FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kim, JC Tischler, JG Canedy, CL Aifer, EH Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Whitman, LJ AF Kim, J. C. Tischler, J. G. Canedy, C. L. Aifer, E. H. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Whitman, L. J. TI Controlling interfacial disorder and strain of W-structured type-II superlattices using As-2 flux SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE interfaces; morphological stability; antimonides; molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; infrared devices ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; V SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; LASERS; PHOTODIODES; ROUGHNESS; ASYMMETRY AB We have investigated how the photoluminescence varies with strain induced by interfacial disorder in W-structured type-II superlattices (WSLs). WSLs with compressive, tensile, and very low strain were grown using varying As-2-to-In flux ratios during InAs layer growth. The strain was determined using X-ray diffraction, and the atomic-scale WSL structure was characterized by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. The changes in the interfacial structures with flux ratio and their effects on the optical properties can be qualitatively understood in terms of competing changes in growth surface morphology and anion cross-incorporation and their net effects on SL strain. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 303 IS 2 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.01.016 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 171NE UT WOS:000246741900022 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Kulagina, NV O'Shaughnessy, TJ Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ AF Selinger, Jonathan V. Kulagina, Nadezhda V. O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J. Ma, Wu Pancrazio, Joseph J. TI Methods for characterizing interspike intervals and identifying bursts in neuronal activity SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE neuronal activity; interspike interval histogram; burst identification; neuron-based biosensor; algorithm ID SPINAL-CORD; NETWORKS AB Neurons produce complex patterns of electrical spikes, which are often clustered in bursts. The patterns of spikes and bursts can change substantially when neurons are exposed to toxins and chemical agents. For that reason, characterization of these patterns is important for the development of neuron-based biosensors for environmental threat exposure. Here, we develop a quantitative approach to describe the distribution of interspike intervals, based on plotting histograms of the logarithm of the interspike interval. This approach provides a method for automatically classifying spikes into bursts, which does not depend on assumptions about the burst parameters. Furthermore, the approach provides a sensitive technique for detecting changes in spike and burst patterns induced by pharmacological exposure. Hence, it is suitable for use both as a research tool and for deployment in a neuron-based biosensor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, POB 5190, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM jvs@lci.kent.edu RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.12.003 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 167CR UT WOS:000246429000009 PM 17258322 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Casalini, R. TI Dynamics of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate): Neat and in blends with poly(alpha-methylstyrene) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; POLYISOPRENE/POLY(VINYLETHYLENE) BLENDS; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS AB Pressure - volume - temperature measurements, calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy at ambient and elevated pressures were carried out on poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA) and its blend with poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PaMS). Both the glass transition temperature and local segmental relaxation times, tau(alpha), go through a maximum as a function of blend composition, plausibly due to a negative excess volume. Using a nonlinear function for the composition dependence of T(g), a value of the self-concentration parameter of the Lodge - McLeish model is determined, which is close to that calculated from the PCHMA chain statistics. For both neat PCHMA and the blend, the tau(alpha) superpose as a function of TV(gamma). Since the breadth of the local segmental relaxation dispersion is a unique function of tau(alpha), this means that the parameter gamma defines both the magnitude and distribution of relaxation times. The thermodynamic scaling for the blend was corroborated by calculating the exponent gamma from the isochronal thermal expansion coefficient, determined from the pressure coefficient of T(g). gamma increases upon blending, consistent with a larger activation volume of PCHMA when mixed with the PaMS. PCHMA exhibits a weak beta-relaxation, which lacks correspondence to the segmental dynamics and thus is presumably due to local motion of the carbonyl group. A more intense gamma-relaxation and a frequency-insensitive loss at higher frequencies are also observed. Unlike the segmental process, these secondary relaxations are insensitive to blending. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 104 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3631 EP 3639 DI 10.1021/ma0702849 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 165CE UT WOS:000246280600020 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Khurgin, Jacob B. Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. TI Add-drop filters based on mode-conversion cavities SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRATINGS AB A new type of a resonator defined by two or more mode-converting gratings in a waveguide is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that the proposed structure can exhibit narrow resonances similar to Fabry-Perot cavities but has an advantage of being a four-port device and thus is capable of serving as an add-drop filter. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1253 EP 1255 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001253 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 162WU UT WOS:000246121000019 PM 17440551 ER PT J AU Pearl, JP Xu, H Leopardi, F Preston, E Kirk, AD AF Pearl, Jonathan P. Xu, He Leopardi, Frank Preston, Edwin Kirk, Allan D. TI CD154 blockade, sirolimus, and donor-specific transfusion prevents renal allograft rejection in cynomolgus monkeys despite homeostatic T-cell activation SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE primate models; costimulation; renal transplantation ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; INTRAHEPATIC ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL; MEMORY-LIKE PHENOTYPE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE; ANTI-CD154 ANTIBODY; COSTIMULATORY REQUIREMENTS; HUMANIZED ANTI-CD154; SKIN ALLOGRAFTS AB Background. CD154-specific antibodies have been shown to prevent acute rejection in many preclinical models including nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, they have been ineffective in pilot clinical trials, suggesting a need for more robust preclinical analysis. One factor affecting the disparate results may be related to the recipient's immune activation state. Specifically, adult humans have a high percentage of memory-phenotype T cells compared to young animals. Postdepletional homeostatic repopulation has been shown to enrich for memory-phenotype T cells and interfere with CD154-based therapies in rodents. Methods. We developed a NHP model nonspecifically enriched for peripheral memory-phenotype T cells. Thymectomized cynomolgus macaques underwent depletion with polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulin followed by repopulation. Peripheral phenotype was serially determined using polychromatic flow cytometry. In vitro response to donor and environmental antigens was also confirmed before and after manipulation. We then tested a regimen previously successful in rhesus monkeys combining anti-CD154, sirolimus, and donor-specific blood transfusion (DST), in a second primate species with and without the provocation of increased peripheral homeostatic T-cell activation. Results. Monkeys that were thymectomized (n=3) and depleted recovered via homeostatic repopulation with a repertoire enriched for cells with a memory surface phenotype compared to unmanipulated controls (n=3). Despite a repertoire markedly enriched for memory-phenotype cells, the regimen effectively prevented acute rejection for the duration of therapy. Conclusions. Cynomolgus monkeys can be rendered memory phenotype enriched using homeostatic repopulation. Despite a generally activated T-cell repertoire, anti-CD154, sirolimus, and DST effectively prevents rejection in cynomoigus monkeys. C1 NIDDK, Transplantat Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), Room 5-5752,Bldg 10CRC,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM allank@intra.niddk.nih.gov RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 43 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1225 DI 10.1097/01.tp.0000259929.04596.d5 PG 7 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 170MW UT WOS:000246668500014 PM 17496539 ER PT J AU Kim, H Cepler, A Osofsky, MS Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Kim, H. Cepler, A. Osofsky, M. S. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Pique, A. TI Fabrication of Zr-N codoped p-type ZnO thin films by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB N-doped and Zr-N codoped p-type ZnO films were grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The carrier type and conduction are very sensitive to N2O deposition pressure. p-type conduction is observed only for films grown at an intermediate pressure range (5x10(-5)-5x10(-4) Torr). The Zr-N codoped ZnO films grown at 500 degrees C in 5x10(-5) Torr of N2O show p-type conduction behavior with a low resistivity of 0.026 Omega cm, a carrier concentration of 5.5x10(19) cm(-3), and a mobility of 4.4 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). The p-type conduction behavior of Zr-N codoped ZnO films is also confirmed by the rectifying I-V characteristics of p-n heterojunctions (p-ZnO/n-Si). (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6364,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 203508 DI 10.1063/1.2739363 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500090 ER PT J AU Park, HD Prokes, SM AF Park, Hyun D. Prokes, S. M. TI Study of the initial nucleation and growth of catalyst-free InAs and Ge nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES AB The authors have examined the nucleation conditions in the growth of catalyst-free InAs and Ge nanowires (NWs) on porous Si, as well as the growth of InAs NWs on a SiO2 substrate using 10 nm sized In nanoparticles. The NW growths were performed in a closed system. The results suggest that all the NWs grew from a solid nucleation state. For the growth using In nanoparticles, the results suggest that the growth mechanism is very different from the vapor-liquid-solid, in that the nanowire growth only begins after the nucleation particle solidifies. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Park, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 20 AR 203104 DI 10.1063/1.2740105 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169WT UT WOS:000246623500070 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM Capaccioli, S AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. Capaccioli, S. TI Effect of chain length on fragility and thermodynamic scaling of the local segmental dynamics in poly(methylmethacrylate) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION-TIME; EQUATION-OF-STATE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS AB Local segmental relaxation properties of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) of varying molecular weight are measured by dielectric spectroscopy and analyzed in combination with the equation of state obtained from PVT measurements. Significant variations of glass transition temperature and fragility with molecular weight are observed. In accord with the general properties of glass-forming materials, single molecular weight dependent scaling exponent gamma is sufficient to define the mean segmental relaxation time tau(alpha) and its distribution. This exponent can be connected to the Gruneisen parameter and related thermodynamic quantities, thus demonstrating the interrelationship between dynamics and thermodynamics in PMMA. Changes in the relaxation properties ("dynamic crossover") are observed as a function of both temperature and pressure, with tau(alpha) serving as the control parameter for the crossover. At longer tau(alpha) another change in the dynamics is apparent, associated with a decoupling of the local segmental process from ionic conductivity. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR, INFM, CRS SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 116 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 18 AR 184903 DI 10.1063/1.2728898 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 167LT UT WOS:000246453900046 PM 17508828 ER PT J AU Daly, SM Grassi, M Shenoy, DK Ugozzoli, F Dalcanale, E AF Daly, Susan M. Grassi, Michele Shenoy, Devanand K. Ugozzoli, Franco Dalcanale, Enrico TI Supramolecular surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for organophosphorus vapor detection SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ACOUSTIC-WAVE; AROMATIC VAPORS; WARFARE AGENTS; THIN-FILMS; CAVITANDS; MOLECULES; POLYMERS; RECOGNITION; SELECTIVITY AB We synthesized cavitands containing COOH moieties at the upper rim of the cavity and evaluated the interaction between these cavitands and the sarin nerve gas simulant, dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. The carboxylic acid group on the cavitand is expected to form a hydrogen bond with the P=O group of the organophosphorus vapors. Films of these cavitands produced a rapid and reversible SPR response to low concentrations of DMMP. We observed concentration dependent sorption of the DMMP molecule into the COOH containing layer in the ppb to ppm range. Spin-cast films and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) depositions of bilayer thick cavitand films produced identical SPR shifts upon exposure to DMMP. The sensitivity of the sensor was enhanced via LB deposition of multiple bilayers. Eight-layer-thick films of the COOH cavitand showed sensitivity to DMMP concentrations as low as 16 ppb. The orientation of the COOH group into or out of the cavitand did not affect DMMP binding, but strongly influenced the water uptake. In both cases the molecular recognition event responsible for the DMMP uptake has been elucidated via crystal structure analyses of the complexes of COOH in/out cavitands with DMMP. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the COOH containing cavitand had an SPR sensitivity to DMMP higher than the standard fluoropolyol sensing layer, and that the cavitand layer was less prone to water vapor and alcohol interferences. Hence, cavitand layers containing a COOH moiety are promising for use as sensitive and specific sensors for nerve gas agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Gen & Inorgan, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Daly, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM enrico.dalcanale@unipr.it RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Ugozzoli, Franco/0000-0002-7609-7975; Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 18 BP 1809 EP 1818 DI 10.1039/b615516b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 170VL UT WOS:000246694200019 ER PT J AU Divin, AV Sitnov, MI Swisdak, M Drake, JF AF Divin, A. V. Sitnov, M. I. Swisdak, M. Drake, J. F. TI Reconnection onset in the magnetotail: Particle simulations with open boundary conditions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; SHEET; TAIL AB The mechanism of the onset of magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas in the tails of planetary magnetospheres and similar processes in the solar corona is one of the most fundamental and yet not fully solved problems of space plasma physics. Modeling the onset with particle codes requires either extremely large simulation boxes or open boundary conditions. In this Letter we report on simulations of reconnection in the magnetotail that incorporate open boundaries. In a simulation setup with the initial geometry similar to that of the GEM Reconnection Challenge bursts of spontaneous reconnection are detected in outflow regions that mimic magnetotails. They strongly resemble the ion tearing instability predicted by Schindler [ 1974] as a mechanism of magnetospheric substorms. Quenching the onset by replacing open boundary conditions for particles with their reintroduction reveals the key role of passing particles in the tearing destabilization. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Divin, AV (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, Univ Skaya Nab 7-9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM andrey.div@geo.phys.spbu.ru; sitnov@umd.edu RI Divin, Andrey/E-4501-2015; Sitnov, Mikhail/H-2316-2016 OI Divin, Andrey/0000-0002-5579-3066; NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 AR L09109 DI 10.1029/2007GL029292 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 168AM UT WOS:000246494400003 ER PT J AU McNally, DJ Aubry, AJ Hui, JPM Khieu, NH Whitfield, D Ewing, CP Guerry, P Brisson, JR Logan, SM Soo, EC AF McNally, David J. Aubry, Annie J. Hui, Joseph P. M. Khieu, Nam H. Whitfield, Dennis Ewing, Cheryl P. Guerry, Patricia Brisson, Jean-Robert Logan, Susan M. Soo, Evelyn C. TI Targeted metabolomics analysis of Campylobacter coli VC167 reveals legionaminic acid derivatives as novel flagellar glycans SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; O-CHAIN POLYSACCHARIDE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PSEUDAMINIC ACID; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CHEMICAL STRUCTURES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AB Glycosylation of Campylobacter flagellin is required for the biogenesis of a functional flagella filament. Recently, we used a targeted metabolomics approach using mass spectrometry and NMR to identify changes in the metabolic profile of wild type and mutants in the flagellar glycosylation locus, characterize novel metabolites, and assign function to genes to define the pseudaminic acid biosynthetic pathway in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (McNally, D. J., Hui, J. P., Aubry, A. J., Mui, K. K., Guerry, P., Brisson, J. R., Logan, S. M., and Soo, E. C. ( 2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 18489 - 18498). In this study, we use a similar approach to further define the glycome and metabolomic complement of nucleotide-activated sugars in Campylobacter coli VC167. Herein we demonstrate that, in addition to CMP-pseudaminic acid, C. coli VC167 also produces two structurally distinct nucleotide-activated nonulosonate sugars that were observed as negative ions at m/z 637 and m/z 651 (CMP-315 and CMP-329). Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry yielded suitable amounts of the pure sugar nucleotides for NMR spectroscopy using a cold probe. Structural analysis in conjunction with molecular modeling identified the sugar moieties as acetamidino and N-methylacetimidoyl derivatives of legionaminic acid (Leg5Am7Ac and Leg5AmNMe7Ac). Targeted metabolomic analyses of isogenic mutants established a role for the ptmA-F genes and defined two new ptm genes in this locus as legionaminic acid biosynthetic enzymes. This is the first report of legionaminic acid in Campylobacter sp. and the first report of legionaminic acid derivatives as modifications on a protein. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Logan, SM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Rm 3037,100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM susan.logan@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; evelyn.soo@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI43559] NR 47 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 19 BP 14463 EP 14475 DI 10.1074/jbc.M611027200 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 164PJ UT WOS:000246245800060 PM 17371878 ER PT J AU Guest, PS AF Guest, Peter S. TI Measuring turbulent heat fluxes over leads using kites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGETS; PACK ICE; PARAMETERIZATION; MOMENTUM; POLYNYAS; SIMULATION; BALANCE; IMPACT; OCEAN AB During the MaudNESS project in the austral winter of 2005, radiosondes attached to a kite indirectly measured surface turbulent heat fluxes from leads in the Eastern Weddell Sea near Maud Rise. Kite flights over two different leads with similar widths and upwind ice conditions are discussed. Lead mean surface fluxes were estimated by measuring the excess temperature and humidity downwind of the leads, estimating the wind speed profiles and performing a heat and moisture budget quantification. The measured sensible ( latent) heat fluxes were 318 Wm(-2) ( 158 Wm(-2)) and 258 Wm(-2) ( 85 Wm(-2)) for the two flights; the values were lower in the second flight due to lower wind speeds. The average neutral sensible heat transfer coefficients for the two flights was ( 1.48 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3), and the average neutral latent heat flux coefficient was ( 1.47 +/- 0.09) x 10(-3). As expected, these values are enhanced from what would be expected in a typical open ocean situation with the same air-sea temperature and humidity differences. Kite radiosonde profile measurements are an economically viable method for measuring lead heat fluxes that avoid many of the logistical problems associated with other methods for measuring fluxes over leads. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Guest, PS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM peterg@nps.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C5 AR C05021 DI 10.1029/2006JC003689 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 168BM UT WOS:000246497200003 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Loh, WY AF Kara, A. B. Hurlburt, H. E. Loh, W.-Y. TI Which near-surface atmospheric variable drives air-sea temperature differences over the global ocean? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; ANOMALIES; IMPACT; LATENT; MODEL AB This paper investigates the influence of atmospheric variables ( net solar radiation, wind speed, precipitation and vapor mixing ratio, all of which are at or near the sea surface) on the annual and seasonal cycle of near surface air minus sea surface temperature ( Tair-Tsst) over the global ocean. The importance order of these variables is discussed using several statistical methods and two global data sets. After demonstrating that neither Tair nor Tsst exhibit any skill in determining difference between the two, a regression tree model ( the so-called Generalized, Unbiased, Interaction Detection and Estimation ( GUIDE) algorithm) is used to investigate influences of the atmospheric variables mentioned above in regulating Tair-Tsst. Overall, net solar radiation ( sum of net shortwave and longwave radiation) at the sea surface is found to be the most important variable in driving the seasonal cycle of Tair-Tsst over the global ocean when the nonlinear relationship between Tair-Tsst and atmospheric variables is taken into account. This is true for both annual and seasonal ( May through August) or monthly ( November and December) timescales. Similar to the GUIDE results, a simple linear regression analysis also confirms that the net solar radiation explains most of the variance in the seasonal cycle of Tair-Tsst over most ( approximate to 50%) of the global ocean. The importance of the net solar radiation in controlling Tair-Tsst is even more significant in the regions surrounding the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream current systems. The results presented in this paper have various implications for air-sea interaction and ocean mixed layer studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C5 AR C05020 DI 10.1029/2006JC003833 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 168BM UT WOS:000246497200005 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Lepri, ST AF Laming, J. Martin Lepri, Susan T. TI Ion charge states in the fast solar wind: New data analysis and theoretical refinements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; plasmas; solar wind; waves ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION DATA; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; LOWER HYBRID WAVE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; CORONAL HOLES; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; SUPRATHERMAL TAILS AB We present a further investigation into the increased ionization observed in element charge states in the fast solar wind compared to its coronal hole source regions. Once ions begin to be perpendicularly heated by ion cyclotron waves and execute large gyro-orbits, density gradients in the flow can excite lower hybrid waves that then damp by heating electrons in the parallel direction. We give further analysis of charge-state data from polar coronal holes at solar minimum and maximum, and also from equatorial coronal holes. We also further consider the damping of lower hybrid waves by ions and the effect of non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions on the degree of increased ionization, both of which appear to be negligible for the solar wind case considered here. We also suggest that the density gradients required to heat electrons sufficiently to further ionize the solar wind can plausibly result from the turbulent cascade of MHD waves. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laming@nrl.navy.mil; slepri@umich.edu RI Lepri, Susan/I-8611-2012 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 2 BP 1642 EP 1652 DI 10.1086/513505 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169CW UT WOS:000246571300066 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Landi, E. Doschek, G. A. TI Diagnostics of suprathermal electrons in active-region plasmas using He-like UV lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : corona ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; VELOCITY FILTRATION; IONIZATION BALANCE; RESONANCE LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; TAIL STRENGTHS; ATMOSPHERE AB In the present paper we use UV lines emitted by He-like ions as a tool to test the presence of nonthermal high-energy electrons and to quantify their number and energy. The He-like lines we consider are the He-like 1s2s S-3-1s2p(3) P lines observed in the UV, and their use capitalizes on the high excitation energies for the 1s2p P-3 levels and on the near-unity ion abundances of the He-like ions for large temperature ranges. We investigate the presence of nonthermal high-energy electrons in solar active regions, placing upper limits on the presence of electrons capable of exciting the upper levels of Ne ix, Mg xi, and Si xiii. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 2 BP 1674 EP 1682 DI 10.1086/513729 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169CW UT WOS:000246571300069 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Roy, S Pal, S Lazio, TJW Ray, PS Kassim, NE Bhatnagar, S AF Hyman, Scott D. Roy, Subhashis Pal, Sabyasachi Lazio, T. Joseph W. Ray, Paul S. Kassim, Namir E. Bhatnagar, S. TI A faint, steep-spectrum burst from the radio transient GCRT J1745-3009 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : center; radio continuum : general; stars : variables : other ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; EMISSION; PULSAR; GCRT-J1745-3009; BINARY AB GCRT J1745 - 3009 is a transient bursting radio source located in the direction of the Galactic center. It was discovered in a 330 MHz VLA observation from 2002 September 30 - October 1 and subsequently rediscovered in a 330 MHz GMRT observation from 2003 September 28 by Hyman et al. Here we report a new radio detection of the source in 330 MHz GMRT data taken on 2004 March 20. The observed properties of the single burst detected differ significantly from those measured previously. The 2004 flux density was similar to 0.05 Jy, similar to 10x weaker than the single 2003 burst and similar to 30x weaker than the five bursts detected in 2002. We derive a very steep spectral index, alpha = -13.5 +/- 3.0, across the bandpass, a new result previously not obtained in the 2002 and 2003 observations. Also, the burst was detected for only similar to 2 minutes, in contrast to the similar to 10 minute duration observed in the earlier bursts. Due to sparse sampling, only the single burst was detected in 2004, as in the 2003 epoch, and we cannot completely rule out additional undetected bursts that may have occurred with the same similar to 77 minute periodicity observed in 2002 or with a different periodicity. Considering our total time on source throughout both our archival and active monitoring campaigns, we estimate the source exhibits detectable bursting activity similar to 7% of the time. C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Array Operat Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. EM shyman@sbc.edu; roy@astron.nl; spal@ncra.tifr.res.in; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; sbhatnag@nrao.edu OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/518245 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169EB UT WOS:000246574400011 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, Gerald M. Dahl, Kevin Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Vibrational spectroscopy and dynamics of azide ion in ionic liquid and dimethyl sulfoxide water mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BINARY SOLVENT MIXTURES; MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; REVERSE MICELLES; ENERGY RELAXATION; SOLUTE-SOLVENT; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; PREFERENTIAL SOLVATION AB Steady-state and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of the azide (N-3(-)) anion has been used to characterize aqueous mixtures both with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) and with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In the DMSO-water mixtures, two anion vibrational bands are observed for low water mole fractions (0 > X-w > 0.25), which indicates a heterogeneous ion solvation environment. The band at 2000 cm(-1) observed for neat DMSO does not shift but decreases in amplitude as the amount of water is increased. Another band appears at slightly higher frequency at low X-w (=0.05). As the amount of water is increased, this band shifts to higher frequency and becomes stronger and is attributed to azide with an increasing degree of hydration. At intermediate and high X-w, a single band is observed that shifts almost linearly with water mole fraction toward the bulk water value. The heterogeneity is evident from the infrared pump-probe studies in which the decay times depend on probe frequency at low mole fraction. For the azide spectra in IL-water mixtures, a single azide band is observed for each mole fraction mixture. The azide band shifts almost linearly with mole fraction, indicating nearly ideal mixing behavior. As with the DMSO-water mixtures, the time-resolved IR decay times are probe-frequency-dependent at low mole fraction, again indicating heterogeneous solvation. In both the DMSO and IL mixtures with water, the relaxation times are slower than would be expected from ideal mixing, suggesting that vibrational relaxation of azide is more sensitive than its vibrational frequency to the solvent structure. The results are discussed in terms of preferential solvation and the degree to which the azide shift and vibrational relaxation depend on the degree of water association in the mixtures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 87 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 18 BP 4901 EP 4909 DI 10.1021/jp067143d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000246190100036 PM 17388412 ER PT J AU Lin, B Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Rowley, RK Hanson, EH von Rosenvinge, E Ligler, FS Kusterbeck, AW Metzgar, D Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Schnur, JM Stenger, DA AF Lin, Baochuan Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Blaney, Kate M. Ligler, Adam G. Rowley, Robb K. Hanson, Eric H. von Rosenvinge, Erik Ligler, Frances S. Kusterbeck, Anne W. Metzgar, David Barrozo, Christopher P. Russell, Kevin L. Tibbetts, Clark Schnur, Joel M. Stenger, David A. TI Application of Broad-Spectrum, Sequence-Based Pathogen Identification in an Urban Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A broad spectrum detection platform that provides sequence level resolution of target regions would have a significant impact in public health, case management, and means of expanding our understanding of the etiology of diseases. A previously developed respiratory pathogen microarray (RPM v.1) demonstrated the capability of this platform for this purpose. This newly developed RPM v.1 was used to analyze 424 well-characterized nasal wash specimens from patients presenting with febrile respiratory illness in the Washington, D. C. metropolitan region. For each specimen, the RPM v.1 results were compared against composite reference assay (viral and bacterial culture and, where appropriate, RT-PCR/PCR) results. Across this panel, the RPM assay showed >= 98% overall agreement for all the organisms detected compared with reference methods. Additionally, the RPM v.1 results provide sequence information which allowed phylogenetic classification of circulating influenza A viruses in similar to 250 clinical specimens, and allowed monitoring the genetic variation as well as antigenic variability prediction. Multiple pathogens (2-4) were detected in 58 specimens (13.7%) with notably increased abundances of respiratory colonizers (esp. S. pneumoniae) during viral infection. This first-ever comparison of a broad-spectrum viral and bacterial identification technology of this type against a large battery of conventional "gold standard'' assays confirms the utility of the approach for both medical surveillance and investigations of complex etiologies of illness caused by respiratory co-infections. C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Ligler, Frances S.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.; Schnur, Joel M.; Stenger, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Zheng; Blaney, Kate M.; Ligler, Adam G.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Rowley, Robb K.; Hanson, Eric H.; Tibbetts, Clark] Headquarters USAF Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. [von Rosenvinge, Erik] Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Metzgar, David; Barrozo, Christopher P.; Russell, Kevin L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU NRL; Office of Naval Research FX The funding for this research is provided by the NRL base program and the Office of Naval Research. This project would not be possible without the support from the Air Force Surgeon General Office, the Joint Program Executive Office and Defense Threat Reduction Agency during the Silent Guardian Demonstration Project. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e419 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000419 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DX UT WOS:000207445800001 PM 17502915 ER PT J AU Gao, GT Cannara, RJ Carpick, RW Harrison, JA AF Gao, Guangtu Cannara, Rachel J. Carpick, Robert W. Harrison, Judith A. TI Atomic-scale friction on diamond: A comparison of different sliding directions on (001) and (111) surfaces using MD and AFM SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; POINT-CONTACT FRICTION; JKR-DMT TRANSITION; ULTRA-HIGH-VACUUM; FORCE MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CARBON SURFACES; STATIC FRICTION; ELASTIC SPHERES AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to examine single-asperity friction as a function of load, surface orientation, and sliding direction on individual crystalline grains of diamond in the wearless regime. Experimental and simulation conditions were designed to correspond as closely as state-of-the-art techniques allow. Both hydrogen-terminated diamond (111)(1 x 1)-H and the dimer row-reconstructed diamond (001)(2 x 1)-H surfaces were examined. The MD simulations used H-terminated diamond tips with both flat- and curved-end geometries, and the AFM experiments used two spherical, hydrogenated amorphous carbon tips. The AFM measurements showed higher adhesion and friction forces for (001) vs (111) surfaces. However, the increased friction forces can be entirely attributed to increased contact area induced by higher adhesion. Thus, no difference in the intrinsic resistance to friction (i.e., in the interfacial shear strength) is observed. Similarly, the MD results show no significant difference in friction between the two diamond surfaces, except for the specific case of sliding at high pressures along the dimer row direction on the (001) surface. The origin of this effect is discussed. The experimentally observed dependence of friction on load fits closely with the continuum Maugis-Dugdale model for contact area, consistent with the occurrence of single-asperity interfacial friction (friction proportional to contact area with a constant shear strength). In contrast, the simulations showed a nearly linear dependence of the friction on load. This difference may arise from the limits of applicability of continuum mechanics at small scales, because the contact areas in the MD simulations are significantly smaller than the AFM experiments. Regardless of scale, both the AFM and MD results show that nanoscale tribological behavior deviates dramatically from the established macroscopic behavior of diamond, which is highly dependent on orientation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012; Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013 OI Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475 NR 88 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 8 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 5394 EP 5405 DI 10.1021/la062254p PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 162FI UT WOS:000246071800029 PM 17407330 ER PT J AU Kaminska, E Kaminski, K Paluch, M Ziolo, J Ngai, KL AF Kaminska, Ewa Kaminski, Kamil Paluch, Marian Ziolo, Jerzy Ngai, K. L. TI Additive property of secondary relaxation processes in di-n-octyl and di-isooctyl phthalates: Signature of non-Johari-Goldstein relaxation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC GLASS FORMERS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; AMORPHOUS STATE; FORMING LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMICS; SORBITOL; SYSTEMS AB Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to study relaxation dynamics of supercooled di-n-octyl phthalate, di-isooctyl phthalate, and their mixtures. Additionally, low temperature measurements were performed to investigate the nature of the secondary relaxation processes in both glass formers. The authors found that the secondary relaxation observed in the mixture is the additive sum of the secondary relaxations of the two components. This experimental evidence indicates that these secondary relaxation processes are intramolecular in origin, and they are non-Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxations. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaminska, E (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 17 AR 174501 DI 10.1063/1.2728903 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 165DT UT WOS:000246284800020 PM 17492868 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB Shaw, LB McCrary, M Burke, DS Cummings, DAT AF Billings, Lora Schwartz, Ira B. Shaw, Leah B. McCrary, Marie Burke, Donald S. Cummings, Derek A. T. TI Instabilities in multiserotype disease models with antibody-dependent enhancement SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemics; multiserotype; antibody-dependent enhancement; dengue; vaccine ID CROSS-IMMUNITY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DENGUE DISEASE; STRAINS; VIRUS AB This paper investigates the complex dynamics induced by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in multiserotype disease models. ADE is the increase in viral growth rate in the presence of immunity due to a previous infection of a different serotype. The increased viral growth rate is thought to increase the infectivity of the secondary infectious class. In our models, ADE induces the onset of oscillations without external forcing. The oscillations in the infectious classes represent outbreaks of the disease. In this paper, we derive approximations of the ADE parameter needed to induce oscillations and analyze the associated bifurcations that separate the types of oscillations. We then investigate the stability of these dynamics by adding stochastic perturbations to the model. We also present a preliminary analysis of the effect of a single serotype vaccination in the model. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792,Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM billings1@mail.montclair.edu RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [U01-GM070749-01]; PHS HHS [NA04OAR4310138] NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.12.023 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 167HY UT WOS:000246443600003 PM 17270219 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Eckermann, SD Coy, L McCormack, JP Randall, CE AF Siskind, David E. Eckermann, Stephen D. Coy, Lawrence McCormack, John P. Randall, Cora E. TI On recent interannual variability of the Arctic winter mesosphere: Implications for tracer descent SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; MODELS AB Observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment on the NASA/Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite show an unusual vertical displacement of the winter Arctic stratopause in 2006 with zonal mean temperatures at 0.01 hPa (similar to 78 km) exceeding 250 K. By contrast, at the conventional stratopause location near 0.7 hPa (similar to 50 km), temperatures were unusually cold. Simulations with the NOGAPS-ALPHA model suggest that these are coupled to an unusually warm and disturbed lower stratosphere that filtered out many of the gravity waves that normally break at and above 50 km. The model also shows that downward transport in the 2006 Arctic vortex was enhanced relative to 2005. These results might explain observations of enhanced upper atmospheric NO descending to the upper stratosphere in 2006 and highlights the importance of gravity waves in modulating the coupling of the upper atmosphere with the stratosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 23 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 AR L09806 DI 10.1029/2007GL029293 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 165LE UT WOS:000246306200006 ER PT J AU Auad, ML Zhao, LH Shen, HB Nutt, SR Sorathia, U AF Auad, Maria L. Zhao, Lihua Shen, Hongbin Nutt, Steven R. Sorathia, Usman TI Flammability properties and mechanical performance of epoxy modified phenolic foams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foams; epoxy-phenolic; flame retardance; flammability; mechanical properties ID MATRIX MATERIALS; VOID-FREE AB This work has been mainly focused on the development and optimization of the processing methodology to produce epoxy modified phenolic foams. This study analyzes the relation between the composition and the structure as well as the mechanical and flammability performance of epoxy-phenolic (E-P)-based foams. Phenolic foams modified with different types and compositions of epoxy resin were successfully synthesized and characterized, showing uniform pore structure. Two epoxy resins were used for this approach. One is regular diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epon 826) type and the other is a brominated bisphenol A (DER 542), which has halogen groups in the structure to improve the flammability properties of the resulting foams. Cone calorimeter (ASTM E 1354) was used to measure the heat release rate, the time to ignition, and other flammability properties of the E-P foams with different types of epoxy resins, under well-controlled combustion conditions. The mechanical performance of the system was studied and compared with competing foams, such us phenolic, epoxy, and polyurethanes, in aspects of compression, friability, and shear performances. Compared with conventional phenolic foams, E-P foams exhibit significant improvement in mechanical performance, lower friability and similar resistance to flame. These results demonstrate the potential of the E-P foam as a flame resistant and high performance core material for sandwich structure. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, McGill Composites Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Fire Protect & Sea Survival Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Auad, ML (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, McGill Composites Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM auad@usc.edu NR 19 TC 51 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 61 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 3 BP 1399 EP 1407 DI 10.1002/app.24405 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 149IT UT WOS:000245141300005 ER PT J AU Arrowsmith, SJ Drob, DP Hedlin, MAH Edwards, W AF Arrowsmith, Stephen J. Drob, Douglas P. Hedlin, Michael A. H. Edwards, Wayne TI A joint seismic and acoustic study of the Washington State bolide: Observations and modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVE; ATMOSPHERE; INFRASOUND; METEOR; FIREBALLS; MIDDLE; ARRAY AB On 3 June 2004, a bolide was observed over British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In addition to eyewitness accounts, the event was recorded on videotape and at similar to 100 seismometers located in Washington State and southern British Columbia. Seismic records are consistent with a terminal burst rather than the hypersonic shock of the meteors passage through the atmosphere. Arrival times from seismic waveform data are used to obtain an accurate source location for this terminal burst. The source location can effectively be considered to be ground-truth for assessing current atmospheric models and infrasound propagation algorithms. We observe clear infrasonic signals associated with the terminal burst of the fireball at infrasound stations I56US and I57US in Washington State and California, respectively. At I56US we observe at least four distinct acoustic arrivals, for which we are able to model three using a state-of-the-art atmospheric model ( the Ground-to-Space (G2S) model) and both ray-tracing and parabolic equation propagation algorithms. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which a complex sequence of arrival packets at an individual station has been successfully modeled by range-dependent ducting and specular reflection off terrain gradients. At I57US a single coherent acoustic signal was observed, which we are unable to satisfactorily model. This could be due to errors in the specification of the background atmosphere, incorrect assumptions and approximations inherent to the acoustic propagation algorithms, and the greater range of propagation, which amplifies the effect of errors in source location and the atmospheric specifications. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Arrowsmith, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-2,POB 1663,MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sarrowsmith@gmail.com RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D9 AR D09304 DI 10.1029/2006JD008001 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165LI UT WOS:000246306600007 ER PT J AU Snow, JA Heikes, BG Shen, HW O'Sullivan, DW Fried, A Walega, J AF Snow, Julie A. Heikes, Brian G. Shen, Haiwei O'Sullivan, Daniel W. Fried, Alan Walega, Jim TI Hydrogen peroxide, methyl hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde over North America and the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE PRODUCTION; DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CONVECTIVE INJECTION; MODEL COMPARISONS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; ODD-HYDROGEN; PEM-TROPICS AB [1] Hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2), methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and formaldehyde (CH2O) were measured over North America and the North Atlantic during the INTEXNA, TOPSE, and SONEX aircraft campaigns. An overview of H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O across the geographic and temporal range of these campaigns is presented. H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O mixing ratios and variability were larger during INTEX-NA compared to TOPSE and SONEX. Mean H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O were 1390, 440, and 480 pptv, respectively, more than two times higher than TOPSE measurements and an order of magnitude higher than SONEX measurements. This is attributed to higher solar radiation levels and the more polluted conditions of INTEX-NA. Mixing ratios and variability decreased with altitude for all three gases and on all three campaigns, except for CH3OOH during TOPSE. The impact of convection on H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O is also discussed. Using the ratio H2O2/ CH3OOH, convectively influenced air parcels were found to be enhanced in CH3OOH, CH2O, CO, NO, and NO2 while H2O2 and HNO3 were depleted by wet removal. Biomass burning was also shown to increase H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O mixing ratios up to 1.5, 2, and 1 ppbv, respectively, even after 4 - 5 days of transit. Results from this study show considerable variability in H2O2, CH3OOH, and CH2O throughout the North American and North Atlantic troposphere. The variability in the upper troposphere is driven by local photochemical production and transport via regional convection and long-range pathways, suggesting transport mechanisms are important factors to include in photochemical models simulating H2O2, CH3OOH, CH2O, and HOx. C1 Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Snow, JA (reprint author), Slippery Rock Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Slippery Rock, PA 16057 USA. EM julie.snow@sru.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12S07 DI 10.1029/2006JD007746 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165LM UT WOS:000246307000002 ER PT J AU Prokopuk, N Son, KA Waltz, C AF Prokopuk, Nicholas Son, Kyung-Ah Waltz, Chad TI Electron tunneling through fluid solvents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; TRANSFER KINETICS; TRANSFER PROTEINS; DISTANCE; PATHWAYS; DEVICES; WATER; REORGANIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; DEPENDENCE AB Despite the biological, chemical, and physical importance of electron tunneling across noncovalent matrices, relatively little is known about the ability of the various nonbonding interactions (hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals forces) to mediate charge transfer. Herein, we report the steady-state current-voltage (I-V) profiles of nanometer junctions filled with water and a variety of organic solvents. The maximum currents for the solvents studied span 6 orders of magnitude. The I-V data can be reasonably fit to a simple electron tunneling model with a rectangular energy barrier representing the solvent. Protic solvents provide the smallest barrier heights (greatest tunneling currents), and nonpolar solvents exhibit the largest energy barriers (lowest currents). Trends in the barrier heights with the strength of the solvent-solvent interactions (hydrogen-bonding < dipole-dipole < dispersion interactions) indicate that the solvent's cohesive energy largely determines/limits the barrier heights of the fluid systems rather than the electronic structure of the solvent molecule (e.g., electron affinity or ionization potential). These results demonstrate that facile electron tunneling through nonbonding media must be accompanied by relatively strong intermolecular interactions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Prokopuk, N (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6533 EP 6537 DI 10.1021/jp070106h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 160PN UT WOS:000245954900057 ER PT J AU Rath, BB Marder, J AF Rath, Bhakta B. Marder, James TI Powering the future - Power from sunlight: Photovoltaics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Capturing the vast amount of energy in sunlight is both a cost and a materials challenge for development of cost-effective photovoltaics. C1 ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. EM james.marder@asmintemational.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 165 IS 5 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 168QN UT WOS:000246539200006 ER PT J AU Krumreich, J Pierce, JL Simons, GH AF Krumreich, J. Pierce, J. L. Simons, G. H. TI Interobserver Variability in the Interpretation of CT Pulmonary Angiography and its Clinical Implications with 4-slice MDCT and 64-slice MDCT Scanners SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Krumreich, J.; Pierce, J. L.; Simons, G. H.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM jakrumreich@mar.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 188 IS 5 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA V04XA UT WOS:000207089900367 ER PT J AU Mullens, FE Wessman, D Brenner, L Sharma, A Parker, R AF Mullens, F. E. Wessman, D. Brenner, L. Sharma, A. Parker, R. TI CRICKET: The Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Using Multidetector Row Spiral Computed Tomography (MDCT) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sharma, A.] Boise Kidney & Hypertens Inst, Boise, ID USA. [Brenner, L.] Genzyme, Cambridge, MA USA. [Mullens, F. E.; Wessman, D.; Parker, R.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM femullens@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 188 IS 5 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA V04XA UT WOS:000207089900176 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Montgomery, R Segev, D AF Gentry, Sommer Montgomery, Robert Segev, Dorry TI Blood group O recipients and compatible kidney paired donation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual American Transplant Congress CY MAY 05-09, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 7 SU 2 MA 952 BP 392 EP 392 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 166HQ UT WOS:000246370201388 ER PT J AU Luke, TC Hoffman, SL AF Luke, Thomas C. Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Blood products for Spanish influenza: A future H5N1 treatment? Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. RP Luke, TC (reprint author), USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC 20372 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 146 IS 9 BP 687 EP 687 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 162EV UT WOS:000246070500016 ER PT J AU Petersen, K Riddle, MS Danko, JR Blazes, DL Hayden, R Tasker, SA Dunne, JR AF Petersen, Kyle Riddle, Mark S. Danko, Janine R. Blazes, David L. Hayden, Richard Tasker, Sybil A. Dunne, James R. TI Trauma-related infections in battlefield casualties from Iraq SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BACTERIAL FLORA; WAR WOUNDS; CARE AB Objective: To describe risks for, and microbiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of, war trauma associated infections from Operation Iraqi Freedom. Background: The invasion of Iraq resulted in casualties from high-velocity gunshot, shrapnel, and blunt trauma injuries as well as bums. Infectious complications of these unique war trauma injuries have not been described since the 1970s. Methods: Retrospective record review of all trauma casualties 5 to 65 years of age evacuated from the Iraqi theatre to U.S. Navy hospital ship, USNS Comfort March to May 2003. War trauma-associated infection was defined by positive culture from a wound or sterile body fluid (ie, blood, cerebrospinal fluid) and at least two of the following infection-associated signs/symptoms: fever, dehiscence, foul smell. peri-wound erythema, hypotension, and leukocytosis. A comparison of mechanisms of injury, demographics, and clinical variables was done using multivariate analysis. Results: Of 211 patients, 56 met criteria for infection. Infections were more common in blast injuries, soft tissue injuries, > 3 wound sites, loss of limb, abdominal trauma, and higher Injury Severity Score (ISS). Wound infections accounted for 84% of cases, followed by bloodstream infections (38%). Infected were more likely to have had fever prior to arrival, and had higher probability of ICU admission and more surgical procedures. Acinetobacter species (36%) were the predominant organisms followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species (14% each). Conclusions: Similar to the Vietnam War experience, gram-negative rods, particularly Acinetobacter species, accounted for the majority of wound infections cared for on USNS Comfort during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Multidrug resistance was common, with the exception of the carbapenem class, limiting antibiotic therapy options. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Div Enter Dis, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Syst, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Naval Hosp, Armed Forces Blood Banking Ctr, Okinawa, Japan. RP Petersen, K (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM knpetersen@bethesda.med.navy.mil RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 40 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 245 IS 5 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1097/01.sla.0000251707.32332.c1 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 161SS UT WOS:000246036700023 PM 17457175 ER PT J AU Chang, MPJL Font, CO Gilbreath, GC Oh, E AF Chang, Mark P. J. L. Font, Carlos O. Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Oh, Eun TI Humidity's influence on visible region refractive index structure parameter C-n(2) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TURBULENCE; MODEL; PROPAGATION AB In the near-infrared and visible bandpasses optical propagation theory conventionally assumes that humidity does not contribute to the effects of atmospheric turbulence on optical beams. While this assumption may be reasonable for dry locations, we demonstrate that there is an unequivocal effect owing to the presence of humidity upon the strength of turbulence parameter, C-n(2), from data collected in the Chesapeake Bay area over 100 m length horizontal propagation paths. We describe and apply a novel technique, Hilbert phase analysis, to the relative humidity, temperature, and C-n(2) data to show the contribution of the relevant climate variable to C-n(2) as a function of time. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, MPJL (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, POB 9016, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM mark@charma.uprm.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 13 BP 2453 EP 2459 DI 10.1364/AO.46.002453 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 160UZ UT WOS:000245969100008 PM 17429456 ER PT J AU Feng, S Halterman, K Overfelt, PL Elson, JM Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ AF Feng, S. Halterman, K. Overfelt, P. L. Elson, J. M. Lindsay, G. A. Roberts, M. J. TI Resonant-induced transparency and coupled modes in layered metamaterials SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID METALLODIELECTRIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; WAVE-GUIDE; NEGATIVE INDEX; DIFFRACTION; VERIFICATION; ELECTRONICS; REFRACTION; NANOFILMS; SUPERLENS; MEDIA AB We present an overview of some of our work on transmission properties and mode characteristics of layered metamaterials and their potential applications. In particular, we will show how layered metamaterials exhibit unusual transmission properties and unconventional features of guided modes, such as resonance-induced transparency in multilayer structures and slope reversal of dispersion curves in coupled waveguides. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, S (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM simin.feng@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00339-006-3841-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 211CR UT WOS:000249502400018 ER PT J AU Austin, SJ Robertson, JW Tycner, C Campbell, T Honeycutt, RK AF Austin, S. J. Robertson, J. W. Tycner, C. Campbell, T. Honeycutt, R. K. TI Late-type near-contact eclipsing binary [HH97] FS Aur-79 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : late type ID THERMAL RELAXATION OSCILLATION; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; CLOSE BINARIES; SHORT-PERIOD; STARS; SEQUENCE; SYSTEMS; PHOTOMETRY; VARIABLES; SPECTRA AB The secondary photometric standard star number 79 for the FS Aur field (Henden & Honeycutt 1997), designated as [ HH97] FS Aur-79 (GSC 1874-399), is a short-period (0.2508 days) eclipsing binary whose light curve is a combination of the beta Lyr and BY Dra type variables. High signal-to-noise ratio multicolor photometry was obtained using the US Naval Observatory 1 m telescope. These light curves show asymmetry at quadrature phases (the O'Connell effect), which can be modeled with the presence of starspots. A low-resolution spectrum obtained with the 3.5 m Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO telescope at orbital phase 0.76 is consistent with a spectral type of dK7e and dM3e. A radial velocity curve for the primary star was constructed using 24 high-resolution spectra from the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope. Spectra show H alpha and H beta in emission confirming chromospheric activity and possibly the presence of circumstellar material. Binary star models that simultaneously fit the U, B, V, R, and radial velocity curves are those with a primary star of mass 0.59 +/- 0.02M(circle dot), temperature 4100 +/- 25 K, and mean radius 0.67 R(circle dot), just filling its Roche lobe, and a secondary star of mass 0.31 +/- 0.09M(circle dot), temperature 3425 +/- 25 K, and mean radius 0.48 R(circle dot), just within its Roche lobe. An inclination angle of 83 degrees +/- 2 degrees with a center-of-mass separation of 1.62 R(circle dot) is also derived. Starspots, expected for a rotation period of less than 1 day, had to be included in the modeling to fit the O'Connell effect. C1 Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Conway, AR 72035 USA. Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Whispering Pines Observ, Harrison, AR 72601 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NVI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Austin, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM saustin@uca.edu; jeff.robertson@atu.edu; tycner@sextans.lowell.edu; jmontecamp@yahoo.com; honey@astro.indiana.edu NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1934 EP 1946 DI 10.1086/512614 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 165XY UT WOS:000246342200009 ER PT J AU Piner, BG Mahmud, M Fey, AL Gospodinova, K AF Piner, B. G. Mahmud, M. Fey, A. L. Gospodinova, K. TI Relativistic jets in the radio reference frame image database. I. Apparent speeds from the first 5 years of data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LONG-BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY; GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; SUPERLUMINAL MOTION; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; SCALE STRUCTURE; LINE ARRAY; QUASARS; STATISTICS AB We present the results of an analysis of relativistic jet apparent speeds from VLBI images in the Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). The images are snapshot VLBI images at 8 and 2 GHz using the VLBA, plus up to 10 additional antennas that provide global VLBI coverage. We have analyzed the 8 GHz images from the first 5 years of the database (1994-1998), for all sources observed at three or more epochs during this time range. This subset comprises 966 images of 87 sources. The sources in this subset have an average of 11 epochs of observation over the years 1994-1998, with the best-observed sources having 19 epochs. About half of the sources in this RRFID kinematic survey have not been previously studied with multiepoch VLBI observations. We have measured apparent speeds for a total of 184 jet components in 77 sources, of which the best-measured 94 component speeds in 54 sources are used in the final analysis. The apparent speed distribution shows a peak at low apparent speeds (consistent with stationary components), a tail extending out to apparent speeds of about 30c, and a mean apparent speed of 3.6c. A total of 36 of the sources in this paper are also included in the 2 cm VLBA survey by Kellermann et al., with similar angular resolution, sensitivity, and time range. For those sources, we present a detailed component-by-component comparison of the apparent speeds measured by the 2 cm survey and those measured in this paper. Many of the independent apparent speed measurements agree very well, but for approximately 25% of the components we find significant differences in the apparent speeds measured by the two surveys. The leading cause of these discrepancies is differences in how the two surveys have identified jet components from epoch to epoch. C1 Whittier Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Whittier, CA 90608 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Piner, BG (reprint author), Whittier Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Whittier, CA 90608 USA. EM gpiner@whittier.edu NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 133 IS 5 BP 2357 EP 2388 DI 10.1086/514812 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 165XY UT WOS:000246342200046 ER PT J AU Subramanian, P Vourlidas, A AF Subramanian, P. Vourlidas, A. TI Energetics of solar coronal mass ejections SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : coronal mass ejection (CMEs) ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; INNER HELIOSPHERE; WHITE-LIGHT; FLUX-ROPES; MODEL; PROPAGATION; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION AB Aims We investigate whether solar coronal mass ejections are driven mainly by coupling to the ambient solar wind or through the release of internal magnetic energy. Methods. We examine the energetics of 39 flux-rope like coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun using data in the distance range similar to 2-20 R-circle dot from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronograph (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). This comprises a complete sample of the best examples of flux-rope CMEs observed by LASCO in 1996-2001. Results. We find that 69% of the CMEs in our sample experience a clearly identifiable driving power in the LASCO field of view. For those CMEs that are driven, we examine if they might be deriving most of their driving power by coupling to the solar wind. We do not find conclusive evidence in favor of this hypothesis. On the other hand, we find that their internal magnetic energy is a viable source of the required driving power. We have estimated upper and lower limits on the power that can possibly be provided by the internal magnetic field of a CME. We find that, on average, the lower limit to the available magnetic power is around 74% of what is required to drive the CMEs, while the upper limit can be as much as an order of magnitude larger. C1 Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Subramanian, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. EM psubrama@iiap.res.in; vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 467 IS 2 BP 685 EP 693 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066770 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 167BF UT WOS:000246424900032 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N Arefiev, V AF Titarchuk, Lev Shaposhnikov, Nikolai Arefiev, Vadim TI Power spectra of black holes and neutron stars as a probe of hydrodynamic structure of the source: Diffusion theory and its application to Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-2 X-ray observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCY CORRELATION; ACCRETION DISCS; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; BINARIES; VARIABILITY; COMPTONIZATION; CANDIDATES; RADIATION; INDEX; DISKS AB We present a model of Fourier power density spectrum (PDS) formation in accretion-powered X-ray binary systems derived from diffusion theory. Timing properties of X-ray emission are considered a result of diffusive propagation of the driving perturbations in a bounded medium. We prove that the integrated power P-x of the resulting PDS is only a small fraction of the integrated power P-dr of the driving oscillations, which is distributed over the disk. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Px is inversely proportional to the characteristic frequency of the driving oscillations nu(dr), which likely scales with the frequency of the local gravity waves in the disk (Keplerian frequency). Because nu(dr) increases toward soft states, we conclude that P-x declines toward soft states. This dependence P-x proportional to nu(-1)(dr) explains the well-known observational phenomenon that the X-ray variability power decreases when the source evolves to softer states. The resulting PDS continuum is a sum of a low-frequency (LF) component, which presumably originates in an extended accretion disk, and a high-frequency (HF) component, which originates in the innermost part of the source (Compton cloud or corona). The LF PDS component has a power-law shape with an index of 1.0-1.5 at higher frequencies ("red'' noise) and a flat spectrum below a characteristic (break) frequency ("white'' noise). This white-red noise (WRN) continuum spectrum holds information about the bounded extended medium, the diffusion timescale, and the dependence law of viscosity versus radius. We apply our model of the PDS to RXTE and EXOSAT timing data from Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-2, which describes adequately the spectral transitions in these sources. The presented PDSs are shown in frequency range from 10 (-8) to 102 Hz, 10 orders of magnitude. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, CRESST, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; gita@hea.iki.rssi.ru NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 556 EP 579 DI 10.1086/512027 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700046 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Biersteker, JB Sheeley, NR, Koutchmy, S Mouette, J Druckmuller, M AF Wang, Y.-M. Biersteker, J. B. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Koutchmy, S. Mouette, J. Druckmueller, M. TI The solar eclipse of 2006 and the origin of raylike features in the white-light corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; sun : corona; sun : magnetic fields ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; POLAR PLUMES; OUTER CORONA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; H-ALPHA; WIND; STREAMERS; HOLES; JETS AB Solar eclipse observations have long suggested that the white-light corona is permeated by long fine rays. By comparing photographs of the 2006 March 29 total eclipse with current-free extrapolations of photospheric field measurements and with images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we deduce that the bulk of these linear features fall into three categories: (1) polar and low-latitude plumes that overlie small magnetic bipoles inside coronal holes, (2) helmet streamer rays that overlie large loop arcades and separate coronal holes of opposite polarity, and (3) "pseudostreamer'' rays that overlie twin loop arcades and separate coronal holes of the same polarity. The helmet streamer rays extend outward to form the plasma sheet component of the slow solar wind, while the plumes and pseudostreamers contribute to the fast solar wind. In all three cases, the rays are formed by magnetic reconnection between closed coronal loops and adjacent open field lines. Although seemingly ubiquitous when seen projected against the sky plane, the rays are in fact rooted inside or along the boundaries of coronal holes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UPMC, CNRS, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Brno Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Brno 61669, Czech Republic. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; jbierst@fas.harvard.edu; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy; koutchmy@iap.fr; mouette@iap.fr; druckmuller@fmc.vutbr.cz NR 72 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 660 IS 1 BP 882 EP 892 DI 10.1086/512480 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 162SB UT WOS:000246108700075 ER PT J AU Skubic, M Anderson, D Blisard, S Perzanowski, D Schultz, A AF Skubic, Marjorie Anderson, Derek Blisard, Samuel Perzanowski, Dennis Schultz, Alan TI Using a hand-drawn sketch to control a team of robots SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE human-robot interaction; sketch-based navigation; qualitative map ID INTERFACE AB In this paper, we describe a prototype interface that facilitates the control of a mobile robot team by a single operator. using a sketch interface on a Tablet PC. The user draws a sketch map of the scene and includes the robots in approximate starting positions. Both path and target position commands are supported as well as editing capabilities. Sensor feedback from the robots is included in the display such that the sketch interface acts as a two-way communication device between the user and the robots. The paper also includes results of a usability study, in which users were asked to perform a series of tasks. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skubic, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM skubicm@missouri.edu NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 EI 1573-7527 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s10514-007-9023-1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 153XO UT WOS:000245471600007 ER PT J AU Schmorrow, DD Reeves, LM AF Schmorrow, Dylan D. Reeves, Leah M. TI 21(st) century human-system computing: Augmented cognition for improved human performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Potomac Inst Policy Studies, Arlington, VA USA. RP Schmorrow, DD (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B7 EP B11 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800003 PM 17547299 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Sausen, KP Mujica-Parodi, LR Potterat, EG Yanagi, MA Kim, H AF Taylor, Marcus K. Sausen, Kenneth P. Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Potterat, Eric G. Yanagi, Matthew A. Kim, Hyung TI Neurophysiologic methods to measure stress during survival, evasion, resistance, and escape training SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cortisol; MRI; acoustic startle; heart rate variability ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; MENTAL STRESS; HUMANS; EMOTION; CORTISOL; NEUROENDOCRINE; CONSOLIDATION; DISSOCIATION AB Training in Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) is required for U.S. military members at high risk of capture. This physically and psychologically demanding course is considered an analog to the stress imposed by war, captivity, and related events, thus offering a unique and unprecedented medium in which to systematically examine human stress and performance during a realistically intense operational context. Operational stress is multifaceted, manifesting cerebral, neuroendocrine, cardiac, and cognitive characteristics, and necessitating an integration of multiple methods of measurement to appropriately characterize its complexity. Herein we describe some of our present research methods and discuss their applicability to real-time monitoring and predicting of key aspects of human performance. A systems approach is taken, whereby some of the "key players" implicated in the stress response (e.g., cerebral, neuroendocrine, cardiac) are briefly discussed, to which we link corresponding investigative techniques (fMRI, acoustic startle eye-blink reflex, heart rate variability, and neuroendocrine sampling). Background and previous research with each investigative technique and its relationship to the SERE context is briefly reviewed. Ultimately, we discuss the operational applicability of each measure, that is, how each may be integrated with technologies that allow computational systems to adapt to the performer during operational stress. C1 USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Pacific, Fleet Aviat Specialized Operat Training Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM taylorm@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B224 EP B230 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800031 PM 17547323 ER PT J AU Tsai, YF Viirre, E Strychacz, C Chase, B Jung, TP AF Tsai, Yi-Fang Viirre, Erik Strychacz, Christopher Chase, Bradley Jung, Tzyy-Ping TI Task performance and eye activity: Predicting behavior relating to cognitive workload SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oculomotor assessment; blinks; pupillometry; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; driving simulation ID SIMULATED FLIGHT; PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; MEMORY TASK; DUAL-TASK; MOVEMENTS; FATIGUE; INFORMATION; RESPONSES AB Introduction: The focus of this study was to examine oculomotor behavioral changes while subjects performed auditory and driving tasks. Methods: There were 13 participants who completed 3 10-min tasks consisting of driving only, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) only, and a dual task of both driving and auditory tasks. For each participant, changes in six measures were assessed as a function of cognitive workload, specifically changes in eye activity, including blink frequency, blink duration, fixation frequency, fixation duration, pupil diameter, and horizontal vergence. In addition, deviations in lateral lane position were assessed as a measure of driving behavior. Results. Compared with the subjects' behavior in the driving-only task, results showed an increase in blink frequency during the combined driving and auditory task. Also, during the dual task the mean pupil diameter and horizontal vergence increased when subjects performed well in the auditory task in contrast to when the subjects performed poorly. Evidence of visual tunneling or reduced range of scanning and decreases in rearview mirror and odometer glances appeared when subjects performed the driving and auditory dual task. There was no significant change in fixation frequency. However, decreased fixation duration appeared to predict upcoming errors in the auditory task. Pupil diameter changes were significantly higher when performing well on the auditory task than when subjects were performing poorly. Conclusion: Eye behavior trends reported in this study may provide insight to human behavior corresponding with cognitive workload, which may in turn be utilized to produce reliable workload indicators and applications that predict poor performance in real time. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Appl Cognit Sci Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA USA. RP Viirre, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Div Head & Neck Surg, 9350 Campus Point Dr,Suite 1A, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM eviirre@ucsd.edu NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 18 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B176 EP B185 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800026 PM 17547318 ER PT J AU Dean, SM Flowerdew, J Lawrence, BN Eckermann, SD AF Dean, S. M. Flowerdew, J. Lawrence, B. N. Eckermann, S. D. TI Parameterisation of orographic cloud dynamics in a GCM SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVE-DRAG; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; CLIMATE MODELS; PRECIPITATION; STRATOSPHERE; SCHEME; PARAMETRIZATION; PREDICTION AB A new parameterisation is described that predicts the temperature perturbations due to sub-grid scale orographic gravity waves in the atmosphere of the 19 level HadAM3 version of the United Kingdom Met Office Unified Model. The explicit calculation of the wave phase allows the sign of the temperature perturbation to be predicted. The scheme is used to create orographic clouds, including cirrus, that were previously absent in model simulations. A novel approach to the validation of this parameterisation makes use of both satellite observations of a case study, and a simulation in which the Unified Model is nudged towards ERA-40 assimilated winds, temperatures and humidities. It is demonstrated that this approach offers a feasible way of introducing large scale orographic cirrus clouds into GCMs. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, Chilton, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dean, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. EM s.dean@niwa.co.nz RI Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; OI Lawrence, Bryan/0000-0001-9262-7860 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 581 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00382-006-0202-0 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163IR UT WOS:000246153800002 ER PT J AU Zithanova, I Sumegova, K Simko, M Maruniakova, A Chovanova, Z Chavko, M Durackova, Z AF Zithanova, Ingrid Sumegova, Katarina Simko, Martin Maruniakova, Alexandra Chovanova, Zuzana Chavko, Mikulas Durackova, Zdenka TI Protein carbonyls as a biomarker of foetal-neonatal hypoxic stress SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; newborns; oxidative stress; protein carbonyls; antioxidants ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BIRTH; DEGRADATION; RADICALS; DISEASE; DAMAGE; BLOOD AB Objectives: Investigation of the effect of hypoxic conditions during labour on the protein oxidative modifications and changes in plasma antioxidative capacity of newborns. Design and methods: Oxidative damage to proteins was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidative status was monitored by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity method. In our study, 11 hypoxic and 19 normoxic newborns were involved. Results: In hypoxic newborns, we have found a significant increase in protein carbonyl levels (3.55 +/- 0.86 versus 3.24 +/- 0.69 mol carbonyls/mol proteins, p=0.045) and plasma antioxidant capacity (1.76 +/- 0.056 versus 1.68 +/- 0.097 mmol Trolox/L,p=0.004) when compared to normoxic children. Bilirubin levels were unchanged (p=0.87). Conclusion: Our results show elevated levels of carbonyls in hypoxic neonates compared to normoxic children. The oxidative damage to proteins is not sufficiently prevented by increased antioxidant capacity detected in plasma of hypoxic newborns. (c) 2006 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Inst Med Chem Biochem & Clin Biochem, Bratislava, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Hosp Obstet & Gynaecol 2nd, Bratislava, Slovakia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Durackova, Z (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Inst Med Chem Biochem & Clin Biochem, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava, Slovakia. EM zdenka.durackova@fmed.uniba.sk NR 19 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 40 IS 8 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.013 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 163BB UT WOS:000246132400010 PM 17321511 ER PT J AU Nichols, T AF Nichols, Tom TI Soviet nostalgia? SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Nichols, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 5 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 162JW UT WOS:000246084300027 ER PT J AU Nichols, T AF Nichols, Tom TI Soviet nostalgia? SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Nichols, T (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD MAY PY 2007 VL 123 IS 5 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 162JW UT WOS:000246084300028 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Structure of the nanoscience and nanotechnology instrumentation literature SO CURRENT NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; nanoscience; information technology; text mining; XRD; TEM; SEM; STM; AFM ID SCIENCE-AND-TECHNOLOGY; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; BIBLIOMETRICS; INFORMATION; DISCOVERY AB The instrumentation literature associated with nanoscience and nanotechnology research was examined. About 65000 nanotechnology records for 2005 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index/ Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) [1], and similar to 27000 of those were identified as instrumentation-related. All the diverse instruments were identified, and the relationships among the instruments, and among the instruments and the quantities they measure, were obtained. Metrics associated with research literatures for specific instruments/instrument groups were generated. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4137 J9 CURR NANOSCI JI Curr. Nanosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.2174/157341307780619215 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 158FE UT WOS:000245776100004 ER PT J AU Brumwell, EP Murphy, SJ AF Brumwell, Eric P. Murphy, Sean J. TI Keratosis circumscripta revisited: A case report and review of the literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Review AB Keratosis circumscripta, also known as psoriasis circurnscripta with palmoplantar keratosis, is a rarely reported condition that manifests as well-circumscribed lesions consisting of grouped folliculocentric papules on the elbows, knees, neck, sacrum, posterior axillary folds, and hips. This condition typically begins in childhood and has been shown to improve, but not resolve, with keratinolytic therapies. Some debate exists concerning the terminology used to identify this condition, Our report contributes to this ongoing dialogue by presenting a case that supports recognizing keratosis circumscripta as a unique clinical entity. We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a boy with keratosis circumscripta. We also present a review of the literature pertaining to this condition and an overview of the controversy surrounding its terminology. C1 USN, Air Stn, Naval Test Wing Atlantic, Patuxent River, MD USA. USN Hosp, Jacksonville, NC USA. RP Brumwell, EP (reprint author), USN, Dept Mil Med, Naval Hlth Clin Patuxent River, 47149 Buse Rd,Bldg 1370, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM eric.brumwell@navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 79 IS 5 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 172UF UT WOS:000246829200004 PM 17569397 ER PT J AU Stone, ME Cohen, ME Debban, BA AF Stone, Mark E. Cohen, Mark E. Debban, Brad A. TI Mercury vapor levels in exhaust air from dental vacuum systems SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mercury vapor; dental vacuum systems; air flow determinations AB Objective. This study was undertaken to determine mercury (Hg) vapor levels in the air exhausted from dental vacuum systems. Methodology. Hg vapor concentrations from the dental vacuum system exhaust ports of three dental clinics were measured utilizing the Jerome 431-X (TM) mercury vapor analyzer and the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) method ID-140 in units of ngHg/m(3). Air velocity measurements and temperatures were determined with a constant temperature thermal anemometer. Hg emissions per unit time were then calculated in ngHg/min. Ambient Hg concentrations from a location approximately 1000 feet away from the closest clinic sampled in this study were measured with an Ohio Lumex Inc. RA-915+(TM) Hg vapor analyzer. Results. Mean Hg vapor concentrations analyzed with the Jerome 431-X (TM) were: 46,526, 72,211, and 36,895 ng/m(3) for clinic 1 (110 chairs), clinic 11 (30 chairs) and clinic 111 (2 chairs), respectively. Mean Hg vapor concentrations utilizing OSHA method ID-140 were 45,316, 73,737, and 35,421ng/m(3), respectively. Air flow values were: 11.6, 1.8, and 0.5 standard m(3)/min, respectively. Hg emission data utilizing air flow measurements were calculated to be 532,684, 131,353, and 18,079 ng/min, respectively, (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the two methods used to measure Hg vapor concentrations. The mean Hg concentration in ambient air approximately 1000 feet from the nearest clinic sampled was 13.2 ng/m(3). Conclusion. The two different methods used to measure Hg vapor concentrations provided similar estimates of Hg concentrations from the exhaust air of three dental vacuum systems. Hg vapor release to the atmosphere from dental vacuums can be substantial and can exceed human exposure limits. (c) 2006 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Stone, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Bldg 1-H,310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM mark.stone@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2006.03.011 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 158UP UT WOS:000245820700001 PM 16678246 ER PT J AU Salzberg, SL Kingsford, C Cattoli, G Spiro, DJ Janies, DA Aly, MM Brown, IH Couacy-Hymann, E De Mia, GM Dung, DH Guercio, A Joannis, T Ali, ASM Osmani, A Padalino, I Saad, MD Savic, V Sengamalay, NA Yingst, S Zaborsky, J Zorman-Rojs, O Ghedin, E Capua, I AF Salzberg, Steven L. Kingsford, Carl Cattoli, Giovanni Spiro, David J. Janies, Daniel A. Aly, Mona Mehrez Brown, Ian H. Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel De Mia, Gian Mario Dung, Do Huu Guercio, Annalisa Joannis, Tony Ali, Ali Safar Maken Osmani, Azizullah Padalino, Iolanda Saad, Magdi D. Savic, Vladimir Sengamalay, Naomi A. Yingst, Samuel Zaborsky, Jennifer Zorman-Rojs, Olga Ghedin, Elodie Capua, Ilaria TI Genome analysis linking recent European and African influenza (H5N1) viruses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIAN FLU DATA; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; ASIA; OUTBREAK; REVEALS AB To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in its transcontinental spread, we sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of 36 recent influenza A (H5N1) viruses collected from birds in Europe, northern Africa, and southeastern Asia. These sequences, among the first complete genomes of influenza (H5N1) viruses outside Asia, clearly depict the lineages now infecting wild and domestic birds in Europe and Africa and show the relationships among these isolates and other strains affecting both birds and humans. The isolates fall into 3 distinct lineages, 1 of which contains all known non-Asian isolates. This new Euro-African lineage, which was the cause of several recent (2006) fatal human infections in Egypt and Iraq, has been introduced at least 3 times into the European-African region and has split into 3 distinct, independently evolving sublineages. One isolate provides evidence that 2 of these sublineages have recently reassorted. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Venezie, Padua, Italy. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Anim Hlth Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. Cent Lab Anim Pathol, Bingerville, Cote Ivoire. Ist Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria Marche, Perugia, Italy. Dept Anim Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Sicilia, Palermo, Italy. Nat Vet Res Inst, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. UN, Food & Agr Off, Tehran, Iran. Minist Agr, Kabul, Argentina. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Puglia & Basilicata, Foggia, Italy. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Croatian Vet Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Salzberg, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, 3125 Biomol Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM salzberg@umd.edu RI Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Guercio, Annalisa/J-4685-2016; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; Guercio, Annalisa/0000-0003-1042-5355; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432 FU NLM NIH HHS [R01 LM007938-04, R01 LM007938, R01 LM006845-08, R01 LM006845] NR 23 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 13 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 713 EP 718 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 164DD UT WOS:000246212400006 PM 17553249 ER PT J AU Regnier, E AF Regnier, Eva TI Oil and energy price volatility SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE oil prices; energy prices; commodity prices; price volatility ID COMMODITY PRICES; EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS; STOCK-MARKET; MACROECONOMY; SHOCKS; BEHAVIOR; WORLD AB It is commonly believed that since the 1973 oil crisis, oil and energy prices have been more volatile than other commodity prices. This study examines monthly producer prices for thousands of products over the period January 1945 through August 2005. The results show that crude oil, refined petroleum, and natural gas prices are more volatile than prices for about 95% of products sold by domestic producers. Relative to crude commodities, however, crude oil prices are currently more volatile than about 65% of other products, and oil price volatility first exceeded the median for crude commodities following the 1986 drop in oil prices. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Regnier, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eregnier@nps.edu NR 39 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 405 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2005.11.003 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 157WY UT WOS:000245753300005 ER PT J AU Afifi, S Wasfy, MO Azab, MA Youssef, FG Pimentel, G Graham, TW Mansour, H Elsayed, N Earhart, K Hajjeh, R Mahoney, F AF Afifi, S. Wasfy, M. O. Azab, M. A. Youssef, F. G. Pimentel, G. Graham, T. W. Mansour, H. Elsayed, N. Earhart, K. Hajjeh, R. Mahoney, F. TI Laboratory-based surveillance of patients with bacterial meningitis in Egypt (1998-2004) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; LONG-TERM SEQUELAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MENINGOCOCCAL-DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AB Laboratory-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis was conducted in a network of infectious disease hospitals in Egypt to better understand the epidemiology of this infection. Healthcare and laboratory personnel were trained in basic surveillance and microbiologic processing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. All bacterial isolates from CSF were confirmed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. PCR testing was performed on a random subset of purulent, culture-negative CSF specimens. Of 11,070 patients who met criteria for the case definition, 843 (8%) were culture positive (42% positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 20% for Haemophilus influenzae serotype b, 17% for each of Neisseria meningitidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6% for other bacteria). Of 1,784 (46%) CSF specimens tested by PCR, 232 (13%) were positive for the first three major pathogens. Of N. meningitidis isolates, 52% belonged to serogroup A, 35% to serogroup B, and 4% to serogroup W135. S. pneumoniae isolates comprised 46 different serotypes, of which 6B, 1, 19A, 23F, and 6A were the most predominant. The overall case-fatality rate for culture-positive cases was 26% and was highest among patients with M. tuberculosis (47%). Factors significantly associated with death (p < 0.05) included admission to rural hospitals, long prodromal period, referral from other hospitals, antibiotic treatment prior to admission, and clear CSF (< 100 cells/mm(3)). Susceptibility to ampicillin and ceftriaxone was observed in 44 and 100% of H. influenzae serotype b isolates and in 52 and 94% of S. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. This surveillance highlights the significant mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial meningitis in Egypt. Decision makers need to review current treatment guidelines and introduce appropriate vaccines for prevention and control of the disease. C1 USN, Dis Suveillance Program, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. Diagsera, Vacsera, Giza, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. DBMD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. RP Afifi, S (reprint author), USN, Dis Suveillance Program, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM afifis@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s10096-007-0280-x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 164HL UT WOS:000246224200004 PM 17404766 ER PT J AU Chang, HK Liou, JC Su, MY AF Chang, Hsien-Kuo Liou, Jin-Cheng Su, Ming-Yang TI Particle trajectory and mass transport of finite-amplitude waves in water of uniform depth SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE particle trajectory; mass transport; Lagrangian approach; Stokes wave ID STOKES WAVES AB A set of governing equations in Lagrangian form is derived for propagating gravity waves in water of uniform depth. The Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation method is used to obtain approximations up to fifth order. Recognizing the Lagrangian frequency to be a position function for all particles is a key to find these higher-order approximations. The present solution has zero pressure at the free surface and satisfies exactly the dynamic boundary condition. Under the present approximations, the Lagrangian frequency is composed of two parts. The first part is constant for all particles and equivalent to the term in the fifth-order Stokes' wave theory [J.D. Fenton, A fifth-order Stokes theory for steady waves, J. Waterway, Port, Coastal Ocean Eng. 111 (1985) 216-234]. The second part is a function of the depth. All the particles move as open (nonclosed) loops and have mean drift displacements that decrease exponentially with the water depth. Thus, a new fourth-order mass transport velocity is found. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. China Engn Consultants Inc, Harbor & Coastal Engn Dept, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, HK (reprint author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM hkc@faculty.nctu.edu.tw NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0997-7546 J9 EUR J MECH B-FLUID JI Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluids PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 385 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2006.09.005 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 150HV UT WOS:000245207500006 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Collision of a ball with a barbell and related impulse problems SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE t AB The collision of a ball with the end of a barbell illustrates the combined conservation laws of linear and angular momentum. This paper considers the instructive but unfamiliar case where the ball's incident direction of travel makes an acute angle with the barbell's connecting rod. The analysis uses the coefficient of restitution generalized to extended objects (in contrast to the usual point particles of introductory physics). The treatment becomes a springboard to studying impulsive two-dimensional collisions between other rigid objects. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/28/3/018 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 167PU UT WOS:000246464400031 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, J Joyce, PJ AF Burkhardt, J. Joyce, P. J. TI A cantilever bending rig for testing symmetric and asymmetric structures exhibiting large deflections SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burkhardt, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2007.00149.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 166FV UT WOS:000246364600003 ER PT J AU Rancourt, RC Lee, RL O'Neill, H Accurso, FJ White, CW AF Rancourt, Raymond C. Lee, Rees L. O'Neill, Heidi Accurso, Frank J. White, Carl W. TI Reduced thioredoxin increases proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil influx in rat airways: Modulation by airway mucus SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thioredoxin; TNF alpha; MIP3 alpha; CINC2 beta; neutrophil; lung; free radicals ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS SPUTUM; KAPPA-B; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ELASTASE ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; LUNG INJURY; TNF-ALPHA; ACTIVATION; REDUCTASE; CHEMOATTRACTANT AB Thioredoxin (Trx) decreases viscosity of cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum. In this study reduced Trx increased the solubility and decreased the size of MUC5B glycoprotein while reducing disulfide bonds in sputum. Because Trx used as a mucolytic would enter airways, this study determined the effects of intratracheal instillation of reduced recombinant human thioredoxin (rhTrx) in naive rat airways. Reduced rhTrx increased neutrophils and the cytokines TNF alpha, CINC2 beta, and MIP3 alpha in airways after 4 h. The effect of rhTrx was concentration-dependent. Exposure to saline, human serum albumin, or oxidized rhTrx at equal molarities did not increase airway neutrophils or cytokines. Instilling CF sputum (50 mu l) into the lung before reduced rhTrx delivery attenuated these responses. This suggests that rhTrx reduces disulfide bonds present in CF sputum, limiting the reduction of other lung constituents. Together these findings indicate that the chemotactic and cytokine responses are due to the reducing potential of rhTrx and that the potential for inflammation in non-CF and CF patients given aerosolized rhTrx may differ. In parallel studies, increased amounts of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B were present in nuclear extracts from rat lungs administered reduced rhTrx, suggesting a role for NF-kappa B in these proinflammatory responses. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Mike McMorris Cyst Fibrosis Res & Treatment Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. RP White, CW (reprint author), Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Dept Pediat, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM whitec@njc.org OI O'NEILL, HEIDI C./0000-0001-7250-1494 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL-07670] NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1441 EP 1453 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.0017 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 156NL UT WOS:000245656100014 PM 17395017 ER PT J AU Kantsyrev, VL Rudakov, LI Safronova, AS Velikovich, AL Ivanov, VV Coverdale, CA Jones, B LePell, PD Ampleford, DJ Deeney, C Chuvatin, AS Williamson, K Shrestha, I Ouart, N Yilmaz, MF Osborne, G Haboub, A Batie, S Astanovitsky, A LeGalloudec, B Nalajala, V McDaniel, W Shlyaptseva, V Adkins, T Meyer, C AF Kantsyrev, V. L. Rudakov, L. I. Safronova, A. S. Velikovich, A. L. Ivanov, V. V. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. LePell, P. D. Ampleford, D. J. Deeney, C. Chuvatin, A. S. Williamson, K. Shrestha, I. Ouart, N. Yilmaz, M. F. Osborne, G. Haboub, A. Batie, S. Astanovitsky, A. LeGalloudec, B. Nalajala, V. McDaniel, W. Shlyaptseva, V. Adkins, T. Meyer, C. TI Properties of a planar wire arrays Z-pinch source and comparisons with cylindrical arrays SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Planar wire array; Cylindrical wire array; Z-pinch; X-ray source; X-ray diagnostics AB Planar wire array plasmas created by a 1 MA current discharge provide a novel method to investigate dense plasma dynamics, heating mechanism and radiation properties. This is a strongly inhomogeneous on small scale plasma, which has high resistivity with density and magnetic field dependence. The planar array dynamics leads to generation of a plasma with a chain of hot spots in a dense, high-opacity column. The single planar array consists of a number of wires with inter-wire separation of <= 1 mm in a linear row. It has been shown that a strongly inhomogeneous on small scale planar wire array plasma can radiate much more energy than the kinetic energy of imploding plasma. The results of recent experiments on scaling of radiation yields and powers with array masses, materials, inter-wire gaps and array width at 1 MA, 1.5 TW power Z-pinch Zebra generator at University of Nevada at Reno are presented. Radiation properties of planar arrays were compared with low-number cylindrical arrays and compact cylindrical array loads. Data on the generation of the hot spots during implosion of planar array plasma and its impact on the radiation pulse are reported. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kantsyrev, V. L.; Safronova, A. S.; Ivanov, V. V.; Williamson, K.; Shrestha, I.; Ouart, N.; Yilmaz, M. F.; Osborne, G.; Haboub, A.; Batie, S.; Astanovitsky, A.; LeGalloudec, B.; Nalajala, V.; McDaniel, W.; Shlyaptseva, V.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Rudakov, L. I.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coverdale, C. A.; Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Deeney, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [LePell, P. D.; Adkins, T.; Meyer, C.] Ktech Co, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM victor@physics.unr.edu FU DOE/NNSA [DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, DE-FC52-06NAngstrom27616]; Sandia National Laboratories under DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Special thanks to T. Cowan from the UNR for programmatic support, K. Struve from the SNL for support and useful discussions; M. Cuneo from the SNL and A. Esaulov from the UNR for helpful discussions, D. Jobe from the Ktech, J. McGurn from the SNL, A. Morozov, S. Altemara, J. Croteau, C. Thomas from the UNR for technical support in experiments. Work was supported by the DOE/NNSA under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, in part by the DOE/NNSA under UNR grant DE-FC52-06N angstrom 27616, and by Sandia National Laboratories under DOE contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.009 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000020 ER PT J AU Schneider, MB Hinkel, DE Moon, SJ Hansen, SB Baldis, HA Austrheim-Smith, C Brown, GV Campbell, KM Chung, HK Cone, K Constantin, CG Glebov, VY Holder, JP Holland, G James, DL Langdon, AB Lee, RW May, MJ Roberts, S Schein, J Seely, J Seka, W Shepherd, R Singh, MS Sorce, C Turner, RE Weber, F Widmann, K Young, BK AF Schneider, M. B. Hinkel, D. E. Moon, S. J. Hansen, S. B. Baldis, H. A. Austrheim-Smith, C. Brown, G. V. Campbell, K. M. Chung, H-K. Cone, K. Constantin, C. G. Glebov, V. Yu Holder, J. P. Holland, G. James, D. L. Langdon, A. B. Lee, R. W. May, M. J. Roberts, S. Schein, J. Seely, J. Seka, W. Shepherd, R. Singh, M. S. Sorce, C. Turner, R. E. Weber, F. Widmann, K. Young, B. K. TI Development of a thermal X-radiation source using "hot" hohlraums SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hohlraum; Hot hohlraum; Opacity; Thermal radiation ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; RAY-FLUX; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; LASER; TARGETS; LIGHT; TEMPERATURES; CONFINEMENT; PLASMAS; CAMERA AB High temperature ("hot'') hohlraums are being developed to heat samples to high temperatures for opacity or other atomic physics studies. Hot hohlraums have been fielded at the National Ignition Facility [D. E. Hinkel, et al., Phys. Plasmas 12 (2005) 056305] and the OMEGA [M. B. Schneider, et al., Phys. Plasmas 13 (2006) 112701] lasers. They reach high radiation temperatures by coupling a maximum amount of laser energy (10 kJ) into small, i.e., 400-800 mu m diameter, gold hohlraums in a 1 ns pulse causing the hohlraums to fill with gold plasma. Radiation temperatures of 370 eV have been measured in the laser entrance hole (LEH) region of these targets [D. E. Hinkel, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 195001]. However, the LEH radiation is not the radiation drive of interest as the sample can neither be shielded from the non-thermal components of this radiation nor protected from the gold plasma. To mitigate these problems the source we are developing uses the radiation from the X-ray burnthrough of thin walls of a pair of hot hohlraums to heat a sample. We report on the measured radiation drive of this source and its use to heat a surrogate sample. We characterize the radiative heating of the sample by measuring its thermal expansion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schneider, M. B.; Hinkel, D. E.; Moon, S. J.; Hansen, S. B.; Brown, G. V.; Campbell, K. M.; Chung, H-K.; Holder, J. P.; James, D. L.; Langdon, A. B.; Lee, R. W.; May, M. J.; Schein, J.; Shepherd, R.; Singh, M. S.; Sorce, C.; Turner, R. E.; Weber, F.; Widmann, K.; Young, B. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Baldis, H. A.; Austrheim-Smith, C.; Cone, K.; Constantin, C. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glebov, V. Yu; Roberts, S.; Seka, W.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Holland, G.; Seely, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48, DE-FG52-2005NA26017 (NLUF)] FX We thank the excellent OMEGA laser crew at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics for their expert help in these experiments. We thank Roger Van Maren, Jim Emig, John Ruppe, and Russ Wallace for their technical expertise. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 and grant number DE-FG52-2005NA26017 (NLUF). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.023 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000038 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Holland, GE Hudson, LT Szabo, CI Henins, A Park, HS Patel, PK Tommasini, R Laming, JM AF Seely, John F. Holland, Glenn E. Hudson, Lawrence T. Szabo, Csilla I. Henins, Albert Park, Hye-Sook Patel, Prav K. Tommasini, Riccardo Laming, J. Martin TI K-shell spectra from Ag, Sn, Sm, Ta, and Au generated by intense femtosecond laser pulses SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Laser-plasma interaction; Hard X-rays; Femtosecond laser AB K-shell X-ray spectra were recorded by the Dual Crystal Spectrometer (DCS) from Ag, Sn, Sm, Ta, and Au planar foil targets irradiated by single intense femtosecond pulses from the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. DCS implements two quartz crystals in transmission (Laue) geometry covering the X-ray energy range 10-50 keV and 20-120 keV. The spectral images were recorded on photo-stimulable phosphor image plates and on film/phosphor cassettes. The K alpha and K beta spectral lines of Ag with energies 22 keV and 25 keV, Sn at 25 keV and 28 keV, Sm at 40 keV and 46 keV, Ta at 57 keV and 66 keV, and Au at 67 keV and 79 keV were clearly resolved. The observation of these spectral lines, resulting from 1s electron vacancies created by electrons with energies up to at least 80 keV, enables the implementation of K-shell spectroscopy diagnostic techniques for understanding the laser energy deposition, energetic electron generation, ionization distribution, and X-ray conversion efficiency in plasmas produced by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Based on the measured energies of the Au K-shell transitions, we conclude that the observed Au K-shell transitions are from ionization stages lower than Au+44, and are most likely from neutral Au atoms, that the Titan plasmas and the hard X-ray emissions are dominated by electrons with energies exceeding 80 keV, and that thermal processes play a minor role. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seely, John F.; Laming, J. Martin] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Holland, Glenn E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.; Szabo, Csilla I.; Henins, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Szabo, Csilla I.] Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Park, Hye-Sook; Patel, Prav K.; Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank the Titan laser operations staff for expert assistance. The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The work at LLNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The mention of a commercial produce does not represent an endorsement. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.022 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V27PV UT WOS:000208626000039 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Richards, AL AF Chattopadhyay, Suchismita Richards, Allen L. TI Scrub typhus vaccines - Past history and recent developments SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Review DE scrub typhus; Orientia tsutsugamushi; rickettsia; antigenic proteins; homologous and heterologous protection; immunological response ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI INFECTIONS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PROTEIN ANTIGEN R56; FIBROBLASTS L-CELLS; RAPID FLOW ASSAY; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB Scrub typhus, an acute, febrile and potentially fatal disease, caused by infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugomushi, is commonly seen in the Asia-Pacific region. This disease can be handled successfully with rapid diagnosis, proper antibiotic treatment, and rodent and chigger control. However, recent reports of scrub typhus outbreaks in endemic areas, and a decreased effectiveness of antibiotic treatment suggest a continued need for a suitable vaccine. This review describes the early and recent attempts in making prophylactic preparations to prevent scrub typhus, the successes and failures of these attempts, and future directions of scrub typhus vaccine development. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Res Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Res Program, 503 Robert Grand Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ChattopadhyayS@nmrc.navy.mil NR 103 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 164DG UT WOS:000246212700002 PM 17375000 ER PT J AU Kompella, S Mao, SW Hou, YT Sherali, HD AF Kompella, Sastry Mao, Shiwen Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. TI Cross-layer optimized multipath routing for video communications in wireless networks SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE video communications; multipath routing; multiple description (MD) coding; optimization AB Traditionally, routing is considered solely as a network layer problem and has been decoupled from application layer objectives. Although such an approach offers simplicity in the design of the protocol stack, it does not offer good performance for certain applications such as video. In this paper, we explore the problem of how to perform routing with the objective of optimizing application layer performance. Specifically, we consider how to perform multipath routing for multiple description (MD) video in a multi-hop wireless network. We formulate this problem into an optimization problem with application performance metric as the objective function and routing and link layer considerations as constraints. We develop a formal branch-and-bound framework and exploit the so-called Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) in the solution procedure. We show that this solution procedure is able to produce a set of routes whose objective value is within (1 - epsilon) of the optimum. We use simulation results to substantiate the efficacy of the solution procedure and compare the performance with that under non-cross-layer approach. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kom-pella@itd.nrl.navy.mil; smao@ieee.org; thou@vt.edu; hanifs@vt.edu NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 EI 1558-0008 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2007.070518 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 159XY UT WOS:000245902400018 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark TI Optimized device characteristics of lateral spin valves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE lateral spin valve; magnetic random-access memory (MRAM); reconfigurable logic; spin accumulation; spin injection ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; GOLD-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INJECTION; CHARGE; RESISTANCE; INTERFACE; BARRIERS; METAL AB The lateral spin valve is a planar ferromagnet/ nonmagnet/ferromagnet (F1/N/F2) structure with a resistance modulation Delta R that derives from a nonequilibrium population of spin-polarized conduction electrons. This paper analyzes the characteristics of a future-generation all-metal device fabricated with minimum feature size f of 50 nm. Theoretical principles of operation are reviewed, and the "inverse scaling" rule is derived: Output resistance modulation varies inversely with the volume of the nonmagnetic material in the device. The thermodynamic formalism of Johnson and Silsbee is also used to. study details of charge and spin transport at the FIN interface and to understand the limits of the fractional polarization of injected current. Experiments on lateral spin valves with N channels having widths of 150 nm are described. A high fractional polarization is observed for structures with low interface resistance. A survey of recent results on similar devices shows that inverse scaling is upheld over ten decades of sample volume. Using these experimentally observed parameters and extrapolating further to f = 50 nm, a spin-accumulation device that is fabricated to have an output impedance of 50 Omega and an output modulation of 50 Omega (Delta R/R = 100%) is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.b.johnson@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1031 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.894374 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 161RQ UT WOS:000246033700012 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Papanicolaou, NA Park, D Bass, R AF Kruppa, Walter Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Papanicolaou, Nicolas A. Park, Doewon Bass, Robert TI Low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs and related HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); indium compounds; microwave FETs; MODFETs; semiconductor device noise; semiconductor heterojunctions; 1 / f noise ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; 1/F NOISE; LOW-VOLTAGE; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; MOBILITY; AMPLIFIER; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; LAYERS AB A comprehensive examination of the low-frequency noise characteristics of AlSb/InAs and related high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) in the 6.1-angstrom-lattice-constant material system is reported. The effect of gate bias on the noise of devices in this technology is reported for the first time. The slope of the noise level in all the devices examined is nearly 1/f below 100 Hz, but, some have significant generation-recombination Lorentzian components at higher frequencies, with an activation energy between 0.30 and 0.40 eV. The Hooge parameter alpha(H) for open-channel measurements is in the range between 5 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-3) based on measurements at low drain voltage. Comparisons are made to the noise performance of several earlier InAs-based HEMTs with considerably different layer structure and channel composition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kruppa@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1202 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.893658 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 161RQ UT WOS:000246033700035 ER PT J AU Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Myers, RE Wood, FN Levush, B AF Abe, David K. Pershing, Dean E. Nguyen, Khanh T. Myers, Robert E. Wood, Franklin N. Levush, Baruch TI Experimental study of phase pushing in a fundamental-mode multiple-beam klystron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE multibeam; multiple-beam amplifier (MBA); multiple-beam klystron (MBK); phase pushing; pushing factor ID S-BAND; SIMULATION; AMPLIFIERS; DESIGN AB We present the results of experimental measurements of the radio frequency phase as a function of cathode voltage for an eight-beam four-cavity multiple-beam klystron (MBK) operated at a driven frequency of 3.25 GHz. The phase-pushing factor was measured in both the small- and large-signal regimes of amplifier operation and was found to be 0.0134 degrees/V and 0.0148 degrees/V, respectively. The experiment was also modeled with a simple analytic function and with Telegraphist's Equations Solution for Linear Beam Amplifiers, a multiple-beam 2.5-D nonlinear klystron code, with both methods yielding good agreement with the measured data. The low values for the phase-pushing factor are a benefit of the MBK's high-perveance operation that results in a shorter circuit length relative to single-beam devices of comparable power. These advantages contribute to the growing interest in the use of multiple-beam devices for high-power phase-sensitive applications such as advanced radar and high-data-rate digital communications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. ATK, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1258 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.894240 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 161RQ UT WOS:000246033700044 ER PT J AU Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. TI Statistical properties of low-grazing range-resolved sea surface backscatter generated through two-dimensional direct numerical simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clutter statistics; low grazing angles (LGAs); numerical simulations; scattering by rough surfaces ID FREQUENCY RADIOWAVE SCATTERING; OCEAN MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; CONDUCTING RANDOM SURFACES; FORWARD-BACKWARD METHOD; CANONICAL GRID METHOD; BREAKING WATER-WAVES; ROUGH SURFACES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; MULTIPATH SCATTERING; ANGLE BACKSCATTER AB Statistical properties of the X-band sea clutter are studied using 2-D direct numerical simulations. Surfaces are modeled as realizations of a Gaussian random process with the Pierson-Moskowitz or Elfouhaily spectrum. The Creamer transform is further applied to account for the lowest-order surface nonlinearities. Backscattered field at a given frequency is found using the first-principles boundary integral equation (BIE) technique. Calculations are repeated at a number of frequencies, which allows synthesizing the surface response to a pulse as short as 2.2 ns (the corresponding spatial resolution is 0.33 m). Large-scale Monte Carlo trials are used to evaluate the correlation properties and to obtain the probability distributions for the vertically- and horizontally-polarized clutter. This paper concentrates on the incident angle of 85 degrees (5 degrees grazing), with a few results for moderate 60 degrees incidence also reported for comparison. The effects of variations in wind speed (sea state) and radar resolution on the clutter statistics are investigated. An L-band example (with proportionally longer pulse) helps explore the role of a different electromagnetic (e/m) wavelength. The simulation technique also allows for the isolation and examination of the impacts of certain e/m and hydrodynamic approximations, including the replacement of rigorous solution to the BIE by a simpler analytical scattering model. The amplitude statistics of the simulated backscatter are compared to the Weibull and K distributions that are often used to describe surface clutter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil; mark.sletten@nrl.navy.mil NR 63 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1197 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.894442 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161SD UT WOS:000246035100009 ER PT J AU Popovici, I Withers, WD AF Popovici, Irina Withers, Wm. Douglas TI Locating edges and removing ringing artifacts in JPEG images by frequency-domain analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE discrete cosine transform (DCT); edge detection; JPEG; step edge AB We present a method of locating edges in JPEG-coded images which operates in frequency space on the DCT coefficients. Applied to the quantized DCT coefficients of a block containing a straight edge, the method yields an equation for the edge in a fraction of the operations needed to dequantize and transform the coefficents to pixel values. As a sample application of this method, we present a technique for alleviating ringing artifacts in JPEG-coded images. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Pegasus Imaging Corp, Tampa, FL USA. RP Popovici, I (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM popovici@usna.edu; wdw@usna.edu NR 11 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1474 DI 10.1109/TIP.2007.891782 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 159AS UT WOS:000245838400024 PM 17491474 ER PT J AU Luke, BL Pace, PE AF Luke, Brian L. Pace, Phillip E. TI N-sequence RSNS ambiguity analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE ambiguities; integer Gray code; sequences; symmetrical residue ID SYMMETRICAL NUMBER SYSTEM; PREPROCESSING ARCHITECTURE; CONVERTERS AB The robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is a modular system formed using N >= 2 integer sequences and ensures that two successive RSNS vectors (paired terms from all N sequences) differ by only one integer. This integer Gray-code property reduces the possibility of encoding errors and makes the RSNS useful in applications such as folding analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), direction finding antenna architectures, and photonic processors. This paper determines the length of combined sequences that contain no vector ambiguities. This length or longest run of distinct vectors we call the RSNS dynamic range ((M) over cap). The position of (M) over cap which is the starting point in the sequence is also derived. Computing (M) over cap and the position of (M) over cap allows the integer Gray-code properties of the RSNS to be used in practical applications. We first extend our two-sequence results to develop a closed-form expression for (M) over cap for a three-sequence RSNS with moduli of the form 2(r) - 1, 2(r), 2(r) + 1. We then extend the results to solving the N-sequence RSNS ambiguity locations in general. C1 USN, Informat Operat Command Suitland, Adv Concepts & Demonstrations, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luke, BL (reprint author), USN, Informat Operat Command Suitland, Adv Concepts & Demonstrations, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM lukebri@niwa.navy.mil; pepace@nps.edu NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1766 DI 10.1109/TIT.2606.894627 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 161RY UT WOS:000246034600011 ER PT J AU Esposito, JM Kim, M AF Esposito, Joel M. Kim, Moonzoo TI Using formal modeling with an automated analysis tool to design and parametrically analyze a multirobot coordination protocol: A case study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE automata; design automation; formal languages; mobile robots ID EMBEDDED SYSTEMS; VERIFICATION AB Many robot systems employ logic-based or reactive controllers, making them hybrid systems (i.e., mixed discrete continuous). However, designing such control laws in a systematic manner remains a challenging task. In this paper, we apply the formal modeling paradigm to a team of mobile robots. The linear hybrid automata modeling framework is used to describe the high-level design, and the verification software HYTECH is used for symbolic analysis of the description. The goal is to symbolically quantify system-level performance as a function of the design parameters, for the purpose of optimizing and synthesizing design parameters, verifying safe operation, and quantitatively exploring tradeoff issues. In order to make the analysis tractable, a series of restrictive assumptions and simplifications must be made-some dictated by the linear hybrid automata model and others necessitated by computational cost. We comment on the restrictiveness of these assumptions and the overall utility of this automated analysis approach in designing complex robotic systems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM esposito@usna.edu; moonzoo@cs.kaist.ac.kr RI Kim, Moonzoo/C-1661-2011 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2006.886378 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 161RX UT WOS:000246034500001 ER PT J AU Hou, YT Shi, Y Sherali, HD Wieselthier, E AF Hou, Y. Thomas Shi, Yi Sherali, Hanif D. Wieselthier, E. TI Multicast communications in Ad hoc networks using directional antennas: A lifetime-centric approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ad hoc networks; directional antenna; energy constraint; multicast; network lifetime; online algorithm; optimization; wireless communications AB We consider a wireless ad hoc network where each node employs a single-beam directional antenna and is provisioned with limited energy. We are interested in an online routing algorithm for successive multicast communication requests with the aim of maximizing the network lifetime. The beam-forming property, which is associated with single-beam directional antennas, introduces some unique problems that do not exist for omnidirectional antennas and, therefore, significantly increases the design space for routing algorithms. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we provide some important theoretical understanding on various multicast problems and deduce that even an offline version of this problem is NP-hard. Second, we develop a highly competitive online routing algorithm that takes the network lifetime consideration directly into iterative calculations and show that an algorithm that is designed under this methodology provides consistently better performance than the current state-of-the-art algorithm that only considers remaining energy. The theoretical results and routing algorithm in this paper offer some important insights on algorithm design for energy-constrained wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas. C1 Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hou, YT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM thou@vt.edu; yshi@vt.edu; hanifs@vt.edu; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1333 EP 1344 DI 10.1109/TVT.2007.895478 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 172MI UT WOS:000246808000030 ER PT J AU Swan, JE Jones, A Kolstad, E Livingston, MA Smallman, HS AF Swan, J. Edward, II Jones, Adam Kolstad, Eric Livingston, Mark A. Smallman, Harvey S. TI Egocentric depth judgments in optical, see-through augmented reality SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference CY MAR 25-29, 2006 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE VGTC DE artificial; augmented and virtual realities; ergonomics; evaluation/methodology; screen design; experimentation; measurement; performance; depth perception; optical see-through augmented reality ID HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; LOCALIZATION; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; FIELD AB A fundamental problem in optical, see-through augmented reality (AR) is characterizing how it affects the perception of spatial layout and depth. This problem is important because AR system developers need to both place graphics in arbitrary spatial relationships with real-world objects, and to know that users will perceive them in the same relationships. Furthermore, AR makes possible enhanced perceptual techniques that have no real-world equivalent, such as x-ray vision, where AR users are supposed to perceive graphics as being located behind opaque surfaces. This paper reviews and discusses protocols for measuring egocentric depth judgments in both virtual and augmented environments, and discusses the well-known problem of depth underestimation in virtual environments. It then describes two experiments that measured egocentric depth judgments in AR. Experiment I used a perceptual matching protocol to measure AR depth judgments at medium and far-field distances of 5 to 45 meters. The experiment studied the effects of upper versus lower visual field location, the x-ray vision condition, and practice on the task. The experimental findings include evidence for a switch in bias, from underestimating to overestimating the distance of AR-presented graphics, at similar to 23 meters, as well as a quantification of how much more difficult the x-ray vision condition makes the task. Experiment II used blind walking and verbal report protocols to measure AR depth judgments at distances of 3 to 7 meters. The experiment examined real-world objects, real-world objects seen through the AR display, virtual objects, and combined real and virtual objects. The results give evidence that the egocentric depth of AR objects is underestimated at these distances, but to a lesser degree than has previously been found for most virtual reality environments. The results are consistent with previous studies that have implicated a restricted field-of-view, combined with an inability for observers to scan the ground plane in a near-to-far direction, as explanations for the observed depth underestimation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Inst Neurocognit Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Res Lab, 3D Virtual & Mixed Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Pacific Sci & Engn Grp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Swan, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 300 Butler Hall,POB 9637, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM swan@acm.org; markl@ait.nrl.navy.mil; Smallman@pacific-science.com NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.1035 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 145WA UT WOS:000244895300003 PM 17356211 ER PT J AU Loveland, JL Monkman, SK Morrice, DJ AF Loveland, Jennifer L. Monkman, Susan K. Morrice, Douglas J. TI Dell uses a new production-scheduling algorithm to accommodate increased product variety SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE production scheduling; heuristic; optimization; product families; parallel lines; assemble-to-order AB Early in 2003, with continually increasing product variety and production volumes, Dell, Inc. had reached the designed capacity limits of one of its main production facilities, the Morton L. Topfer Manufacturing Center (TMC). In 2004, TMC was facing a doubling of the number of product families it produced, with an anticipated degradation in production rates of nearly 20 percent. To help assuage this problem, we developed a new production-scheduling algorithm, which contains both optimization and heuristic components. The algorithm schedules product families on parallel, identical kitting lines to minimize the number of setups required and to reduce downtime and slow time during setups. Because of our work, Dell was able to accommodate the twofold increase in product variety, as well as an effective production-volume increase of over 35 percent. Furthermore, Dell realized a conservative cost avoidance of more than $1 million annually, primarily because it saved overtime costs that it would have required, in the absence of our solution, to handle the increases in production volume and product variety. This solution has been in operation at TMC since June 2004. C1 Dell Inc, Americas Proc Engn, Round Rock, TX 78682 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Texas, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Loveland, JL (reprint author), Dell Inc, Americas Proc Engn, 1 Dell Way, Round Rock, TX 78682 USA. EM jennifer_loveland@dell.com; skheath@nps.edu; morrice@mail.utexas.edu NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1287/inte.1060.0264 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 199BH UT WOS:000248670700001 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, David S. TI Introduction: thinking about 'enlightenment' and 'counter-enlightenment' in nuclear policies SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00629.x PG 4 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 171CA UT WOS:000246711300001 ER PT J AU Qin, H Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Qin, H. Sasao, T. Butler, J. T. TI On the design of LPM address generators using multiple LUT cascades on FPGAs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing CY MAR 01-03, 2006 CL Delf, NETHERLANDS DE LPM address generator; multiple LUT cascade; FPGA ID CAM AB We propose the multiple LUT cascade as a way to configure an n-input longest prefix match (LPM) address generator commonly used in routers to determine the output port given an address. The LPM address generator accepts n-bit addresses which it matches against k stored prefixes. We implement Our design on a Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA for n = 32 and k = 504 similar to 511. Also, we compare our design to a Xilinx proprietary ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) design and to another design we propose as a likely solution to this problem. Our best multiple LUT cascade implementation has 5.17 times more throughput, 40.71 times more throughput/area and is 2.97 times more efficient in terms of area-delay product than Xilinx's proprietary design, but its area is only 15% of Xilinx's design. Furthermore, we derive a method to determine the optimum configuration of the multiple LUT cascade on an FPGA. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, 680-4 Kawazu, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. EM qinh_jp@yahoo.co.jp RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7217 J9 INT J ELECTRON JI Int. J. Electron. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 94 IS 5 BP 451 EP 467 DI 10.1080/00207210701295483 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 180OX UT WOS:000247376500003 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, James A. TI Cradle of conflict: Iraq and the birth of the modern US military SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA USA. EM jarussel@nps.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 320 EP 322 DI 10.1017/S0020743807070274 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 164YZ UT WOS:000246272200028 ER PT J AU Kadhim, A AF Kadhim, Abbas TI Landscapes of the Jihad SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kadhim, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM abbaskadhim@hotmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1017/S0020743807070328 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 164YZ UT WOS:000246272200033 ER PT J AU Alibayeva, G Todd, CS Khakimov, MM Giyasova, GM Botros, BA Carr, JK Bautista, CT Sanchez, JL Earhart, KC AF Alibayeva, G. Todd, C. S. Khakimov, M. M. Giyasova, G. M. Botros, B. A. Carr, J. K. Bautista, C. T. Sanchez, J. L. Earhart, K. C. TI Sexually transmitted disease symptom management behaviours among female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res DE female sex workers; sexually transmitted infections; self-treatment; sexual behaviour; Uzbekistan ID SELF-TREATMENT; INFECTION; HIV; SYPHILIS; SPREAD; HEALTH AB The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess prevalence and correlates of self-treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among female sex workers (FSW) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Enrolled FSW completed a self-administered questionnaire, HIV serologic testing and optional pelvic examination. STD diagnosis was based on physical examination and/or microscopic findings. Of 448 women, 337 (75.0%) accepted examination; of these, 316 (93.8%) received at least one STD-related diagnosis. Nearly half (45.4%) reported prior STD self-treatment, which was associated with HIV infection (age-adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45-7.53) and condom knowledge (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.16-3.80). For those with history of STD, immediate resumption of sex work before completing treatment was common (87.0%). STD self-treatment is common among FSW in Tashkent, particularly women with HIV infection. Confidential venues for STD care and condom utilization programmes targeted to FSW and their clients are needed to prevent STD in this setting. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Minist Hlth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Mil Med Inc, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Mil Med Inc, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,0622, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cstodd@ucsd.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1258/095646207780749637 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 173YC UT WOS:000246907400009 PM 17524193 ER PT J AU Couch, MA Wood, ER AF Couch, Mark. A. Wood, E. Roberts TI Two-dimensional unsteady aerodynamic application to higher harmonic control test data SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit CY NOV, 2002 CL Williamsburg, VA AB In 1982, flight tests were conducted on a modified OH-6A helicopter that incorporated an active higher harmonic control system to reduce vibratory loads on the rotor system. While reducing vibrations up to 90%, open-loop higher harmonic control data showed significant reductions in the main rotor shaft torque and engine power indicating that higher harmonic control may be also providing performance improvements. In this study, unsteady, rotary-wing, potential flow theory for a thin, oscillating airfoil is used to explain the mechanism behind the performance improvements seen on the OH-6A. Equations for the 2-D, unsteady, rotary-wing aerodynamic forces and moments with a finite number of wakes, or shed layers of vorticity, beneath the rotor are developed and applied specifically to the pitch and flap oscillations seen in the hover flight-test data. A modified finite-wake lift deficiency function is developed for this finite-wake theory that is analogous to the classical Theodorsen and Loewy lift deficiency functions, and is used in used to calculate the horizontal time-averaged propulsive force (negative drag) derived by Garrick to show that unsteady aerodynamics can provide the order of magnitude effects necessary to quantify the performance improvements seen on the OH-6A. C1 Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Couch, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 505 E Armory Ave,MC-536, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 790 EP 798 DI 10.2514/1.23369 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 180AH UT WOS:000247331700011 ER PT J AU Baraskar, AK Yoon, SD Geiler, A Yang, A Chinnasamy, CN Chen, YJ Sun, N Vittoria, C Goswami, R Willard, M Harris, VG AF Baraskar, Ashish K. Yoon, Soack Dae Geiler, Anton Yang, Aria Chinnasamy, C. N. Chen, Yajie Sun, Nian Vittoria, Carmine Goswami, Ramasis Willard, Matthew Harris, Vincent G. TI Pulsed laser ablation deposition of nanocrystalline exchange-coupled Ni11Co11Fe67-xZr7B4Cux (x=0,1) films for planar inductor applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETIC ALLOY FE73.5NB3CU1SI13.5B9; GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; SOFT; COERCIVITY AB Nanocrystalline films of the Ni11Co11Fe67-xZr7B4Cux (x=0,1) composition were deposited on fused quartz substrates by pulsed laser deposition. For the films of Ni11Co11Fe66Zr7B4Cu, the bcc grain size ranged from 5 to 8 nm in the films deposited at substrate temperatures from ambient to 300 degrees C. Films grown at a substrate temperature of 300 degrees C were found to have optimal magnetic properties including minima in the coercivity and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth. The magnetic characterization studies showed coercivity H-c < 5 Oe, 4 pi M-S similar to 16 kG, and in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field (H-A) similar to 25-30 Oe. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth was measured to be 34 Oe and zero magnetic field ferromagnetic resonance at similar to 2 GHz. These properties allow these films to be candidates for magnetic planar inductors operating from 0.5 to 2 GHz. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baraskar, AK (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM baraskar.a@neu.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09M519 DI 10.1063/1.2712055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900423 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Glaser, ER Hobart, KD Hansen, DM Chung, GY Bolotnikov, AV Sudarshan, TS AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest J. Prokes, Sharka M. Glaser, Evan R. Hobart, Karl D. Hansen, Darren M. Chung, Gilyong Bolotnikov, Alexander V. Sudarshan, Tangali S. TI Free carrier distribution profiling of 4H-SiC substrates using a commercial optical scanner SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIC POLYTYPES; DOPING LEVELS; N-TYPE AB Presented here is an explanation for the use of a commercial optical scanner for the mapping of doping density (N-D) within SiC substrates and as a local probe for N-D variations. This method provides a fast and cost effective method for determining N-D homogeneity, examining local electrical characteristics, and recognizing defect sites including areas of different polytypes or polycrystallinity. Hall effect and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to calibrate the transmission amplitude, integrated area and scanner red, green, blue (RGB) luminance values with N-D. It is shown that features presented in the calculated N-D maps strongly correlate to those observed in Lehighton resistivity maps. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Auburn, MI 48611 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Swearingen Engn Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 093506 DI 10.1063/1.2722251 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900020 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Hathaway, KB Lograsso, TA Huang, M Summers, E AF Clark, A. E. Restorff, J. B. Wun-Fogle, M. Hathaway, K. B. Lograsso, T. A. Huang, M. Summers, E. TI Magnetostriction of ternary Fe-Ga-X (X = C, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Rh) alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID AL ALLOYS; (FE1-XMX)3GA; STRESS AB Binary iron-gallium (Galfenol) alloys have large magnetostrictions over a wide temperature range. Single crystal measurements show that additions of 2 at. % or greater of 3d and 4d transition elements with fewer (V, Cr, Mo, Mn) and more (Co, Ni, Rh) valence electrons than Fe, all reduce the saturation magnetostriction. Kawamiya and Adachi [J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 31-34, 145 (1983)] reported that the D0(3) structure is stabilized by 3d transition elements with electron/atom ratios both less than iron and greater than iron. If D0(3) ordering decreases the magnetostriction, the maximum magnetostriction should be largest for the (more disordered) binary Fe-Ga alloys as observed. Notably, addition of small amounts of C (0.07, 0.08, and 0.14 at. %) increases the magnetostriction of the slow cooled binary alloy to values comparable to the rapidly quenched alloy. We assume that small atom (C, B, N) additions enter interstitially and inhibit ordering, thus maximizing the magnetostriction without quenching. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Etrema Prod Inc, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM marilyn.wun-fogle@navy.mil NR 11 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09C507 DI 10.1063/1.2670376 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900151 ER PT J AU Heil, TM Willard, MA Flores, JJ AF Heil, T. M. Willard, M. A. Flores, J. J. TI Structure and magnetic properties of Co-rich nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys with low coercivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB In this study, a series of five nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys, with compositions equally spaced between (Co(0.70)Fe(0.20)Ni(0.10))(88)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) and (Co(0.90)Fe(0.08)N(0.02))(88)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1), was fabricated by melt spinning and subsequent isothermal annealing. The alloys were annealed at 823 and 1023 K for 3600 s, and the resulting structure and magnetic properties are reported. X-ray diffraction indicates that 1 h isothermal annealing at 823 K results in body-centered cubic crystallites in the Fe/Ni poor alloys and in a mixture of body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic crystallites in most Fe/Ni rich alloy. The (Co(0.90)Fe(0.08)N(0.02))(88)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(1) alloy annealed at 823 K has a low coercivity of 8 A/m and a relatively high saturation magnetization of 131.1 A m(2)/kg. The magnetic properties of these alloys are discussed in terms of their nanocrystalline microstructures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Heil, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6355, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heil@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09N107 DI 10.1063/1.2711163 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900434 ER PT J AU Simpkins, BS Pehrsson, PE Taheri, ML Stroud, RM AF Simpkins, B. S. Pehrsson, P. E. Taheri, M. L. Stroud, R. M. TI Diameter control of gallium nitride nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN NANOWIRES; GROWTH; SURFACE; MECHANISM; NI AB Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires are grown with controlled diameter and position by combining electron-beam lithography and naturally occurring surface tension forces. Lithographically defined particle diameters were held constant while only the film thickness was varied. Annealing drives as-deposited metal disks toward hemispheres according to conservation of volume constraints, resulting in well-controlled catalyst particles with radii smaller than those of the as-deposited particles. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction confirm that the nanowires are highly crystalline wurtzite GaN. The ability to structurally control the GaN nanowire size yields effective modulation of NW-FET conductivity. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Taheri, Mitra/F-1321-2011 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 094305 DI 10.1063/1.2728782 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900084 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Heil, TM AF Willard, M. A. Heil, T. M. TI Cryogenic hysteretic loss analysis for (Fe,Co,Ni)-Zr-B-Cu nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB The present study compares the hysteretic losses of a series of eight nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys with compositions (Fe,Co,Ni)-Zr-B-Cu. The alloys were produced by a single wheel melt spinning technique followed by isothermal annealing to promote primary crystallization. As determined by x-ray diffraction experiments, these samples consist of fcc and/or bcc crystallites with average grain diameters of less than 15 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometry was employed to measure hysteresis loops at 110 and 300 K. The integrated hysteresis loops were larger for the (Fe(0.22)Ni(0.78))(89-x)Zr(7)B(4)Cu(x) alloys and nearly unchanged for the other alloys with one exception [i.e., (Fe(0.75)Co(0.125)Ni(0.125))(85.5)Zr(8.5)B(5)Cu(1)]. Additional hysteresis measurements with varying degrees of maximum flux density (between 0.03 and 1.1 T) were performed at 110 and 300 K for the alloy with composition (Fe(0.75)Co(0.125)Ni(0.125))(85.5)Zr(8.5)B(5)Cu(1), annealed at 823 K for 1 h. A 50% reduction in hysteretic losses was observed for this sample when measured at 110 K (compared to room temperature). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6355, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 09N113 DI 10.1063/1.2714187 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900440 ER PT J AU Lin, S AF Lin, Shirley TI Aromatic bagels: An edible resonance analogy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lin, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lin@usna.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 84 IS 5 BP 779 EP 780 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 155RN UT WOS:000245595700006 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Chang, CP Wang, B AF Wang, Zhuo Chang, C.-P. Wang, Bin TI Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the U.S. climate during northern summer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 1988 DROUGHT; AMERICAN PRECIPITATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; JANUARY CLIMATE; EXTREME PHASES; TELECONNECTIONS AB The impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the U.S. climate during northern summer are analyzed separately. Composite analyses reveal that a continental-scale anomalous high dominates over most of North America during La Nina events and leads to hot and dry summers over the central United States. However, the impacts of El Nino over North America are weaker and more variable. A linear barotropic model is used to explore the maintenance of the anomalous patterns. Various forcing terms derived from observations via a single-level vorticity budget analysis are used to drive the model. When the barotropic model is driven by the total forcing ( Rossby wave source plus transient eddy forcing plus nonlinear interactions), the model simulations resemble the observed patterns, and a strong and extensive anticyclone is reproduced in the La Nina simulation. The model responses to the individual forcing terms suggested that the vorticity stretching term (fD) and the transient eddy forcing contribute most to the responses over North America. The stretching term (fD) excites a low in the El Nino simulation and a high in the La Nina simulation over North America. However, the transient eddy forcing favors an anomalous high over North America in both El Nino and La Nina simulations, such that it weakens the El Nino pattern and strengthens the La Nina pattern. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zwang@nps.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 20 IS 10 BP 2165 EP 2177 DI 10.1175/JCLI4118.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WF UT WOS:000246902500015 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Aarninkhof, SGJ Turner, IL Kingston, KS AF Plant, Nathaniel G. Aarninkhof, Stefan G. J. Turner, Ian L. Kingston, Kenneth S. TI The performance of shoreline detection models applied to video imagery SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE morphology; management ID NEARSHORE BAR BEHAVIOR; SWASH MOTIONS; FIELD; VARIABILITY; COAST AB Digital images of the intertidal region were used to map shorelines and the intertidal bathymetry along four geomorphically and hydrodynamically distinct coastlines in the United States, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Australia: Mapping methods, each of which was originally designed to perform well at only one of the four sites, were applied to all four sites, and the results were compared to direct topographic surveys. It was determined that the rms errors of image-derived versus directly surveyed elevations depended on the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions as well as differences in each of the four different mapping methods. Before these differences were accounted for, rms errors ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 m. An empirical correction model that computed local estimates of setup, swash, and surf beat amplitudes reduced errors by about 50%, with residual rms errors ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 m. The model required tuning only one parameter that determined how each method was affected by swash at infragravity and incident wave frequencies. In environments where all methods successfully identify shorelines, the methods can be used somewhat interchangeably. The diversity of methods is advantageous in situations where one or more methods are likely to fail (e.g., lack of color imagery, high degree of alongshore variability). This remote sensing methodology can be applied to the shoreline and inter-tidal mapping problem across diverse nearshore environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. WL Delft Hydraul, Delft, Netherlands. Univ New S Wales, Water Res Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. EM nplant@nrlssc.navy.mil; Stefan.Aarninkhof@wldelft.nl; ian.turner@unsw.edu.au; kkingston@plymouth.ac.uk RI Turner, Ian/H-7122-2014; OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Turner, Ian/0000-0001-9884-6917 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 658 EP 670 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2007)23[658:TPOSDM]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 172RF UT WOS:000246820900012 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Regnier, E Griffin, PM Huntley, V AF Griffin, S. O. Regnier, E. Griffin, P. M. Huntley, V. TI Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caries; fluoride; adults; meta-analysis ID DENTAL-CARIES; ROOT CARIES; CORONAL CARIES; OLDER-ADULTS; WATER; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; METAANALYSIS AB To date, no systematic reviews have found fluoride to be effective in preventing dental caries in adults. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of self- and professionally applied fluoride and water fluoridation among adults. We used a random-effects model to estimate the effect size of fluoride ( absolute difference in annual caries increment or relative risk ratio) for all adults aged 20+ years and for adults aged 40+ years. Twenty studies were included in the final body of evidence. Among studies published after/during 1980, any fluoride ( self- and professionally applied or water fluoridation) annually averted 0.29 ( 95% CI: 0.16-0.42) carious coronal and 0.22 ( 95% CI: 0.08-0.37) carious root surfaces. The prevented fraction for water fluoridation was 27% ( 95% CI: 19%-34%). These findings suggest that fluoride prevents caries among adults of all ages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM sig1@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 86 IS 5 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 160CF UT WOS:000245913700004 PM 17452559 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Stahlbush, RE Pirouz, P Sudarshan, TS AF Zhang, Z. Stahlbush, R. E. Pirouz, P. Sudarshan, T. S. TI Characteristics of dislocation half-loop arrays in 4H-SiC homo-epilayer SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dislocation; silicon carbide (SiC); half-loop; epitaxy; chemical vapor deposition; epitaxial growth ID SILICON-CARBIDE EPITAXY; SIC BULK GROWTH; NUCLEATION; DEFECTS AB Dislocation "half-loop arrays" (HLAs) in 4H-SiC homo-epilayers are studied by molten KOH etching and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that the dislocation half-loops in an array exist at different depths in the epilayer, and they are aligned roughly but not exactly perpendicular to the off-cut direction. These results indicate that the dislocation half-loops in an array are not formed simultaneously, but the array extends by generation of new half-loops during growth. It is also demonstrated that the HLAs can be artificially induced by creating strain in the material, followed by annealing. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM sudarsha@engr.sc.edu NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0129-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 175LX UT WOS:000247016200001 ER PT J AU Munley, PJ Goodell, GG AF Munley, Patrick J. Goodell, Gary G. TI Comparison of passive ultrasonic debridement between fluted and nonfluted instruments in root canals SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE acoustic streaming; debris removal; finger spreaders; ultrasonic irrigation; ultrasonics ID HAND INSTRUMENTATION; CLEANING EFFICACY; MANDIBULAR MOLARS; IRRIGATION; ANATOMY AB The purpose of this study was to determine if passive ultrasonic irrigation using finger spreaders was more effective than standard files in removing debris after root canal instrumentation. Eighty-five straight canals 14 were instrumented and then passively ultrasonically irrigated with either fluted files or nonfluted finger spreaders for 3 minutes or 1 minute. Images of split 99 canal lumens were imported into Adobe Photoshop CS2 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA), and percentage of debris remaining was calculated. Analysis of variance and Student Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (p < 0.05) showed that when comparing the entire canal, 3 minutes of activation with a file had significantly less debris remaining than 1 minute of activation with a spreader. There was a trend for 1 minute of activation with a file to have less debris than either 3 minutes or 1 minute of activation with a spreader. When comparing apical, middle, or coronal thirds between groups, no significant differences were found. The use of a nonfluted spreader did not improve debris removal. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.009 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 161TS UT WOS:000246039600014 PM 17437876 ER PT J AU Longo, J Shao, J Irvine, M Stern, F AF Longo, J. Shao, J. Irvine, M. Stern, F. TI Phase-averaged PIV for the nominal wake of a surface ship in regular head waves SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT; MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; COMBATANT; PROPELLER; PATTERN; FORCES; MOMENT; BIASES AB Phase-averaged organized oscillation velocities (U, V, W) and random fluctuation Reynolds stresses ((uu) over bar,(vv) over bar,(ww) over bar,(uv) over bar,(uw) over bar) are presented for the nominal wake of a surface ship advancing in regular head (incident) waves, but restrained from body, motions, i.e., the forward-speed diffraction problem. A 3.048 X 3.048 X 100 m towing tank, plunger wave maker, and towed, 2D particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and servo mechanism wave-probe measurement systems are used. The geometry is DTMB model 5415 (L=3.048 m, 1/46.6 scale), which is an international benchmark for ship hydrodynamics. The conditions are Froude number Fr=0.28, wave steepness Ak=0.025, wavelength lambda/L=1.5, wave frequency f=0.584 Hz, and encounter frequency,f(e)=0.922 Hz. Innovative data acquisition, reduction, and uncertainty analysis procedures are developed for the phase-averaged PIV The unsteady nominal wake is explained by interactions between the hull boundary layer and axial vortices and incident wave. There are three primary wave-induced effects: pressure gradients 4 % U-c, orbital velocity transport 15 % U-c, and unsteady sonar dome lifting wake. In the outer region, the uniform flow, incident wave velocities are recovered within the experimental uncertainties. In the inner, viscous flow region, the boundary layer undergoes significant time-varying upward contraction and downward expansion in phase with the incident wave crests and troughs, respectively. The zeroth harmonic exceeds the steady flow amplitudes by 5-20% and 70% for the velocities and Reynolds stresses, respectively. The first-harmonic amplitudes are large and in phase with the incident wave in the bulge region (axial velocity), damped by the hull and boundary layer and mostly in phase with the incident wave (vertical velocity), and small except near the free surface-hull shoulder (transverse velocity). Reynolds stress amplitudes are an order-of-magnitude smaller than for the velocity components showing large values in the thin boundary layer and bulge regions and mostly in phase with the incident wave. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, IIHR Hydrosci Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Italian Ship Model Basin, Rome, Italy. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Longo, J (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, IIHR Hydrosci Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 524 EP 540 DI 10.1115/1.2717618 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198HJ UT WOS:000248617300002 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ Nolan, KP McEligot, DM Volino, RJ Bejan, A AF Walsh, Edmond J. Nolan, Kevin P. McEligot, Donald M. Volino, Ralph J. Bejan, Adrian TI Conditionally-sampled turbulent and nonturbulent measurements of entropy generation rate in the transition region of boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boundary layer; transition; turbulence; entropy generation ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; LAMINAR; FLOW; INTERMITTENCY; EQUATION AB Conditionally-sampled boundary layer data for an accelerating transitional boundary layer have been analyzed to calculate the entropy generation rate in the transition region. By weighing the nondimensional dissipation coefficient for the laminar-conditioned-data and turbulent-conditioned-data with the intermittency factor gamma the average entropy generation rate in the transition region can be determined and hence be compared to the time averaged data and correlations for steady laminar and turbulent flows. It is demonstrated that this method provides, for the first time, an accurate and detailed picture of the entropy generation rate during transition. The data used in this paper have been taken from detailed boundary layer measurements available in the literature. This paper provides, using an intermittency weighted approach, a methodology for predicting entropy generation in a transitional boundary layer. C1 Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Stokes Res Inst, Limerick, Ireland. INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Stokes Res Inst, Limerick, Ireland. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011; Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012; Bejan, Adrian/D-3909-2012 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1115/1.2717622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198HJ UT WOS:000248617300016 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Hoffman, MM Bhattacharjee, AK Gerena, L AF Gutteridge, Clare E. Hoffman, Marshall M. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Gerena, Lucia TI Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 7-benzylamino-1-isoquinolinamines SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IN-VITRO; MALARIA; DERIVATIVES; CHALCONES; LICOCHALCONE; ANTAGONISTS; AGENT; VIVO AB Computer modelling suggests that 7-benzylamino-1-isoquinolinamines should mediate antimalarial effects by a mechanism distinct from that employed by existing antimalarial drugs. A series of these compounds was prepared in seven synthetic steps, via reductive amination of 1,7-isoquinolinediamine. In vitro efficacy testing of the novel compounds against Plasmodium falciparum revealed them to be potent antimalarial agents. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI PROVO PA PO BOX 170, PROVO, UT 84603-0170 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 170OU UT WOS:000246673900019 ER PT J AU Cheng, W McPhaden, MJ Zhang, DX Metzger, EJ AF Cheng, Wei McPhaden, Michael J. Zhang, Dongxiao Metzger, E. Joseph TI Recent changes in the Pacific subtropical cells inferred from an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION; NORTH PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DECADAL VARIATIONS; VARIABILITY; UNDERCURRENT; BOUNDARY AB In this study the subtropical cells (STC) in the Pacific Ocean are analyzed using an eddy- resolving ocean general circulation model driven by atmospheric forcing for the years 1992-2003. In particular, the authors seek to identify decadal changes in the STCs in the model and to compare them with observations in order to understand the consequences of such changes for the equatorial ocean heat and mass budgets. The simulation shows a trend toward increasing pycnocline volume transport at 9 degrees N and 9 degrees S across the basin from 1992 to 2003. This increase [4.9 +/- 1.0 Sv (Sv 106 m(3) s(-1))] is in qualitative agreement with observations and is attributed primarily to changes in the interior ocean transport, which are partially compensated by opposing western boundary transports. The subtropical meridional volume transport convergence anomalies in the model pycnocline are found to be consistent with anomalous volume transports in both the observed and modeled Equatorial Undercurrent, as well as with the magnitude of simulated anomalous upwelling transport at the base of the mixed layer in the eastern Pacific. As a result of the increased circulation intensity, heat transport divergence through the lateral boundaries of the tropical control volume (defined as the region between 9 degrees N and 9 degrees S, and from the surface to sigma(theta) = 25.3 isopycnal) increases, leading to a cooling of the tropical upper ocean despite the fact that net surface heat flux into the control volume has increased in the same time. As such, these results suggest that wind-driven changes in ocean transports associated with the subtropical cells play a central role in regulating tropical Pacific climate variability on decadal time scales. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Campus Box 357941, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wcheng@ocean.washington.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1340 EP 1356 DI 10.1175/JPO3051.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 172LD UT WOS:000246804900016 ER PT J AU Helber, RW Weisberg, RH Bonjean, F Johnson, ES Lagerloef, GSE AF Helber, Robert W. Weisberg, Robert H. Bonjean, Fabrice Johnson, Eric S. Lagerloef, Gary S. E. TI Satellite-derived surface current divergence in relation to tropical Atlantic SST and wind SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; DIAGNOSTIC MODEL; CENTRAL PACIFIC; WARM POOL; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; VELOCITY; LAYER AB The relationships between tropical Atlantic Ocean surface currents and horizontal (mass) divergence, sea surface temperature (SST), and winds on monthly-to-annual time scales are described for the time period from 1993 through 2003. Surface horizontal mass divergence (upwelling) is calculated using surface currents estimated from satellite sea surface height, surface vector wind, and SST data with a quasi-linear, steadystate model. Geostrophic and Ekman dynamical contributions are considered. The satellite-derived surface currents match climatological drifter and ship-drift currents well, and divergence patterns are consistent with the annual north-south movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and equatorial cold tongue evolution. While the zonal velocity component is strongest, the meridional velocity component controls divergence along the equator and to the north beneath the ITCZ. Zonal velocity divergence is weaker but nonnegligible. Along the equator, a strong divergence (upwelling) season in the central/eastern equatorial Atlantic peaks in May while equatorial SST is cooling within the cold tongue. In addition, a secondary weaker and shorter equatorial divergence occurs in November also coincident with a slight SST cooling. The vertical transport at 30-m depth, averaged across the equatorial Atlantic Ocean between 2 S and 2 degrees N for the record length, is 15( +/- 6) x 10(6) m(3) s(-1). Results are consistent with what is known about equatorial upwelling and cold tongue evolution and establish a new method for observing the tropical upper ocean relative to geostrophic and Ekman dynamics at spatial and temporal coverage characteristic of satellite-based observations. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM helber@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1375 DI 10.1175/JPO3052.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 172LD UT WOS:000246804900017 ER PT J AU Grogan, J Tekalur, SA Shukla, A Bogdanovich, A Coffelt, RA AF Grogan, Joseph Tekalur, Srinivasan A. Shukla, Arjun Bogdanovich, Alex Coffelt, Robert A. TI Ballistic resistance of 2D and 3D woven sandwich composites SO JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE sandwich composite structures; armor panels; 3D weave; ballistic resistance AB In the present study, the ballistic resistance of sandwich composite structures for vehicle armor panel applications is investigated. The core material of each sandwich structure is a layer of tiled alumina ceramic, combined with a layer of two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) S-2 glass-based woven composite laminate, sandwiched between 2D plain weave composite skins. The 2D composite backing consists of a plain woven fiberglass, with fiber orientation predominantly in the direction of plane of the weave. The 3D contains similar in-plane fiber preform structure, with the inclusion of an integral through thickness fiber, creating a 3D structure. The ballistic performance of sandwich composite with several types of 3D woven backings is compared to the baseline 2D plain weave backed sandwiched composites. An IMACON 200 high-speed camera is used to obtain high-speed photographs of the ballistic events of penetration and damage. These images are analyzed to study the real-time damage mechanism of the strike face surface of several targets and subsequently to obtain average resistive force of target points during impact. The velocities of the projectile (M2AP armor piercing bullets) are recorded in all the experiments, and they range from 915 to 975m/s. Postmortem analyses, which include through thickness sectioning, are performed oil each sandwich structure. The results show that armor panels with 3D woven backing have a higher ballistic efficiency than the 2D baseline panels, strike face damage mechanics are predominantly axisymmetric about the impact point and the panels with 3D backing had controlled delamination and fewer complete penetrations. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Univ Rhode Isl, MEAM, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. 3 Tex Corp, Cary, NC USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu NR 15 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1099-6362 J9 J SANDW STRUCT MATER JI J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 283 EP 302 DI 10.1177/1099636207067133 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 162RQ UT WOS:000246107600004 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Gaines, RJ White, SM Kurtz, CA AF Enad, Jerome G. Gaines, Robert J. White, Sharese M. Kurtz, Christopher A. TI Arthroscopic superior labrum anterior-posterior repair in military patients SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GLENOID LABRUM; SLAP LESIONS; IISLAP LESIONS; ROTATOR CUFF; LONG HEAD; FOLLOW-UP; TEARS; BICEPS; DEBRIDEMENT; FIXATION AB The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of arthroscopic superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) repair in a military population. In this study, 27 patients (of 30 consecutive patients) who had suture anchor repair of a type II SLAP lesion were evaluated at a mean of 30.5 months post-operatively. Fifteen patients had isolated tears, whereas twelve also had a concomitant diagnosis. At follow-up, the overall mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 86.9 points and the mean University of California, Los Angeles score was 30.4 points. The results were excellent in 4 patients, good in 20, and fair in 3. Of the patients, 96% returned to full duty (mean, 4.4 months). Patients treated for concomitant diagnoses and a SLAP fear had significantly higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and tended to have higher University of California, Los Angeles scores than those treated for an isolated SLAP tear. The findings indicate that orthroscopic SLAP repair in military patients results in a high rate of return to duty. The results suggest that concomitant shoulder pathology should be treated at the time of SLAP repair. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bones & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bones & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jerome.enod@med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 300 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2006.05.015 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 172AT UT WOS:000246777200009 PM 17363292 ER PT J AU Verrill, H Joyner, D AF Verrill, Helena Joyner, David TI Computing with toric varieties SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID CODES AB A computer algebra package (written by the second author) is described which deals with both affine and projective toric varieties in any number of dimensions (written in both MAGMA and GAP). Among other things, the package implements the desingularization procedure, constructs some error-correcting codes associated with toric varieties, and computes the Riemann-Roch space of a divisor on a toric variety. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM verrill@math.lsu.edu; wdj@usna.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 511 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.jsc.2006.08.005 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 174NR UT WOS:000246949500003 ER PT J AU Turgut, A Orr, M Pasewark, B AF Turgut, Altan Orr, Marshall Pasewark, Bruce TI Acoustic monitoring of the tide height and slope-water intrusion at the New Jersey Shelf in winter conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; PROPAGATION; ENVIRONMENTS; INVARIANTS; FRONT; RANGE; SEA AB Waveguide invariant theory is used to describe the frequency shifts of constant acoustic intensity level curves in broadband signal spectrograms measured at the New Jersey Shelf during the winter of 2003. The broadband signals (270-330 Hz) were transmitted from a fixed source and received at three fixed receivers, located at 10, 20, and 30 km range along a cross-shelf propagation track. The constant acoustic intensity level curves of the received signals indicate regular frequency shifts that can be well predicted by the change in water depth observed through tens of tidal cycles. A second pattern of frequency shifts is observed at only 30 kin range where significant variability of slope-water intrusion was measured. An excellent agreement between observed frequency shifts of the constant acoustic intensity levels and those predicted by the change in tide height and slope water elevations suggests the capability of long-term acoustic monitoring of tide and slope water intrusions in winter conditions. (C) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM turgut@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2534 EP 2541 DI 10.1121/1.2713705 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 166KS UT WOS:000246378200006 PM 17550152 ER PT J AU Finette, S Oba, R Shen, C Evans, T AF Finette, Steven Oba, Roger Shen, Colin Evans, Thomas TI Acoustic propagation under tidally driven, stratified flow SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVE-FIELDS; SHALLOW-WATER; SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; EQUATION; SEA; UNCERTAINTY; COHERENCE; SURFACE; TIME AB Amplitude and phase variability in acoustic fields are simulated within a canonical shelf-break ocean environment using sound speed distributions computed from hydrodynamics. The submesoscale description of the space and time varying environment is physically consistent with tidal forcing of stratified flows over variable bathymetry and includes the generation, evolution and propagation of internal tides and solibores. For selected time periods, two-dimensional acoustic transmission examples are presented for which signal gain degradation is computed between 200 and 500 Hz on vertical arrays positioned both on the shelf and beyond the shelf break. Decorrelation of the field is dominated by the phase contribution and occurs over 2-3 min, with significant recorrelation often noted for selected frequency subbands. Detection range is also determined in this frequency band. Azimuth-time variations in the acoustic field are illustrated for 100 Hz sources by extending the acoustic simulations to three spatial dimensions. The azimuthal and temporal structure of both the depth-averaged transmission loss and temporal correlation of the acoustic fields under different environmental conditions are considered. Depth-averaged transmission loss varies up to 4 dB, depending on a combination of source depth, location relative to the slope and tidally induced volumetric changes in the sound speed distribution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steven.finette@nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2575 EP 2590 DI 10.1121/1.2713724 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 166KS UT WOS:000246378200011 PM 17550157 ER PT J AU Moffett, MB Robinson, HC Powers, JM Baird, PD AF Moffett, Mark B. Robinson, Harold C. Powers, James M. Baird, P. David TI Single-crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN/PT) as a broadband high power transduction material SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Two experimental underwater acoustic projectors, a tonpilz array, and a cylindrical line array, were built with single crystal, lead magnesium niobate/lead titanate, a piezoelectric transduction material possessing a large electromechanical coupling factor (k(33)=0.9). The mechanical quality factor, Q(m), and the effective coupling factor, k(eff), determine the frequency band over which high power can be transmitted; k(eff) cannot be greater than the piezoelectric material value, and so a high material coupling factor is a requisite for broadband operation. Stansfield's bandwidth criteria are used to calculate the optimum Q(m) value, Q(opt)similar to 1.2 (1-k(eff)(2))(1/2)/k(eff). The results for the tonpilz projector exhibited k(eff)=0.730, Q(m)=1.17 (very near optimal), and a fractional bandwidth of 0.93. For the cylindrical transducer array, k(eff)=0.867, Q(m)=0.91 (larger than the optimum value, 0.7), and the bandwidth was 1.16. Although the measured bandwidths were less than optimal, they were accurately predicted by the theory, despite the highly simplified nature of the Van Dyke equivalent circuit, on which the theory is based. C1 Anteon Corp, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EDO Corp, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. RP Moffett, MB (reprint author), Anteon Corp, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. EM marilyn.moffett@verizon.net NR 10 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2591 EP 2599 DI 10.1121/1.2717496 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 166KS UT WOS:000246378200012 PM 17550158 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Vignola, JF Abraham, PB AF Romano, Anthony J. Bucaro, Joseph A. Vignola, Joseph F. Abraham, Phillip B. TI Detection and localization of rib detachment in thin metal and composite plates by inversion of laser Doppler vibrometry scans SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DISPLACEMENTS AB The laboratory implementation of a fault detection and localization method based on inversion of dynamic surface displacements measured by a scanned laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) was investigated. The technique uses flexural wave and generalized force inversion algorithms which have previously been demonstrated using simulated noise-free vibration data generated for thick plates with a finite element model. Here these inversion algorithms to SLDV measurements made. in the laboratory on a thin nickel plate and a thin carbon fiber composite plate, both having attached reinforcing ribs with intentional de-bonding of the rib/plate interface at a specific location on each structure are applied. The inverted displacement maps clearly detect and locate the detachment, whereas direct observation of the surface displacements does not. It is shown that the technique is relatively robust to the choice of frequency and to the presence of noise. (C) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.romano@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2667 EP 2672 DI 10.1121/1.27154591 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 166KS UT WOS:000246378200020 PM 17550166 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Andreas, EL Weatherly, JW Pettit, CL Patton, EG Sullivan, PP AF Wilson, D. Keith Andreas, Edgar L. Weatherly, John W. Pettit, Chris L. Patton, Edward G. Sullivan, Peter P. TI Characterization of uncertainty in outdoor sound propagation predictions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT InterNoise 2006 Conference CY 2006 CL Honolulu, HI ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB Predictive skill for outdoor sound propagation is assessed using high-resolution atmospheric fields from large-eddy simulations (LES). Propagation calculations through the full LES fields are compared to calculations through subsets of the LES fields that have been processed in typical ways, such as mean vertical profiles and instantaneous vertical profiles synchronized to the sound propagation. It is found that. mean sound pressure levels can be predicted with low errors from the mean profiles, except in refradtive shadow regions. Prediction of sound pressure levels for short-duration events is much less accurate, with errors of 8-10 dB for near-ground propagation being typical. