviews by histopathologists for a consensus diagnosis, use of acetic acid, explicit sample size calculation in the published report, actual sample size in the trial, ages of patients included in the trial, and the phase of the trial design, as they affect performance and plotted as sensitivity and 1 -specificity. Results. Twenty-six studies were included and their heterogeneity precluded formal meta-analytic combination. While most factors inherent in the review were not significant sources of variability; there were three variables that affected performance, i.e., sample size, age of patients, and phase of trial design. Discussion. As with pharmaceutical trials, as the sample size increased, as the heterogeneity of the population increased, as the age of the patients included patients over 50 years old, and as the phase of clinical trial design progressed from pilot through Phase M randomized trial, the performance of all devices decreased. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Unit 193, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Unit 193, Houston, TX 77030 USA. British Columbia Canc Res Ctr, Dept Opt Imaging, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Follen, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Unit 193, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mfollen@mdanderson.org RI MacAulay, Calum/K-1795-2016 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA82710] NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1 SU 1 BP S270 EP S280 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.07.009 PG 11 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 222XQ UT WOS:000250332100052 PM 17825882 ER PT J AU Freeberg, JA Benedet, JL MacAulay, C West, LA Follen, M AF Freeberg, J. Adrian Benedet, J. L. MacAulay, Calum West, Loyd A. Follen, Michele TI The performance of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for the in vivo diagnosis of cervical neoplasia; point probe versus multispectral approaches SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); sqaumous intraepithelial lesion (SIL); high-grade SIL (HG-SIL); in vivo cervical diagnosis; real-time diagnosis; optical spectroscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; reflectance spectroscopy; combined fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy; point probe spectroscopy; multispectral spectroscopy or imaging; sensitivity; and specificity of cervical diagnosis ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; EXCITATION WAVELENGTHS; OPTICAL-DETECTION; UTERINE CERVIX; PRECANCER; SPECTRA; CANCER; CIN; COLLAGEN; PROGRAM AB Objective. This review evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of fluorescence spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, and their combination that use both point probe and multispectral imaging approaches in diagnosing cervical neoplasia in vivo. Methods. Articles were selected for this review from a literature search which report the performance of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy devices in diagnosing cervical neoplasia in vivo. This analysis focused on the comparison of point probe versus multispectral approaches; the use of fluorescence, reflectance, and their combination; and finally the types of populations that have been studied for in vivo diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). Results. Twenty-six studies were included and their heterogeneity precluded formal meta-analysis. Though point probes were expected to have greater specificity and multispectral approaches greater sensitivity, there was considerable overlap in the performance of point probe and multispectral devices. There were few studies that studied fluorescence spectroscopy alone and reflectance spectroscopy alone. Combined fluorescence and reflectance approaches showed considerable overlap among point probe and multispectral devices. The overlap of performance suggests that fluorescence and reflectance may have similar performance. Currently the paucity of data precludes definitive conclusions regarding the additive effect of both approaches. Only two of twenty-six trials have recruited patients with no history of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear (screening populations) and twenty-four trials include patients with a range of cervical abnormalities from atypia to cancer (diagnostic populations). Discussion. Optical spectroscopy using a point probe and multispectral approaches appears to overlap in performance. Fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopies examine different aspects of epithelial-stromal biology and appear to yield similar diagnostic performance. While intuitively appealing, their combination may or may not be additive. There have been few studies of these technologies in screening populations. Better definitions of device trial design and reporting requirements would facilitate combining analyses to formally examine performance. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. British Columbia Canc Res Ctr, Dept Opt Imaging, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Follen, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Ctr Biomed Engn, Dept Gynecol Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 193,Unit 193, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mfollen@mdanderson.org RI MacAulay, Calum/K-1795-2016 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA82710] NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1 SU 1 BP S248 EP S255 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.07.008 PG 8 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 222XQ UT WOS:000250332100049 PM 17825399 ER PT J AU Kersten, PR Jansen, RW Luc, K Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, P. R. Jansen, R. W. Luc, K. Ainsworth, T. L. TI Motion analysis in SAR images of unfocused objects using time-frequency methods SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA); moving targets; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); time-frequency (TF); time-frequency distribution series (TFDS); time-frequency representation (TFR); Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation processing assumes that the scene is stationary, and to focus an object, one coherently sums a large number of independent returns. Any target motion introduces phases that distort and/or translate the target's image. Target motion produces a smear primarily in the azimuth direction of the SAR image. Time-frequency (TF) modeling is used to analyze and correct the residual phase distortions. An interactive focusing algorithm based on TF modeling demonstrates how to correct the phase and to rapidly focus the mover. This is demonstrated on two watercraft observed in a SAR image. Then, two time-frequency representations (TFRs) are applied to estimate the motion parameters of the movers or refocus them or both. The first is the short-time Fourier transform, from which a velocity profile is constructed based on the length of the smear. The second TFR is the time-frequency distribution series, which is a robust derivative of the Wigner-Ville distribution that works well in this SAR environment. The smear is a modulated chirp, from which a velocity profile is plotted and the phase corrections are integrated to focus the movers. The relationship between these two methods is discussed. Both methods show good agreement on the example. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kersten@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2007.896318 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 223RL UT WOS:000250389900006 ER PT J AU Summers, JE Soukup, RJ Gragg, RF AF Summers, Jason E. Soukup, Raymond J. Gragg, Robert F. TI Mathematical modeling and computer-aided manufacturing of rough surfaces for experimental study of seafloor scattering SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic scattering; computer-aided manufacturing (CAM); fractional Brownian motion; physical modeling; power-law roughness spectrum; rough-surface scattering ID STYLUS TIP CURVATURE; FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTIONS; TOUCH-TRIGGER PROBE; LAW POWER-SPECTRUM; FRACTAL DIMENSION; HAUSDORFF DIMENSION; CORRUGATED SURFACE; SELF-AFFINITY; TIME-SERIES; PROFILES AB Diverse aspects of stochastic processes, time-series analysis, fractal geometry, and manufacturing technology are brought together to provide a unified theoretical framework for the mathematical characterization and physical fabrication of scale-model representations of the rough ocean bottom. These scale models can be used to validate the predictions of interface-scattering theories, particularly those relating to the dependence of scattering strength on roughness parameters. In acoustical oceanography, rough surfaces are conventionally described in terms of power-spectral density (PSD) or fractal dimension. Here, recently developed concepts describing modified power-law PSD and approximately self-affine stochastic fractals are used to account for issues of finite sample size and finite manufacturing resolution. The large- and small-k bandwidth restrictions that these issues inherently impose are related to their effects on the properties of surfaces as characterized both mathematically and by visual observation. This development provides the groundwork for numerical generation of surfaces, using spectral methods, and their physical manufacture, using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques. Effects of the spectral method of numerical generation on the statistics of generated topography are detailed. A manufacturing technique using a computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine is discussed and topography-specific guidelines for accurate manufacture of rough surfaces are prescribed. C1 [Summers, Jason E.; Soukup, Raymond J.; Gragg, Robert F.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Summers, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.summers@nrl.navy.mil RI Summers, Jason/K-3142-2012 OI Summers, Jason/0000-0002-9247-7900 NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 897 EP 914 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.906403 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 262XT UT WOS:000253182700013 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS Bilow, HJ AF Asvestas, John S. Bilow, Henry J. TI Line-integral approach to computing impedance matrix elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary-integral equations; Gordon-Bilow transformation (GBT); Green's theorem; impedance-matrix calculation; method of moments; numerical integration AB We present a line-integral approach for computing the impedance-matrix elements in the traditional Rao-Wilton-Glisson formulation of the moment method for electromagnetic problems. The line integral extends over the perimeter of a triangle and can be computed numerically using a Gauss-Legendre quadrature. We present the conversion of the surface integral to a line integral, and we perform calculations where we compare the present method to a surface quadrature approach. C1 NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Code 4-5-5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil; henry.bilow@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2767 EP 2772 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.905815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 220SV UT WOS:000250178500016 ER PT J AU Ball, JE Bruce, LM AF Ball, John E. Bruce, Lori Mann TI Level set hyperspectral image classification using best band analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE band selection; classification; dimensionality reduction (DR); hyperspectral; image classification; image processing; level sets; remote sensing; segmentation; spectral angle mapper (SAM); spectral information divergence (SID); vicinal pixels AB We present a supervised hyperspectral classification procedure consisting of an initial distance-based segmentation method that uses best band analysis (BBA), followed by a level set enhancement that forces localized region homogeneity. The proposed method is tested on two hyperspectral images of an urban and rural nature. The proposed method is compared to the maximum likelihood (ML) method using BBA. Quantitative results are compared using segmentation and classification accuracies. Results show that both the initial classification using BBA features and the level set enhancement produced high-quality ground cover maps and outperformed the ML method, as well as previous studies by the authors. For example, with the compact airborne spectrographic imager image, the ML method resulted in accuracies <= 95.5%, whereas the level set segmentation approach resulted in accuracies as high as 99.7%. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Georesources Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ball, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electromagnet & Sensors Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM john.e.ball@navy.mil; bruce@gri.msstate.edu NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3022 EP 3027 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.905629 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 215GF UT WOS:000249795600004 ER PT J AU Jansson, PM Tisa, J Kim, W AF Jansson, Peter Mark Tisa, Jeffrey Kim, William TI Instrument and measurement technology education - A case study: Inexpensive student-designed power monitoring instrument for campus submetering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE electrical and computer engineering (ECE) education; engineering clinics; inexpensive energy metering; instrumentation and measurement (I&M) education; power monitoring; project-based learning; student projects AB In an innovative engineering course on Sustainable Design in Engineering, two Rowan University electrical and computer engineering (ECE) students designed a prototype for an inexpensive power measurement instrument. Their motivation was to more economically and conveniently monitor the energy flows on a university campus that currently uses over $7 million of electricity and gas annually. These students continued the development of their initial design prototyped for the above course by redesigning, constructing, and testing a more easily manufacturable instrument in their Senior Engineering Clinic class. The engineering clinic sequence at Rowan University represents an ideal mechanism for the inclusion of key instrumentation and measurement (I&M) concepts and principles into an engineer's education. While the core ECE curriculum does not teach I&M technology (I&MT) as a distinct subject area, the students engage in a hands-on and minds-on learning environment in this clinic, which proves ideal for I&NIT applications and education. Their challenge was to create an inexpensive I&NIT that could provide the means by which Rowan University could affordably monitor its electrical energy use in many of its unmetered buildings. With these data, the university could then find out exactly why it leads a group of 20 peer universities and colleges in energy consumption per square foot and to assist the university in meeting its sustainabilfty commitment to the Governor's Office and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. With the assistance of their professor and the use of their electrical engineering training, the team undertook to develop an energy auditor's dream machine, i.e., a cheap, portable, and easily installed energy measurement instrument that produces reliable data and can be used to safely instrument each key building without requiring the aid of a 'professional electrician. This paper details the background of their challenge, the approaches they considered, the benefits of this project-based learning clinic on I&M education and, quite importantly, the innovation they have created, i.e., a single-phase power sensing, measuring, and monitoring instrument for a total cost of less than $ 100 (their design can. be easily expanded to three phase for a nominal increase in sensor cost). C1 Rowan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. New Castle Reg Off, PHI Syst Planning, Newark, DE 19714 USA. Dade Behring Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Jansson, PM (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1744 EP 1752 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.903582 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 212TM UT WOS:000249619700031 ER PT J AU Salem, TE Ibitayo, D Geil, BR AF Salem, Thomas E. Ibitayo, Dimeji Geil, Bruce R. TI Validation of infrared camera thermal measurements on high-voltage power electronic components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE high voltage; infrared (IR) camera; power electronic components; temperature measurement; validation ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS AB Thermal performance of power electronic components is a limiting factor on the power density and design of high-voltage, high-power systems. Therefore, accurate assessment and characterization of the thermal capabilities of these components is critical for the development and design of high-density power applications. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of using an infrared camera system to characterize high-voltage power electronic components. A comparison is given for the use of two different spray coatings to create a uniform surface emissivity within a variety of experimental situations. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. ARL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1973 EP 1978 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.903590 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 212TM UT WOS:000249619700061 ER PT J AU Fischer, RP Ting, AC Gordon, DF Ferrisler, RF DiComo, GP Sprangle, P AF Fischer, Richard P. Ting, Antonio C. Gordon, Daniel F. Ferrisler, Richard F. DiComo, Gregory P. Sprangle, Phillip TI Conductivity measurements of femtosecond laser-plasma filaments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air propagation; filament conductivity; filamentation; laser-plasma interaction; ultrashort pulses ID TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS; AIR; DISCHARGES; PULSES; ELECTRONS; NITROGEN; CHANNEL AB Experiments are performed to characterize the electrical properties of plasma filaments that are generated by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air. A single plasma filament passes through a high-voltage sphere pulsed at -100 kV to a grounded electrode, which serves as a current monitor. The experiments utilize moderate electric fields to probe the filament conductivity, thereby avoiding the strong perturbations caused by electric discharges. The measured filament current decreases as similar to 1/R-2 as the separation R between the electrodes is increased up to 1.5 m. The pulselength of the filament current signal is 2 ns (full-width at half-maximum), but the time resolution is limited by the bandwidth of the oscilloscope. The typical plasma density in the conducting filament is 9 x 10(15) cm(-3), which is inferred from the conductivity measurements and the size of the optical filaments. Comparisons are made with mobility values derived from electron swarm data, where the mobility depends upon the applied electric field. The conductivity of the filament is measured as the laser pulselength is varied from 50 fs to 1.5 ps. We find that relatively long laser pulses (1 ps) produce filaments with the largest conductivity. A model is used to predict the longitudinal position where the plasma filament forms and is in reasonably good agreement with measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Fischer, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rich.fischer@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1430 EP 1436 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.901951 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 232BO UT WOS:000250993300001 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF AF Gordon, Daniel F. TI Improved ponderomotive guiding center algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle code; plasma simulation ID IN-CELL CODE; SIMULATION; PLASMAS AB The original implementation of the ponderomotive guiding center algorithm is not suitable for modeling the propagation of short laser pulses over long distances. An improved algorithm is given, which improves the accuracy of the calculation, allowing much longer propagation distances to be modeled. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1486 EP 1488 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.905949 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 232BO UT WOS:000250993300008 ER PT J AU Ladner, R Warner, E Katikaneni, U McCreedy, F Petry, FE AF Ladner, Roy Warner, Elizabeth Katikaneni, Udaykiran McCreedy, Frank Petry, Frederick E. TI Active network architecture and management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WEB SERVICES AB Access and retrieval of meteorological and oceanographic data from heterogeneous sources in a distributed system presents many issues. There are a number of features of the TEDServices system that illustrate active network management for such data. There is a self-aware or intelligent aspect with respect to the mechanisms for shutdown, data ordering, and propagation of data orders. Intelligent cache management and collaborative application sharing process are other features of the active network management. Additionally a very important capability is the implementation of resumable object streams, which allows either the client or server side of a request to lose network connection, regain it, and the request will continue where it left off. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rladner@nrlssc.navy.mil; ewarner@nrlssc.navy.mil; ukatikan@nrlssc.navy.mil; Frank.McCreedy@nrlssc.navy.mil; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0884-8173 J9 INT J INTELL SYST JI Int. J. Intell. Syst. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1123 EP 1138 DI 10.1002/int.20242 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 209BN UT WOS:000249363200004 ER PT J AU Marter, A Agruss, JC AF Marter, Abigail Agruss, Janyce Cagan TI Pacifiers: An update on use and misuse SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; dummy; infants; infant equipment; nonnutritive sucking; otitis media; pacifier; pediatric dental health; premature infants; SIDS; sudden infant death ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; DUMMIES; TRIAL AB PURPOSE. The use of pacifiers is a controversial topic; this article looks at the subject from both a historical and cultural perspective, with a review of current research. CONCLUSIONS. The use of pacifiers in infants older than 1 month is currently recommended by multiple researchers to prevent sudden infant death syndrome, and is associated with other benefits for premature infants. However, pacifier use has also been associated with higher risk of otitis media. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Knowledge of the most recent evidence will enable providers to communicate appropriate guidelines on pacifier use to families. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Family Nurse Practitioner Program, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Marter, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM yabsam@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2007.00126.x PG 8 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 217YO UT WOS:000249983400007 PM 17956375 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Moody, NA Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, Kevin L. Moody, N. A. Feldman, D. W. Montgomery, E. J. O'Shea, P. G. TI Photoemission from metals and cesiated surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; WORK FUNCTION VARIATION; MEAN FREE PATHS; TUNGSTEN PHOTOCATHODES; PHOTOELECTRIC-EMISSION; THERMIONIC EMISSION; REFRACTORY METALS; EMITTANCE GROWTH; HOT-ELECTRONS; SCATTERING AB A model of photoemission from coated surfaces is significantly modified by first providing a better account of the electron scattering relaxation time that is used throughout the theory, and second by implementing a distribution function based approach ("Moments") to the emission probability. The latter allows for the evaluation of the emittance and brightness of the electron beam at the photocathode surface. Differences with the Fowler-Dubridge model are discussed. The impact of the scattering model and the Moments approach on the estimation of quantum efficiency from metal surfaces, either bare or partially covered with cesium, are compared to experiment. The estimation of emittance and brightness is made for typical conditions, and the derivation of their asymptotic limits is given. The adaptation of the models for beam simulation codes is briefly discussed. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 121 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 7 AR 074902 DI 10.1063/1.2786028 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 220HL UT WOS:000250147700147 ER PT J AU Duncan, SFM Hofmeister, E Bolognesi, M Stewart, R AF Duncan, Scott F. M. Hofmeister, Eric Bolognesi, Michael Stewart, Rena TI AOA-JOA traveling fellowship 2006: The fellows' travel log SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Duke Univ, So Hosp, Ctr Med, Dept Orthoped, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Alabama, Fac Off Tower, Div Orthopaed, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Duncan, SFM (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. EM duncan.scott@mayo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 89A IS 10 BP 2312 EP 2315 DI 10.2106/JBJS.G.00510 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 218MI UT WOS:000250019200030 PM 17908911 ER PT J AU Dillner, DK Ferrante, RF Fitzgerald, JP Heuer, WB Schroeder, MJ AF Dillner, Debra K. Ferrante, Robert F. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Heuer, William B. Schroeder, Maria J. TI Integrated laboratories: Crossing traditional boundaries SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dillner, DK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1706 EP 1711 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 210VL UT WOS:000249483600050 ER PT J AU Matson, ML Fitzgerald, JP Lin, S AF Matson, Michael L. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Lin, Shirley TI Creating customized, relevant, and engaging laboratory safety videos SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lin@usna.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1727 EP 1728 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 210VL UT WOS:000249483600054 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D AF Metzgar, David TI Are oropharyngeal swabs suitable as samples for Legionella-Specific PCR testing? Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM david.metzgar@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3482 EP 3483 DI 10.1128/JCM-01495-07 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 220KS UT WOS:000250156200067 ER PT J AU Dabulis, SA McGuirk, TD AF Dabulis, Stephanie A. McGuirk, Timothy D. TI An unusual case of hemoperitoneum: Uterine rupture at 9 weeks gestational age SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIOR CESAREAN-SECTION; PLACENTA-PERCRETA; UNSCARRED UTERUS; ABDOMINAL-PAIN; 2ND TRIMESTER; 1ST TRIMESTER; ACCRETA; PREGNANCY; PREVIA; THERAPY C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP McGuirk, TD (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.01.009 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 230OY UT WOS:000250887000012 PM 17976559 ER PT J AU Hong, C Asako, Y Turner, SE Faghri, M AF Hong, Chungpyo Asako, Yutaka Turner, Stephen E. Faghri, Mohammad TI Friction factor correlations for gas flow in slip flow regime SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; GASEOUS FLOWS; COMPRESSIBILITY; TUBE; MICROCHANNELS; REFRIGERATORS; RAREFACTION; SIMULATION; CHANNELS AB Poiseuille number, the product of friction factor and Reynolds number (fRe) for quasi-fully-developed gas microchannel flow in the slip flow regime, was obtained numerically based on the arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian method. Two-dimensional compressible momentum and energy equations were solved for a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers for constant wall temperatures that are lower or higher than the inlet temperature. The channel height ranges from 2 mu m to 10 mu m and the channel aspect ratio is 200. The stagnation pressure p,,g is chosen such that the exit Mach number ranges from 0.1 to 1.0. The outlet pressure is fixed at atmospheric conditon. Mach and Knudsen numbers are systematically varied to determine their effects on fRe. The correlation for fRe for the slip flow is obtained from that of fRe of no-slip flow and incompressible theory as a function of Mach and Knudsen numbers. The results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental measurements. It was found that fRe is a function of Mach and Knudsen numbers and is different from the values by 96/(l +12Kn) obtained from the incompressible flow theory. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Hong, C (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. EM cphong@comp.metro-u.ac.jp NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2007 VL 129 IS 10 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.1115/1.2776966 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 221RR UT WOS:000250245500003 ER PT J AU Tomaru, H Matsumoto, R Coffin, RB Pohlman, JW Spence, GD AF Tomaru, Hitoshi Matsumoto, Ryo Coffin, Richard B. Pohlman, John W. Spence, George D. TI Geochemical relation between gas hydrates and water venting in the seismic blanking zone on the northern Cascadia continental margin offshore Vancouver Island, Canada SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE gas hydrate; Cascadia continental margin; pore water; water isotopic composition ID BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTORS; METHANE HYDRATE; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; INTERSTITIAL WATER; FLUID EXPULSION; SYSTEM AB The isotopic composition (delta D) and delta O-18) and chloride concentration (Cl-) of pore waters from the northern Cascadia continental margin offshore Vancouver Island were measured to characterize the relations between the water flow regime and the distribution, formation and dissociation of gas hydrates. The delta D values of pore waters in gas hydrate-bearing sediments are slightly higher (similar to 1 parts per thousand) than those of seawater as the result of gas hydrate dissociation during core recovery and handling. Within the seismic blanking zone, the delta D values were slightly lower (similar to-1 parts per thousand) than values measured from sites outside the blanking area (0 parts per thousand). We attribute these differences to 1) distillation of D-rich water during hydrate formation in the center of the blanking zone and 2) limited migration of pore water between inside and outside of the blanking zone due to different fluid fluxes. In contrast, the delta O-18 values and Cl- concentrations do not show significant spatial variation due to decreased isotopic fractionation of oxygen and small fraction of chloride relative to hydrogen isotope during gas hydrate formation. The delta D value of pore water, therefore, appears to be a sensitive indicator of gas hydrate occurrence. We estimate that gas hydrate occupied at least 2.0 to 6.3% of sediment pore space using delta D distribution in this area. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Tomaru, H (reprint author), Kitami Inst Technol, New Energy Resources Res Ctr, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan. EM tomaru@mail.kitami-it.ac.jp NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-3 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.05.010 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 234RG UT WOS:000251180800005 ER PT J AU Stroup, SP Thoman, DS AF Stroup, Sean P. Thoman, David S. TI A naval surgeon's approach to the draining umbilicus SO JOURNAL OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC & ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Spontaneous umbilical drainage is an uncommon problem in the adult, for which various congenital or acquired conditions may be responsible. In this paper, we present 3 cases demonstrating an approach that avoids the need for expensive diagnostic imaging. A careful office exam and basic laparoscopic skills are all that is needed. A brief discussion and review of the literature follows. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Santa Barbara Cottage Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Stroup, SP (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM spstroup@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-6429 J9 J LAPAROENDOSC ADV S JI J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1089/lap.2006.0198 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 218TV UT WOS:000250038700012 PM 17907979 ER PT J AU Ortiz, D Abdelshehid, M Dalton, R Soltero, J Clark, R Hahn, M Lee, E Lightell, W Pregger, B Ogren, J Stoyanov, P Es-Said, OS AF Ortiz, D. Abdelshehid, M. Dalton, R. Soltero, J. Clark, R. Hahn, M. Lee, E. Lightell, W. Pregger, B. Ogren, J. Stoyanov, P. Es-Said, O. S. TI Effect of cold work on the tensile properties of 6061, 2024, and 7075 Al alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE Al alloys; mechanical properties; plastic strain; various tempers ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB \Aluminum alloys 6061, 2024, and 7075 were heat treated to various tempers and then subjected to a range of plastic strain (stretching) in order to determine their strain limits. Tensile properties, conductivity, hardness, and grain size measurements were evaluated. The effects of the plastic strain on these properties are discussed and strain limits are suggested. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Virginia Western Community Coll, Roanoke, VA 24038 USA. Air Combat Syst, Northrop Grumman, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Appl Sci Corp, NAVMAR, Lexington Pk, MD 20653 USA. RP Ortiz, D (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9074-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 211QK UT WOS:000249538200001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Technical structure of the global nanoscience and nanotechnology literature SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; nanomaterials; nanofabrication; nanodevices; nanosystems; text mining; citation analysis ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature. An extensive nanotechnology/nanoscience-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) databases. The nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature technical structure (taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document clustering and factor analysis. The infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) for each of the clusters generated by the document clustering algorithm was obtained using bibliometrics. Another novel addition was the use of phrase auto-correlation maps to show technical thrust areas based on phrase co-occurrence in Abstracts, and the use of phrase-phrase cross-correlation maps to show technical thrust areas based on phrase relations due to the sharing of common co-occurring phrases. The similar to 400 most cited nanotechnology papers since 1991 were grouped, and their characteristics generated. Whereas the main analysis provided technical thrusts of all nanotechnology papers retrieved, analysis of the most cited papers allowed their characteristics to be displayed. Finally, most cited papers from selected time periods were extracted, along with all publications from those time periods, and the institutions and countries were compared based on their representation in the most cited documents list relative to their representation in the most publications list. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 10 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 701 EP 724 DI 10.1007/s11051-007-9224-8 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 181YE UT WOS:000247471500001 ER PT J AU Collis, JM Siegmann, WL Collins, MD Simpson, HJ Soukup, RJ AF Collis, Jon M. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. Simpson, Harry J. Soukup, Raymond J. TI Comparison of simulations and data from a seismo-acoustic tank experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ROTATED PARABOLIC EQUATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; INVERSION; INTERFACE; BOTTOM; MODEL AB A tank experiment was carried out to investigate underwater sound propagation over an elastic bottom in flat and sloping configurations. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate range-dependent propagation models with high-quality experimental data. The sea floor was modeled as an elastic medium by a polyvinyl chloride slab. The relatively high rigidity of the slab requires accounting for shear waves in this environment. Acoustic measurements were obtained along virtual arrays in the water column using a robotic apparatus. Elastic parabolic equation solutions are in excellent agreement with data. (C) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collis, JM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jcollis@bu.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1987 EP 1993 DI 10.1121/1.2756968 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 218PI UT WOS:000250027000014 PM 17902835 ER PT J AU Wade, AL Dye, JL Mohrle, CR Galarneau, MR AF Wade, Amber L. Dye, Judy L. Mohrle, Charlene R. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Head, face, and neck injuries during Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results from the US Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE military; combat; head injury; Operation Iraqi Freedom ID SEVERITY SCORE; UNITED-STATES; BATTLEFIELD; CASUALTIES; MARCH; CARE AB Background: Head, face, and neck injuries (HFNIs) are an important source of combat mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to document the characteristics and causes of HFNIs during Operation Iraqi Freedom II. Methods: A retrospective review of HFNIs sustained by US military casualties between March 1, 2004 and September 30, 2004 was performed. Data were collected from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. Results: During the study period, 39% of all injury casualties in the registry had HFNIs. Of the 445 HFNI patients, one-third presented with multiple wounds to the head, face, and neck. Four percent of battle HFNI patients died from wounds, and nearly 40% of the surviving wounded were evacuated for treatment. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were the most frequent cause of battle HFNIs. Nonbattle HFNIs were most often the result of motor vehicle crashes. The majority (65%) of all HFNIs were to the face. Head injuries, overall, were more severe than face or neck wounds according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Conclusions: The proportion of combat-related HFNIs is increasing and is primarily caused by IEDs. Improved protection for the vulnerable facial region is needed. Continued research on the changing nature of warfare and distribution of HFNIs is necessary to enhance the planning and delivery of combat casualty medical care. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hlth Res & Appl Tech Div, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Miss, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galarneau, MR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Research Ctr, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM michael.galarneau@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000251453.54663.66 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 219XL UT WOS:000250121400019 PM 18090014 ER PT J AU Osburn, CL St-Jean, G AF Osburn, Christopher L. St-Jean, Gilles TI The use of wet chemical oxidation with high-amplification isotope ratio mass spectrometry (WCO-IRMS) to measure stable isotope values of dissolved organic carbon in seawater SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID DOC; OCEAN; MATTER; C-13; PERSULFATE; PEROXYDISULFATE; VARIABILITY; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; DIOXIDE AB Few measurements of the carbon stable isotope value (delta C-13) of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the largest pool of reduced carbon in the ocean, have been made because of analytical obstacles due to the interference of halides and the low amount of DOC in seawater. By using concentrated persulfate in a wet chemical oxidation organic carbon analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometry (WCO-IRMS) the analytical obstacles are overcome. Key to this method is reducing the persulfate blank and increasing the IRMS signal with larger amplifier gain resistors. After these simple modifications, a 2 mL sample provides enough signal to make precise measurements of DOC concentration and delta C-13 value on up to 15 samples per day. Sodium persulfate (1.68 mol L-1) is cleaned by pre-heating and sparging with ultrahigh purity helium. In the WCO analyzer, 6 mL cleaned persulfate is added to 2 mL sample at 98 C for 8.5 min to completely oxidize DOC to CO2. After quantitative measurement by nondispersive IR, the gases contained in the exhaust are swept through a cleanup reactor, separated by a GC column and introduced to the IRMS for delta C-13 measurement. Complete recovery of the DOC and delta C-13 values was confirmed with two DOC standards added individually to seawater. IRMS precision was confirmed by measuring a range of sea water samples. On several coastal water samples measured using this system, delta C-13-DOC values ranging from -22 parts per thousand to -25 parts per thousand. These results were consistent with published reports of seawater delta C-13-DOC using other methods. C1 [Osburn, Christopher L.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [St-Jean, Gilles] Univ Ottawa, Dept Sci Terre, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI St-Jean, Gilles/0000-0003-4751-4255; Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 5 BP 296 EP 308 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 240CL UT WOS:000251564500001 ER PT J AU Ashley, PR Temmen, MG Diffey, WM Sanghadasa, M Bramson, MD AF Ashley, P. R. Temmen, M. G. Diffey, W. M. Sanghadasa, M. Bramson, M. D. TI Development of components for IFOG-based inertial measurement units using polymer waveguide fabrication technologies SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY OCT, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE gyroscopes; electro-optic polymers; polymer waveguides; nonlinear optics; integrated optics; optical devices AB Active and passive polymer materials have been successfully used in the development of highly accurate, compact and low cost guided- wave components: an optical transceiver and a phase modulator, for inertial measurement units ( IMUs) based on the interferometric fibre optic gyroscope ( IFOG) technology for precision guidance in navigation systems. High performance and low noise transceivers with high optical power and good spectral quality were fabricated using a silicon- bench architecture. Low loss phase modulators with low halfwave drive voltage ( V-pi) have been fabricated with a backscatter compensated design using polarizing waveguides consisting of CLD- and FTC- type high performance electro-optic (E-O) chromophores. Gyro bias stability of less than 0.02 degrees h(-1) has been demonstrated with these guided- wave components. C1 US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. AEgis Technol Grp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. US Navy NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Ashley, PR (reprint author), US Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM Mohan.Sanghadasa@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 10 BP 3165 EP 3170 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/10/S18 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 217YB UT WOS:000249982100019 ER PT J AU Knipling, KE Dunand, DC Seidman, DN AF Knipling, Keith E. Dunand, David C. Seidman, David N. TI Nucleation and precipitation strengthening in dilute Al-Ti and Al-Zr alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-TITANIUM-ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; AGE-HARDENING PHENOMENA; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SC ALLOYS; NI ALLOY AB Two conventionally solidified Al-0.2Ti alloys (with 0.18 and 0.22 at. pct Ti) exhibit no hardening after aging up to 3200 hours at 375 degrees C or 425 degrees C. This is due to the absence of Al3Ti precipitation, as confirmed by electron microscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. By contrast, an Al-0.2Zr alloy (with 0.19 at. pct Zr) displays strong age hardening at both temperatures due to precipitation of Al3Zr (L1(2)) within Zr-enriched dendritic regions. This discrepancy between the two alloys is explained within the context of the equilibrium phase diagrams: (1) the disparity in solid and liquid solubilities of Ti in alpha-Al is much greater than that of Zr in alpha-Al; and (2) the relatively small liquid solubility of Ti in alpha-Al limits the amount of solute retained in solid solution during solidification, while the comparatively high solid solubility reduces the supersaturation effecting precipitation during post-solidification aging. The lattice parameter mismatch of Al3Ti (L1(2)) with alpha-Al is also larger than that of Al3Zr (L1(2)), further hindering nucleation of Al3Ti. Classical nucleation theory indicates that the minimum solute supersaturation required to overcome the elastic strain energy of Al3Ti nuclei cannot be obtained during conventional solidification of Al-Ti alloys (unlike for Al-Zr alloys), thus explaining the absence of Al3Ti precipitation and the presence of Al3Zr precipitation. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Ctr Atom Probe Tomograph, Evanston, IL USA. RP Knipling, KE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM knipling@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 85 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 37 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38A IS 10 BP 2552 EP 2563 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9283-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 220IL UT WOS:000250150300020 ER PT J AU Erickson, JS Hu, JE Anderson, GP Salls, AC Gray, SA Golden, JP Lin, B Ligler, FS AF Erickson, J. S. Hu, J. E. Anderson, G. P. Salls, A. C. Gray, S. A. Golden, J. P. Lin, B. Ligler, F. S. TI Automated module for hybridization and staining of commercially produced nucleic acid microarrays SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE microarray; hybridization; automated; diagnostics; portable ID DNA MICROARRAYS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; PATHOGENS; ARRAYS AB Nucleic acid microarrays are a rapidly expanding technology that enables the detection of pathogens at the genetic level. Currently, the processing of commercially produced microarrays requires cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming benchtop equipment, which is not practical for point-of-care diagnostic applications. We demonstrate a portable module that can perform the hybridization, wash, and stain steps required for processing a nucleic acid microarray; and it performs these steps in a timeline significantly shorter than the standard commercial protocol. This device is automated, has a small footprint, and serves as a replacement for two commercial pieces of benchtop equipment. Furthermore, our device is designed to serve as a module in a portable biosensor that performs automated sample preparation and nucleic acid amplification. Results with Affymetrix GeneChips show that our device performs as well as non-portable equipment specifically manufactured to process these microarrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22309 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1007/s10404-007-0155-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 208OM UT WOS:000249329100011 ER PT J AU Trent, LK Hilton, SM Melcer, T AF Trent, Linda K. Hilton, Susan M. Melcer, Ted TI Premilitary tobacco use by male Marine Corps recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NICOTINE-DEPENDENCE; SMOKING-CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; DRUG-USE; POPULATION; SMOKERS; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; INJURIES AB Recognizing both the medical and operational costs of tobacco use, the Department of Defense has made tobacco cessation a top health promotion priority. Military tobacco rates remain high, however, especially among younger personnel and, particularly, in the Marine Corps. Tobacco is prohibited during basic training, but relapse is common following boot camp graduation. The objective of this study was to determine patterns and prevalence of tobacco use among Marine Corps recruits before entering basic training. Over a period of 14 months, 15,689 graduating male recruits completed a survey of their preservice tobacco use. Approximately 81% reported having tried tobacco at least once and 57% were classified as at-risk users. Compared to their civilian peers, more recruits were daily users and many more used smokeless tobacco. Approximately 67% of users evidenced at least one indicator of dependence. There is a clear need for additional tobacco cessation efforts to target this high-risk population. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Field Med Technol Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trent, LK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 172 IS 10 BP 1077 EP 1083 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 221UE UT WOS:000250252000014 PM 17985769 ER PT J AU Pons, T Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE Higashiya, S Grimes, AF English, DS Mattoussi, H AF Pons, Thomas Medintz, Igor L. Sapsford, Kim E. Higashiya, Seiichiro Grimes, Amy F. English, Doug S. Mattoussi, Hedi TI On the quenching of semiconductor quantum dot photoluminescence by proximal gold nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; EMISSION; METAL; FRET; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES; POLYPEPTIDES; NANOCRYSTALS; ASSEMBLIES; CHEMISTRY AB Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) were proven to be very effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors with an array of organic dye acceptors, and several fluorescence resonance energy transfer based biosensing assemblies utilizing QDs have been demonstrated in the past few years. Conversely, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are known for their capacity to induce strong fluorescence quenching of conventional dye donors. Using a rigid variable-length polypeptide as a bifunctional biological linker, we monitor the photoluminescence quenching of CdSe-ZnS QDs by Au-NP acceptors arrayed around the QD surface, where the center-to-center separation distance was varied over a broad range of values (similar to 50-200 angstrom). We measure the Au-NP-induced quenching rates for such OD conjugates using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements and examine the results within the context of theoretical treatments based on the Forster dipole-dipole resonance energy transfer, dipole-metal particle energy transfer, and nanosurface energy transfer. Our results indicate that nonradiative quenching of the OD emission by proximal Au-NPs is due to long-distance dipole-metal interactions that extend significantly beyond the classical Forster range, in agreement with previous studies using organic dye-Au-NP donor-acceptor pairs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedi.mattoussi@nrl.navy.mil RI Pons, Thomas/A-8667-2008; English, Douglas/B-9382-2009 OI Pons, Thomas/0000-0001-8800-4302; NR 47 TC 345 Z9 351 U1 20 U2 237 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3157 EP 3164 DI 10.1021/nl071729+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 220FU UT WOS:000250143400039 PM 17845066 ER PT J AU Binning, M Klimo, P Gluf, W Goumnerova, L AF Binning, Mandy Klimo, Paul, Jr. Gluf, Wayne Goumnerova, Liliana TI Spinal tumors in children SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID ANEURYSMAL BONE-CYST; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PRIMARY EWINGS-SARCOMA; NON-HODGKIN-LYMPHOMA; PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; CORD TUMORS; EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA; OSTEOID OSTEOMA AB Pediatric spine tumors encompass a diverse group of pathologic diagnoses that differ markedly based on the location and age of the child. Children can be affected by primary and metastatic tumors, making the differential diagnosis and treatment options extensive. This article discusses the features of spinal tumors in children based primarily on location: extradural, intradural-extramedullary, and intramedullary tumors. Because this article deals with such a broad topic, detailed descriptions and outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical treatments for each particular tumor are limited. Rather, the key clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of each tumor are discussed. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Neurosurg, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. SGOS SGCXN, Med Grp 88, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Goumnerova, L (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Bader 3,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM liliana.goumnerova@tch.harvard.edu NR 215 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 631 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nec.2007.07.001 PG 29 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 237HO UT WOS:000251365000006 PM 17991588 ER PT J AU Sangster, TC McCrory, RL Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Loucks, SJ McKenty, PW Meyerhofer, DD Skupsky, S Yaakobi, B MacGowan, BJ Atherton, LJ Hammel, BA Lindl, JD Moses, EI Porter, JL Cuneo, ME Matzen, MK Barnes, CW Fernandez, JC Wilson, DC Kilkenny, JD Bernat, TP Nikroo, A Logan, BG Yu, S Petrasso, RD Sethian, JD Obenschain, S AF Sangster, T. C. McCrory, R. L. Goncharov, V. N. Harding, D. R. Loucks, S. J. McKenty, P. W. Meyerhofer, D. D. Skupsky, S. Yaakobi, B. MacGowan, B. J. Atherton, L. J. Hammel, B. A. Lindl, J. D. Moses, E. I. Porter, J. L. Cuneo, M. E. Matzen, M. K. Barnes, C. W. Fernandez, J. C. Wilson, D. C. Kilkenny, J. D. Bernat, T. P. Nikroo, A. Logan, B. G. Yu, S. Petrasso, R. D. Sethian, J. D. Obenschain, S. TI Overview of inertial fusion research in the United States SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 16-21, 2006 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IAEA, SW Inst Phys, Chengdu Municipal Govt ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; PINCH-DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; DRY WALL CHAMBERS; LASER FUSION; CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; ICF CAPSULE; TARGETS; ENERGY; OMEGA; REACTOR AB The inertial confinement fusion (ICF) programme, the high-average-power lasers (HAPL) programme, and the heavy ion fusion (HIF) programme are making long-term investments to establish the scientific and technical basis for an economically and environmentally attractive fusion power source. In the near term, the National Ignition Campaign is expected to establish the scientific and technical basis for ignition and gain on the National Ignition Facility. The results of these experiments and the implications for target design will be incorporated into the long-term efforts to develop a viable power-plant concept including target production, chamber dynamics and driver. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawerence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sangster, TC (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM csan@l1e.rochester.edu RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011; Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Barnes, Cris/0000-0002-3347-0741 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2007 VL 47 IS 10 BP S686 EP S695 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/10/S17 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 226SZ UT WOS:000250610100018 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Swingen, L Murphy, J Ferraro, M Burris, HR Moore, CI Suite, M Gilbreath, GC Binari, S Klotzkin, D AF Rabinovich, William S. Goetz, Peter G. Mahon, Rita Swingen, Lee Murphy, James Ferraro, Michael Burris, H. Ray, Jr. Moore, Christopher I. Suite, Michelle Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Binari, Steven Klotzkin, David TI 45-Mbit/s cat's-eye modulating retroreflectors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE modulating retroreflector; retromodulator; free-space optical communication; quantum-well modulator; cat's-eye ID SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS; COMMUNICATION LINK; MU-M; SYSTEM; TRANSMISSION; REFLECTOR; NETWORKS AB Modulating retroreflectors (MRRs) couple passive optical retroreflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing-acquisition-tracking system required on only one end of the link. Recently, MRR using multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated using a large-area MQW placed in front of the aperture of a corner cube. For a MQW modulator, the maximum modulation rate can range into the gigahertz, limited only by the RC time constant of the device. Most MRR systems have used corner-cube retroreflectors with apertures of about 1 cm, which require large, and hence high-capacitance, modulators. Thus data rates exceeding a few megabits per second are not possible. We describe a new kind of MQW MRR that uses a cat's-eye retroreflector with the MQW in the focal plane of the cat's-eye. This system decouples the size of the modulator from the size of the optical aperture and allows much higher data rates. A 45-Mbit/s free space link over a range of 7 km is demonstrated. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Rabinovich, William S.; Goetz, Peter G.; Mahon, Rita; Swingen, Lee; Murphy, James; Ferraro, Michael; Burris, H. Ray, Jr.; Moore, Christopher I.; Suite, Michelle; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine; Binari, Steven] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Klotzkin, David] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Rabinovich@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 AR 104001 DI 10.1117/1.2789634 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 239WO UT WOS:000251549200015 ER PT J AU Kanaev, AV Ackerman, JR Fleet, EF Scribner, DA AF Kanaev, A. V. Ackerman, J. R. Fleet, E. F. Scribner, D. A. TI TOMBO sensor with scene-independent superresolution processing SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN OBSERVATION MODULE; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; BOUND OPTICS; PERFORMANCE AB One approach to flat sensor design is to use a lenslet array to form multiple subimages of a scene and then combine the subimages to recover a fully sampled image by using a superresolution algorithm. Previously, superresolution image assembly has been based on information derived from the observed scene. For lenslet arrays, we propose a new scene-independent approach based only on known imager properties in which relative subimage shifts are accurately estimated with a calibration procedure using point source imaging. Thus, the relative resolution enhancement provided by the scene-independent superresolution algorithm is impervious to changes in subimage content, contrast, sharpness, and noise. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM avkanaev@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Fleet, Erin/E-8943-2013 NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 19 BP 2855 EP 2857 DI 10.1364/OL.32.002855 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 225EM UT WOS:000250499900030 PM 17909596 ER PT J AU Menteer, J Woo, MS So, JD Lewis, AB AF Menteer, J. Woo, M. S. So, J. D. Lewis, A. B. TI Symptoms of dysautonomia, sleep disturbance, and abnormal cognition in pediatric heart failure SO PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart failure; autonomic nervous system; sleep apnea ID CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION; CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; APNEA; IMPAIRMENT; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION; MEN AB Sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and abnormal cognition are important comorbidities in adult patients with heart failure and are associated with disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. The clinical incidence of these conditions is unknown in children with heart failure. We sought to determine the incidence of symptoms that may be attributable to autonomic dysfunction among children with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy seen at our institution between 1999 and 2005. We reviewed charts for symptoms of dysautonomia, sleep problems, or abnormal cognition. From the records of 204 pediatric patients, we identified 69 patients aged 7-18 years with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Of these, 55 (80%) had symptoms attributable to dysautonomia, 20 (29%) had evidence of sleep disturbance, and 3 (4%) had abnormal cognition. Dysautonomia and sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with heart failure, congruent with studies of adult patients. Based on our data, it is not possible to draw conclusions about any cognitive deficits in this population. Because relatively few subjects' charts explored symptoms of sleep disturbance, we speculate that sleep symptoms may be underappreciated. C1 Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Cardiol, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Pulm Med, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Menteer, J (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Cardiol, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. EM jmenteer@chla.usc.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-0643 J9 PEDIATR CARDIOL JI Pediatr. Cardiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s00246-006-0017-0 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pediatrics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pediatrics GA 211DJ UT WOS:000249504200009 PM 17657526 ER PT J AU Chantler, CT Laming, JM Dietrich, DD Hallett, WA McDonald, R Silver, JD AF Chantler, C. T. Laming, J. M. Dietrich, D. D. Hallett, W. A. McDonald, R. Silver, J. D. TI Hydrogenic Lamb shift in iron Fe(25+) and fine-structure Lamb shift SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-IRRADIATION; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; PHOTOGRAPHIC RESPONSE; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; ENERGY-LEVELS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; BRAGG GEOMETRY; BENT CRYSTALS; FORM-FACTORS AB 1s-2p Lyman alpha transitions in hydrogenic iron Fe(25+) have been observed from a beam-foil source in fourth-order diffraction off ADP 101 and PET 002 crystals, simultaneously with the n=2 to n=4 Balmer beta transitions diffracted in first order. Calibration of the local dispersion relation of the spectrometer using Balmer beta lines provides measurements of Lyman alpha wavelengths. The approach of fitting the full two-dimensional dispersion relation, including other members of Balmer and Lyman series, limits random and systematic correlation of parameters, and reveals a major systematic due to dynamical diffraction depth penetration into a curved crystal. The development of a theory of x-ray diffraction from mosaic crystals was necessary for the accurate interpretation of the experimental data. Photographic theory was also developed in the process of this research. Several systematics are discussed and quantified for the first time for these medium-Z QED comparisons. 2s-1s and 4f-2p satellites are explicitly investigated, and a dominant systematic is uncovered, which is due to the variable location of spectral emission downstream of the beam-foil target. 1s-2p(3/2), 1s-2p(1/2) iron Lamb shifts are measured to be 35 376 +/- 1900 cm(-1) and 35 953 +/- 1800 cm(-1). These agree with but lie higher than theory. This represents a 5.7% measurement of the hydrogenic 1s-2p(1/2) Lamb shift in iron. The technique also reports the iron 2p(3/2)-2p(1/2) fine structure as 171 108 cm(-1)+/- 180 cm(-1), which represents a 51% measurement of the hydrogenic iron fine-structure Lamb shift, and reports measurements of secondary lines. C1 [Chantler, C. T.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dietrich, D. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hallett, W. A.] Hammersmith Hosp, Imperial Coll, GSK Clin Imaging Ctr, London, England. [McDonald, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. [Silver, J. D.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Chantler, CT (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM chantler@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048 NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 042116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.042116 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 226WR UT WOS:000250619700032 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Silsbee, RH AF Johnson, Mark Silsbee, R. H. TI Calculation of nonlocal baseline resistance in a quasi-one-dimensional wire SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DETECTION; SPIN-VALVES; CHARGE; INJECTION AB Recent spin transport measurements on quasi-one-dimensional wire samples employ a nonlocal geometry. When current is injected at the center of a wire which is grounded at the left end, the portion of the wire to the right of the injector is approximated as having a uniform potential. A voltage measurement between two points on this portion gives a null result. This geometry is useful for studies of spin injection because a spin-sensitive electrode can detect a spin dependent electrochemical potential variation associated with nonequilibrium spin accumulation while contribution from any Ohmic resistance is eliminated. In any real experiment, however, the sample may deviate from the ideal geometry and a small baseline resistance may result. Accurate knowledge of the true baseline is important for the correct interpretation of spin transport experiments. An analytic solution for this nonlocal baseline resistance is found for nonideal injection or detection. The general solution is reduced to a specific case of interest, point injection and detection at the edges of the wire, a result which is compared with experiment. C1 [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Silsbee, R. H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 15 AR 153107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.153107 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 226WY UT WOS:000250620400007 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, I. I. TI Ab initio investigation of magnetic interactions in the frustrated triangular magnet NiGa(2)S(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Triangular-layered NiGa(2)S(4), contrary to intuitive expectation, does not form a noncollinear antiferromagnetic structure, as do isoelectronic NaCrO(2) and LiCrO(2). Instead, the local magnetic moments remain disordered down to the lowest measured temperature. To get more insight into this phenomenon, we have performed first principles calculations of the first, second, and third neighbors exchange interactions, and found that the second neighbor exchange is negligible, while the first and the third neighbor exchanges are comparable and antiferromagnetic. Both are rapidly suppressed by the on-site Hubbard repulsion. C1 [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 14 AR 140406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.140406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 226WX UT WOS:000250620300010 ER PT J AU Nixon, LW Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Nixon, Lane W. Papaconstantopoulos, D. A. Mehl, Michael J. TI Calculations of the superconducting properties of scandium under high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALS; SC AB In recent years the number of elements in the periodic table that become superconductors under pressure has increased to the point that this is no longer considered a rare phenomenon. Recent experiments suggest that scandium reaches a superconducting temperature of 9 K at a pressure of 74 GPa. Using the results of self-consistent band theory calculations, the McMillan theory, and the rigid-muffin-tin approximation, we have calculated the electron-phonon coupling and T(c) for scandium, in good agreement with experiment. C1 [Nixon, Lane W.; Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.; Mehl, Michael J.] Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nixon, LW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 13 AR 134512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.134512 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 226WS UT WOS:000250619800091 ER PT J AU Oktem, Y Balabanski, DL Akkus, B Beausang, W Bostan, M Cakirli, RB Casten, RF Danchev, M Djongolov, M Erduran, MN Erturk, S Gladniski, KA Gurdal, G Goon, JT Hartley, DJ Hecht, AA Krucken, R Nikolov, N Novak, JR Rainovski, G Riedinger, LL Yigitoglu, I Zamfir, NV Zeidan, O AF Oktem, Y. Balabanski, D. L. Akkus, B. Beausang, W. Bostan, M. Cakirli, R. B. Casten, R. F. Danchev, M. Djongolov, M. Erduran, M. N. Erturk, S. Gladniski, K. A. Gurdal, G. Goon, J. Tm. Hartley, D. J. Hecht, A. A. Krucken, R. Nikolov, N. Novak, J. R. Rainovski, G. Riedinger, L. L. Yigitoglu, I. Zamfir, N. V. Zeidan, O. TI High-spin states in (191,193)Au and (192)Pt: Evidence for oblate deformation and triaxial shapes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC ROTOR DESCRIPTIONS; NUCLEAR SHAPES; PARITY STATES; AU-189; PARTICLE; COEXISTENCE; MOMENTS; MODEL; TRANSITION; ISOTOPES AB High-spin states of (191,193)Au and (192)Pt have been populated in the (186)W((11)B, xn) and (186)W((11)B, p4n) reactions, respectively, at a beam energy of 68 MeV and their gamma decay was studied using the YRAST Ball detector array at the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Yale University. The level scheme of (193)Au has been extended up to I(pi)=55/2(+). New transitions were observed also in (191)Au and (192)Pt. Particle-plus-Triaxial-Rotor (PTR) and Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations were performed to determine the equilibrium deformations of the Au isotopes. The predictions for oblate deformations in these nuclei are in agreement with the experimental data. Development of nonaxial shapes is discussed within the framework of the PTR model. C1 [Oktem, Y.; Akkus, B.; Bostan, M.; Cakirli, R. B.; Erduran, M. N.] Univ Istanbul, Dept Phys, TR-34459 Istanbul, Turkey. [Balabanski, D. L.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Beausang, W.; Casten, R. F.; Hecht, A. A.; Krucken, R.; Novak, J. R.; Zamfir, N. V.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Beausang, W.] Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Danchev, M.; Djongolov, M.; Hartley, D. J.; Nikolov, N.; Riedinger, L. L.; Zeidan, O.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Erturk, S.] Nigde Univ, Dept Phys, TR-51200 Nigde, Turkey. [Gladniski, K. A.; Nikolov, N.; Rainovski, G.] St Kliment Ohridski Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Gurdal, G.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Goon, J. Tm.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hartley, D. J.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hecht, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yigitoglu, I.] Istanbul Univ, Hasan Ali Yucel Fac Educ, TR-34470 Istanbul, Turkey. [Zamfir, N. V.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. RP Oktem, Y (reprint author), Univ Istanbul, Dept Phys, TR-34459 Istanbul, Turkey. RI Gladnishki, Kalin/A-6462-2009; Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 044315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.044315 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 226XD UT WOS:000250620900030 ER PT J AU Tsigutkin, K Doron, R Stambulchik, E Bernshtam, V Maron, Y Fruchtman, A Commisso, RJ AF Tsigutkin, K. Doron, R. Stambulchik, E. Bernshtam, V. Maron, Y. Fruchtman, A. Commisso, R. J. TI Electric fields in plasmas under pulsed currents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; OPENING SWITCH; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ION-DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; PENETRATION; HELIUM; ATOMS; LINES; LII AB Electric fields in a plasma that conducts a high-current pulse are measured as a function of time and space. The experiment is performed using a coaxial configuration, in which a current rising to 160 kA in 100 ns is conducted through a plasma that prefills the region between two coaxial electrodes. The electric field is determined using laser spectroscopy and line-shape analysis. Plasma doping allows for three-dimensional spatially resolved measurements. The measured peak magnitude and propagation velocity of the electric field is found to match those of the Hall electric field, inferred from the magnetic-field front propagation measured previously. C1 [Tsigutkin, K.; Doron, R.; Stambulchik, E.; Bernshtam, V.; Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Fruchtman, A.] Holon Inst Technol, Sci Dept, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. [Commisso, R. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsigutkin, K (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tsigutkin@berkeley.edu RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 046401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.046401 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 226XP UT WOS:000250622100071 PM 17995116 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Wang, Hongyun TI Elongational perturbations on nematic liquid crystal polymers under a weak shear SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR KINETIC-EQUATION; RIGID-ROD MODEL; SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; RODLIKE POLYMERS; STEADY-STATES; BIFURCATION-ANALYSIS; MONODOMAIN RESPONSE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FLOW AB The two-dimensional Smoluchowski equation is employed to study the effect of elongational perturbations on nematic liquid crystal polymers under a weak shear. We use the multiscale asymptotic analysis to show that (1) when the elongational perturbation is small relative to the weak shear, the orientational probability density function (pdf) tumbles periodically only in an intermediate range of polymer concentration; outside this intermediate range (i.e., for very small and very large polymer concentration) the orientational pdf converges to a steady state and there is no tumbling. (2) When the elongational perturbation is about 20% of the shear rate or larger, the intermediate range of tumbling disappears and the orientational pdf always converges to a steady state regardless of the polymer concentration. Our theoretical predictions are consistent with various earlier results based on the Leslie - Ericksen theory [C. V. Chaubal and L. G. Leal, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 82, 22 (1999)] or analogous 3D numerical simulations (M. G. Forest, R. Zhou, and Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 088301 (2004); M. G. Forest, Q. Wang, R. Zhou, and E. Choate, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 118, 17 (2004)]. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 10 AR 103107 DI 10.1063/1.2794002 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 226LC UT WOS:000250589600025 ER PT J AU Easton, RL AF Easton, Roger L. TI Global navigation flies high SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM easton@nest.nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD OCT PY 2007 VL 20 IS 10 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 221VQ UT WOS:000250255900036 ER PT J AU Miller, HI Henderson, DR AF Miller, Henry I. Henderson, David R. TI The FDA's risky risk-aversion SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Miller, HI (reprint author), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HOOVER INST PI STANFORD PA STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305-601 USA SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 IS 145 BP 3 EP 27 PG 25 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 222JQ UT WOS:000250292800001 ER PT J AU Hong, XD Hodur, RM Martin, PJ AF Hong, Xiaodong Hodur, Richard M. Martin, Paul J. TI Numerical simulation of deep-water convection in the Gulf of Lion SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE deep-water convection; Gulf of Lion; COAMPS; NCOM ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRECONDITIONING PHASE; MEDOC 1969; WINTER AB The unsteady-state process of deep-water convection in the Gulf of Lion has been observed and investigated in recent decades. However, the mechanisms of the uncertainty and irregularity of the deep-water convection in this region have not yet been fully understood. In this study, the effects of time variation of the surface buoyancy flux on the formation of the deep-water convection are examined. Numerical simulations using the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R)) with the NRL Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) as an oceanic component were conducted for the period from October 1998 to September 2000 to cover two winters, 1998-1999 and 1999-2000, over the Gulf of Lion region. The results show large differences in the deep-water convection between the two winters, even though the total surface heat fluxes during the two winter seasons are similar. The differences are related to the time variation of the surface buoyancy flux that causes large differences in the preconditioning and mixing stages of the convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hong, XD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 164 IS 10 BP 2101 EP 2116 DI 10.1007/s00024-007-0261-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217MN UT WOS:000249952100013 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Majumdar, SJ AF Hodyss, Daniel Majumdar, Sharanya J. TI The contamination of 'data impact' in global models by rapidly growing mesoscale instabilities SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE signal propagation; mesoscale predictability; THORPEX ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITATION EVENT; SINGULAR VECTORS; PREDICTABILITY; ENSEMBLE; CONVECTION; NCEP AB This paper illustrates a caveat in the 'data impact' method, in which the influence of assimilating a specific set of observations on a numerical weather forecast is evaluated. The 'signal' of data impact is defined as the difference between two forecasts, which are identical except that one forecast withholds the data in question from the assimilation. While it is anticipated that a coherent signal from observations in the midiatitude storm track is propagated dynamically by a forecast model from the vicinity of the observation locations, the reality is that the signal may become contaminated by initially small instabilities in dynamically unrelated locations. The initial signal may be non-zero in these remote locations due to small differences between the two analyses arising from truncation errors in the data assimilation scheme and/or the model's truncated spectral basis. The notion that the dynamical signal is contaminated is corroborated by assessing the data impact in the Northern Hemisphere of one rawinsonde released over Antarctica. After just a few hours, an amplifying signal manifests itself in convective areas in the Tropics, and even in locations along the midlatitude storm track where moist instabilities exist. Rapid growth and upscale evolution from the mesoscale to synoptic scales is evident. We find that the evaluation of the efficacy of a given set of observations on weather forecasts of more than two days may be compromised by initially small instabilities, particularly for spectral models and data assimilation schemes. The effective time is expected to be shorter in the Tropics. Copyright (C) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 628 BP 1865 EP 1875 DI 10.1002/qj.157 PN A PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 238EF UT WOS:000251429400019 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD Ma, J Wu, DL Broutman, D AF Eckermann, Stephen D. Ma, Jun Wu, Dong L. Broutman, Dave TI A three-dimensional mountain wave imaged in satellite radiance throughout the stratosphere: Evidence of the effects of directional wind shear SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiance imagery; AMSU-A; AIRS; directional wind shear; asymptotic wake ID AMSU-A RADIANCES; SOLVE/THESEO 2000 CAMPAIGN; ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION AB Swath-scanned thermal radiances from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units (AMSU-A) on the NOAA and Aqua satellites are used to image the horizontal temperature structure of a long-wavelength mountain wave that formed over southern Scandinavia on 14 January 2003. Data from all six stratospheric channels show this wave propagating through the full depth of the stratosphere. In channels 9-11 (attitudes similar to 20-90 hPa) the imaged wave has a phase structure broadly consistent with a stationary wave radiated by the southeastward flow over and above the quasi-elliptical terrain of southern Norway. Channel 12 radiances at similar to 10 hPa, however, show a remarkable abrupt change in imaged wave structure: the horizontal wavelength contracts, phase lines rotate anticlockwise by 30 degrees-40 degrees, and peak activity migrates to the south to lie over Denmark and northern Germany. Similar structure persists in channels 13 and 14 (at similar to 2-5 hPa) with progessively increasing radiance amplitudes. These features are stable over the similar to 10 hours of AMSU-A measurements from five separate overpasses, and are validated against independent radiances acquired by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and retrieved AIRS/AMSU-A temperature profiles from the Aqua overpass. This change at the channel 11/12 interface coincides with an onset of anticlockwise rotation (backing) and intensification of background stratospheric winds with height. Fourier-ray and spatial ray modelling incorporating these directionally sheared winds and simplified orographic forcing reproduce the salient features of the observations, but only after wave-induced temperature perturbations have been converted to channel radiances using a forward model. The differential visibility of various components of this three-dimensional mountain wave to the AMSU-A channel weighting functions has a first-order impact on the observations at heights above 10 hPa. Once that is factored in, the combined observations and modelling provide direct experimental support for the Shutts model's predictions of how backing wind vectors affect the vertical evolution of three-dimensional mountain waves. Implications of these observations for orographic gravity wave drag parametrization are briefly discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Eckermann, Stephen D.] USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ma, Jun; Broutman, Dave] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Wu, Dong L.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil RI Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 NR 79 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 629 BP 1959 EP 1975 DI 10.1002/qj.187 PN B PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255BP UT WOS:000252632000005 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Hodyss, D AF Bishop, Craig H. Hodyss, Daniel TI Flow-adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble-based data assimilation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE covariance localization; local ensemble Kalman filter; smoother ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL AB Many ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) schemes reduce the effect of spurious ensemble correlations caused by small ensemble size by multiplying the correlations by mode ration functions. Moderation functions envelop true error correlation functions. Ideal moderation functions would adapt to variations in the movement and width of true error correlation functions. Here, we describe a new method in which flow-dependent moderation functions are built from powers of smoothed ensemble correlations. The approach imparts to the moderation function movement and width information retained by the smoothed ensemble correlations. Spurious smoothed ensemble correlations are attenuated by raising them to a power. Simple systems were used to compare DA performance using such Smoothed ENsemble COrrelations Raised to a Power (SENCORP) moderation functions against DA performance using optimally tuned but non-adaptive moderation functions. The simple systems considered feature propagating error correlation functions and error correlation functions with variable width. It was found that when significant spatio-temporal variations in the true error correlation function are present, SENCORP moderation functions are superior to non-adaptive moderation functions. In the absence of spatio-temporal variations, the DA performance of SENCORP moderation functions was found to be statistically indistinguishable from the DA performance of non-adaptive moderation functions. An example using a primitive equation global model is given to illustrate how the method could be used to improve the performance of a local ensemble Kalman filter/smoother, particularly when larger observation volumes are used, to better account for error propagation and/or observations that represent vertically averaged variables. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bishop, Craig H.; Hodyss, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 702,Room 212, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bishop@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 26 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 629 BP 2029 EP 2044 DI 10.1002/qj.169 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255BP UT WOS:000252632000009 ER PT J AU Sundaresan, SG Murthy, M Rao, MV Schreifels, JA Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Freitas, JA Gomar-Nadal, E Vispute, RD Tian, YL AF Sundaresan, Siddarth G. Murthy, Madhu Rao, Mulpuri V. Schreifels, John A. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Holm, R. T. Henry, R. L. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Gomar-Nadal, Elba Vispute, R. D. Tian, Yong-Lai TI Characteristics of in situ Mg-doped GaN epilayers subjected to ultra-high-temperature microwave annealing using protective caps SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; IMPLANTATION; DEFECTS; FILMS AB Different protective caps (AlN, MgO, graphite) are investigated for their feasibility for protecting GaN surfaces during ultra-high-temperature (> 1300 degrees C) microwave annealing. Compared to other capping materials, pulsed-laser-deposited AlN is found to protect the GaN surface more effectively, during ultra-fast microwave annealing at temperatures as high as 1500 degrees C. The RMS surface roughness (0.6 nm) of the GaN sample annealed at 1500 degrees C with an AlN cap in place is similar to the value (0.3 nm) measured on the as-grown sample. The photoluminescence and electrical measurements have indicated a decrease in the compensating deep donor concentration for the increasing microwave annealing temperature, as long as the surface integrity of the GaN epilayer is preserved. These results indicate the attractiveness of the AlN cap for microwave annealing of ion-implanted GaN. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. LT Technol, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Sundaresan, SG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ssundare@gmu.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/10/012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 214RO UT WOS:000249756000012 ER PT J AU Martin, M Crain, M Walsh, K McGill, RA Houser, E Stepnowski, J Stepnowski, S Wu, HD Ross, S AF Martin, Michael Crain, Mark Walsh, Kevin McGill, R. Andrew Houser, Eric Stepnowski, Jennifer Stepnowski, Stanley Wu, Huey-Daw Ross, Stuart TI Microfabricated vapor preconcentrator for portable ion mobility spectroscopy SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE preconcentrator; explosives detection; microheater; micro-hotplate; vapor preconcentrator; ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) ID SPECTROMETRY; FOCUSER AB This paper reports on the design, simulation, fabrication and performance of 6.65 mm x 6.65 rum micromachined vapor preconcentrator devices. The devices are composed of sorbent-coated dual serpentine platinum heaters supported by a 6 mu m thick layer of polyimide suspended over a silicon frame. The preconcentrators are designed to allow analyte flow normal to the surface through a 10 x 23 array of 375 mu m x 125 mu m perforations in the polyimide heater support. This facilitates relatively large airflow through the device while providing intimate contact with the sorbent layer with low pressure drop. In preliminary experiments, the device is demonstrated by interfacing to the front end of a commercial ion mobility spectrometer for trace explosives detection. Samples of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene from a NESTT (non-hazardous explosives for security training and testing) source were collected on the preconcentrator for 15 min at a concentration adjusted to be just above the detector's noise floor. The results show at least an order of magnitude signal enhancement. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Dstl, Salisbury, Wilts, England. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM michael.martin@louisville.edu NR 14 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 2 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.03.040 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 220SZ UT WOS:000250178900015 ER PT J AU Silva, AVR Share, GH Murphy, RJ Costa, JER de Castro, CGG Raulin, JP Kaufmann, P AF Silva, Adriana V. R. Share, G. H. Murphy, R. J. Costa, J. E. R. de Castro, C. G. Gimenez Raulin, J. -P. Kaufmann, P. TI Evidence that synchrotron emission from nonthermal electrons produces the increasing submillimeter spectral component in solar flares SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sun : solar flares; sun : synchrotron radiation; sun : positrons ID HARD X-RAYS; GYROSYNCHROTRON EMISSION; GAMMA-RAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; TERAHERTZ RANGE; IMPULSIVE PHASE; BURST EMISSION; ENERGY; MICROWAVE; RADIO AB We investigate the origin of the increasing spectra observed at submillimeter wavelengths detected in the flare on 2 November 2003 starting at 17:17 UT. This flare, classified as an X8.3 and 2B event, was simultaneously detected by RHESSI and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST) at 212 and 405 GHz. Comparison of the time profiles at various wavelengths shows that the submillimeter emission resembles that of the high-energy X rays observed by RHESSI whereas the microwaves observed by the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) resemble that of similar to 50 keV X rays. Moreover, the centroid position of the submillimeter radiation is seen to originate within the same flaring loops of the ultraviolet and X-ray sources. Nevertheless, the submillimeter spectra are distinct from the usual microwave spectra, appearing to be a distinct spectral component with peak frequency in the THz range. Three possibilities to explain this increasing radio spectra are discussed: (1) gyrosynchrotron radiation from accelerated electrons, (2) bremsstrahlung from thermal electrons, and (3) gyrosynchrotron emission from the positrons produced by pion or radioactive decay after nuclear interactions. The latter possibility is ruled out on the grounds that to explain the submillimeter observations requires 3000 to 2x10(5) more positrons than what is inferred from X-ray and gamma-ray observations. It is possible to model the emission as thermal; however, such sources would produce too much flux in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths. Nevertheless we are able to explain both spectral components at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths by gyrosynchrotron emission from the same population of accelerated electrons that emit hard X rays and gamma rays. We find that the same 5x10(35) electrons inferred from RHESSI observations are responsible for the compact submillimeter source (0.5 arcsec in radius) in a region of 4500 G low in the atmosphere, and for the traditional microwave spectral component by a more extended source (50 arcsec) in a 480 G magnetic field located higher up in the loops. The extreme values in magnetic field and source size required to account for the submillimeter emission can be relaxed if anisotropy and transport of the electrons are taken into account. C1 Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, CRAAM, BR-01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INPE, DAS, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, CCS, BR-01398397 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Silva, AVR (reprint author), Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, CRAAM, Rua Consolacao 896, BR-01302 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM asilva@craam.mackenzie.br RI Costa, Joaquim/G-3840-2012; Valio, Adriana/I-2531-2012; Gimenez de Castro, Carlos Guillermo/I-4367-2016; OI Valio, Adriana/0000-0002-1671-8370; Gimenez de Castro, Carlos Guillermo/0000-0002-8979-3582; Costa, Joaquim/0000-0002-0703-4735 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 245 IS 2 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9044-0 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239AQ UT WOS:000251490400007 ER PT J AU Dew, N Read, S AF Dew, Nicholas Read, Stuart TI The more we get together: Coordinating network externality product introduction in the RFID industry SO TECHNOVATION LA English DT Article DE network externalities; coordination; standardization; common knowledge; focal points; leadership; radio frequency identification (RFID) ID MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE; MARKET; ADOPTION; TECHNOLOGIES; INFORMATION; INNOVATIONS; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; STANDARDIZATION; COMPATIBILITY AB How organizations attempt to coordinate with one another in markets increasingly marked by network externalities is an emerging topic of interest for researchers working in the traditions of innovation studies and new product development. New network externality products often face complex "chicken-and-egg" coordination problems, since the user base and complementary goods that add to product value are not yet established. In this paper we highlight three mechanisms of spontaneous coordination among large numbers of organizations: focal points, leadership and common knowledge. We catalogue these three mechanisms at work using data from the RFID (radio frequency identification) industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Read, S (reprint author), IMD, Chemin Bellerive 23,POB 915, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM ndew@nps.edu; stuart.read@imd.ch NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4972 EI 1879-2383 J9 TECHNOVATION JI Technovation PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 10 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.technovation.2006.12.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 220UT UT WOS:000250183500001 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Thompson, WT Wang, S Liou, CS AF Jin, Yi Thompson, William T. Wang, Shouping Liou, Chi-Sann TI A numerical study of the effect of dissipative heating on tropical cyclone intensity SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID GFDL HURRICANE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PREDICTION SCHEME; KINETIC-ENERGY; NORTH PACIFIC; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; MESOSCALE; ATLANTIC; TAIWAN AB The impact of dissipative heating on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts is investigated using the U. S. Navy's operational mesoscale model (the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System). A physically consistent method of including dissipative heating is developed based on turbulent kinetic energy dissipation to ensure energy conservation. Mean absolute forecast errors of track and surface maximum winds are calculated for eighteen 48-h simulations of 10 selected TC cases over both the Atlantic basin and the northwest Pacific. Simulation results suggest that the inclusion of dissipative heating improves surface maximum wind forecasts by 10%-20% at 15-km resolution, while it has little impact on the track forecasts. The resultant improvement from the inclusion of the dissipative heating increases to 29% for the surface maximum winds at 5-km resolution for Hurricane Isabel (2003), where dissipative heating produces an unstable layer at low levels and warms a deep layer of the troposphere. While previous studies depicted a 65 m s(-1) threshold for the dissipative heating to impact the TC intensity, it is found that dissipative heating has an effect on the TC intensity when the TC is of moderate strength with the surface maximum wind speed at 45 m s(-1). Sensitivity tests reveal that there is significant nonlinear interaction between the dissipative heating from the surface friction and that from the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in the interior atmosphere. A conceptualized description is given for the positive feedback mechanism between the two processes. The results presented here suggest that it is necessary to include both processes in a mesoscale model to better forecast the TC structure and intensity. C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yi.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 950 EP 966 DI 10.1175/WAF1028.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YY UT WOS:000250413300002 ER PT J AU Payne, KA Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA AF Payne, Kathryn A. Elsberry, Russell L. Boothe, Mark A. TI Assessment of western north pacific 96-and 120-h track guidance and present forecastability SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ERRORS; CONSENSUS; ENSEMBLE; MODELS; BASIN AB Because the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has only four dynamical models for guidance in making 96- and 120-h track forecasts, an opportunity exists for improving the consensus forecast by the proper removal of a likely erroneous forecast to form a selective consensus (SCON). Forecast fields from all four models [ the U. S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), the U. S. Navy version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model (GFDN), the Met Office (UKMO) model, and the Global Forecast System (GFS)] were available during the 2005 western North Pacific season to evaluate for the first time the error mechanisms leading to large track errors. As shown previously for the NOGAPS and GFDN models during the 2004 season, error sources related to the midlatitude circulations accounted for about 90% of all large 120-h track errors by all four models during the 2005 season. This dominance of midlatitude-related error source is a major shift from the 72-h errors, which include more errors related to tropical circulations. In the GFS model, 95% of the large errors occurred because of an incorrect depiction of the vertical structure of the tropical cyclone. A systematic error in the GFDN model was identified in which a false anticyclogenesis was predicted downstream of the Tibetan Plateau, which accounted for over 50% of the large GFDN track errors. The consensus spread versus consensus error relationship is examined to isolate those 20%-25% of cases with large spreads and large errors that are candidates for forming an SCON. If the model tracks that contributed to the large errors are eliminated, the average improvement of the SCON forecasts relative to the nonselective consensus is 222 ( 239) n mi during 2005 ( 2004), and the corresponding average improvement relative to the JTWC forecasts is 382 ( 203) n mi. This application of SCON is considered the potential "forecastability" in that it represents the optimum use of the present numerical guidance for consensus forecasting. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Code MREs,Room 254,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1015 DI 10.1175/WAF1030.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YY UT WOS:000250413300005 ER PT J AU Vellore, R Koracin, D Wetzel, M Chai, S AF Vellore, Ramesh Koracin, Darko Wetzel, Melanie Chai, Steven TI Challenges in mesoscale prediction of a nocturnal stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer and implications for operational forecasting SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CLOUD PHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; DIMENSIONAL MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MIXED LAYERS; SEA FOG; ENTRAINMENT; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS AB A numerical study using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) was performed to assess the impact of initial and boundary conditions, the parameterization of turbulence transfer and its coupling with cloud-driven radiation, and cloud microphysical processes on the accuracy of mesoscale predictions and forecasts of the cloud-capped marine boundary layer. Aircraft, buoy, and satellite data and the large eddy simulation (LES) results during the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus field experiment (DYCOMS II) in July 2001 were used in the assessment. Three of the tested input fields (Eta, NCEP, and ECMWF) show deficiencies, mainly in the thermodynamic structure of the lowest 1500 m of the marine atmosphere. On a positive note, the simulated marine-layer depth showed good agreement with aircraft observations using the Eta fields, while using the NCEP and ECMWF datasets underestimated the marine-layer depth by about 20%-30%. The predicted turbulence kinetic energy (inversion strength) was about 50% of that obtained from the LES results (aircraft observed). As a consequence of moisture overprediction, the predicted liquid water path was twice the observed by 1-2 g kg(-1). The sensitivity tests have shown that the selections of turbulence and cloud microphysical schemes significantly influence the turbulence estimates and cloud parameters. Two of the tested turbulence schemes (Eta PBL and Burk-Thompson) did not exhibit the coupling with radiation. The significant differences in the simulated turbulence estimates appear to be a consequence of the use of water-conserving potential temperature variables. The microphysical parameterization, which uses the number concentration of cloud drops in the autoconversion process, simulates a realistic evolution of precipitable hydrometeors in the cloudy marine layer on the positive side, but on the other hand enhances the decoupling in the turbulence structure. This study can provide guidance to operational forecasters concerning accuracy issues of the commonly used large-scale analyses for model initialization, and optimal selection of model parameterizations in order to simulate and forecast the cloudy atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Vellore, R (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM ramesh.vellore@dri.edu NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1122 DI 10.1175/WAF1029.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YY UT WOS:000250413300012 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Hadjimichael, M AF Bankert, Richard L. Hadjimichael, Michael TI Data mining numerical model output for single-station cloud-ceiling forecast algorithms SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TERM PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; SURFACE WEATHER OBSERVATIONS; DAILY MAXIMUM; PREDICTION; STATISTICS; VISIBILITY; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; HEIGHT; CLASSIFICATION AB Accurate cloud-ceiling-height forecasts derived from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data are useful for aviation and other interests where low cloud ceilings have an impact on operations. A demonstration of the usefulness of data-mining methods in developing cloud-ceiling forecast algorithms from NWP model output is provided here. Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) 1-h forecast data were made available for nearly every hour in 2004. Various model variables were extracted from these data and stored in a database of hourly records for routine aviation weather report (METAR) station KJFK at John F. Kennedy International Airport along with other single-station locations. Using KJFK cloud-ceiling observations as ground truth, algorithms were derived for 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-h forecasts through a data- mining process. Performance of these cloud-ceiling forecast algorithms, as evaluated through cross-validation testing, is compared with persistence and Global Forecast System (GFS) model output statistics (MOS) performance (6 and 12 h only) over the entire year. The 1- h algorithms were also compared with the RUC model cloud-ceiling (or cloud base) height translation algorithms. The cloud-ceiling algorithms developed through data mining outperformed these RUC model translation algorithms, showed slightly better skill and accuracy than persistence at 3 h, and outperformed persistence at 6 and 12 h. Comparisons to GFS MOS (which uses observations in addition to model data for algorithm derivation) at 6 h demonstrated similar performance between the two methods with the cloud-ceiling algorithm derived through data mining demonstrating more skill at 12 h. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rich.bankert@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1175/WAF1035.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YY UT WOS:000250413300013 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Cole, CL Kniller, MD Malito, M Tamanaha, CR Rife, JC Stanton, MW Whitman, LJ AF Mulvaney, S. P. Cole, C. L. Kniller, M. D. Malito, M. Tamanaha, C. R. Rife, J. C. Stanton, M. W. Whitman, L. J. TI Rapid, femtomolar bioassays in complex matrices combining microfluidics and magnetoelectronics SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; DNA hybridization assay; fluidic force discrimination; immunoassay; magnetic bead; magnetic detection ID MAGNETIC MICROBEADS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; DETECTION SYSTEM; CANCER MARKERS; BIOSENSORS; AGENTS; SURFACE; FORCE; DNA AB A significant challenge for all biosensor systems is to achieve high assay sensitivity and specificity while minimizing sample preparation requirements, operational complexity, and sample-to-answer time. We have achieved multiplexed, unamplified, femtomolar detection of both DNA and proteins in complex matrices (including whole blood, serum, plasma, and milk) in minutes using as few as two reagents by labeling conventional assay schemes with micrometer-scale magnetic beads, and applying fluidic force discrimination (FFD). In FFD assays, analytes captured onto a microarray surface are labeled with microbeads, and a controlled laminar flow is then used to apply microfluidic forces sufficient to preferentially remove only nonspecifically bound bead labels. The density of beads that remain bound is proportional to the analyte concentration and can be determined with either optical counting or magnetoelectronic detection of the magnetic labels. Combining FFD assays with chip-based magnetoelectronic detection enables a simple, potentially handheld, platform capable of both nucleic acid hybridization assays and immunoassays, including orthogonal detection and identification of bacterial and viral pathogens, and therefore suitable for a wide range of biosensing applications. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 40 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.03.029 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220WL UT WOS:000250187900006 PM 17532619 ER PT J AU Crabbe, FL AF Crabbe, Frederick L. TI Compromise strategies for action selection SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modelling Natural Action Selection CY JUL, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP UK Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council DE action selection; compromise behaviour; high-level actions; low-level actions ID FEMALE CHOICE; PREDATION; INTELLIGENT; BEHAVIOR; TETTIGONIIDAE; TRAJECTORIES; ORTHOPTERA; MOVEMENTS; AGENTS; MIGHT AB Among the many properties suggested for action-selection mechanisms, a prominent one is the ability to select compromise actions, i. e. actions that are not the best to satisfy any active goal in isolation, but rather compromise between multiple goals. This paper briefly reviews the history of compromise behaviour and presents experimental analyses of it in an attempt to determine how much compromise behaviour aids an agent. It concludes that optimal compromise behaviour has a surprisingly small benefit over non-compromise behaviour in the experiments performed, and presents some reasons why this may be true and hypothesizes cases where compromise behaviour is truly useful. In particular, it hypothesizes that a crucial factor is the level at which an action is taken ( low-level actions are specific, such as 'move left leg'; high-level actions are vague, such as 'forage for food'). This paper hypothesizes that compromise behaviour is more beneficial for high-than low-level actions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crabbe, FL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd,Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM crabbe@usna.edu NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 29 PY 2007 VL 362 IS 1485 BP 1559 EP 1571 DI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2053 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 202FR UT WOS:000248887900004 PM 17428780 ER PT J AU Mithaiwala, M Rudakov, L Ganguli, G AF Mithaiwala, Manish Rudakov, Leonid Ganguli, Gurudas TI Generation of a ULF wave resonator in the magnetosphere by neutral gas release SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; OMEGA-HE; PLASMA; PROPAGATION; GEOS-1 AB ULF waves generated by the release of a neutral gas in the equatorial plane of the Earth's magnetosphere will be trapped between two turning points forming a resonator. This effectively prolongs the lifetime of the ensuing turbulence making it more useful for pitch angle scattering trapped energetic electrons. In the multispecies plasma environment of the magnetosphere, the presence of a small amount of helium causes the waves to reflect when their frequency matches the Buchsbaum frequency as they travel along field lines away from the equator. For a proton-electron-helium plasma, the Buchsbaum frequency is near the helium cyclotron frequency. With typical abundances of helium in the inner radiation belts, there is virtually no loss of wave energy by cyclotron damping at the turning points as the waves reflect between conjugate Buchsbaum points. Wave energy is eventually dissipated by collisional effects and radial convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Mithaiwala, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Bldg 71,Rm 2301, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manish@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A9 AR A09218 DI 10.1029/2007JA012445 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 216CF UT WOS:000249854700003 ER PT J AU Greilich, A Shabaev, A Yakovlev, DR Efros, AL Yugova, IA Reuter, D Wieck, AD Bayer, M AF Greilich, A. Shabaev, A. Yakovlev, D. R. Efros, Al. L. Yugova, I. A. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Bayer, M. TI Nuclei-induced frequency focusing of electron spin coherence SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RELAXATION; GAAS AB The hyperfine interaction of an electron with the nuclei is considered as the primary obstacle to coherent control of the electron spin in semiconductor quantum dots. We show, however, that the nuclei in singly charged quantum dots act constructively by focusing the electron spin precession about a magnetic field into well-defined modes synchronized with a laser pulse protocol. In a dot with a synchronized electron, the light-stimulated fluctuations of the hyperfine nuclear field acting on the electron are suppressed. The information about electron spin precession is imprinted in the nuclei and thereby can be stored for tens of minutes in darkness. The frequency focusing drives an electron spin ensemble into dephasing-free subspaces with the potential to realize single frequency precession of the entire ensemble. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 1908504, Russia. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil; manfred.bayer@physik.uni-dortmund.de RI Greilich, Alex/A-8927-2009; Yugova, Irina/F-6823-2011; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Yugova, Irina/0000-0003-0020-3679; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 30 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5846 BP 1896 EP 1899 DI 10.1126/science.1146850 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 214US UT WOS:000249764300033 PM 17901328 ER PT J AU Kang, W Gong, Q Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Kang, W. Gong, Q. Ross, I. M. Fahroo, F. TI On the convergence of nonlinear optimal control using pseudospectral methods for feedback linearizable systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE pseudospectral methods; optimal control; feedback linearizable systems ID TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB We consider the optimal control of feedback linearizable dynamic systems subject to mixed state and control constraints. In contrast to the existing results, the optimal controller addressed in this paper is allowed to be discontinuous. This generalization requires a substantial modification to the existing convergence analysis in terms of both the framework as well as the notion of convergence around points of discontinuity. Although the nonlinear system is assumed to be feedback linearizable, the optimal control does not necessarily linearize the dynamics. Such problems frequently arise in astronautical applications where stringent performance requirements demand optimality over feedback linearizing controls. We prove that a sequence of solutions obtained using the Legendre pseudospectral method converges to the optimal solution of the continuous-time problem under mild conditions. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 14 BP 1251 EP 1277 DI 10.1002/rnc.1166 PG 27 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 215VV UT WOS:000249838000001 ER PT J AU Hyer, EJ Allen, DJ Kasischke, ES AF Hyer, Edward J. Allen, Dale J. Kasischke, Eric S. TI Examining injection properties of boreal forest fires using surface and satellite measurements of CO transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ART.; EMISSIONS; MOPITT; MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT; SCALE; SMOKE AB Boreal forest fires are highly variable in space and time and also have variable vertical injection properties. We compared a University of Maryland Chemistry and Transport Model ( UMD- CTM) simulation of boreal forest fire CO in the summer of 2000 to surface observations from the NOAA Cooperative Air Sampling Network and satellite observations of CO from the Measurement of Pollutants in the Troposphere ( MOPITT) instrument to investigate the sensitivity of these measurements to injection height and to evaluate the bulk injection properties of the boreal fire source. Our results show that emissions at the surface produce more than twice the signal in surface CO measurements compared with emissions injected into the upper troposphere. Surface injection yielded the best agreement with surface observations, but high- altitude injection resulted in very small variations at the surface, and so the statistical comparison with surface observations was inconclusive. Because of the vertical sensitivity of MOPITT, estimated total CO burden north of 30 degrees N was 10% higher for upper tropospheric injection of boreal forest fire CO compared to surface release. We used a contrast filter to select the MOPITT retrievals most sensitive to boreal forest fire injection height and found that the best agreement between simulation results and MOPITT observations was obtained with midtropospheric injection of emissions and with pressure- weighted distribution of emissions through the tropospheric column. Appendix A uses CTM output to examine quantitatively the bias and errors in calculations of total column CO and total CO burden using MOPITT CO retrievals. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hyer, EJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18307 DI 10.1029/2006JD008232 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216AY UT WOS:000249851300002 ER PT J AU Ren, K Liu, YM Hofmann, H Zhang, QM Blottman, J AF Ren, Kailiang Liu, Yiming Hofmann, H. Zhang, Q. M. Blottman, John TI An active energy harvesting scheme with an electroactive polymer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; DEVICES AB We investigate the energy harvesting with an electrostrictive polymer, possessing high electromechanical response and elastic energy density, which make it possible to generate high electric energy density and attractive for the active energy harvesting scheme. It is shown that combining the active energy harvesting scheme and high electromechanical response of the polymer yields a harvested electric energy density of similar to 40 mJ/cm(3) with a 10% efficiency. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ren, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kxr233@psu.edu RI Hofmann, Heath/A-1953-2013; Ren, Kailiang/B-2531-2015 OI Hofmann, Heath/0000-0003-0915-2919; Ren, Kailiang/0000-0002-6469-799X NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 13 AR 132910 DI 10.1063/1.2793172 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 215CX UT WOS:000249787000074 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Barsic, PH Valls, OT AF Halterman, Klaus Barsic, Paul H. Valls, Oriol T. TI Odd triplet pairing in clean superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FIELD AB We study triplet pairing correlations in clean ferromagnet (F)/superconductor (S) nanojunctions, via fully self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We consider FSF trilayers, with S being an s-wave superconductor, and an arbitrary angle alpha between the magnetizations of the two F layers. We find that contrary to some previous expectations, triplet correlations, odd in time, are induced in both the S and F layers in the clean limit. We investigate their behavior as a function of time, position, and alpha. The triplet amplitudes are largest at times on the order of the inverse Debye frequency, and at that time scale they are long-ranged in both S and F. The zero temperature condensation energy is found to be lowest when the magnetizations are antiparallel. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; barsic@physics.umn.edu; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12 AR 127002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.127002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 213LE UT WOS:000249668000067 PM 17930543 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI Paris 1961 - Algerians, state terror, and memory SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 IS 5451 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 214FL UT WOS:000249721300004 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI The invention of decolonization - The Algerian war and the remaking of France SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 IS 5451 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 214FL UT WOS:000249721300003 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Kuznetsov, S Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, Lev Kuznetsov, Sergey Shaposhnikov, Nickolai TI Correlations between X-ray spectral and timing characteristics in cygnus X-2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (Cygnus X-2, Sco X-1); stars : neutron; X-rays : individual (Cygnus X-2, Sco X-1) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; NEUTRON-STAR; BLACK-HOLE; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; COMPTONIZATION MODELS; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; MONTE-CARLO; 4U 0614+091; GX 17+2; BINARIES AB Correlations between the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the spectral power-law index have been reported for a number of black hole candidate sources and for four neutron star (NS) sources, 4U0614+09, 4U 1608-52, 4U 1728-34, and Sco X-1. An examination of QPO frequencies and index relationship in Cyg X-2 is reported herein. The RXTE spectrum of Cyg X-2 can be adequately represented by a simple two-component model of Compton upscattering with a soft photon electron temperature of about 0.7 keV and an iron K line. Inferred spectral power-law index shows correlation with the low QPO frequencies. We find that the Thomson optical depth of the Compton cloud (CC)tau, in framework of spherical geometry, is in the range of similar to 4-6, which is consistent with the surface of the neutron star (NS) being obscured. The NS high-frequency pulsations are presumably suppressed as a result of photon scattering off CC electrons because of such high values of tau. We also point out a number of similarities in terms of timing (presence of low- and high-frequency QPOs) and spectral (high CC optical depth and low CC plasma temperature) appearances between Cyg X-2 and Sco X-1. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, IGPP, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Lev.Titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1086/520759 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900035 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Klimchuk, JA AF Patsourakos, S. Klimchuk, J. A. TI The cross-field thermal structure of coronal loops from triple-filter trace observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; SOLAR CORONA; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; EXPLORER; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; NANOFLARES; SOHO/CDS AB The highly suppressed thermal transport across the magnetic field in the solar corona makes the determination of the cross-field thermal distribution within coronal loops a powerful diagnostic of the properties of the heating process itself. The cross-field thermal structure is currently being strongly debated. Spectroscopic observations with high temperature fidelity but low spatial resolution indicate that some observed loops are multithermal, whereas imaging observations with high spatial resolution but low temperature fidelity indicate more isothermal conditions. We report here on triple filter observations of coronal loops made by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer ( TRACE), which has the best spatial resolution currently available. We tested the isothermal hypothesis using the emission measure loci technique and found that the loops are consistent with an isothermal plasma near 1.5 MK only if a generous estimate of the photometric uncertainties is used. A more restrictive estimate based on discussions with the TRACE experimenters rules out the isothermal hypothesis. The observations are much better explained by a multithermal plasma with significant emission measure throughout the range 1-3 MK. The details of the emission measure distribution are not well defined, however. Future subarcsecond spectroscopic observations covering a wide range of temperatures are the most promising means of unlocking the thermal structure of the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 591 EP 601 DI 10.1086/520713 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900052 ER PT J AU Rakowski, CE Laming, JM Lepri, ST AF Rakowski, Cara E. Laming, J. Martin Lepri, Susan T. TI Ion charge states in halo coronal mass ejections: What can we learn about the explosion? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; plasmas; solar wind; waves ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION DATA; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SOLAR-WIND; RATE COEFFICIENTS; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; MAGNETIC TOPOLOGY; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION; SUN AB We describe a new modeling approach to develop a more quantitative understanding of the charge state distributions of the ions of various elements detected in situ during halo coronal mass ejection (CME) events by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. Using a model CME hydrodynamic evolution based on observations of CMEs propagating in the plane of the sky and on theoretical models, we integrate time-dependent equations for the ionization balance of various elements to compare with ACE data. We find that plasma in the CME "core'' typically requires further heating following filament eruption, with thermal energy input similar to the kinetic energy input. This extra heating is presumably the result of posteruptive reconnection. Plasma corresponding to the CME "cavity'' is usually not further ionized, since whether heated or not, the low density gives freeze-in close the Sun. The current analysis is limited by ambiguities in the underlying model CME evolution. Such methods are likely to reach their full potential when applied to data to be acquired by STEREO when at optimum separation. CME evolution observed with one spacecraft may be used to interpret CME charge states detected by the other. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rakowski, CE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Res, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crakowski@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; laming@nrl.navy.mil; slepri@umich.edu RI Lepri, Susan/I-8611-2012 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1086/520914 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900053 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Warren, HP Brown, CM Culhane, JL Hara, H Watanabe, T Young, PR Mason, HE AF Doschek, G. A. Mariska, J. T. Warren, H. P. Brown, C. M. Culhane, J. L. Hara, H. Watanabe, T. Young, P. R. Mason, H. E. TI Nonthermal velocities in solar active regions observed with the extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmospheric motions; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID MECHANISMS; SUMER AB We discuss nonthermal velocities in an active region as revealed by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode spacecraft. The velocities are derived from spectral line profiles in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) from a strong line of Fe XII at 195.12 angstrom by fitting each line profile to a Gaussian function. We compare maps of the full width at half-maximum values, the Fe XII spectral line intensity, the Fe XII Doppler shift, the electron temperature, and electron density. We find that the largest widths in the active region do not occur in the most intense regions, but seem to concentrate in less intense regions, some of which are directly adjacent to coronal loops, and some of which concentrate in regions which also exhibit relative Doppler outflows. The increased widths can also occur over extended parts of the active region. C1 Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH5 6NT, England. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ctr Math Sci, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.doschek@nrl.navy.mil; jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; hirohisa.hara@nao.ac.jp; watanabe@uvlab.mtk.nao.ac.jp; p.r.young@rl.ac.uk; h.e.mason@damtp.cam.ac.uk OI Young, Peter/0000-0001-9034-2925 NR 12 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP L109 EP L112 DI 10.1086/522087 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210NJ UT WOS:000249462600028 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Merchan-Merchan, W D'Arcy, J Saveliev, AV Kennedy, LA AF Lock, Evgeniya H. Merchan-Merchan, Wilson D'Arcy, James Saveliev, Alexei V. Kennedy, Lawrence A. TI Coating of inner and outer carbon nanotube surfaces with polymers in supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID PARTICLES; FLOW AB Polymer coating and filling of carbon nanombes (CNTs) and CNT arrays under supercritical conditions is reported in this letter. As a supercritical solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide was chosen due to its unique chemical and physical characteristics allowing effective mass transfer. Flame synthesized and commercially obtained CNTs in powder form, as well as CNT arrays of high purity and alignment were employed to study the polymer coating of inner and outer CNT surfaces. The influence of polymerization process parameters was investigated. The outcome of this work is the development of a novel, fast and efficient method for coating and filling of CNTs and CNT arrays with polymers. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM evgeniya.lock@nri.navy.mil RI Saveliev, Alexei/G-4981-2011 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 37 BP 13655 EP 13658 DI 10.1021/jp075684c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 211CL UT WOS:000249501800005 ER PT J AU van 't Erve, OMJ Li, CH Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Osofsky, M Cheng, SF Jonker, BT AF van 't Erve, O. M. J. Li, C. H. Kioseoglou, G. Hanbicki, A. T. Osofsky, M. Cheng, S.-F. Jonker, B. T. TI Epitaxial growth and electrical spin injection from Fe(1-x)Gax (001) films on AlGaAs/GaAs (001) heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEGA ALLOYS; POLARIZATION; GA AB The authors have grown epitaxial films of Fe(1-x)Gax (0 < x < 0.75), a material noted for its high magnetostriction, on AlGaAs/GaAs (001) heterostructures and summarize the structure, magnetization, spin polarization, and results for electrical spin injection into AlGaAs/GaAs. The out-of-plane saturation field and magnetization decrease rapidly with Ga content, but the spin polarization determined by point contact Andreev reflection remains near that of Fe for x <= 0.5 Electrical spin injection from Fe0.5Ga0.5 produces an electron spin polarization > 70% in GaAs at 20 K, similar to that obtained from Fe contacts but at out-of-plane saturation fields as low as 0.36 T rather than 2.2 T. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van 't Erve, OMJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vanterve@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 AR 122515 DI 10.1063/1.2789702 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 213KY UT WOS:000249667200073 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Garcia, JF AF Krapels, Keith Driggers, Ronald G. Garcia, Jose F., III TI Performance of infrared systems in swimmer detection for maritime security SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB The detection of swimmer activity in harbor areas around piers and ships is an important aspect of Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP) sensing efforts in the U. S. Navy and Coast Guard. A series of data collections and perception experiments were conducted to validate the use of thermal target acquisition models against swimmer targets. The results were analyzed to derive the discrimination criteria necessary for sensor design for maritime force protection. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Navy Res Naval Res Lab Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Navy Res Off Naval Res, Naval Res Lab Sci & Technol, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Navy Res Off Naval Res Headquarters Sci & Technol, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Navy Res Naval Res Lab Sci & Technol, 104 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.krapels@navy.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 17 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 19 BP 12296 EP 12305 DI 10.1364/OE.15.012296 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 218HK UT WOS:000250006400061 PM 19547598 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, P. M. TI Growth, decay and bifurcation of shock amplitudes under the type-II flux law SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Fisher-KPP equation; Green and Nagdhi's type-II flux law; transcritical bifurcation; shock and acceleration waves; travelling wave solution ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; ACCELERATION-WAVES; DISCONTINUITY WAVES; POPULATION-GROWTH; FRONT PROPAGATION; HEAT-CONDUCTION; TRAFFIC FLOW; EQUATION; SPEEDS; MEDIA AB By replacing Fick's diffusion law with Green and Nagdhi's type-II flux law, a hyperbolic counterpart to the classical Fisher KPP equation is obtained. In this article, an analytical study of this partial differential equation is presented with an emphasis on shock and related kinematic wave phenomena. First, an exact travelling wave solution (TWS) is derived and examined. Then, using singular surface theory, exact amplitude expressions for both shock and acceleration waves are obtained. In addition, the issue of shock stability is addressed and the limitations of the model are noted. It is shown that discontinuity (i.e. shock) formation in the TWS occurs only when the propagation speed, which must exceed the characteristic speed, tends to the latter. It is also shown that the shock amplitude equation undergoes a transcritical bifurcation. Lastly, numerical simulations of acceleration waves in a simple model problem are presented. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P R SOC A JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 17 PY 2007 VL 463 IS 2087 BP 2783 EP 2798 DI 10.1098/rspa.2007.1895 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211IA UT WOS:000249516300002 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Gangopadhyay, A Rosenfeld, LK Bub, FL AF Kim, Hyun-Sook Gangopadhyay, Avijit Rosenfeld, Leslie K. Bub, Frank L. TI Developing a high-resolution climatology for the Central California coastal region SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climatology; Eastern boundary current; hydrodynamic simulation; Monterey Bay; coastal processes ID CURRENT SYSTEM; TRANSITION ZONE; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; UNDERCURRENT; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; FLOW AB This work presents a procedure for developing a high-resolution, regional climatology estimate, named RClimo, off the coast of central California. This high-resolution climatology may provide an alternative way to initialize numerical nowcast/forecast exercises in coastal regions. The methodology includes two primary steps: (1) averaging available data on a high-resolution grid and (2) objective interpolating the resulting average profiles onto a regular grid. The first step involves the computation of averages over density layers in the vertical and allowing for data gaps in the horizontal if data are unavailable at a high resolution. The OA in the second step uses anisotropic correlation length scales derived from the data themselves and an averaging radius to preserve the scales and variability of the synoptic fields. The dataset used to compute this climatology includes the archived CalCOFI dataset, the Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN) 2003 experiments near Monterey Bay, and many other previously undocumented profiles from various sources. As part of the climatology product, associated uncertainty is also generated through density averaging and employing the Gauss-Markov minimum error variance during Objective Analysis. The final climatology estimate is hence subject to greater error for larger mapping-grid size or lower data density, suggesting uncertainties that vary in space. The maximum value of the resulting error distribution for the RClimo estimate from the 50-km bins is less than 11% of the temperature estimate and 1% of the salinity estimate, whereas those for the 20-km-bin RClimo are 11% and 0.9%, respectively. We have conducted comparisons between the RClimo, and 1/4 degrees Levitus climatology fields via numerical simulations initiatized with each field. Simulations were performed using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and for the month of August, a peak period of upwelling-favorable wind, with and without the atmospheric forcing. The RClimo simulations produced reasonably realistic features like filaments, fronts, meanders, eddies, alongshore currents (similar to 50 cm s(-1)) and inshore undercurrents (similar to 15 cm s(-1)) under typical upwelling-favorable winds. In contrast, the Levitus simulations showed insignificant evolution over most of the domain, with or without winds. In the future, one could apply this methodology for other months and seasons in Monterey Bay, as well as develop similar high-resolution climatology for other coastal regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, NAVOCEANO, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gangopadhyay, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM avijit@umassd.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2135 EP 2161 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.05.011 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222GU UT WOS:000250285100005 ER PT J AU Coulliette, C Lekien, F Paduan, JD Haller, G Marsden, JE AF Coulliette, Chad Lekien, Francois Paduan, Jeffrey D. Haller, George Marsden, Jerrold E. TI Optimal pollution mitigation in monterey bay based on coastal radar data and nonlinear dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; 2-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY-FIELDS; TIME INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS; NARROW ESTUARIES; EFFLUENT DISCHARGE; CHAOTIC ADVECTION; HOLDING TANKS; DOUBLE-GYRE; AREA AB High-frequency (HF) radar technology produces detailed velocity maps near the surface of estuaries and bays. The use of velocity data in environmental prediction, nonetheless, remains unexplored. In this paper, we uncover a striking flow structure in coastal radar observations of Monterey Bay, along the California Coastline. This complex structure governs the spread of organic contaminants, such as agricultural runoff which is a typical source of pollution in the bay. We show that a HF radar-based pollution release scheme using this flow structure reduces the impact of pollution on the coastal environment in the bay. We predict the motion of the Lagrangian flow structures from finite-time Lyapunov exponents of the coastal HF velocity data. From this prediction, we obtain optimal release times, at which pollution leaves the bay most efficiently. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci Appl, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lekien, F (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci Appl, 165-11,50 FD Roosevelt Ave, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM Francois.Lekien@ulb.ac.be RI Haller, George/A-5076-2012 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6562 EP 6572 DI 10.1021/es0630691 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CA UT WOS:000249500700044 PM 17948809 ER PT J AU Bogoslovov, RB Roland, M AF Bogoslovov, R. B. Roland, M. TI Viscoelastic effects on the free retraction of rubber SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-STRAIN RATES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRESSED RUBBER; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYBUTADIENE; RELAXATION; POLYUREA; IMPACT; SPEED AB Wave propagation and retraction velocities were measured for two elastomers, a 1,4-polybutadiene and a polyurea, freely retracting from large tensile strains (<= 2). From these data the stress-strain response was calculated. The achievable strain rate depends on the initial strain and the viscoelasticity of the material, with values exceeding 1800 s(-1) attained herein. Thus, the method can be used to characterize the mechanical behavior at high strain rates, as well as high strains. A drawback is that the strain rate is not constant during the retraction. The kinetic energy of retraction reflects the unrelaxed stress, providing a straightforward determination of strain energy and its dissipation. The two elastomers represent extremes of viscoelastic behavior, as reflected in the retraction response at both low and high strain rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 AR 063531 DI 10.1063/1.2784018 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 215CZ UT WOS:000249787200052 ER PT J AU Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Bowman, SR AF Condon, N. J. O'Connor, S. Bowman, S. R. TI Response to comments on: "Growth and characterization of single-crystal Er3+: KPb2Cl5 as a mid-infrared laser material" SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Condon, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicholas.condon@nrl.navy.mil RI Condon, Nicholas/C-7171-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 307 IS 2 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.07.014 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 221RV UT WOS:000250245900039 ER PT J AU Peng, F Effler, SW O'Donnell, D Perkins, MG Weidemann, A AF Peng, Feng Effler, Steven W. O'Donnell, David Perkins, Mary Gail Weidemann, Alan TI Role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in lakes and a river in central New York SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MARINE PARTICLES; ONONDAGA LAKE; OPTICAL BACKSCATTERING; INORGANIC TRIPTON; ZEBRA MUSSEL; OPEN-OCEAN; ATTENUATION; PARTICULATE; PATTERNS AB The role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in several lakes and a river (total of ten sites) in central New York, which represent a robust range of scattering conditions, was evaluated based on an individual particle analysis technique of scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated x-ray microanalysis and image analysis (SAX), in situ bulk measurements of particle scattering and backscattering coefficients (b(p) and b(bp)), and laboratory analyses of common indicators of scattering. SAX provided characterizations of the elemental x-ray composition, number concentration, particle size distribution (PSD), shape, and projected area concentration of minerogenic particles (PAV(m)) of sizes >0.4 mu m. Mie theory was applied to calculate the minerogenic components of b(p) (b(m)) and b(bp) (b(b,m)) with SAX data. Differences in PAV(m), associated primarily with clay minerals and CaCO3,were responsible for most of the measured differences in both b(p) and b(bp) across the study sites. Contributions of the specified minerogenic particle classes to b(m) were found to correspond approximately to their contributions to PAV(m). The estimates of b(m) represented substantial fractions of bp, whereas those of b(b,m). were the dominant component of b(bp). The representativeness of the estimates of b(m) and b(b,m) was supported by their consistency with the bulk measurements. Greater uncertainty prevails for the b(b,m) estimates than those for b(m), associated primarily with reported deviations in particle shapes from sphericity. The PSDs were well represented by the "B" component of the two-component model or a three parameter generalized gamma distribution [Deep-Sea Res. Part 140, 1459 (1993)]. The widely applied Junge (hyperbolic) function performed poorly in representing the PSDs and the size dependency of light scattering in these systems, by over-representing the concentrations of submicrometer particles especially. Submicrometer particles were not important contributors to b(m) or b(b,m). (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Upstate Freshwater Inst, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Peng, F (reprint author), Upstate Freshwater Inst, POB 506, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. EM fpeng@upstatefreshwater.org OI Peng, Feng/0000-0002-3616-1063 NR 63 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 6577 EP 6596 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006577 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 220PP UT WOS:000250169000012 PM 17846653 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wu, DH Hinton, RJ AF Garzarella, Anthony Qadri, Syed B. Wu, Dong Ho Hinton, Randall J. TI Responsivity optimization and stabilization in electro-optic field sensors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Electro-optic (EO) modulation devices, which utilize an external electric field to modulate a beam of optical radiation, are strongly affected by parasitic effects, which change the polarization state of the optical beam. As a result, very small changes in the birefringence or optical path length within the EO material can result in very large fluctuations of the amplitude and phase of the optical modulation signal. A method of actively analyzing the modulated beam is described and demonstrated, which eliminates these fluctuations and keeps the modulation device stably operating at its peak responsivity. Applications to electric field detection and measurements are discussed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 6636 EP 6640 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006636 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 220PP UT WOS:000250169000016 PM 17846657 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Li, J Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. Li, J. Mintmire, J. W. White, C. T. TI Altering low-bias transport in zigzag-edge graphene nanostrips with edge chemistry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANORIBBONS; POLYACETYLENE; GRAPHITE; RIBBONS; STATES AB Zigzag-edge graphene nanostrips could be terminated with a variety of atoms or functional groups. Presented local-density-functional calculations show that these different species have a significant impact on the electronic structure of these strips near the Fermi level. The terminations covered include hydrogen and oxygen atoms as well as hydroxyl and imine groups. Zigzag-edge nanostrips terminated with hydrogen atoms or hydroxyl groups exhibit spin polarization in equilibrium, while the nanostrips terminated with oxygen or imine groups are unpolarized, leading to much different low-bias transport properties. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke@nrl.navy.mil RI Li, Junwen/H-6061-2011; Li, Junwen/C-9032-2015; OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 25 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 11 AR 112108 DI 10.1063/1.2783196 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 210RT UT WOS:000249474000045 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR AF Warren, Harry P. Winebarger, Amy R. TI Static and dynamic modeling of a solar active region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona ID SOFT-X-RAY; TRANSITION-REGION; CORONAL LOOPS; TRACE; EMISSION; SIMULATIONS; ELEMENTARY; TELESCOPE; EXPLORER; MISSION AB Recent hydrostatic simulations of solar active regions have shown that it is possible to reproduce both the total intensity and the general morphology of the high-temperature emission observed at soft X-ray wavelengths using static heating models. These static models, however, cannot account for the lower temperature emission. In addition, there is ample observational evidence that the solar corona is highly variable, indicating a significant role for dynamical processes in coronal heating. Because they are computationally demanding, full hydrodynamic simulations of solar active regions have not been considered previously. In this paper we make first application of an impulsive heating model to the simulation of an entire active region, AR 8156 observed on 1998 February 16. We model this region by coupling potential field extrapolations to full solutions of the time-dependent hydrodynamic loop equations. To make the problem more tractable we begin with a static heating model that reproduces the emission observed in four different Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) filters and consider impulsive heating scenarios that yield time-averaged SXT intensities that are consistent with the static case. We find that it is possible to reproduce the total observed soft X-ray emission in all of the SXT filters with a dynamical heating model, indicating that nanoflare heating is consistent with the observational properties of the high-temperature solar corona. At EUV wavelengths the simulated emission shows more coronal loops, but the agreement between the simulation and the observation is still not acceptable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; winebarger@physics.aamu.edu NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1245 EP 1255 DI 10.1086/519943 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700051 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Muglach, K AF Wang, Y.-M. Muglach, K. TI On the formation of filament channels SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; Sun : prominences; Sun : UV radiation ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TRANSPORT; H-ALPHA; LAMBDA-304 PROMINENCES; SOLAR PROMINENCES; FINE-STRUCTURE; SUN; FIELDS; RECONNECTION; FLOWS; EVOLUTION AB From the H alpha archive of the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) we have selected three examples showing fibril structures that change their orientation, over 1 or 2 days, from nearly perpendicular to nearly parallel to the polarity inversion line (PIL). In one case, the filament channel forms within a single decaying bipole; in the other two cases, it forms along the boundary between an active region and its surroundings. Comparing the H alpha filtergrams with magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), we find that the fibrils become aligned with the PIL as supergranular convection brings opposite-polarity magnetic flux together; shearing motions along the PIL, when present, act mainly to accelerate the rate of diffusive annihilation. We conclude that the reorientation of the fibrils is due to the cancellation and submergence of the transverse field component (B(perpendicular to)), leaving behind the preexisting axial field component (B(parallel to)). The latter may have been generated by photospheric differential rotation over longer timescales, or else was already present when the flux emerged. The filament channel forms slowly if B(parallel to)/B(perpendicular to) is initially small, as along the internal neutral line of a newly emerged bipole, but may appear within hours if this ratio is initially substantial, as where the dipole-like loops of an active region curve around its periphery. In all of our examples, filaments form within a day or so after the fibrils become aligned with the PIL, while barbs appear at a later stage, as flux elements continue to diffuse across the PIL and cancel with the majority-polarity flux on the other side. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; karin.muglach@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1284 EP 1295 DI 10.1086/520623 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700055 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the viscoelastic response of polyurea SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyurea; pressure; viscoelasticity ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; GLASS FORMERS; POLYMERS; DISPERSION; ELASTOMER AB Dielectric spectroscopy is used to measure the local segmental relaxation times for the soft segments of a polyurea as a function of temperature and pressure, In combination with the equation of state determined for the material, we show that the relaxation times are uniquely defined by the product of temperature times specific volume, with the latter raised to the power of 2.35 +/- 0.10. This superpositioning of the relaxation times enables both the local segmental and the global chain dynamics to be calculated for any combination of temperature and pressure, using only measurements at ambient pressure. Since this polyurea finds applications as a coating to mitigate the damage from impact loading, its response to high frequencies and elevated hydrostatic pressure is of some import. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 19 BP 5747 EP 5752 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.017 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 220MO UT WOS:000250161000035 ER PT J AU Urban, S Roland, CM Czub, J Skrzypek, K AF Urban, S. Roland, C. M. Czub, J. Skrzypek, K. TI Thermodynamic analysis of the low frequency relaxation time in the smectic A and C phases of a liquid crystal SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEMATISCHEN KRISTALLINFLUSSIGEN PHASE; MOLEKULAR-STATISTISCHE THEORIE; MEAN FIELD-THEORIES; HIGH-PRESSURE; ANISOTROPIC SYSTEMS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; X-RAY; DYNAMICS AB Pressure-temperature-volume (pVT) measurements were carried out on 2-(4-hexyloxyphenyl)-5-octyl-pyrimidine, a substance exhibiting nematic and smectic A and C polymorphism. Analysis of the longitudinal relaxation times obtained recently for elevated pressures [Czub , Z. Naturforsch. A: Phys. Sci. 58, 333 (2003)] was performed for isobaric, isothermal, and isochoric conditions within the two smectic phases. Several relationships linking the dynamical and thermodynamical quantities, derived recently for isotropic glass formers [Roland Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 1405 (2005)], were found to hold for the liquid crystal, revealing a striking similarity of behaviors for these two types of materials. The parameter gamma characterizing the steepness of the interaction potential was derived in different ways. It is interesting that the liquid crystal gives relaxation time versus TV-gamma plots that are linear, unlike results for glass formers, implying that the dynamics of the former is thermally activated. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mil Univ Technol, Inst Chem, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland. RP Urban, S (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. EM ufurban@cyf-kr.edu.pl; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 9 AR 094901 DI 10.1063/1.2759488 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 208MP UT WOS:000249323700035 PM 17824759 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Mccoy, KM Whitman, LJ Pehrsson, PE AF Simpkins, B. S. Mccoy, K. M. Whitman, L. J. Pehrsson, P. E. TI Fabrication and characterization of DNA-functionalized GaN nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; TRANSISTORS; SURFACES; SENSOR; SILANIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; MONOLAYERS; PROTEINS; SILICON AB Both planar GaN substrates and individual GaN nanowires have been functionalized with single-stranded DNA, an important process for use of GaN devices for label-free biosensing. A functional aminopropyltrimethoxysilane layer was deposited on hydroxylated GaN, as confirmed by XPS. A bifunctional glutaraldehyde layer was then coupled to the silane, presenting carbonyl groups for subsequent condensation reaction with amine-terminated, fluorescently labeled DNA. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy studies indicated the functional layers are smooth, uniformly deposited, and at least 20 nm thick on both the planar surfaces and on individual nanowires. An oxygen plasma treatment was used in conjunction with a silicone mask to pattern the functionalized surfaces and nanowires. DNA remained immobilized on the nanowires following their release into suspension via sonication and dielectrophoretic alignment, demonstrating the potential of this functionalization chemistry for 'bottom-up' fabrication and self-assembly of nanowire sensor arrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 35 AR 355301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/35/355301 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 207VD UT WOS:000249278300001 ER PT J AU Martin, MJ Houston, BH AF Martin, Michael James Houston, Brian H. TI Gas damping of carbon nanotube oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Previous experimental results suggest that gas damping is a significant loss mechanism for carbon-nanotube-based mechanical resonators operating in low vacuum conditions. Using free-molecular flow theory for the gas and a continuum-based model for the nanotube resonator, a model for gas damping of single-wall carbon nanotube bridges and cantilevers is proposed. When compared to experimental data for a single-wall carbon nanotube bridge oscillator, the model agrees to within the limits of the known experimental geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM martinm2@asme.org RI Martin, Michael/A-1174-2007 OI Martin, Michael/0000-0002-6526-4408 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 10 AR 103116 DI 10.1063/1.2779973 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 208MH UT WOS:000249322900069 ER PT J AU Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Architectural design, interior decoration, and three-dimensional plumbing en route to multifunctional nanoarchitectures SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID FUEL-CELL-ELECTRODES; SILICA AEROGELS; CARBON AEROGELS; OXIDE AEROGELS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; HYBRID NANOARCHITECTURES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ION INSERTION; NANOSCALE; SOL AB Ultraporous aperiodic solids, such as aerogels and ambigels, are sol-gel-derived equivalents of architectures. The walls are defined by the nanoscopic, covalently bonded solid network of the gel. The vast open, interconnected space characteristic of a building is represented by the three-dimensionally continuous nanoscopic pore network. We discuss how an architectural construct serves as a powerful metaphor that guides the chemist in the design of aerogel-like nanoarchitectures and in their physical and chemical transformation into multifunctional objects that yield high performance for rate-critical applications. C1 Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Latif, Eshrar/M-2960-2014 NR 55 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 854 EP 862 DI 10.1021/ar6000445 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 212PY UT WOS:000249610500016 PM 17530736 ER PT J AU Shyu, ML Quirino, T Xie, ZX Chen, SC Chang, LW AF Shyu, Mei-Ling Quirino, Thiago Xie, Zongxing Chen, Shu-Ching Chang, Liwu TI Network Intrusion Detection through Adaptive Sub-Eigenspace Modeling in Multiagent Systems SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Experimentation; Security; Agent communications; agent-based distributed system; adaptive sub-eigenspace modeling (ASEM); intrusion detection; network security AB Recently, network security has become an extremely vital issue that beckons the development of accurate and efficient solutions capable of effectively defending our network systems and the valuable information journeying through them. In this article, a distributed multiagent intrusion detection system (IDS) architecture is proposed, which attempts to provide an accurate and lightweight solution to network intrusion detection by tackling issues associated with the design of a distributed multiagent system, such as poor system scalability and the requirements of excessive processing power and memory storage. The proposed IDS architecture consists of (i) the Host layer with lightweight host agents that perform anomaly detection in network connections to their respective hosts, and (ii) the Classification layer whose main functions are to perform misuse detection for the host agents, detect distributed attacks, and disseminate network security status information to the whole network. The intrusion detection task is achieved through the employment of the lightweight Adaptive Sub-Eigenspace Modeling (ASEM)-based anomaly and misuse detection schemes. Promising experimental results indicate that ASEM-based schemes outperform the KNN and LOF algorithms, with high detection rates and low false alarm rates in the anomaly detection task, and outperform several well-known supervised classification methods such as C4.5 Decision Tree, SVM, NN, KNN, Logistic, and Decision Table (DT) in the misuse detection task. To assess the performance in a real-world scenario, the Relative Assumption Model, feature extraction techniques, and common network attack generation tools are employed to generate normal and anomalous traffic in a private LAN testbed. Furthermore, the scalability performance of the proposed IDS architecture is investigated through the simulation of the proposed agent communication scheme, and satisfactory linear relationships for both degradation of system response time and agent communication generated network traffic overhead are achieved. C1 [Shyu, Mei-Ling; Quirino, Thiago; Xie, Zongxing] Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Chen, Shu-Ching] Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Distributed Multimedia Informat Syst Lab, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chang, Liwu] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shyu, ML (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM chens@cs.fiu.edu NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1556-4665 EI 1556-4703 J9 ACM T AUTON ADAP SYS JI ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3 AR 9 DI 10.1145/1278460.1278463 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V03ZR UT WOS:000207029200003 ER PT J AU Kusel, ET Siegmann, WL Collins, MD AF Kuesel, Elizabeth T. Siegmann, William L. Collins, Michael D. TI The split-step pade-fourier solution SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-EQUATION; PARABOLIC EQUATION; ALGORITHM; BOTTOM AB Range-dependent ocean acoustics problems can be solved accurately and efficiently with the parabolic equation method. Several approaches have been developed, including the split-step Pad, and split-step Fourier solutions. The split-step Pad, solution is based on rational approximations and provides greater accuracy. The split-step Fourier solution is based on a linear approximation to the square root of an operator and provides greater efficiency for some high-frequency problems. The attributes of these approaches are combined to obtain the split-step Pade-Fourier solution, which provides a high level of accuracy and permits range steps of up to thousands of wavelengths for some high-frequency problems. This solution is obtained by multiplying and dividing by the exponential on which the split-step Fourier solution is based. One of the factors is implemented using the split-step Fourier solution. The other step is based on a rational approximation of an exponential function with a reduced oscillation rate, which permits larger range steps. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kusel, ET (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 810 EP 814 PG 5 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 225GK UT WOS:000250504900014 ER PT J AU Chakeres, ID Belding-Royer, EM Macker, JP AF Chakeres, Ian D. Belding-Royer, Elizabeth M. Macker, Joseph P. TI Perceptive admission control for wireless network quality of service SO AD HOC NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Wireless; Mobile; Networking; Quality of service; Admission control AB As wireless networks become more widely used, there is a growing need to support advanced services, such as multimedia streaming and voice over IP. Traditional approaches to guarantee quality of service (QoS) work well only with predictable channel and network access. In wireless mobile networks, where conditions dynamically change as nodes move about the network, a stateless, high level approach is required. Since shared wireless resources are easily over-utilized, the load in the network must be controlled so that an acceptable QoS for real-time applications can be maintained. If minimum real-time requirements are not met, these unusable packets waste scarce bandwidth and hinder other traffic, compounding the problem. To enable high QoS for all admitted traffic, we propose the Perceptive Admission Control (PAC) protocol. PAC monitors the wireless channel and dynamically adapts admission control decisions to enable high network utilization while preventing congestion. Through discussion, simulations and testbed experiments, we demonstrate that PAC ensures low packet loss and delay for all admitted flows. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chakeres, Ian D.] Boeing Phantom Works Math & Comp Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Belding-Royer, Elizabeth M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Macker, Joseph P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chakeres, ID (reprint author), Boeing Phantom Works Math & Comp Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM ian.chakeres@gmail.com; ebelding@cs.ucsb.edu; macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil FU NSF Career Award [CNS-0347886]; NSF NeTS Award [CNS-0435527] FX This work was supported in part by NSF Career Award CNS-0347886, by NSF NeTS Award CNS-0435527, and by a gift from the Intel Corporation. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8705 J9 AD HOC NETW JI Ad Hoc Netw. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1129 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/j.adhoc.2006.06.001 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA V89RG UT WOS:000206061200011 ER PT J AU Pearson, SH Shenenberger, DW AF Pearson, Stephen H. Shenenberger, Donald W. TI Painful erythematous nodules. SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-MARINUM; INFECTIONS; SKIN C1 USN, Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shenenberger, DW (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM donald.shenenberger@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 BP 697 EP 698 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 208VZ UT WOS:000249348600011 PM 17894139 ER PT J AU Gibbons, DE AF Gibbons, Deborah E. TI Interorganizational network structures and diffusion of information through a health system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; FIELDS AB Objectives. I used computational models to test the relationship between interorganizational network structures and diffusion of moderate- to high-priority health information throughout a system. I examined diffusion effects of mean and variance in organizational partnering tendencies, arrangement of ties among subgroups of the system, and the diffusing organization's effective network size. Methods. I used agent-based models to simulate local information-sharing processes and observe the outcomes of system-level diffusion. Graphs of diffusion curves demonstrated differences among intergroup structures, and regression models were used to test effects of parameterized and emergent network variables on diffusion. Results. The average tendency of participating organizations to engage in partnerships with other network members influenced diffusion of information, but variance in partnering tendencies had little effect. Fully connected subgroup structures outperformed hierarchical connections among subgroups, and all outperformed group-to-group chains. Introduction of a small proportion of randomness in connections among members of the chain structure improved diffusion without increasing network density. Finally, greater effective size in the diffusing organization's network increased diffusion of information. Conclusions. Small interventions that build connecting structures among subgroups within a health system can be particularly effective at facilitating natural dissemination of information. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gibbons, DE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM degibbon@nps.eda NR 28 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1684 EP 1692 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.063669 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297WM UT WOS:000255648100033 PM 17329666 ER PT J AU Betten, DP Cantrell, FL Thomas, SC Williams, SR Clark, RF AF Betten, David P. Cantrell, F. Lee Thomas, Stephen C. Williams, Saralyn R. Clark, Richard F. TI A prospective evaluation of shortened course oral N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of acute acetarninophen poisoning SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Congress-of-Clinical-Toxicology CY SEP 09-14, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP N Amer Congress Clin Toxicol ID ACUTE ACETAMINOPHEN OVERDOSE; PROTOCOL; CENTERS; CHOICE AB Study objective: Treatment with a shortened duration of oral N-acetylcysteine (20 to 48 hours) after acute acetanninophen poisoning is effective in the prevention of subsequent hepatic failure and death when administered to individuals meeting appropriate laboratory criteria. Methods: Individuals with a potentially toxic acetaminophen ingestion according to serum acetaminophen levels were identified prospectively using a large statewide poison control system database throughout a 12-month period. N-acetylcysteine was administered for a minimum of 6 doses (20 hours), after which laboratory studies were obtained. Discontinuation of N-acetylcysteine was recommended by the poison center when 2 criteria were met: serum acetaminophen was undetectable (<10 mu g/mL) and liver test results were normal (serum aminotransferase, international normalized ratio). A follow-up questionnaire was administered to individuals treated with N-acetylcysteine for 48 hours or less to ascertain the presence of: symptoms consistent with progressive hepatotoxicity. Results: Of 205 acutely poisoned individuals treated with N-acetylcysteine for 48 hours or less, 195 were successfully contacted after discharge, and 187 of 195 (95.9%) reported no symptoms consistent with hepatic failure. Eight individuals (4.1%) reported abdominal pain or vomiting; however, none received further N-acetylcysteine treatment or additional hospitalization. Conclusion: A shortened duration of treatment with /V-acetylcysteine (20 to 48 hours) may be an effective treatment option in individuals considered to be at no further risk of developing liver toxicity according to the fulfillment of appropriate laboratory criteria before /V-acetylcysteine discontinuation. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Pharm, San Diego Div, Calif Poison Control Syst, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Med Toxicol, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Betten, DP (reprint author), Sparrow Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 1215 E Michigan Ave,POB 30480, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. EM bettend@msu.edu NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.11.010 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 206YN UT WOS:000249218900011 PM 17210206 ER PT J AU Tong, TC Hernandez, M Richardson, WH Betten, DP Favata, M Riffenburgh, RH Clark, RF Tanen, DA AF Tong, Tri C. Hernandez, Mark Richardson, William H., III Betten, David P. Favata, Michael Riffenburgh, Robert H. Clark, Richard F. Tanen, David A. TI Comparative treatment of a-amanitin poisoning with N-acetylcysteine, benzylpenicillin, cimetidine, thioctic acid, and silybin in a murine model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMANITIN; PHALLOIDES; SILYMARIN; PENICILLIN; SILIBININ AB Study objective: The foraging of wild mushrooms can be complicated by toxicity from several mushroom types. Amatoxin, a peptide contained in several mushroom species, accounts for the majority of severe mushroom poisonings by binding to RNA polymerase 11 irreversibly, leading to severe hepatonecrosis. There is no effective antidote for severe amatoxin poisoning. We compare the effectiveness of 5 potential antidotal therapies in limiting the degree of hepatonecrosis in a randomized, controlled, murine model of amatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: One hundred eighty male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomized into 6 equal groups. Within each group, 21 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.6 mg/kg of a-amanitin (amatoxin); the remaining 9 were injected with 0.9% normal saline solution. Four hours postinjection, each group of 30 mice was randomized to 1 of 5 intraperitoneal treatments (N-acetylcysteine, benzylpenicillin, cimetidine, thioctic acid, or silybin) or normal saline solution. Repeated dosing was administered intraperitoneally every 4 to 6 hours for 48 hours. After 48 hours of treatment, each subject was killed, cardiac blood was aspirated for hepatic aminotransferase measurements (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), and liver specimens were harvested to evaluate the extent of hepatonecrosis. The degree of hepatonecrosis was determined by a pathologist blinded to the treatment group and divided into 5 categories according to percentage of hepatonecrosis. Results: Amanitin significantly increased aspartate transaminase in treated mice compared with normal saline solution-treated controls (mean [SID] 2,441 [2,818] IU/L versus 310 [252]; P=.03). None of the antidotal therapies were found to significantly decrease the increase in aminotransferases compared with controls. Further, none of the antidotal therapies demonstrated an important decrease in hepatonecrosis compared with controls when a histologic grading scale was used. Conclusion: In this murine model, N-acetylcysteine, benzylpenicillin, cimeticline, thioctic acid, and silybin were not effective in limiting hepatic injury after alpha-amanitin poisoning. Increases of aminotransferases and degrees of histologic hepatonecrosis were not attenuated by these antidotal therapies. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tong, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM tongtri@aol.com NR 29 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.12.015 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 206YN UT WOS:000249218900013 PM 17559970 ER PT J AU Carstairs, KL Rudinsky, SL Reardon, J Simon, LV Tanen, DA AF Carstairs, K. L. Rudinsky, S. L. Reardon, J. Simon, L., V Tanen, D. A. TI Pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis in febrile infants in the post PCV7 era SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA 117 BP S38 EP S38 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.149 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 211PL UT WOS:000249535600117 ER PT J AU Kozen, B Kircher, S Heanao, J Godinez, F Johnson, A AF Kozen, B. Kircher, S. Heanao, J. Godinez, F. Johnson, A. TI An alternative field hemostatic Agent? Comparison of a new chitosan granule dressing to existing chitosan wafer, zeolite and standard dressings, in a lethal hemorrhagic groin injury SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 Kadlec Med Ctr, Richland, WA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA 191 BP S60 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.343 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 211PL UT WOS:000249535600191 ER PT J AU Morton, MJ Holcomb, JB McManus, JG Kerr, ST Pusateri, AE AF Morton, M. J. Holcomb, J. B. McManus, J. G., Jr. Kerr, S. T. Pusateri, A. E. TI Needle versus tube thoracostomy in a swine model of traumatic tension hemopneumothorax SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Novo Nordisk AS, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA 171 BP S54 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.204 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 211PL UT WOS:000249535600171 ER PT J AU Rudinsky, SL Reardon, J Carstairs, KL Simon, LV Tanen, DA AF Rudinsky, S. L. Reardon, J. Carstairs, K. L. Simon, L., V Tanen, D. A. TI Leukocytosis and height of fever as predictors of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants presenting to the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 08-09, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA 118 BP S38 EP S39 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.150 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 211PL UT WOS:000249535600118 ER PT J AU LoPiccolo, J Granville, CA Gills, JJ Dennis, PA AF LoPiccolo, Jaclyn Granville, Courtney A. Gills, Joell J. Dennis, Phillip A. TI Targeting Akt in cancer therapy SO ANTI-CANCER DRUGS LA English DT Review DE Akt inhibitors; cancer therapy; drug development; molecular targets ID PROTEIN-KINASE-B; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; GROWTH-FACTOR-RECEPTOR; PLECKSTRIN-HOMOLOGY-DOMAIN; SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITOR; PHASE-II TRIAL; TRICYCLIC NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATE; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE AB In an effort to improve therapeutic options in cancer, many investigational drugs are being developed to inhibit signaling pathways that promote the survival of cancer cells. The prototypic pathway that promotes cellular survival is the phosphoinositide 3'-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which is constitutively activated in many types of cancers. Mechanisms for activation of the serine/threonine kinase, Akt, include loss of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) function, amplification or mutation of phosphoinositide 3'-kinase, amplification of Akt, activation of growth factor receptors and exposure to carcinogens. Activation of Akt promotes cellular survival as well as resistance to treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Immunohistochemical analyses have shown that Akt is activated in many types of cancers and preneoplastic lesions, and Akt activation is a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Akt is a valid target for inhibition. This review will focus on published data using different approaches to inhibit Akt. We will also consider how the complex regulation of the phosphoinositide 3'-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway poses practical issues concerning the design of clinical trials, potential toxicities and the likelihood of finding a therapeutic index when targeting such a critical cellular pathway. C1 USN, Med Oncol Branch, Canc Res Ctr, NCI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Oncol Branch, Canc Res Ctr, NCI, Bldg 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pdennis@nih.gov NR 144 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4973 J9 ANTI-CANCER DRUG JI Anti-Cancer Drugs PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 8 BP 861 EP 874 PG 14 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 200XE UT WOS:000248795300001 PM 17667591 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI 'In the brief Egyptian spring' SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Fiction, Creative Prose C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 USA SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 4 BP 636 EP 662 PG 27 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 228XY UT WOS:000250767100004 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Lane, WM Cotton, WD Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Perley, RA Condon, JJ Erickson, WC AF Cohen, A. S. Lane, W. M. Cotton, W. D. Kassim, N. E. Lazio, T. J. W. Perley, R. A. Condon, J. J. Erickson, W. C. TI The VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; catalogs; radio continuum : general; surveys ID REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXIES; NONCOPLANAR ARRAYS; 1ST SURVEY; SPECTRUM; SCALE AB The VLA Low- frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) has imaged 95% of the 3 pi sr of sky north of delta=-30 degrees at a frequency of 74MHz ( 4 m wavelength). The resolution is 8000 ( FWHM) throughout, and the typical rms noise level is approximate to 0: 1 Jy beam(1.) The typical point- source detection limit is 0.7 Jy beam(1,) and so far nearly 70,000 sources have been cataloged. This survey used the 74MHz system added to the VLA in 1998. It required new imaging algorithms to remove the large ionospheric distortions at this very low frequency throughout the entire similar to 11.9 degrees field of view. This paper describes the observation and data reduction methods used for the VLSS and presents the survey images and source catalog. All of the calibrated images and the source catalog are available from the VLSS Web site for use by the astronomical community. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aaron.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; wendy.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 223 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 1245 EP 1262 DI 10.1086/520719 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QD UT WOS:000249058200028 ER PT J AU Tasse, C Rottgering, HJA Best, PN Cohen, AS Pierre, M Wilman, R AF Tasse, C. Rottgering, H. J. A. Best, P. N. Cohen, A. S. Pierre, M. Wilman, R. TI GMRT observations of the XMM large scale structure survey field SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; methods : statistical; surveys; galaxies : active; radio continuum : galaxies; cosmology : large-scale structure of Universe ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; RADIO-SOURCES; SKY SURVEY; COUNTERPART; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; YOUNG AB The low-frequency radio survey of the XMM-Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) field aims to study the connection between the extragalactic radio source populations and their environment as traced by X-ray and optical emission. In this paper we present new radio observations of the XMM-LSS field carried out using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 240 and 610 MHz. These observations complement the observations presented by Cohen at al. ( 2003, ApJ, 591, 640) and Tasse et al. (2006, A&A, 456, 791) at 74 and 325 MHz with the Very Large Array. At 240 and 610 MHz, we reach noise levels of similar to 2.5 and similar to 0.3 mJy/beam, leading to the detection of 466 and 769 sources over 18.0 and 12.7 degree(2) with resolutions of 14.7'' and 6.5'' respectively. Combining these data with the available source lists at 74, 325 ( Tasse et al. 2006, A&A, 456, 791) and 1400 MHz (NVSS), we build a multifrequency catalogue containing 1611 radio sources. We check for consistency of the astrometry and flux density estimates. We fit a simple synchrotron radiation model to the flux density measurements of the 318 radio sources being detected in at least 4 bands. While similar to 26% of them show signature of spectral ageing, similar to 6% show self absorption. C1 Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Royal Observ, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Tasse, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM tasse@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 471 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1116 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066986 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199FY UT WOS:000248682800043 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for MgIX SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID BE-LIKE IONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; BERYLLIUM-LIKE IONS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; EMISSION-LINES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Mg IX. The configurations used are 2s(2), 2s2p, 2P(2), 2l3l', 2l4l' and 2s5l, with l = s, p and l' = s, p, d giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at seven incident energies (6, 12, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 Ry) for the transitions within the three lowest configurations, and five incident energies (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 Ry) for transitions between the ground configuration and the n = 3,4,5 configurations. Calculations have been carried out using the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-Matrix results for the 2s(2), 2s2p, 2p(2) configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-1) at an electron temperature of log T-e (K) = 6.0, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Mg IX Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. Observed line ratios indicate electron temperatures of the emitting plasma which agree with log T-e (K) = 6.0. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANTI database. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 742 EP 778 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2007.06.001 PG 37 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 205IH UT WOS:000249106700004 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Doschek, G. A. TI Improved low-lying energy levels determined from solar coronal forbidden and spin-forbidden lines in the 500-1500 angstrom range SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID GROUND CONFIGURATION; WAVELENGTH RANGE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SUMER; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; CHIANTI; CO AB We list observed parity-forbidden and spin-forbidden lines in the 500-1600 angstrom range emitted by solar coronal plasmas and derive improved energy levels from their wavelengths. The lines, emitted by astrophysical abundant elements, belong to transitions within the ground configurations of the type ns(2) np(k) for n = 2,3 and k = 0-5, and between the lowest term of the first excited configuration 2s2p(k+1) and the 2s(2) 2p(k) ground configurations for k = 0, 1, 2. For each line we give the newly measured wavelength, and the measured or predicted wavelength from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ASD) (which except for a few cases includes the previously reported compilation of Kaufman and Sugar [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 15 (1986) 321]), and the values of the transition probability taken from the ASD and CHIANTI database. The list contains measured wavelengths of 136 lines of which over 100 were not available for the Kaufman and Sugar compilation. In addition we provide energy levels that were derived from the reported lines. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), ARTEP Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM george.doschek@nri.navy.mil NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 779 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.adt.06.002 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 205IH UT WOS:000249106700005 ER PT J AU Wu, HF Smith, TA Huang, HY Wang, JB Deschamps, JR Coop, A AF Wu, Huifang Smith, Trudy A. Huang, Hongyan Wang, Jia Bei Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Coop, Andrew TI Functionalization of the 6,14-bridge of the orvinols. Part 3: Preparation and pharmacological evaluation of 18- and 19-hydroxyl substituted orvinols SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analgesics; partial agonism; drug abuse ID MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR; THEVINOLS AB The orvinols are a class of potent opioids which have been extensively studied, yet little is known about the effects of introducing substituents into the 18- and 19-positions. The etheno bridge of thevinone was hydroxylated to give both the 18- and 19-hydroxyl substituted thevinols. After 3-O-demethylation to the corresponding orvinols, binding and GTP gamma S functional assays indicated that hydroxyl substitution at the 18- and 19-positions differentially affects the mu opioid efficacy of orvinols. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coop, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St,Room 637, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM acoop@rx.umaryland.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA013583-05, F31 DA006002, R01 DA013583, DA13583, K02 DA019634-03, K02 DA019634, Y01 DA006002, K02 DA018722, DA6002] NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 17 BP 4829 EP 4831 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.050 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 205YS UT WOS:000249151700020 PM 17601735 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI SHEBA flux-profile relationships in the stable atmospheric boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; flux-profile relationships; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; SHEBA experiment; stable boundary layer ID MONIN-OBUKHOV SIMILARITY; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; SURFACE-LAYER; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; STRONG STABILITY; WIND-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; ICE; CONSTANT AB Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) are used to examine the profile stability functions of momentum, phi m, and sensible heat, phi h, in the stably stratified boundary layer over the Arctic pack ice. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data that cover different surface conditions and a wide range of stability conditions were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main tower for 11 months. The comprehensive dataset collected during SHEBA allows studying phi m and phi h in detail and includes ample data for the very stable case. New parameterizations for phi m(zeta) and phi h(zeta) in stable conditions are proposed to describe the SHEBA data; these cover the entire range of the stability parameter zeta = z/L from neutral to very stable conditions, where L is the Obukhov length and z is the measurement height. In the limit of very strong stability, phi m follows a zeta(1/3) dependence, whereas phi h initially increases with increasing zeta, reaches a maximum at zeta approximate to 10, and then tends to level off with increasing zeta. The effects of self-correlation, which occur in plots of phi m and phi h versus zeta, are reduced by using an independent bin-averaging method instead of conventional averaging. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 62 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9177-6 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195MX UT WOS:000248417400001 ER PT J AU Katsouvas, GD Helmis, CG Wang, Q AF Katsouvas, George D. Helmis, Costas G. Wang, Qing TI Quadrant analysis of the scalar and momentum fluxes in the stable marine atmospheric surface layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gaussian distribution; Gram-Charlier series; marine atmospheric boundary layer; momentum fluxes; quadrant analysis; scalar fluxes ID REYNOLDS STRESS; MOTIONS; FIELD; HEAT AB The quadrant technique, a conditional sampling approach that allocates Reynolds stresses into four different types of events (ejections or bursts, sweeps, inward interactions and outward interactions), is applied to stable marine atmospheric boundary-layer data, collected in the framework of the Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer, Low wind component experiment at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USA. The general properties of both scalar and momentum transport are analyzed under the scope of quadrant analysis experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the third-order Gram-Charlier series is necessary and even sufficient in most of the cases, in describing the experimental time and flux contributions of each quadrant to the total transfer, for both scalar and momentum transport, while the ability of the Gaussian distribution is limited to outlining the general pattern of these quantities. Moreover, a threshold value is applied to the conditional analysis, separating the most important events from the less significant ones and the sensitivity of the flux and especially the time fraction of each quadrant on the choice of this value is presented and discussed. Also, a set of numerically extracted equations, completing the analytical relations, is derived, enabling the prediction of the time and flux fractions of each quadrant, for a wide range of correlation coefficient and threshold values. Finally, the sensitivity of the analysis to the atmospheric stability and the Reynolds averaging scales showed that correlated and uncorrelated motions tend to balance for increasingly stable conditions and/or for large time scales. C1 Univ Athens, Fac Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Helmis, CG (reprint author), Univ Athens, Fac Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Univ Campus,Bldg Phys 5, Athens 15784, Greece. EM chelmis@phys.uoa.gr NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 335 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9169-6 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195MX UT WOS:000248417400002 ER PT J AU Stroup, SP Cullen, J Auge, BK L'Esperance, JO Kang, SK AF Stroup, Sean P. Cullen, Jennifer Auge, Brian K. L'Esperance, James O. Kang, Song K. TI Effect of obesity on prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer as measured by the 2006 radiation therapy oncology group-American society for therapeutic radiation and oncology (RTOG-ASTRO) phoenix consensus definition SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; obesity; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence; body mass index; external beam radiation therapy; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-American Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology (RTOG-ASTRO) Phoenix consensus. ID BODY-MASS INDEX; EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PATHOLOGICAL VARIABLES; UNITED-STATES; MEN; BRACHYTHERAPY; FAILURE; RISK; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND. Given the limited data regarding the impact of obesity oil treatment outcomes after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for the definitive treatment of prostate cancer, the authors sought to evaluate the effect of obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) on biochemical disease recurrence (BCR) using the most current 2006 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-American Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology (RTOG-ASTRO) Phoenix consensus definition (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir + 2 ng/mL). METHODS. A retrospective cohort study identified men who underwent primary EBRT for localized prostate cancer between 1989 and 2003 using the Center for prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multi-center National Database. BMI was calculated (in kg/m(2)) and the data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine whether BMI significantly predicted BCR. RESULTS. Of the 1868 eligible patients, 399 (21%) were obese. The median age of the patients and pretreatment PSA level were 70.2 years and 8.2 ng/mL, respectively. Of 1320 patients for whom data were available with which to calcutate PSA recurrence (PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL), a total of 554 men (42.0%) experienced BCR. On univariate analysis, BMI was found to be an independent predictor of PSA recurrence (P =.02), as was race, pretreatment PSA level, EBRT dose, clinical T classification, Gleason score, PSA nadir, and the use of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). On multivariate analysis, BMI remained a significant predictor of BCR (P =.008). CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to report the association between obesity and BCR after EBRT for localized prostate cancer as measured by the updated 2006 RTOG-ASTRO definition. A higher BMI is associated with greater odds of BCR after undergoing definitive EBRT. Cancer 2007;110:1003-9. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Epidemiol, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Stroup, SP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM spstroup@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1009 DI 10.1002/cncr.22873 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 206NV UT WOS:000249191100010 PM 17614338 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, T. L. TI Optimizing chaos-based signals for complex radar targets SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE MTI; FM SIGNALS; DESIGN; ATTRACTORS; ARRAYS; NOISE AB There has been interest in the use of chaotic signals for radar, but most researchers consider only a few chaotic systems and how these signals perform for the detection of point targets. The range of possible chaotic signals is far greater than what most of these researchers consider, so to demonstrate this, I use a chaotic map whose parameters may be adjusted by a numerical optimization routine, producing different chaotic signals that are modulated onto a carrier and optimized for different situations. It is also suggested that any advantage for these chaos-based signals may come in the detection of complex targets, not point targets, and I compare the performance of chaos-based signals to a standard radar signal, the linear frequency modulated chirp. I find that I can optimize a chaos-based signal to increase the cross-correlation with the reflection from one complex target compared to the cross-correlation with the reflection from a different target, thus allowing the identification of a complex target. I am also able to increase the cross-correlation of the reflection from a complex target compared with the cross-correlation with the reflection from spatially extended clutter. I show that a larger output signal-to-noise ratio is possible if I cross-correlate with a reference signal that is different from the transmitted signal, and I justify my results by showing how the ambiguity diagram for a chaos-based signal can be different than the ambiguity diagram for a noise signal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.L.Carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.2751392 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 215CY UT WOS:000249787100003 PM 17902985 ER PT J AU Brett-Major, DM Brett-Major, SM AF Brett-Major, David M. Brett-Major, Sherry M. TI Water source outbreaks, policy, and the South Bass Island investigation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Columbus Sch Law, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Brett-Major, DM (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM BrettMajor@aol.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 666 EP 667 DI 10.1086/521971 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 197LM UT WOS:000248557000034 PM 17683009 ER PT J AU Matteucci, MJ Auten, JD Combs, D Crowley, B Clark, RF AF Matteucci, M. J. Auten, J. D. Combs, D. Crowley, B. Clark, R. F. TI Adolescent methamphetamine exposures SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 MA 226 BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 214UE UT WOS:000249762900226 ER PT J AU Janssen, TT Battjes, JA AF Janssen, T. T. Battjes, J. A. TI A note on wave energy dissipation over steep beaches SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wave breaking; random waves; steep beach; surf zone; Rayleigh distribution ID BREAKING WAVES; TRANSFORMATION AB This paper revisits the derivation of the parametric surf zone model proposed by Baldock et al. [Baldock, T. E., Holmes, P., Bunker, S. & Van Weert, P. 1998 Cross-shore hydrodynamics within an unsaturated surf zone. Coast. Eng. 34, 173-196.]. We show that a consistent use of the proposed Rayleigh distribution for surf zone wave heights results in modification of the expressions for the bulk dissipation rate and enhanced dissipation levels on steep beaches and over-saturated surf zone conditions. As a consequence, the modification proposed herein renders the model robust even on steep beaches where it could otherwise develop a shoreline singularity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. RP Janssen, TT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tjanssen@nps.edu; j.battjes@ct.tudelft.nl NR 12 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 54 IS 9 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2007.05.006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 216GB UT WOS:000249865400006 ER PT J AU Trickett, SB Trafton, JG AF Trickett, Susan Bell Trafton, J. Gregory TI "What if...": The use of conceptual Simulations in scientific reasoning SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scientific reasoning; scientific discovery; visualization; model-based reasoning; analogy; problem solving; in vivo observation ID EXPERT PERFORMANCE; DEPICTIVE MODELS; MENTAL MODEL; ACQUISITION; DISCOVERY; STRATEGY; ANALOGY AB The term conceptual simulation refers to a type of everyday reasoning strategy commonly called "what if" reasoning. It has been suggested in a number of contexts that this type of reasoning plays an important role in scientific discovery; however, little direct evidence exists to support this claim. This article proposes that conceptual simulation is likely to be used in situations of informational uncertainty, and may be used to help scientists resolve that uncertainty. We conducted two studies to investigate the relationship between conceptual simulation and informational uncertainty. Study 1 was an in vivo study of expert scientists; the results suggest that scientists do use conceptual simulation in situations of infort-national uncertainty, and that they use conceptual simulation to make inferences from their data using the analogical reasoning process of alignment by similarity detection. Study 2 experimentally manipulated experts' level of uncertainty and provides further support for the hypothesis that conceptual simulation is more likely to be used in situations of informational uncertainty. Finally, we discuss the relationship between conceptual simulation and other types of reasoning using qualitative mental models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickett, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM trickett@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 843 EP 875 DI 10.1080/03640210701530771 PG 33 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 223FG UT WOS:000250354400004 PM 21635319 ER PT J AU Kennedy, WG Trafton, JG AF Kennedy, William G. Trafton, J. Gregory TI Long-term symbolic learning SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE long-term learning; symbolic learning; computational cognitive modeling; ACT-R; soar; computational performance; utility problem ID SKILL ACQUISITION; INTEGRATED THEORY; MEMORY; MODEL AB What are the characteristics of long-term learning? We investigated the characteristics of long-term, symbolic learning using the Soar and ACT-R cognitive architectures running cognitive models of two simple tasks. Long sequences of problems were run collecting data to answer fundamental questions about long-term, symbolic learning. We examined whether symbolic learning continues inde. finitely, how the learned knowledge is used, and whether computational performance degrades over the long term. We report three. findings. First, in both systems, symbolic learning eventually stopped. Second, learned knowledge was used diff. erently in different stages but the resulting production knowledge was used uniformly. Finally, both Soar and ACT-R do eventually suffer from degraded computational performance with long-term continuous learning. We also discuss ACT-R implementation and theoretic causes of ACT-R's computational performance problems and settings that appear to avoid the performance problems in ACT-R. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kennedy, WG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wkennedy@itd.nrl.navy.mil; trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Kennedy, William/B-1697-2008 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.06.005 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 223PG UT WOS:000250383600010 ER PT J AU Flanagin, M Grenotton, A Ratcliff, J Shaw, KB Sample, J Abdelguerfi, M AF Flanagin, Maik Grenotton, Aurelien Ratcliff, Jay Shaw, Kevin B. Sample, John Abdelguerfi, Mahdi TI Hydraulic splines - A hybrid approach to modeling river channel geometries SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The hydraulic spline algorithm generates irregular 2D channel grids from highly accurate cross-sectional survey data at any desired resolution, facilitating its integration with high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. Ecole Cent, Nantes, France. Naval Res Lab, Digital Mapping Charting & Geodesy Anal Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Flanagin, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. EM maik.c.flanagin@mvn02.usace.army.mil; jay.ratcliff@usace.army.mil; shaw@nrlssc.navy.mil; sample@nrlssc.navy.mil; mahdi@cs.uno.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.99 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 200XV UT WOS:000248797000002 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI Carving contiguous and fragmented files with fast object validation SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual DFRWS Conference 2007 CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE DFRWS Carving Challenge; file carving; fragmentation; object validation; Bifragment Gap Carving AB "File carving'' reconstructs files based on their content, rather than using metadata that points to the content. Carving is widely used for forensics and data recovery, but no file carvers can automatically reassemble fragmented files. We survey files from more than 300 hard drives acquired on the secondary market and show that the ability to reassemble fragmented files is an important requirement for forensic work. Next we analyze the file carving problem, arguing that rapid, accurate carving is best performed by a multi-tier decision problem that seeks to quickly validate or discard candidate byte strings - "objects'' - from the media to be carved. Validators for the JPEG, Microsoft OLE ( MSOLE) and ZIP file formats are discussed. Finally, we show how high speed validators can be used to reassemble fragmented files. (C) 2007 DFRWS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Res Computat & Soc, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM simsong@acm.org NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 SU 1 BP S2 EP S12 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2007.06.017 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 294RS UT WOS:000255423800002 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI Smoking in restaurants: Who best to set the house rules? SO ECON JOURNAL WATCH LA English DT Article DE smoking; smoke-free; externalities; restaurants AB Alamar and Glantz interpret smoking in restaurants as a market failure, and they claim that restaurants should welcome government laws that disallow smoking in all restaurants. Contrary to their claims, restaurant owners do have an incentive to eliminate smoking if doing so raises the value of their restaurants. In restaurants, smokers do not impose negative externalities on non-smokers because restaurant owners have well-defined property rights that cause them to internalize the costs and benefits of smoking. Alamar and Glantz claim to show that non-smoking ordinances increase the capital value of restaurants, but their own data do not, in fact, show that. Finally, if it were true that eliminating smoking in restaurants raises the value of restaurants, then the proper approach would be, not to coerce restaurant owners, but to inform them of that fact. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM davidrhenderson1950@gmail.com NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST SPONTANEOUS ORDER ECONOMICS PI FAIRFAX PA 9745 KINGS CROWN COURT #102, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA SN 1933-527X J9 ECON J WATCH JI Econ. J. Watch PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 284 EP U10 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 299KX UT WOS:000255755600001 ER PT J AU Zhu, XK Joyce, JA AF Zhu, Xian-Kui Joyce, James A. TI J-resistance curve testing of HY80 steel using SE(B) specimens and normalization method SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fracture testing; fracture toughness; J-R curve; SE(B) specimen; shallow crack; HY80 steel; elastic compliance method; normalization method ID J-R CURVES; PLASTIC ETA-FACTOR; BEND SPECIMENS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; SHALLOW CRACKS; GROWTH AB The normalization method is adopted for standard and nonstandard specimens in this paper to develop J-R curves for HY80 steel directly from load versus load-line displacement records without use of automatic crack length measurement. The standard specimens usually contain high crack-tip constraints, while the nonstandard specimens involve low crack-tip constraints. To obtain J-R curves with different constraints, a series of single edge notched bend (SE(B)) specimens with different crack lengths for an HY80 steel are tested in accordance with ASTM standard E1820. The normalization method is then used for determining crack extension and J-R curves for these SE(B) specimens. To validate the normalization method, the J-R curves determined using the normalization method are compared with those obtained by the elastic unloading compliance method for the SE(B) specimens. The comparison shows that good agreements exist between the two methods, and the normalization method is a viable tool to be used to determine J-R curves of the HY80 steel for the standard as well as nonstandard SE(B) specimens. In the J-integral calculations, the resistance curve test method, the basic test method and the modified basic test method specified in ASTM E 1820 are evaluated. The results indicate that the modified basic method can be equivalent to the resistance curve method. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zhu, XK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM zhux@battelle.org; jaj@usna.edu NR 28 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 74 IS 14 BP 2263 EP 2281 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.10.018 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 186BM UT WOS:000247754100008 ER EF