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM d.keith.wilson@erdc.usace.army.mil; edgar.l.andreas@erdc.usace.army.mil; john.w.weatherly@erdc.usace.army.mil; petitcl@usna.edu; patton@ucar.edu; pps@ucar.edu RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Patton, Edward/K-3607-2012; Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012; OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871; Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 121 IS 5 BP EL177 EP EL183 DI 10.1121/1.2716159 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 166KS UT WOS:000246378200054 PM 17550200 ER PT J AU Fahrenholtz, WG Hilmas, GE Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA AF Fahrenholtz, William G. Hilmas, Gregory E. Talmy, Inna G. Zaykoski, James A. TI Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; THERMAL STRESS RESISTANCE; FIBROUS MONOLITHIC CERAMICS; CRACK DEFLECTION PROCESSES; SILICON-CARBIDE CERAMICS; IN-SITU SYNTHESIS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM DIBORIDE; BORON-CARBIDE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS AB This paper reviews the crystal chemistry, synthesis, densification, microstructure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behavior of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) and hafnium diboride (HfB2) ceramics. The refractory diborides exhibit partial or complete solid solution with other transition metal diborides, which allows compositional tailoring of properties such as thermal expansion coefficient and hardness. Carbothermal reduction is the typical synthesis route, but reactive processes, solution methods, and pre-ceramic polymers can also be used. Typically, diborides are densified by hot pressing, but recently solid state and liquid phase sintering routes have been developed. Fine-grained ZrB2 and HfB2 have strengths of a few hundred MPa, which can increase to over 1 GPa with the addition of SiC. Pure diborides exhibit parabolic oxidation kinetics at temperatures below 1100 degrees C, but B2O3 volatility leads to rapid, linear oxidation kinetics above that temperature. The addition of silica scale formers such as SiC or MoSi2 improves the oxidation behavior above 1100 degrees C. Based on their unique combination of properties, ZrB2 and HfB2 ceramics are candidates for use in the extreme environments associated with hypersonic flight, atmospheric re-entry, and rocket propulsion. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Fahrenholtz, WG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM billf@umr.edu OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 196 TC 738 Z9 776 U1 34 U2 239 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1364 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01583.x PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 167DQ UT WOS:000246431600001 ER PT J AU Conzemius, RJ Moore, RW Montgomery, MT Davis, CA AF Conzemius, Robert J. Moore, Richard W. Montgomery, Michael T. Davis, Christopher A. TI Mesoscale convective vortex formation in a weakly sheared moist neutral environment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES; PRIMITIVE EQUATION SIMULATION; LIVED MESOCONVECTIVE VORTICES; WARM-CORE VORTEX; BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERE; UNBALANCED CIRCULATIONS; MIDLATITUDE MCC; ROSSBY-WAVES; LIFE-CYCLE; MODEL AB Idealized simulations of a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV) in an initially moist neutral baroclinic environment are performed using the fifth-generation National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University (NCAR-PSU) Mesoscale Model (MM5). The primary objective is to test the hypothesis that the formation and maintenance of midlatitude warm-season rnesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) are largely influenced by balanced flow dynamics associated with a vortex that interacts with weak vertical shear. As a part of this objective, the simulated DRV is placed within the context of the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) field campaign by comparing its tangential velocity, radius of maximum winds, CAPE, and shear with the MCVs observed in BAMEX. The simulations reveal two distinct scales of development. At the larger scale, the most rapidly growing moist baroclinic mode is excited, and exponential growth of this mode occurs during the simulation. Embedded within the large-scale baroclinic wave is a convective system exhibiting the characteristic DRV development, with a positive potential vorticity (PV) anomaly in the lower troposphere and a negative PV anomaly in the upper troposphere, and the positive/negative PV doublet tilted downshear with height. The DRV warm-air advection mechanism is active, and the resulting deep convection helps to reinforce the DRV against the deleterious effects of environmental shear, causing an eastward motion of the convective system as a whole. The initial comparisons between the simulated DRVs and the BAMEX MCVs show that the simulated DRVs grew within background conditions of CAPE and shear similar to those observed for BAMEX MCVs and suggest that the same dynamical mechanisms are active. Because the BAMEX field campaign sampled MCVs in different backgrounds of CAPE and shear, the comparison also demonstrates the need to perform additional simulations to explore these different CAPE and shear regimes and to understand their impacts on the intensity and longevity of MCVs. Such a Study has the additional benefit of placing MCV dynamics in an appropriate context for exploring their relevance to tropical cyclone formation. C1 Windlog Inc, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Conzemius, RJ (reprint author), Windlog Inc, 201 NW 4th St, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM Robert.conzemius@att.net NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1466 DI 10.1175/JAS3898.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 169VS UT WOS:000246620800003 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, A Bussmann, K Kim, M Carter, MW Mastro, MA Holm, RT Henry, RL Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR AF Rosenberg, A. Bussmann, K. Kim, Mijin Carter, Michael W. Mastro, M. A. Holm, Ronald T. Henry, Richard L. Caldwell, Joshua D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Fabrication of GaN suspended photonic crystal membranes and resonant nanocavities on Si(111) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SI AB The authors demonstrate the fabrication of suspended photonic crystal membranes in GaN films deposited on Si(111). The photonic crystal patterns fabricated in these membranes consisted of triangular arrays of holes having diameters in the range of 70-175 nm, with a lattice spacing of 200-500 nm. The patterns included optical cavity structures (groups of missing holes), which are predicted to exhibit resonances in the visible to near-IR spectral region. Such suspended photonic crystal membranes may serve as the basis for efficient wavelength-scale GaN-based light emitters monolithically integrated with Si. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armand.rosenberg@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1116/1.2723750 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300009 ER PT J AU Wang, CF Hu, EL Yang, J Butler, JE AF Wang, C. F. Hu, E. L. Yang, J. Butler, J. E. TI Fabrication of suspended single crystal diamond devices by electrochemical etch SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCAVITY AB Suspended single crystal diamond devices, microdisks and beam structures, have been fabricated. Low energy boron ions (180 keV) were implanted to create subsurface damage while maintaining an undamaged top surface; homoepitaxial growth was subsequently carried out on the material. The damaged layer was selectively removed by electrochemical etching. Electrodes were deposited adjacent to the devices to reduce the voltage required for etching and to help control the etch profile. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Naval Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Wang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chioufu@physics.ucsb.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 730 EP 733 DI 10.1116/1.2731327 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300011 ER PT J AU Orf, BJ Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Oehrlein, GS AF Orf, Bryan J. Walton, Scott G. Leonhardt, Darrin Oehrlein, Gottlieb S. TI Study of photoresist etching and roughness formation in electron-beam generated plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FLUOROCARBON PLASMAS; PROCESSING SYSTEM; POLYMER SURFACES; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISCHARGES; ARGON; SIO2 AB modulated, electron-beam generated plasma processing system was used to s'tudy plasma-po ' I ymer interactions for 193 and 248 nm photoresists (PRs) that differed significantly in polymer structure. Because of the low plasma potential of the electron-beam generated plasma, the authors were able to study plasma etching and surface roughening of the photoresists at very low ion energies (<5 eV) without sacrificing high ion flux (> 10(14) cm(-2)). Typical conditions in the experiments were 2 kV/4 ms electron-beam pulses with a 20 ms period. The effects of ion bombardment energy, chemically assisted etching using fluorine, and the presence of a thin fluorocarbon overlayer on surface roughness formation during PR etching were examined. Gas mixtures containing SF6 resulted in much higher etch rates and an increased surface roughness relative to values measured in pure Ar plasmas. However, the rms roughness per nanometer of photoresist removed was greater for pure Ar plasmas. Overall the 248 nm PR showed less surface roughness than 193 nm, PR after identical treatments, which was explained by a higher etching rate of the 193 nm photoresist material. Finally, it was found in a pure argon plasma that the thickness of a fluorocarbon ov erlayer determined the roughness of the underlying photoresist; specifically, thicker layers resulted in smoother PR surfaces after plasma exposure. (c) 2007American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orf, BJ (reprint author), Fus UV Syst Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM dleonhardt@fusionuv.com NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 779 EP 784 DI 10.1116/1.2732741 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300018 ER PT J AU He, MQ Mohammad, SN AF He, Maoqi Mohammad, S. Noor TI Novelty and versatility of self-catalytic nanowire growth: A case study with InN nanowires SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INDIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; GAN NANOWIRES; WHISKERS; GALLIUM; GAAS; MECHANISMS; NH3 AB Various novel features have been discussed of the self-catalytic nanowire growth technique with application to InN nanowire growths. It is hard to grow InN nanowires due to the very low dissociation temperature (500-600 degrees C) of InN and the very low dissociation rate of NH3 at this low temperature. However, scanning electron microscopy images show that the self-catalytic technique very efficiently produced long, uniform, single-crystal InN nanowires. Unlike most other methods, the technique is also versatile enough to produce a wide variety of nanowires standing and lying on the substrates. It is also useful to grow nanowires by the conventional vapor-liquid-solid formalism. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy showed that the composition of the nanowires is that of InN. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that these nanowires had a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 940 EP 944 DI 10.1116/1.2740275 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300049 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Canedy, CL Aifer, EH Kim, M Bewley, WW Tischler, JG Larrabee, DC Nolde, JA Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Jackson, EM Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Canedy, C. L. Aifer, E. H. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Tischler, J. G. Larrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Warner, J. H. Vurgaftman, I. Jackson, E. M. Meyer, J. R. TI Molecular beam epitaxy growth of antimonide type-II "W" high-power interband cascade lasers and long-wavelength infrared photodiodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC HO Duke Univ ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; EFFICIENCY AB Interband cascade lasers with ten active stages were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Devices emitting near 3.6 mu m at room temperature operated in pulsed mode to a temperature of 330 K. The threshold cur-rent densities were the lowest to date for NRL growths, ranging from 9 A/cm(2) at 78 K to 1.7 kA/cm(2) at 300 K. The voltage efficiency was approximate to 94% at 140 K, and the pulsed slope efficiency was 121 mW/A at 300 K. Antimonide photodetectors with a cutoff wavelength of 12 Am were also grown in the same machine by MBE. The absorbing layer consisted of an InAs/GaInSb type-II superlattice, and the depletion region comprised a four-layer "W" structure with a graded energy gap in order to minimize the tunneling and generation currents. Quantum efficiencies of 30%-40% were achieved in the 8 - 10 mu m band. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 991 EP 994 DI 10.1116/1.2484728 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300060 ER PT J AU Stevens, CL Plew, DR Smith, MJ Fredriksson, DW AF Stevens, C. L. Plew, D. R. Smith, M. J. Fredriksson, D. W. TI Hydrodynamic forcing of long-line mussel farms: Observations SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA KELP BEDS; DYNAMICS; WAVES; CURRENTS; FRONDS; MOTION; MODELS; SYSTEM; CAGE; BAY AB The first detailed observations of the motion and loading of a mussel (shellfish) aquaculture long-line are described in order to identify the dominant modes of flow-structure interaction and provide a baseline for prediction of future structures. A long-line is typically a 120 m long sequence of surface floats beneath which is looped rope bearing the mussel crop. Accelerometer and load cell data from sensors mounted on the structure along with remote radar data are examined in the context of wave and current measurements. The mussels comprise the largest mass and drag element of the structure, and the tidally affected pretensioning of the mooring lines dominates the background load. However, waves and currents increase the maximum load by potentially 100% over this value. The floats at each end of the long-line follow the wave orbital motion reasonably well, more so than the floats in the middle of the backbone. The mussel-laden loops of rope (droppers) clearly respond differently to the floats, implying flexibility in the vertical dimension. This suggests that flow around the droppers, which influences mussel feeding ability and hence production, is complex and highly three-dimensional. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stevens, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand. EM c.stevens@niwa.cri.nz OI Stevens, Craig/0000-0002-4730-6985 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:3(192) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 163MU UT WOS:000246164800003 ER PT J AU Lindner, I Owen, G AF Lindner, Ines Owen, Guillermo TI Cases where the Penrose limit theorem does not hold SO MATHEMATICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE game theory; voting games; limit theorems; power indices AB Penrose's limit theorem (PLT, really a conjecture) states that the relative power measure of two voters tends asymptotically to their relative voting weight (number of votes). This property approximately holds in most of real life and in randomly generated WVGs for various measures of voting power. Lindner and Machover prove it for some special cases", amongst others they give a condition for this theorem to hold for the Banzhaf-Coleman index for a quota of 50%. We show here, by counterexamples, that the conclusion need not hold for other values of the quota. In doing this, we present an analytic proof of a counterexample recently given by Chang et al. using simulation techniques. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Econ, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Owen, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Lindner@econ.uu.nl; gowen@nps.edu RI Lindner, Ines/C-8728-2014 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-4896 J9 MATH SOC SCI JI Math. Soc. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2007.01.005 PG 7 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 175VU UT WOS:000247042900002 ER PT J AU Holt, T Pullen, J AF Holt, Teddy Pullen, Julie TI Urban canopy modeling of the New York City metropolitan area: A comparison and validation of single- and multilayer parameterizations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; HEAT-ISLAND; SEA-BREEZE; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; MESOSCALE MODELS; SOIL HYDROLOGY; ETA-MODEL; PART I; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB High-resolution numerical simulations are conducted using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)(1) with two different urban canopy parameterizations for a 23-day period in August 2005 for the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. The control COAMPS simulations use the single-layer Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Urban Canopy Model (W-UCM) and sensitivity simulations use a multilayer urban parameterization based on Brown and Williams (BW-UCM). Both simulations use surface forcing from the WRF land surface model, Noah, and hourly sea surface temperature fields from the New York Harbor and Ocean Prediction System model hindcast. Mean statistics are computed for the 23-day period from 5 to 27 August (540-hourly observations) at five Meteorological Aviation Report stations for a nested 0.444-km horizontal resolution grid centered over the NYC metropolitan area. Both simulations show a cold mean urban canopy air temperature bias primarily due to an underestimation of nighttime temperatures. The mean bias is significantly reduced using the W-UCM (-0.10 degrees C for W-UCM versus -0.82 degrees C for BW-UCM) due to the development of a stronger nocturnal urban heat island (UHI; mean value of 2.2 degrees C for the W-UCM versus 1.9 degrees C for the BW-UCM). Results from a 24-h case study (12 August 2005) indicate that the W-UCM parameterization better maintains the UHI through increased nocturnal warming due to wall and road effects. The ground heat flux for the W-UCM is much larger during the daytime than for the BW-UCM (peak similar to 300 versus 100 W m(-2)), effectively shifting the period of positive sensible flux later into the early evening. This helps to maintain the near-surface mixed layer at night in the W-UCM simulation and sustains the nocturnal UHI. In contrast, the BW-UCM simulation develops a strong nocturnal stable surface layer extending to approximately 50-75-m depth. Subsequently, the nocturnal BW-UCM wind speeds are a factor of 3-4 less than W-UCM with reduced nighttime turbulent kinetic energy (average < 0.1 m(2) s(-2)). For the densely urbanized area of Manhattan, BW-UCM winds show more dependence on urbanization than W-UCM. The decrease in urban wind speed is most prominent for BW-UCM both in the day- and nighttime over lower Manhattan, with the daytime decrease generally over the region of tallest building heights while the nighttime decrease is influenced by both building height as well as urban fraction. In contrast, the W-UCM winds show less horizontal variation over Manhattan, particularly during the daytime. These results stress the importance of properly characterizing the urban morphology in urban parameterizations at high resolutions to improve the model's predictive capability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Holt, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM holt@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 51 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1906 EP 1930 DI 10.1175/MWR3372.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166GP UT WOS:000246366700016 ER PT J AU Hsu, HM Oey, LY Johnson, W Dorman, C Hodur, R AF Hsu, Hsiao-ming Oey, Lie-Yauw Johnson, Walter Dorman, Clive Hodur, Richard TI Model wind over the central and southern California coastal ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; NEAR-SURFACE CIRCULATION; CATALINA EDDY EVENT; POINT CONCEPTION; MARINE-LAYER; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; KELVIN WAVES; MESOSCALE; FLOW; STRESS AB Recent studies have shown the importance of high-resolution wind in coastal ocean modeling. This paper tests the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) at the 9-, 27-, and 81-km grid resolutions in simulating wind off the central and southern California coasts, including the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). The test period is March-May (1999) when the wind changes from its characteristics more typical of winter, to spring when strong gradients exist in the SBC. The model results were checked against wind station time series, Special Sensor Microwave Imager wind speeds, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis. The high-resolution (9-km grid) COAMPS wind shows expansion fans downwind of major capes where speed increases. The large-scale [O(100 km)] wind turns onshore in the Southern California Bight where both wind and wind stress curl weaken southward along the coast. The formation and evolution of the Catalina eddies are also simulated. These general features agree with observations. The turning appears to be the cumulative effect of synoptic cyclones shed downwind of Point Conception during periods of intense northerly wind. The turning and eddies are much weaker in the ECMWF reanalysis or the COAMPS field at the 81-km grid. Near the coast, observed small-scale (tens of kilometers) structures are reasonably reproduced by COAMPS at the 9-km grid. Results from the 9-km grid generally compare better with observations than the 27-km grid, suggesting that a more accurate model wind may be obtained at even higher resolution. However, in the SBC, simulated winds at both the 9- and 27-km grids show along-channel coherency during May, contrary to observations. The observed winds in the channel appear to be of small localized scales (approximate to <10 km) and would require an improved model grid and perhaps also boundary layer physics to simulate. C1 Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Minerals Management Serv, Herndon, VA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1944 DI 10.1175/MWR3389.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166GP UT WOS:000246366700017 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS AF Goerss, James S. TI Prediction of consensus tropical cyclone track forecast error SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; MODEL; PERFORMANCE AB The extent to which the tropical cyclone (TC) track forecast error of a consensus model (CONU) routinely used by the forecasters at the National Hurricane Center can be predicted is determined. A number of predictors of consensus forecast error, which must be quantities that are available prior to the official forecast deadline, were examined for the Atlantic basin in 2001-03. Leading predictors were found to be consensus model spread, defined to be the average distance of the member forecasts from the consensus forecast, and initial and forecast TC intensity. Using stepwise linear regression and the full pool of predictors, regression models were found for each forecast length to predict the CONU TC track forecast error. The percent variance of CONU TC track forecast error that could be explained by these regression models ranged from just over 15% at 48 h to nearly 50% at 120 h. Using the regression models, predicted radii were determined and were used to draw circular areas around the CONU forecasts that contained the verifying TC position 73%-76% of the time. Based on the size of these circular areas, a forecaster can determine the confidence that can be placed upon the CONU forecasts. Independent data testing yielded results only slightly degraded from those of dependent data testing, highlighting the capability of these methods in practical forecasting applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM goerss@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1985 EP 1993 DI 10.1175/MWR3390.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166GP UT WOS:000246366700021 ER PT J AU Stagliano, D Epstein, J Hickey, P AF Stagliano, David Epstein, Judith Hickey, Patrick TI Fomite-transmitted coccidioidomycosis in an immunocompromised child SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neutropenia; fever; coccidioidomycosis ID TRANSMISSION; MENINGITIS AB An unusual, nonendernic case of fomite-transmitted, disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a neutropenic 3-year-old boy is presented. Accurate diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis hinges on recognition of host risk factors, clinical signs and symptoms, and effective implementation of diagnostic studies. Timely diagnosis and treatment is critical for improved morbidity and mortality in the pediatric oncology population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, MCHL K, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hickey, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Dept Pediat, MCHL K, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Patrick.w.hickey@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000259231.95285.bc PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 163WH UT WOS:000246193400020 PM 17468663 ER PT J AU Kelly, WN Arellano, FM Barnes, J Bergman, U Edwards, IR Fernandez, AM Freedman, SB Goldsmith, DI Huang, K Jones, JK McLeay, R Moore, N Stather, RH Trenque, T Troutman, WG van Puijenbroek, E Williams, F Wise, RP AF Kelly, William N. Arellano, Felix M. Barnes, Joanne Bergman, Ulf Edwards, I. Ralph Fernandez, Alina M. Freedman, Stephen B. Goldsmith, David I. Huang, Kui Jones, Judith K. McLeay, Rachel Moore, Nicholas Stather, Rosie H. Trenque, Thierry Troutman, William G. van Puijenbroek, Eugene Williams, Frank Wise, Robert P. TI Guidelines for submitting adverse event reports for publication SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRUG-REACTIONS; PHARMACOVIGILANCE; ANECDOTES; STANDARDS; CRITERIA; QUALITY AB Publication of case reports describing suspected adverse effects of drugs and medical products that include herbal and complementary medicines, vaccines, and other biologicals and devices is important for postmarketing surveillance. Publication lends credence to important signals raised in these adverse event reports. Unfortunately, deficiencies in vital information in published cases can often limit the value of such reports by failing to provide sufficient details for either (i) a differential diagnosis or provisional assessment of cause-effect association, or (ii) a reasonable pharmacological or biological explanation. Properly described, a published report of one or more adverse events can provide a useful signal of possible risks associated with the use of a drug or medical product which might warrant further exploration. A review conducted by the Task Force authors found that many major journals have minimal requirements for publishing adverse event reports, and some have none at all. Based on a literature review and our collective experience in reviewing adverse event case reports in regulatory, academic, and industry settings, we have identified information that we propose should always be considered for inclusion in a report submitted for publication. These guidelines have been endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) and the International Society of Pharmacovigilance (ISoP) and are freely available on the societies' web sites. Their widespread distribution is encouraged. ISPE and ISoP urge biomedical journals to adopt these guidelines and apply them to case reports submitted for publication. They also encourage schools of medicine, pharmacy, and nursing to incorporate them into the relevant curricula that address the detection, evaluation, and reporting of suspected drug or other medical product adverse events. Copyright (c) 2007 Kelly et al. Reproduced with permission by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 William N Kelly Consulting Inc, Oldsmar, FL 34677 USA. Risk Management Resources, Bridgewater, NY USA. Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Monitoring Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. TAP Pharmaceut Prod Inc, Lake Forest, IL USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Goldsmith Pharmacovigilance & Syst, New York, NY USA. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, New York, NY USA. Degge Grp Ltd, Arlington, VA USA. Wolters Kluwer Hlth, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France. Univ Reims, Ctr Hosp, F-51100 Reims, France. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Ctr, sHertogenbosch, Netherlands. USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Kelly, WN (reprint author), William N Kelly Consulting Inc, 2147 Warwick Dr, Oldsmar, FL 34677 USA. EM wnkelly@earthlink.net RI Moore, nicholas/B-2368-2013; Freedman, Saul/C-1625-2013; OI Bergman, Ulf/0000-0003-4654-2211 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1002/pds.1399 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 168YP UT WOS:000246560200014 PM 17471601 ER PT J AU Lorincz, A Gilbert, N Goolsby, R AF Lorincz, Andrds Gilbert, Nigel Goolsby, Rebecca TI Social network analysis: Measuring tools, structures and dynamics SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Informat Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Surrey, Ctr Res Social Simulat, Sch Human Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lorincz, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Informat Syst, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RI Gilbert, Nigel/B-9761-2009; Lorincz, Andras/H-4125-2012; OI Lorincz, Andras/0000-0002-1280-3447; Gilbert, Nigel/0000-0002-5937-2410 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 1 BP XI EP XIII DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.11.042 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 147EO UT WOS:000244986400001 ER PT J AU Colton, JS Heeb, ME Schroeder, P Stokes, A Wienkes, LR Bracker, AS AF Colton, J. S. Heeb, M. E. Schroeder, P. Stokes, A. Wienkes, L. R. Bracker, A. S. TI Anomalous magnetic field dependence of the T-1 spin lifetime in a lightly doped GaAs sample SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; QUANTUM DOTS; SPINTRONICS AB The T-1 spin lifetime of a lightly doped n-type GaAs sample has been measured via time-resolved polarization spectroscopy under a number of temperature and magnetic field conditions. Lifetimes up to 19 mu s have been measured. The magnetic field dependence of T-1 shows a nonmonotonic behavior, where the spin lifetime first increases, then decreases, then increases again with field. The initial increase in T-1 is understood to be due to correlation between electrons localized on donors. The decrease in T-1 is likely due to phonon-related spin-orbit relaxation. The final increase in T-1 with B indicates a suppression of the spin-orbit relaxation that may involve a level-crossing related cusp in the Rashba or Dresselhaus contributions to relaxation, or may arise from an unknown source. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colton, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1836 South Ave, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 20 AR 205201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.205201 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 173RT UT WOS:000246890900049 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Streltsov, S Mazin, II Khomskii, DI AF Johannes, M. D. Streltsov, S. Mazin, I. I. Khomskii, D. I. TI Formation of an unconventional Ag valence state in Ag2NiO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILVER AB The Ag ion in the recently synthesized novel material Ag2NiO2 adopts an extremely unusual valency of 1/2, leaving the Ni ion as 3+, rather than the expected 2+. Using first-principles calculations, we show that this mysterious subvalent state emerges due to a strong bonding-antibonding interaction between the two Ag layers that drives the lower band beneath the O p complex, eliminating the possibility of a conventional Ag 1+ valence state. The strong renormalization of the specific heat coefficient gamma is likely due to strong spin fluctuations that stem from nearly complete compensation of the ferromagnetic (metallic double exchange and 90 degrees superexchange) and antiferromagnetic (conventional superexchange via Ni-O-Ag-O-Ni path) interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Streltsov, Sergey/A-6674-2012; Streltsov, Sergey/A-8293-2016 OI Streltsov, Sergey/0000-0002-2823-1754; NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 18 AR 180404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.180404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 173RQ UT WOS:000246890600006 ER PT J AU Ponomarev, IV Schwab, M Dasbach, G Bayer, M Reinecke, TL Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A AF Ponomarev, I. V. Schwab, M. Dasbach, G. Bayer, M. Reinecke, T. L. Reithmaier, J. P. Forchel, A. TI Influence of geometric disorder on the band structure of a photonic crystal: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONFINED OPTICAL MODES; CORRELATED DISORDER; LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; FILMS; LIGHT; DOTS; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB The influence of disorder on the optical-mode spectrum of chains of coupled micron-sized microcavities has been studied. The disorder is introduced by systematic variation of cavity sizes. The resulting spectra are interpreted in terms of modified dispersion for propagation along the chains accompanied by the appearance of bands of localized-impurity-like photonic states. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Ponomarev, IV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; Ponomarev, Ilya/F-5183-2010; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Ponomarev, Ilya/0000-0002-8584-6034; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 20 AR 205434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.205434 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 173RT UT WOS:000246890900135 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Bogoslovov, R Roland, CM AF Robertson, C. G. Bogoslovov, R. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of structural arrest on Poisson's ratio in nanoreinforced elastomers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; CARBON-BLACK; FILLED ELASTOMERS; GRANULAR MATTER; RUBBER; TEMPERATURE; VOLUME; LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; MODULUS AB We evaluate the strain amplitude (gamma) dependence of the dynamic storage and loss moduli for polybutadiene elastomers containing carbon black particles of varied size at a constant volume fraction of 0.18. Measurements of the low-strain hysteretic softening (Payne effect or unjamming transition) in both shear and uniaxial extension modes allow the gamma dependence of Poisson's ratio (nu) to be determined. For elastomers with a fully agglomerated filler network, the breakup of the jammed state with increasing strain induces a transition from nu similar to 0.35 to the limiting value for an incompressible material, nu=0.5. This transition is more marked for samples containing smaller filler particles. The effect is similar to the change caused by temperature in the glass transition zone of amorphous polymers, reflecting the parallel between deformation in jammed systems and temperature (and the volume changes associated with it) in glasses; thus, the Payne effect resembles the glass transition in polymers and molecular liquids. We also show herein that the alleviation of structural arrest in filled rubber occurs at a constant value of strain energy, independent of the size of the reinforcing particles or the nature of the strain (shear vs tension). Contrary to the results for shear or tensile deformation, under hydrostatic pressure (volumetric strain) a value of nu=0.5 is maintained for all magnitudes of strain. Along with the absence of hysteresis in cyclic pressure-volume measurements, this demonstrates the distinct behavior of the filler network for hydrostatic compression, in which there is no relative displacement of polymer and filler. C1 Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Robertson, CG (reprint author), Bridgestone Amer, Ctr Res & Technol, 1200 Firestone Pkwy, Akron, OH 44317 USA. RI Bogoslovov, Radoslav/B-9137-2008; Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 051403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.051403 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 173RL UT WOS:000246890100057 PM 17677061 ER PT J AU Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Obenschain, SP Zalesak, ST Velikovich, AL Bates, JW Fyfe, DE Gardner, JH Manheimer, W AF Colombant, D. G. Schmitt, A. J. Obenschain, S. P. Zalesak, S. T. Velikovich, A. L. Bates, J. W. Fyfe, D. E. Gardner, J. H. Manheimer, W. TI Direct-drive laser target designs for sub-megajoule energies SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY JAN 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; HIGH-GAIN; HYDRODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; PROFILES; IGNITION; GROWTH AB New direct-drive laser target designs with KrF laser light take advantage of the shorter wavelength to lower the laser energy required for substantial gain (>30x) to sub-MJ level. These low laser-energy pellets are useful in systems that could form an intermediate step towards fusion energy, such as the proposed Fusion Test Facility [S. P. Obenschain et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 056320 (2006)]. The short wavelength laser should allow higher intensity (and higher pressure) without increasing the risk of laser-plasma instabilities. The higher pressure in turn allows higher velocities to be achieved while keeping the low aspect ratios required for hydrodynamic stability. The canonical laser energy has been chosen to be 500 kJ. A target design is presented with various laser pulse shapes and both 1D and 2D simulation results are shown. The sensitivity of these targets to both low-mode and high-mode perturbations is examined. The analysis and simulations in this paper indicate that significant gain (G=57) can be achieved for these targets even in the presence of hydrodynamic instabilities. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Land Resources, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20350 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. BRA, Springfield, VA USA. RSI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Colombant, DG (reprint author), USN, Land Resources, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM Denis.Colombant@nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 056317 DI 10.1063/1.2730503 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900125 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Velikovich, AL Davis, J Clark, RW Chong, YK Chittenden, J Chantrenne, S Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Nelson, AJ Franklin, J LePell, PD Apruzese, JP Levine, J Banister, J AF Coverdale, C. A. Deeney, C. Velikovich, A. L. Davis, J. Clark, R. W. Chong, Y. K. Chittenden, J. Chantrenne, S. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Nelson, A. J. Franklin, J. LePell, P. D. Apruzese, J. P. Levine, J. Banister, J. TI Deuterium gas-puff Z-pinch implosions on the Z accelerator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY JAN 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; PLASMA-FOCUS; DRIVEN; ARGON; DIAGNOSTICS AB Experiments on the Z accelerator with deuterium gas-puff implosions have produced up to 3.7x10(13) (+/- 20%) neutrons at 2.34 MeV (+/- 0.10 MeV). Although the mechanism for generating these neutrons was not definitively identified, this neutron output is 100 times more than previously observed from neutron-producing experiments at Z. Dopant gases in the deuterium (argon and chlorine) were used to study implosion characteristics and stagnated plasma conditions through x-ray yield measurements and spectroscopy. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations have suggested that the dopants improved the neutron output through better plasma compression, which has been studied in experiments increasing the dopant fraction. Scaling these experiments, and additional MHD calculations, suggest that -5x10(14) deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutrons could be generated at the 26-MA refurbished Z facility. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 056309 DI 10.1063/1.2710207 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900117 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Fernsler, RF AF Leonhardt, D. Walton, S. G. Fernsler, R. F. TI Fundamentals and applications of a plasma-processing system based on electron-beam ionization SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID GENERATED PLASMAS; STAINLESS-STEEL; DIAGNOSTICS; ENERGY; IONS; FLUX AB Plasmas generated from moderate energy (2-5 keV) electron beams (e-beam) have unique, attractive characteristics that are ideal for materials processing applications. These plasmas possess low electron temperatures (< 0.5 eV), variable plasma densities (10(9)-10(12) cm(-3)) with an improved control of plasma species generation, and perhaps most importantly, a direct scalability to processing areas exceeding one square meter. These characteristics are due to the plasma ionization being driven by the e-beam instead of an external electromagnetic field as used in conventional processing plasma sources. Theoretical and experimental system details are discussed in terms of plasma operating conditions applied to three different surface modification approaches: metal nitriding, negative ion etching, and polymer surface energy tailoring. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dleonhardt@fusionuv.com NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 057103 DI 10.1063/1.2712424 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900142 ER PT J AU Sze, H Levine, JS Banister, J Failor, BH Qi, N Steen, P Velikovich, AL Davis, J Wilson, A AF Sze, H. Levine, J. S. Banister, J. Failor, B. H. Qi, N. Steen, P. Velikovich, A. L. Davis, J. Wilson, A. TI Magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability mitigation and efficient radiation production in gas puff Z-pinch implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY JAN 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID K-SHELL RADIATION; ARGON; DENSITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; NOZZLES AB Large radius Z-pinches are inherently susceptible to the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability because of their relatively long acceleration path. This has been reflected in a significant reduction of the argon K-shell yield as was observed when the diameter of the load was increased from 2.5 to >4 cm. Recently, an approach was demonstrated to overcome the challenge with a structured gas puff load that mitigates the RT instability, enhances the energy coupling, and leads to a high compression, high yield Z-pinch. The novel load consists of a "pusher," outer region plasma that carries the current and couples energy from the driver, a "stabilizer," inner region plasma that mitigates the RT growth, and a "radiator," high-density center jet plasma that is heated and compressed to radiate. In 3.5-MA, 200-ns, 12-cm initial diameter implosions, the Ar K-shell yield has increased by a factor of 2, to 21 kJ, matching the yields obtained on the same accelerator with 100-ns, 2.5-cm-diam implosions. Further tests of such structured Ar gas load on -6 MA, 200-ns accelerators have achieved >80 kJ. From laser diagnostics and measurements of the K-shell and extreme ultraviolet emission, initial gas distribution and implosion trajectories were obtained, illustrating the RT suppression and stabilization of the imploding plasma, and identifying the radiation source region in a structured gas puff load. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations, started from actual initial density profiles, reproduce many features of the measurements both qualitatively and quantitatively. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 L3 Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Avonia Inc, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. RP Sze, H (reprint author), L3 Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 056307 DI 10.1063/1.2436468 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900115 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Oh, J Afeyan, B Phillips, L Seely, J Feldman, U Brown, C Karasik, M Serlin, V Aglitskiy, Y Mostovych, AN Holland, G Obenschain, S Chan, LY Kehne, D Lehmberg, RH Schmitt, AJ Colombant, D Velikovich, A AF Weaver, J. L. Oh, J. Afeyan, B. Phillips, L. Seely, J. Feldman, U. Brown, C. Karasik, M. Serlin, V. Aglitskiy, Y. Mostovych, A. N. Holland, G. Obenschain, S. Chan, L-Y. Kehne, D. Lehmberg, R. H. Schmitt, A. J. Colombant, D. Velikovich, A. TI Laser plasma instability experiments with KrF lasers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY JAN 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; 2-PLASMON DECAY; FUSION-TARGETS; FILAMENTATION; REDUCTION; BRILLOUIN AB Deleterious effects of laser-plasma instability (LPI) may limit the maximum laser irradiation that can be used for inertial confinement fusion. The short wavelength (248 nm), large bandwidth, and very uniform illumination available with krypton-fluoride (KrF) lasers should increase the maximum usable intensity by suppressing LPI. The concomitant increase in ablation pressure would allow implosion of low-aspect-ratio pellets to ignition with substantial gain (>20) at much reduced laser energy. The proposed KrF-laser-based Fusion Test Facility (FTF) would exploit this strategy to achieve significant fusion power (150 MW) with a rep-rate system that has a per pulse laser energy well below 1 MJ. Measurements of LPI using the Nike KrF laser are presented at and above intensities needed for the FTF (I-2x10(15) W/cm(2)). The results to date indicate that LPI is indeed suppressed. With overlapped beam intensity above the planar, single beam intensity threshold for the two-plasmon decay instability, no evidence of instability was observed via measurements of 3/2 omega(o) and 1/2 omega(o) harmonic emissions. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Polymath Res Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. SAIC INc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Enterprise Sci Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Weaver, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.weaver@nrl.navy.mil RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 056316 DI 10.1063/1.2672029 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900124 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Assikis, V Goodman, M Ward, KC Riffenburgh, RH Master, V AF Johnstone, P. A. S. Assikis, V. Goodman, M. Ward, K. C. Riffenburgh, R. H. Master, V. TI Lack of survival benefit of post-operative radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients with positive lymph nodes SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE prostate neoplasms; prostatectomy; lymph nodes; SEER ID STAGE D1 T1-3; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; HORMONAL-THERAPY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; RADIOTHERAPY; LYMPHADENECTOMY; ADENOCARCINOMA; DEPRIVATION; DISSECTION AB Randomized data from SWOG 8794 and EORTC 22911 confirm the benefit of post-operative radiation therapy ( RT) for selected patients with pT3 prostate cancer ( CaP) after radical prostatectomy ( RP). However, data regarding the potential benefit of RT for patients post- RP with positive lymph node ( +LN) involvement are limited. We analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results ( SEER) registry for population- based data on efficacy of postoperative RT for +LN patients after RP. As LN data have only been captured by SEER since 1988, we analyzed data for 1988 - 1992, with specific attention to 10- year relative survival ( defined as observed survival divided by the survival of a gender-, age- and race- matched population cohort without disease). Specifically analyzed were data for 1921 patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who underwent surgery alone, or surgery followed by RT, and who had +LNs documented. SEER does not code the interval between surgery and RT, so the ratio of patients receiving salvage versus adjuvant therapy is unknown. Using follow- up data through 2002, post- diagnosis survival was examined by number of +LNs. There was no significant relative survival benefit for +LN patients receiving post- operative RT (chi(2) P = 0.270). These data do not support routine use of postoperative RT for patients with +LNs in the surgical specimen. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Ctr Canc Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM peter@radonc.emory.org FU NIMHD NIH HHS [P60-MD000525] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500940 PG 4 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 175PU UT WOS:000247026300012 PM 17211440 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Long, JP Kafafi, ZH Makinen, AJ AF Watkins, Neil J. Long, James P. Kafafi, Zakya H. Makinen, Antti J. TI Fiber optic light collection system for scanning-tunneling-microscope-induced light emission SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-EMISSION; ATOMIC-SCALE; SURFACES AB We report a compact light collection scheme suitable for retrofitting a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for STM-induced light emission experiments. The approach uses a pair of optical fibers with large core diameters and high numerical apertures to maximize light collection efficiency and to moderate the mechanical precision required for alignment. Bench tests indicate that efficiency reduction is almost entirely due to reflective losses at the fiber ends, while losses due to fiber misalignment have virtually been eliminated. Photon-map imaging with nanometer features is demonstrated on a stepped Au(111) surface with signal rates exceeding 10(4) counts/s. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antti.makinen@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 AR 053707 DI 10.1063/1.2740479 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 173SP UT WOS:000246893100022 PM 17552825 ER PT J AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, LT AF Blackmon, Fletcher Antonelli, Lynn T. TI Opto-acoustic downlink underwater communication - Remote, aerial, trans-layer communications - A revolutionary enabling capability SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. USN, Sensors & Mat Res & Dev Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 5 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 175FO UT WOS:000246998600005 ER PT J AU Wegman, EJ Martinez, WL AF Wegman, Edward J. Martinez, Wendy L. TI A conversation with Dorothy Gilford SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Office of Naval Research; National Academy of Sciences; National Center for Education Statistics; Committee on National Statistics; Board on International Comparative Studies in Education AB In 1946, Public Law 588 of the 79th Congress established the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Its mission was to plan, foster and encourage scientific research in support of Naval problems. The establishment of ONR predates the National Science Foundation and initiated the refocusing of scientific infrastructure in the United States following World War II. At the time, ONR was the only source for federal support of basic research in the United States. Dorothy Gilford was one of the first Heads of the Probability and Statistics program at the Office of Naval Research (1955 to 1962), and she went on to serve as Director of the Mathematical Sciences Division (1962 to 1968). During her time at ONR, Dorothy influenced many areas of statistics and mathematics and was ahead of her time in promoting interdisciplinary projects. Dorothy continued her career at the National Center for Education Statistics (1969 to 1974). She was active in starting international comparisons of education outcomes in different countries, which has influenced educational policy in the United States. Dorothy went on to serve in many capacities at the National Academy of Sciences, including Director of Human Resources Studies (1975 to 1978), Senior Statistician on the Committee on National Statistics (1978 to 1988) and Director of the Board on International Comparative Studies in Education (1988 to 1994). The following is a conversation we had with Dorothy Gilford in March of 2004. We found her to be an interesting person and a remarkable statistician. We hope you agree. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Off Naval Res, Liberty Ctr 1, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Wegman, EJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, MS 6A2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ewegman@gmu.edu; martinwe@our.navy.mil NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1214/088342307000000023 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 223FJ UT WOS:000250354700015 ER PT J AU Ohrt, C Doolan, D Brice, G Tjitra, E Handayani, S Schaecher, K Prescott, W Campo, J Charoenvit, Y Veazey, J Chong, A Friedman, C Sattabongkot, J Stewart, VA Baird, K AF Ohrt, C. Doolan, D. Brice, G. Tjitra, E. Handayani, S. Schaecher, K. Prescott, W. Campo, J. Charoenvit, Y. Veazey, J. Chong, A. Friedman, C. Sattabongkot, J. Stewart, V. A. Baird, K. TI Plasmodium antibodies as surrogate markers of malaria exposure SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ohrt, C.; Chong, A.; Friedman, C.; Stewart, V. A.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Sliver Spring, MD USA. [Doolan, D.; Campo, J.; Baird, K.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Sliver Spring, MD USA. [Brice, G.] Navy Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Tjitra, E.; Handayani, S.] Indonesian Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Schaecher, K.; Sattabongkot, J.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Prescott, W.] Hydas Inc, Hershey, PA USA. [Veazey, J.] USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Frederick, MD USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 12 SU 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 302FP UT WOS:000255954500137 ER PT J AU King, CR Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Presti, JC AF King, Christopher R. Freedland, Stephen J. Terris, Martha K. Kane, Christopher J. Amling, Christopher L. Aronson, William J. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. TI Impact of obesity on the utility of preoperative prostate-specific antigen velocity to predict for relapse after prostatectomy: A report from the SEARCH database SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PSA VELOCITY; CANCER; RISK; HYPERPLASIA; RECURRENCE AB Objectives To test the validity of preoperative prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) (the rate of PSA rise before diagnosis) as a predictor for relapse after radical prostatectomy, in the context of patient obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI). Methods The rates of biochemical relapse were examined among 215 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2005. Kaplan-Meier relapse rates as a function of preoperative PSAV 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr were compared in two groups: nonobese patients (normal to overweight, BMI less than 30 kg/m(2)) and obese patients (mild to severely obese, BMI 30 kg/m(2) or greater). Results A preoperative PSAV greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was associated with higher relapse rates after radical prostatectomy compared with a PSAV of 2 ng/mL/yr or less, with 5-year relapse-free survival rates of 60% versus 70%, respectively (P = 0.03). Prostate-specific antigen velocity was independently significant on multivariate analysis, along with biopsy Gleason score, percent positive cores, and BMI. In this study 24% of patients were obese. Prostate-specific antigen velocity greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was associated with higher relapse rates in nonobese patients (P = 0.01) but not in obese patients (P = 0.9). The two BMI groups did not differ with respect to any factors. Obese patients with slowly rising PSA (PSAV 2 ng/mL/yr or less) fared just as poorly as nonobese patients with rapidly rising PSA (PSAV greater than 2 ng/mL/yr). Obesity was independently associated with higher relapse rates. Conclusions Preoperative PSAV greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was associated with a higher risk of relapse after radical prostatectomy, but its clinical usefulness might be limited to nonobese patients. Obesity conferred higher relapse rates, regardless of other prognostic factors including preoperative PSAV. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Durham, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. USN, San Diego Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP King, CR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM crking@stanford.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAY PY 2007 VL 69 IS 5 BP 921 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.01.056 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 191GK UT WOS:000248119400028 PM 17482935 ER PT J AU Bunch, R Hunt, T Riege, V Cady, P Wagenman, R AF Bunch, R. Hunt, T. Riege, V Cady, P. Wagenman, R. TI OTC program for common, routine ailments designed to lower the burden on providers and to substitute less expensive OTC medications for more costly prescription medications: A case study of the United States Naval Hospital in Keflavik, Iceland SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Idaho State Univ, Coll Pharm, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. USN, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 3 BP A207 EP A207 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)69153-X PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 171DJ UT WOS:000246714800628 ER PT J AU Mantz, RA Fox, DM Green, JM Fylstra, PA De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Mantz, Robert A. Fox, Douglas M. Green, J. Marshall, III Fylstra, Paul A. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Dissolution of Biopolymers using ionic liquids SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; silk; biopolymers; solubility; chitin; collagen; elastin ID MORI SILK FIBROIN; REGENERATION; SOLVENTS; ELASTIN; PROTEIN; FIBERS AB Ionic liquids represent a unique class of solvents that offer unprecedented versatility and tunability. Nature has developed a wide variety of materials based upon both proteins and polysaccharides. Many of these materials have unique properties that are a function not only of the material identity but are also largely dictated by processing conditions. Recent work has shown the potential of ionic liquids as solvents for the dissolution and processing of biopolymers. In this research we have expanded upon the limited data available to date using several biopolymers including: silk, chitin, collagen and elastin. C1 Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USA, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mantz, RA (reprint author), Army Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM robert.a.mantz@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 30 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5-6 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 192DI UT WOS:000248180600008 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, M Kim, CS Nolde, JA Larrabee, DC Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Kim, M. Kim, C. S. Nolde, J. A. Larrabee, D. C. Lindle, J. R. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI High-temperature interband cascade lasers emitting at lambda=3.6-4.3 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; HIGH-POWER; NARROW-RIDGE; W-DIODE; GROWTH AB The authors report the operating characteristics of ten-stage interband cascade lasers from two wafers with room-temperature wavelengths of 4.1 and 4.3 mu m. For 150-mu m-wide stripes, the threshold current densities are as low as 4.8 A/cm(2) at 78 K (cw) and 1.15 kA/cm(2) at room temperature (pulsed). At 78 K, the cw wall-plug efficiency for an 11-mu m-wide ridge with 0.5-mm-long cavity and coated facets is 27%, while a 3-mm-long cavity emits a maximum cw power of 200 mW. Devices from the two wafers have maximum cw operating temperatures of 261 K (lambda approximate to 4.0 mu m) and 243 K (lambda approximate to 4.2 mu m). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 18 AR 181120 DI 10.1063/1.2736272 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164CK UT WOS:000246210000020 ER PT J AU Drozd-Rzoska, A Rzoska, SJ Paluch, M Imre, AR Roland, CM AF Drozd-Rzoska, A. Rzoska, S. J. Paluch, M. Imre, A. R. Roland, C. M. TI On the glass temperature under extreme pressures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORMING LIQUIDS; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; PHASE; RELAXATION; POLYMERS; CURVE; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS AB The application of a modified Simon-Glatzel-type relation [Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 178, 309 (1929)] for the pressure evolution of the glass temperature is presented, namely, T-g(P)=T-g(0)[1+Delta P/(pi+P-g(0))](1/b)exp[-(Delta P/c)], where (T-g(0),P-g(0)) are the reference temperature and pressure, Delta P=P-P-g(0), -pi is the negative pressure asymptote, b is the power exponent, and c is the damping pressure coefficient. The discussion is based on the experimental T-g(P) data for magmatic silicate melt albite, polymeric liquid crystal P8, and glycerol. The latter data are taken from Cook [J. Chem. Phys. 100, 5178 (1994)] and from the authors' dielectric relaxation time (tau(P)) measurements, which employs the novel pressure counterpart of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation: tau(P)=tau(P)(0) exp[D-P Delta P/(P-0-P)], where Delta P=P-P-SL (P-SL is the stability limit hidden under negative pressure), P-0 is the estimation of the ideal glass pressure, and D-P is the isothermal fragility strength coefficient. Results obtained suggest the hypothetical maximum of the T-g(P) curve, which can be estimated due to the application of the supporting derivative-based analysis. A hypothetical common description of glass formers characterized by dT(g)/dP > 0 and dT(g)/dP < 0 coefficients is suggested. Finally, the hypothetical link between molecular and colloidal glass formers is recalled. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. KFKI Atom Energy Res Inst, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Drozd-Rzoska, A (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI Imre, Attila/E-9016-2011 OI Imre, Attila/0000-0003-4604-5899 NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 16 AR 164504 DI 10.1063/1.2721044 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 162FN UT WOS:000246072300032 PM 17477611 ER PT J AU Witek, ML Flatau, PJ Quinn, PK Westphal, DL AF Witek, Marcin L. Flatau, Piotr J. Quinn, Patricia K. Westphal, Douglas L. TI Global sea-salt modeling: Results and validation against multicampaign shipboard measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-POLLUTION MODEL; WHITECAP COVERAGE; ATLANTIC; DEPOSITION; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; PARTICLES AB [1] Open-ocean measurements of sea-salt concentrations from five different campaigns are used to validate the sea-salt parameterization in numerical models. The data set is unique in that it is from open-ocean shipboard measurements which alleviates typical problems associated with onshore wave breaking on land stations ( surf zone). The validity of the sea-salt parameterizations is tested by employing a global forecasting model and transport model with detailed representation of dry and wet deposition, advection and diffusion, and other physical processes. It is shown that the inclusion of these processes leads to good agreement with shipboard measurements. The correlation coefficient of measured and modeled sea-salt mass concentrations for all data points was 0.76 and varied from 0.55 to 0.84 for different experiments. Average sea-salt mass concentration was 4.6 mu g/m(3) from measurements and 7.3 mu g/m(3) from the model, for all considered experiments. It was found that model-measurements discrepancies were affected by wet deposition uncertainties but also suggested was the influence of source uncertainties in the strong wind-speed regime, lack of a wind-speed threshold for emission onset, and lack of size differentiation in applied deposition velocity. No apparent relationship between the water temperature and the measured sea-salt concentration was found in the analyzed data set. C1 Univ Warsaw, Interdisciplinary Ctr Math & Computat Modeling, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Witek, ML (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Interdisciplinary Ctr Math & Computat Modeling, Ul Pawinskiego 5A, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. EM mwit@igf.fuw.edu.pl RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 37 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D8 AR D08215 DI 10.1029/2006JD007779 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163FA UT WOS:000246143000002 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Khomskii, DI Lengsdorf, R Alonso, JA Marshall, WG Ibberson, RA Podlesnyak, A Martinez-Lope, MJ Abd-Elmeguid, MM AF Mazin, I. I. Khomskii, D. I. Lengsdorf, R. Alonso, J. A. Marshall, W. G. Ibberson, R. A. Podlesnyak, A. Martinez-Lope, M. J. Abd-Elmeguid, M. M. TI Charge ordering as alternative to Jahn-Teller distortion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR; RNIO3; DISPROPORTIONATION; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION; ND AB We show that the Mott transition in orbitally degenerate systems can, and often does, proceed not in the standard "Mott insulator - weakly correlated metal" sequence, but via a novel intermediate phase with a charge (rather than orbital) ordering. Lifting an orbital degeneracy this way can be viewed as an alternative to a Jahn-Teller distortion. This may occur in a crossover between localized and itinerant regimes, if Hund's rule coupling overcomes the on site Coulomb repulsion. We show both by calculations and by experiment that this scenario is realized in rare-earth nickelates, and argue that the same phenomenon takes place in many other systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin Abt, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Loughborough, Loughborough, Leics, England. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Alonso, Jose Antonio/A-5245-2011; Marshall, William/A-5798-2010; Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013; Ibberson, Richard/P-8397-2015 OI Alonso, Jose Antonio/0000-0001-5329-1225; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319; Ibberson, Richard/0000-0003-0007-706X NR 15 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 27 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 17 AR 176406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.176406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172KT UT WOS:000246803900046 ER PT J AU Fountoukis, C Nenes, A Meskhidze, N Bahreini, R Conant, WC Jonsson, H Murphy, S Sorooshian, A Varutbangkul, V Brechtel, F Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Fountoukis, Christos Nenes, Athanasios Meskhidze, Nicholas Bahreini, Roya Conant, William C. Jonsson, Haflidi Murphy, Shane Sorooshian, Armin Varutbangkul, Varuntida Brechtel, Fred Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Aerosol-cloud drop concentration closure for clouds sampled during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; THERMAL ACCOMMODATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ART.; PARAMETERIZATION; ALBEDO; NUMBER AB [ 1] This study analyzes 27 cumuliform and stratiform clouds sampled aboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) experiment. The data set was used to assess cloud droplet closure using ( 1) a detailed adiabatic cloud parcel model and ( 2) a state-of-the-art cloud droplet activation parameterization. A unique feature of the data set is the sampling of highly polluted clouds within the vicinity of power plant plumes. Remarkable closure was achieved ( much less than the 20% measurement uncertainty) for both parcel model and parameterization. The highly variable aerosol did not complicate the cloud droplet closure, since the clouds had low maximum supersaturation and were not sensitive to aerosol variations ( which took place at small particle sizes). The error in predicted cloud droplet concentration was mostly sensitive to updraft velocity. Optimal closure is obtained if the water vapor uptake coefficient is equal to 0.06, but can range between 0.03 and 1.0. The sensitivity of cloud droplet prediction error to changes in the uptake coefficient, organic solubility and surface tension depression suggest that organics exhibit limited solubility. These findings can serve as much needed constraints in modeling of aerosol-cloud interactions in the North America; future in situ studies will determine the robustness of our findings. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP Fountoukis, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nenes@eas.gatech.edu OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 NR 56 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D10 AR D10S30 DI 10.1029/2006JD007272 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163FE UT WOS:000246143400001 ER PT J AU Proshutinsky, A Ashik, I Hakkinen, S Hunke, E Krishfield, R Maltrud, M Maslowski, W Zhang, J AF Proshutinsky, A. Ashik, I. Haekkinen, S. Hunke, E. Krishfield, R. Maltrud, M. Maslowski, W. Zhang, J. TI Sea level variability in the Arctic Ocean from AOMIP models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LAPTEV SEA; FAST-ICE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; WIND; CIRCULATION; REGIMES; CLIMATE; SHELF; PARAMETERIZATION; PRESSURE AB [1] Monthly sea levels from five Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project ( AOMIP) models are analyzed and validated against observations in the Arctic Ocean. The AOMIP models are able to simulate variability of sea level reasonably well, but several improvements are needed to reduce model errors. It is suggested that the models will improve if their domains have a minimum depth less than 10 m. It is also recommended to take into account forcing associated with atmospheric loading, fast ice, and volume water fluxes representing Bering Strait inflow and river runoff. Several aspects of sea level variability in the Arctic Ocean are investigated based on updated observed sea level time series. The observed rate of sea level rise corrected for the glacial isostatic adjustment at 9 stations in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas for 1954 - 2006 is estimated as 0.250 cm/yr. There is a well pronounced decadal variability in the observed sea level time series. The 5-year running mean sea level signal correlates well with the annual Arctic Oscillation (AO) index and the sea level atmospheric pressure (SLP) at coastal stations and the North Pole. For 1954 - 2000 all model results reflect this correlation very well, indicating that the long-term model forcing and model reaction to the forcing are correct. Consistent with the influences of AO-driven processes, the sea level in the Arctic Ocean dropped significantly after 1990 and increased after the circulation regime changed from cyclonic to anticyclonic in 1997. In contrast, from 2000 to 2006 the sea level rose despite the stabilization of the AO index at its lowest values after 2000. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 198095, Russia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Proshutinsky, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, MS 29,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aproshutinsky@whoi.edu RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012 NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C4 AR C04S08 DI 10.1029/2006JC003916 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163FO UT WOS:000246144400005 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI Mechanics of merging events for a series of layers in a stratified turbulent fluid SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID KOLMOGOROV FLOW; BETA-PLANE; ZONAL JETS; CONVECTION; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB This study attempts to explain the evolutionary pattern of a series of well-mixed layers separated by thin high-gradient interfaces frequently observed in stratified fluids. Such layered structures form as a result of the instability of the equilibrium with uniform stratification, and their subsequent evolution is characterized by a sequence of merging events which systematically increase the average layer thickness. The coarsening of layers can take one of two forms, depending on the realized vertical buoyancy flux law. Layers merge either when the high-gradient interfaces drift and collide, or when some interfaces gradually erode without moving vertically. The selection of a preferred pattern of coarsening is rationalized by the analytical theory-the merging theorem-which is based on linear stability analysis for a series of identical layers and strongly stratified interfaces. The merging theorem suggests that the merger by erosion of weak interfaces occurs when the vertical buoyancy flux decreases with the buoyancy variation across the step. If the buoyancy flux increases with step height, then coarsening of a staircase may result from drift and collision of the adjacent interfaces. Our model also quantifies the time scale of merging events and makes it possible to predict whether the layer merging continues indefinitely or whether the coarsening is ultimately arrested. The merging theorem is applied to extant one-dimensional models of turbulent mixing and successfully tested against the corresponding fully nonlinear numerical simulations. It is hypothesized that the upscale cascade of buoyancy variance associated with merging events may be one of the significant sources of the fine-scale (similar to 10 m) variability in the ocean. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 577 BP 251 EP 273 DI 10.1017/S0022112007004703 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 165VB UT WOS:000246332900012 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark TI Spin injection and accumulation in mesoscopic metal wires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; GOLD-FILMS; POLARIZATION; CHARGE; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; VALVES AB Studies of spin injection, accumulation and detection in mesoscopic metal channels have recently gained considerable attention. The experiments use a nonlocal, quasi-one dimensional geometry and a structure that is known as a lateral spin valve. Results are interesting from the perspective of basic research and, of more importance, are promising for device applications. This article reviews the fundamentals of the theory and phenomenology of spin injection, describes novel data on mesoscopic silver wires with low ferromagnet/nonmagnet interface resistance, and discusses several important results. The plausibility of an optimized lateral spin valve, with output impedance of 50 Omega, output modulation of 10 Omega, and 50 nm dimensions, is analysed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 16 AR 165215 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/16/165215 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168VL UT WOS:000246552000016 ER PT J AU Zutic, I Fabian, J Erwin, SC AF Zutic, Igor Fabian, Jaroslav Erwin, Steven C. TI Bipolar spintronics: from spin injection to spin-controlled logic SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HOT-ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETIC-SEMICONDUCTOR; NONMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; VALVE TRANSISTOR; FIELD CONTROL; PN JUNCTIONS AB An impressive success of spintronic applications has been typically realized in metal-based structures which utilize magnetoresistive effects for substantial improvements in the performance of computer hard drives and magnetic random access memories. Correspondingly, the theoretical understanding of spin-polarized transport is usually limited to a metallic regime in a linear response, which, while providing a good description for data storage and magnetic memory devices, is not sufficient for signal processing and digital logic. In contrast, much less is known about possible applications of semiconductor-based spintronics and spin-polarized transport in related structures which could utilize strong intrinsic nonlinearities in current-voltage characteristics to implement spin-based logic. Here we discuss the challenges for realizing a particular class of structures in semiconductor spintronics: our proposal for bipolar spintronic devices in which carriers of both polarities ( electrons and holes) contribute to spin-charge coupling. We formulate the theoretical framework for bipolar spin-polarized transport, and describe several novel effects in two- and three-terminal structures which arise from the interplay between nonequilibrium spin and equilibrium magnetization. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zutic, I (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525 NR 151 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 16 AR 165219 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/16/165219 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 168VL UT WOS:000246552000020 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Dudley, M Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE AF Chen, Y. Dudley, M. Liu, K. X. Stahlbush, R. E. TI Observations of the influence of threading dislocations on the recombination enhanced partial dislocation glide in 4H-silicon carbide epitaxial layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID I-N-DIODES; ANNIHILATION; DEFORMATION AB Electron-hole recombination enhanced glide of Shockley partial dislocations bounding expanding stacking faults and their interactions with threading dislocations have been studied in 4H- silicon carbide epitaxial layers. The mobile silicon-core Shockley partial dislocations bounding the stacking faults are observed to cut through threading edge dislocations, leaving no trailing dislocation segments in their wake. When the Shockley partial dislocations interact with threading screw dislocations, 30 degrees partial dislocation dipoles are initially deposited in their wake. These partial dislocation dipoles quickly and spontaneously snap into screw orientation whereupon they cross slip and annihilate, leaving a prismatic stacking fault on the (2 (1) over bar(1) over bar0) plane. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mdudley@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 17 AR 171930 DI 10.1063/1.2734499 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BV UT WOS:000246568600055 ER PT J AU Xu, DP Huang, JYT Park, JH Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Xu, D. P. Huang, J. Y. T. Park, J. H. Mawst, L. J. Kuech, T. F. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Characteristics of dilute-nitride GaAsSbN/InP strained multiple quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BAND PARAMETERS; LASER-DIODES; GAINNASSB; SEMICONDUCTORS; GROWTH; GAAS AB GaAsSbN/InP strained layer superlattice (SL) structures have been grown using low-temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition with N composition varying from 0.6% to 1.6%. High-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that GaAsSbN/InP SLs with defect-free layers and abrupt interfaces were achieved. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements reveal that nitrogen incorporation into the GaAsSbN layers extends the emission wavelength, increases the conduction band offset, and dramatically changes the As/Sb ratio. In parallel with the experimental efforts, simulation studies using a ten-band k.p model are carried out to correlate the emission properties of these SL structures with experiment. Photoluminescence measurements indicate an emission wavelength redshift with respect to the simulated values. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xu, DP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xdapeng@wisc.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 17 AR 171913 DI 10.1063/1.2731730 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BV UT WOS:000246568600038 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Henley, L Deschamps, JR Butcher, RJ Maher, DP Klug, CA Swider-Lyons, K Dressick, WJ Bujoli, B Greenwood, AE Congiardo, LKB Knight, DA AF Schull, Terence L. Henley, Leila Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Butcher, Ray J. Maher, Dermot P. Klug, Christopher A. Swider-Lyons, Karen Dressick, Walter J. Bujoli, Bruno Greenwood, Andrew E. Byington Congiardo, Laura K. Knight, D. Andrew TI Organometallic supramolecular mixed-valence cobalt(I)/cobalt(II) aquo complexes stabilized with the water-soluble phosphine ligand p-TPPTP (p-triphenylphosphine triphosphonic acid) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; COBALT; HYDROFORMYLATION; HYDROGENATION; CATALYSTS; KETONES; STATE AB Reaction of the water-soluble phosphine phosphonic acid p-TPPTP(H)(6) (p-triphenylphosphine triphosphonic acid) with Co-2(CO)(8) under biphasic conditions results in the formation of Co-6(CO)(3)(p-TPPTP)(2)(H2O)(24)center dot 24H(2)O (2) or Co-4(CO)(3)(p-TPPTP)(2)(H2O)(24)center dot 24H(2)O (3) depending on the pH of the solution. These supramolecular organometallic Co(I)/Co(II) complexes contain either six (2) or four (3) crystallographically distinct cobalt ions. The cation [Co(CO)(3)(p-TPPTP)(2)](+) from 2 was reacted with titanium tetraisopropoxide via a sol-gel method to give a titania-supported Co(I) olefin hydroformylation catalyst, which was characterized using solid-state P-31 NMR, IR, and XPS. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Nantes Atlantique Univ, CNRS, UMR 6513, Lab Synth Organ,Fac Sci & Techn, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM daknight@loyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD APR 23 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2272 EP 2276 DI 10.1021/om060898m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 157AE UT WOS:000245690200019 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, Charles D. TI Statistics of cosmological black hole jet sources: Blazar predictions for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gamma rays : bursts ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; LINE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS; EGRET-DETECTED QUASARS; X-RAY; FR-I; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SYNCHROTRON PROCESSES AB A study of the statistics of cosmological black hole jet sources is applied to EGRET blazar data and predictions are made for GLAST. Black hole jet sources are modeled as collimated relativistic plasma outflows with radiation beamed along the jet axis due to strong Doppler boosting. The comoving rate density of blazar flares is assumed to follow a blazar formation rate (BFR), modeled by analytic functions based on astronomical observations and fits to EGRET data. The redshift and size distributions of gamma-ray blazars observed with EGRET, separated into BL Lac objects (BLs) and flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) distributions, are fit with monoparametric functions for the distributions of the jet Lorentz factor Gamma, comoving directional power l 0 e, and spectral slope. A BFR factor approximate to 10; greater at z greater than or similar to 1 than at present is found to fit the FSRQ data. A smaller comoving rate density and greater luminosity of BL flares at early times compared to the present epoch fits the BL data. Based on the EGRET observations, approximate to 1000 blazars consisting of approximate to 800 FSRQs and FR 2 radio galaxies and approximate to 200 BL Lac objects and FR 1 radio galaxies will be detected with GLAST during the first year of the mission. Additional AGN classes, such as hard-spectrum BL Lac objects that were mostly missed with EGRET, could add more GLAST sources. The FSRQ and BL contributions to the EGRET gamma-ray background at 1 GeVare estimated at the level of approximate to 10%-15% and approximate to 2%-4%, respectively. EGRET and GLAST sensitivities to blazar flares are considered in the optimal case, and a GLAST analysis method for blazar detection is outlined. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 65 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 2 BP 958 EP 975 DI 10.1086/512533 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158ES UT WOS:000245774700009 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, J. Martin TI Analytic approach to the stability of standing accretion shocks: Application to core-collapse supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; shock waves; supernovae : general ID NEUTRINO-DRIVEN EXPLOSIONS; ACOUSTIC CYCLE; INSTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; REVIVAL; FLOWS AB We explore an analytic model of the accretion shock in the postbounce phase of a core-collapse supernova explosion. We find growing oscillations of the shock in the l = 1 and 2 modes, in agreement with a variety of existing numerical simulations. For modest values of the ratio of the outer accretion shock to that of the inner boundary to the shocked flow, the instability appears to derive from the growth of trapped sound waves, whereas at higher values, postshock advection clearly plays a role. Thus, the model described here may relate to the different mechanisms of instability recently advocated by Blondin & Mezzacappa and by Foglizzo and collaborators. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laming@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 2 BP 1449 EP 1457 DI 10.1086/512534 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158ES UT WOS:000245774700044 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Feldman, U Doschek, GA AF Ralchenko, Yu. Feldman, U. Doschek, G. A. TI Is there a high-energy particle population in the quiet solar corona? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID MAXWELLIAN ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS; HELIUM RESONANCE LINES; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; KAPPA-DISTRIBUTION; TRANSITION REGION; SUMER TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; SOHO AB A study of spectra emitted by the quiet solar corona indicates that the majority of line intensities originating in low-lying levels are consistent with isothermal plasma of similar to 1.3 x 10(6) K. Nevertheless, a number of line intensities and, in particular, those belonging to ions that are typical of higher temperatures are brighter than expected. We show in this paper that the excess brightness of the hotter lines may be satisfactorily accounted for by a two-Maxwellian electron distribution function. We have calculated the effects on the line intensities and ionization balance under the assumption of both single- and two-Maxwellian electron distribution functions. One Maxwellian is characterized by a temperature of about 110 eV (1.35 x 10(6) K). The second Maxwellian is assumed to be a high-energy component ranging in temperatures between 150 and 1000 eV, with electron fractions relative to the total electron density that vary from 0.5% to 10%. We found that a good match to the quiet-Sun intensities could be achieved by adding similar to 5% electrons with a 300-400 eV Maxwellian temperature to the cooler component at 110 eV. We also found that the calculated line intensities become inconsistent with the quiet solar corona measurements if more than 3% of a Te 500 eV plasma or more than 1% of a Te 1000 eV plasma is added to the cooler Maxwellian. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 2 BP 1682 EP 1692 DI 10.1086/512536 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158ES UT WOS:000245774700063 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Stevens, MH AF Englert, Christoph R. Stevens, Michael H. TI Polar mesospheric cloud mass and the ice budget: 1. Quantitative interpretation of mid-UV cloud brightness observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE EXPLORER; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CAPABILITIES; DEPENDENCE; SUMMER; GROWTH; LIDAR; PMCS AB [ 1] We investigate the retrieval of column ice mass from mid-UV solar scattering polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) observations to help constrain estimates of the ice budget of the polar summer mesosphere. First, we show that the backscattered brightness from PMC particles is roughly proportional to the mass of the ice particles. Second, we quantify the sensitivity of the retrieved PMC column ice mass to the particle size distribution for a viewing geometry typical for a subset of Solar Backscattered UltraViolet (SBUV) satellite data taken at 70 +/- 2.5 degrees N. Considering a wide range of Gaussian size distributions using spherical particles with peak radii between 15 nm and 100 nm and widths between 10 nm and 20 nm, we find that we can constrain the inferred ice column mass to +/- 43% for 95% of the distributions in this range. For this scenario we also show that spheroids with axis ratios of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 generally decrease the sensitivity of the inferred ice column mass to the size distribution. Third, we quantify the sensitivity of the retrieved PMC column ice mass for a viewing geometry typical for a subset of Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) satellite data. Using the same wide range of size distributions, we show that the inferred ice column mass can be constrained to +/- 33% for 95% of the distributions in this range. The results of this paper are used by two companion papers to investigate the polar mesospheric ice budget. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christoph.englert@nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D8 AR D08204 DI 10.1029/2006JD007533 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160OI UT WOS:000245951800009 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Hervig, M Gumbel, J Stevens, MH AF Siskind, David E. Hervig, Mark Gumbel, Joerg Stevens, Michael H. TI Polar mesospheric cloud mass and the ice budget: 3. Application of a coupled ice-chemistry-dynamics model and comparison with observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC SUMMER MESOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; TEMPERATURE; MESOPAUSE; VARIABILITY; OZONE AB [ 1] We have combined a two-dimensional chemical/ dynamics model with a monodisperse parameterization of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) to study the interaction of PMCs with the climate of the summer mesopause region. First, we show that PMC absorption of terrestrial and solar IR radiation lead to atmospheric heating rates which can exceed 10 K/day. This heat is dissipated by increased upwelling above the cloud layer and by a 2 - 6 K temperature increase. We then calculate the global PMC ice mass and evaluate its sensitivity to IR heating, assumed particle size and level of solar activity. Inclusion of the temperature increase in the model can reduce the calculated ice mass by up to a factor of two. The calculated solar cycle range in the ice mass is also about a factor of two. The calculated latitude distribution and solar cycle range of PMC ice mass are in good agreement with recent analyses of PMC satellite data. Finally, we test the hypothesis that PMC formation leads to ozone changes by comparing our model with ozone data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). The data show a 20 - 30% ozone enhancement above PMCs. In the model, dehydration above the cloud layer leads to an ozone increase due to lowered HOx. However, this competes with the temperature increase from IR absorption that can damp out this ozone increase. Surprisingly, for realistic estimates of the terrestrial IR flux, the model ozone response is reduced to well below that observed by HALOE. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D8 AR D08303 DI 10.1029/2006JD007499 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160OI UT WOS:000245951800007 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Englert, CR DeLand, MT Bailey, SM AF Stevens, Michael H. Englert, Christoph R. DeLand, Matthew T. Bailey, Scott M. TI Polar mesospheric cloud mass and the ice budget: 2. Application to satellite data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; EXPLORER MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NITRIC-OXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; LIDAR; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY AB [ 1] We use satellite observations of mid-UV solar backscattered light from polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) to constrain the water ice budget. We compare the PMC mass from observations by two instruments: the limb viewing Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) and the nadir viewing Solar Backscattered UltraViolet (SBUV) experiments. At 70 +/- 2.5 degrees N we find that SNOE measures over three times more PMC mass than the less sensitive SBUV experiment. We directly compare the two data sets by selecting only the brightest 10% of SNOE clouds so that the SNOE and SBUV PMC occurrence frequencies are the same. This comparison shows that the PMC mass averaged over five northern seasons is the same to within uncertainties in the ice particle size distribution. We also find that near midday, the northern SBUV PMC mass is a factor of 2.4 times greater than the southern PMC mass. These results provide new constraints for global climate models of PMC formation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.stevens@nrl.navy.mil OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D8 AR D08205 DI 10.1029/2006JD007532 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160OI UT WOS:000245951800008 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG Hogan, PJ AF Prasad, T. G. Hogan, Patrick J. TI Upper-ocean response to Hurricane Ivan in a 1/25 degrees nested Gulf of Mexico HYCOM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; CLOSURE-MODEL; TURBULENCE; WATER; COORDINATE; EQUATIONS; MOMENTUM; GILBERT; RINGS AB [ 1] A 20-layer, 1/25 degrees nested Gulf of Mexico (GoM) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been employed to examine the evolving three-dimensional ocean response to Hurricane Ivan during 14 - 16 September 2004. Results from several combinations of numerical experiments with and without assimilation of satellite-altimetry sea-surface height (SSH) are being analyzed and compared for the September 2004 hurricane period. A comparison of simulated zonal and meridional velocities using data assimilation shows improved agreement with profiler observations. The amplitude of the cold wake ( similar to 6 degrees C) produced by these simulations compared reasonably well with the observed changes in SST before and after the storm; however, the region of extreme cooling varied depending on the simulated location of the warm core eddy (WCE) that had detached from the Loop Current ( LC). While the simulated location of the WCE and LC in the assimilation runs agree better with satellite altimetry, the storm-induced SST cooling was 40% - 50% greater than the observed cooling. Overall, similar to 64% of the cooling was due to vertical mixing caused by turbulence generated from strong shear-stress across the base of the mixed layer. Vertical advection (upwelling) caused a significant portion of cooling (23.4%) in those runs that included data assimilation; a three fold increase from the nonassimilative runs (7%). This enhanced upper- ocean cooling was caused primarily by the prestorm thermal stratification; a shallower thermocline ( similar to 40 m) and a stronger upper- thermocline temperature gradient compared with the nonassimilative runs. In all the experiments the air-sea exchange was a small component of the mixed-layer heat budget which overall accounted for similar to 4% C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM thoppil@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 40 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C4 AR C04013 DI 10.1029/2006JC003695 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 160OT UT WOS:000245952900001 ER PT J AU Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R Penwell, PE Petrie, M Malhotra, R AF Bottaro, Jeffrey C. Gilardi, Richard Penwell, Paul E. Petrie, Mark Malhotra, Ripudaman TI Synthesis, characterization and chemistry of the fluoronitramide anion SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE fluoronitramide; dinitramide; difluoramide; nitrocyanamide AB The fluoronitramide anion, as its potassium, tetraisopropyl p-phenylenediguanidinium, and tetraphenylphosphonium salts, have been synthesized. The latter salt was characterized in detail as it was by far the most stable. The free acid HN(F)(NO2)was found to be unstable, as was the ammonium salt of fluoronitramide. The fluorine atom was shown to be capable of displacement by nucleophiles. In contrast to dinitramide, which at room temperature is unreactive towards aqueous alkali, fluoronitramide reacts instantly with aqueous hydroxide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data show an unusual degree of uncertainty in the position of the fluorine atom in all of the salts that were examined. C1 SRI Int, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottaro, JC (reprint author), SRI Int, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ripudaman.malhotra@sri.com OI Malhotra, Ripudaman/0000-0003-0808-8177 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD APR 18 PY 2007 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1153 DI 10.1055/s-2007-966004 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 165IU UT WOS:000246298900002 ER PT J AU Busani, T Devine, RAB Hughes, HL AF Busani, T. Devine, R. A. B. Hughes, H. L. TI Negative bias temperature instability and Fowler-Nordheim injection in silicon oxynitride insulators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; TRANSISTORS AB Negative bias temperature instability and Fowler-Nordheim injection measurements have been performed on p-channel field effect transistors. For Fowler-Nordheim injection a comparison of the threshold voltage shift and the reduced channel transconductance shows similar linear behavior to that observed for hot electron stressing of n-channel devices. Comparison for bias temperature instability shows dramatically different behaviors. Simultaneous negative bias temperature instability and Fowler-Nordheim injection lead to potentially significant errors in the estimation of the reliability lifetime. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Energet Mat Res & Testing Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Busani, T (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Energet Mat Res & Testing Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM busanit@chtm.unm.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 16 AR 163512 DI 10.1063/1.2730756 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159MP UT WOS:000245870400127 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Twigg, ME Bassim, ND Shirey, LM Glembocki, OJ Culbertson, JC Perkins, FK Peckerar, MC Ngu, Y Yan, F AF Eddy, C. R., Jr. Holm, R. T. Henry, R. L. Twigg, M. E. Bassim, N. D. Shirey, L. M. Glembocki, O. J. Culbertson, J. C. Perkins, F. K. Peckerar, M. C. Ngu, Y. Yan, F. TI Improved GaN materials and devices through confined epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE GROWTH; SUBSTRATE; SILICON; FILMS; MOVPE AB An approach to reduce vertical threading dislocations in the active regions of III-nitride devices is described. The approach involves confined homo- or heteroepitaxy of GaN materials using sputtered oxide masks to delineate growth regions and conventional metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The resulting confined epitaxial material is terminated with equilibrium crystal facets, which form hexagonal mesas, and contains a reduced dislocation density and reduced strain compared to the underlying template layer for homoepitaxial growth. Characterization of pn junction diodes grown with this approach reveals significantly reduced leakage currents in as-grown, unpassivated structures (as low as 1x10(-7) A cm(-2)). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.eddy@nrl.navy.mil RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 16 AR 162101 DI 10.1063/1.2724773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159MP UT WOS:000245870400055 ER PT J AU Rath, BB Winning, M Li, JCM AF Rath, Bhakta B. Winning, M. Li, J. C. M. TI Coupling between grain growth and grain rotation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARIES; MIGRATION; MOTION; TILT AB Grain boundary motion during grain growth or recrystallization is considered as a diffusion process of atomic movement across the boundary. It can be accompanied by subgrain rotation or nanograin rotation. However, grain boundary migration can be achieved also by dislocation motion or creep. The evidence is the power law relationship between driving force and boundary velocity for large driving forces and an activation energy which approaches that of self-diffusion at low driving forces and decreases with increasing driving force. The creep mechanism may or may not involve grain rotation. Experimental evidences and dislocation models are discussed in reference to coupling between boundary migration and grain rotation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Iron Res, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li@me.rochester.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 16 AR 161915 DI 10.1063/1.2723195 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159MP UT WOS:000245870400046 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Jonas, RB AF Hamdan, Leila J. Jonas, Robert B. TI The use of antibiotics to reduce bacterioplankton uptake of phytoplankton extracellular organic carbon (EOC) in the Potomac River estuary SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; extracellular organic carbon (EOC); kanamycin; phytoplankton production; streptomycin ID BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; STREAM BACTERIA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RELEASE; MARINE; SEAWATER; SEA; MONOSACCHARIDES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Phytoplankton production and accumulation of extracellular organic carbon (EOC) was tracked during diel intervals in microcosms by inhibiting bacterioplankton assimilation of EOC with streptomycin and kanamycin. Bacterioplankton production (3 H-thymidine incorporation) and metabolism (C-14-glucose incorporation) were monitored in samples collected from the Potomac River estuary to determine the effect of the antibiotics. Particulate (i.e., raw water) primary production and EOC (i.e., water passing through 1.0 mu m glass fiber filter) production rates were monitored to determine the impact of antibiotics on phytoplankton. In preliminary experiments, neither streptomycin nor kanamycin alone significantly inhibited bacterioplankton activity compared to controls, but when both were present secondary production and metabolism were reduced up to 90%, and remained as such for 45 h. During field evaluations using a streptomycin and kanamycin mixture (50 mu M each) particulate primary production and EOC production were not statistically different in control and antibiotic treated samples indicating that the antibiotics did not negatively influence phytoplankton production rates. In the presence of antibiotics dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) and, to a lesser extent, monosaccharides were significantly elevated compared to controls. This study demonstrates that streptomycin and kanamycin are capable of inhibiting bacterioplankton metabolism and uptake of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the samples tested so that the contribution of EOC to the DOC pool and to bacterioplankton metabolism could be measured and assessed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 2 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.054 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 147JZ UT WOS:000245000600006 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Currie, M Fatemi, FK AF Lou, Janet W. Currie, Marc Fatemi, Fredrik K. TI Experimental measurements of solitary pulse characteristics from an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RING LASER; GENERATION AB We demonstrate a solitary pulse output from an 8.3-MHz mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser, operating entirely in the normal dispersion regime. The typical output hyperbolic-secant pulses have a 14-ps pulse width and a 1.2-mW average output power. The spectrum has steep band edges with a 6.1-nm width and a tunable center wavelength between 1050 and 1080 nm. Using a frequency-resolved optical gating setup, we show that the pulse intensity and phase profiles are consistent with a chirped soliton. Energy quantization is observed, thus demonstrating the nonparabolic nature of these pulses. The laser output is compressed to near the transform limit (similar to 430 fs). (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM janet.lou@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 16 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4960 EP 4965 DI 10.1364/OE.15.004960 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 158HN UT WOS:000245782500059 PM 19532745 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Lamar, JD Charles, PT AF Anderson, George P. Lamar, Jacqueline D. Charles, Paul T. TI Development of a luminex based competitive immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SCREENING METHOD; MUTAGENICITY; EXPLOSIVES; BIOSENSOR; NITRATE; SYSTEM AB Previously, a displacement immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was demonstrated using the Luminex 100. The work presented utilized this same specialized flow cytometer to demonstrate a highly sensitive and rapid competitive immunoassay for TNT. This required a TNT analog to be attached to the microsphere surface. Various linkers were evaluated; bovine serum albumin provided over 3 times more binding sites in comparison to various shorter diamine linkers. For this assay TNB-coated microspheres were added to samples;then biotinylated anti-TNT antibody and the reporter molecule, Streptavidin-R-Phycoerythrin, were added. In the absence of TNT, a highly fluorescent complex was formed on the surface of the microsphere. The presence of TNT resulted in dose-dependent decreased fluorescence. Various anti-TNT antibodies were evaluated; Mab 30-1 gave the strongest response, yielding the lowest limit of detection (< 1.0 ng/mL) and a dynamic range up to 1 mu g/mL. Other factors such as reaction time, cross reactivity to other nitro-compounds, evaluation of acetone extracts of TNT contaminated soils, testing in environmental matrices such as fresh water and seawater were all completed. Finally, a multiplex assay for TNT and three protein toxins was successfully conducted using the competitive format. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2888 EP 2893 DI 10.1021/es062333n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159UK UT WOS:000245892900043 PM 17533854 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Thompson, PE Zhang, XH Hollander, M Shao, L AF Zhu, Lei Thompson, Phillip E. Zhang, Xinghang Hollander, Mark Shao, Lin TI Displacements of Sb atoms in supersaturated Sb-doped Si layer formed by molecular beam epitaxy growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; SILICON; ANTIMONY AB Rutherford backscattering channeling measurements with angular scans have been carried out on < 100 > Sb-doped Si superlattice structures formed by molecular beam epitaxy growth. Three different crystallographic axes < 100 >, < 111 >, and < 110 > have been explored. We have observed Sb displacements from their substitutional sites with displacement amplitudes of 0.22 angstrom in as- grown samples. The displacements increase with increasing post-growth annealing temperatures, associated with formation of nanometer size Sb precipitates. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Ion Beam Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Ion Beam Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 8 AR 086110 DI 10.1063/1.2717604 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 162FM UT WOS:000246072200178 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. TI Why the glass transition problem remains unsolved? SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Non-Cystalline Soilds CY JUN 20-23, 2006 CL Gijon, SPAIN DE transport properties -liquids; glass transition; polymers and organics; viscoelasticity; viscosity ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; BULK AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION AB Glass-forming substances are made of units having nontrivial mutual interactions. Therefore, structural relaxation of glass-formers is a many-body relaxation problem, which unfortunately is still an unsolved problem in statistical mechanics. Conventional theories and models of glass transition bypass solution of this problem, and hence glass transition also remains an unsolved problem. There are plenty of experimental evidences for the many-body relaxation dynamics, and some examples are given. The Coupling Model of the author is not a full solution of the many-body relaxation problem either. Nevertheless, its predictions can explain the properties of structural relaxation originating from many-body relaxation and their relations to its precursor, namely the Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation. A demonstration of the utility of the Coupling Model is given here by solving two problems in glass transition that involve many-body relaxation. The problems are: (1) the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein and Debye-Stokes-Einstein relations in neat molecular glass-formers and colloidal suspension, and (2) the component dynamics of polymer blends and mixtures of non-polymeric glass-formers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 76 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 8-10 BP 709 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.12.033 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 158MO UT WOS:000245795800002 ER PT J AU Chou, YT Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Chou, Y. T. Pande, C. S. Masumura, R. A. TI The role of harmonic functions in dislocation-boundary interactions by the method of images SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE dislocations; boundaries; images; displacement field ID CRACK AB We present a theoretical basis for the link between the harmonic functions and the method of images, which was effectively used in Head's analysis [A.K. Head, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Ser. B 66 (1953) 793-801] of dislocation-boundary interaction. We also report the solution of the displacement field of an edge dislocation near a plane surface, and illustrate the profiles of its boundary displacements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6325, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 452 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.103 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 156HX UT WOS:000245639800014 ER PT J AU Spanos, G Geltmacher, AB Lewis, AC Bingert, JF Mehl, M Papaconstantopoulos, D Mishin, Y Gupta, A Matic, P AF Spanos, G. Geltmacher, A. B. Lewis, A. C. Bingert, J. F. Mehl, M. Papaconstantopoulos, D. Mishin, Y. Gupta, A. Matic, P. TI A methodology to aid in the design of naval steels: Linking first principles calculations to mesoscale modeling SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE materials design; atomistic modeling; embedded atom method (EAM); three-dimensional (3D) analysis; finite element modeling (FEM); austenitic stainless steels ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; STAINLESS-STEEL; INTERGRANULAR CRACKING; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; NOBLE-METALS; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIZATION; DEFORMATION AB This paper provides a brief overview of a multidisciplinary effort at the Naval Research Laboratory aimed at developing a computationally-based methodology to assist in the design of advanced Naval steels. This program uses multiple computational techniques ranging from the atomistic length scale to continuum response. First-principles electronic structure calculations using density functional theory were employed, semi-empirical angular dependent potentials were developed based on the embedded atom method, and these potentials were used as input into Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental techniques have also been applied to a super-austenitic stainless steel (AL6XN) to provide experimental input, guidance, verification, and enhancements to the models. These experimental methods include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and serial sectioning in conjunction with computer-based three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative analyses. The experimental results are also used as critical input into mesoscale finite element models of materials response. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.spanos@nrl.navy.mil RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 452 BP 558 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.110 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 156HX UT WOS:000245639800077 ER PT J AU Shi, ZM Boyd, RW Gauthier, DJ Dudley, CC AF Shi, Zhimin Boyd, Robert W. Gauthier, Daniel J. Dudley, C. C. TI Enhancing the spectral sensitivity of interferometers using slow-light media SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB We demonstrate experimentally that the spectral sensitivity of an interferometer can be greatly enhanced by introducing a slow-light medium into it. The experimental results agree very well with theoretical predictions that the enhancement factor of the spectral sensitivity is equal to the group index n(g) of the slow-light medium. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Ctr Photon & Commun Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, ZM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM zshi@optics.rochester.edu RI Gauthier, Daniel/G-1336-2011; Shi, Zhimin/G-3857-2011 OI Gauthier, Daniel/0000-0002-4473-217X; NR 12 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 915 EP 917 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000915 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 154PT UT WOS:000245520400011 PM 17375152 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH Hinton, RJ AF Garzarella, A. Qadri, S. B. Wieting, Terence J. Wu, Dong Ho Hinton, R. J. TI Dielectrically induced sensitivity enhancements in electro-optic field sensors SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The sensitivity of an electro-optic (EO) field sensor depends inversely on the dielectric constant of the non-linear crystal. In EO sensors based on lithium mobate the effective value of this dielectric constant is affected by dielectric relaxation effects and is identified with its smaller, high-frequency component. Because of this effect, the EO modulation is significantly enhanced, thus improving the field strength sensitivity. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 964 EP 966 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000964 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 154PT UT WOS:000245520400028 PM 17375169 ER PT J AU Robinson, JA Snow, ES Perkins, FK AF Robinson, J. A. Snow, E. S. Perkins, F. K. TI Improved chemical detection using single-walled carbon nanotube network capacitors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE single-walled carbon nanotube; chemical detection; sensor; capacitance ID SENSORS; GAS; TRANSISTORS; ADSORPTION AB We explore capacitance- and conductance-based detection of trace chemical vapors using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We find that Conductance detection is susceptible to such problems as large 1/f noise and incomplete sensor recovery, which are primarily artifacts of a charge-based transduction mechanism. Capacitance detection, dominated by dielectric effects, is less sensitive to charge effects and, thus, offers increased signal-to-noise ratio, improved sensor recovery, and larger dynamic range. Our data indicate capacitance-based sensing with SWNTs is well suited for trace-level detection of such low-vapor-pressure materials as certain chemical warfare agents and explosives. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Joshua/I-1803-2012 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 135 IS 2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2006.07.027 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 163WK UT WOS:000246193700001 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q Pereira, N Wu, P AF Collins, Greg E. Lu, Qin Pereira, Nicholas Wu, Peter TI Long pathlength, three-dimensional absorbance microchip SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis microchip; absorbance; long pathlength; three dimensional ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS DEVICES; PHASE; CELL AB A long pathlength, three-dimensional U-type flow cell was microfabricated and evaluated for improved absorbance detection on a glass microdevice. A small diameter hole (75 mu m) was laser etched in a thin glass substrate whose thickness (100 mu m) defined much of the pathlength of the cell. This substrate was thermally bonded and sandwiched between two different glass substrates. The top substrate contained a typical injection cross and separation microchannel. Projecting out of the plane of the separation device was a 126 mu m pathlength flow cell as defined by the laser etched hole and the attached microchannels. The flow cell was connected to a microchannel on the bottom substrate that led to a waste reservoir. The planar, flat windows on the top and bottom of this device made light introduction and collection a simple matter using a light emitting diode (LED) and microscope objective. The experimentally obtained detection limit for rhodamine B was determined to be 0.95 mu M, which is nearly identical to the theoretical limit calculated by Beer's Law. A separation of three fluorescent dyes was performed, and direct comparisons were made between the transmittance changes through the narrow pathlength separation microchannel and the adjacent long pathlength, three-dimensional U-type flow cell. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.10.015 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 164IB UT WOS:000246225900043 PM 19071618 ER PT J AU Liao, XB Huang, SM Zhou, H Parrish, D Cook, JM AF Liao, Xuebin Huang, Shengming Zhou, Hao Parrish, Damon Cook, James M. TI Cascade approach toward the core structure of neosarpagine SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALLYLIC ALKYLATION; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; SUBSTITUTION; CONSTRUCTION; ESTERS AB A palladium-catalyzed domino sequence was developed to rapidly construct the core structure of neosarpagine and other quinuclidine-related alkaloids. The cyclization of ketone 11 to ethylidene 4 with Pd(dba)(2), DPEphos, LiHMDS, and ZnCl2 in THF represents a new domino process wherein a nonstabilized enolate served as a nucleophile. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liao, XB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, 3210 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1471 DI 10.1021/ol070148o PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 153MG UT WOS:000245439000012 PM 17358071 ER PT J AU Gentile, G Rodriguez, C Taylor, GB Giovannini, G Allen, SW Lane, WM Kassim, NE AF Gentile, G. Rodriguez, C. Taylor, G. B. Giovannini, G. Allen, S. W. Lane, W. M. Kassim, N. E. TI Monitoring the bidirectional relativistic jets of the radio galaxy 3C 338 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; galaxies : active; galaxies : individual ( 3C 338); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID PARSEC-SCALE JETS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; COMPLETE SAMPLE; X-RAY; FARADAY-ROTATION; SNAPSHOT SURVEY; ABELL 2199; NGC 6166; CLUSTERS; NUCLEUS AB We present the analysis of VLA and VLBA observations of the radio source 3C 338, associated with the cD galaxy NGC 6166, the central dominant galaxy of the cluster Abell 2199. The VLBA observations were done at 8.4 and 15.4 GHz, while the VLA observations were performed at 0.074, 0.330, and 8.4 GHz. The milliarcsecond- resolution VLBA data, spanning 7 yr, reveal parsec-scale jets, whose kinematics and orientation cannot be unambiguously derived. Based on the observed morphology, jet/counterjet length ratio, flux density ratio, and proper motions of the jet components, we consider two possible explanations: either the jets are strongly relativistic and lie within 10 degrees-20 degrees of the plane of the sky, or they are only mildly relativistic and are pointing at an angle between 30 degrees and 50 degrees from the plane of the sky. The arcsecond-resolution VLA data enable us to investigate the large-scale structure of the radio source. The morphology of the low-frequency radio lobes clearly indicates that they are associated with the cavities present in the X-ray emission. Low-frequency observations also reveal an extension to the south corresponding to an X-ray hole. The ages of these bubbles, computed from the sound speed, the buoyancy time, and the radiative age, are all in fair agreement with each other. Estimates of the power necessary to inflate these cavities suggest that the accretion power onto the central engine has not been constant over time. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Sartenejas, Venezuela. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gentile, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1086/512479 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300016 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U Doschek, GA AF Landi, E. Feldman, U. Doschek, G. A. TI Neon and oxygen absolute abundances in the solar corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; NE/O ABUNDANCE; SUN; PLASMA; GRANULATION; CHIANTI; RATIO; SUMER AB In the present work we use the UV spectrum of a solar flare observed with SOHO SUMER to measure the absolute abundance of Ne in the solar atmosphere. The measurement is carried out using the intensity ratio between the allowed 1s2s S-3(1)-1s2p P-3(2) Ne ix line at 1248.28 angstrom and the free-free continuum radiation observed close to the Ne ix line. We find a value of the absolute Ne abundance A(Ne) = 8.11 +/- 0.12, in agreement with previous estimates but substantially higher than the very recent estimate by Asplund et al. based on the oxygen photospheric abundance and the Ne/O relative abundance. Considering our measured A(Ne) value, we argue that the absolute oxygen abundance of Asplund et al. is too low by a factor 1.9. This result has important consequences for models of the solar interior based on helioseismology measurements, as well as on the FIP bias determination of the solar upper atmosphere, solar wind, and solar energetic particles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 659 IS 1 BP 743 EP 749 DI 10.1086/512035 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158EF UT WOS:000245773300061 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G AF Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. TI Equatorial spread F modeling: Multiple bifurcated structures, secondary instabilities, large density 'bite-outs,' and supersonic flows SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA BUBBLES; IONOSPHERE; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; ALTITUDE; WAVES; SHEAR; FIELD AB The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed a new two-dimensional code to study equatorial spread F (ESF): NRLESF2. The code uses an 8th order spatial interpolation scheme and the partial donor cell method. This allows the model to capture very sharp gradients over similar to 4 grid cells and to assess the impact of numerical diffusion on the dynamics of 'bubble' evolution. Simulation results are presented that show new and complex ESF bubble dynamics: multiple bifurcations, secondary instabilities, density `bite-outs' of over three orders of magnitude, and supersonic flows within low density channels (V similar or equal to few km/s). These results are consistent with radar and satellite observations, as well as optical images. It is also shown that numerical diffusion can inhibit bubble bifurcation and the development of small-scale structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07105 DI 10.1029/2006GL028519 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157ND UT WOS:000245726000002 ER PT J AU Stine, R Cole, CL Ainslie, KM Mulvaney, SP Whitman, LJ AF Stine, Rory Cole, Christina L. Ainslie, Kristy M. Mulvaney, Shawn P. Whitman, Lloyd J. TI Formation of primary amines on silicon nitride surfaces: A direct, plasma-based pathway to functionalization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID OXYNITRIDE THIN-FILMS; WAVE-GUIDE SURFACES; DNA; STABILITY; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; IMMOBILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; MICROARRAYS AB Silicon nitride is the most commonly used passivation layer in biosensor applications where electronic components must be interfaced with ionic solutions. Unfortunately, the predominant method for functionalizing silicon nitride surfaces, silane chemistry, suffers from a lack of reproducibility. As an alternative, we have developed a silane-free pathway that allows for the direct functionalization of silicon nitride through the creation of primary amines formed by exposure to a radio frequency glow discharge plasma fed with humidified air. The aminated surfaces can then be further functionalized by a variety of methods; here we demonstrate using glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional linker to attach a robust NeutrAvidin (NA) protein layer. Optimal amine formation, based on plasma exposure time, was determined by labeling treated surfaces with an amine-specific fluorinated probe and characterizing the coverage using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS and radiolabeling studies also reveal that plasma-modified surfaces, as compared with silane-modified surfaces, result in similar NA surface coverage, but notably better reproducibility. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013; OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Ainslie, Kristy/0000-0002-1820-8382 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 8 BP 4400 EP 4404 DI 10.1021/la0635653 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 152OA UT WOS:000245370100042 PM 17323989 ER PT J AU Chromik, RR Baker, CC Voevodin, AA Wahl, KJ AF Chromik, Richard R. Baker, Colin C. Voevodin, Andrey A. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI In situ tribometry of solid lubricant nanocomposite coatings SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; MoS2; velocity accommodation; transfer film; in situ tribometry ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; COMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; 3RD BODIES; WEAR; FILMS; FRICTION AB The friction and wear behavior of nanocomposite coatings comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), An, carbon and MoS2 were studied by in situ tribometry in both dry nitrogen (3-5% RH) and humid air (35-45% RH). Transfer film formation and interfacial dynamics were evaluated by direct observation of the sliding contact through a sapphire hemisphere. Four different third-body velocity accommodation modes (VAMs) were identified: (1) interfacial sliding, (2) interfacial sliding combined with transfer film shearing, (3) plowing and (4) local plowing and transfer film extrusion. The first two VAMs were associated with low, stable friction in dry and humid environments. The second two VAMs were associated with high friction in dry conditions and increased wear. Tribological performance and VAMs were also correlated with coating composition and mechanical properties. Friction spiking occurred for coatings with greater YSZ content. Harder coatings exhibited high friction run-in that was more pronounced for coatings with high carbon content. In situ experiments demonstrated that friction and wear performance was controlled by stable transfer film formation and VAMs associated with a lubricating condition (interfacial sliding or transfer film shearing). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 34 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 9-10 BP 1239 EP 1252 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 158MZ UT WOS:000245796900024 ER PT J AU Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Maximenko, SI Caldwell, JD AF Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Maximenko, Serguei I. Caldwell, Joshua D. TI Differences in emission spectra of Si- and C-core partial dislocations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID I-N-DIODES; STACKING-FAULT FORMATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEFECT REACTIONS; RECOMBINATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; BIAS; PIN AB The spectra for individual Si- and C-core partial dislocations were obtained using optical emission microscopy. Both electroluminescence and photoluminescence revealed similar spectra. The Si-core spectra peaked at 700 nm, consistent with the reported spectra from collection of dislocations. For the C core, a dominant IR band starting at 850 nm was revealed for injections around 0.1 A/cm(2). For an injection at 1 A/cm(2), this band saturated and a band at 700 nm dominated. This C-core band at 700 nm was broader, and its intensity peak was lower than the Si core. Results are discussed along with existing theoretical models of deep levels. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kendrick.liu@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; maximenko, serguei/A-7068-2009 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 15 AR 153503 DI 10.1063/1.2721139 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AJ UT WOS:000245690700106 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Benson, CM Hoppel, KW Alfred, J Bevilacqua, RM Drdla, K AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Benson, Craig M. Hoppel, Karl W. Alfred, Jerome Bevilacqua, Richard M. Drdla, Katja TI Antarctic dehydration 1998-2003: Polar ozone and aerosol measurement III (POAM) measurements and integrated microphysics and aerosol chemistry on trajectories (IMPACT) results with four meteorological models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; STRATOSPHERE; VORTEX; TEMPERATURES; WINTER AB [1] We present Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM) measurements of Antarctic dehydration from 1998 to 2003 and compare these measurements with calculations performed with the Integrated Microphysics and Aerosol Chemistry on Trajectories (IMPACT) microphysical model. Previous work has shown that while dehydration is not very sensitive to reasonable changes of microphysical parameters, it is very sensitive to changes in temperature. We shall therefore compare dehydration as measured by POAM with IMPACT model runs based on four meteorological analyses: United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center (NCEP-CPC), and NCEP reanalysis. For the years 1998-2000, the agreement between the minimum water vapor found in the POAM measurements and that from all of the model runs is always within 0.5 ppmv. The disagreement between POAM and some of the models is larger in the years 2001-2003, growing as large as similar to 1 ppmv, but the agreement between the minimum POAM water vapor and the water vapor calculated using the NCEP reanalysis is always within 0.2 ppmv. If we infer a temperature bias from the difference between the NCEP reanalysis model runs and the POAM minimum water vapor measurements, we find that this temperature bias is < 0.5 K for each of the 6 years from 1998 to 2003, but it is often larger for the other meteorological analyses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7277, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D7 AR D07305 DI 10.1029/2006JD007414 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155MC UT WOS:000245580500004 ER PT J AU Panteleev, G Proshutinsky, A Kulakov, M Nechaev, DA Maslowski, W AF Panteleev, G. Proshutinsky, A. Kulakov, M. Nechaev, D. A. Maslowski, W. TI Investigation of the summer Kara Sea circulation employing a variational data assimilation technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BARENTS SEA; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA; FITTING MODELS; OCEAN; ICE; VARIABILITY; HYDROGRAPHY; ALGORITHMS; VELOCITY AB [ 1] The summer circulations and hydrographic fields of the Kara Sea are reconstructed for mean, positive and negative Arctic Oscillation regimes employing a variational data assimilation technique which provides the best fit of reconstructed fields to climatological data and satisfies dynamical and kinematic constraints of a quasi-stationary primitive equation ocean circulation model. The reconstructed circulations agree well with the measurements and are characterized by inflow of 0.63, 0.8, 0.51 Sv through Kara Gate and 1.18, 1.1, 1.12 Sv between Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land, for mean climatologic conditions, positive and negative AO indexes, respectively. The major regions of water outflow for these regimes are the St. Anna Trough (1.17, 1.21, 1.34 Sv) and Vilkitsky/ Shokalsky Straits (0.52, 0.7, 0.51 Sv). The optimized velocity pattern for the mean climatological summer reveals a strong anticyclonic circulation in the central part of the Kara Sea ( Region of Fresh Water Inflow, ROFI zone) and is confirmed by ADCP surveys and laboratory modeling. This circulation is well pronounced for both high and low AO phases, but in the positive AO phase it is shifted approximately 200 km west relatively to its climatological center. During the negative AO phase the ROFI locaion is close to its climatological position. The results of the variational data assimilation approach were compared with the simulated data from the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM) and Naval Postgraduate School 18 km resolution (NPS-18) model to validate these models. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Panteleev, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM gleb@iarc.uaf.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C4 AR C04S15 DI 10.1029/2006JC003728 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 155MR UT WOS:000245582000004 ER PT J AU Lee, JRI Meulenberg, RW Hanif, KM Mattoussi, H Klepeis, JE Terminello, LJ van Buuren, T AF Lee, Jonathan R. I. Meulenberg, Robert W. Hanif, Khalid M. Mattoussi, Hedi Klepeis, John E. Terminello, Louis J. van Buuren, Tony TI Experimental observation of quantum confinement in the conduction band of CdSe quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE; STATE; GAP AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to characterize the evolution in the conduction band (CB) density of states of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a function of particle size. We have unambiguously witnessed the CdSe QD CB minimum (CBM) shift to higher energy with decreasing particle size, consistent with quantum confinement effects, and have directly compared our results with recent theoretical calculations. At the smallest particle size, evidence for a pinning of the CBM is presented. Our observations can be explained by considering a size-dependent change in the angular-momentum-resolved states at the CBM. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JRI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lee204@llnl.gov OI Meulenberg, Robert/0000-0003-2696-8792 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 14 AR 146803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.146803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 154MQ UT WOS:000245512100053 PM 17501301 ER PT J AU Ranade, A Hiltner, A Baer, E Shirk, JS Lepkowicz, RS AF Ranade, Aditya Hiltner, Anne Baer, Eric Shirk, James S. Lepkowicz, Richard S. TI Aggregation of lead phthalocyanine in blends with polycarbonate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phthalocyanines; aggregation; polycarbonate; NLO; dyes ID BEHAVIOR AB The blends of a nonlinear optical dye with polycarbonate are described and comparisons are made with solutions of the dye in chloroform. Absorption spectra of blends with up to 1 wt% lead tetracumylphenoxy phthalocyanine showed the dye to be primarily in the monomer form. The monomer absorption spectrum and the measured extinction coefficient replicated those in chloroform solution. As the dye concentration increased to 20 wt %, the monomer intensity decreased and new spectral features characteristic of the dimer appeared. The spectra were resolved into contributions of monomer and dimer, and the concentration effect was analyzed according to the monomer/dimer equilibrium. Much higher monomer concentrations were achieved in polycarbonate blends compared to chloroform solutions. It was concluded that when the blends were quenched from the melt, the equilibrium established at the melt temperature was preserved in the solid state glass. Quenching the blend from different melt temperatures confirmed this interpretation. Extrapolation of the temperature dependent equilibrium constant to 25 degrees C yielded a value close to that reported for chloroform solution at 25 degrees C. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hiltner, A (reprint author), St Gobain High Performance Mat, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM pah6@po.cwru.edu NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 5 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 464 EP 469 DI 10.1002/app.25857 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 138PQ UT WOS:000244375100066 ER PT J AU Singleton, CS Randall, CE Harvey, VL Chipperfield, MP Feng, W Manney, GL Froidevaux, L Boone, CD Bernath, PF Walker, KA McElroy, CT Hoppel, KW AF Singleton, C. S. Randall, C. E. Harvey, V. L. Chipperfield, M. P. Feng, W. Manney, G. L. Froidevaux, L. Boone, C. D. Bernath, P. F. Walker, K. A. McElroy, C. T. Hoppel, K. W. TI Quantifying Arctic ozone loss during the 2004-2005 winter using satellite observations and a chemical transport model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; AURA SATELLITE; UARS DATA; EOS MLS; POAM-II; DEPLETION; VALIDATION; CLIMATOLOGY AB During the last decade, much attention has been placed on quantifying and modeling Arctic stratospheric O-3 loss. At issue in particular is the reliability of models for simulating the loss under variable dynamical conditions in the Arctic region. This paper describes inferred O-3 loss calculations for the 2004 - 2005 Arctic winter using data from four solar occultation satellite instruments, as well as the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS). O-3 loss is quantified with the "Chemical Transport Model (CTM) passive subtraction" approach, using a passive O-3 tracer field from the SLIMCAT CTM. The 2004 - 2005 Arctic winter was moderately active dynamically, but was still one of the coldest Arctic winters on record, with prime conditions for O-3 loss. Loss estimates inferred from all of the different satellite instruments peaked in mid-March at 450 K between 2 - 2.3 ppmv, slightly less than similar estimations for the cold 1999 - 2000 winter. The SLIMCAT CTM was also used to simulate O-3 for the 2004 - 2005 winter. In March, near 450 K, the model O-3 was 0.3 ppmv (similar to 10 - 15%) lower than the observations, leading to a maximum O-3 loss that was 10 - 15% larger than that inferred from observations, using the passive subtraction approach. Modeled loss maximized around the same time as that inferred from observations. Although some discrepancies between the observed and modeled O-3 remain, the level of agreement presented here shows that the SLIMCAT CTM was able to satisfactorily simulate O-3 and polar O-3 loss during the dynamically active 2004 - 2005 Arctic winter. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singleton, CS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cynthia.singleton@lasp.colorado.edu RI FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D7 AR D07304 DI 10.1029/2006JD007463 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LV UT WOS:000245579800001 ER PT J AU Kryliouk, O Park, HJ Won, YS Anderson, T Davydov, A Levin, I Kim, JH Freitas, JA AF Kryliouk, Olga Park, Hyun Jong Won, Yong Sun Anderson, Tim Davydov, Albert Levin, Igor Kim, Ji Hyun Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. TI Controlled synthesis of single-crystalline InN nanorods SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; GROUP-III NITRIDES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BAND-GAP ENERGY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; HEXAGONAL INN; WURTZITE INN; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Single-crystalline InN nanorods were successfully grown on c-Al2O3, GaN, Si( 111), and Si( 100) substrates by non-catalytic, template-free hydride metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (H-MOVPE). It was evaluated thermodynamically and confirmed experimentally that the domain of nanorod growth lies in the vicinity of the growth-etch transition. Stable gas phase oligomer formation is suggested as the nucleation mechanism for InN nanoparticle generation. Dislocation-free, high-quality InN nanorods with [00.1] growth axis were formed via an apparent solid-vapour growth mechanism. The nanorod diameter, density, and orientation were controlled by growth temperature, substrate selection, and HCl/TMIn and N/In inlet molar ratios. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kryliouk, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM olgak@grove.ufl.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 13 AR 135606 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/13/135606 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 150TL UT WOS:000245241500013 ER PT J AU Wang, GM Sandberg, AC AF Wang, Guan M. Sandberg, Andwilliam C. TI Non-equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of free and tethered DNA molecules in nanochannel shear flows SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD; POLYMER; GOLD; MECHANICS; LIQUIDS AB In order to gain insight into the mechanical and dynamical behaviour of free and tethered short chains of ss/ds DNA molecules in flow, and in parallel to investigate the properties of long chain molecules in flow fields, we have developed a series of quantum and molecular methods to extend the well developed equilibrium software CHARMM to handle non-equilibrium dynamics. These methods have been applied to cases of DNA molecules in shear flows in nanochannels. Biomolecules, both free and wall-tethered, have been simulated in the all-atom style in solvent-filled nanochannels. The new methods were demonstrated by carrying out NEMD simulations of free single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules of 21 bases as well as double-stranded DNA ( dsDNA) molecules of 21 base pairs tethered on gold surfaces in an ionic water shear flow. The tethering of the linker molecule (6-mercapto-1-hexanol) to perfect Au(111) surfaces was parametrized based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Force field parameters were incorporated into the CHARMM database. Gold surfaces are simulated in a Lennard-Jones style model that was fitted to the Morse potential model of bulk gold. The bonding force of attachment of the DNA molecules to the gold substrate linker molecule was computed to be up to a few nN when the DNA molecules are fully stretched at high shear rates. For the first time, we calculated the relaxation time of DNA molecules in picoseconds (ps) and the hydrodynamic force up to a few nanoNewtons (nN) per base pair in a nanochannel flow. The velocity profiles in the solvent due to the presence of the tethered DNA molecules were found to be nonlinear only at high shear flow rates. Free ssDNA molecules in a shear flow were observed to behave differently from each other depending upon their initial orientation in the flow field. Both free and tethered DNA molecules are clearly observed to be stretching, rotating and relaxing. Methods developed in this initial work can be incorporated into multiscale simulations including quantum mechanical, molecular and the microfluidic continuum regimes. The results may also be useful in extending existing macroscopic empirical models of DNA response dynamics in shear flows. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sandberg@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 4 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 13 AR 135702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/13/135702 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 150TL UT WOS:000245241500017 PM 21730387 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Hobart, KD Glembocki, OJ Liu, KX AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Stahlbush, Robert E. Hobart, Karl D. Glembocki, Orest J. Liu, Kendrick X. TI Reversal of forward voltage drift in 4H-SiC p-i-n diodes via low temperature annealing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIN DIODES AB Recent reports have shown that Shockley stacking fault (SSF) growth in 4H-SiC may be reversed via low temperature (210-600 degrees C) annealing. It is not clear if the associated drift in the forward voltage drop (V-f) is also reversed. Here we show that annealing of SSFs causes the complete and repeatable recovery of V-f. Furthermore, by looking at the time-dependent recovery of V-f during both the current stressing and thermal annealing of a single diode, we ascertain that the mechanisms for these two processes are different. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 14 AR 143519 DI 10.1063/1.2719650 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 154MR UT WOS:000245512200116 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D Areshkin, DA White, CT AF Gunlycke, D. Areshkin, D. A. White, C. T. TI Semiconducting graphene nanostrips with edge disorder SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; TRANSPORT; STATE AB Results of calculations are presented which show that edge disorder can easily transform semiconducting graphene nanostrips into Anderson insulators. However, it is also shown that this problem could be overcome by adjusting the nanostrip aspect ratio to decrease the effects of the edge disorder without making the nanostrip so wide as to close the semiconducting band gap or so short as to allow tunneling through the band gap. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke@nrl.navy.mil; carter.white@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 14 AR 142104 DI 10.1063/1.2718515 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 154MR UT WOS:000245512200032 ER PT J AU Beausang, CW Lesher, SR Burke, JT Bernstein, LA Phair, L Ar, H Gurdal, G Ahle, L Brenner, DS Carpenter, M Clark, RM Crider, B Escher, J Fallon, P Greene, JP Hartley, DJ Hecht, AA Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO McMahan, MA Plettner, C Rohrer, J Seweryniak, D Williams, E Zhu, S AF Beausang, C. W. Lesher, S. R. Burke, J. T. Bernstein, L. A. Phair, L. Ar, H. Gurdal, G. Ahle, L. Brenner, D. S. Carpenter, M. Clark, R. M. Crider, B. Escher, J. Fallon, P. Greene, J. P. Hartley, D. J. Hecht, A. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lee, I. Y. Lister, C. J. Macchiavelli, A. O. McMahan, M. A. Plettner, C. Rohrer, J. Seweryniak, D. Williams, E. Zhu, S. TI New results on fission cross sections in actinide nuclei using the surrogate ratio method and on conversion coefficients in triaxial strongly deformed bands in Lu-167 from ice ball and Gammasphere SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics CY SEP 04-10, 2006 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP ORTEC AMETEK Grp ID WOBBLING MODE; NEUTRON; ISOTOPES AB The surrogate ratio technique is described. New results for neutron induced fission cross sections on actinide nuclei, obtained using this technique are presented. The results benchmark the surrogate ratio technique and indicate that the method is accurate to within 5% over a wide energy range. New results for internal conversion coefficients in triaxial strongly deformed bands in Lu-167 are also presented. C1 Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT USA. Clark Univ, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Beausang, CW (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013; Williams, Elizabeth/D-3442-2014; Burke, Jason/I-4580-2012; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1535 EP 1546 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 166SN UT WOS:000246400400058 ER PT J AU Hardy, DR Rath, BB Marder, J AF Hardy, Dennis R. Rath, Bhakta B. Marder, James TI Powering the future - Advanced coal combustion technologies SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hardy, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.marder@asminternational.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD APR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 4 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 156PL UT WOS:000245661300005 ER PT J AU Smith, B Leard, CA Smith, TC Reed, RJ Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Besa Leard, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Reed, Robert J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Anthrax vaccination in the millennium cohort - Validation and measures of health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; MILITARY SERVICE; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS; ARMED-FORCES; ERA VETERANS; SELF-REPORT; SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: In 1998, the United States Department of Defense initiated the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program. Concerns about vaccine-related adverse health effects followed, prompting several studies. Although some studies used self-reported vaccination data, the reliability of such data has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported anthrax vaccination to electronic vaccine records among a large military cohort and to evaluate the relationship between vaccine history and health outcome data. Methods: Between September 2005 and February 2006 self-reported anthrax vaccination was compared to electronic records for 67,018 participants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study between 2001 and 2003 using kappa statistics. Multivariable modeling investigated vaccination concordance as it pertains to subjective health (functional status) and objective health (hospitalization) metrics. Results: Greater than substantial agreement (kappa=0.80) was found between self-report and electronic recording of anthrax vaccination. Of all participants with electronic documentation of anthrax vaccination, 98% self-reported being vaccinated; and of all participants with no electronic record of vaccination, 90% self-reported not receiving a vaccination. There were no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants in overall measures of health. Only the subset of participants who self-reported anthrax vaccination, but had no electronic confirmation, differed from others in the cohort, with consistently lower measures of health as indicated by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V) scores. Conclusions: These results indicate that military members accurately recall their anthrax vaccinations. Results also suggest that anthrax vaccination among Millennium Cohort participants is not associated with self-reported health problems or broad measures of health problems severe enough to require hospitalization. Service members who self-report vaccination with no electronic documentation of vaccination, however, report lower measures of physical and mental health and deserve further research. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, B (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Besa@nhrc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.015 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 155FH UT WOS:000245562800013 PM 17383567 ER PT J AU Raja, NU Holman, DH Wang, DH Raviprakash, K Juompan, LY Deitz, SB Luo, M Zhang, JH Porter, KR Dong, JY AF Raja, Nicholas U. Holman, David H. Wang, Danher Raviprakash, Kanakatte Juompan, Laure Y. Deitz, Stephen B. Luo, Min Zhang, Jianghui Porter, Kevin R. Dong, John Y. TI Induction of bivalent immune responses by expression of dengue virus type 1 and type 2 antigens from a single complex adenoviral vector SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; VACCINE CANDIDATES; RHESUS MACAQUES; EBOLA-VIRUS; DOMAIN-III; PROTEIN; MICE AB There are approximately 100 million new cases of dengue (DEN) virus infection each year. Infection can result in illness ranging from a mild fever to hemorrhaging, shock, or even death. There are four serotypes of dengue virus (DEN1-4), and immunity to one serotype does not cross protect from infection with other serotypes. Currently there are no approved vaccines for dengue fever. In this report, we describe the construction of a bivalent dengue virus vaccine using a complex recombinant adenovirus approach to express multiple genes of DENT and DEN2 serotypes. In vaccinated mice, this vector induced humoral immune responses against all four dengue serotypes as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the neutralizing antibody responses were specific for DENT and DEN2 serotypes. Expansion of this vaccine development platform towards the DEN3 and DEN4 serotypes can lead towards the development of an adenovirus-based tetravatent dengue vaccine. C1 GenPhar Inc, Div Biodef Vaccines, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dong, JY (reprint author), GenPhar Inc, Div Biodef Vaccines, 871 Lowcountry Blvd, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464 USA. EM dongj@genphar.com RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 FU PHS HHS [R43A153049-01] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 BP 743 EP 751 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 155UV UT WOS:000245604800027 PM 17426182 ER PT J AU Chavez, RB Levitsky, S AF Chavez, Rebecca Bill Levitsky, Steven TI Argentine democracy: The politics of institutional weakness. SO AMERICAS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chavez, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD AMER FRANCISCAN HIST PI WEST BETHESDA PA BOX 34440, WEST BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA SN 0003-1615 J9 AMERICAS JI Americas PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1353/tam.2007.0059 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 163MJ UT WOS:000246163600032 ER PT J AU Ayala, MA Patterson, MB Bach, KK AF Ayala, Marco A. Patterson, Matthew B. Bach, Kevin K. TI Late displacement of a Montgomery thyroplasty implant following endotracheal intubation SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway complication; endotracheal intubation; Montgomery implant; thyroplasty; vocal fold implant ID SURGERY AB Objectives: We document a late displacement of a thyroplasty implant following endotracheal intubation. Methods: A 66-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of breathy dysphonia immediately following an elective inguinal hernia repair under general endotracheal anesthesia. The patient's medical history was significant for a medialization laryngoplasty with a Montgomery implant 14 years earlier. Results: Examination and computed tomographic scanning of the neck confirmed displacement of the implant. The patient underwent revision medialization laryngoplasty with successful restoration of his voice quality. Conclusions: This case report illustrates a potential complication of endotracheal intubation in patients who have previously undergone vocal fold medialization procedures. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ayala, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 116 IS 4 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 159CV UT WOS:000245843900006 PM 17491524 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Latour, C Lucas, C Colina, O Ringwald, P Picot, S AF Bacon, David J. Latour, Christine Lucas, Carmen Colina, Olga Ringwald, Pascal Picot, Stephane TI Comparison of a SYBR green I-based assay with a histidine-rich protein II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for in vitro antimalarial drug efficacy testing and application to clinical isolates SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHLOROQUINE SENSITIVITY; MALARIA; FRESH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAMEROON; PARASITES; VIVAX AB In vitro drug susceptibility testing with the malaria parasite has been used to assess the antimalarial activities of new compounds and to monitor drug resistance in field isolates. We investigated the validity of a SYBR green I fluorescent-based assay under various culture conditions and compared the assay results to those of previously published histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Reference strains of Plasmodium falciparum were cultured in vitro by using standard conditions in complete medium with and without phenol red before they were dispensed into 96-well plates predosed with chloroquine, mefloquine, or quinine. Following incubation, the culture supernatants were divided and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were determined by using a SYBR green I-based method and the HRPII capture ELISA method. There were no significant differences in IC50 values when phenol red was included in the medium. The IC(50)s and the IC(90)s of the antimalarials tested by both methods were similar or identical for each of the reference strains. Fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum collected from imported cases of malaria in Lyon, France, were tested for in vitro resistance to chloroquine and mefloquine by using the validated SYBR green I and HRPII ELISA methods. The SYBR green I-based method was able to calculate IC50 and IC90 values similar or identical to those calculated by the HRPII assay with fresh clinical samples without removal of white blood cells. The SYBR green I-based method for determination of drug sensitivity levels produced results comparable to those produced by other methods, showing that this method can be used routinely to conduct surveillance for drug resistance in P. falciparum with fresh or cultured parasites. C1 Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, Lima, Peru. Univ Lyon 1, EA3732, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. WHO, Global Malaria Programme, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), USN, Parasitol Program, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM bacon@nmrcd.med.navy.mil RI picot, stephane/F-5973-2014 OI picot, stephane/0000-0002-5735-6759 NR 28 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1178 DI 10.1128/AAC.01313-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 153FD UT WOS:000245416500007 PM 17220424 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C AF Feuillade, C. TI Rapid computation of acoustic impulse scattering for rough penetrable surfaces SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE seafloor scattering; time domain; density contrast wedge; rapid computation ID DENSITY CONTRAST WEDGE AB Chu's theory for the impulse response of a point source to an isovelocity density contrast wedge [Chu D. Impulse response of density contrast wedge using normal coordinates. J Acoust Soc Am 1989-86:1883-96] enables wedge-assemblage rough surface scattering models to be extended to a broad range of penetrable seafloors, but is computationally intensive since it necessitates finding the multifold roots of a characteristic eigenvalue equation, and summing a power series, for each wedge apex. This present work considers the properties and relationships of the direct, reflected, and diffracted field components of a density contrast wedge. In particular, an analysis of the physical origin and behavior of diffractions associated with specular reflections of the source in the wedge faces leads to a simple extension of the Biot-Tolstoy theory [Biot MA, Tolstoy I. Formulation of wave propagation in infinite media by normal coordinates with an application to diffraction. J Acoust Soc Am 1957;29:381-91] to density contrast wedges with reflectivity vertical bar R vertical bar < 1, for wedge angles within the range 150 less than or similar to 0(w) less than or similar to 210 degrees, where the diffractions are predominantly associated with a single reflection in each wedge face. This facilitates rapid time domain calculations of acoustic bottom scattering and penetration for complex multilayered seafloors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cf@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD APR PY 2007 VL 68 IS 4 BP 437 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.02.007 PG 21 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 133QQ UT WOS:000244027900005 ER PT J AU Kass, ME Crawford, JM Bennett, B Cox, TM Grimes, MM LiVolsi, V Fletcher, CDM Wilkinson, DS AF Kass, Mary E. Crawford, James M. Bennett, Betsy Cox, Teresa M. Grimes, Margaret M. LiVolsi, Virginia Fletcher, Christopher D. M. Wilkinson, David S. TI Adequacy of pathology resident training for employment - A survey report from the Future of Pathology task group SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Pathology-Chairs CY JUL 28, 2005 CL Mt Tremblant, CANADA SP Assoc Pathol Chairs ID UNIVERSITY-OF-PITTSBURGH; ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY; CLINICAL PATHOLOGY; LABORATORY MEDICINE; CURRICULUM CONTENT; GRADUATED RESPONSIBILITY; SURGICAL PATHOLOGY; PHYSICIAN SECTION; INFORMATICS; COMPETENCE AB Context.-The recent change in accreditation requirements for anatomic pathology and clinical pathology residency training from 5 to 4 years and the rapid advances in technologies for pathology services have sparked a renewed debate over the adequacy of pathology residency training. In particular, perceived deficiencies in training have been declared from a variety of sources, both in the form of recent editorial opinions and from surveys of community hospital pathologist employers in 1998, 2003, and 2005 by Dr Richard Horowitz. Objective.-To obtain more comprehensive data on the perceptions of strengths and weaknesses in pathology residency training. Design.-The College of American Pathologists conducted a survey of potential pathology employers (senior College of American Pathologists members, members designated as head of group, and members of the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology). Also surveyed were recent graduates of pathology residency programs, who were identified as being junior members of the College of American Pathologists, were recent recipients of certification from the American Board of Pathology, or were contacted through their directors of pathology residency programs. Results.-There were 559 employer respondents, of whom 384 were responsible for hiring and/or supervising new pathologists. There were 247 recent graduates of pathology residency training programs who responded. From the employers' standpoint, the majority expressed overall satisfaction with recent graduates, but almost one third of employers indicated that new hires had a major deficiency in a critical area. Specific areas of deficiency were clinical laboratory management and judgment in ordering special stains and studies. In addition, one half of employers agreed that more guidance and support for newly trained pathologists is needed now than was required 10 years ago. Academic employers generally were more satisfied than private sector employers. Newly trained pathologists did not appear to be inappropriately overconfident in their abilities. In addition, their perceptions of those specific areas in which they are most and least prepared are very similar to the ratings provided by employers. On average, newly trained pathologists' ratings of their own preparedness are highest for specific aspects of general pathology and anatomic pathology, and lowest for specific aspects of clinical pathology and administration. In selecting new pathologists, employers perceived medical knowledge and interpersonal skills as the most important discriminating applicant characteristics. When new employees were asked why they thought they were offered their position, the discriminating qualifications cited most often were academic background and training, as well as completion of a fellowship and subspecialty training. Conclusions.-It is our hope that the results of this survey can be used as input for further discussions and recommendations for training of pathology residents so as to further advance the ability of pathologists to provide quality patient care upon their graduation from training. C1 Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Amer Board Pathol, Tampa, FL USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kass, ME (reprint author), POB 1185, Carefree, AZ 85377 USA. EM maryekass@aol.com NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 131 IS 4 BP 545 EP 555 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 155WY UT WOS:000245610500009 PM 17425382 ER PT J AU Larsen, JA Roe, ES Albert, CE Descour, AS McMillan, RS Gleason, AE Jedicke, R Block, M Bressi, TH Cochran, KC Gehrels, T Montani, JL Perry, ML Read, MT Scotti, JV Tubbiolo, AF AF Larsen, Jeffrey A. Roe, Eric S. Albert, C. Elise Descour, Anne S. McMillan, Robert S. Gleason, Arianna E. Jedicke, Robert Block, Miwa Bressi, Terrence H. Cochran, Kim C. Gehrels, Tom Montani, Joseph L. Perry, Marcus L. Read, Michael T. Scotti, James V. Tubbiolo, Andrew F. TI The search for distant objects in the solar system using spacewatch SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt; minor planets; asteroids; solar system : formation; surveys ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; 2003 VB12 SEDNA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERED DISK; OORT CLOUD; ORBITAL DISTRIBUTION; STELLAR ENCOUNTERS; SKY SURVEY; EARTH AB We have completed a low-inclination ecliptic survey for distant and slow-moving bright objects in the outer solar system. This survey used data taken over 34 months by the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project based at Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak. Spacewatch revisits the same sky area every three to seven nights in order to track cohorts of main-belt asteroids. This survey used a multiple-night detection scheme to extend our rate sensitivity to as low as 0.012 arcsec hr(-1). When combined with our plate scale and flux sensitivity (V approximate to 21), this survey was sensitive to Mars-sized objects out to 300 AU and Jupiter-sized planets out to 1200 AU. The survey covered approximately 8000 deg(2) of raw sky, mostly within 10 degrees of the ecliptic but away from the Galactic center. An automated motion-detection program was modified for this multinight search and processed approximately 2 terabytes of imagery into motion candidates. This survey discovered 2003 MW12, currently the tenth largest classical Kuiper Belt object. In addition, several known large Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs were detected, and the detections were used with a model of our observational biases to make population estimates as a check on our survey efficiency. We found no large objects at low inclinations despite having sufficient sensitivity in both flux and rate to see them out as far as 1200 AU. For low inclinations, we can rule out more than one to two Pluto-sized objects out to 100 AU and one to two Mars-sized objects to 200 AU. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Larsen, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM larsen@usna.edu; m065796@usna.edu; albert@usna.edu; adescour@lpl.arizona.edu; bob@lpl.arizona.edu NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1247 EP 1270 DI 10.1086/511155 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 154YF UT WOS:000245543700006 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Rich, NB AF Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. Rich, N. B. TI Coronal pseudostreamers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; POLAR PLUMES; WHITE-LIGHT; JETS; STREAMERS; HOLES; EVOLUTION AB In a recent study of the 2006 solar eclipse, we noted that there are two kinds of coronal streamers: "helmet streamers,'' which separate coronal holes of opposite magnetic polarity, and "pseudostreamers,'' which overlie twin loop arcades and separate holes of the same polarity. It is well known that the heliospheric plasma and current sheets represent the outward extension of helmet streamers. Using white-light data from the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), we here show that pseudostreamers likewise have plasma sheet extensions, across which the polarity does not reverse; these multiple sheets contribute significantly to the brightness of the K corona, although their internal densities tend to be lower than those in the heliospheric plasma sheet. We use current-free extrapolations of photospheric field measurements to simulate the observed brightness patterns in the outer corona, including the contributions of both helmet streamer and pseudostreamer plasma sheets. Running-difference images show that pseudostreamers are relatively quiescent, resembling large-scale plumes; preliminary analysis suggests flow speeds as high as 200 km s(-1) at heliocentric distances of only similar to 3 R-circle plus, supporting the prediction ( based on their low flux tube divergence rates) that pseudostreamers are sources of fast solar wind. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; nathan.rich@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 1340 EP 1348 DI 10.1086/511416 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900055 ER PT J AU Lin, J Li, J Forbes, TG Ko, YK Raymond, JC Vourlidas, A AF Lin, J. Li, J. Forbes, T. G. Ko, Y. -K. Raymond, J. C. Vourlidas, A. TI Features and properties of coronal mass ejection/flare current sheets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffusion; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; turbulence ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; ACTIVE-REGION; ACCELERATION; SIMULATION; SPECTRA; FLARES; LINES AB Solar eruptions occur when magnetic energy is suddenly converted into heat and kinetic energy by magnetic reconnection in a current sheet ( CS). It is often assumed that CSs are too thin to be observable because the electric resistivity n(e) in CSs is taken to be very small. In this work, we show the implications for the CS thickness d estimated from observations of three eruptions by the UVCS and the LASCO experiments on SOHO. We infer the effective n(e) causing the rapid reconnection, which predicts much faster reconnection in a thick CS than that caused by the classical and anomalous resistivities. We find that in these events CSs are observable and have extremely large values of d and n(e), implying that large-scale turbulence is operating within CSs. We also discuss the properties of the so-called hyperresistivity caused by the tearing mode and the relation to our results. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, China Yunnan Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, China Yunnan Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Peoples R China. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 27 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/515568 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BF UT WOS:000245406000014 ER PT J AU Hajian, AR Movit, SM Trofimov, D Balick, B Terzian, Y Knuth, KH Granquist-Fraser, D Huyser, KA Jalobeanu, A McIntosh, D Jaskot, AE Palen, S Panagia, N AF Hajian, Arsen R. Movit, Steven M. Trofimov, Denis Balick, Bruce Terzian, Yervant Knuth, Kevin H. Granquist-Fraser, Domhnull Huyser, Karen A. Jalobeanu, Andre McIntosh, Dawn Jaskot, Anne E. Palen, Stacy Panagia, Nino TI An atlas of [N II] and [O III] images and spectra of planetary nebulae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; planetary nebulae : general ID EXPANSION; DISTANCE AB We present an atlas of Hubble Space Telescope images and ground-based, long-slit, narrowband spectra centered on the 6584 8 line of [N II] and the 5007 8 line of [O III]. The spectra were obtained for a variety of slit positions across each target (as shown on the images) in an effort to account for nonspherical nebular geometries in a robust manner. We have extended the prolate ellipsoidal shell model originally devised by Aaquist, Zhang, and Kwok to generate synthetic images, as well as long-slit spectra. Using this model, we have derived basic parameters for the subsample of PNe that present ellipsoidal appearances and regular kinematic patterns. We find differences between our parameters for the target PNe as compared to those of previous studies, which we attribute to increased spatial resolution for our image data and the inclusion of kinematic data in the model fits. The data and analysis presented in this paper can be combined with detections of nebular angular expansion rates to determine precise distances to the PN targets. C1 USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, QSS Grp Inc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Educ Assoc, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. ULP, Ecole Natl Super Phys Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7005,LSIIT, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Williams Coll, Dept Astron, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2007 VL 169 IS 2 BP 289 EP 327 DI 10.1086/511767 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BB UT WOS:000245405600006 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MC Karovska, M Pavlov, GG Zavlin, VE Clarke, T AF Weisskopf, M. C. Karovska, M. Pavlov, G. G. Zavlin, V. E. Clarke, T. TI Chandra observations of neutron stars: an overview SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray astronomy; neutron stars; SNR; crab pulsar; vela pulsar; IC443; B1509-58; 1E 1207.4-5209; SNR 292.0+1.8; 3C58; SNR 1987A; RX J1856.5-3754 ID PULSAR WIND NEBULA; X-RAY-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA REMNANT G292.0+1.8; CRAB-NEBULA; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; XMM-NEWTON; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3C 58; 1E-1207.4-5209; ABSORPTION AB We present an overview of Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of neutron stars. The outstanding spatial and spectral resolution of this great observatory have allowed for observations of unprecedented clarity and accuracy. Many of these observations have provided new insights into neutron star physics. We present an admittedly biased and overly brief review of these observations, highlighting some new discoveries made possible by the Observatory's unique capabilities. This includes our analysis of recent multiwavelength observations of the putative pulsar and its pulsar-wind nebula in the IC443 SNR. C1 Smithsonian Astrophy Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. EM martin@smoker.msfc.nasa.gov; karovska@head.cfa.harvard.edu; pavlov@astro.psu.edu; slava.zavlin@nsstc.nasa.gov; tracy.clarke@nrl.navy.mil NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9322-1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 166BC UT WOS:000246351000021 ER PT J AU Jones, JA Mccarten, M Manuel, K Djojonegoro, B Murray, J Feiversen, A Wear, M AF Jones, Jeffrey A. Mccarten, Michael Manuel, Keith Djojonegoro, Baby Murray, Jocelyn Feiversen, Al Wear, Mary TI Cataract formation mechanisms and risk in aviation and space crews SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cataracts; spaceflight; aviator; oxidative damage; ionizing radiation; occupational exposure ID ACCELERATED HEAVY-PARTICLES; RADIATION-INDUCED CATARACT; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACTS; AGE-RELATED CATARACT; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; VITAMIN-E; INFRARED RADIATION; RAT LENS; UV-B AB Induction of cataracts by occupational exposure in flight crew has been an important topic of interest in aerospace medicine over the past 5 yr, in association with numerous reports of flight-associated disease incidences. Due to numerous confounding variables, it has been difficult to determine whether there is increased cataract risk directly caused by interaction with the flight environment, specifically associated with added radiation exposure during flight. Military aviator records from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and U.S. Navy (USN) and U.S. astronauts at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center were evaluated for the presence, location, and age of diagnosis of cataracts. Military aviators with cataracts were found to have a younger average age at onset of their cataracts compared with astronauts with cataracts, however the prevalence of cataracts was found to be higher in astronauts than in military aviators. U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy aviators' cataracts were most commonly located in the posterior subcapsular region of the lens while astronauts' cataracts were most likely to originate in the cortical zone. A prospective clinical trial which controls for confounding variables in examination technique, cataract classification, diet, exposure, and pharmacological intervention is needed to determine what percentage of the risk for cataracts is due to radiation, and how to best develop countermeasures to protect flight crews from radiation bioeffects in the future. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN Acad, Med Corps, Houston, TX USA. Kelsey Seybold Clin, Houston, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Houston, TX USA. RP Jones, JA (reprint author), SD Space Med & Hlth Care Syst, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Jeffrey.a.jones@nasa.gov NR 155 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 SU S BP A56 EP A66 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 157TU UT WOS:000245744700010 PM 17511300 ER PT J AU Pisacane, VL Kuznetz, LH Locan, JS Clark, JB Wissler, EH AF Pisacane, Vincent L. Kuznetz, Lawrence H. Locan, James S. Clark, Johnathan B. Wissler, Eugene H. TI Thermoregulatory models of space shuttle and space station activities SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE space physiology; thermoregulation; modeling; Shuttle Space Station; astronauts; ACES ID COOLING GARMENT; SUIT AB Background: Thermoregulation is critical for survival in space, especially during contingencies demanding of human cognitive and physical performance. A review of the negative feedback human thermoregulatory system is provided. The Advanced Crew Escape Suit is worn by astronauts during ascent and descent on the Space Shuttle to provide active cooling for nominal and contingency operations and protection from loss of cabin pressure mishaps. Failure of a thermal system control element during a recent Shuttle flight resulted in a single point failure that could have elevated cabin temperature, possibly resulting in cognitive deficits of the pilot during the reentry and landing phases. Methods: The efficacy of the existing cooling equipment and procedures for maintaining crew thermal comfort in the event of such a failure was assessed. The Wissler and 41-node thermoregulatory models were used to conduct a parametric study of Shuttle cabin temperatures and resulting thermal effects on crew. Results: Under high metabolic loads, crew-member core temperatures and heat storage are shown to increase beyond allowable limits using this analysis. Resulting levels of thermal stress may exceed standardized limits, after which cognitive performance and manual tracking ability are diminished. Discussion: The operational procedure for entry and landing during this failure scenario may result in significant thermal compromise to crewmembers, including cognitive and manual performance deficits. Revision of the flight rule governing crew actions during compromise of cabin thermal control has been undertaken to minimize thermal stress on returning Shuttle crewmembers. Modifications to the crew thermal protection system for the Shuttle are suggested. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Occupat Med Branch, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kuznetz, LH (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA, JSC, Houston, TX USA. EM pisacane@usna.edu; lawrence.h.kuznetz@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 SU S BP A48 EP A55 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 157TU UT WOS:000245744700009 PM 17511299 ER PT J AU Royt, PW Honeychuck, RV Pant, RR Rogers, ML Asher, LV Lloyd, JR Carlos, WE Belkin, HE Patwardhan, S AF Royt, Paulette W. Honeychuck, Robert V. Pant, Ramesh R. Rogers, Magnus L. Asher, Ludmila V. Lloyd, John R. Carlos, W. E. Belkin, Harvey E. Patwardhan, Swati TI Iron- and 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline-containing periplasmic inclusion bodies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A chemical analysis SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; periplasmic inclusion bodies; iron; Pseudomonas quinolone signal; pseudan; 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline; HAQ; PQS ID TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; QUINOLONE SIGNAL PQS; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; BACTERIAL-CELL; PROKARYOTES; CHELATOR AB Dark aggregated particles were seen on pellets of iron-rich, mid-logarithmic phase Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Transmission electron microscopy of these cells showed inclusion bodies in periplasmic vacuoles. Aggregated particles isolated from the spent medium of these cells contained iron as indicated by atomic absorption spectroscopy and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that revealed Fe3+. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis of whole cells revealed the presence of iron-containing particles beneath the surface of the cell, indicating that the isolated aggregates were the intracellular inclusion bodies. Collectively, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the isolated inclusion bodies revealed the presence of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline which is the Pseudomonas quinolone signaling compound (PQS) and an iron chelator; 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (pseudan VII), which is an iron chelator, antibacterial compound and precursor of PQS; 4-hydroxy-2-nonylquinoline (pseudan IX) which is an iron chelator and antibacterial compound; 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (pseudan I), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonylquinoline N-oxide. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Mol & Microbiol Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIDDK, DHHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Royt, PW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Mol & Microbiol Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM proyt@gmu.edu OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.10.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 154RT UT WOS:000245525900006 PM 17126377 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Mastering the mess SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Innovat & Informat Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1145/1232743.1232763 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 153LA UT WOS:000245434800009 ER PT J AU Wood, DP Murphy, J Center, K Mclay, R Reeves, D Pyne, J Shilling, R Wiederhold, BK AF Wood, Dennis Patrick Murphy, Jennifer Center, Kristy McLay, Robert Reeves, Dennis Pyne, Jeff Shilling, Russell Wiederhold, Brenda K. TI Combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report using virtual reality exposure therapy with physiological monitoring SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID VIETNAM VETERANS; PTSD; DEPRESSION AB The current report summarizes a case study from an Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded project to compare the effects of virtual reality graded exposure therapy (VRGET) with cognitive behavioral group therapy in active-duty corpsmen. Details of the collaborative program between the Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC) and Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD) will be discussed. C1 Virtual Real Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Clinvest, Springfield, MO USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Healthcare Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wood, DP (reprint author), Virtual Real Med Ctr, 6160 Cornerstone CE 155, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM dpwcapt@aol.com NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD APR PY 2007 VL 10 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1089/cpb.2006.9951 PG 7 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 163WD UT WOS:000246193000023 PM 17474853 ER PT J AU Alonso-Meijide, JM Carreras, F Fiestras-Janeiro, MG Owen, G AF Alonso-Meijide, J. M. Carreras, F. Fiestras-Janeiro, M. G. Owen, G. TI A comparative axiomatic characterization of the Banzhaf-Owen coalitional value SO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cooperative game; Banzhaf value; coalition structure; coalitional value ID MULTILINEAR EXTENSION; COLEMAN INDEX; GAMES; SHAPLEY AB A compact axiomatic characterization of the modified Banzhaf value for games with a coalition structure (Banzhaf-Owen value, for short) is provided. The axiomatic system used here can be compared with parallel axiomatizations of other coalitional values such as the Owen value or the Alonso-Fiestras value, thus giving arguments to defend the use of one of them that will depend on the context where they are to be applied. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept State & Operat Res, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Sci Lugo, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Vigo, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Vigo, Spain. Univ Vigo, Fac Econ, Vigo, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alonso-Meijide, JM (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept State & Operat Res, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM meijide@lugo.usc.es RI Alonso-Meijide, Jose M.-/K-8690-2014; FIESTRAS-JANEIRO, MARIA GLORIA/L-3094-2014 OI FIESTRAS-JANEIRO, MARIA GLORIA/0000-0002-2705-0601 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9236 EI 1873-5797 J9 DECIS SUPPORT SYST JI Decis. Support Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1016/j.dss.2006.11.008 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 162AA UT WOS:000246057300002 ER PT J AU Uebelhoer, NS Bogle, MA Stewart, B Arndt, KA Dover, JS AF Uebelhoer, Nathan S. Bogle, Melissa A. Stewart, Brigitte Arndt, Kenneth A. Dover, Jeffrey S. TI A split-face comparison study of pulsed 532-nm KTP laser and 595-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of facial telangiectasias and diffuse telangiectatic facial erythema SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PORT-WINE STAIN; NM LASER; IMPROVE; LESIONS AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pulsed 595 nm and 532 nm lasers can effectively diminish or eliminate facial telangiectasia. We performed a split-face, single-blind, controlled, comparison study in an effort to determine their individual and comparative efficacy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients were treated using a 595-nm PDL on one side of the face and a pulsed 532-nm potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser on the other. Each subject was evaluated at 3 weeks after three treatments. RESULTS Both devices improved telangiectasia. The 532-nm device, however, was at least as effective or more effective than the 595-nm laser in all subjects. On average, the KTP laser achieved 62% clearing after the first treatment and 85% clearing 3 weeks after the third treatment, compared to 49% and 75% for the PDL, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of KTP laser-treated patients continued to have swelling for greater than 1 day versus 71% of PDL-treated patients. Of those patients who noted persistent erythema for at least 1 day after treatment, 58% noted more erythema on the KTP laser-treated side compared to 8% on the PDL-treated side. CONCLUSIONS Both the 595-nm and the 532-nm pulsed lasers are highly effective in the treatment of facial telangiectasia and redness. The 532-nm KTP laser appears to be more effective but causes more swelling and erythema. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Div Laser Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Laser & Cosmet Surg Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Dermatol Surg & Cutaneous Oncol, Dept Dermatol, New Haven, CT USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Med, Hanover, NH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Uebelhoer, NS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Div Laser Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,106, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nsuebelhoer@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.33091.x PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 152YO UT WOS:000245398500007 PM 17430378 ER PT J AU Sumant, AV Gilbert, PUPA Grierson, DS Konicek, AR Abrecht, M Butler, JE Feygelson, T Rotter, SS Carpick, RW AF Sumant, Anirudha V. Gilbert, P. U. P. A. Grierson, David S. Konicek, Andrew R. Abrecht, Mike Butler, James E. Feygelson, Tatyana Rotter, Shlomo S. Carpick, Robert W. TI Surface composition, bonding, and morphology in the nucleation and growth of ultra-thin, high quality nanocrystalline diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE nanocrystalline diamond; XANES; AFM; nucleation ID BIAS-ENHANCED NUCLEATION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; SILICON; MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITION AB The morphology, composition, and bonding character (carbon hybridization state) of continuous, ultra-thin (thickness similar to 60 nm) nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) membranes are reported. NCD films were deposited on a silicon substrate that was pretreated using an optimized, two-step seeding process. The surface after each of the two steps, the as-grown NCD topside and the NCD underside (revealed by etching away the silicon substrate) is examined by X-ray PhotoElectron Emission spectroMicroscopy (X-PEEM) combined with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The first step in the seeding process, a short exposure to a hydrocarbon plasma, induces the formation of SiC at the diamond/Si interface along with a thin, uniform layer of hydrogenated, amorphous carbon on top. This amorphous carbon layer allows for a uniform, dense layer of nanodiamond seed particles to be spread over the substrate in the second step. This facilitates the growth of a homogeneous, continuous, smooth, and highly sp(3) -bonded NCD film. We show for the first time that the underside of this film possesses atomic-scale smoothness (RMS roughness: 0.3 nm) and > 98% diamond content, demonstrating the effectiveness of the two-step seeding method for diamond film nucleation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20003 USA. Appl Diamonds, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Carpick, RW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM carpick@engr.wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099 NR 31 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.12.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200012 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Wrobel, F Petitfils, A Butler, JE AF Benabdesselam, M. Iacconi, P. Wrobel, F. Petitfils, A. Butler, J. E. TI Characterization of B-doped polycrystalline diamond films using thermally stimulated luminescence SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE thermoluminescence; CVD diamond; boron; impurity incorporation ID GLOW-CURVE DECONVOLUTION; BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS; RADIATION DETECTORS; SYNTHETIC DIAMONDS; THERMOLUMINESCENCE AB The effect of different rates of boron incorporation during the growth in diamond on the thermoluminescence (TL) features of this material is investigated. TL studies performed between liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) and 320 K show some phosphorescence and two other peaks at 226 and 266 K. For the first time, boron level in polycrystalline diamond films was identified by TL by an intense glow peak at 226 K and activation energy of about 0.35 eV. For this main peak, spectral analysis shows a prominent broad band luminescence peaking at 2.56 eV. At 77 K, another emission band was observed at 2.22 eV. This is in agreement with the fact that the recombination mechanisms involve two different recombination centers and, therefore, phosphorescence at 77 K and the main peak at 226 K are of different nature, i.e. the TL peak at 226 K is due to boron while phosphorescence is hence, probably due to a shallow donor level. The behavior of TL intensity relative to the main component at 226 K observed on all the films and linked to boron level decreases with increasing boron concentration. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nice, Lab Phys Elect Solides, CRESA, EA 1174, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice, Lab Phys Elect Solides, CRESA, EA 1174, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. EM ben@unice.fr RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.089 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200030 ER PT J AU Hikavyy, A Clauws, P Vanbesien, K De Visschere, P Williams, OA Daenen, M Haenen, K Butler, JE Feygelson, T AF Hikavyy, A. Clauws, P. Vanbesien, K. De Visschere, P. Williams, O. A. Daenen, M. Haenen, K. Butler, J. E. Feygelson, T. TI Atomic layer deposition of ZnO thin films on boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE ZnO; nanocrystalline diamond; ALCVD ID SAW DEVICES; EPITAXY; GROWTH AB ZnO thin films were successfully prepared on boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond NCD by means of atomic layer chemical vapour deposition. Their growth and properties are similar to the layers grown by the same technique on glass. The layers thickness can be easily monitored by the number of precursors pulses. The ZnO layers are uniform and have perfect adhesion to NCD. Electrical measurements show that there is no current rectification if highly doped NCD and low resistance ALCVD ZnO are used. On the contrary, a rectifying behaviour can be obtained if lightly boron-doped NCD and resistive hydrothermally prepared ZnO are used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Hasselt Univ, IMO, Inst Mat Res, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. IMEC VZW, Div IMOMEC, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hikavyy, A (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Andriy.Hikavvy@imec.be RI Daenen, Michael/A-5605-2008; Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009; Haenen, Ken/G-8783-2011; OI Daenen, Michael/0000-0002-9221-4932; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Haenen, Ken/0000-0001-6711-7367; Williams, Oliver/0000-0002-7210-3004 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.035 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200067 ER PT J AU Kubovic, M El-Haj, H Butler, JE Kohn, E AF Kubovic, M. El-Haj, H. Butler, J. E. Kohn, E. TI Diamond merged diode SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE diamond; merged diode ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE; SCHOTTKY AB To obtain high blocking voltages and low forward losses in power diode structures, a Schottky contact can be merged with a MIS contact or a pn-junction. In this configuration, the Schottky contact is responsible for a low forward threshold voltage and the MIS or pn-junction for a low reverse leakage current and a high breakdown voltage. In this study, a diamond merged diode structure has been fabricated and evaluated, containing simultaneously an Al or W:Si-Schottky contact and a boron/nitrogen pn-junction. The IV characteristics show a low forward barrier of 1.5 eV, a current rectification ratio of 10(9) at R.T., and a reverse breakdown at 2.5 MV/cm. Rectification has been obtained up to 1000 degrees C (in vacuum). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kubovic, M (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM michal.kubovic@uni-ulm.de RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 1033 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.12.060 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200078 ER PT J AU Petitfils, A Wrobel, F BenabdesselaM, M Iacconi, P Butler, JE AF Petitfils, A. Wrobel, F. BenabdesselaM, M. Iacconi, P. Butler, J. E. TI Role of TL thermal quenching in CVD diamond for medical applications SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP AIXTRON AG, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Lambda Technologies, Seki Technotron Corp DE CVD diamond; thermoluminescence; thermal quenching; Mott-Seitz theory ID GLOW CURVES; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; QUARTZ; DOSIMETER; FILMS AB The thermolummescence response in CVD diamond, related to the absorbed dose, depends on many parameters. This work points out the role of heating rate. Experiments were achieved after both UV excitations and X-ray irradiations on MWCVD diamond. The increase of heating rate results in a large shift in temperature maximum of the dosimetric peak and important thermo luminescence decrease is highlighted. Theory of Mott-Seitz was applied and good agreement was shown with experimental glow curves. The key parameter of this model, which is the thermal activation energy of non-radiative transitions W, is estimated around 0.49 eV Trapping parameters relative to the dosimetric peak were determined using "initial rise method". Taken into account corrections due to the thermal quenching a new set of parameters was then obtained. Important corrections of trapping parameters are observed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nice, LPES CRESA, Lab Phys Elect Solides,Ctr Rech Solides & Applica, EA 1174, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petitfils, A (reprint author), Univ Nice, LPES CRESA, Lab Phys Elect Solides,Ctr Rech Solides & Applica, EA 1174, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. EM aurelie.petitfils@unice.fr RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4-7 BP 1062 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.092 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 169RB UT WOS:000246608200084 ER PT J AU Strickler, JK Hawksworth, AW Myers, C Irvine, M Ryan, MAK Russell, KL AF Strickler, Jennifer K. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Myers, Christopher Irvine, Marina Ryan, Margaret A. K. Russell, Kevin L. TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness among US military basic trainees, 2005-06 season SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Virtually all US military basic trainees receive seasonal influenza vaccine. Surveillance data collected from December 2005 through March 2006 were evaluated to estimate effectiveness of the influenza vaccine at 6 US military basic training centers. Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 92% (95% confidence interval 85%-96%). C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Strickler, JK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM strickler@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 617 EP 619 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155DO UT WOS:000245558200017 PM 17553281 ER PT J AU Matthews, T Baumann, RG Domanski, TL AF Matthews, Trey Baumann, Richard G. Domanski, Tammy L. TI Analysis and characterization of staphylococcus aureus ClpB and associated Co-chaperone proteins dnaK, dnaJ and grpE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1025 EP A1025 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708702273 ER PT J AU Borer, DA Bowen, JD AF Borer, Douglas A. Bowen, James D. TI Rethinking the Cuban Embargo: An Inductive Analysis SO FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SANCTIONS C1 [Borer, Douglas A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Bowen, James D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Borer, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1743-8586 J9 FOREIGN POL ANAL-US JI Foreign Policy Anal. PD APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 127 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2007.00044.x PG 17 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA V18CI UT WOS:000207982500002 ER PT J AU Coleman, JKM Littlesunday, C Jackson, R Meyer, T AF Coleman, John K. M. Littlesunday, Cherllynn Jackson, Ronald Meyer, Thomas TI AM-111 protects against permanent hearing loss from impulse noise trauma SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pharmcological Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hearing Loss and Tinnitus CY OCT 12, 2005 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Amer Bio Hlth, Auris Med, CepTor, State Univ New York Buffalo, Col Arts & Sci, John R Oishei Fdn, Kinex Pharmaceut, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Off Naval Res, Sound Pharmaceut, Spectra Serv, Tucker Davis Technol, US Army Med Res & Mat Command DE impulse noise; acute acoustic trauma; noise-induced hearing loss; apoptosis; JNK ID HAIR CELL-DEATH; ACOUSTIC TRAUMA; SODIUM HYALURONATE; EXPOSURE; CHINCHILLA; PREVENTION; INHIBITORS; APOPTOSIS; COCHLEA; SYSTEM AB The otoprotective peptide AM-111, a cell-permeable inhibitor of JNK mediated apoptosis, was tested for its efficacy as a rescue agent following impulse noise trauma. Single dose administrations of AM-111 at 1 h or 4 h post-impulse noise exposure (155 dB peak SPL) via systemic or local routes were evaluated with a total of 48 chinchillas. The animals received the compound either by IP injection or locally onto the round window membrane (hyaluronic acid gel formulation or Osmotic mini-pump). Efficacy was determined by auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as well as cytocochleograms. Three weeks after impulse noise exposure, permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were significantly lower for AM-111 treated ears compared to controls, regardless of the drug administration route and the time point of drug delivery. Even the treatments which started 4h post-noise exposure, reduced hearing loss in the 2-8 kHz range compared to controls by up to 16-25 dB to a PTS as low as 6-17 dB, demonstrating significant protection against permanent hearing loss from impulse noise trauma. These findings suggest a key role for JNK mediated cochlear sensory cell death from oxidative stress. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lab Auris SAS, F-34830 Clapiers, France. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Naval Med Ctr Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Meyer, T (reprint author), Lab Auris SAS, Ave Europe, F-34830 Clapiers, France. EM thomas.meyer@aurismedical.com OI Meyer, Thomas/0000-0003-0839-7391 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.006 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 162UW UT WOS:000246116000008 PM 16839720 ER PT J AU Coleman, JKM Kopke, RD Liu, J Ge, X Harper, EA Jones, GE Cater, TL Jackson, RL AF Coleman, J. K. M. Kopke, R. D. Liu, J. Ge, X. Harper, E. A. Jones, G. E. Cater, T. L. Jackson, R. L. TI Pharmacological rescue of noise induced hearing loss using N-acetylcysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pharmcological Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hearing Loss and Tinnitus CY OCT 12, 2005 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Amer Bio Hlth, Auris Med, CepTor, State Univ New York Buffalo, Col Arts & Sci, John R Oishei Fdn, Kinex Pharmaceut, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Off Naval Res, Sound Pharmaceut, Spectra Serv, Tucker Davis Technol, US Army Med Res & Mat Command DE acoustic trauma; N-acetylcysteine; acetyl-L-eysteine; antioxidant; hair cells; chinchilla; noise; rescue of hearing ID CELL-DEATH; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HAIR-CELLS; EXPOSURE; APOPTOSIS; GLUTATHIONE; CHINCHILLA; ELEVATION; DEFENSES; COCHLEA AB Despite the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) and engineering changes designed to improve workspaces, noise-induced hearing loss continues to be one of the most common and expensive disabilities in the US military. Many service members suffer acoustic trauma due to improper use of HPDs, sound levels exceeding the protective capacity of the HPDs, or by unexpected, injurious exposures. In these cases, there is no definitive treatment for the hearing loss. This study investigated the use of the pharmacological agents N-acetylcysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine after acoustic trauma to treat cochlear injury. N-Acetylcysteine is an antioxidant and acetyl-L-carnitine a compound that maintains mitochondrial bio-energy and integrity. N-Acetylcysteine and acetyl-L-carnitine, respectively, significantly reduced permanent threshold shifts and hair cell loss compared to saline-treated animals when given I and 4 h post-noise exposure. It may be possible to obtain a greater therapeutic effect using these agents in combination or at higher doses or for a longer period of time to address the secondary oxidative events occurring 7-10 days after acute noise exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Hough Ear Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Jackson, RL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rjackson@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 48 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2006.08.008 PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 162UW UT WOS:000246116000011 PM 17023129 ER PT J AU Luc, K Jansen, RW Kersten, PR Fiedler, RL AF Luc, K. Jansen, R. W. Kersten, P. R. Fiedler, R. L. TI A novel method for removal of emitter noise in SAR images SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE emitter interference; joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA); noise removal; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) AB Traditionally, interfering emitter signatures have been removed through notched filtering in the range (fast-time) dimension. This works well when a narrowband emitter interferes with a wideband radar pulse; however, when the emitter and radar signal bandwidths are comparable, then this approach fails since the noise is distributed throughout the pulse and the image as well. In cases where the interfering signal is localized in the cross range, joint time-frequency methods can often focus this interference signal, thereby transforming the image. In this transformed image, the interferer is the foreground, and the desired synthetic aperture radar image is blurred and now the background. The focused compressed interferer can be analyzed and censored from the transformed image. Back transformation restores the image with the interference removed. This technique has been fully automated and applied to an Electromagnetics Institute Synthetic Aperture Radar (EMISAR) image contaminated by a nonstationary emitter. The cleansed image is virtually free of the emitter interference. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luc, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.luc@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2006.890541 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 161RR UT WOS:000246033900016 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, AC Chin-Bing, SA King, DB Hawkins, JA Lamb, KG Lynch, JF AF Warn-Varnas, Alex C. Chin-Bing, Stanley A. King, David B. Hawkins, James A. Lamb, Kevin G. Lynch, James F. TI Winter PRIMER ocean-acoustic solitary wave modeling studies SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE continental shelf; internal waves; mode coupling; shallow water; shelfbreak front; solitary waves; sound propagation ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; PACKETS AB In this paper, we present results from a joint oceanographic-acoustic study of solitary waves and their effects during the 1997 winter PRIMER4 experiment on the shelfbreak south of Cape Cod, MA. The study addresses the acoustic effects induced by solitary waves and associated oceanographic phenomena. Solitary wave generation and propagation simulations are produced by the Lamb model [J. Geophys. Res., vol. 99, pp. 848-864, 1994]. The model is nonhydrostatic and is formulated in 2.5 dimensions using terrain following coordinates. Acoustic field calculations are performed with a parabolic equation acoustic model along the path of solitary wave train propagation. The oceanographic model is initialized from density profiles derived from conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts using analytical functions. The model is forced with a prescribed semidiurnal tidal velocity. An ocean background current is introduced. Simulations based on parameters derived from measurements show the following: 1) internal solitary waves of elevation propagate onto the shelfbreak region; 2) opposing ocean currents enhance the formation of solitary waves at the shelfbreak; 3) deepening of the winter mixed layer results in less penetration of the solitary waves on to the shelf; 4) density structure, mixed-layer depth, tidal forcing, and ocean currents control the formation of solitary waves of elevation at the shelfbreak; 5) energy conversion, from semidiurnal barotropic to semidiurnal barcoclinic tides and to internal solitary waves, occurs; 6) amplitudes and periods of modeled solitary waves are in the range of thermistor chain measurements; and 7) lower mixed-layer densities increase the phase speed of simulated solitary waves. Acoustic field calculations are coupled to the propagation of the solitary wave packets through the sound-speed changes that are derived from the oceanographic simulations. Acoustic model predictions show signal intensity fluctuations similar to the anomalous loses in acoustic energy observed in the Yellow Sea data taken by Zhou et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 90, pp. 2042-2054, 1991]. In some cases, the presence of solitary waves on the shelf enhances the propagation of acoustic energy onto the shelf. This was observed for acoustic simulations where the acoustic source was located beyond the shelfbreak and at a depth greater than the shelf depth. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, AC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM alex.warn-varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 436 EP 452 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.875273 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 233SD UT WOS:000251109700015 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Mancini, S Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS Barron, CN AF Chu, Peter C. Mancini, Steven Gottshall, Eric L. Cwalina, David S. Barron, Charlie N. TI Sensitivity of satellite altimetry data assimilation on a weapon acoustic preset SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE antisubmarine warfare (ASW); antisurface warfare (ASUW); modular ocean data assimilation system (MODAS); satellite altimetry data; weapon acoustic preset ID MODULAR OCEAN DATA; SYSTEM MODAS; SOUND; ABSORPTION AB The purpose of this research is to assess the benefit of assimilating satellite altimeter data for naval undersea warfare. To accomplish this, sensitivity of the weapon acoustic preset program (WAPP) for the Mk 48 variant torpedo to changes in the sound-speed profile (SSP) is analyzed with SSP derived from the modular ocean data assimilation system (MODAS). The MODAS fields differ in that one uses altimeter data assimilated from three satellites while the other uses no altimeter data. The metric used to compare the two sets of outputs is the relative difference in acoustic coverage area generated by WAPP. Output presets are created for five different scenarios, two antisurface warfare (ASUW) scenarios, and three antisubmarine warfare (ASW) scenarios, in each of three regions: the East China Sea, Sea of Japan, and an area south of Japan that includes the Kuroshio currents. Analysis of the output reveals that, in some situations, WAPP output is very sensitive to the inclusion of the altimeter data because of the resulting differences in the subsurface predictions. The change in weapon presets can be so large that the effectiveness of the weapon may be affected. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Off Naval Res Global, London NW1 5TH, England. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Combat Control Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pchu@nps.edu RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 453 EP 468 DI 10.1109/JOE.2006.888869 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 233SD UT WOS:000251109700016 ER PT J AU Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K AF Picciolo, Michael L. Gerlach, Karl TI Reiterative median cascaded canceler for robust adaptive array processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES; GRAM-SCHMIDT; ALGORITHMS; RADAR AB A new robust adaptive processor based on reiterative application of the median cascaded canceler (MCC) is presented and called the reiterative median cascaded canceler (RMCC). It is shown that the RMCC processor is a robust replacement for the sample matrix inversion (SMI) adaptive processor and for its equivalent implementations. The MCC, though a robust adaptive processor, has a convergence rate that is dependent on the rank of the input interference-plus-noise covariance matrix for a given number of adaptive degrees of freedom (DOF), N. In contrast, the RMCC, using identical training data as the MCC, exhibits the highly desirable combination of: 1) convergence-robustness to outliers/targets in adaptive weight training data, like the MCC, and 2) fast convergence performance that is independent of the input interference-plus-noise covariance matrix, unlike the MCC. For a number of representative examples, the RMCC is shown to converge using similar to 2.8N samples for any interference rank value as compared with similar to 2N samples for the SMI algorithm. However, the SMI algorithm requires considerably more samples to converge in the presence of outliers/targets, whereas the RMCC does not. Both simulated data as well as measured airborne radar data from the multichannel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) space-time adaptive processing (STAP) database are used to illustrate performance improvements over SMI methods. C1 SAIC, AMO, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picciolo, ML (reprint author), SAIC, AMO, 14668 Lee Rd,MS C6-3, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM picciolo@ieee.org NR 19 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 428 EP 442 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4285344 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 209KA UT WOS:000249386200002 ER PT J AU De Maio, A Farina, A Gerilach, K AF De Maio, A. Farina, A. Gerilach, K. TI Adaptive detection of range spread targets with orthogonal rejection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED TARGETS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; PERFORMANCE; RADAR AB In this paper we consider the problem of detecting range spread targets in the presence of Gaussian disturbance with unknown covariance matrix. To this end we resort to the modified generalized likelihood ratio test (MGLRT) and devise a robust detector, the orthogonal rejection MGLRT (OR-MGLRT), capable of deciding whether some observations contain a useful target or if they contain a signal belonging to the orthogonal complement of the useful subspace. Hence we investigate the possibility of exploiting the new algorithm as the second stage of a double threshold receiving structure, obtained cascading the MGLRT and the OR-MGLRT. At the analysis stage, we assess the performance of the new double threshold decision rule, both in the matched and mismatched signal cases, also in comparison with previously proposed receivers. The results show that the new test allows for a wide range of compromises between the detection and the rejection performance. C1 Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Ingn Elettron & Telecommun, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Selex Sistemi Integrati, Rome, Italy. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Maio, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Ingn Elettron & Telecommun, Via Claudio 21, I-80125 Naples, Italy. EM ademaio@unina.it OI DE MAIO, Antonio/0000-0001-8421-3318 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 738 EP 752 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 209KA UT WOS:000249386200023 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Garven, M AF Calame, Jeffrey P. Garven, Morag TI Dielectric permittivity simulations of layered composites with rough interfacial surfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE dielectric materials; dielectric films; composite insulation; nonhomogeneous media; mixing laws; fractals; finite difference methods; ceramics ID RELAXATION AB Finite difference quasi-electrostatic simulations are used to predict the interfacial dielectric permittivity of a rough-surfaced contact zone between two distinct materials in a layered composite. Fractional Brownian surfaces, which have fractal geometry, are used to represent the rough interfaces in a model space. The interfacial simulations are combined with a macroscopic analytic model for planar dielectric layers, which allows the calculation of composite permittivity for a layered composite with an arbitrary ratio of surface roughness-to-layer thickness and arbitrary volumetric filling fractions of the constituents. Examples are given for a ceramic-polymer system, and the effects of alternate ratios of constituent dielectric permittivities and changes in surface fractal character are also explored. Compared to the behavior of composites with perfectly flat interfaces, the rough-surfaced composite exhibits a significantly earlier increase in permittivity as a function of the volumetric filling fraction of the higher permittivity material. The behavior with extremely rough surfaces tends towards the predictions of the effective medium approximation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22012 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2007.344605 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 155SR UT WOS:000245598900003 ER PT J AU Dialetis, D Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B AF Dialetis, D. Chernin, D. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Levush, B. TI An improved representation of AC space-charge fields in steady-state simulation codes for linear-beam tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE AC space charge; linear-beam tube; simulation; space-charge reduction factor AB Accurate evaluation of the ac space-charge electric field is required in order to obtain accurate predictions for linear-beam-tube performance using steady-state simulation codes. The space-charge field is commonly calculated under the assumption that the beam current density and space-charge fields are all periodic in time and locally periodic in axial distance. In this brief, it is shown by example that there are cases in which it is important, in both the small and large signal regimes, to include departures from this "local spatial periodicity" assumption. We find in the cases that we have studied that it is sufficient to keep a single additional term, proportional to the spatial derivative of the bunched beam current density, in the expression for the space-charge electric field. The resulting expression is much faster to evaluate numerically than a full convolution integral over all axial wavelengths. The improved representation is suitable for use in both small- and large-signal linear-beam simulation codes. It has been implemented and tested in the CHRISTINE large-signal TWT simulation code. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dialetis, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2007 VL 54 IS 4 BP 888 EP 892 DI 10.1109/TED.2007.891858 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 151YT UT WOS:000245327900036 ER PT J AU Squire, KM Levinson, SE AF Squire, Kevin M. Levinson, Stephen E. TI HMM-based concept learning for a mobile robot SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE developmental robotics; hidden Markov models (HMMs); hierarchical model; online learning; semantic learning ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; RECURSIVE ESTIMATION; SPEECH RECOGNITION; IDENTIFICATION; REGIME AB We are developing an intelligent robot and attempting to teach it language. While there are many aspects of this research, for the purposes here the most important are the following ideas. Language is primarily based on semantics, not syntax, which is still the focus in speech recognition research these days. To truly learn meaning, a language engine cannot simply be a computer program running on a desktop computer analyzing speech. It must be part of a more general, embodied intelligent system, one capable of using associative learning to form concepts from the perception of experiences in the world, and further capable of manipulating those concepts symbolically. In this paper, we present a general cascade model for learning concepts, and explore the use of hidden Markov models (HMMs) as part of the cascade model. HMMs are capable of automatically learning and extracting the underlying structure of continuous-valued inputs and representing that structure in the states of the model. These states can then be treated as symbolic representations of the inputs. We show how a cascade of HMMs can be embedded in a small mobile robot and used to find correlations among sensory inputs to learn a set of symbolic concepts, which are used for decision making and could eventually be manipulated linguistically. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. Univ Urbana, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Squire, KM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. EM kmsquire@nps.edu; sel@ifp.uiuc.edu NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1089-778X EI 1941-0026 J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD APR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2006.890263 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 154PA UT WOS:000245518500005 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Ottinger, Paul F. Schumer, Joseph W. TI Self-consistent modeling of power flow in a recyclable transmission line for a Z-pinch-driven IFE system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Plasma Science CY JUN, 2006 CL Traverse City, MI SP IEEE DE electron emission; energy system; inertial confinement fusion (ICF); ion emission; magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL); particle-in-cell simulation; power flow; Z-pinch ID INSULATED ELECTRON FLOW; MAGNETIC INSULATION; DIODES; IMPEDANCE; PLASMA; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB A self-consistent imploding Z-pinch-load model is coupled to a particle-in-cell simulation to study power flow in a recyclable transmission line (RTL) for a Z-pinch-driven inertial fusion energy (IFE) system. The system is driven by a voltage wave appropriate for driving the IFE target implosion when there is no particle emission from the walls of the RTL. Models for both electron. and ion emission from the RTL walls are included in the simulations to allow the study of their effects on power coupled to the load. Insight is obtained for designing an efficient IFE system which satisfies system constraints on RTL inductance and driver voltage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ottinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.892714 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 160BB UT WOS:000245910700005 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Scales, W Thomas, E Lapenta, G AF Amatucci, William E. Scales, Wayne Thomas, Edward, Jr. Lapenta, Giovanni TI Dusty plasmas in Colonial Williamsburg SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven VIB, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1109/TPS.2007.895208 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 160BE UT WOS:000245911000001 ER PT J AU Oakley, MSM Kumar, S Anantharaman, V Zheng, H Mahajan, B Haynes, JD Moch, JK Fairhurst, R McCutchan, TF Aravind, L AF Oakley, Miranda S. M. Kumar, Sanjai Anantharaman, Vivek Zheng, Hong Mahajan, Babita Haynes, J. David Moch, J. Kathleen Fairhurst, Rick McCutchan, Thomas F. Aravind, L. TI Molecular factors and biochemical pathways induced by febrile temperature in intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; GROWTH-INHIBITION; MALARIA PARASITES; MOSQUITO MIDGUT; HEMOGLOBIN-C; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS AB Intermittent episodes of febrile illness are the most benign and recognized symptom of infection with malaria parasites, although the effects on parasite survival and virulence remain unclear. In this study, we identified the molecular factors altered in response to febrile temperature by measuring differential expression levels of individual genes using high-density oligonucleotide microarray technology and by performing biological assays in asexual-stage Plasmodiuntfalciparurn parasite cultures incubated at 37 degrees C and 41 degrees C (an elevated temperature that is equivalent to malaria-induced febrile illness in the host). Elevated temperature had a profound influence on expression of individual genes; 336 of approximately 5,300 genes (6.3% of the genome) had altered expression profiles. Of these, 163 genes (49%) were upregulated by twofold or greater, and 173 genes (51%) were downregulated by twofold or greater. In-depth sensitive sequence profile analysis revealed that febrile temperature-induced responses caused significant alterations in the major parasite biologic networks and pathways and that these changes are well coordinated and intricately linked. One of the most notable transcriptional changes occurs in genes encoding proteins containing the predicted Pexel motifs that are exported into the host cytoplasm or inserted into the host cell membrane and are likely to be associated with erythrocyte remodeling and parasite sequestration functions. Using our sensitive computational analysis, we were also able to assign biochemical or biologic functional predictions for at least 100 distinct genes previously annotated as "hypothetical." We find that cultivation of P.falciparum parasites at 41 degrees C leads to parasite death in a time-dependent manner. The presence of the "crisis forms" and the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive parasites following heat treatment strongly support the notion that an apoptosis-like cell death mechanism might be induced in response to febrile temperatures. These studies enhance the possibility of designing vaccines and drugs on the basis of disruption in molecules and pathways of parasite survival and virulence activated in response to febrile temperatures. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Emerging Infect Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Sanjai.kumar@fda.hhs.gov OI Anantharaman, Vivek/0000-0001-8395-0009 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 52 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 2012 EP 2025 DI 10.1128/IAI.01236-06 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 153GY UT WOS:000245421400054 PM 17283083 ER PT J AU Mei, T Li, H Karunasiri, G Fan, WJ Zhang, DH Yoon, SF Yuan, KH AF Mei, T. Li, H. Karunasiri, G. Fan, W. J. Zhang, D. H. Yoon, S. F. Yuan, K. H. TI Normal incidence silicon doped p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector on (111)A substrate SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared photodetector; quantum well; intersubband transition ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; MULTIQUANTUM WELLS; GAAS; ABSORPTION; EPITAXY AB p-type quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) demonstrate normal incidence response due to band mixing by utilizing valence band transitions that may break the selection rule limiting n-type QWIPs. Due to even more complicated valence band structure in (111) orientation, it is interesting to see that the p-type QWIP show both absorption and photocurrent response dominant in normal incidence. The p-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP was fabricated on GaAs(111)A substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using silicon as dopant with a measured carrier concentration of 1.4 x 10(18) cm(-3). The photocurrent spectrum exhibits a peak at a wavelength of 7 mu m with a relatively broad peak width (Delta lambda/lambda(p) similar to 50%), indicating that the final state is far deep within the continuum of the valence band. The p-QWIP demonstrates a responsivity of about 1 mA/W, which is limited by the relatively low doping concentration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM ETMei@ntu.edu.sg RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008; Fan, W. J./A-5078-2011 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X; Fan, W. J./0000-0003-2662-907X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.10.025 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 169ND UT WOS:000246598000007 ER PT J AU Alves, FDP Karunasiri, G Hanson, N Byloos, M Liu, HC Bezinger, A Buchanan, M AF Alves, Fabio Durante P. Karunasiri, G. Hanson, N. Byloos, M. Liu, H. C. Bezinger, A. Buchanan, M. TI NIR, MWIR and LWIR quantum well infrared photodetector using interband and intersubband transitions SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; interband; intersubband; quantum wells; multispectral AB This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a QWIP photodetector capable of detecting simultaneously infrared radiation within near infrared (NIR), mid wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR). The NIR detection was achieved using interband transition while MWIR and LWIR were based on intersubband transition in the conduction band. The quantum well structure was designed using a computational tool developed to solve self-consistently the Schrodinger Poisson equation with the help of the shooting method. Intersubband absorption in the sample was measured for the MWIR and LWIR using Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and the measured peak positions were found at 5.3 mu m and 8.7 mu m which agree well with the theoretical values obtained 5.0 mu m and 9.0 mu m for the two infrared bands which indicates the accuracy of the self-consistent model. The photodetectors were fabricated using a standard photolithography process with exposed middle contacts to allow separate bias and readout of signals from the three wavelength bands. The measured photoresponse gave three peaks at 0.84 mu m, 5.0 mu m and 8.5 mu m wavelengths with approximately 0.5 A/W, 0.03 A/W and 0.13 A/W peak responsivities for NIR, MWIR and LWIR bands, respectively. This work demonstrates the possibility of detection of widely separated wavelength bands using interband and intersubband transitions in quantum wells. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Alves, FDP (reprint author), Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, Praca Marechal Eduardo Gomes,50,Vila Acacias, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM durante@ita.br NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.10.021 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 169ND UT WOS:000246598000017 ER PT J AU Valdivia, NP Williams, EG AF Valdivia, N. P. Williams, E. G. TI The reconstruction of surface tangential components of the electromagnetic field from near-field measurements SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHODS; LIPSCHITZ-DOMAINS; NONSMOOTH DOMAINS; HOLOGRAPHY AB We consider the problem of reconstructing the surface tangential components of the electromagnetic field from electric ( or magnetic) measurements on a nearby surface. Mathematically, the electric ( or magnetic) measurements satisfy the Maxwell system. We show that any solution to this equation admits a unique representation by a magnetic dipole, so that the problem is reduced to the solution of a linear integral equation of the first kind. This integral equation is discretized using boundary element methods and conjugate gradients are utilized as a regularization method for the numerical solution. We study uniqueness of the reconstruction and obtain stability estimates. In addition, we report numerical results applied to two cases: a sphere and a cylinder with flat end-caps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Valdivia, NP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7130, Washington, DC USA. EM valdivia@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 785 EP 798 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/23/2/018 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 160MH UT WOS:000245945100018 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Thompson, JD Movshovich, R Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Houston, B Mewes, T Pelekhov, DV Wigen, P Hammel, PC AF Nazaretski, E. Thompson, J. D. Movshovich, R. Zalalutdinov, M. Baldwin, J. W. Houston, B. Mewes, T. Pelekhov, D. V. Wigen, P. Hammel, P. C. TI Temperature-dependent magnetic resonance force microscopy studies of a thin Permalloy film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANISOTROPY AB We used magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) to study a 50 nm thick continuous Permalloy film. We mechanically measured the ferromagnetic resonance signal in the temperature range between 10 and 70 K in the presence of a static magnetic field applied normal to the surface of the film. The measurements show a decrease of the ferromagnetic resonance field with increasing temperature. We attribute this behavior to the temperature-dependent changes of the saturation magnetization. Our experiments demonstrate the potential of MRFM to perform quantitative ferromagnetic resonance measurements as a function of temperature. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evgnaz@lanl.gov RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 7 AR 074905 DI 10.1063/1.2715761 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 157AM UT WOS:000245691000096 ER PT J AU Van Liew, HD Flynn, ET AF Van Liew, H. D. Flynn, E. T. TI Commentary on Viewpoint "Heliox, nitrox, and trimix diving; hyperbaric oxygen treatment; and a flaw in Henry's law" SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC USA. RP Van Liew, HD (reprint author), 100 Goodview Way, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1721 EP 1721 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00055.2007 PG 1 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 195KG UT WOS:000248410500071 PM 17409298 ER PT J AU Feist, T AF Feist, Timothy TI War, state, and society in mid-eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland. SO JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Feist, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-9371 J9 J BRIT STUD JI J. Br. Stud. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 416 EP 418 DI 10.1086/514370 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 151KS UT WOS:000245289500025 ER PT J AU Micewski, ER Troy, C AF Micewski, Edwin R. Troy, Carmelita TI Business ethics - Deontologically revisited SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE deontological ethics; business ethics; consequentialism; utilitarianism; accounting fraud ID AGENCY THEORY; COMPENSATION AB In this paper we look at business ethics from a deontological perspective. We address the theory of ethical decision-making and deontological ethics for business executives and explore the concept of "moral duty'' as transcending mere gain and profit maximization. Two real-world cases that focus on accounting fraud as the ethical conception. Through these cases, we show that while accounting fraud - from a consequentialist perspective - may appear to provide a quick solution to a pressing problem, longer term effects of fraud and misconduct make ethical implications more apparent. Widely used compensation schemes also may have the tendency to fuel unethical behavior. We argue that an ethical reinvigoration of the business world can only be accomplished by encouraging the business realm to impose upon itself some measure of self-regulating along the lines of deontological ethics. Principles of deontology should guide executive decision-making particularly when executives are tempted to operate outside of codified legislation or are bound to act under judicial-free conditions. C1 Natl Def Acad, Inst Human & Social Sci, A-1070 Veinna, Austria. USN, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Micewski, ER (reprint author), Natl Def Acad, Inst Human & Social Sci, Stiftgasse 2A, A-1070 Veinna, Austria. EM cjtroy@nps.edu NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD APR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10551-006-9152-z PG 9 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 151DM UT WOS:000245269100002 ER PT J AU Meador, CE Parsons, MM Bopp, CA Gerner-Smidt, P Painter, JA Vora, GJ AF Meador, Carolyn E. Parsons, Michele M. Bopp, Cheryl A. Gerner-Smidt, Peter Painter, John A. Vora, Gary J. TI Virulence gene- and pandernic group-specific marker profiling of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; III SECRETION; PANDEMIC STRAINS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SEROVARS O3-K6; DNA-SEQUENCE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; EMERGENCE; PATHOGEN AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium capable of causing food- and waterborne gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. The organism has recently received increasing attention, as the emergence of a new clone, V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6, has resulted in the first documented pandemic spread of V. parahaemolyticus. We used microarray analyses to explore the presence of known virulence factors and genetic markers thought to be specific for V. parahaemolyticus 03:K6 and its clonal derivatives. Analyses of 48 human clinical isolates collected between 1997 and 2005 revealed that the V. parahaemolyticus chromosome 2 type III secretion system is not specifically associated with pandemic strains and can be found in tdh-negative (i.e., Kanagawa-negative) clinical isolates. These results highlight the genetic dynamism of V parahaemolyticus and aid in refining the genetic definition of the pandemic group members. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30,Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gvora@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1128/JCM.00042-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158GI UT WOS:000245779300009 PM 17301274 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Roussos, JA Mittereder, JA Bass, R Binari, SC Hanser, D Preble, EA Evans, KR AF Storm, D. F. Katzer, D. S. Roussos, J. A. Mittereder, J. A. Bass, R. Binari, S. C. Hanser, D. Preble, E. A. Evans, K. R. TI AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on free-standing GaN substrates: MBE growth and microwave characterization SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XIV) CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Waseda Univ DE hydride vapor phase epitaxy; molecular-beam epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DISLOCATION SCATTERING; SURFACE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TEMPLATES; GANHEMTS; FILMS AB We investigate the role of substrate temperature and gallium flux on the DC and microwave properties of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on free standing, hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN substrates. The freestanding substrates have threading dislocation densities below 10(7) cm(-2). We find that AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with excellent properties may be grown within a wide range of substrate temperatures and fluxes. Electron Hall mobilities above 1700 cm(2)/V s and sheet resistances below 370 ohm/square are typical. We are able to obtain high saturated drain currents with low gate leakage. Off-state breakdown voltages as high as 200 V with low drain and gate leakage currents have been measured. Further, we have measured microwave output power densities above 5 W/mm at 4 GHz with a power-added efficiency of 46% and an associated gain of 13.4 dB. We attribute improved electrical properties in these devices to the reduced threading dislocation density compared to those grown on non-native substrates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6852,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.storm@nrl.navy.mil; binari@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2007 VL 301 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.11.085 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 161LG UT WOS:000246015800099 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Larrabee, DC Nolde, JA Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Larrabee, D. C. Nolde, J. A. Bewley, W. W. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infrared interband cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XIV) CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Waseda Univ DE doping; molecular-beam epitaxy; quantum wells; superlattices; laser diodes ID W-DIODE-LASERS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Five-stage interband cascade lasers grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy were processed into ridges of varying width and electroplated with An for improved epitaxial-side-up heat sinking. A 22-mu m ridge emitted 264 mW per facet cw at 80 K (lambda = 3.4 mu m) and 100 mW per facet at 200 K (lambda = 3.6 mu m). A 12-mu m ridge operated cw to a maximum temperature of 257 K (lambda = 3.7 mu m). Beam qualities for the narrowest ridges approach the diffraction limit. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2007 VL 301 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.11.127 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 161LG UT WOS:000246015800215 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, R Jena, D Phillips, J AF Stahlbush, Robert Jena, Debdeep Phillips, Jamie TI Special issue papers: Group III nitrides, SIC and ZnO - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stahlbush, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 267 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0082-4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600001 ER PT J AU Garces, NY Carlos, WE Glaser, ER Fanton, MA AF Garces, N. Y. Carlos, W. E. Glaser, E. R. Fanton, M. A. TI Identification of a three-site defect in semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPE); silicon carbide; defects AB Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we Observe a defect that increases significantly with annealing temperature. This spin S = I defect is characterized by g(x) approximate to g(y) approximate to g(z) = 2.0056 and a fine structure splitting D similar to 100 G whose principal axis lies in a plane perpendicular to the c-axis. Also resolved are several hyperfine interactions with the low abundance Si-29 and C-13 neighboring nuclei. A careful analysis of the intensity of these hyperfine lines allows a precise determination of the identity and the quantity of interacting nuclei. This center is diamagnetic in the ground state but can be excited into a paramagnetic triplet state by sub-bandgap light. We identify this new defect as a three-site vacancy involving V-C-V-Si-V-C. The angular dependence of the C-13 hyperfine interaction supports the proposed model. These may be the simplest of a family of more complex and extended defects that play a role in the semi-insulating (SI) character of SiC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Electroopt, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garces@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0043-y PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600002 ER PT J AU Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Twigg, ME Caldwell, JD Glaser, ER Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Twigg, Mark E. Caldwell, Joshua D. Glaser, Evan R. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. TI Photoluminescence and electroluminescence imaging of carrot defect in 4H-SiC epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE photoluminescence (PL); electroluminescence (EL); carrot-type defects; morphological defects; silicon carbide (SiC); 4H-SiC ID DIODES; RELIABILITY; EMISSION; LAYERS AB Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) imaging techniques were successfully used to reveal defect features in 34 carrots in 4H-SiC epilayers. Because EL and PL techniques are nondestructive and require minimal sample preparations, many carrots can be examined over a reasonable time. Our findings showed that some carrots had the basic components consistent with the model proposed by Benamara et al., but also contained additional features beyond the basic components. Eight carrots contained multiple bright line features, and 25 out of 50 bright line features exhibited multiple line characteristics. Eleven carrots were discovered to contain basal plane faults (B's) and the corresponding small stacking faults (S's) near the carrot heads. Not all the carrots lie along the off-cut direction; a couple were oriented 5 degrees from the off-cut. Of the seven carrots with shape lengths similar to 200 um, one had a corresponding bright line length of 370 pro. Based on this line length, the calculated depth of origin was about midway in the epilayer, while all of the other carrots originated from the substrate. In summary, both EL and PL techniques were consistent in showing that carrots exhibit variable defect structures on a microscopic scale. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, KX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kendrick.liu@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0059-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600006 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Liu, KX Tadjer, AJ Glembocki, OJ Stahlbush, RE Hobart, KD Kub, F AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Liu, Kendrick X. Tadjer, Atarko J. Glembocki, Orest J. Stahlbush, Robert E. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Fritz TI Thermal annealing and propagation of shockley stacking faults in 4H-SiC PiN diodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE silicon carbide; pin diode; Shockley stacking faults (SSFs); stacking fault propagation; degradation; annealing; stressing; stacking fault shrinking; electroluminescence (EL); optical beam induced current (OBIC) ID I-N-DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE; SIC POLYTYPES; 4H AB Stacking faults within 4H-SiC PiN diodes are known to be detrimental to device operation. Here, we present electroluminescence (EL) images of 4H-SiC PiN diodes providing evidence that electrically and optically stimulated Shockley stacking fault (SSF) propagation is a reversible process at temperatures as low as 210 degrees C. Optical beam induced current (OBIC) images taken following complete optical stressing of a PiN diode and that lead to a small number of completely propagated SSFs provide evidence that such defects propagate across the n-/p+ interface and continue to grow throughout the p+ layer. These observations bring about questions regarding the validity of the currently accepted driving force mechanism for SSF propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joshua.Caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0038-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600009 ER PT J AU Sykulev, Y Anikeeva, N Beal, A Vasiliver, G Varma, R Norris, PJ Mattoussi, H Dustin, ML AF Sykulev, Yuri Anikeeva, Nadia Beal, Allison Vasiliver, Gaia Varma, Rajat Norris, Philip J. Mattoussi, Hedi Dustin, Michael L. TI From a single viral peptide epitope to effective lysis of target cells by CTL SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sykulev, Yuri; Anikeeva, Nadia; Beal, Allison] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19073 USA. [Vasiliver, Gaia; Varma, Rajat; Dustin, Michael L.] New York Univ, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Norris, Philip J.] Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Mattoussi, Hedi] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 178 SU 1 MA 87.50 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OL UT WOS:000209758203064 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Geisler, E AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Geisler, Elie TI The unintended consequences of metrics in technology evaluation SO JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS LA English DT Article DE metrics; research evaluation; scientometrics; research policy; research documentation; science and technology; strategic management; unintended consequences ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT; STRATEGY; SCIENCE; INNOVATION; SEARCH; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB This paper describes science and technology (S&T) metrics, especially impact of metrics on strategic management. The main messages to be conveyed from this paper are: (1) metrics play many roles in supporting management of the S&T enterprise; (2) metrics can influence S&T development incentives; (3) incorrect selection and implementation of metrics can have negative unintended consequences on the research and research documentation generated and (4) before implementing metrics, an organization should identify and evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of the specific metrics' implementation, and identify the impact of these consequences on the organization's core mission. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kostoff, Ronald N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Geisler, Elie] IIT, Stuart Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60661 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-1577 J9 J INFORMETR JI J. Informetr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.joi.2007.02.002 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 269JI UT WOS:000253644900001 ER PT J AU Liu, TQ Lynch, CS McLaughlin, EA AF Liu, Tieqi Lynch, Christopher S. McLaughlin, Elizabeth A. TI Thermodynamics of stress and electric field induced phase transition in relaxor ferroelectric crystals SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE relaxor ferroelectrics; phase transition; Gibbs free energy ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; 0.7PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-0.3PBTIO(3) CRYSTALS; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; ORIENTATION AB A thermodynamics based analysis of measured material behavior in < 110 > orientated (PMN-32%PT) and (PZN-4.5%PT) crystals under combined stress, electric field and temperature loading leads to a determination of the relative energy levels of phases. The approach is to perform path integrals to determine external work done by electrical and mechanical loads at constant temperature and to remove the effect of heat generated by irreversible strain and electric displacement increments. This yields relative internal energy density levels of phases. It also yields Gibbs energy density, a measure of the driving force for the phase transformation. The approach is used to analyze two types of phase transition, a jump type transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic with associated hysteresis in < 011 > loaded PZN-4.5%PT, and a continuous transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic with rotation through an intermediate monoclinic phase in < 001 > loaded PMN-32%PT. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, NUWC, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, CS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lynch.admin@me.gatech.edu RI Lynch, Christopher/A-9886-2013 OI Lynch, Christopher/0000-0001-9989-7097 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1177/1045389X06066531 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149WH UT WOS:000245177100009 ER PT J AU Baker, MJ Jacobsen, JP AF Baker, Matthew J. Jacobsen, Joyce P. TI A human capital-based theory of postmarital residence rules SO JOURNAL OF LAW ECONOMICS & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID INCOMPLETE CONTRACTS; COOPERATIVE INVESTMENTS; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; RURAL INDIA; RENEGOTIATION; LAND; SOCIETIES; EXCHANGE; FARM AB In premodern societies, the residence of a newly wedded couple is often decided by custom. We formulate a theory of optimal postmarital residence rules based on contracting problems created by the nature of premarriage human capital investments. We argue that a fixed postmarital residence rule may mitigate a holdup problem by specifying marriage terms and limiting possibilities for renegotiation; the trade-off is that the rule may prohibit beneficial renegotiation of postmarital location. A point of interest of our approach is that the magnitude and direction of transfers accompanying marriage are endogenous. We apply our theoretical results to understanding cross-cultural postmarital residence patterns. We find some predictive ability in variables related to outside options, control over the environment, and potential degree of social control. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Baker, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mbaker@usna.edu; jjacobsen@wesleyan.edu NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 8756-6222 J9 J LAW ECON ORGAN JI J. Law Econ. Organ. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 208 EP 241 DI 10.1093/jleo/ewm009 PG 34 WC Economics; Law SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 136ZF UT WOS:000244261900009 ER PT J AU Miller, GA Askins, CG Cranch, GA Friebele, EJ AF Miller, Gary A. Askins, Charles G. Cranch, Geoffrey A. Friebele, E. Joseph TI Early index growth in germanosilicate fiber upon exposure to continuous-wave ultraviolet light SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compound-growth rule; fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs); fiber optics; F-matrix; nonlinear index-growth surface; nonsinusoidal modulations; ultraviolet (UV) fringeless exposure ID BRAGG GRATINGS; OPTICAL-FIBER; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; SPECTRA; PREFORM AB In this paper, high-accuracy measurements of ultraviolet (UV)-induced refractive-index changes ( +/- 3 x 10(-7)) in germanosilicate optical fiber as a function of intensity and exposure time are presented. To examine the early growth characteristics of the fiber, samples are irradiated with 244-nm light for 100 s at relatively low intensities (0.007-2.7 W/cm(2)). The combined growth data is then interpolated to generate a 3-D '' index growth surface '' of photo-induced index. An empirically derived mathematical expression relates the index growth to the exposure time and intensity. Evidence is presented that, after exposing the fiber at one intensity, additional growth at a different intensity is dictated by the final index change of the first exposure and the intensity of the second exposure. This '' compound growth rule '' permits the complete calculation of induced-grating structures produced by such a complex exposure history. Using the index-growth surface and the compound-growth rule, the growth and UV erasure of a fiber Bragg grating is successfully predicted using a modified F-matrix algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Miller, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.miller@nrl.navy.mil; charles.askins@nrl.navy.mil; geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil; e.friebele@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1044 DI 10.1109/JLT.20073.891972 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 161YF UT WOS:000246052400007 ER PT J AU Es-Said, OS Ruperto, TM Vasquez, SL Yue, AY Manriquez, DJ Quilla, JC Harris, SH Hannan, S Foyos, J Lee, EW Pregger, B Abourialy, N Ogren, J AF Es-Said, O. S. Ruperto, T. M. Vasquez, S. L. Yue, A. Y. Manriquez, D. J. Quilla, J. C. Harris, S. H. Hannan, S. Foyos, J. Lee, E. W. Pregger, B. Abourialy, N. Ogren, J. TI Warpage behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy extrusions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Syposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Seattle, WA DE 7075 extrusions; varying section shapes; warpage AB Extruded I sections of 7075-T6 aluminum were machined into four different sections shapes: L, short depth L, T, and short depth 7. The furnace was preheated to 416 degrees C (780 degrees F) and the samples were placed inside. The temperature was raised to 471 degrees C (880 degrees F) and then the samples were quenched in either a 30% polyalkylene Glycol solution or water, both at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F). Points on the distorted samples were recorded before and after the solution treatment; the difference between the measurements indicated the extent of warpage. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 LMU Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s11665-007-9044-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 165QQ UT WOS:000246320800018 ER PT J AU Mao, ZQJ Kang, W AF Mao, Ziqiang John Kang, Wei TI Benchmark study of run-to-run controllers for the lithographic control of the critical dimension SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE feedback control; stability; sensitivity; critical dimension control; exponentially weighted moving average; Kalman filter ID EXTENSIONS; APC AB We present a systematic robustness analysis for several feedback controllers used in photolithographic critical dimension (CD) control in semiconductor manufacturing. Our study includes several controllers based on either the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) estimation or Kalman filters. The robustness is characterized by two features, namely the controller's stability margin in the presence of model mismatch and the controller's sensitivity to unknown noise. Simulations on the closed-loop control system are shown for the performance comparison. Both the analysis and the simulations prove that the multiple-dimensional feedback controller developed in this paper using the average of previous inputs and outputs outperforms the other controllers in the group. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 IBM Corp, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mao, ZQJ (reprint author), IBM Corp, RNB 3-11 2200 Mission Coll Blvd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. EM john.mao@intel.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1117/1.2743657 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 195JK UT WOS:000248408300002 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Polak, E AF Royset, J. O. Polak, E. TI Extensions of stochastic optimization results to problems with system failure probability functions SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stochastic optimization; sample average approximations; Monte Carlo simulation; reliability-based optimal design ID ALGORITHMS; ESTIMATORS AB We derive an implementable algorithm for solving nonlinear stochastic optimization problems with failure probability constraints using sample average approximations. The paper extends prior results dealing with a failure probability expressed by a single measure to the case of failure probability expressed in terms of multiple performance measures. We also present a new formula for the failure probability gradient. A numerical example addressing the optimal design of a reinforced concrete highway bridge illustrates the algorithm. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10957-007-9178-0 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 192MJ UT WOS:000248205800001 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, A. Birol Wallcraft, Alan J. Hurlburt, Harley E. TI A correction for land contamination of atmospheric variables near land-sea boundaries SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; BLACK-SEA; FLUX PARAMETERIZATION; MIXED-LAYER; SENSITIVITY; COORDINATE; RADIATION; SATELLITE; WIND AB Ocean models need over-ocean atmospheric forcing. However, such forcing; is not necessarily provided near the land-sea boundary because 1) the atmospheric model grid used for forcing is frequently much coarser than the ocean model grid, and 2) some of the atmospheric model grid over the ocean includes land values near coastal regions. This paper presents a creeping sea-fill methodology to reduce the improper representation of scalar atmospheric forcing variables near coastal regions, a problem that compromises the usefulness of the fields for ocean model simulations and other offshore applications. For demonstration, atmospheric forcing variables from archived coarse-resolution gridded products-the 1.125 degrees x 1.125 degrees 15-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-15) and 1.0 degrees X 1.0 degrees Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS)-are used here. A fine-resolution [(1)/(25)degrees x (1)/(25)degrees cos(lat)], (longitude X latitude) (similar to 3.2 km) eddy-resolving Black Sea Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is then forced with/without sea-filled atmospheric variables from these gridded products to simulate monthly mean climatological sea surface temperature (SST). Using only over-ocean values from atmospheric forcing fields in the ocean model simulations significantly reduces the climatological mean SST bias (by similar to 1 degrees-3 degrees C) and rms SST difference over the seasonal cycle (by similar to 2 degrees-3 degrees C) in coastal regions. Performance of the creeping sea-fill methodology is also directly evaluated using measurements of wind speed at 10 m above the surface from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite. Comparisons of original monthly mean wind speeds from operational ECMWF and NOGAPS products with those from QuikSCAT give basin-averaged rms differences of 1.6 and 1.4 m s(-1), respectively, during 2000-03. Similar comparisons performed with sea-filled monthly mean wind speeds result in a much lower rms difference (0.7 m s(-1) for both products) during the same time period, clearly confirming the accuracy of the methodology even on interannual time scales. Most of the unrealistically low wind speeds from ECMWF and NOGAPS near coastal boundaries are appropriately corrected with the use of the creeping sea fill. Wind speed errors for ECWMF and NOGAPS (mean bias of 2.5 m s(-1) with respect to QuikSCAT during 2000-03) are substantially eliminated (e.g., almost no bias) near most of the land-sea boundaries. Finally, ocean, atmosphere, and coupled atmospheric-oceanic modelers need to be aware that the creeping sea fill is a promising methodology in significantly reducing the land contamination resulting from an improper land-sea mask existing in gridded coarse-resolution atmospheric products (e.g., ECMWF). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 803 EP 818 DI 10.1175/JPO2984.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163HS UT WOS:000246151300002 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC van Vledder, GP Watts, KP Jensen, R Graber, HC AF Ardhuin, Fabrice Herbers, T. H. C. van Vledder, Gerbrant Ph. Watts, Kristen P. Jensen, R. Graber, Hans C. TI Swell and slanting-fetch effects on wind wave growth SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; GENERATED WAVES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPECTRAL FORM; OCEAN; DISSIPATION; MODEL AB Wind-sea generation was observed during two experiments off the coast of North Carolina. One event with offshore winds of 9-11 m s(-1) directed 20 degrees from shore normal was observed with eight directional stations recording simultaneously and spanning a fetch from 4 to 83 km. An opposing swell of 1-m height and 10-s period was also present. The wind-sea part of the wave spectrum conforms to established growth curves for significant wave height and peak period, except at inner-shelf stations where a large alongshore wind-sea component was observed. At these short fetches, the mean wave direction theta(m) was observed to change abruptly across the wind-sea spectral peak, from alongshore at lower frequencies to downwind at higher frequencies. Waves from another event with offshore winds of 6-14 in s(-1) directed 20 degrees-30 degrees from shore normal were observed with two instrument arrays. A significant amount of low-frequency wave energy was observed to propagate alongshore from the region where the wind was strongest. These measurements are used to assess the performance of some widely used parameterizations in wave models. The modeled transition of theta(m) across the wind-sea spectrum is smoother than that in the observations and is reproduced very differently by different parameterizations, giving insights into the appropriate level of dissipation. Calculations with the full Boltzmann integral of quartet wave-wave interactions reveal that the discrete interaction approximation parameterization for these interactions is reasonably accurate at the peak of the wind sea but overpredicts the directional spread at high frequencies. This error is well compensated by parameterizations of the wind input source term that have a narrow directional distribution. Observations also highlight deficiencies in some parameterizations of wave dissipation processes in mixed swell-wind-sea conditions. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. Alkyon Hydraul Consultancy & Res, Emmeloord, Netherlands. USA, Corps Engineers, Erdc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29609 Brest, France. EM ardhuin@shom.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 85 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 908 EP 931 DI 10.1175/JPO3039.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163HS UT WOS:000246151300008 ER PT J AU Mccormick, GH AF Mccormick, Gordon H. TI The Maltese cross: A strategic history of Malta. SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 Dept Def Anal, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mccormick, GH (reprint author), Dept Def Anal, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 170LE UT WOS:000246664100013 ER PT J AU Naluai, NK Lauchle, GC Gabrielson, TB Joseph, JH AF Naluai, Nathan K. Lauchle, Gerald C. Gabrielson, Thomas B. Joseph, John H. TI Bi-static sonar applications of intensity processing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROLATE SPHEROIDS; SCATTERING; FIELD AB Acoustic intensity processing of signals from directional sonobuoy acoustic subsystems is used to enhance the detection of submerged bodies in bi-static sonar applications. In some directions, the scattered signals may be completely dominated by the incident blast from the source, depending upon the geometry, making the object undetectable by traditional pressure measurements. Previous theoretical derivations suggest that acoustic vector intensity sensors, and the associated intensity processing, are a potential solution to this problem. Deep water experiments conducted at Lake Pend Oreille in northern Idaho are described. A large, hollow cylindrical body is located between a source and a number of SSQ-53D sonobuoys positioned from 5 to 30 body lengths away from the scattering body. Measurements show changes in the acoustic pressure of less than 0.5 dB when the scattering body is inserted in the field. However, the phase of the acoustic intensity component formed between the acoustic pressure and particle velocity component orthogonal to the direction of incident wave propagation varies by as much as 55 degrees. This metric is shown to be a repeatable and strong indicator of the presence of the scattering body. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16804 USA. NAVAIR, NAWCAD, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Naluai, NK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, 217 Appl Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM nathan.naluai@navy.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1909 EP 1915 DI 10.1121/1.2642243 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 156ZE UT WOS:000245687600008 PM 17471706 ER PT J AU Coulthard, SM Volino, RJ Flack, KA AF Coulthard, Sarah M. Volino, Ralph J. Flack, Karen A. TI Effect of jet pulsing on film cooling - Part I: Effectiveness and flow-field temperature results SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SEPARATION CONTROL; PULSATIONS; RATIO; HOLES AB Pulsed film cooling was studied experimentally to determine its effect on film-cooling effectiveness. The film-cooling jets were pulsed using solenoid valves in the supply air line. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film-cooling holes inclined at 35 deg to the surface of a flat plate were considered at blowing ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 for a variety of pulsing frequencies and duty cycles. Temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera, thermocouples, and cold-wire anemometry. Hot-wire anemometry was used for velocity measurements. The local film-cooling effectiveness was calculated based on the measured temperatures, and the results were compared to baseline cases with continuous blowing. Phase-locked flow temperature fields were determined from cold-wire surveys. Pulsing at high frequencies helped to improve film-cooling effectiveness in some cases by reducing overall jet liftoff. At lower frequencies, pulsing tended to have the opposite effect. With the present geometry and a steady mainflow, pulsing did not provide an overall benefit. The highest overall effectiveness was achieved with continuous jets and a blowing ratio of 0.5. The present results may prove useful for understanding film-cooling behavior in engines, where mainflow unsteadiness causes film-cooling jet pulsation. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Coulthard, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 232 EP 246 DI 10.1115/1.2437231 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 165DJ UT WOS:000246283800005 ER PT J AU Coulthard, SM Volino, RJ Flack, KA AF Coulthard, Sarah M. Volino, Ralph J. Flack, Karen A. TI Effect of jet pulsing on film cooling - Part II: Heat transfer results SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Pulsed film cooling was studied experimentally to determine its effect on film-cooling effectiveness and heat transfer The film-cooling jets were pulsed using solenoid valves in the supply air line. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film-cooling holes inclined at 35 deg to the surface of a flat plate were considered at blowing ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 for a variety of pulsing frequencies and duty cycles. Temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera and thermocouples. The plate was equipped with constant flux surface heaters, and data were acquired for each flow condition with the plate both heated and unheated. The local film-cooling effectiveness, Stanton numbers, and heat flux ratios were calculated and compared to baseline cases with continuous blowing and no blowing. Stanton number signatures on the surface provided evidence of flow structures, including horseshoe vortices wrapping around the film-cooling jets and vortices within the jets. Pulsing tends to increase Stanton numbers, and the effect tends to increase with pulsing frequency and duty cycle. Some exceptions were observed, however at the highest frequencies tested. Overall heat flux ratios also show that pulsing tends to have a detrimental effect with some exceptions at the highest frequencies. The best overall film cooling was achieved with continuous jets and a blowing ratio of 0.5. The present results may prove useful for understanding film-cooling behavior in engines, where mainflow unsteadiness causes film-cooling jet pulsation. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Coulthard, SM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1115/1.2437230 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 165DJ UT WOS:000246283800006 ER PT J AU Hambric, SA Jarrett, AW Lee, GF Fedderly, JJ AF Hambric, Stephen A. Jarrett, Andrew W. Lee, Gilbert F. Fedderly, Jeffry J. TI Inferring viscoelastic dynamic material properties from finite element and experimental studies of beams with constrained layer damping SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 13-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME DE viscoelastomers; dynamic material properties; finite element analysis; constrained layer damping ID POLYMERS; SYSTEM AB Viscoelastic materials are often used to add damping to metal structures, usually via the constrained layer damping method. The added damping depends strongly on material temperature and frequency, as do the underlying material properties of the viscoelastomer Several standardized test methods are available to characterize the dynamic material properties of viscoelastomers. However they rely on limited test data which is extrapolated using the time-temperature superposition technique. The authors have found that the different testing methods typically produce significantly different dynamic material properties, or "master curves. " An approach for inferring viscoelastomer dynamic moduli with better accuracy is suggested here. Several metal bars are treated using constrained layer damping. Experimental modal analyses are conducted on the bars at different temperatures to produce sets of system resonance frequencies and loss factors. Corresponding finite element (FE) models of the treated bars are analyzed using assumed viscoelastomer material properties based on master curves generated using a standardized test technique. The parameters which define the master curves are adjusted by trial and error until the FE-simulated system loss factors match those of the measurements. The procedure is demonstrated on two viscoelastomers with soft and stiff moduli. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hambric, SA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, POB 30, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. EM sah19@only.arl.psu.edu; andrew.jarrett@navy.mil; gilbert.f.lee@navy.mil; jeffry.fedderly@navy.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1115/1.2424984 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 155UO UT WOS:000245604100004 ER PT J AU Fox, T Simon, EL Elder, E Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Fox, Timothy Simon, Edmund L. Elder, Eric Riffenburgh, Robert H. Johnstone, Peter A. S. TI Free breathing gated detivery (FBGD) of lung radiation therapy: Analysis of factors affecting clinical patient throughput SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE respiratory gating; radiation therapy ID MOTION; HOLD AB Purpose: Accurate radiation targeting and delivery within the chest and abdomen is greatly affected by the respiratory cycle. Prior methods to minimize respiratory effect include breath-hold and abdominal compression techniques; these are subject to error secondary to variable inspiration/expiration volumes, or by the nature of many cancer patients having inherently poor respiratory function. However, advanced technology called free breathing gated delivery (FBGD) allows patients to breath normally during treatment. The photon beam is on only during a particular prescribed percentage of the respiratory cycle where the target tumor volume is minimized. Consequently, by using an intermittent beam, the time required to treat a patient is increased. No previous study has described the patient throughput ramifications of FBGD. Patients and methods: At Emory clinic, a gated treatment delivery system was inaugurated into clinical use beginning in June 2004. As of 12/31/2004, 15 patients have completed treatment with FBGD. The majority of patients had lung cancer (n = 12) with single cases of adrenal metastasis, thymoma, and atypical carcinoid. Over 900 gated treatment fields (similar to 375 treatment sessions) were reviewed on an IRB-approved retrospective protocol. Records from the record-and-verify (R&V) system were queried using automated database mining software to obtain the treatment room time, treatment field time, beam-on time (BOT), dose rate, and monitor units (MU) for each treatment. The presence or absence of a dynamic wedge was also noted, as was the prescribed percent of the respiratory cycle treated. For comparison purposes, 13 non-gated lung cancer patients (lesions were not moving with respiration) were selected from the R&V database. Results: Patients receiving FBGD required significantly more time for treatment delivery. The time required for FBGD was, on average, 5.5 times greater (range 1.2-12.2) than calculated BOT without gating. Time was further increased with the use of a dynamic wedge, which occurred in 45% (28/62) of the planned fields. The use of MV imaging also increased the time for FBGD treatment sessions by more than 7.5 min on average. Conclusions: FBGD uniformly increases the time required for RT delivery, and MV imaging and dynamic wedging even more so. Even though this technology more accurately targets tumor volumes while sparing normal tissue, the patient throughput issue may deter this technology from being implemented into busy clinical practices. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM peter@radonc.emory.org FU NIMHD NIH HHS [5P60-MD000525] NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER JI Lung Cancer PD APR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.11.019 PG 7 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 158HF UT WOS:000245781700009 PM 17196299 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Cristescu, R Mihailescu, IN Chfisey, DB AF Doraiswamy, A. Narayan, R. J. Cristescu, R. Mihailescu, I. N. Chfisey, D. B. TI Laser processing of natural mussel adhesive protein thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Biomaterials CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE mussel adhesive protein; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; thin films ID FORMALDEHYDE INDUSTRIES; MYTILUS-EDULIS; WORKERS; EVAPORATION; MORTALITY; MATRIX; DEPOSITION; COLLAGEN; BYSSUS; COHORT AB A novel laser processing technique is presented for depositing mussel adhesive protein thin films. Synthetic adhesives (e.g., acrylics, cyanoacrylates, epoxies, phenolics, polyurethanes, and silicones) have largely displaced natural adhesives in the automotive, aerospace, biomedical, electronic, and marine equipment industries over the past century. However, rising concerns over the environmental and health effects of solvents, monomers, and additives used in synthetic adhesives have led the adhesives community to seek natural alternatives. Marine mussel adhesive protein is a formaldehyde-free natural adhesive that demonstrates excellent adhesion to several classes of materials, including pure metals, metal oxides, polymers, and glasses. We have demonstrated the deposition of Mytilus edulis foot protein-1 thin films using matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The Fourier transform infrared spectrum data suggest that the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation process does not cause significant damage to the chemical structure of M edulis foot protein-1. In addition, matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation appears to provide a better control over film thickness and film roughness than conventional solvent-based thin film processing techniques. MAPLE-deposited mussel adhesive protein thin films have numerous potential electronic, medical, and marine applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Lasers, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.026 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149EN UT WOS:000245130000009 ER PT J AU Koch, CF Johnson, S Kumar, D Jelinek, M Chrisey, DB Doraiswamy, A Jin, C Narayan, RJ Millailescu, IN AF Koch, C. F. Johnson, S. Kumar, D. Jelinek, M. Chrisey, D. B. Doraiswamy, A. Jin, C. Narayan, R. J. Millailescu, I. N. TI Pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Biomaterials CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE hydroxyapatite; pulsed laser deposition; bioactive ceramics ID DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES; TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; 355 NM; HYDROXYLAPATITE FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM SUBSTRATE; APATITE COATINGS; DENTAL IMPLANTS; WEAR PARTICLES; HIGH-ENERGY AB Hydroxyapatite is a bioactive ceramic material that mimics the mineral composition of natural bone. This material does not possess acceptable mechanical properties for use as a bulk biomaterial; however, it does demonstrate significant potential for use as a coating on metallic orthopaedic and dental prostheses. This paper reviews recent developments involving pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite thin films for medical and dental applications. The structural, mechanical, and biological properties of hydroxyapatite thin films are described. In addition, future directions in pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite thin films are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, 152 MacNider Hall,Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; Jelinek, Miroslav/0000-0001-9824-1117 NR 61 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.025 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149EN UT WOS:000245130000018 ER PT J AU Patz, TM Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Menegazzo, N Kranz, C Mizaikoff, B Zhong, Y Bellamkonda, R Bumgardner, JD Elder, SH Walboomers, XF Modi, R Chrisey, DB AF Patz, T. M. Doraiswamy, A. Narayan, R. J. Menegazzo, N. Kranz, C. Mizaikoff, B. Zhong, Y. Bellamkonda, R. Bumgardner, J. D. Elder, S. H. Walboomers, X. F. Modi, R. Chrisey, D. B. TI Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of biomaterial thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT Symposium on Next Generation Biomaterials CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; poly (D, L) lactic acid; chitosan; dexamethasone; thin films ID IN-VITRO; DEPOSITION; CHITOSAN; POLYMER; DEGRADATION; INJURY; MAPLE; VIVO AB I In this paper, processing of biomaterial thin films using a novel physical vapor deposition process known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) is reviewed. The matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation process provides excellent control over several film parameters, including thickness, roughness, homogeneity, and reliability. Deposition of dexamethasone thin films, Poly (1), L) lactic acid/dexamethasone bilayer thin films, and chitosan thin films is reviewed. The results highlight the expanding role of matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation process in biomaterials, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Periodontol & Biomat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.chrisey@ndsu.edu RI Walboomers, X.Frank/B-3692-2013; Mizaikoff, Boris/G-9959-2013; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Kranz, Christine/F-3838-2014 OI Mizaikoff, Boris/0000-0002-5583-7962; Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; Kranz, Christine/0000-0002-6001-0580 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 514 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.039 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 149EN UT WOS:000245130000022 ER PT J AU Ramanujan, RV Willard, MA Reynolds, WT Laughlin, DE AF Ramanujan, R. V. Willard, M. A. Reynolds, W. T. Laughlin, D. E. TI Symposium on phase transformations in magnetic materials - Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ramanujan, RV (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore. RI Ramanujan, Raju/A-2245-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 716 EP 716 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9086-1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700004 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Heil, TM Goswami, R AF Willard, Matthew A. Heil, Todd M. Goswami, Ramasis TI Phase formation in isothermally annealed (Co0.95Fe0.05)(89)Zr7B4 Nanocrystalline alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phase Transformations in Magnetic Materials held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS, TMS-MPMD, ASMI-MSCTS ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SOFT MAGNETS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB This report focuses on the phase relations and transformations in a (Fe0.05Co0.95)(89)Zr7B4 melt-spun alloy with an emphasis on crystallization and its effects on thermomagnetic properties. When as-spun ribbons are annealed at relatively low temperatures (near primary crystallization), the nucleation and growth of nonequilibrium body-centered-cubic (bee) crystalliteS occurs in a residual amorphous matrix, as determined by transmission electron microscopy ITEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). At intermediate temperatures, bee crystallites continue to grow with the addition of a small Volume fraction of the equilibrium face-centered-cubic (fee) phase. It is expected that after the bee nuclei are formed, the grains coarsen as bee phase and do not transform to the more stable fee phase at intermediate temperatures. At temperatures where the amorphous matrix phase dissociates into Zr intermetallics, the bee phase is transformed into fee and the grains coarsen significantly. Thermodynamic modeling has been used to support the nucleation of the nonequilibrium bee phase during the early stages of crystallization. Thermomagnetic results show little reduction in the saturation magnetization as a function of annealing temperature LIP to the primary crystallization temperature (similar to 420 degrees C). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s1161-006-9065-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700006 ER PT J AU Heil, TM Willard, MA Reynolds, WT AF Heil, T. M. Willard, M. A. Reynolds, W. T., Jr. TI The effects of composition and aging on the martensite and magnetic transformations in Ni-Fe-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phase Transformations in Magnetic Materials held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS, TMS-MPMD, ASMI-MSCTS ID OMEGA-PHASE FORMATION; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; TRANSITION; AL AB The martensite and magnetic transformations in Ni-Fe-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are very sensitive to both alloy chemistry and thermal history. A series of Ni-Fe-Ga alloys near the prototype Heusler composition (X(2)YZ) were used to investigate how the martensite and magnetic transitions change with alloy composition and isothermal aging above and below the B2/L2(1) ordering temperature. Calorimetry and magnetometry were employed to measure the martensite transformation temperatures and Curie temperatures. Compositional variations of only a few atomic percent result in martensite start temperatures and Curie temperatures that differ by about 230 and 35 K, respectively. Aging a Ni53Fe19Ga28 alloy for 3600 seconds at various temperatures shifts the martensite start temperature and the Curie temperature by almost 70 K. Transmission electron microscopy investigations were conducted on the aged Ni53Fe19Ga28 alloy. The considerable variations in the martensite and magnetic transformations in these alloys are discussed in terms of microstructural differences resulting from alloy chemistry and aging treatments. C1 CNR, Natl Res Council Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Heil, TM (reprint author), CNR, Natl Res Council Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heil@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 752 EP 758 DI 10.1007/s1161-007-9098-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700010 ER PT J AU Freed, NE Myers, CA Russell, KL Walter, EA Irvine, M Coon, RG Metzgar, D AF Freed, Nikki E. Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. Walter, Elizabeth A. Irvine, Marina Coon, Robert G. Metzgar, David TI Diagnostic discrimination of live attenuated influenza vaccine strains and community-acquired pathogenic strains in clinical samples SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE PCR; RT-PCR; LAIV; vaccine shedding; FluMist ID VIRUS VACCINE; FLUMIST; PCR AB Live vaccines can generate false-positive results on common influenza assays including reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), culture and antigen tests. This threatens the integrity of epidemiological data and may misdirect treatment and control efforts. We report the development of RT-PCR tests that distinguish live FluMist (TM) vaccine (FMV) strains from circulating influenza strains in clinical samples. Primers were validated using influenza-positive samples from unvaccinated patients, packaged FMV, and one PCR-positive asymptomatic vaccine. Furthermore, the assay was used to experimentally test our tab's collection of influenza-positive samples from the 2004-05 and 2005-06 influenza seasons and several 2005 preseason isolates to determine the rate of vaccine-derived false-positive results under differing epidemiological conditions. Analytical and clinical validations show that the assay is both sensitive and specific. Experimental results demonstrate that 51 out of 51 influenza-positive samples collected during influenza season from ill, previously-vaccinated military personnel represent real infections with circulating strains. Finally, the assay shows that four preseason influenza-positive samples were false positives resulting from vaccine shedding. The vaccine-discriminatory RT-PCR methods described here provide the first test designed to distinguish FMV strains from circulating strains. The results show that the test is effective, and demonstrate the importance of such tests in the age of live vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Adv Diagnost Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Bldg 335,Room 207,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM nicole.freed@env.ethz.ch; myers@nhrc.navy.mil; russell@nhrc.navy.mil; Elizabeth.Walter2@lackland.af.mil; irvine@nhrc.navy.mil; coon@nhrc.navy.mil; metzgar@nhrc.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.08.007 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 135VX UT WOS:000244183100004 PM 17045779 ER PT J AU Dobano, C Doolan, DL AF Dobano, C. Doolan, D. L. TI Identification of minimal CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes in the Plasmodium yoelii hepatocyte erythrocyte protein 17 kDa SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epitope mapping; Plasmodium yoelii; PyHEP17; peptides; CD8+; CD4+T cells; immunization ID HEPATOCYTE ERYTHROCYTE PROTEIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DNA VACCINE; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; PROTECTION; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION; MICE; RESPONSES; PEPTIDE AB Immunization of mice with subunit vaccines based on the Plasmodium yoelii 17 kDa hepatocyte erythrocyte protein (PyHEP17), orthologue of Plasmodium falciparum exported protein 1 (PfExp1), induces antigen-specific immune responses and protects against sporozoite challenge. To aid in the characterization of candidate subunit vaccines based on this antigen, we have mapped the immunodominant and subdominant CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes on PyHEP17. Using a panel of 29 15-mer synthetic peptides representing the complete sequence of PyHEP17 (amino acids 1-153), and overlapping each other by 10 residues, we identified an immunogenic region between amino acids 61-85. To define the minimal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes within this region, we synthesized 25 9-mer peptides overlapping each other by one residue. We screened the capacity of the 15-mer and 9-mer peptides to be recognized by splenocytes and lymph node cells from mice immunized with PyHEP17 plasmid DNA or peptides in Freund's adjuvant, as assessed by cytokine secretion, lymphoproliferation, and cytotoxicity. The profile of response to the T cell epitopes varied depending upon the immunization regimen. Antigen-specific T cell responses were detected to three 15-mer peptides (residues 61-75, 66-80 and 71-85) representing two 10-mer epitopes mapping to residues 66-75 (LTKNKKSLRK) and 71-80 (KSLRKINVAL). IFN-gamma responses after DNA immunization predominantly mapped to two overlapping 9-mer peptides (residues 73-81 and 74-82) sharing an eight amino acid overlap (residues 74-81, RKINVALA), whereas CTL responses predominantly mapped to four 9-mer peptides (residues 61-69, 70-78, 76-84, and 84-92). In addition, a subdominant 10-mer CD8+ T cell epitope recognized by peptide immunization but not DNA immunization mapped to residues 31-40 (GKYGSQNVIK). The identification of these epitopes will allow the evaluation of delivery systems for malaria vaccine candidates as well as the delineation of protective immune mechanisms. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dobano, C (reprint author), Queensland Inst Med Res, Bancroft Ctr, 300 Herston Rd,PO Royal Brisbane Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. EM cdobano@clinic.ub.es; dooland@nmrc.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Dobano Lazaro, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3037 EP 3048 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.01.001 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 170MH UT WOS:000246667000026 PM 17303242 ER PT J AU Hogan, TF Pauley, RL AF Hogan, Timothy F. Pauley, Randal L. TI The impact of convective momentum transport on tropical cyclone track forecasts using the Emanuel cumulus parameterization SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SINGLE-COLUMN; SCHEME; BUDGET; NAVY; PARAMETRIZATION; ASSIMILATION; CLOUDS; TESTS AB The influence of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts is examined in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) with the Emanuel cumulus parameterization. Data assimilation and medium-range forecast experiments show that for 35 tropical cyclones during August and September 2004 the inclusion of CMT in the cumulus parameterization significantly improves the TC track forecasts. The tests show that the track. forecasts are very sensitive to the magnitude of the Emanuel parameterization's convective momentum transport parameter, which controls the CMT tendency returned by the parameterization. While the overall effect of this formulation of CMT in NOGAPS data assimilation/medium-range forecasts results in the surface pressure of tropical cyclones being less intense (and more consistent with the analysis), the parameterization is not equivalent to a simple diffusion of winds in the presence of convection. This is demonstrated by two data assimilation/medium-range forecast tests in which a vertical diffusion algorithm replaces the CMT. Two additional data assimilation/medium-range forecast experiments were conducted to test whether the skill increase primarily comes from the CMT in the immediate vicinity of the tropical cyclones. The results show that the inclusion of the CMT calculation in the vicinity of the TC makes the largest contribution to the increase in forecast skill, but the general contribution of CMT away from the TC also plays an important role. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Fleet Num Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hogan, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM timothy.hogan@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1207 DI 10.1175/MWR3365.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160ER UT WOS:000245924200003 ER PT J AU Cheng, Y Zhang, ZH Slape, C Aplan, PD AF Cheng, Yue Zhang, Zhenhua Slape, Christopher Aplan, Peter D. TI Cre-loxP-mediated recombination between the SIL and SCL genes leads to a block in T-cell development at the CD4(-) CD8(-) to CD4(+)CD8(+) transition SO NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE SCL; SIL; T-cell development; Cre-LoxP; T-ALL ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; TRANSGENIC MICE; TAL-1 GENE; TRANSLOCATION; MALIGNANCIES; EXPRESSION; LOCUS; LMO1; INVOLVEMENT; DISRUPTION AB In the most common form of stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene rearrangement, an interstitial deletion of 82 kb brings SCL under the control of regulatory elements that normally govern expression of the ubiquitously expressed SCL interrupting locus (SIL) gene, which is located directly upstream of SCL. To investigate the effect of this fusion in a mouse model, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing both human SIL and SCL genes was isolated, and IoxP sites were inserted into intron 1 of both the SIL and SCL genes, corresponding to the sites at which recombination occurs in human T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patients. This BAC clone was used to generate transgenic SILIoxIoxSCL mice. These transgenic mice were subsequently bred to Lck-Cre mice that express the Cre recombinase specifically in the thymus. The BAC transgene was recombined between the two IoxP sites in over 50% of the thymocytes from SILIoxIoxSCL Cre double-transgenic mice, bringing the SCL gene under the direct control of SIL regulatory elements. Aberrant SCL gene expression in the thymus was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Using FACS analysis, we found that mice carrying both SILIoxIoxSCL and Cre transgenes have increased CD4(-)/CD8(-) thymocytes compared with transgene-negative mice. In the spleen, these transgenic mice show a marked reduction in the number of mature CD4(+) or CD8(+) cells. These results demonstrate that conditional activation of SCL under control of SIL regulatory elements can impair normal T-cell development. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Aplan, PD (reprint author), Navy 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM aplanp@mail.nih.gov RI Cheng, Yue/E-9853-2010; Slape, Christopher/H-8586-2016; Aplan, Peter/K-9064-2016 OI Cheng, Yue/0000-0002-2472-1879; Slape, Christopher/0000-0002-8407-3092; FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 SC010379-06] NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEOPLASIA PRESS PI ANN ARBOR PA 1150 W MEDICAL CENTER DR, MSRB III, RM 9303, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0648 USA SN 1522-8002 J9 NEOPLASIA JI Neoplasia PD APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1593/neo.07148 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 158OY UT WOS:000245802000006 PM 17460775 ER PT J AU Avino, S Calloni, E Tierno, A De Rosa, R Di Fiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR AF Avino, S. Calloni, E. Tierno, A. De Rosa, R. Di Fiore, L. Milano, L. Restaino, S. R. TI High sensitivity adaptive optics control of laser beam based on interferometric phase-front detection SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; interferometers; gravitational wave detectors ID FLUCTUATIONS; ALIGNMENT AB We present an upgrade of an adaptive optics (AO) system for the control of geometrical fluctuations in a laser beam, based on the interferometric detection of phase front. Acoustic isolation and suitable design of optical system make the present system very sensitive to laser beam geometrical fluctuations and can be an interesting step toward the active correction of the small perturbations of the input beam of gravitational wave interferometric detectors. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy. AFRL, DEBS KAFB, Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Avino, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte St Angelo,Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy. EM saverio.avino@na.infn.it OI Avino, Saverio/0000-0001-6623-9784; calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 468 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2005.07.013 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148WT UT WOS:000245108800006 ER PT J AU Miller, GA Askins, CG Taunay, T AF Miller, Gary A. Askins, Charles G. Taunay, Thierry TI Wavelength-selective core-to-jacket coupling in optical fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRATINGS AB Mode coupling between the fundamental core mode of an as-drawn optical fiber operating far from cutoff and higher-order modes in the plastic jacketing has been observed. In one fiber, the transmission spectrum of the core exhibited five distinct minima between 1200 and 1900 nm. By approximating the fiber jacket as an asymmetric slab waveguide of infinite lateral extent, the wavelengths of these transmission features were successfully predicted using coupled-mode theory. Since conditions at the jacket surface influence the transmission spectrum, this coupling effect potentially enables new applications for environmental sensing. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Miller, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.miller@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 760 EP 762 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000760 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148XE UT WOS:000245109900010 PM 17339927 ER PT J AU Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Finkenstadt, D AF Boyer, L. L. Mehl, M. J. Finkenstadt, Daniel TI Structural distortions in AlF3: A test for density-functional methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC DEFORMATION MODEL; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; GROUND-STATE; BASIS-SET; DIFFRACTION; MOLECULES AB The crystal structure of AlF3 at high temperatures has a simple cubic lattice. Below similar to 730 K, the structure transforms to a rhombohedral (alpha-phase) structure with R(3) over bar c symmetry due to an unstable R-5(-) phonon. Density-functional based methods, from the least accurate rigid-ion model to highly accurate all-electron Kohn-Sham models, yield the triply degenerate R-5(-) phonon that becomes unstable with decreasing volume at some critical volume V-c. Significant variations for V-c and the equilibrium volume V-0 among the models lead to large uncertainties for the energy differences between the cubic and rhombohedral structures, indicating that present density-functional models are not reliable for accurate quantitative results in this case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyer, LL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 13 AR 132103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.132103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GL UT WOS:000246074800003 ER PT J AU Meining, CJ Whiteside, VR McCombe, BD Dzyubenko, AB Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Meining, C. J. Whiteside, V. R. McCombe, B. D. Dzyubenko, A. B. Tischler, J. G. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. TI Internal transitions of quasi-two-dimensional charged magnetoexcitons in the presence of purposely introduced weak lateral potential energy variations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATION QUANTUM DOTS; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC TRANSLATIONS; WELL STRUCTURES; EXCITONS; SEMICONDUCTORS; LOCALIZATION; SINGLET; FIELD AB Optically detected resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate effects of weak random lateral potential energy fluctuations on internal transitions of charged magnetoexcitons (trions) in quasi-two-dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well (QW) structures. Resonant changes in the ensemble photoluminescence induced by far-infrared radiation were studied as a function of magnetic field for samples having: (1) no growth interrupts (short range well-width fluctuations), and (2) intentional growth interrupts (long range monolayer well-width differences). Only bound-to-continuum internal transitions of the negatively charged trion are observed for samples of type 1. In contrast, a feature on the high field (low energy) side of electron cyclotron resonance is seen for samples of type 2 with well widths of 14.1 and 8.4 nm. This feature is attributed to a bound-to-bound transition of the spin-triplet with nonzero oscillator strength resulting from breaking of translational symmetry. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, CSEQuIN, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. CSU, Dept Phys, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meining, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 16 AR 165301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.165301 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GW UT WOS:000246075900035 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Shirley, EL Hellberg, CS Andersen, KE Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Chapman, BD Stern, EA Ryan, P Ederer, DL Li, H AF Woicik, J. C. Shirley, E. L. Hellberg, C. S. Andersen, K. E. Sambasivan, S. Fischer, D. A. Chapman, B. D. Stern, E. A. Ryan, P. Ederer, D. L. Li, H. TI Ferroelectric distortion in SrTiO3 thin films on Si(001) by x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy: Experiment and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CORE-HOLE; SPECTRA; BATIO3; ORIGIN; OXIDES AB Ti K and Ti L-2,L-3 x-ray absorption fine-structure near-edge spectra of SrTiO3 thin films grown coherently on Si(001) reveal the presence of a ferroelectric (FE) distortion at room temperature. This unique phase is a direct consequence of the compressive biaxial strain achieved by coherent epitaxial growth. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Motorola Labs, Embedded Syst Res, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 14 AR 140103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.140103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GO UT WOS:000246075100003 ER PT J AU Woods, LM Badescu, SC Reinecke, TL AF Woods, L. M. Badescu, S. C. Reinecke, T. L. TI Adsorption of simple benzene derivatives on carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC ORGANIC-MOLECULES; NONCOVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMICAL SENSORS; AB-INITIO; GRAPHITE; NO2; ENERGY; IMMOBILIZATION; HYDROGEN AB The adsorption of simple benzene derivatives composed of a benzene ring with NO2, CH3, or NH2 functional groups on a semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube is studied using the density-functional theory within the local-density approximation. The effects of molecular relaxation in the adsorption process are obtained, as well as the adsorption energies and equilibrium distances for several molecular locations and orientations on the surface. We find that all of these benzene derivatives are physisorbed mainly through the interaction of the pi orbitals of the benzene ring and those of the carbon nanotube. These aromatics do not change significantly the carbon nanotube's electronic structure, and therefore only small changes in the nanotube's properties are expected. This suggests that these benzene derivatives are suitable for noncovalent nanotube functionalization and molecule immobilization on nanotube surfaces. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woods, LM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 47 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 15 AR 155415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155415 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GQ UT WOS:000246075300111 ER PT J AU Alderson, DL Li, L AF Alderson, David L. Li, Lun TI Diversity of graphs with highly variable connectivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; INTERNET; TOPOLOGY AB A popular approach for describing the structure of many complex networks focuses on graph theoretic properties that characterize their large-scale connectivity. While it is generally recognized that such descriptions based on aggregate statistics do not uniquely characterize a particular graph and also that many such statistical features are interdependent, the relationship between competing descriptions is not entirely understood. This paper lends perspective on this problem by showing how the degree sequence and other constraints (e.g., connectedness, no self-loops or parallel edges) on a particular graph play a primary role in dictating many features, including its correlation structure. Building on recent work, we show how a simple structural metric characterizes key differences between graphs having the same degree sequence. More broadly, we show how the (often implicit) choice of a background set against which to measure graph features has serious implications for the interpretation and comparability of graph theoretic descriptions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alderson, DL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dlalders@nps.edu; lun@cds.caltech.edu NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 046102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.046102 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 162GG UT WOS:000246074300012 PM 17500956 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Shaw, LB AF Schwartz, Ira B. Shaw, Leah B. TI Isochronal synchronization of delay-coupled systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS; DYNAMICS; PHASE AB We consider small network models for mutually delay-coupled systems which typically do not exhibit stable isochronally synchronized solutions. We show analytically and numerically that for certain coupling architectures which involve delayed self-feedback to the nodes, the oscillators become isochronally synchronized. Applications are shown for both incoherent pump-coupled lasers and spatiotemporal coupled fiber ring lasers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Plasma Phys Div, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 046207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.046207 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 162GG UT WOS:000246074300034 PM 17500978 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL AF Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Sanford, T. W. L. Nash, T. J. Mock, R. C. Peterson, D. L. TI Comparative properties of the interior and blowoff plasmas in a Dynamic Hohlraum SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SOURCE; RADIATION PRODUCTION; AXIAL RADIATION; ASYMMETRY; ALUMINUM; PINCHES; DRIVEN; ARGON; POWER AB A Dynamic Hohlraum (DH) is formed when arrays of tungsten wires driven by a high-current pulse implode and compress a cylindrical foam target. The resulting radiation is confined by the wire plasma and forms an intense, similar to 200-250 eV Planckian x-ray source. The internal radiation can be used for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. The radiation emitted from the ends can be employed for radiation flow and material interaction studies. This external radiation is accompanied by an expanding blowoff plasma. We have diagnosed this blowoff plasma using K-shell spectra of Mg tracer layers placed at the ends of some of the Dynamic Hohlraum targets. A similar diagnosis of the interior hohlraum has been carried out using Al and Mg tracers placed at 2 mm depth from the ends. It is found that the blowoff plasma is about 20-25% as dense as that of the interior hohlraum, and that its presence does not significantly affect the outward flow of the nearly Planckian radiation field generated in the hohlraum interior. However, the electron temperature of the blowoff region, at similar to 120 eV, is only about half that of the interior hohlraum plasma. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 AR 042702 DI 10.1063/1.2718907 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 162FT UT WOS:000246072900033 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Redon, S Lin, MC Manocha, D Templeman, J AF Kim, Young J. Redon, Stephane Lin, Ming C. Manocha, Dinesh Templeman, Jim TI Interactive continuous collision detection using swept volume for avatars SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION AB We present an interactive algorithm for continuous collision detection between a moving avatar and its surrounding virtual environment. Our algorithm is able to compute the first time of contact between the avatar and the environment interactively, and also guarantees within a user-provided error threshold that no collision ever happens before the first contact occurs. We model the avatar as an articulated body using line skeletons with constant offsets and the virtual environment as a collection of polygonized objects. Given the position and orientation of the avatar at discrete time steps, we use an arbitrary in-between motion to interpolate the path for each link between discrete instances. We bound the swept space of each link using interval arithmetic and dynamically compute a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) to cull links that are not in close proximity to the objects in the virtual environment. The swept volumes (SVs) of the remaining links are used to check for possible interference and estimate the time of collision between the surface of the SV and the rest of the objects. Furthermore, we use graphics hardware to accelerate collision queries on the dynamically generated swept surfaces. Our approach requires no precomputation and is applicable to general articulated bodies that do not contain a loop. We have implemented the algorithm on a 2.8 GHz Pentium IV PC with an NVIDIA GeForce 6800 Ultra graphics card and applied it to an avatar with 16 links, moving in a virtual environment composed of hundreds of thousands of polygons. Our prototype system is able to detect all contacts between the moving avatar and the environment in 10 - 30 ms. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul, South Korea. INRIA Rhone Alpes, Montbonnot St Martin, France. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul, South Korea. EM kimy@ewha.ac.kr OI Manocha, Dinesh/0000-0001-7047-9801 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 206 EP 223 DI 10.1162/pres.16.2.206 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 145LA UT WOS:000244865300005 ER PT J AU Chin, A Ellison, DS Poehlein, SK AF Chin, Anton Ellison, Daniel S. Poehlein, Sara K. TI Investigation of the decomposition mechanism and thermal stability of nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine based propellants by electron spin resonance SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE nitrocellulose; nitroglycerin; propellants; electron spin resonance; stablizer ID NITROCELLULOSE AB Nitrocellulose based (NC) and nitroglycerin based (NG) propellants often have a fixed acid and water content during the manufacturing time. After manufacture, the quantity and ratio of acid/water will continue to vary depending upon the conditions of storage and operation. The level of variation depends on many factors such as loading density, temperature, volume of ullage and sealing condition of the containing cartridge, just to name a few. As described in this paper and other literature, the degradation mechanisms and aging processes of NC/NG based propellants are extremely complicated. This paper describes the details of the application of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) to study if the free-radical mechanism is involved in the decomposition of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Due to the high free-radical intensity possessed by the propellant composition, we believe that a a complex intermediate may be formed between DPA and NG and/or NC. The formation of a it complex intermediate is not preferred because it may enhance the rate of decomposition of nitrate esters. Correlation between heat flow curve, stabilizer depletion and free-radical distribution has been evaluated. An intramolecular decomposition mechanism is preferred, because it prevents the possibility that the NOx from NNODPA or NNDPA may interact with the NC and NG again during the rearrangement process. Since the acidity of the propellant composition continues to change during the aging process, multiple mechanisms may proceed simultaneously. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Test & Evaluat Dept,Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Indiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Chin, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Test & Evaluat Dept,Ordnance Engn Directorate, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM anton.chin@navy.mil NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1002/prep.200700013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 163WG UT WOS:000246193300002 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Peterson, DM Armstrong, JT Clark, JH Gilbreath, GC Pauls, T Schmitt, HR Zagarello, RJ AF Yoon, Jinmi Peterson, Deane M. Armstrong, J. Thomas Clark, James H., III Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Pauls, Thomas Schmitt, Henrique R. Zagarello, Robert J. TI The effect of rotation on calibrators for ground-based interferometry SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; EVOLUTIONARY STATE; VISUAL ORBIT; CHARA ARRAY; PROCYON-A; STARS; CATALOG; CONTINUUM; MODELS AB We consider the problem introduced by rotation in the use of early-type stars as calibrators for optical interferometry. These objects have high surface brightnesses and hence are relatively bright, even with small angular diameters. However, rotation can introduce changes in the predicted visibilities well in excess of the uncertainties in the various diameter-magnitude-color calibrations. Measurements of the projected rotational velocity constrain these effects, but the constraints are complicated and not easily evaluated when selecting potential calibrators. Furthermore, the magnitude of the variations depends on the details of the interferometer, such as latitude, baseline length, and operating wavelength. Nevertheless, using measured magnitudes, colors, parallaxes, and projected rotational velocities, and estimating masses from standard evolutionary grids, we are able to calculate histograms that approximate the probability distribution of the visibilities and allow us to characterize the width of the distribution of squared visibilities and the total range induced by rotation. We have found that proximity to the ZAMS adds a valuable constraint, allowing stars with moderate rotation to be reliable calibrators in a number of cases. Catalogs characterizing the sensitivity of the visibilities of potential calibrators to rotation are presented for a number of standard interferometer configurations. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inteferometrics Inc, Herndon, VA USA. PCPION, S Setauket, NY USA. RP Yoon, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jyoon@grad.physics.sunysb.edu; dpeterson@astro.sunysb.edu; tarmstr@nrl.navy.mil; jhc@sextans.lowell.edu; gilbreath@nrl.navy.mil; pauls@nrl.navy.mil; hschmitt@nrl.navy.mil; rzagarello@mail.astro.sunysb.edu OI Yoon, Jinmi/0000-0002-4168-239X NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD APR PY 2007 VL 119 IS 854 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1086/518270 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 161IS UT WOS:000246008700008 ER PT J AU Thompson, WT Holt, T Pullen, J AF Thompson, William T. Holt, Teddy Pullen, Julie TI Investigation of a sea breeze front in an urban environments SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sea breeze front; urban canopy; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability ID NEW-YORK-CITY; INLAND PENETRATION; GRAVITY-CURRENT; MESOSCALE; MODEL; AREA; PARAMETERIZATION; FRONTOGENESIS; FEATURES; SYSTEM AB The dynamics of a sea breeze front interacting with the heavily urbanized New York City area are examined. In addition, we investigate the impact of the urban-influenced sea breeze front on transport and diffusion of simulated passive tracer plumes. We employ the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS (R) - a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory) to perform a nested simulation with data assimilation for the sea breeze event of 9 August 2004. Available surface and upper-air observations are used to validate the simulation. We also perform a sensitivity study in which the urban influence is removed (no-urban). The sea breeze front has characteristics of a density current, including an elevated head at the leading edge. The density current moves slowly and unevenly across the city. Kelvin - Helmholtz billows form in the region of the density current head, and the results show evidence of the occurrence of Kelvin - Helmholtz instability (KHI). The density current head is greatly elevated owing to the enhanced surface drag of the urban area. This urban influence is further explored in the no-urban simulation, in which the head of the density current is not elevated to the same degree and KHI does not occur. The sea breeze/density current has a large impact on transport and diffusion of simulated tracer plumes, not only changing the direction of plume motion due to the wind shift but also redistributing tracer material in the vertical so as to produce dramatic, rapid changes in near-surface concentration as the front passes. In particular, large upward vertical velocity at the head of the density current advects tracer material to large elevations, greatly reducing near-surface concentration. After passage of the front, tracer is released into the shallow density current and confined near the surface, enhancing nearsurface concentrations. KHI results in turbulent mixing at the upper surface of the plume, allowing for a small reduction in near-surface concentration. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM thompson@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 624 BP 579 EP 594 DI 10.1002/qj.52 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 178LE UT WOS:000247221400004 ER PT J AU Smith, RB Doyle, JD Jiang, QF Smith, SA AF Smith, Ronald B. Doyle, James D. Jiang, Qingfang Smith, Samantha A. TI Alpine gravity waves: Lessons from MAP regarding mountain wave generation and breaking SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE internal gravity waves; numerical modelling; Mesoscale Alpine Programme ID OROGRAPHIC-DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY BANNERS; BACK-SHEARED FLOW; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE FRICTION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; PREDICTION MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; HYDROSTATIC FLOW AB The two-month special observing period of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) in autumn 1999 included a variety of complex mountain wave events. Seven wave events were carefully analyzed, compared with numerical models and described in published papers. These detailed investigations revealed some common dynamical elements, i.e. the importance of low-level processes involving the slow-moving boundary layer, low-level wind shear causing either wave absorption or decoupling/spilling, upstream blocking, and latent heat release. Based on these studies, it is clear that any quantitative prediction of mountain wave generation must take full account of these lower troposphere processes. The newest numerical models show significant skill in simulating these effects. Using these models, the climatology of waves over the Alps can be studied. Copyright (c) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. UCAR, Monterey, CA USA. MetOff, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Smith, RB (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. EM ronald.Smith@yale.edu NR 96 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 625 BP 917 EP 936 DI 10.1002/qj.103 PN B PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 197LC UT WOS:000248555900008 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Twigg, JN Roland, DF Schrader, HS Pathak, JA Roland, CM AF Mott, P. H. Twigg, J. N. Roland, D. F. Schrader, H. S. Pathak, J. A. Roland, C. M. TI High-speed tensile test instrument SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RUBBER; IMPACT; DEFORMATION; RETRACTION; BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; FOAM AB A novel high-speed tensile test instrument is described, capable of measuring the mechanical response of elastomers at strain rates ranging from 10 to 1600 s(-1) for strains through failure. The device employs a drop weight that engages levers to stretch a sample on a horizontal track. To improve dynamic equilibrium, a common problem in high speed testing, equal and opposite loading was applied to each end of the sample. Demonstrative results are reported for two elastomers at strain rates to 588 s(-1) with maximum strains of 4.3. At the higher strain rates, there is a substantial inertial contribution to the measured force, an effect unaccounted for in prior works using the drop weight technique. The strain rates were essentially constant over most of the strain range and fill a three-decade gap in the data from existing methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, La Plata, MD 20646 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.mott@nrl.navy.mil; mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 AR 045105 DI 10.1063/1.2719643 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 162FZ UT WOS:000246073500049 PM 17477691 ER PT J AU Merdes, DW Suhan, JM Keay, JM Hadka, DM Bradley, WR AF Merdes, D. W. Suhan, J. M. Keay, J. M. Hadka, D. M. Bradley, W. R. TI The investigation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of biological contaminants on surfaces SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; LIBS; DISCRIMINATION; OPTIMIZATION; SAMPLES AB The potential utility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a means to detect biological contaminants on painted surfaces is investigated. Issues involving the use of LIBS for detection of biologicals are discussed. The apparatus assembled for this work is described, as is the manner in which samples of bare copper and painted substrates onto which thin layers of bacterial spores, pollen, molds, and contaminants were prepared. A chemometric analysis methodology consisting of spectral preprocessing, principal components analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis yields an automated classification tool that was able to identify bacterial spores with a false positive rate of 1% and a false negative rate of 3%. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Merdes, DW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI DULUTH PA 131 W 1ST STREET, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY-US JI Spectroscopy PD APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 28 EP + PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 157SB UT WOS:000245739900003 ER PT J AU Conway, TL Woodruff, SI Hervig, LK AF Conway, Terry L. Woodruff, Susan I. Hervig, Linda K. TI Women's smoking history prior to entering the US Navy: a prospective predictor of performance SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES MILITARY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; TOBACCO USE; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; PERSONNEL; MEN; ASSOCIATION; ALCOHOL; HEALTH AB Objective: To examine whether women's tobacco use prior to entering the US Navy is predictive of subsequent career performance. A priori predictions were that smoking at entry into the Navy would be related to early attrition, poorer job performance, more disciplinary problems and lower likelihood of re-enlistment. Methods: A prospective cohort analysis of 5487 women entering the US Navy between March 1996 and March 1997 was conducted. Navy attrition/retention and career performance measures, such as time in service, early attrition, type of discharge, misconduct, number of promotions, demotions and unauthorised absences, highest paygrade achieved, and re-enlistment were examined. Results: Compared with never smokers, daily smokers at entry into the US Navy had subsequent career outcomes consistently indicating poorer job performance (eg, early attrition prior to serving a full-term enlistment, more likely to have a less-than-honourable discharge, more demotions and desertions, lower achieved paygrade and less likely to re-enlist). Other types of smokers consistently fell between never and daily smokers on career outcome measures. Conclusions: For women entering the US Navy, being a daily smoker is a prospective predictor of poorer performance in the Navy. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of cessation intervention with smoker-enlistees prior to their entering the Navy, to assess the impact on subsequent career outcomes. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Conway, TL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 9245 Sky Pk Court,Suite 120, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM tconway@mail.sdsu.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1136/tc.2006.016436 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 152GR UT WOS:000245350100010 PM 17400943 ER PT J AU King, CR Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC AF King, Christopher R. Freedland, Stephen J. Terris, Martha K. Aronson, William J. Kane, Christopher J. Amling, Christopher L. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. TI Optimal timing, cutoff, and method of calculation of preoperative prostate-specific antigen velocity to predict relapse after prostatectomy: A report from SEARCH SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PSA VELOCITY; DOUBLING TIME; CANCER; INTERVAL AB OBJECTIVES Preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV), the rate of PSA rise preceding diagnosis, predicts for relapse and cancer death after prostatectomy or radiotherapy. We studied the timing, cutoff levels, and method of calculation to better define its usefulness. METHODS The rates of biochemical relapse were examined in 471 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with previous PSA history available. PSAV was calculated by two methods, as the difference between two PSAs divided by time, or as the slope of all available PSAs within that interval. Kaplan-Meier relapse-free survival was compared among the groups with various intervals and cutoff levels in their preoperative PSAV definition. Univariate and multivariate analysis examined all preoperative factors and PSAV for their association with relapse. RESULTS The two methods of PSAV calculation yielded values within 5% of each other (R-2 = 0.91). A PSA history that precedes RP by at least 12 months is necessary. A PSAV cutoff level of 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr appeared optimal for a PSA interval spanning 12 to 24 months before RP (P = 0.008). PSAV using a longer interval (24 to 36 months) before RP appeared more sensitive, with a cutoff of I ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 1 ng/mL/yr (P = 0.029) and 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr (P = 0.0041) associated with relapse. A preoperative PSAV of 2 ng/mL/yr or less versus greater than 2 ng/mL/yr was an independent factor associated with the risk of relapse after RP. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that preoperative PSAV is independently associated with relapse after RP. However, a minimum interval of 12 months before RP is needed, and a PSAV cutoff level of 2 ng/mL/yr appears optimal. A simple two-point method of calculating PSAV is reliable. UROLOGY 69: 732-737, 2007.(C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Div Urol Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP King, CR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Div Urol Oncol, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM crking@stanford.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD APR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.01.019 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 167TK UT WOS:000246474800029 PM 17445660 ER PT J AU Chau, KJ Johnson, M Elezzabi, AY AF Chau, K. J. Johnson, Mark Elezzabi, A. Y. TI Electron-spin-dependent terahertz light transport in spintronic-plasmonic media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this Letter, we demonstrate that electron spin can influence near-field mediated light propagation through a dense ensemble of subwavelength bimetallic ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic microparticles. In particular, we show that ferromagnetic particles coated with nonmagnetic metal nanolayers exhibit an enhanced magnetic field controlled attenuation of the electromagnetic field propagated through the sample. The mechanism is related to dynamic, electromagnetically induced electron spin accumulation in the nonmagnet. The discovery of an electron spin phenomenon in the light interaction with metallic particles opens the door to the marriage of spintronic and plasmonic technologies and could pave the way for the development of light-based devices that exploit the electron spin state. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ultrafast Photon & Nanoopt Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chau, KJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ultrafast Photon & Nanoopt Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RI Chau, Kenneth/H-9020-2012 NR 10 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 13 AR 133901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.133901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 152AD UT WOS:000245331500033 PM 17501200 ER PT J AU Lebenson, JR Fitzgerald, JP AF Lebenson, Joshua R. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. TI INOR 747-Iron(II) tetraanthracenylporphyrazine: A sterically hindered complex binds CO but not O2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lebenson, Joshua R.; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m073714@usna.edu; fitzgera@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 747-INOR BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722806039 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, Brett I. TI Molecular symmetry and variational perturbation theory in analytic density functional theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dunlap, Brett I.] USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 314-COMP BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802080 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Chervin, CN Pettigrew, KA Long, JW AF Rolison, Debra R. Chervin, Christopher N. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Long, Jeffrey W. TI INOR 501-Varying oxygen ion transport in doped ceria nanoarchitectures: Effect on catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Long, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 501-INOR BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722806087 ER PT J AU Richardson, SL Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Richardson, Steven L. Zope, Rajendra R. Baruah, Tunna Pederson, Mark R. TI First-principles studies of sila-diamondoids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richardson, Steven L.] Howard Univ, Sch Engn, NSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Zope, Rajendra R.; Baruah, Tunna] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79958 USA. [Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM srichards22@comcast.net; rzope@utep.edu; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 248-COMP BP 205 EP 205 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802203 ER PT J AU Lin, S Matson, ML Fitzgerald, JP AF Lin, Shirley Matson, Michael L. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. TI Creating a customized, relevant, and engaging laboratory safety video SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Shirley; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Matson, Michael L.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM fitzgera@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1817-CHED BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722804354 ER PT J AU Koplin, SA Lin, S Domanski, T AF Koplin, Stephen A. Lin, Shirley Domanski, Tammy TI Antimicrobial activity of cationic poly(ethylenimine) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koplin, Stephen A.; Lin, Shirley; Domanski, Tammy] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 787-CHED BP 366 EP 366 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722804365 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Ray, R Little, B Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Miniature microbial fuel cells incorporating nanoporous sterilization membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Alternat Energy Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky] USN, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Little, Brenda] USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil; ricky.ray@nrlssc.navy.mil; bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 234-ENVR BP 370 EP 370 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802320 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM Qadri, SB AF Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K. Keller, Teddy M. Qadri, Syed B. TI Pyrolytic formation of Fe5Si3 nanoparticles from a diacetylene-ferrocenyl-containing siloxane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kolel-Veetil, Manoj K.; Keller, Teddy M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manoj.kolel-veetil@nrl.navy.mil; keller1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 544-INOR BP 399 EP 399 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805388 ER PT J AU Moriarty, RM Chandrasekera, NS Mitan, CI Surve, BC Parrish, DA AF Moriarty, Robert M. Chandrasekera, N. Susantha Mitan, Carmen I. Surve, Bhushan C. Parrish, Damon A. TI CARB 53-Seven-membered iminocyclitols: Synthesis of 4R,5R,6S-trihydroxydiazapenones SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moriarty, Robert M.; Chandrasekera, N. Susantha; Mitan, Carmen I.; Surve, Bhushan C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moriarty@uic.edu; nchand5@uic.edu; cmitan@uic.edu; bsurve1@uic.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 53-CARB BP 564 EP 564 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800488 ER PT J AU Tieman, CA Schroeder, MJ AF Tieman, Craig A. Schroeder, Maria J. TI Investigations of polymer coatings for armor protection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tieman, Craig A.; Schroeder, Maria J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 796-CHED BP 608 EP 608 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803600 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Dillner, DK Ferrante, RF Fitzgerald, JP Heuer, WB AF Schroeder, Maria J. Dillner, Debra K. Ferrante, Robert F. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Heuer, William B. TI Crossing traditional boundaries with an integrated laboratory curriculum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schroeder, Maria J.; Dillner, Debra K.; Ferrante, Robert F.; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.; Heuer, William B.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu; dillner@usna.edu; ferrante@usna.edu; fitzgera@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 164-CHED BP 615 EP 615 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803607 ER PT J AU Kulevich, JL Van Doren, JM Soares, EJ Morris, RE Johnson, KJ AF Kulevich, Julianne L. Van Doren, Jane M. Soares, Edward J. Morris, Robert E. Johnson, Kevin J. TI Jet fuel characterization on the battlefield: Method development SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kulevich, Julianne L.; Van Doren, Jane M.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Soares, Edward J.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Morris, Robert E.; Johnson, Kevin J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlkule08@holycross.edu; jvandore@holycross.edu; morris4@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kevinj@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 333-CHED BP 647 EP 647 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722804645 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Wynne, JH Cozzens, RF AF Lloyd, Christopher T. Wynne, James H. Cozzens, Robert F. TI Effect of crosslink density of poly(methyl methacrylate) upon laser irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lloyd, Christopher T.; Wynne, James H.; Cozzens, Robert F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.lloyd@nrl.navy.mil; cozzens@nrl.navy.mi NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 105-IEC BP 712 EP 712 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802614 ER PT J AU Stalick, WM Honeychuck, RV Pant, RR Rogers, M AF Stalick, Wayne M. Honeychuck, Robert V. Pant, Ramesh R. Rogers, Magnus TI MEDI 167-Structure-based design and evaluation of peptide and peptido-mimetic antagonists of Survivin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stalick, Wayne M.] Univ Cent Missouri, Dept Chem & Phys, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Honeychuck, Robert V.; Rogers, Magnus] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pant, Ramesh R.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wstalick@cmsu.edu; ramesh.pant@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 41-MEDI BP 938 EP 938 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722806780 ER PT J AU Barrow, AJ Lytle, JC Capecelatro, AN Fischer, AE Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Barrow, Amanda J. Lytle, Justin C. Capecelatro, Alex N. Fischer, Anne E. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Design and fabrication of size-tunable porous electrode nanoarchitectures for energy storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barrow, Amanda J.; Lytle, Justin C.; Capecelatro, Alex N.; Fischer, Anne E.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM barrowa@union.edu; justin.lytle@nrl.navy.mil; acaps@ucla.edu; anne.fischer@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 192-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801571 ER PT J AU Chervin, CN Long, JW Pettigrew, KA Rolison, DR AF Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Pettigrew, Katherine A. Rolison, Debra R. TI Integrated, nanoarchitectured proton-exchange fuel-cell electrodes-without ionomer or carbon SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil; pettigrew@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 32-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801560 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Yandek, GR Petteys, BJ Connor, D AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Yandek, Gregory R. Petteys, Brian J. Connor, D. TI New cyanate ester and poly-p-phenylene resins with low moisture absorption and improved thermal stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Petteys, Brian J.; Connor, D.] USN, Polymer Sci & Engn Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; Michael.Wright@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 569-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100390 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Sando, GM Dahl, K AF Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Sando, Gerald M. Dahl, Kevin TI Vibrational and photodetachment dynamics of anions in reverse micelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Sando, Gerald M.; Dahl, Kevin] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 616-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807472 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR AF Pederson, Mark R. TI Density-functional based simulation of spin-ordered molecular magnets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pederson, Mark R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 101-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722807628 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Pinney, J AF Purdy, Andrew P. Pinney, Jenae TI Synthesis and polymerization of sulfolane-3-propenyl ether SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Purdy, Andrew P.; Pinney, Jenae] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.purdy@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 565-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100022 ER PT J AU Stine, R McCoy, KM Mulvaney, SP Whitman, LJ AF Stine, Rory McCoy, Kendra M. Mulvaney, Shawn P. Whitman, Lloyd J. TI Biofunctionalizing nitride surfaces without silanes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stine, Rory; McCoy, Kendra M.; Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Whitman, Lloyd J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rory.stine@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 571-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722801199 ER PT J AU Van Linn, ML Forsterling, FH Kumpaty, HJ Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Van Linn, Michael L. Foersterling, F. Holger Kumpaty, Hephzibah J. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cook, James M. TI Epimerization kinetics of electronically altered 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Linn, Michael L.; Foersterling, F. Holger; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Kumpaty, Hephzibah J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matters, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mvanlinn@uwm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 86-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722808293 ER PT J AU Jarosz, E Mitchell, DA Wang, DW Teague, WJ AF Jarosz, Ewa Mitchell, Douglas A. Wang, David W. Teague, William J. TI Bottom-up determination of air-sea momentum exchange under a major tropical cyclone SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRAG COEFFICIENT; HURRICANE-IVAN; WIND SPEEDS; SHELF; VARIABILITY; CURRENTS; WAVES AB As a result of increasing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, an accurate forecasting of cyclone evolution and ocean response is becoming even more important to reduce threats to lives and property in coastal regions. To improve predictions, accurate evaluation of the air-sea momentum exchange is required. Using current observations recorded during a major tropical cyclone, we have estimated this momentum transfer from the ocean side of the air-sea interface, and we discuss it in terms of the drag coefficient. For winds between 20 and 48 meters per second, this coefficient initially increases and peaks at winds of about 32 meters per second before decreasing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jarosz, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ewa.jarosz@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5819 BP 1707 EP 1709 DI 10.1126/science.1136466 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 148WA UT WOS:000245106900038 PM 17379807 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Hooper, JP Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Hooper, Joseph P. Kuklja, Maija M. TI Ab initio studies of crystalline nitromethane under high pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DERIVATIVE DISCONTINUITIES; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; SOLID NITROMETHANE; QUASI-PARTICLE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; BAND-GAPS; ENERGY; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPRESSION AB We have studied the mechanical compressibility and band structure of solid nitromethane both in equilibrium and compressed states using Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) with atom-centered all-electron linear combination of atomic orbitals basis sets. Hartree-Fock calculations with a 6-21G basis set, uncorrected for basis set superposition error, gave the best agreement with experimental compression studies. These results may be due to the cancellation of basis set superposition error with dispersion force errors. The equilibrium DFT band gap is comparable to the lowest-energy feature in electron-impact spectroscopy of nitromethane but underpredicts the optical absorption gap; we interpret these features in terms of the presence of tightly bound excitons. Only minor changes in the gap are observed under hydrostatic compression. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 11 AR 114701 DI 10.1063/1.2713102 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149BA UT WOS:000245120400035 PM 17381222 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Ray, R Little, B AF Ringeisen, Bradley R. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda TI A miniature microbial fuel cell operating with an aerobic anode chamber SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Battery-Association/Hawaii Battery Conference (IBA-HBC 2006) CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Hilo, HI SP TIMCAL DE microbial fuel cell (MFC); mediated; aerobic; anaerobic; miniature microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC); Shewanella oneidensis ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS DSP10; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; POWER; REDUCTION; OXYGEN AB A miniature microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC) is described that utilizes an aerobic culture of Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 as the active electrochemical species in the anode chamber. We find that the maximum aerobic mini-MFC power without the addition of exogenous mediators was 0.40 mW, a 33% decrease when compared with an anaerobic DSP10 culture (0.6 mW) operating in the mini-MFC. This decrease is most likely due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in the anode chamber that scavenges electrons to form water, thereby reducing the number of electrons donated to the anode. Aerobic power and current density at maximum power using the true surface area of the anode (611 cm(2)) were calculated to be 6.5 mW m(-2) and 13 mA m(-2). The power density rises to 2.0 W m(-2) and 330 W m(-3) when calculated using the cross-sectional area and volume of the device (2 cm(2), 1.2 cm(3)). The Coulombic efficiency was also reduced from 11 to 5% when using the aerobic versus anaerobic culture. Similar results were found when the external mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) was added to the aerobic culture, resulting in a maximum power of 0.54 mW, a 37% drop in power when compared to the anaerobic mediated system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bradley.Ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.026 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100013 ER PT J AU Stux, AM Swider-Lyons, KE AF Stux, Arnold M. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Improved high power Li-ion batteries with Li2RuO3 addition: A fast charging and fast cycling study SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Battery-Association/Hawaii Battery Conference (IBA-HBC 2006) CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Hilo, HI SP TIMCAL DE rapid recharging; microbatteries; Li-ion batteries; Li2RuO3; Li4Ti5O12; high rate ID LITHIUM; RUO2; LI2-XRUO3; CAPACITY; CELLS AB The high-rate charging and cycling of Li-ion batteries is improved by blending Li2RuO3 into LiCoO2 cathodes in cells with Li4Ti5O12 anodes. The cathode-limited cells have greater discharge capacities when Li2RuO3-containing cathodes are recharged up to 2C rates. The Li4Ti5O12/Li2RuO3 + LiCoO2 cells also show capacity increases over initial cycles and minimal capacity decay when cycled at a 2C rate over 50 cycles. These benefits are attributed to the reduced cell impedance of the Li2RuO3-containing cathodes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stux, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6113, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM arnold.stux@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 2 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 152NQ UT WOS:000245369100020 ER PT J AU Larson, G Cucchi, T Fujita, M Matisoo-Smith, E Robins, J Anderson, A Rolett, B Spriggs, M Dolman, G Kim, TH Thuy, NTD Randi, E Doherty, M Due, RA Bollt, R Djubiantono, T Griffin, B Intoh, M Keane, E Kirch, P Li, KT Morwood, M Pedrina, LM Piper, PJ Rabett, RJ Shooter, P Van den Bergh, G West, E Wickler, S Yuan, J Cooper, A Dobney, K AF Larson, Greger Cucchi, Thomas Fujita, Masakatsu Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth Robins, Judith Anderson, Atholl Rolett, Barry Spriggs, Matthew Dolman, Gaynor Kim, Tae-Hun Thuy, Nguyen Thi Dieu Randi, Ettore Doherty, Moira Due, Rokus Awe Bollt, Robert Djubiantono, Tony Griffin, Bion Intoh, Michiko Keane, Emile Kirch, Patrick Li, Kuang-Ti Morwood, Michael Pedrina, Lolita M. Piper, Philip J. Rabett, Ryan J. Shooter, Peter Van den Bergh, Gert West, Eric Wickler, Stephen Yuan, Jing Cooper, Alan Dobney, Keith TI Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in island southeast Asia and Oceania SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE domestication; mtDNA; Pacific colonization; phylogeography ID EASTERN INDONESIA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PIGS; ORIGINS; TAIWAN; SHAPE AB Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (based primarily on linguistic, genetic, and archeological data) have been proposed. Here, through the use of mtDNA from 781 modern and ancient Sus specimens, we provide evidence for an early human-mediated translocation of the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) to Flores and Timor and two later separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) through Island Southeast Asia into Oceania. Of the later dispersal routes, one is unequivocally associated with the Neolithic (Lapita) and later Polynesian migrations and links modern and archeological Javan, Sumatran, Wallacean, and oceanic pigs with mainland Southeast Asian S. scrofa. Archeological and genetic evidence shows these pigs were certainly introduced to islands east of the Wallace Line, including New Guinea, and that so-called "wild" pigs within this region are most likely feral descendants of domestic pigs introduced by early agriculturalists. The other later pig dispersal links mainland East Asian pigs to western Micronesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These results provide important data with which to test current models for human dispersal in the region. C1 Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Durham, Dept Archaeol, Durham DH1 3L, England. Univ Auckland, Dept Anthropol, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Allan Wilson Ctr mol Ecol & Evolut, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Hawaii, Dept Anthropol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Pacific & Asian Studies, Dept Archaeol & Nat Hist, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Arts, Sch Archaeol & Anthropol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Ancient DNA Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Natl Livestock Res Inst Rural Dev Adm, Anim Genom & Bioinformat Div, Anim Genom Lab, Suwon 441706, South Korea. Vietnamese Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Biotechnol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, Genet Lab, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. Indonesian Ctr Archaeol, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia. Natl Museum Ethnol, Dept Social Res, Suita, Osaka 5658511, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Anthropol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Hist Philol, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ New England, Sch Human & Environm Studies, Dept Archaeol & Palaeoanthropol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Univ York, Dept Archaeol, Ctr Palaeoecol & Evolut, York YO1 7EP, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Cambridge, McDonald Inst Archaeol Res, Cambridge CB2 3ER, England. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. USN, Facil Engn Command Pacific, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. Univ Tromso, Museum, Dept Archaeol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Chinese Acad Social Sci, Archaeol Inst, Res Ctr Archaeol Sci, Beijing 100710, Peoples R China. Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 5197, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodivers, F-75231 Paris 5, France. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Henry Wellcome Ancient Biomol Ctr, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Larson, G (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Box 597, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. EM greger.larson@imbim.uu.se; k.m.dobney@durham.ac.uk RI Cooper, Alan/E-8171-2012; Dolman, Gaynor/I-4497-2015 OI Cooper, Alan/0000-0002-7738-7851; NR 37 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 53 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 12 BP 4834 EP 4839 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607753104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150YY UT WOS:000245256700015 PM 17360400 ER PT J AU Hou, WL Lee, ZP Weidemann, AD AF Hou, Weilin Lee, Zhongping Weidemann, Alan D. TI Why does the Secchi disk disappear? An imaging perspective SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER CLARITY AB The widely-used Secchi disk method is re-examined from the modulation transfer aspect. Namely, by assuming a volume scattering function and applying small angle scattering approximation, we show that the Secchi depth and horizontal visibility can be determined using the water modulation transfer function and the corresponding spatial frequencies associated with the disk. A basic equation of Secchi disk is reached that is comparable to the radiative transfer approach, in that the Secchi depth is inversely proportional to the attenuation coefficient ( c). With typical values for parameters applied, we demonstrate that the modulation transfer technique produces a horizontal visibility range of about 4.8/ c, which is inline with previous studies. The improvement lies in the fact that the current approach correctly addresses the response of all spatial frequencies according to the modeled optical transfer function of the water. In terms of Secchi disk theory, the current approach helps to understand the effect of disk size as well as the role of scattering on the Secchi disk depth. The approach presented provides an understanding of Secchi disk disappearance by showing that as the disk is moved away from the observer, the spatial frequencies corresponding to the disk size increase, while the modulation transfer dampens contrast at an increased rate. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hou@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2791 EP 2802 DI 10.1364/OE.15.002791 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148LN UT WOS:000245076200005 PM 19532517 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M Dutton, Z AF Fatemi, F. K. Bashkansky, M. Dutton, Z. TI Dynamic high-speed spatial manipulation of cold atoms using acousto-optic and spatial light modulation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL TRAP; GENERATION; BEAMS; PHASE AB We demonstrate an experimental technique for high-resolution, high-speed spatial manipulation of atom clouds. By combining holographically engineered laser beams from a spatial light modulator with off-axis shear mode acousto-optic deflectors, we manipulate 1 x 3 arrays of cold atoms with individual site addressability. Additionally, we demonstrate smooth 2-dimensional motion of atomic ensembles, and the ability to guide multiple atomic ensembles independently. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 19 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3589 EP 3596 DI 10.1364/OE.15.003589 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148LN UT WOS:000245076200091 PM 19532603 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Weidemann, A Kindle, J Arnone, R Carder, KL Davis, C AF Lee, ZhongPing Weidemann, Alan Kindle, John Arnone, Robert Carder, Kendall L. Davis, Curtiss TI Euphotic zone depth: Its derivation and implication to ocean-color remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; HEATING RATE; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; COASTAL WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MODEL; IRRADIANCE AB Euphotic zone depth, z(1%), reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation ( PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z(1%) is a measure of water clarity, which is an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption, z(1%) can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived concentration of chlorophyll-a ([ Chl]), commonly retrieved by employing band ratios of remote sensing reflectance ( R-rs). Recently, a model based on water's inherent optical properties ( IOPs) has been developed to describe the vertical attenuation of visible solar radiation. Since IOPs can be near-analytically calculated from R-rs, so too can z(1%). In this study, for measurements made over three different regions and at different seasons ( z(1%) were in a range of 4.3-82.0 m with [ Chl] ranging from 0.07 to 49.4 mg/m(3)), z(1%) calculated from R-rs was compared with z(1%) from in situ measured PAR profiles. It is found that the z(1%) values calculated via R-rs-derived IOPs are, on average, within similar to 14% of the measured values, and similar results were obtained for depths of 10% and 50% of surface PAR. In comparison, however, the error was similar to 33% when z(1%) is calculated via R-rs-derived [ Chl]. Further, the importance of deriving euphotic zone depth from satellite ocean-color remote sensing is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lee, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 61 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03009 DI 10.1029/2006JC003802 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 147RA UT WOS:000245018900002 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, Yaakov S. Hellberg, C. Stephen TI Scalable architecture for coherence-preserving qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL QUANTUM COMPUTATION; DECOHERENCE-FREE SUBSPACES; MANIPULATION; DOTS AB We propose scalable architectures for the coherence-preserving qubits introduced by Bacon, Brown, and Whaley [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 247902 (2001)]. These architectures employ extra qubits providing additional degrees of freedom to the system. These extra degrees of freedom can be used to counter coupling strength errors within the coherence-preserving qubit and combat interactions with environmental qubits. Importantly, these architectures provide flexibility in qubit arrangement, allowing all physical qubits to be arranged in two spatial dimensions. C1 Mitre Corp, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. EM weinstein@mitre.org; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 11 AR 110501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.110501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 146UD UT WOS:000244959300009 PM 17501034 ER PT J AU Pomfret, MB Owrutsky, JC Walker, RA AF Pomfret, Michael B. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Walker, Robert A. TI In situ studies of fuel oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CERMET ANODES; NI; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ACTIVATION; ELECTRODES; IMPEDANCE; DEPOSITS AB Existing electrochemical experiments and models of fuel oxidation postulate about the importance of different oxidation pathways and relative fuel conversion efficiencies, but specific information is often lacking. Experiments described below present the first direct, in situ measurements of relevant chemical species formed on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cermet anodes operating with both butane and CO fuel feeds. Raman spectroscopy is used to acquire vibrational spectra from SOFC anodes at 715 degrees C during operation. Both C4H10 and CO form graphitic intermediates. In the limit of a large oxide flux, excess butane forms ordered graphite but only transiently. At higher cell potentials (e.g., less current being drawn) ordered and disordered graphite form on the Ni cermet anode following exposure to butane, and under open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions the graphite persists indefinitely. The chemistry of CO oxidation is such that ordered graphite and a Ni-COO intermediate form only at intermediate cell potentials. Concurrent voltammetry studies show that the formation of graphite with butane at OCV leads first to decreased cell performance after exposure to 25 cm(3) butane, then recovered performance after 75 cm(3). CO voltammetry data show that at lower potentials the oxide flux through the YSZ electrolyte is sufficient to oxidize the Ni in the anode especially near the interface with the electrolyte. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Walker, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rawalker@umd.edu RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2367 EP 2372 DI 10.1021/ac062189o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100023 PM 17295449 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Pietron, J Ray, R Little, B Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Pietron, Jeremy Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI A biofilm enhanced miniature microbial fuel cell using Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 and oxygen reduction cathodes SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE microbial fuel cell; Shewanella oneidensis; DSP10; mini-MFC; biofilm ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; MEDIATOR-LESS; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; BACTERIAL ADHESION; HARVESTING ENERGY; WASTE-WATER; PERFORMANCE; MEMBRANE; POWER AB A miniature-microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC, chamber volume: 1.2 mL) was used to monitor biofilm development from a pure culture of Shewanella oneidensis DSP10 on graphite felt (GF) under minimal nutrient conditions. ESEM evidence of biofilm formation on GF is supported by substantial power density (per device cross-section) from the mini-MFC when using an acellular minimal media anolyte (1500 mW/m(2)) . These experiments demonstrate that power density per volume for a biofilm flow reactor MFC should be calculated using the anode chamber volume alone (250 W/m(3)), rather than with the full anolyte volume. Two oxygen reduction cathodes (uncoated GF or a Pt/vulcanized carbon coating on GF) were also compared to a cathode using uncoated GF and a 50 mM ferricyanide catholyte solution. The Pt/C-GF (2-4% Pt by mass) electrodes with liquid cultures of DSPIO produced one order of magnitude larger power density (150 W/m(3)) than bare graphite felt (12 W/m(3)) in this design. These advances are some of the required modifications to enable the mini-MFC to be used in real-time, long-term environmental power generating situations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bradley.Ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1672 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2006.07.027 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 142US UT WOS:000244676300015 PM 16939710 ER PT J AU Quigley, M Linfesty, RL Bethel, K Sharpe, R AF Quigley, Michael Linfesty, Ronald L. Bethel, Kelly Sharpe, Robert TI Stubby elliptocytes are an invariable feature of leukoerythroblastosis SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Lab Dept, San Diego, CA 92129 USA. RP Quigley, M (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Lab Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92129 USA. EM mmquigley@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 6 BP 2666 EP 2666 DI 10.1182/blood-2006-10-055020 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 147LO UT WOS:000245004700063 PM 17341668 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Willauer, HD Wynne, JH Laskoski, M Lloyd, CT Keller, TM AF Mushrush, George W. Willauer, Heather D. Wynne, James H. Laskoski, Matthew Lloyd, Christopher T. Keller, Teddy M. TI Middle distillate fuel stability: Straightforward methods for improving quality SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB Fuel storage instability reactions of middle distillate fuels continue to be a major problem for the Department of Defense. Unlike civilian fuels, military fuels can remain in storage tanks for one or more years. As fuels are drawn from these tanks, the tanks are subsequently topped off with more recently purchased fuels. In many cases, the mixed fuels are not compatible resulting in sediment and sludge formation. This fuel incompatibility results in degradation reactions that form solids which will plug nozzles and filters and render the entire contents of the storage tank unusable. Previous research has shown that certain specific polar organic nitrogen functional groups are involved in fuel instability reactions. These organonitrogen compounds are difficult to completely remove during refining. We report on a simple inexpensive procedure for the removal of these organonitrogen compounds before fuels are mixed in storage tanks. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, 3E2,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1657 EP 1660 DI 10.1021/ie061430m PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 143EF UT WOS:000244702100001 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Karle, Jerome TI Drug target interaction energies by the kernel energy method in aminoglycoside drugs and ribosomal A site RNA targets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE biological molecules; Hartree-Fock; quantum mechanics ID QUANTUM CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB It is possible to use the full power of ab initio quantum mechanics in application to the interaction of drugs and their molecular targets. This idea had barely been realized until recently, because of the well known growth in computational difficulty of the use of quantum mechanics, with the number of atoms in the molecule to be studied. Because the biochemical molecules of medicinal chemistry are so often large, containing thousands or even tens of thousands of atoms, the computational difficulty of the full quantum problem had been prohibitive. Two things have happened, however, that change this perspective: (i) the advances of parallel supercomputers, and (ii) the discovery of a quantum formalism called quantum crystallography and the use of quantum kernels, a method that is well suited for parallel computation. Such advances would allow the quantum mechanical ab initio calculation of the molecular energy of peptides, proteins, DNA, and RNA, obtaining results of high accuracy. In this approach the computational difficulty of representing a molecule increases only modestly with the number of atoms. The calculations are simplified by adopting an acceptable approximation that allows a full biological molecule to be represented by smaller "kernels" of atoms. These results suggest that problems of medicinal chemistry, such as the rational design of drugs, may be illuminated by quantum mechanical analysis. The general case is illustrated by specific examples, namely, the HF/STO-3G calculations of three aminoglycoside drugs that attach to ribosomal A-site RNA nucleotide targets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jerome.karle@nrl.navy.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003037, RR 03037]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM 606654] NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 11 BP 4261 EP 4266 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610533104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146ZH UT WOS:000244972700006 PM 17360512 ER PT J AU Moody, NA Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG Montgomery, EJ AF Moody, N. A. Jensen, K. L. Feldman, D. W. O'Shea, P. G. Montgomery, E. J. TI Prototype dispenser photocathode: Demonstration and comparison to theory SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; CATHODE; METALS AB A method to significantly extend the operational lifetime of alkali-based photocathodes by diffusing cesium to the surface at moderate temperature is presented and shown to restore the quantum efficiency (QE) of cesiated tungsten. Experimental measurements of QE as a function of surface cesium coverage compare exceptionally well with a recent theoretical photoemission model, notably without the use of adjustable parameters. A prototype cesium dispenser cell is demonstrated and validates the concept upon which long-life dispenser photocathodes can be based. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmoody@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 114108 DI 10.1063/1.2713341 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200117 ER PT J AU Pellegrino, JG Qadri, SB Mahadik, NA Rao, MV Tseng, WF Thurber, R Gajewski, D Guyer, J AF Pellegrino, Joseph G. Qadri, Syed B. Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. Rao, Mulpuri V. Tseng, Wen F. Thurber, Robert Gajewski, Donald Guyer, Jonathan TI Thermal instability and the growth of the InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor system SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT AB The effects of temperature overshoot during molecular beam epitaxy growth on the transport properties of conventionally and delta-doped pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) structures have been examined. A diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS)-controlled versus a thermocouple (TC)-controlled, growth scheme is compared. Several advantages of the DRS-grown pHEMTs over the TC-controlled version were observed. Modest improvements in mobility, on the order of 2%-3%, were observed in addition to a 20% reduction in carrier freeze-out for the DRS-grown pHEMTs at 77 K. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Night Vis Lab, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pellegrino, JG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis Lab, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Mahadik, Nadeemullah/C-8551-2009; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 113504 DI 10.1063/1.2713165 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200097 ER PT J AU Kanekar, N Chengalur, JN Lane, WM AF Kanekar, N. Chengalur, J. N. Lane, W. M. TI HI 21-cm absorption at z similar to 3.39 towards PKS 0201+113 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : ISM; radio lines : galaxies ID 21 CENTIMETER ABSORPTION; LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; LINE OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; NEUTRAL GAS; QSO; EVOLUTION; CONSTANTS AB We report the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope detection of HI 21-cm absorption from the z similar to 3.39 damped Lyman a absorber (DLA) towards PKS 0201+ 113, the highest redshift at which 21-cm absorption has been detected in a DLA. The absorption is spread over similar to 115 km s(-1) and has two components, at z = 3.387 144( 17) and z = 3.386 141 ( 45). The stronger component has a redshift and velocity width in agreement with the tentative detection of Briggs, Brinks & Wolfe, but a significantly lower optical depth. The core size and DLA covering factor are estimated to be less than or similar to 100 pc and f similar to 0.69, respectively, from a Very Long Baseline Array 328-MHz image. If one makes the conventional assumption that the HI column densities towards the optical and radio cores are the same, this optical depth corresponds to a spin temperature of T-s similar to [( 955 +/- 160) x (f/0.69)] K. However, this assumption may not be correct, given that no metal-line absorption is seen at the redshift of the stronger 21-cm component, indicating that this component does not arise along the line of sight to the optical quasi-stellar object (QSO), and that there is structure in the 21-cm absorbing gas on scales smaller than the size of the radio core. We model the 21-cm absorbing gas as having a two-phase structure with cold dense gas randomly distributed within a diffuse envelope of warm gas. For such a model, our radio data indicate that, even if the optical QSO lies along a line of sight with a fortuitously high (similar to 50 per cent) cold gas fraction, the average cold gas fraction is low, less than or similar to 17 per cent, when averaged over the spatial extent of the radio core. Finally, the large mismatch between peak 21-cm and optical redshifts and the complexity of both profiles makes it unlikely that the z similar to 3.39 DLA will be useful in tests of fundamental constant evolution. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanekar, N (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM nkanekar@aoc.nrao.edu; chengalu@ncra.tifr.res.in; wendy.peters@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2007 VL 375 IS 4 BP 1528 EP 1536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11430.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 139GE UT WOS:000244419500038 ER PT J AU Fuentes, MCL Klimchuk, JA Mandrini, CH AF Fuentes, M. C. Lopez Klimchuk, J. A. Mandrini, C. H. TI The temporal evolution of coronal loops observed by goes SXI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-REGION; FLARING LOOPS; SOLAR; TRACE; DYNAMICS; EXPLORER; TEMPERATURES; MISSION AB We study the temporal evolution of coronal loops using data from the Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) on board the Geo-synchronous Operational Environmental Satellite 12 (GOES-12). This instrument provides continuous soft X-ray observations of the solar corona at a high temporal cadence permitting detailed study of the full lifetime of each of several coronal loops. The observed light curves suggest three evolutionary phases: rise, main, and decay. The durations and characteristic timescales of these phases [I/(dI/dt), where I is the loop intensity] are much longer than a cooling time and indicate that the loop-averaged heating rate increases slowly, reaches a maintenance level, and then decreases slowly. This suggests that a single heating mechanism operates for the entire lifetime of the loop. For monolithic (uniformly filled) loops, the loop-averaged heating rate is the intrinsic energy release rate of the heating mechanism. For loops that are bundles of impulsively heated strands, it relates to the frequency of occurrence of individual heating events, or nanoflares. We show that the timescale of the loop-averaged heating rate is proportional to the timescale of the observed intensity variation, with a constant of proportionality of approximately 1.5 for monolithic loops and 1.0 for multistranded loops. The ratios of the radiative to conductive cooling times in the loops are somewhat less than 1, putting them intermediate between the values measured previously for hotter and cooler loops. This provides further support for a trend suggesting that all loops are heated in a similar way. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Fuentes, MCL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 2 BP 1127 EP 1136 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 146IU UT WOS:000244928500038 ER PT J AU Li, T She, CY Liu, HL Montgomery, MT AF Li, Tao She, C. -Y. Liu, Han-Li Montgomery, Michael T. TI Evidence of a gravity wave breaking event and the estimation of the wave characteristics from sodium lidar observation over Fort Collins, CO (41 degrees N, 105 degrees W) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOPAUSE REGION; INVERSION LAYER; TEMPERATURE; MESOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; BREAKDOWN AB On the night of December 3rd, 2004 (UT day 338), we observed a significant acceleration of horizontal wind near 100 km between 0900 and 0915 UT accompanied by a temperature cooling at the same altitude and warming below it. The Lomb spectrum analysis of the raw dataset revealed that a gravity wave with 1.5 hr period was significant between 0500 and 0900 UT, but blurred after 0900 UT, suggesting the transfer of wave energy and momentum from wave field to mean flow. Most likely, this observed phenomenon is due to the breaking of an upward propagating gravity wave with an apparent period of similar to 1.5 hr. Using linear saturation theory and assuming a monochromatic wave packet, we estimated the characteristics of breaking gravity wave, eddy diffusion coefficient, and a simple relation between Prandtl number and turbulence localization measure when the wave is breaking, from the experimentally determined heating rate, horizontal wind acceleration, and background temperature and winds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Table Mt Facil, 24490 Table Mt Rd,POB 367, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. EM taoli@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Li, Tao/J-8950-2014 OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Li, Tao/0000-0002-5100-4429 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 AR L05815 DI 10.1029/2006GL028988 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 145XB UT WOS:000244898000006 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Kuklja, MM AF Zerilli, Frank J. Kuklja, Maija M. TI Ab initio equation of state of an organic molecular crystal: 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION; ISOTHERM AB A complete equation of state for the molecular crystal 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene has been calculated from first principles for temperatures between 0 and 400 K, and for specific volumes from 61 to 83 cm(3)/mol, corresponding to relative volumes from 0.78 to 1.06. The calculated 300 K isotherm agrees very well with the experimentally measured pressure-volume relation reported by Peiris et al. (Peiris, S. M.; Wong, C. P.; Zerilli, F. J. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 8060). The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is calculated to be 140 ppm/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure and varies considerably with specific volume as well as temperature. The GrUneisen parameter varies significantly with temperature, but its variation with specific volume is small. The calculated specific heat (160 J/mol/K at 300 K and atmospheric pressure) has only a very small dependence on specific volume. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM Frank.Zerilli@navy.mil NR 23 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1721 EP 1725 DI 10.1021/jp067709y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 140TT UT WOS:000244530300019 PM 17295460 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Quantum-chemical study of the adsorption of DMMP and sarin on gamma-Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT SIMULATIONS; NONSPINEL STRUCTURAL MODELS; ELASTIC POLARIZABLE ENVIRONMENT; HARMONIC VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; POINT-CHARGE REPRESENTATION; CLUSTER EMBEDDING APPROACH; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ALUMINUM-OXIDE SURFACE; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; AB-INITIO AB Ab initio calculations, using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional, have been applied to the adsorption of the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and the corresponding real agent Sarin on gamma-Al2O3. The goals are to determine the accuracy with which the adsorbed molecules (for which experimental data are available) can be modeled and to conduct a "side-by-side" comparison of the bonding of these species to gamma-Al2O3. Free-standing Al8O12 and Al20O30 clusters give reasonable descriptions of the adsorbate structure and properties, and the results are not strongly dependent on cluster size or basis-set quality. For either molecule, the energetically favorable mode of adsorption is Al-OP dative-bond formation, in agreement with experiment. Results for the physisorption of H2O are compared to those reported for a two-dimensionally periodic slab in order to test the reliability of the free-standing cluster model. The adsorption energy of DMMP on the Al20O30 cluster (-57.5 kcal/mol at the 6-311G(df) level) is greater than that of Sarin (-49.2 kcal/mol). The infrared-active normal-mode frequencies for free DMMP and Sarin have been used to verify the reported mode assignments for these species. For the adsorbed molecules, the nu(PO) stretch shows a red-shift (relative to the gas phase) of similar to 60 cm(-1) (observed) vs about 84 cm(-1) (calculated). The calculated shifts for other modes are much smaller and generally agree with experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Victor.bermudez@nrl.navy NR 81 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3719 EP 3728 DI 10.1021/jp066439g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147MB UT WOS:000245006000029 ER PT J AU Holloway, G Dupont, F Golubeva, E Hakkinen, S Hunke, E Jin, M Karcher, M Kauker, F Maltrud, M Maqueda, MAM Maslowski, W Platov, G Stark, D Steele, M Suzuki, T Wang, J Zhang, J AF Holloway, G. Dupont, F. Golubeva, E. Haekkinen, S. Hunke, E. Jin, M. Karcher, M. Kauker, F. Maltrud, M. Maqueda, M. A. Morales Maslowski, W. Platov, G. Stark, D. Steele, M. Suzuki, T. Wang, J. Zhang, J. TI Water properties and circulation in Arctic Ocean models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WORLD OCEAN; HALOCLINE; PARAMETERIZATION; ADVECTION; LAYER; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SCHEME; FLUX AB As a part of the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, results from 10 Arctic ocean/ice models are intercompared over the period 1970 through 1999. Models' monthly mean outputs are laterally integrated over two subdomains (Amerasian and Eurasian basins), then examined as functions of depth and time. Differences in such fields as averaged temperature and salinity arise from models' differences in parameterizations and numerical methods and from different domain sizes, with anomalies that develop at lower latitudes carried into the Arctic. A systematic deficiency is seen as AOMIP models tend to produce thermally stratified upper layers rather than the "cold halocline", suggesting missing physics perhaps related to vertical mixing or to shelf-basin exchanges. Flow fields pose a challenge for intercomparison. We introduce topostrophy, the vertical component of V x del D where V is monthly mean velocity and del D is the gradient of total depth, characterizing the tendency to follow topographic slopes. Positive topostrophy expresses a tendency for cyclonic "rim currents". Systematic differences of models' circulations are found to depend strongly upon assumed roles of unresolved eddies. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Laval, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Math & Math Geophys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanagawa 236001, Japan. RP Holloway, G (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012; Golubeva, Elena/A-6606-2014; Platov, Gennady/A-6598-2014; Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010 OI Golubeva, Elena/0000-0001-6178-6789; Platov, Gennady/0000-0003-3142-0721; NR 41 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C4 AR C04S03 DI 10.1029/2006JC003642 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 145XT UT WOS:000244899800001 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, WH Hunke, EC Maslowski, W Jakacki, J AF Lipscomb, William H. Hunke, Elizabeth C. Maslowski, Wieslaw Jakacki, Jaromir TI Ridging, strength, and stability in high-resolution sea ice models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; PACK ICE; FRAM STRAIT; DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; OCEAN; CLIMATE; STRESS AB In multicategory sea ice models the compressive strength of the ice pack is often assumed to be a function of the potential energy of pressure ridges. This assumption, combined with other standard features of ridging schemes, allows the ice strength to change dramatically on short timescales. In high-resolution (similar to 10 km) sea ice models with a typical time step (similar to 1 hour), abrupt strength changes can lead to large internal stress gradients that destabilize the flow. The unstable flow is characterized by large oscillations in ice concentration, thickness, strength, velocity, and strain rates. Straightforward, physically motivated changes in the ridging scheme can reduce the likelihood of abrupt strength changes and improve stability. In simple test problems with flow toward and around topography, stability is significantly enhanced by eliminating the threshold fraction G* in the ridging participation function. Use of an exponential participation function increases the maximum stable time step at 10-km resolution from less than 30 min to about 2 hours. Modifying the redistribution function to build thinner ridges modestly improves stability and also gives better agreement between modeled and observed thickness distributions. Allowing the ice strength to increase linearly with the mean ice thickness improves stability but probably underestimates the maximum stresses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lipscomb, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Mailstop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipscomb@lanl.gov NR 46 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03S91 DI 10.1029/2005JC003355 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 145XQ UT WOS:000244899500001 ER PT J AU Remiszewska, J Flatau, PJ Markowicz, KM Reid, EA Reid, JS Witek, ML AF Remiszewska, J. Flatau, P. J. Markowicz, K. M. Reid, E. A. Reid, J. S. Witek, M. L. TI Modulation of the aerosol absorption and single-scattering albedo due to synoptic scale and sea breeze circulations: United Arab Emirates experiment perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID KUWAIT OIL FIRES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; 7-WAVELENGTH AETHALOMETER; INDIAN-OCEAN; PERSIAN-GULF; NEPHELOMETER; LIGHT; 3-WAVELENGTH; INSTRUMENT AB The spectral aerosol absorption properties in the Arabian Gulf region were observed during the United Arab Emirates Unified Aerosol Experiment (UAE(2)). Measurements were taken at a coastal region of the Arabian Gulf located 60 km northeast of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, allowing characterization of pollution and dust absorption properties in a highly heterogeneous environment. A large observed change of the diurnal signal during the period under study ( 27 August through 30 September 2004) was due to ( 1) strong sea and land breeze and ( 2) changes in prevailing synoptic-scale flow. During the night, stagnating air resulted in gradual accumulation of pollution with maximum absorption in the early morning hours. The rising sun increased both the depth of the boundary layer and the temperature of the interior desert, resulting in strong and sudden sea breeze onset which ventilated the polluted air accumulated during the night. Our observations show that the onshore winds brought cleaner air resulting in decreasing values of the absorption coefficient and increasing values of the single-scattering albedo (SSA). The mean value of the absorption coefficient at 550 nm measured during the sea breeze was 10.2 +/- 0.9 Mm(-1), while during the land breeze it was 13.8 +/- 1.2 Mm(-1). Synoptic- scale transport also strongly influenced particle fine/ coarse partition with "northern'' flow bringing pollution particles and "southern'' flow bringing more dust. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, PL-01452 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Institut Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Geophys, PL-00913 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Remiszewska, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, PL-01452 Warsaw, Poland. EM jrem@igf.fuw.edu.pl RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D5 AR D05204 DI 10.1029/2006JD007139 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145XI UT WOS:000244898700001 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Terray, A Arnold, J Leski, TA AF Hart, Sean J. Terray, Alex Arnold, Jonathan Leski, Tomasz A. TI Sample concentration using optical chromatography SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; TRAP; SEPARATION; LATTICE; ARRAYS; SYSTEM AB Optical chromatography is a technique for the separation of particles that capitalizes on the balance between optic and fluidic forces. When microscopic particles in a fluid flow encounter a laser beam propagating in the opposite direction, they are trapped axially along the beam. They are then optically pushed upstream from the laser focal point to rest at a point where the optic and fluidic forces on the particle balance. Because optical and fluid forces are sensitive to differences in the physical and chemical properties of a particle, both coarse and fine separations are possible. We describe how an optical chromatography beam directed into a tailored flow environment, has been adapted to operate as an optical filter for the concentration / bioenrichment of colloidal and biological samples. In this work, the demonstrated ability to concentrate spores of the biowarfare agent, Bacillus anthracis, may have significant impact in the biodefense arena. Application of these techniques and further design of fluidic and optical environments will allow for more specific identification, concentration and separation of many more microscopic particle and biological suspensions. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2724 EP 2731 DI 10.1364/OE.15.002724 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WW UT WOS:000244682600074 PM 19532509 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, A. D. TI Pointed weak energy and quantum geometric phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB The pointed weak energy for an arbitrarily evolving quantum state defines a complex valued phase which is the sum of a dynamic phase and a purely geometric phase-the pointed geometric phase. The pointed geometric phase is concisely expressed as a time integral which depends upon the energy uncertainty, the associated evolving state, and its orthogonal companion state. The real part of the pointed geometric phase is to within a sign the geometric phase for arbitrary evolutions defined by Mukunda and Simon and that of Aharonov and Anandan for cyclic evolutions. The imaginary part of the pointed geometric phase governs the survival probability of the initial state. Several general rate of change relationships associated with the real and imaginary parts of the pointed geometric phase are deduced from this concise expression, and it is used to calculate the pointed geometric phase acquired as a spin-1/2 particle precesses under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Quantum Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Quantum Proc Grp, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD MAR 2 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2137 EP 2146 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/9/018 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 147TX UT WOS:000245026500020 ER PT J AU Thibodeau, N Evans, JH Nagarajan, NJ Whittle, J AF Thibodeau, Nicole Evans, John H. (Harry), III Nagarajan, Nandu J. Whittle, Jeff TI Value creation in public enterprises: An empirical analysis of coordinated organizational changes in the veterans health administration SO ACCOUNTING REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT; CARE-SYSTEM; PRIVATE FIRMS; OF-CARE; GOVERNMENT; EFFICIENCY; REORGANIZATION; INFORMATION; OWNERSHIP; SECTOR AB As part of a federal government initiative to increase efficiency and quality, in 1996 the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) radically restructured its organizational design and management processes. This study uses 1992-1998 clinical, workload, and financial data to examine the effect of this reform on performance. Several previous government attempts to introduce private sector management practices, such as management by objectives (MBO) or program planning and budgeting system (PPBS), have been largely unsuccessful. In contrast to prior reforms, the current restructuring introduced coordinated changes in the VHA organizational structure, performance measurement, and reward systems. Our results document that, following the reorganization, the VHA cost per patient declined significantly and various quality measures improved. Our analysis suggests that reduction in excess capacity and the more intense use of remaining capacity are among the primary explanations for the VHA achieving the observed cost reductions. These findings suggest that coordinated changes in organizational structure, performance measures, and incentives can create value for public enterprises even though control mechanisms are generally more limited in these environments than in the private sector. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. VA Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Thibodeau, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 95 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER ACCOUNTING ASSOC PI SARASOTA PA 5717 BESSIE DR, SARASOTA, FL 34233 USA SN 0001-4826 J9 ACCOUNT REV JI Account. Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2 BP 483 EP 520 DI 10.2308/accr.2007.82.2.483 PG 38 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 153EV UT WOS:000245415700007 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Corrosion-resistant alloys for naval aviation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800002 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI High-strength aluminum alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The participants in the aluminum workshop sessions validated and amended three objectives for achieving ultra high-strength, inherently corrosion-resistant aluminum alloysfor Navy aircraft. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800003 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Corrosion-resistant cast magnesium alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The participants in the magnesium working group validated and modified the science and technology objectives for achieving highly corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys for enhanced readiness, improved performance, and lower lifecycle costs. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800004 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, William E. TI Ultrahigh-strength steel alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Participants in the steel workshop sessions validated and modified the science and technology objectives for developing ultrahigh-strength, intrinsically corrosion-resistant steels for enhanced readiness, improved performance, and lower lifecycle cost. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, 47123 Buse Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM William.frazier@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800005 ER PT J AU Rath, BB Marder, JM AF Rath, Bhakta B. Marder, James M. TI Powering the future - Natural gas: Challenges and solutions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB In the first article in this series, we looked at U.S. and world petroleum reserves. The details of the price increases of petroleum products will be governed by many factors, not the least of which will be our success in developing suitable alternatives. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marder, JM (reprint author), ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. EM jim.marder@asminternational.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 165 IS 3 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 146PX UT WOS:000244947800006 ER PT J AU Vieth, R Bischoff-Ferrari, H Boucher, BJ Dawson-Hughes, B Garland, CF Heaney, RP Holick, MF Hollis, BW Lamberg-Allardt, C McGrath, JJ Norman, AW Scragg, R Whiting, SJ Willett, WC Zittermann, A AF Vieth, Reinhold Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Boucher, Barbara J. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Garland, Cedric F. Heaney, Robert P. Holick, Michael F. Hollis, Bruce W. Lamberg-Allardt, Christel McGrath, John J. Norman, Anthony W. Scragg, Robert Whiting, Susan J. Willett, Walter C. Zittermann, Armin TI The urgent need to recommend an intake of vitamin D that is effective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; D DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; GIRLS; OLDER; RISK C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Populat Hlth, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Div Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Pharm & Nutr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Heart Ctr N Rhine Westfalia, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Bochum, Germany. Univ London, Ctr Diabet & Metab Med, Queen Mary Sch Med & Dent, London, England. Queensland Ctr Schizophrenia Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Psychiat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Helsinki, Finland. RP Vieth, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM rvietha@mtsinai.on.ca RI McGrath, John/G-5493-2010; OI McGrath, John/0000-0002-4792-6068; Scragg, Robert/0000-0003-0013-2620; Boucher, Barbara J/0000-0003-1206-7555; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel/0000-0001-7326-1904 NR 18 TC 425 Z9 454 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 146ES UT WOS:000244917900002 PM 17344484 ER PT J AU Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Grant, WB Mohr, SB Lipkin, M Newmark, HL Giovannucci, E Wei, M Holick, MF AF Gorham, Edward D. Garland, Cedric F. Garland, Frank C. Grant, William B. Mohr, Sharif B. Lipkin, Martin Newmark, Harold L. Giovannucci, Edward Wei, Melissa Holick, Michael F. TI Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention - A quantitative meta analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; COLON-CANCER; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; UNITED-STATES; RECTAL-CANCER; DOSE-RESPONSE; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT AB Background: Previous studies, such as the Women's Health Initiative, have shown that a low dose of vitamin D did not protect against colorectal cancer, yet a meta-analysis indicates that a higher dose may reduce its incidence. Methods: Five studies of serum 25(OH)D in association with colorectal cancer risk were identified using PubMed. The results of all five serum studies were combined using standard methods for pooled analysis. The pooled results were divided into quintiles with median 25(OH)D values of 6, 16, 22, 27, and 37 ng/mL. Odds ratios were calculated by quintile of the pooled data using Peto's Assumption-Free Method, with the lowest quintile of 25(OH)D as the reference group. A dose-response curve was plotted based on the odds for each quintile of the pooled data. Data were abstracted and analyzed in 2006. Results: Odds ratios for the combined serum 25(OH)D studies, from lowest to highest quintile, were 1.00, 0.82, 0.66, 0.59, and 0.46 (p(trend)< 0.0001) for colorectal cancer. According to the DerSimonian-Laird test for homogeneity of pooled data, the studies were homogeneous (chi(2) = 1.09, df=4, p=0.90. The pooled odds ratio for the highest quintile versus the lowest was 0.49 (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.68). A 50% lower risk of colorectal cancer was associated with a serum 25 (OH) D level >= 33 ng/mL, compared to <= 12 ng/mL. Conclusions: The evidence to date suggests that daily intake of 1000-2000 IU/day of vitamin D-3 could reduce the incidence of colorectal with minimal risk. (Am J Prev Med 2007;32 (3):210 -216) (c) 2007 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. SUNARC Sunlight Nutr & Hlth Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Strang Canc Prevent Ctr, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Sect Endocrinol Nutr & Diabet,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Code 24 Bldg 346,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM gorham@nhrc.navy.mil RI Grant, William/B-8311-2009; OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Holick, Michael/0000-0001-6023-9062 NR 85 TC 291 Z9 298 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 143NT UT WOS:000244730000005 PM 17296473 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Keller, TM Laskoski, M Little, CA Lubitz, P Osofsky, MS Khan, HR AF Qadri, S. B. Keller, T. M. Laskoski, M. Little, C. A. Lubitz, P. Osofsky, M. S. Khan, H. R. TI Structural and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline RuFe alloys prepared by organometallic synthesis SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID METAL MULTILAYERS; FCC IRON AB Nanoparticles of Ru1-xFex (0 <= x <= 1) in a carbon matrixwere synthesized over the entire composition range using organometallic precursors. For Fe concentrations with x < 0.70, a hexagonal close-packed phase was formed whereas a body-centered cubic phase was observed for x > 0.70. The crystallite sizes varied between 5 - 10 nm. In addition, multi-wall carbon nanotubes formed during the pyrolysis of the precursors. Increasing superparamagnetic order was observed with increasing Fe content. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Esslingen Univ Appl Sci, IVT, Schwabisch Gmund, Germany. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 86 IS 3 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s00339-006-3788-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 124UU UT WOS:000243396200022 ER PT J AU Fredriksson, DW DeCew, JC Tsukrov, I Swift, MR Irish, JD AF Fredriksson, David W. DeCew, Judson C. Tsukrov, Igor Swift, M. R. Irish, James D. TI Development of large fish farm numerical modeling techniques with in situ mooring tension comparisons SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mooring analysis; finite elements; flow reduction; fouled nets ID DYNAMICS; CAGE AB A study is conducted to validate a numerical model for calculating mooring system tensions of a large fish farm containing 20 net pens in the absence of waves. The model is forced using measured current velocity values obtained outside of the farm. Mooring line tensions calculated with the numerical model are compared with load cell field data sets. The approach considers current velocity reduction and load characteristics that occur through the net pen system for both clean and fouled net conditions. Without accounting for the reduction, the numerical model produces excessively conservative results. With reduction, a substantial improvement occurs. Understanding these differences will help to establish appropriate safety factors when designing large marine fish farms using the model. Additional validation studies should be conducted with wave and current forcing to investigate the modeling of large fish farms for exposed or open ocean sites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fredriksson, DW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,11D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM fredriks@usna.edu; jcdc@unh.edu; igor.tsukrov@unh.edu; mrswift@unh.edu; jirish@whoi.edu NR 18 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.10.001 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 146ZB UT WOS:000244972100007 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL AF Murrell, George L. TI The nasal tripod revisited SO ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID SURGERY C1 Naval Hosp, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Camp Pendleton,306 Hestia Way, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. EM glmurrell@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1521-2491 J9 ARCH FACIAL PLAST S JI Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1001/archfaci.9.2.141 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 147OI UT WOS:000245011900014 PM 17372073 ER PT J AU Piatek, S Pryor, C Bristow, P Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Tinney, CG AF Piatek, Slawomir Pryor, Carlton Bristow, Paul Olszewski, Edward W. Harris, Hugh C. Mateo, Mario Minniti, Dante Tinney, Christopher G. TI Proper motions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. V. Final measurement for Fornax SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Fornax) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM; LEO-SCULPTOR STREAM; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; MILKY-WAY; SATELLITE GALAXIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STAR-CLUSTERS; TIDAL DISRUPTION; LOCAL GROUP AB The measured proper motion of Fornax, expressed in the equatorial coordinate system, is (mu(alpha), mu(delta)) = (47.6 +/- 4.6, -36.0 +/- 4.1) mas century(-1). This proper motion is a weighted mean of four independent measurements for three distinct fields. Each measurement uses a quasi-stellar object as a reference point. Removing the contribution of the motion of the Sun and of the local standard of rest to the measured proper motion produces a Galactic rest-frame proper motion of (mu(Grf)(alpha), mu(Grf)(delta)) = (24.4 +/- 4.6, -14.3 +/- 4.1) mas century(-1). The implied space velocity with respect to the Galactic center has a radial component of V(r) = -31.8 +/- 1.7 km s(-1) and a tangential component of V(t) = 196 +/- 29 km s(-1). Integrating the motion of Fornax in a realistic potential for the Milky Way produces orbital elements. The perigalacticon and apogalacticon are 118 ( 66, 137) and 152 ( 144, 242) kpc, respectively, where the values in the parentheses represent the 95% confidence intervals derived from Monte Carlo experiments. The eccentricity of the orbit is 0.13 (0.11, 0.38), and the orbital period is 3.2 (2.5, 4.6) Gyr. The orbit is retrograde and inclined by 101 degrees ( 94 degrees, 107 degrees) to the Galactic plane. Fornax could be a member of a proposed "stream'' of galaxies and globular clusters; however, the membership of another proposed galaxy in the stream, Sculptor, has been previously ruled out. Fornax is in the Kroupa-Theis-Boily plane, which contains 11 of the Galactic satellite galaxies, but its orbit will take it out of that plane. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. European So Observ, Instrument Div, Garching, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago, Chile. RP Piatek, S (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM piatek@physics.rutgers.edu; pryor@physics.rutgers.edu; paul.bristow@eso.org; eolszewski@as.arizona.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; mmateo@umich.edu; dante@astro.puc.cl; cgt@aao.gov.au OI Pryor, Carlton/0000-0002-7517-8749; Tinney, Christopher/0000-0002-7595-0970 NR 87 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 818 EP 844 DI 10.1086/510456 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142GE UT WOS:000244636600004 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Fey, AL Puatua, WK Zacharias, N Claussen, MJ Johnston, KJ Gaume, RA AF Boboltz, D. A. Fey, A. L. Puatua, W. K. Zacharias, N. Claussen, M. J. Johnston, K. J. Gaume, R. A. TI Very Large Array plus Pie Town astrometry of 46 radio stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : close; radio continuum : stars; techniques : interferometric ID CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; POSITIONS; EMISSION; CATALOG; SYSTEM AB We have used the Very Large Array, linked with the Pie Town Very Long Baseline Array antenna, to determine astrometric positions of 46 radio stars in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). Positions were obtained in the ICRF directly through phase referencing of the stars to nearby ICRF quasars whose positions are accurate at the 0.25 mas level. Radio star positions are estimated to be accurate at the 10 mas level, with position errors approaching a few milliarcseconds for some of the stars observed. Our measured positions were combined with previous measurements taken from as early as 1978 to obtain proper-motion estimates for all 46 stars with average uncertainties of approximate to 1.7 mas yr(-1). We compared our radio star positions and proper motions with the Hipparcos Catalogue data and found consistency in the reference frames produced by each data set on the 1 sigma level, with errors of similar to 2.7 mas per axis for the reference frame orientation angles at our mean epoch of 2003.78. No significant spin is found between our radio data frame and the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame, with the largest rotation rates of +0.55 and -0.41 mas yr(-1) around the x- and z-axes, respectively, with 1 sigma errors of 0.36 mas yr(-1). Thus, our results are consistent with a non-rotating Hipparcos frame with respect to the ICRF. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 133 IS 3 BP 906 EP 916 DI 10.1086/510154 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142GE UT WOS:000244636600009 ER PT J AU Lommen, A Donovan, J Gwinn, C Arzoumanian, Z Harding, A Strickman, M Dodson, R McCulloch, P Moffett, D AF Lommen, A. Donovan, J. Gwinn, C. Arzoumanian, Z. Harding, A. Strickman, M. Dodson, R. McCulloch, P. Moffett, D. TI Correlation between X-ray light-curve shape and radio arrival time in the Vela pulsar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (Vela) ID GAMMA-RAY; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; CRAB PULSAR; PROFILE; PHASE; MODEL AB We report the results of simultaneous observations of the Vela pulsar in X-rays and radio from the RXTE satellite and the Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory in Tasmania. We sought correlations between Vela's X-ray emission and radio arrival times on a pulse-by-pulse basis. At a confidence level of 99.8% we have found significantly higher flux density in Vela's main X-ray peak during radio pulses that arrived early. This excess flux shifts to the "trough'' following the second X-ray peak during radio pulses that arrive later. Our results suggest that the mechanism producing the radio pulses is intimately connected to the mechanism producing X-rays. Current models using resonant absorption of radio emission in the outer magnetosphere as a cause of the X-ray emission are explored as a possible explanation for the correlation. C1 Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Madrid, Spain. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Furman Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Lommen, A (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1086/510797 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FR UT WOS:000244635300038 ER PT J AU Krall, J AF Krall, J. TI Are all coronal mass ejections hollow flux ropes? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SOLAR; INTERPLANETARY; LASCO; GEOMETRY; MODEL AB A quantitative specification of a three-dimensional flux rope is examined statistically for comparison to previously published statistical measures of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as observed by the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft. The three-dimensional geometry that has been previously shown to reproduce statistical measures (average angular widths) of CME image data that show flux-rope morphologies is based on a "hollow'' pre-eruption density structure extrapolated into the corona. It is shown that the SMM results are consistent with this hollow fluxrope geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1086/510191 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FR UT WOS:000244635300050 ER PT J AU Rappazzo, AF Velli, M Einaudi, G Dahlburg, RB AF Rappazzo, A. F. Velli, M. Einaudi, G. Dahlburg, R. B. TI Coronal heating, weak MHD turbulence, and scaling laws SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; turbulence ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; SOLAR CORONA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STATISTICS; NANOFLARES; SPECTRUM; LOOPS AB Long-time high-resolution simulations of the dynamics of a coronal loop in Cartesian geometry are carried out, within the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD), to understand coronal heating driven by the motion of field lines anchored in the photosphere. We unambiguously identify MHD anisotropic turbulence as the physical mechanism responsible for the transport of energy from the large scales, where energy is injected by photospheric motions, to the small scales, where it is dissipated. As the loop parameters vary, different regimes of turbulence develop: strong turbulence is found for weak axial magnetic fields and long loops, leading to Kolmogorovlike spectra in the perpendicular direction, while weaker and weaker regimes (steeper spectral slopes of total energy) are found for strong axial magnetic fields and short loops. As a consequence we predict that the scaling of the heating rate with axial magnetic field intensity, which depends on the spectral index of total energy for given B-0 loop parameters, must vary from B-0(3/2) for weak fields to B-0(2) for strong fields at a given aspect ratio. The predicted heating rate is within the lower range of observed active region and quiet-Sun coronal energy losses. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, Pisa, Italy. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rappazzo, AF (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, Pisa, Italy. EM rappazzo@jpl.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1 BP L47 EP L51 DI 10.1086/512975 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 142FU UT WOS:000244635600012 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, A. K. Landi, E. TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Si XI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID BE-LIKE IONS; HIGHLY IONIZED SILICON; CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; COLLISION STRENGTHS; EMISSION-LINES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Si XI. The configurations used are 2s(2), 2s2p, 2p(2), 2131', 2141' and 2s51', with l = s,p and l' = s,p,d giving rise to 92 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies (35, 70, 105, 140, and 175 Ry) in the distorted wave approximation. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates of the present work, and R-Matrix results for the 2s(2), 2s2p 2p(2) configurations available in the literature, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log T-e(K) = 6.2, corresponding to the maximum abundance of Si X1. Spectral line intensities are calculated, and their diagnostic relevance is discussed. This dataset will be made available in the next version of the CHIANT1 database. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2007 VL 93 IS 2 BP 275 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.06.002 PG 79 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 143FA UT WOS:000244704200003 ER PT J AU Chao, CC Chelius, D Zhang, T Mutumanje, E Ching, WM AF Chao, Chien-Chung Chelius, Dirk Zhang, Terry Mutumanje, Elissa Ching, Wei-Mei TI Insight into the virulence of Rickettsia prowazekii by proteomic analysis and comparison with an avirulent strain SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia prowazekii; proteomics; LC-MS-MS; different abundance; virulent ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MADRID-E-STRAIN; YEAST PROTEOME; PROTEINS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; QUANTITATION AB Rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus. We analyzed the proteome of the virulent Breinl strain of R. prowazekii purified from infected egg yolk sacs. Total proteins from purified R. prowazekii Breinl strain were reduced by dithiothreitol, alkylated by iodoacetic acid and digested with trypsin followed by analysis with an integrated two-dimensional liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry system (2D-LC/MS/MS). A comparison was made using previously analyzed proteome of the Madrid E strain and current analysis of the Breinl strain. For Breinl 251 proteins were identified, representing 30% of the total protein-encoding genes, using a shotgun 2D-LC/MS/MS proteomic approach. This result is identical to that of Madrid E strain. Among the identified proteins, 33 from Breinl and 37 front Madrid E have an unknown function. A methyltransferase, RP028/RP027, whose gene is mutated in the avirulent Madrid E strain but not in the virulent Breinl strain, was only detectable in the Breinl strain, consistent with the genetic mutation in Madrid E. This result suggests the possible relationship between this gene product and the virulence of the strains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Thermo Electron, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chaoc@nmrc.navy.mil; dchelius@amgen.com RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 1774 IS 3 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.01.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 154FL UT WOS:000245492200006 PM 17301007 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Uccellini, L Einaudi, F Colton, M Chang, S Weng, F Uhart, M Lord, S Riishojgaard, LP Phoebus, P Yoe, JG AF Le Marshall, John Uccellini, Louis Einaudi, Franco Colton, Marie Chang, Simon Weng, Fuzhong Uhart, Michael Lord, Stephen Riishojgaard, Lars-Peters Phoebus, Patricia Yoe, James G. TI The joint center for satellite data assimilation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PART I; KALMAN FILTER; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; WATER; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION AB The joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) was established by NASA and NOAA in 2001, with Department of Defense (DoD) agencies becoming partners in 2002. The goal of JCSDA is to accelerate the use of observations from Earth- orbiting satellites in operational environmental analysis and prediction models for the purpose of improving weather, ocean, climate, and air quality forecasts and the accuracy of climate datasets. Advanced instruments of current and planned satellite missions do and will increasingly provide large volumes of data related to the atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface state. During this decade, this will result in a five order of magnitude increase in the volume of data available for use by the operational and research weather, ocean, and climate communities. These data will exhibit accuracies and spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions never before achieved. JCSDA will help ensure that the maximum benefit from investment in the space-based global observation system is realized. JCSDA will accelerate the use of satellite data from both operational and experimental spacecraft for weather and climate prediction systems. To this end, the advancement of data assimilation science by JCSDA has included the establishment of the JCSDA Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), which has continual upgrades to allow for the effective use of current and many future satellite instruments. This and other activity within JCSDA have been supported by both internal and external (generally university based) research. Another key activity within JCSDA has been to lay the groundwork for and to establish common NWP model and data assimilation infrastructure for accessing new satellite data and optimizing the use of these data in operational models. As a result of this activity, common assimilation infrastructure has been established at NOAA and NASA and this will assist in a coordinated and integrated move to four-dimensional assimilation among the partner agencies. This paper discusses the establishment of JCSDA and its mission, goals, and science priorities. It also discusses recent advances made by JCSDA, and planned future developments. C1 NOAA, Ctr Sci, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, Ctr Sci, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Ctr Sci, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, OAR, NOAA Headquarters, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Ctr Sci, EMC, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM john.lemarshall@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 329 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-3-329 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156AR UT WOS:000245620700010 ER PT J AU Edson, J Crawford, T Crescenti, J Farrar, T Frew, N Gerbi, G Helmis, C Hristov, T Khelif, D Jessup, A Jonsson, H Li, M Mahrt, L McGillis, W Plueddemann, A Shen, L Skyllingstad, E Stanton, T Sullivan, P Sun, J Trowbridge, J Vickers, D Wang, S Wang, Q Weller, R Wilkin, J Williams, AJ Yue, DKP Zappa, C AF Edson, James Crawford, Timothy Crescenti, Jerry Farrar, Tom Frew, Nelson Gerbi, Greg Helmis, Costas Hristov, Tihomir Khelif, Djamal Jessup, Andrew Jonsson, Haf Li, Ming Mahrt, Larry McGillis, Wade Plueddemann, Albert Shen, Lian Skyllingstad, Eric Stanton, Tim Sullivan, Peter Sun, Jielun Trowbridge, John Vickers, Dean Wang, Shouping Wang, Qing Weller, Robert Wilkin, John Williams, Albert J., III Yue, D. K. P. Zappa, Chris TI The coupled boundary layers and air-sea transfer experiment in low winds SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND SHELF; SURFACE-WAVES; OCEAN; MODEL; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE AB The Office of Naval Research's Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST) program is being conducted to investigate the processes that couple the marine boundary layers and govern the exchange of heat, mass, and momentum across the air-sea interface. CBLASTLOW was designed to investigate these processes at the low-wind extreme where the processes are often driven or strongly modulated by buoyant forcing. The focus was on conditions ranging from negligible wind stress, where buoyant forcing dominates, up to wind speeds where wave breaking and Langmuir circulations play a significant role in the exchange processes. The field program provided observations from a suite of platforms deployed in the coastal ocean south of Martha's Vineyard. Highlights from the measurement campaigns include direct measurement of the momentum and heat fluxes on both sides of the air-sea interface using a specially constructed Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT), and quantification of regional oceanic variability over scales of O(1-10(4) mm) using a mesoscale mooring array, aircraft-borne remote sensors, drifters, and ship surveys. To our knowledge, the former represents the first successful attempt to directly and simultaneously measure the heat and momentum exchange on both sides of the air-sea interface. The latter provided a 3D picture of the oceanic boundary layer during the month-long main experiment. These observations have been combined with numerical models and direct numerical and large-eddy simulations to investigate the processes that couple the atmosphere and ocean under these conditions. For example, the oceanic measurements have been used in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to investigate the 3D evolution of regional ocean thermal stratification. The ultimate goal of these investigations is to incorporate improved parameterizations of these processes in coupled models such as the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) to improve marine forecasts of wind, waves, and currents. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NOAA, ARL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. FPL Energy, Juno Beach, FL USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. CIRPAS, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Edson, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Avery Point,1080 Shennecosset Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM james.edson@uconn.edu RI Helmis, Costas/A-1304-2008; Shen, Lian/A-3353-2010; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Farrar, John T./F-3532-2012; Shen, Lian/D-5718-2014; Li, Ming/B-3485-2015; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015 OI Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Farrar, John T./0000-0003-3495-1990; Li, Ming/0000-0003-1492-4127; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914 NR 33 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-3-341 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156AR UT WOS:000245620700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH Chang, CP AF Johnson, Richard H. Chang, Chih-Pei TI Winter monex - A quarter-century and beyond SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM johnson@atmos.colostate.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-3-385 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156AR UT WOS:000245620700014 ER PT J AU Diamond, C Taylor, TH Im, T Wallace, M Saven, A Anton-Culver, H AF Diamond, Catherine Taylor, Thomas H. Im, Theresa Wallace, Mark Saven, Alan Anton-Culver, Hoda TI How valid is using cancer registries' data to identify acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE lymphoma; AIDS; epidemiologic methods; population surveillance ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MEDICAL-PRIVACY; AIDS; BOARD; NHL AB Objective We sought to determine the accuracy of cancer registry data regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) status of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods We used the population-based San Diego/Orange County cancer registry to identify 392 patients with HIV-related NHL diagnosed 1994 - 1999. After matching for age, sex, race, period of NHL diagnosis, and hospital type, we were able to find 324 corresponding patients among the remaining 4,863 NHL patients diagnosed 1994 - 1999 ( who did not have HIV infection according to cancer registry records). We sought to review these patients' charts at 41 hospitals with 15 separate institutional review boards to determine if the HIV serostatus from the cancer registry was correct. We performed a forward conditional multivariate logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with a false positive HIV status. Results The false positive rate was 8% while the false negative rate was 3%. The positive predictive value was 93% while the negative predictive value was 97%. Compared to correctly identified patients, false positives were more likely to be >= 50 years old, female, and treated with chemotherapy and less likely to be single with high grade or extranodal disease. Conclusion Using cancer registry data to identify AIDS-related NHL is a valid research practice. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, UCI Med Ctr, Dept Med, Orange, CA 92868 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Scripps Hlth, Scripps Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Diamond, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, UCI Med Ctr, Dept Med, 101 City Dr S,Bldg 53 Room 215,Route 81, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM diamondc@uci.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA96480] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0096-5 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134EL UT WOS:000244065700003 PM 17235495 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Moniz, L Nichols, J Carroll, TL AF Pecora, Louis M. Moniz, Linda Nichols, Jonathan Carroll, Thomas L. TI A unified approach to attractor reconstruction SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID STATE-SPACE RECONSTRUCTION; TIME-SERIES; EMBEDDING DIMENSION; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; GAMMA-TEST; DYNAMICS; CONSTRUCTION; INFORMATION; GEOMETRY; NEURONS AB In the analysis of complex, nonlinear time series, scientists in a variety of disciplines have relied on a time delayed embedding of their data, i.e., attractor reconstruction. The process has focused primarily on intuitive, heuristic, and empirical arguments for selection of the key embedding parameters, delay and embedding dimension. This approach has left several longstanding, but common problems unresolved in which the standard approaches produce inferior results or give no guidance at all. We view the current reconstruction process as unnecessarily broken into separate problems. We propose an alternative approach that views the problem of choosing all embedding parameters as being one and the same problem addressable using a single statistical test formulated directly from the reconstruction theorems. This allows for varying time delays appropriate to the data and simultaneously helps decide on embedding dimension. A second new statistic, undersampling, acts as a check against overly long time delays and overly large embedding dimension. Our approach is more flexible than those currently used, but is more directly connected with the mathematical requirements of embedding. In addition, the statistics developed guide the user by allowing optimization and warning when embedding parameters are chosen beyond what the data can support. We demonstrate our approach on uni- and multivariate data, data possessing multiple time scales, and chaotic data. This unified approach resolves all the main issues in attractor reconstruction. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20017 USA. RP Pecora, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 40 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 AR 013110 DI 10.1063/1.2430294 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 151UW UT WOS:000245317300010 PM 17411246 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Wang, HY AF Zhou, Hong Wang, Hongyun TI Steady states and dynamics of 2-D nematic polymers driven by an imposed weak shear SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nematic polymers; kinetic theory; Maier-Saupe potential; shear flow; perturbation analysis ID SMOLUCHOWSKI-EQUATION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; PHASE-DIAGRAM; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; RATES; MODEL AB We study the 2-D Smoluchowski equation governing the evolution of orientational distribution of rodlike molecules under an imposed weak shear. We first recover the well-known isotropic-to-nematic phase transition result [G. Marrucci and P.L. Maffettone, Description of the liquid-crystalline phase of rodlike polymeres at high shear rates, Macromolecules, 22, 4446-4451, 1989]; in the absence of flow the isotropic-nematic phase transition occurs at U = 2 where U is the normalized polymer concentration, representing the intensity of the Maier-Saupe interaction potential. The we show that in the presence of an imposed weak shear there is a threshold (U-0 approximate to 2.41144646) for U: When U < U-0, steady state solution exists; otherwise there is no steady state. furthermore, we carry out multi-scale asymptotic analysis to study the slow time evolution driven by the weak shear. It is revealed that , to the leading order, the order parameter of the orientational distribution is invaviant with respect to time whereas the angular velocity of the director is position-dependent. When U < U-0, the director of the orientational distribution converges to a stable steady state position; when U > U-0, the angular velocity of the director is always positive and the orientational distribution will not reach a steady state. Finally, the effect of weak shear on the phase diagram is investigated. It is found that the phase relation under weak shear can be obtained from the pure nematic phase relation through a simple algebraic transformation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hzhou@nps.edu; hongwang@ams.ucsc.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 113 EP 132 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 152GB UT WOS:000245348400005 ER PT J AU Nishimura, R Inoue, H Okitsu, K Latanision, RM Hubler, GK AF Nishimura, Rokuro Inoue, Hiroyuki Okitsu, Kenji Latanision, R. M. Hubler, G. K. TI Hydrogen permeation behavior in pure nickel implanted with phosphorus, sulphur and their mixture SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nickel; phosphorus; sulphur; ion implantation; hydrogen transient ID ION-IMPLANTATION; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; DEUTERIUM TRAPS; BASE ALLOY; EMBRITTLEMENT; IRON; SEGREGATION; METALS; ABSORPTION; PLATINUM AB The entry and transport of hydrogen in phosphorus (P)-, sulphur (S)- and their mixture (P + S)implanted nickel specimens with a fluence range of 1 x 10(15) to 1 x 10(17)/cm(2) have been investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique and etching treatment (0.2% HF solution). From the hydrogen permeation transients obtained, the effective hydrogen concentration (CH), apparent hydrogen diffusion coefficient (Drag) and breakthrough time (t(lag)) were estimated by using the time lag method in addition to the steady state permeation current density (P.). It was found that at a fluence of less than 1 x 10(16)/cm(2) almost all hydrogen permeation transients of the implanted nickel specimens were affected by the defects (vacancy, compressive stress and so on) generated during ion implantation process. At a high fluence of 1 x 10(17)/cm(2) the hydrogen permeation transient had a specific behavior because of the formation of amorphous phase for P, the structure change from fcc-structure to bcc-structure for S and both of them for the mixture (P and S). However, a synergistic effect of P and S was not observed on the hydrogen permeation transient. The behavior of these parameters depending on fluence and implanting element was discussed in terms of an amount of hydrogen entry site, the degree of defects, the properties of amorphous phase and structure and so on. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Prefecture Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Mat Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. MIT, HH Uhlig Corros Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nishimura, R (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Mat Sci, 1-1 Gakuen Cho, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. EM nishimu@ams.osakafu-u.ac.jp NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1478 EP 1495 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.08.015 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153GO UT WOS:000245420400034 ER PT J AU LaVelle, C Konrad, A AF LaVelle, Claire Konrad, Almudena TI FriendlyRoboCopy: A GUI to RoboCopy for computer forensic investigators SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE digital forensics; network forensics; drive mapping; RoboCopy application; microsoft OS forensics; network system administration; NAS; computer cluster; graphical user interface; perl; open source application AB One of the most pressing challenges in digital investigations today is the extraction and forensic preservation of a subset of data on computer clusters and other large storage systems. As the number and capacity of computer systems increases, it is no longer feasible to create forensic duplicates of every system in their entirety. Although forensic tools are being developed to cope with such situations, they do not support all file systems. Experienced digital investigators use tools such as RoboCopy to preserve a subset of data on target systems, and take steps to document their process and results. This paper explores the need for these tools in digital investigations, and demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of using RoboCopy to acquire data on a network share. This paper then introduces FriendlyRoboCopy, which provides an effective, user-friendly interface to RoboCopy that addresses the requirements of forensic preservation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Mills Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. RP LaVelle, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM clairerlavelle@gmail.com NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2007.01.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 156HH UT WOS:000245638200013 ER PT J AU Park, SY Yu, R Chung, SY Berger, PR Thompson, P Fay, P AF Park, S-Y. Yu, R. Chung, S-Y Berger, P. R. Thompson, Pe. Fay, P. TI Sensitivity of Si-based zero-bias backward diodes for microwave detection SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Silicon-based backward diodes incorporating delta-doped active regions for direct detection of microwave radiation with zero external DC bias have been demonstrated at room temperature and characterised for their sensitivity. The resulting backward diodes, which were grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy, show a high zero-bias curvature coefficient (gamma) of 23.2 V-1 with a junction resistance (R-j) of 687 k Omega for a 5 mu m diameter mesa diode. The microwave-frequency voltage sensitivity is reported for the first time; a measured sensitivity of 2376 V/W is obtained at zero-bias when driven from a 50 Omega source. An intrinsic 3 dB cutoff frequency of 1.8 GHz (5 mu m diameter) was determined based on an extracted series resistance of 290 Omega and a junction capacitance of 0.307 pF using a small-signal model established to fit the measured S-parameters. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.1049/el:20070299 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 156XM UT WOS:000245683200027 ER PT J AU Retamal, L Vincent, WF Martineau, C Osburn, CL AF Retamal, Leira Vincent, Warwick F. Martineau, Christine Osburn, Christopher L. TI Comparison of the optical properties of dissolved organic matter in two river-influenced coastal regions of the Canadian Arctic SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; coloured dissolved organic matter; climate change; DOC; optics; synchronous fluorescence ID SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER-COLUMN; HUDSON-BAY; CARBON; OCEAN; NITROGEN; SHELF; ENVIRONMENTS; LUMINESCENCE AB The optical characteristics, of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were analyzed in the Great Whale River and adjacent Hudson Bay (55 degrees N, 77 degrees W) in the eastern Canadian Low Arctic, and in the Mackenzie River and adjacent Beaufort Sea in the western Canadian High Arctic (70 degrees N, 133 degrees W). Sampling was during ice-free open water conditions. Both rivers contained high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (3 and 6 mg DOC l(-1) in the Great Whale River and Mackenzie River, respectively) and CDOM (a(320) of 11 and 14 m(-1)), resulting in a substantial load of organic matter to their coastal seas. There were pronounced differences in the CDOM characteristics of the two rivers, notably in their synchronous fluorescence scans (SFS). The latter showed that the Mackenzie River was depleted in humic materials, implying a more mature catchment relative to the younger, more recently glaciated Great Whale River system. SFS spectra had a similar shape across the freshwater-saltwater transition zone of the Great Whale plume, and DOC was linearly related to salinity implying conservative mixing and no loss by flocculation or biological processes across the salt front. In contrast, there were major differences in SFS spectral shape from the Mackenzie River to the freshwater-influenced coastal ocean, with a marked decrease in the relative importance of fulvic and humic acid materials. The SFS spectra for the coastal Beaufort Sea in September-October strongly resembled those recorded for the Mackenzie River during the high discharge, CDOM-rich, snowmelt period in June, but with some loss of autochthonous materials. These results are consistent with differences in freshwater residence time between the Mackenzie River and Great Whale River coastal ocean systems. Models of arctic continental shelf responses to present and future climate regimes will need to consider these striking regional differences in the organic matter content, biogeochemistry and optics between waters from different catchments and different inshore hydrodynamic regimes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Biol & QuebecOcean, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Retamal, L (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Cite Univ,Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM leira.retamal.1@ulaval.ca; warwick.vincent@bio.ulaval.ca; christine.martineau@giroq.ulaval.ca; christopher.osburn@nrl.navy.mil RI Vincent, Warwick/C-9522-2009; OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202; Vincent, Warwick/0000-0001-9055-1938 NR 57 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.10.022 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 145JZ UT WOS:000244862400022 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, G. M. Davis, J. TI Modeling of clusters by a molecular dynamics model using a fast tree method SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID ULTRAINTENSE LASER FIELDS; RARE-GAS CLUSTERS; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; ELECTRON DYNAMICS; COULOMB EXPLOSION; NUCLEAR-DYNAMICS; IONIZATION; PULSES; SIMULATION; IONS AB The dynamics of clusters irradiated by a high-intensity ultrashort pulse laser has been studied using a fully relativistic three-dimensional Molecular Dynamics Model. A fast three-dimensional tree algorithm for computing the electrostatic force has been developed and compared with the conventional particle-particle method. The particle-particle method requires computation time, which scales as O(N-p(2)), and it is faster for small number of particles N-p < 10(3). In the opposite case of relatively large ensemble of particles Np > 10(3), the preferred method is the tree algorithm whose computation time scales as O(N-p log N-p). The tree algorithm has been benchmarked against the particle-particle method for clusters composed of xenon and deuterium atoms and its accuracy and computation time have been analyzed. The optimum free parameter of the tree method has been determined to be theta approximate to 0.5. We addressed the effects of boundary conditions by studying the contribution of adjacent clusters to the total electromagnetic force exerted on individual particles. We found that the adjacent clusters play a minor role in the overall cluster dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00255-3 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 147DB UT WOS:000244982500022 ER PT J AU Adiga, KC Hatcher, RF Sheinson, RS Williams, FW Ayers, S AF Adiga, K. C. Hatcher, Robert F., Jr. Sheinson, Ronald S. Williams, Frederick W. Ayers, Scott TI A computational and experimental study of ultra fine water mist as a total flooding agent SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CFD modeling; total flooding; ultra fine water mist; Discrete Phase Model; dense gaseous species model; gas-like mist; pseudo-gas mist ID LIQUID POOL FIRES; SUPPRESSION; FLAMES; GAS AB Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations were carried out to design total flooding fire tests in a 28 m(3) compartment for an ultra fine water mist (< 10 mu m). The exit momentum of the mist produced by a proprietary ultrasonic generator technology was extremely low with a mist discharge velocity below 1 m/s. The mist was discharged with multiple floor outlets equally spaced around the centrally located 120 kW pool-like gas fire. The transport of mist and its interaction with the fire was simulated by Fluent, a commercial CFD model. Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used for droplets. Simulation predicted extinguishment within 10 s with a mist delivery rate of 1 l/min. However, in total flooding fire tests conducted, extinction times were more than 5 min. Additional computations approximating the ultra fine mist (UFM) as a dense gas agreed well with the observed transport timescales of minutes indicating that UFM behaves like a gas. Further, the mist-fire interaction needs a multi-phase Euler Euler approach with a droplet vaporization model. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NanoMist Syst LLC, Warner Robins, GA 31088 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Chesapeake Beach, MD USA. RP Adiga, KC (reprint author), NanoMist Syst LLC, 151 Osigian Blvd,Suite 199, Warner Robins, GA 31088 USA. EM kcadiga@nanomist.com NR 24 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.08.010 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 146TP UT WOS:000244957900007 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Sedegah, M AF Bacon, David J. Sedegah, Martha TI Reduced production of RNA transcripts from individual DNA Plasmids given in a multivalent DNA vaccine formula SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE malaria; DNA vaccine; abrogation; promoter; mRNA; surface proteins ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IN-VITRO; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; REPLICATION; COMPETITION; EXPRESSION; MALARIA; CELLS; MODULATION AB We conducted transient transfection studies using two DNA vaccines constructs encoding two Plasmodium falciparum surface proteins, PfCSP and PfSSP2, and UM449 melanoma cells to determine transcription and translation efficiencies. Plasmids were transfected individually or in combination with an empty control plasmid with and without a functional CMV IE promoter. Western blot analysis using NSF1, a monoclonal antibody specific for PfCSP, and UM449 cell lysate revealed an abrogation in expression of PfCSP when a plasmid carrying the Pfcsp gene was cotransfected with an empty control plasmid with a functional CMV IE promoter. When a control plasmid without a functional CMV IE promoter was substituted in the expression study, normal levels of PfCSP were detected by Western blot. Total RNA was isolated following transfection and reverse transcriptase quantitative (RTQ)-PCR was performed. Levels of Pfcsp and Pfssp2 transcripts decreased significantly when cotransfected with a control plasmid containing a functional CMV IE promoter while transcript levels of Pfcsp and Pfssp2 were significantly higher in cells cotransfected with a control plasmid without a functional CMV IE promoter. The presence of multiple copies of a functional CMV 1E promoter leads to a decrease in expression of malaria antigens present in a multivalent vaccine mixture when transfected in vitro. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Amer Embassy, USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Parasitol Program, APO, AA 34301 USA. EM bacon@nmrcd.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 EI 1554-8619 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 149XY UT WOS:000245181400004 PM 17312401 ER PT J AU Parikh, SP Grassi, V Kumar, V Okamoto, J AF Parikh, Sarangi P. Grassi, Valdir, Jr. Kumar, Vijay Okamoto, Jun, Jr. TI Integrating human inputs with autonomous behaviors on an intelligent wheelchair platform SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Politecn, Dept Mechatron & Mech Syst Engn, BR-05508030 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Parikh, SP (reprint author), York Coll Penn, Dept Phys Sci, Mech Engn Grp, 890 Grantley Rd,Mc Kay Hall 104, York, PA 17405 USA. EM sarangi@alumni.upenn.edu; vgrassi@usp.br; kumar@grasp.upenn.edu; jokamoto@usp.br RI Okamoto Jr., Jun/D-7113-2013; Grassi Jr, Valdir/I-7595-2014 OI Grassi Jr, Valdir/0000-0001-6753-139X NR 19 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 EI 1941-1294 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1109/MIS.2007.36 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 151TU UT WOS:000245314500010 ER PT J AU McKinney, JD Godinez, M Urick, VJ Thaniyavarn, S Charczenko, W Williams, KJ AF McKinney, Jason D. Godinez, Modesto Urick, Vincent J. Thaniyavarn, Suwat Charczenko, Walter Williams, Keith J. TI Sub-10-dB noise figure in a multiple-GHz analog optical link SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analog optical links; microwave photonics; noise figure (NF) AB We present the first microwave analog optical link to achieve a noise figure (NF) below 10 dB. A link gain of up to similar to 6 dB and common-mode noise rejection achieved via a dual-output Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator and differential detection enable us to achieve link NFs as low as similar to 7.5 dB in the range of similar to 2-6.5 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Microwave Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EOSPACE Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP McKinney, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Microwave Photon Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.mckinney@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-8 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.893023 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 158CJ UT WOS:000245768200069 ER PT J AU Mcgraw, G Denning, D AF Mcgraw, Gary Denning, Dorothy TI Silver bullet talks with Dorothy Denning SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Washington, DC USA. EM gem@cigital.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.41 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 152OX UT WOS:000245372400004 ER PT J AU Martin, K AF Martin, Keye TI Secure communication without encryption? SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Martin, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. EM kmartin@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 5 IS 2 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.39 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 152OX UT WOS:000245372400013 ER PT J AU Ames, GH Maguire, JM AF Ames, Gregory H. Maguire, Jason M. TI Erbium fiber laser accelerometer SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; fiber laser; laser sensor; optical fiber sensor AB A new form of fiber accelerometer based on an erbium fiber laser sensor is presented. The transducer is a unique shape derived by an automated finite element analysis design optimization program and is constructed using stereolithography. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ames, GH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM amesgh@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; MaguireJM@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 557 EP 561 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.891995 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 150OR UT WOS:000245226600036 ER PT J AU Scribner, D Johnson, L Skeath, P Klein, R Ilg, D Wasserman, L Fernandez, N Freeman, W Peele, J Perkins, FK Friebele, EJ Bassett, WE Howard, JG Krebs, W AF Scribner, Dean Johnson, Lee Skeath, Perry Klein, Richard Ilg, Douglas Wasserman, Lucienne Fernandez, Nicolas Freeman, Wade Peele, John Perkins, F. Keith Friebele, E. Joseph Bassett, William E. Howard, J. Grant Krebs, William TI A Retinal Prosthesis Technology Based on CMOS Microelectronics and Microwire Glass Electrodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Biomedical; channel glass; electrode array; functional electrical stimulation; implantable devices; microstimulator; retinal prosthesis ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; BLIND; VISION AB A very large format neural stimulator device, to be used in future retinal prosthesis experiments, has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The device was designed to be positioned against a human retina for short periods in an operating room environment. Demonstrating a very large format, parallel interface between a 2-D microelectronic stimulator array and neural tissue would be an important step in proving the feasibility of high resolution retinal prosthesis for the blind. The architecture of the test device combines several novel components, including microwire glass, a microelectronic multiplexer, and a microcable connector. The array format is 80 x 40 array pixels with approximately 20 microwire electrodes per pixel. The custom assembly techniques involve indium bump bonding, ribbon bonding, and encapsulation. The design, fabrication, and testing of the device has resolved several important issues regarding the feasibility of high-resolution retinal prosthesis, namely, that the combination of conventional CMOS electronics and microwire glass provides a viable approach for a high resolution retinal prosthesis device. Temperature change from power dissipation within the device and maximum electrical output current levels suggest that the device is acceptable for acute human tests. C1 [Scribner, Dean; Fernandez, Nicolas; Peele, John; Friebele, E. Joseph; Howard, J. Grant] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson, Lee; Skeath, Perry; Klein, Richard; Ilg, Douglas; Wasserman, Lucienne; Bassett, William E.] SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Freeman, Wade] Smart Log, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. [Perkins, F. Keith] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krebs, William] Off Naval Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), Northrup Grumman Corp, Mission Syst Sector, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM ljohnson@axp56r.nrl.navy.mil FU ONR [342] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) NeoVision Program with previous support from ONR Code 342. This paper was recommended by Deputy Editor-in-Chief R. Butera. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4545 EI 1940-9990 J9 IEEE T BIOMED CIRC S JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1109/TBCAS.2007.893186 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA V10LQ UT WOS:000207465900009 PM 23851523 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Jin, N Pavlovicz, RE Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Chung, Sung-Yong Jin, Niu Pavlovicz, Ryan E. Berger, Paul R. Thompson, Phillip E. TI Analysis of the voltage swing for logic and memory applications in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annealing; circuit noise; logic circuit fault tolerance; semiconductor device doping; semiconductor epitaxial layers; semiconductor junctions; tunnel diode; tunnel diode circuits ID TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; PERFORMANCE; OPERATION; DEVICES; PHYSICS AB A method is investigated to directly engineer the voltage swing in SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITDs). Voltage swing, defined here as the voltage difference between the peak voltage and the projected peak voltage, is independent of series resistance, and thus directly impacts the noise margin in hybrid tunnel diode memory and logic applications. The three components of the total RITD current are analyzed to describe the voltage swing. The dependence of voltage swing on delta-doping concentrations and post-growth annealing temperatures in SiGe RITDs grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) is investigated and the experimental results are compared with a theoretical analysis. Techniques to increase the voltage swing are discussed. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), Spans Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2007.891831 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 148WW UT WOS:000245109100003 ER PT J AU Fernandez, S Palmer, DR Simmons, M Sun, PF Bisbing, J McClain, S Mani, S Burgess, T Gunther, V Sun, W AF Fernandez, Stefan Palmer, Dupeh R. Simmons, Monika Sun, Peifang Bisbing, John McClain, Sasha Mani, Sachin Burgess, Timothy Gunther, Vicky Sun, Wellington TI Potential role for toll-like receptor 4 in mediating Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein activation of dendritic cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SUBUNIT VACCINE; MICE; FUSION; RECOGNITION; TRANSPORT; RECEPTOR; TLR4 AB The Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP) is used to increase the stability and solubility of proteins in bacterial protein expression systems and is increasingly being used to facilitate the production and delivery of subunit vaccines against various pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The MBP tag is presumed inert, with minimum effects on the bioactivity of the tagged protein or its biodistribution. However, few studies have characterized the immunological attributes of MBP. Here, we analyze the phenotypic and functional outcomes of MBP-treated dendritic cells (DCs) and show that MBP induces DC activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12II70) within 24 h and strongly increases I kappa beta phosphorylation in treated cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation Of I kappa beta was largely abrogated by the addition of anti-human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibodies, indicating that MBP activates signaling for DC maturation via TLR4. Consistent with this hypothesis, MBP activated the TLR4-expressing cell line 293-hTLR4A but not control cultures to secrete IL-8. The observed data were independent of lipopolysaccharide contamination and support a role for TLR4 in mediating the effects of MBP. These results provide insight into a mechanism by which MBP might enhance immune responses to vaccine fusion proteins. C1 WRAIR, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. WRAIR, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fernandez, S (reprint author), WRAIR, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM stefan.fernandez@na.amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 BP 1359 EP 1363 DI 10.1128/IAI.00486-06 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 143PD UT WOS:000244733900032 PM 17220311 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Wood, RK AF Royset, Johannes O. Wood, R. Kevin TI Solving the bi-objective maximum-flow network-interdiction problem SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE interdiction; maximum flow; Lagrangian relaxation; cut enumeration ID OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS AB We describe a new algorithm for computing the efficient frontier of the "bi-objective maximum-flow network-interdiction problem." In this problem, an "interdictor" seeks to interdict (destroy) a set of arcs in a capacitated network that are Pareto-optimal with respect to two objectives, minimizing total interdiction cost and minimizing maximum flow. The algorithm identifies these solutions through a sequence of single-objective problems solved using Lagrangian relaxation and a specialized branch-and-bound algorithm. The Lagrangian problems are simply max-flow min-cut problems, while the branch-and-bound procedure partially enumerates s-t cuts. Computational tests reveal the new algorithm to be one to two orders of magnitude faster than an algorithm that replaces the specialized branch-and-bound algorithm with a standard integer-programming solver. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DRIVE, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1310 USA SN 1091-9856 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1060.0191 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 199BJ UT WOS:000248670900004 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Eggleston, K Lau, J Schmid, CH AF Shen, Yu-Chu Eggleston, Karen Lau, Joseph Schmid, Christopher H. TI Hospital ownership and financial performance: What explains the different findings in the empirical literature? SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Article ID FOR-PROFIT HOSPITALS; SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT; MARKET-STRUCTURE; METAANALYSIS; CARE; ENTERPRISE; WAGE; COST AB This study applies meta-analytic methods to conduct a quantitative review of the empirical literature on hospital ownership since 1990. We examine four financial outcomes across 40 studies: cost, revenue, profit margin, and efficiency. We find that variation in the magnitudes of ownership effects can be explained by a study's research focus and methodology. Studies using empirical methods that control for few confounding factors tend to find larger differences between for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals than studies that control for a wider range of confounding factors. Functional form and sample size also matter. Failure to apply log transformation to highly skewed expenditure data yields misleadingly large estimated differences between for-profits and not-for-profits. Studies with fewer than 200 observations also produce larger point estimates and wide confidence intervals. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Biostat Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Code GB,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 150 EAST MAIN ST, ROCHESTER, NY 14647 USA SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 41 EP 68 PG 28 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 176NZ UT WOS:000247093400006 PM 17583261 ER PT J AU Ghabcheloo, R Pascoal, A Silvestre, C Kaminer, I AF Ghabcheloo, R. Pascoal, A. Silvestre, C. Kaminer, I. TI Non-linear co-ordinated path following control of multiple wheeled robots with bidirectional communication constraints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE co-ordinated motion control; graph theory; path following; wheeled robots AB The paper presents a solution to the problem of steering a group of wheeled robots along given spatial paths, while holding a desired inter-vehicle formation pattern. This problem arises for example when multiple robots are required to search a given area in cooperation. The solution proposed addresses explicitly the dynamics of the cooperating robots and the constraints imposed by the topology of the inter-vehicle communications network. Lyapunov-based techniques and graph theory are brought together to yield a decentralized control structure where the information exchanged among the robots is kept at a minimum. With the set-up proposed, path following (in space) and inter-vehicle co-ordination (in time) are essentially decoupled. Path following for each vehicle amounts to reducing a conveniently defined error variable to zero. Vehicle co-ordination is achieved by adjusting the speed of each of the vehicles along its path according to information on the positions and speeds of a subset of the other vehicles, as determined by the communications topology adopted. Simulations illustrate the efficacy of the solution proposed. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Silvestre, C (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM cjs@isr.ist.utl.pt; reza@isr.ist.utl.pt; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; kaminer@nps.navy.edu RI Silvestre, Carlos/F-9189-2010; OI Silvestre, Carlos/0000-0002-5096-5527; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671; Ghabcheloo, Reza/0000-0002-6043-4236 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-6327 EI 1099-1115 J9 INT J ADAPT CONTROL JI Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 157 DI 10.1002/acs.923 PG 25 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 148BD UT WOS:000245048600004 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Clarke, TK Mog, SR Landauer, MR AF Davis, Thomas A. Clarke, Tara K. Mog, Steven R. Landauer, Michael R. TI Subcutaneous administration of genistein prior to lethal irradiation supports multilineage, hematopoietic progenitor cell recovery and survival SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radioprotectants; ionizing radiation; hematopoietic reconstitution; genistein ID TREATMENT PROTECTS MICE; ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN; IONIZING-RADIATION; DIETARY GENISTEIN; STEM-CELLS; RADIOPROTECTION; FLAVONOIDS; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; THERAPY AB Purpose: Genistein, a non-toxic isoflavone from soybeans, has immunomodulating and radioprotective properties. In this study we investigated the mechanism for genistein-induced radioprotection by evaluating the recovery of bone marrow cells and peripheral blood hematology in lethally irradiated mice. Materials and methods: CD2F1 male mice received a single subcutaneous injection of genistein (200 mg/kg) 24 h prior to a lethal, total body irradiation dose (8.75 Gy) of cobalt-60 gamma radiation. Survival and hematopoietic reconstitution were evaluated over nine weeks post-irradiation. Hematopoietic progenitor colony-forming cell assays were used to assess the reconstitution of bone marrow after radiation-induced myelosuppression. Results: A total of 97% of genistein-treated mice survived after 30 days while 31% of vehicle-treated and 0% of untreated mice survived. The improvement in survival was related to accelerated neutrophil and platelet recovery, resulting from earlier and more pronounced multilineage, hematopoietic progenitor cell reconstitution in the femoral marrow compartment. Myeloid and erythroid progenitor cell numbers at day 15 post-irradiation were 6-fold to 20-fold higher in genistein-treated animals than in control animals. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a single subcutaneous administration of genistein 24 h before irradiation provides significant radioprotection to the hematopoietic progenitor cell compartment. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Landauer, MR (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bldg 42, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM landauer@afrri.usuhs.mil NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1080/09553000601132642 PG 11 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 139TQ UT WOS:000244455900001 PM 17378522 ER PT J AU Tonn, DA Bansal, R AF Tonn, David A. Bansal, Rajeev TI Reduction of sidelobe levels in interrupted phased array antennas by means of a genetic algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE antenna array; sidelobe level; genetic algorithm AB Interruptions in the regular lattice of a phased array antenna can lead to elevated sidelobe levels in the resulting antenna pattern. A method for reducing the sidelobe level in such an array is presented, based on the use of a genetic algorithm that modifies the element weights in the array. Results are presented for both scanned and unscanned arrays. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tonn, DA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM david.tonn@navy.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1002/mmce.20207 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 152PC UT WOS:000245372900002 ER PT J AU Jones, FR Miller, G Gadea, N Meza, R Leon, S Perez, J Lescano, AG Pajuelo, J Caceres, CF Klausner, JD Coates, TJ AF Jones, F. R. Miller, G. Gadea, N. Meza, R. Leon, S. Perez, J. Lescano, A. G. Pajuelo, J. Caceres, C. F. Klausner, J. D. Coates, T. J. CA NIMH Collaborative HIV STI Prevent TI Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among young women in low-income populations of coastal Peru SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE bacterial vaginosis; socially marginalized populations; sexually transmitted infections; human immunodeficiency virus; Peru ID VAGINAL FLORA; RISK-FACTOR; INFECTION; MICROBIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; BVBLUE; BIRTH AB The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in Peruvian women from socioeconomically deprived populations and to determine the association between BV and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Women were administered an epidemiologic survey to determine sexual risk behaviour and they provided biological samples to test for BV and STDs. The prevalence of BV was high (27%) and was significantly associated with having a bacterial STD or trichomoniasis. Age, marital status, and a history of sex work, but not of sexual experience, frequency of intercourse, and unprotected intercourse, were associated with BV. As BV may be a marker for STDs, screening for STDs should be performed in individuals with BV to promote early detection and treatment of co-infecting sexually transmitted pathogens. C1 Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Bacterial Dis Program, Lima, Peru. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. NIMH, Multisite Int Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jones, FR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jonesf@nmrc.navy.mil RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Caceres, Carlos/0000-0002-8101-0790 FU NIMH NIH HHS [U10 MH061536, U10 MH61536] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1258/095646207780132505 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 155OK UT WOS:000245587000011 PM 17362553 ER PT J AU Green, BE Chung, JJ AF Green, Bradford E. Chung, James J. TI Transonic computational fluid dynamics calculations on preproduction F/A-18E for stability and control SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ABRUPT WING STALL AB Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict the longitudinal and lateral/directional stability and control characteristics of an 8%-scale wind tunnel model of the preproduction F/A-18E Super Hornet at two transonic Mach numbers without any prior knowledge of existing wind tunnel or flight test data. The tetrahedral unstructured software system was used to genera and analyze grids during this computational study. The longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the aircraft were evaluated using three different horizontal tail deflections. Before evaluating nonzero horizontal tail deflections, coarse, medium and fine grids of the preproduction F/A-18E with a horizontal tail deflection of 0 deg were used in a grid resolution study to determine the grid density that was required to accurately calculate the forces and moments of the aircraft. The grid resolution study indicated that the medium grid was adequate at Mach 0.8 whereas the fine grid was necessary at Mach 0.9. The medium and fine grids with tail deflections of -6 and 6 deg were then generated and analyzed at Mach 0.8 and Mach 0.9, respectively, to determine the longitudinal stability and control characteristics of the aircraft. The lateral/ directional stability and control characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E were evaluated using a range of sideslip angles for several different angles of attack at Mach 0.8 and 0.9. The computational results compared very favorably to the existing wind tunnel data. C1 NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Green, BE (reprint author), NAVAIR, Bldg 2187,Unit 5,Suite 1320-B,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.2514/1.22846 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 155YP UT WOS:000245615000008 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Smith, HE Landis, G Smith, SR Glaser, ER AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, William D. Smith, H. E. Landis, G. Smith, S. R. Glaser, E. R. TI Compensation mechanism in high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; ACCEPTOR FITS; DEEP LEVELS; DEFECTS; CENTERS; EQUIVALENCE; RESONANCE; DONOR AB A study of deep levels in high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC has been made using temperature dependent Hall effect (TDH), thermal and optical admittance spectroscopies, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Thermal activation energies from TDH varied from a low of 0.55 eV to a high of 1.65 eV. All samples studied showed n-type conduction with the Fermi level in the upper half of the band gap. Fits of the TDH data to different charge balance equations and comparison of the fitting results with SIMS measurements indicated that the deep levels are acceptorlike even though they are in the upper half of the band gap. Carrier concentration measurements indicated that the deep levels are present in concentrations in the low 10(15) cm(-3) range, while SIMS results demonstrate nitrogen and boron concentrations in the low to mid-10(15)-cm(-3) range. The results suggest that compensation in this material is a complex process involving multiple deep levels. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053716 DI 10.1063/1.2437677 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400077 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Bassim, ND Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Holm, RT Neudeck, P Powell, JA Trunek, AJ AF Twigg, M. E. Bassim, N. D. Mastro, M. A. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Henry, R. L. Culbertson, J. C. Holm, R. T. Neudeck, P. Powell, J. A. Trunek, A. J. TI Strain relief and dislocation motion in III-nitride films grown on stepped and step-free 4H-SiC mesas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN; STRESS; LAYERS; STATE AB The impetus for dislocation motion in thin films is generally understood in terms of Peach-Koehler forces. For the case of III-nitride films grown on step-free 4H-SiC mesas, however, it is the gradient of the strain energy from the mesa edge that is capable of driving misfit dislocations. Using the strain profile as a function of the distance from the mesa edge and the line tension of the c-plane threading arms, we have calculated the excess stress driving the half loop from the mesa edge into the mesa interior. We have also compared the half-loop excess stress with the excess stress driving the tilt of threading edge dislocations, which has been proposed as one of the principal strain relief mechanisms in III-nitride films. The excess stress driving c-plane half loops ranges from a few 1000 MPa at the mesa edge to few 100 MPa towards the mesa interior, while the excess stress driving the tilt of threading edge dislocations is in excess of 20 000 MPa. The greater excess stress driving dislocation tilt, however, does not dominate strain relief for III-nitride films on step-free SiC mesas due to the difficulty in nucleating threading dislocations in the absence of interfacial steps. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053509 DI 10.1063/1.2435068 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400035 ER PT J AU Dainer, H Nelson, J Brass, K Montcalm-Smith, E Mahon, R AF Dainer, Hugh Nelson, John Brass, Kathryn Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth Mahon, Richard TI Short oxygen prebreathing and intravenous perfluorocarbon emulsion reduces morbidity and mortality in a swine saturation model of decompression sickness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disabled submarine; nitrogen ID PERFLUBRON EMULSION; NITROGEN ELIMINATION; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; BLOOD SUBSTITUTES; RANDOMIZED SAFETY; AIR-SATURATION; ILLNESS; BUBBLES; RISK AB Disabled submarine (DISSUB) survivors will achieve inert gas tissue saturation within 24 h. Direct ascent to the surface when saturated carries a high risk of decompression sickness (DCS) and death, yet may be necessary during rescue or escape. O-2 has demonstrated benefits in decreasing morbidity and mortality resulting from DCS by enhancing inert gas elimination. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) also mitigate the effects of DCS by decreasing bubble formation and increasing O-2 delivery. Our hypothesis is that combining O-2 prebreathing (OPB) and PFC administration will reduce the incidence of DCS and death following saturation in an established 20-kg swine model. Yorkshire swine (20 +/- 6.5 kg) were compressed to 5 atmospheres (ATA) in a dry chamber for 22 h before randomization into one of four groups: 1) air and saline, 2) OPB and saline, 3) OPB with PFC given at depth, 4) OPB with PFC given after surfacing. OPB animals received > 90% O-2 for 9 min at depth. All animals were returned to the surface ( 1 ATA) without decompression stops. The incidence of severe DCS < 2 h after surfacing was 96%, 63%, 82%, and 29% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The incidence of death was 88%, 41%, 54%, and 5% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. OPB combined with PFC administration after surfacing provided the greatest reduction in DCS morbidity and mortality in a saturation swine model. O-2-related seizure activity before reaching surface did not negatively affect outcome, but further safety studies are warranted. C1 USN, Undersea Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Dainer, H (reprint author), USN, Undersea Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM templed@nmrc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01539.2005 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 143LF UT WOS:000244722400039 PM 17095628 ER PT J AU Rogers, WE Wang, DWC AF Rogers, W. Erick Wang, David W. C. TI Directional validation of wave predictions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-WAVES; SPECTRA; MODEL; BUOY; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION; PITCH; COMPUTATIONS; DISSIPATION; SWELL AB A methodology for quantitative, directional validation of a long-term wave model hindcast is described and applied. Buoy observations are used as ground truth and the method does not require the application of a parametric model or data-adaptive method to the observations. Four frequency ranges, relative to the peak frequency, are considered. The validation of the hindcast does not suggest any systematic bias in predictions of directional spreading at or above the spectral peak. Idealized simulations are presented to aid in the interpretation of results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rogers, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rogers@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 3 BP 504 EP 520 DI 10.1175/JTECH1990.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150MX UT WOS:000245222000014 ER PT J AU Moore, TE Fok, MC Delcourt, DC Slinker, SP Fedder, JA AF Moore, T. E. Fok, M.-C. Delcourt, D. C. Slinker, S. P. Fedder, J. A. TI Global aspects of solar wind-ionosphere interactions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Workshop on Global Aspects of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA HO Yosemite Natl Park DE solar wind; ionosphere; plasma; heating; circulation ID HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; PLASMA SHEET; RING CURRENT; ION OUTFLOW; POLAR AB Recent observations have quantified the auroral wind O(+) outflow in response to magnetospheric inputs to the ionosphere, notably Poynting energy flux and precipitating electron density. For moderate to high activity periods, ionospheric O(+) is observed to become a significant or dominant component of plasma pressure in the inner plasma sheet and ring current regions. Using a global circulation model of magnetospheric fields and its imposed ionospheric boundary conditions, we evaluate the, global ionospheric plasma response to local magnetospheric conditions imposed by the simulation and evaluate magnetospheric circulation of solar wind H(+), polar wind H(+), and amoral wind O(+). We launch and track the motions of millions of test particles in the global fields, launched at randomly distributed positions and times. Each particle is launched with a flux weighting and perpendicular and parallel energies randomly selected from defined thermal ranges appropriate to the launch point. One sequence is driven by a two-hour period of southward interplanetary magnetic field for average solar wind intensity. A second is driven by a 2-h period of enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure for average interplanetary field. We find that the simulated ionospheric O(+) becomes a significant plasma pressure component in the inner plasma sheet and outer ring current region, particularly when the solar wind is intense or its magnetic field is southward directed. We infer that the reported empirical scalings of auroral wind O(+) outflows are consistent with a substantial pressure contribution to the inner plasma sheet and plasma source surrounding the ring current. This result violates the common assumption that the ionospheric load is entirely confined to the F layer, and shows that the ionosphere is often an important dynamic element throughout the magnetosphere during moderate to large solar wind disturbances. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CETP, F-94107 St Maur des Fosses, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Moore, TE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM thomas.e.moore@nsaa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012; Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137; NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SI SI BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.08.009 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158EK UT WOS:000245773900008 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Rank, R Kaltenboeck, B Magnino, S Dean, D Burall, L Plaut, RD Read, TD Myers, G Bavoil, PM AF Liu, Zhi Rank, Roger Kaltenboeck, Bernhard Magnino, Simone Dean, Deborah Burall, Laurel Plaut, Roger D. Read, Timothy D. Myers, Garry Bavoil, Patrik M. TI Genomic plasticity of the rrn-nqrF intergenic segment in the Chlamydiaceae SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHI SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; TRACHOMATIS; PNEUMONIAE; INVASIN; CELLS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; PROTEIN AB In Chlamydiaceae, the nucleotide sequence between the 5S rRNA gene and the gene for subunit F of the Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase (nqrF or dmpP) has varied lengths and gene contents. We analyzed this site in 45 Chlamydiaceae strains having diverse geographical and pathological origins and including members of all nine species. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Lombardia & Emilia, Pavia, Italy. USN, Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD USA. Inst Genome Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Bavoil, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Dent, 650 W Baltimore St,7 South, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM pbavoil@umaryland.edu RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; Plaut, Roger/B-2340-2013; Myers, Garry/E-7708-2011 OI Plaut, Roger/0000-0002-0883-972X; Myers, Garry/0000-0002-4756-4810 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI51472, AI47202, R01 AI047202, R01 AI051472, R01 AI4310, T32 AI007540]; NIDCR NIH HHS [T32 DE007309, T32 DE07309-08] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 189 IS 5 BP 2128 EP 2132 DI 10.1128/JB.00378-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 139WH UT WOS:000244462800071 PM 17158668 ER PT J AU Doraiswamy, A Narayan, RJ Harris, ML Qadri, SB Modi, R Chrisey, DB AF Doraiswamy, A. Narayan, R. J. Harris, M. L. Qadri, S. B. Modi, R. Chrisey, D. B. TI Laser microfabrication of hydroxyapatite-osteoblast-like cell composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE laser processing; direct writing; tissue engineering; zirconia; hydroxyapatite ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; BONE; PHOSPHATE; SURFACE; STATE AB We have developed a novel approach for layer-by-layer growth of tissue-engineered materials using a direct writing process known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW). Unlike conventional cell-seeding methods, this technique provides the possibility for cell-material integration prior to artificial tissue fabrication. This process also provides greater flexibility in selection and processing of scaffold materials. In addition, MAPLE DW offers rapid computer-controlled deposition of mesoscopic voxels at high spatial resolutions. We have examined MAPLE DW processing of zirconia and hydroxyapatite scaffold materials that can provide a medical device with nearly inert and bioactive implant-tissue interfaces, respectively. We have also demonstrated codeposition of hydroxyapatite, MG 63 osteoblast-like cells, and extracellular matrix using MAPLE DW. We have shown that osteoblast-like cells remain viable and retain the capacity for proliferation when codeposited with bio-ceramic scaffold materials. Our results on MG 63-hydroxy-apatite composites can be extended to develop other integrated cell-scaffold structures for medical and dental applications. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM roger_narayan@unc.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 80A IS 3 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30969 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 135DM UT WOS:000244134300012 PM 17051538 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Butcher, R Wolak, MA Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH AF Karle, I. L. Butcher, R. Wolak, M. A. Lee, S. H. Kafafi, Z. H. TI Conformational diversity: Six conformers side-by-side in the crystal cell of 2,2 ',7,7 '-tetramethoxy-9,9 '-spiro-9-silabifluorene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE approximately orthogonal moieties; high temperature crystal form; pi-stacking; hydrogen bonding; planar fluorene groups; pseudo-centers of symmetry; spiro-silabifluorene derivative ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHYSICAL VAPOR GROWTH; DERIVATIVES; BONDS AB X-ray crystal structure analysis of a sublimation-grown spiro silabifluorene, that is highly fluorescent in the violet-blue, established that there are six cocrystallized ordered conformers in the asymmetric unit. Crystals were grown by a vapor transport method under argon gas flow at temperatures between 255-280 degrees C. As expected, there are no cocrystallized solvent molecules. There is no pi-stacking of the aryl groups. There is no possibility for normal hydrogen bond formation; however, several CH center dot center dot center dot pi bonds occur. The packing is efficient with a density of 1.24 g/cc. Each conformer deviates from tetrahedral geometry around the Si atom. Cell data are: C(28)H(24)O(4)Six12, sp. gr. P (1) over bar, a=16.2750(5) angstrom, b=20.6613(5) angstrom, c=23.8289(5) angstrom, alpha=102.025(2)degrees, beta=94.252(2)degrees, and gamma=109.916(2)degrees, V=7275(1) angstrom(3). C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM isabella.karle@nrl.navy.mil RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10870-006-9129-x PG 9 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 137RQ UT WOS:000244310100003 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, WC AF Ramamurti, Ravi Sandberg, William C. TI A computational investigation of the three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics of Drosophila hovering and maneuvering SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flapping wings; insect flight; insect hovering; insect maneuvering; Drosophila; incompressible flow; unstructured grid; unsteady aerodynamics ID FLAPPING AQUATIC FLIGHT; INSECT FLIGHT; FLUID-DYNAMICS; BIRD WRASSE AB Three-dimensional unsteady computations of the flow past a fruit fly Drosophila under hovering and free flight conditions are computed. The kinematics of the wings and the body of the fruit fly are prescribed from experimental observations. The computed unsteady lift and thrust forces are validated with experimental results and are in excellent agreement. The unsteady aerodynamic origin of the time-varying yaw moment is identified. The differences in the kinematics between the right and the left wings show that subtle change in the stroke angle and deviation angle can result in the yaw moment for the turning maneuver. The computed yaw moment reaches a peak value at the beginning of the maneuver and remains positive throughout the remainder of the maneuver. The origin of the yaw moment is investigated by computing the center of pressures on each wing and the individual moment arms. This investigation leads to the conclusion that it is the forward force and a component of the lift force that combine to produce the turning moment while the side force alone produces the restoring torque during the maneuver. The vorticity shed from the wing's leading edge and the tips show a loop like structure that during stroke reversals pinches off into Lambda-like structures that have not been previously observed in the wakes of flapping fliers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ravi@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Sikandar, Usama/F-6586-2016 NR 18 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 5 BP 881 EP 896 DI 10.1242/jeb.02704 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 142EU UT WOS:000244633000022 PM 17297147 ER PT J AU Turner, SE Asako, Y Faghri, M AF Turner, Stephen E. Asako, Yutaka Faghri, Mohammad TI Convection heat transfer in microchannels with high speed gas flow SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE experimental; heat transfer; microscale; sensors; thin films AB This paper presents an experimental investigation of convective heat transfer for lamillar gas flow through a microchannel. A test stand was set up to impose thermal boundary conditions of constant temperature gradient along the microchannel length. Additionally,, thin film temperature sensors were developed and used to directly measure the microchannel surface temperature. Heat transfer experiments were conducted with laminar nitrogen gas flow, in which the outlet Ma was between 0.10 and 0.42. The experimental measurements of inlet and outlet, gas temperature and the microchannel wall temperature were used to validate a two-dimensional numerical model for gaseous flow in microchannel. The model was then used to determine local values of Ma, Re, and Nu. The numerical results show that after the entrance region, Nu approaches 8.23, the fully developed value of Nu for incompressible flow for constant wall heat flux if Nu is defined based on (T-w-T-ref) and plotted as a function of the new dimensionless axial length, X*=(x/2H)(Ma(2))/(RePr). C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Turner, SE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM turnerse@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; asako@ecomp.metro-u.ac.jp; faghri@egr.uri.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1115/1.2426358 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 153TF UT WOS:000245457400009 ER PT J AU Auyeung, RCY Kim, H Mathews, SA Pique, A AF Auyeung, Raymond C. Y. Kim, Heungsoo Mathews, Scott A. Pique, Alberto TI Laser Direct-Write of Metallic Nanoparticle Inks SO JOURNAL OF LASER MICRO NANOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Laser direct-write; laser printing; laser curing; laser sintering; silver nanoink; nanoparticle ink; inkjet printing; flexible electronics; polymer substrate; low cure temperature AB The combination of nanoparticle inks with laser direct-write allows the laser printing of fine electrically-conductive patterns on substrates requiring extremely low processing temperatures (< 250 degrees C). Silver lines with widths under 20 microns and thicknesses under one micron have been laser printed (using a 355 nm laser direct-write system) on polyimide substrates. These features are equivalent to those seen in typical vapor deposited and lithographically patterned thin films. Electrical resistivities of these lines in the range of 5-10 times bulk silver have been demonstrated. The low processing temperature of the nanoparticle inks also allows the laser-curing of printed silver lines without damage to the sensitive substrate. A cw 532 nm laser was used to cure as deposited silver lines with a resistivity similar to that achieved in oven-curing. This approach is ideally suited for the prototyping and short production runs of interconnects for flexible electronics, RFID antennas and OLED displays. This work will show how these nanoparticle inks are processed using laser direct-write, and will discuss the structure and electrical properties of these printed lines on polyimide substrates. C1 [Auyeung, Raymond C. Y.; Kim, Heungsoo; Pique, Alberto] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mathews, Scott A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Auyeung, RCY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM auyeung@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 31 PU JAPAN LASER PROCESSING SOC PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, 11-1 MIHOGAOKA, IBARAKI C/O KATAYAMA LAB, JOINING & WELDING RES INST, OSAKA, 567-0047, JAPAN SN 1880-0688 J9 J LASER MICRO NANOEN JI J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V04KT UT WOS:000207058000004 ER PT J AU Mathews, SA Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Mathews, Scott A. Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Pique, Alberto TI Use of Laser Direct-Write in Microelectronics Assembly SO JOURNAL OF LASER MICRO NANOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Laser Direct-Write; laser-induced forward transfer; laser die transfer; laser-assisted microelectronics assembly AB The use of a laser-based direct-write (LDW) process is presented for the transfer of unpackaged semiconductor bare die for microelectronics assembly applications. Previous work using LDW techniques at the Naval Research Laboratory had been aimed towards demonstrating the use of a laser-based microfabrication process for direct-writing the materials required for the fabrication of microelectronic components such as interconnects, passives, antennas, sensors and power sources. Recently, we have applied the LDW process in forward-transfer mode to the release and transfer of single devices, such as semiconductor bare die, inside a pocket or recess in a substrate, thus performing the same function as pick-and-place machines used in circuit board assembly. The use of this technique is ideally suited for the assembly of microelectronic components and systems while allowing the overall circuit design and layout to be easily modified or adapted to any specific application or form factor. This paper presents examples of how the LDW process can be used as an effective laser die transfer tool and analysis of the laser-driven release process as applied to various types of silicon bare dies. C1 [Mathews, Scott A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Auyeung, Ray C. Y.; Pique, Alberto] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mathews, SA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU JAPAN LASER PROCESSING SOC PI OSAKA PA OSAKA UNIV, 11-1 MIHOGAOKA, IBARAKI C/O KATAYAMA LAB, JOINING & WELDING RES INST, OSAKA, 567-0047, JAPAN SN 1880-0688 J9 J LASER MICRO NANOEN JI J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V04KT UT WOS:000207058000019 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RB Sova, RM Joseph, RI AF Jenkins, R. Brian Sova, Raymond M. Joseph, Richard I. TI Steady-state noise analysis of spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brillouin scattering; noise; nonlinear optics; numerical analysis; optical-fiber communication ID INTENSITY; SYSTEMS; STOKES AB In this paper, we present a steady-state theoretical and experimental analysis of the noise resulting from spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber. Wave equations are derived and solved that describe the evolution of the pump and Stokes waves along the fiber. Experiments and numerical results demonstrate the validity of the theory, either when a Stokes wave is launched at the end of the fiber or when the noise in the Stokes wave is spontaneously generated. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Jenkins, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bjenkins@usna.edu; Raymond.Sova@jhuapl.edu; rjoseph@jhu.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1016/JLT.2006.889673 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 158YP UT WOS:000245831900014 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Thompson, JD Pelekhov, DV Mewes, T Wigen, PE Kim, J Zalalutdinov, M Baldwin, JW Houston, B Hammel, PC Movshovich, R AF Nazaretski, E. Thompson, J. D. Pelekhov, D. V. Mewes, T. Wigen, P. E. Kim, J. Zalalutdinov, M. Baldwin, J. W. Houston, B. Hammel, P. C. Movshovich, R. TI Magnetic resonance force microscopy studies in a thin permalloy film SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic films; magnetic resonance force microscopy; temperature dependence; ferromagnetic resonance AB A 50 nm thick Permalloy film has been studied using magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM). The ferromagnetic resonance signal has been mechanically detected utilizing a cantilever with a Nd2Fe14B tip. The measurements were performed in the temperature range between 10 and 70 K and a DC field applied perpendicular to the surface of the. lm. The microwave field was in the plane. The measurements indicate a decrease of the ferromagnetic resonance field with increasing temperature which may be attributed to temperature-dependent changes of the saturation magnetization. The measurements demonstrate the capability of MRFM to study temperature-dependent phenomena. (C) 2006 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM evgnaz@lanl.gov RI Mewes, Tim/B-4796-2009; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Mewes, Tim/0000-0001-6166-9427; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 310 IS 2 BP E941 EP E943 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.994 PN 3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 185ON UT WOS:000247720400447 ER PT J AU Shriver, JF Hurlburt, HE Smedstad, OM Wallcraft, AJ Rhodes, RC AF Shriver, J. F. Hurlburt, H. E. Smedstad, O. M. Wallcraft, A. J. Rhodes, R. C. TI 1/32 degrees real-time global ocean prediction and value-added over 1/16 degrees resolution SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics CY MAY 03-07, 2004 CL Liege, BELGIUM DE global ocean prediction; prediction of mesoscale variability; data assimilation; ocean forecast verification ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DATA ASSIMILATION; ALTIMETER DATA; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; MAPPING CAPABILITIES; GENERAL CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; JAPAN/EAST SEA AB A 1/32 degrees global ocean nowcast/forecast system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center. It started running at the Naval Oceanographic Office in near real-time on 1 Nov. 2003 and has been running daily in real-time since 1 Mar. 2005. It became an operational system on 6 March 2006, replacing the existing 1/16 degrees system which ceased operation on 12 March 2006. Both systems use the NRL Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with assimilation of sea surface height from satellite altimeters and sea surface temperature from multi-channel satellite infrared radiometers. Real-time and archived results are available online at http://www.ocean.nrlssc.navy.mil/global_nlom. The 1/32 degrees system has improvements over the earlier system that can be grouped into two categories: (1) better resolution and representation of dynamical processes and (2) design modifications. The design modifications are the result of accrued knowledge since the development of the earlier 1/16 degrees system. The improved horizontal resolution of the 1/32 degrees system has significant dynamical benefits which increase the ability of the model to accurately nowcast and skillfully forecast. At the finer resolution, current pathways and their transports become more accurate, the sea surface height (SSH) variability increases and becomes more realistic and even the global ocean circulation experiences some changes (including interbasin exchange). These improvements make the 1/32 degrees system a better dynamical interpolator of assimilated satellite altimeter track data, using a one-day model forecast as the first guess. The result is quantitatively more accurate nowcasts, as is illustrated by several model-data comparisons. Based on comparisons with ocean color imagery in the northwestern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, the 1/32 degrees system has even demonstrated the ability to map small eddies, 25-75 kin in diameter, with 70% reliability and a median eddy center location error of 22.5 km, a surprising and unanticipated result from assimilation of altimeter track data. For all of the eddies (50% small eddies), the reliability was 80% and the median eddy center location error was 29 kin. The 1/32 degrees system also exhibits improved forecast skill in relation to the 1/16 degrees system. This is due to (a) a more accurate initial condition for the forecast and (b) better resolution and representation of critical dynamical processes (such as upper ocean - topographic coupling via mesoscale flow instabilities) which allow the model to more accurately evolve these features in time while running in forecast mode (forecast atmospheric forcing for the first 5 days, then gradually reverting toward climatology for the remainder of the 30-day forecast period). At 1/32 degrees resolution, forecast SSH generally compares better with unassimilated observations and the anomaly correlation of the forecast SSH exceeds that from persistence by a larger amount than found in the 1/16 degrees system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shriver, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM shriver@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 43 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.11.021 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 147LB UT WOS:000245003400002 ER PT J AU Chassignet, EP Hurlburt, HE Smedstad, OM Halliwell, GR Hogan, PJ Wallcraft, AJ Baraille, R Bleck, R AF Chassignet, Eric P. Hurlburt, Harley E. Smedstad, Ole Martin Halliwell, George R. Hogan, Patrick J. Wallcraft, Alan J. Baraille, Remy Bleck, Rainer TI The HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) data assimilative system SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics CY MAY 03-07, 2004 CL Liege, BELGIUM DE ocean prediction; data assimilation; HYCOM; ocean modeling; GODAE; boundary conditions ID VERTICAL COORDINATE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLOSURE-MODEL; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSIVITIES; SIMULATIONS; THERMOCLINE; RESOLUTION; MULTISCALE; EQUATIONS AB This article provides an overview of the effort centered on the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) to develop an eddy-resolving, real-time global and basin-scale ocean hindcast, nowcast, and prediction system in the context of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE). The main characteristics of HYCOM are first presented, followed by a description and assessment of the present near real-time Atlantic forecasting system. Regional/coastal applications are also discussed since an important attribute of the data assimilative HYCOM simulations is the capability to provide boundary conditions to regional and coastal models. The final section describes the steps taken toward the establishment of the fully global eddy-resolving HYCOM data assimilative system and discusses some of the difficulties associated with advanced data assimilation given the size of the problem. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. SHOM CMO, Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chassignet, EP (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM echassignet@coaps.fsu.edu RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X NR 71 TC 256 Z9 260 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 60 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.09.016 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 147LB UT WOS:000245003400005 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI An inverse model for calculation of global volume transport from wind and hydrographic data SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics CY MAY 03-07, 2004 CL Liege, BELGIUM DE inverse model; volume transport streamfunction; volume transport vorticity; wind-driven circulation; density-driven circulation; depth-integrated velocity; Poisson equation; P-vector ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; SOUTH CHINA SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; FLOW PATTERNS; THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE; SVERDRUP TRANSPORTS; ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB The P-vector inverse method has been successfully used to invert the absolute velocity from hydrographic data for the extra-equatorial hemispheres, but not for the equatorial region since it is based on the geostrophic balance. A smooth interpolation scheme across the equator is developed in this study to bring together the two already known solutions (P-vectors) for the extra-equatorial hemispheres. This model contains four major components: (a) the P-vector inverse model to obtain the solutions for the two extra-equatorial hemispheres, (b) the objective method to determine the Psi-values at individual islands, (c) the Poisson equation-solver to obtain the Pi-values over the equatorial region from the volume transport vorticity equation, and (d) the Poisson equation-solver to obtain the Psi and depth-integrated velocity field (U, V) over the globe from the Poisson Psi-equation. The Poisson equation-solver is similar to the box model developed by Wunsch. Thus, this method combines the strength from both box and P-vector models. The calculated depth-integrated velocity and Psi-field agree well with earlier studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 376 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.06.010 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 147LB UT WOS:000245003400022 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP McNelley, TR Langdon, TG AF Zhilyaev, A. P. McNelley, T. R. Langdon, T. G. TI Evolution of microstructure and microtexture in fcc metals during high-pressure torsion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nanomaterisls - Materials and Processing for Functional Applications held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ALLOY; SUPERPLASTICITY; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; NI3AL; REFINEMENT; STEEL; NI AB Pure nickel and commercially pure (CP) aluminium were selected as model fcc materials for a detailed investigation of the experimental parameters influencing grain refinement and evolution of microstructure and microtexture during processing by high-pressure torsion (HPT). Samples were examined after HPT using microhardness measurements, transmission electron microscopy and orientation imaging microscopy. Processing by HPT produces a grain size of similar to 170 nm in pure Ni and similar to 1 mu m in CP aluminium. It is shown that homogeneous and equiaxed microstructures can be attained throughout the samples of nickel when using applied pressures of at least similar to 6 GPa after 5 whole revolution. In CP aluminium, a homogeneous and equiaxed microstructure was achieved after 2 whole revolutions under an applied pressure of 1 GPa. For these conditions, the distributions of grain boundary misorientations are similar in the centre and at the periphery of the samples. It is shown that simple shear texture develops in fcc metals subjected to high-pressure torsion. Some grain growth was detected at the periphery of the Al disk after 8 revolutions. The factors influencing the development of homogeneous microstructures in processing by HPT are discussed. C1 RAS, Inst Superplastic Met Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CSIS, Ctr Natl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), RAS, Inst Superplastic Met Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. EM zhilyaev@cenim.csic.es RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 35 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1517 EP 1528 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0628-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 142WZ UT WOS:000244683100015 ER PT J AU Johnson, L Scribner, D Skeath, P Klein, R Ilg, D Perkins, K Helfgott, M Sanders, R Panigrahi, D AF Johnson, Lee Scribner, Dean Skeath, Perry Klein, Richard Ilg, Doug Perkins, Keith Helfgott, Maxwell Sanders, Reginald Panigrahi, Dipak TI Impedance-based retinal contact imaging as an aid for the placement of high resolution epiretinal prostheses SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eye and the Chip World Congress on Artificial Vision CY JUN 15-17, 2006 CL Detroit Inst Ophthalmol, Detroit, MI HO Detroit Inst Ophthalmol ID MEDICINE; SECTION; VISION AB An important factor in effective stimulation of the retina is close contact with the retina. The design of the electrode surface and the placement of the electrode against the retina both affect the degree of contact with the retina. We have addressed the design factor by creating a curved surface 3200-electrode array. The placement factor we have addressed by use of an impedance sensitive feedback from the array. The feedback is in the form of an image showing contact with the retina, where greater pixel intensity indicates greater impedance and thus closer contact with the retina. In this paper, we present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the relationship between impedance and the device output as well as an in vivo demonstration of contact imaging. In addition, we evaluated the three-dimensional profile of the stimulation voltage distribution to assess the importance of close retinal contact for high resolution stimulation. C1 SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Washington Natl Eye Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), SFA Inc, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ljohnson@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1741-2560 J9 J NEURAL ENG JI J. Neural Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 SI SI BP S17 EP S23 DI 10.1088/1741-2560/4/1/S03 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 155XT UT WOS:000245612700004 PM 17325412 ER PT J AU Chase, RB Apte, UM AF Chase, Richard B. Apte, Uday M. TI A history of research in service operations: What's the big idea? SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE service operations; history; big ideas; research opportunities ID EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; INSIGHTS; QUALITY; SURVIVE; MODEL AB The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of research in service operations. After discussing the role of services in national economies and the importance of research in service operations, we discuss major trends in service operations research. For simplicity of exposition, this discussion is organized in terms of big ideas that have proved to be influential in setting the research agenda in service operations. In the final section, we identify high-potential research areas where research needs are particularly urgent in the near future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Marshall Sch Business, IOM Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM richard.chase@marshall.usc.edu; umapte@nps.edu NR 68 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0272-6963 J9 J OPER MANAG JI J. Oper. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.jom.2006.11.002 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 154SJ UT WOS:000245527600013 ER PT J AU Karmarkar, US Apte, UM AF Karmarkar, Uday S. Apte, Uday M. TI Operations management in the information economy: Information products, processes, and chains SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE information economy; information products; information processes; information chains; information intensive services ID INTENSIVE SERVICES; TECHNOLOGY AB The process of economic evolution from agriculture to manufacturing to services is nearing its end in the U.S. and other developed economies. Another major evolution along a different dimension is now underway: it is from a material-based economy to art information-based economy. In the past, the product-service dichotomy has proved useful as an organizing principle for the study of operations management. Today, however, a material-information categorization of products and services appears to be equally important and useful. The information sector now comprises the major share of the U.S. private economy and includes many of the largest industrial sectors and firms. We discuss the implications of this evolution for research and teaching in operations management (OM). The basic questions addressed here are: In what ways are information products, services, processes and chains similar to, or different from, those in the material world? To what extent is it possible to manage operations in information industries using the existing operations management concepts and techniques? The conclusions are mixed. To a great extent, traditional concepts are indeed applicable and useful. However, there are significant differences. For example, quantification and measurement pose a fundamental problem in the study of information industries. As a result, there are difficulties in analyzing some of the most basic OM issues related to productivity, cost, value, and transformation. Nevertheless, the process-centric methods of operations management can be quite effective in analyzing firms and industries that produce information goods and services. An understanding of process economics and information chains is also central to the analysis of competition given the impact of new technologies on processes, firms, information chains and information industries. We conclude that while there is much in the information sector that can be addressed with our current toolkit, some very interesting and challenging issues still remain open for research. From the perspective of management education too, operations management in the information economy is an area of growing importance, with some easy wins and some significant challenges. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Grad Sch Management, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karmarkar, US (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Anderson Grad Sch Management, 110 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM uday.karmarkar@anderson.ucla.edu; umapte@nps.edu NR 51 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0272-6963 J9 J OPER MANAG JI J. Oper. Manag. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 438 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.jom.2006.11.001 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 154SJ UT WOS:000245527600017 ER PT J AU Kurland, JE Beck, SE Solomon, CJ Brann, OS Carethers, JM Huang, SC AF Kurland, Jayde E. Beck, Stayce E. Solomon, Carol J. Brann, Oscar S. Carethers, John M. Huang, Sherry C. TI Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in polyps from a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome with mutant BMPR1A SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hamartomatous polyposis; bone morphogenetic proteinreceptor type; cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; PEUTZ-JEGHERS-SYNDROME; COWDEN-DISEASE; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; SMAD PROTEINS; COLON-CANCER; GENE; SPECIFICITY AB Objectives: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is increased in colorectal cancers and has been reported to be upregulated in Peutz-Jeghers polyps. To determine whether germline and somatic loss of BMPR1A in polyps from a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome have altered COX-2 expression, we characterized a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome for BMPRIA germline mutations and examined the polyps for BMPRIA expression and COX-2 expression. Patients and Methods: DNA analysis for BMPR1A was performed on a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome. Multiple polypectomies were performed, and several polyps showed adenomatous change. Genomic DNA was extracted from polyp material for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses with microsatellite markers. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections using antibodies for BMPR1A and COX-2. Results: The kindred possessed a germline BMPR1A missense mutation. In polyp domains containing cystic and adenomatous epithelium, no LOH was observed using markers near the BMPR1A locus. Immunostaining indicated decreased expression of phospho-SMAD1 (pSMAD1), functionally downstream of the mutant BMPRIA receptor in the cystic epithelium, with further reduction in adenomatous portions within the polyp. COX-2 protein, normally not expressed in the colon, was present and increased in polyp epithelium. Conclusions: Decreased expression of pSMAD1 in the cystic epithelium with further reduction in the adenomatous area, and increase in COX-2 expression within polyps from the BMPR1A heterozygote, suggest a potential mechanism for adenomatous pathogenesis in these hamartomatous polyps. This may imply that COX-2 inhibitors could be a means for chemoprevention in this syndrome. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Canc, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Biomed Sci Program, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Sci Program, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Huang, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, 200 W Arbor Dr 8450, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM shuang@ucsd.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA090231-05, R01-CA90231, R01 CA090231]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K08-DK64560A, T32 DK007202, T32 DK007202-32] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31802e98e5 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 141BI UT WOS:000244550900005 PM 17325551 ER PT J AU Coffin, R Pohlman, J Gardner, J Downer, R Wood, W Hamdan, L Walker, S Plummer, R Gettrust, J Diaz, J AF Coffin, Richard Pohlman, John Gardner, Joan Downer, Ross Wood, Warren Hamdan, Leila Walker, Shelby Plummer, Rebecca Gettrust, Joseph Diaz, Juan TI Methane hydrate exploration on the mid Chilean coast: A geochemical and geophysical survey SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE methane hydrates; shallow piston porewater; seismic profiles; sulfate; methane ID ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GAS; RIDGE; ACCUMULATIONS; WATER AB Methane hydrate exploration was conducted off the Mid-Chilean margin, coast of Chile, west of Concepcion, during October 2004. The goal of the expedition was to survey regions of possible hydrate accumulations by integrating data from seismic surveys, geochernical analysis of porewater samples from piston cores, and heatflow probing. Piston cores were collected at 13 sites along a NE-SW transect, which ran between 36'10.38S, 73'35.72W and 36'12.50S, 73'3976W This sample pattern was based on a previous deep towed acoustics geophysics system (DTAGS) seismic survey. A correlation was evident between the seismic, geochemical and heatflow data, however, some non-related data patterns indicate the necessity for combination of the survey 2 parameters. Baseline heatflow values were approximately 40 mW m(-2), while values more than three times background were observed over an apparent gas wipeout zone in the DTAGS line. Sulfate and methane profiles from core porewaters were analyzed to identify the depth where sulfate and methane approached minimum concentrations. This depth, known as the sulfate-methane interface (SMI), is used to estimate the gas flux from deeper sediment methane. Along the DTAGS seismic line the SMI ranged from 33.3 to 555 cm below seafloor (cmbsf) and the vertical sulfate diffusion was from - 19.1 to -362.0 mmol m(-2) yr(-1). In the study region, measurement of the shallow SMI and vertical sulfate diffusion, coupled with the seismic survey and heatflow provides a more thorough indication of the presence of deep sediment methane gas pockets. This survey provides data to assist in the selection of deep drilling locations for hydrate exploration. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Milbar Hydro Test Inc, Shreveport, LA USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile. SAIC, NRL, Washington, DC USA. RP Coffin, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM rick.coffin@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1-3 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2006.01.013 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 164MX UT WOS:000246239300004 ER PT J AU Ames, GH Maguire, JM AF Ames, Gregory H. Maguire, Jason M. TI Miniaturized mandrel-based fiber optic hydrophone SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE AB Fiber optic hydrophones typically use a long sensor fiber wrapped around an air-filled mandrel to achieve high respon'sivity. Minimum mandrel diameter is determined by fiber reliability, considerations. A miniature hydrophone, with diameter of about a third that of previous hydrophones, is reported. Such a hydrophone has applications for very thin towed arrays. Small diameter fiber with high strength Bragg gratings written through the coating are key enablers. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ames, GH (reprint author), USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1392 EP 1395 DI 10.1121/1.2431340 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 147VT UT WOS:000245031600014 PM 17407875 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Houser, DS AF Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. TI Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) steady-state evoked responses to multiple simultaneous sinusoidal amplitude modulated tones SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; AUDITORY-SYSTEM; LATERAL SUPPRESSION; TEMPORARY SHIFT; POTENTIALS; EXPOSURE; SOUNDS; AUDIOGRAMS AB Auditory steady-state evoked potentials were measured in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in response to single and multiple sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) tones. Tests were conducted in air using a "jawphone" sound projector. Evoked potentials were recorded noninvasively using surface electrodes embedded in suction cups. Sound stimuli consisted of SAM tones with 1, 2, 3, or 4 carrier frequencies (10, 20, 30, 40 kHz), each with a unique modulation frequency. Stimulus sound pressure levels were varied in 5-dB steps from approximately 120 to 60-75 dB re 1 mu Pa, depending on frequency. Evoked potentials followed the temporal envelope of each stimulus, resulting in spectral components at each unique modulation frequency. Spectral analysis was used to evaluate the response amplitude for each carrier as a function of stimulus level. There were no significant differences between thresholds obtained with single and multiple stimuli at 10, 30, and 40 kHz. At 20 kHz, thresholds obtained with three components were higher than those obtained with four components, possibly revealing interactions between stimuli with less than one octave frequency separation. The use of multiple SAM stimuli may offer substantial advantages for studies of marine mammal hearing, where testing time and access to subjects are typically limited. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Biomimetica, Santee, CA 92071 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Sode 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1775 EP 1782 DI 10.1121/1.2431330 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 147VT UT WOS:000245031600053 PM 17407914 ER PT J AU Stutler, SA Johnson, EW Still, KR Schaeffer, DJ Hess, RA Arfsten, DP AF Stutler, Shannon A. Johnson, Eric W. Still, Kenneth R. Schaeffer, David J. Hess, Rex A. Arfsten, Darryl P. TI Effect of method of euthanasia on sperm motility of mature sprague-dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPIDIDYMAL SPERM; INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; STRESS; SYSTEM; SEMEN; SPERMATOGENESIS; HALOTHANE; CHEMICALS AB Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in laboratory animal settings. The method of euthanasia may affect experimental results in studies using animals and must be compatible with research objectives including subsequent tissue analyses. Our present study was performed to evaluate the effects of 7 euthanasia methods on sperm motility in mature rats. Rats were euthanized using CO2, 2 commercially available euthanasia solutions (Beuthanasia-D and Sleepaway), and 4 volatile anesthetics (enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane). Rats euthanized by rapid decapitation alone served as negative controls, and a-chlorohydrin-treated rats euthanized by rapid decapitation were positive controls for sperm impairment. For 5 of these methods, we also measured time to ataxia, recumbency, respiratory arrest, and no auscultable heartbeat. Immediately after euthanasia of each rat, distal caudal epididymides were removed; 1 was processed for automated sperm motility analysis, and the other was frozen for subsequent concentration analysis. Time to all measured parameters was less for volatile anesthetics than for Beuthanasia-D. Times to last respiration and no heartbeat were less for halothane and isoflurane than for enflurane and sevoflurane. Percentage motile sperm did not differ significantly between methods. Percentage progressively motile sperm did not vary significantly between methods except for Beuthanasia-D, for which it was significantly less than the negative control value. Specific sperm motion parameters for each euthanasia method except CO, and Sleepaway varied significantly from the negative control. Our results indicate that the method of euthanasia is an important consideration when rat sperm motility parameters must be evaluated. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Vivarium Support Funct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Darryl.Arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 67 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 151XU UT WOS:000245325200002 PM 17343347 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Kline, DL Allan, SA Grant, A AF Hoel, D. F. Kline, D. L. Allan, S. A. Grant, A. TI Evaluation of carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and lactic acid as baits in Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro traps for Aedes albopictus in North Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; attractants; Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro trap; carbon dioxide; octenol; lactic acid ID MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE; HARRIS COUNTY; ATTRACTANTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; AEGYPTI; VIRUS; DISCOVERY; BUTANONE; ACETONE AB The impact of the attractants 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) and L-lactic acid (Lurex (TM)) on collection of Aedes albopictus in Suburban backyards was assessed in Mosquito Magnet (TM) Pro traps. These carbon dioxide-producing traps were additionally baited with commercial formulated lures with octenol, lactic acid, octenol + lactic acid, or no attractant (control) and evaluated in 4 residential sites. Three repetitions of the study resulted in the total collection of 1,321 Ae. albopictus. Significantly more Ae. albopictus were captured in traps baited with octenol + lactic acid than in traps baited only with octenol. Lactic acid-baited and control trap captures were not significantly different from octenol + lactic acid- or octenol-baited trap totals. Octenol- + lactic acid-baited traps collected 36.2% and 52.0% more Ae. albopictus than lactic acid-baited and control traps, respectively. Male Ae. albopictus accounted for 26.7% of the total capture. Other mosquito species collected in sufficient numbers for analysis included Cx. nigripalpus, Ochlerotatus infirmatus, Psorophora ferox, and Cx. erraticus. Larger numbers of these species were collected in traps that were unbaited or baited with only octenol than in traps baited with lactic acid or octenol + lactic acid. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Amer Biophys Corp, N Kingstown, RI 02852 USA. RP Hoel, DF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[11:EOCDOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 159LF UT WOS:000245866500002 PM 17536362 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, Y. L. Chen, L. G. Sun, F. R. Wu, C. TI Performance of endoreversible Atkinson cycle SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; Atkinson cycles; heat resistance; performance optimisation ID HEAT-ENGINE CYCLES; EFFICIENCY; POWER; OTTO AB The performance of an air standard Atkinson cycle with heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid is analysed by using finite time thermodynamics. The relationships between the work output and the compression ratio and between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relationship between the work output and the efficiency of the cycle, are derived from detailed numerical examples. Moreover, the effects of heat transfer loss and variable specific heats of working fluid on the cycle performance are analysed. The results show that these effects are obvious and they should be considered in practice cycle analysis. The results obtained in the present paper may provide guidance for the design of practical internal combustion engines. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1179/174602207X174540 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 159FN UT WOS:000245850900008 ER PT J AU Plante, MK Marks, LS Anderson, R Amling, C Rukstalis, D Badlani, G Getlin, L Vang, E AF Plante, M. K. Marks, L. S. Anderson, R. Amling, C. Rukstalis, D. Badlani, G. Getlin, L. Vang, E. TI Phase I/II examination of transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE transurethral resection of prostate; prostatic hyperplasia; ethanol; injections ID INJECTION THERAPY; RESECTION; COMPLICATIONS; MULTICENTER; TEAP AB Purpose: We assessed the safety of transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate as a treatment for men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia and determined the efficacy of this procedure. Materials and Methods: We performed a multicenter randomized trial on 79 men, 50 to 79 years old, who had drug refractory voiding symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score greater than 12) and prostate volumes of 30 to 80 cc. Ethanol was injected transurethrally into the prostate with a curved cystoscopic needle in men randomly assigned to 1 of 3 doses: 15%, 25% or 40% of prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound. Followup evaluations were performed 1, 3 and 6 months later. Postoperative cystoscopy was performed on all patients to evaluate ablation extent and extraprostatic effects. Transrectal ultrasound volume determinations were obtained before and 6 months after transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate. Results: Adverse events were generally mild or moderate, and included hematuria (42.9%), irritative voiding symptoms (40.3%), pain/discomfort (25.6%) and urinary retention (22.1%). No serious adverse events were reported. Statistically significant improvements were seen in International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum flow rate and prostate volume reduction (p < 0.05). Improvements were consistently observed across the 3 groups without an apparent dose effect. Conclusions: In this randomized clinical trial transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate was safe and effective at 6-month followup. No serious adverse events were encountered. Although ethanol can safely ablate prostatic tissue, further studies will be necessary before widespread clinical application. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Urol Sci Res Fdn, Culver City, CA USA. Stanford Hlth Sci, Stanford, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Hahnemann Univ Med SCh, Philadelphia, PA USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. Amer Med Syst Inc, Minnetonka, MN USA. RP Plante, MK (reprint author), D319A 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM plante@uvm.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1030 EP 1035 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.024 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 136GW UT WOS:000244211600057 PM 17296405 ER PT J AU Dillner, DK Traficante, DD AF Dillner, Debra K. Traficante, Daniel D. TI Complete H-1 and C-13 NMR assignments of the epimeric menthane-1-carboxylic acids SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1D NMR; 2D NMR; menthane-1-carboxylic acid ID CHIRAL AUXILIARY AB Complete NMR analyses with full assignments for H-1 and C-13 NMR spectral data for both epimers of menthane-1-carboxylic acid are described. The NMR properties of the recently synthesized axial isomer had not been previously described, and through use of a variety of 1D and 2D techniques, additional information is provided for the equatorial isomer. As well as assignments of chemical shifts, homonuclear coupling constants were determined for the equatorial isomer and most of coupling constants were measured for the axial isomer. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Dept Chem, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Dillner, DK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ddillner@usna.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1002/rnrc.1943 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 148AX UT WOS:000245048000001 PM 17221905 ER PT J AU Blain, CA Preller, RH AF Blain, Cheryl Ann Preller, Ruth H. TI High resolution modeling of coastal inundation: User requirements and current practice, a navy perspective SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE STORM-SURGE AB The impact of coastal flooding and inundation on Navy operational missions and the,, existing Navy requirements for, resolution and accuracy relevant-to coastal inundation are 1 presented. High resolution (less than 500 m) coastal models exercised operationally at the Naval Oceanographic Office are reviewed, summarizing the advantages, disadvantages I and typical. spatial resolutions of each. The, present state of Navy coastal inundation modeling from a research and,development perspective is presented along with highlights of planned advance sin the near-future, Lastly, the gaps between users, products, data and research and development are illuminated. Fine-scale bathymetry and topography as well as in situ currents for validation are required for accurate, high resolution inundation modeling. Gaps between the needs of Navy users and the type and form of operationally available inundation products are identified and discussed. The need for usability, relocateability, and expediency in the operational setting contribute in large part to the delay in transitioning model capabilities from research and development to,operations. C1 USN, Oceanog Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Div, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cheryl.ann.blain@nrlssc.navy.mil; Ruth.Preller@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 174DM UT WOS:000246921400010 ER PT J AU Florea, C Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Nguyen, VQ Aggarwal, ID AF Florea, C. Sanghera, J. S. Shaw, L. B. Nguyen, V. Q. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Surface relief gratings in AsSe glass fabricated under 800-nm laser exposure SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AsSe; gratings; ablation; laser; waveguides ID RIB WAVE-GUIDES; AS2S3 GLASS; HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS; BRAGG GRATINGS; OPTICAL-FIBER; CHALCOGENIDE; PHOTOEXPANSION; ABSORPTION; FILM AB Chalcogenide glasses are materials of interest for optical devices in the IR region. Of the As-based glasses, the AsxS1-x has received most of the attention, with a variety of processes and devices being studied and demonstrated. In the present work we explored the use of readily available 800-nm laser sources for fabricating surface gratings in AsxSe1-x, glass. We demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, surface relief gratings written using continuous-wave 800-nm laser light in AsSe. Such structures can be enhanced to enable short-period reflectors, in AsSe-based waveguide and fiber devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Florea, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Def Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM catalin.florea@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1273 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.10.066 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 138WH UT WOS:000244393500001 ER PT J AU Gutteridge, CE Vo, JV Tillett, CB Vigilante, JA Dettmer, JR Patterson, SL Werbovetz, KA Capers, J Nichols, DA Bhattacharjee, AK Gerena, L AF Gutteridge, C. E. Vo, J. V. Tillett, C. B. Vigilante, J. A. Dettmer, J. R. Patterson, S. L. Werbovetz, K. A. Capers, J. Nichols, D. A. Bhattacharjee, A. K. Gerena, L. TI Antileishmanial and antimalarial chalcones: Synthesis, efficacy and cytotoxicity of pyridinyl and naphthalenyl analogs SO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE leishmaniasis; malaria; chalcone; propenone; structure activity relationship; cytotoxicity ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IN-VITRO; LICOCHALCONE-A; MALARIA; LEISHMANIASIS; DERIVATIVES; INFECTION; AGENT; VIVO AB The antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of methoxy-substituted clialeones (13-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones)is well established. The few, analogs prepared to date where the 3-phenyl P,roup is replaced by either a pyridine or naphthalene suggest these modifications are potency enhancing. To explore this hypothesis, sixteen 3-naphthalenyl-1-phenyl-2-prop-1-enones and ten 1-phenyl-3-pyridinyl-2-prop-1-enones were synthesized and their in vitro efficacies against Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum? determined. One inhibitor with submicromolar efficacy against L. donovani was identified (IC50 = 0.95 mu M), along with three other potent compounds (IC50 < 5 mu M). all of which were 3-pyridin-2-yl derivatives. No inhibitors with submicromolar efflicacy against P. falciparum were identified, thou h several potent Compounds were found (IC50 < 5 mu M). The cytotoxicity of the live most active L. donovani inhibitors was assessed. At best the IC50 against a primary kidney cell line was around two-fold higher than against L. donovani. Being more active than pentamidine, the 1-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-1-2-propen-1-ones have potential for further development against leishmaniasis: however it will be essential in such a program to address not only efficacy but also their potential tor toxicity. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gutteridge, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,Mail Stop 9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gutterid@usna.edu RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4064 J9 MED CHEM JI Med. Chem. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.2174/157340607780059530 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 209YZ UT WOS:000249425200001 PM 17348849 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, Glenn E. TI The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, violence, and coexistence SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SPR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 151UM UT WOS:000245316300019 ER PT J AU Spence, DL AF Spence, Dennis L. TI Ensuring respect for persons when recruiting junior enlisted personnel for research SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONSENT; ETHICS AB Junior enlisted personnel in the Navy at training commands or recruit depots who are recruited for research can be considered a "captive audience" and therefore require special precautions to ensure that the ethical principle of respect for persons is maintained. Unfortunately, this can be difficult because of the hierarchical structure of the military and closed communities of junior enlisted personnel at training commands and recruit depots. This article provides a theoretical discussion of the ethical issue of autonomy and the essential elements of informed consent that Navy researchers need to address when recruiting subjects from this population. Two relevant policy statements to Navy researchers, Department of Defense Directive 3216.2 and Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Instruction 3900.6B, which provide guidance for protection of human subjects, are reviewed and critiqued, and a suggested plan to ensure the ethical principle of respect for persons is presented. C1 USN, Med Manpower Personnel Training & Educ Command, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Spence, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Manpower Personnel Training & Educ Command, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Spence, Dennis/C-5031-2017 OI Spence, Dennis/0000-0003-2852-7050 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000006 PM 17436767 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Stander, Valerie A. Merrill, Lex L. Thomsen, Cynthia J. Crouch, Julie L. Milner, Joel S. TI Premilitary sexual assault and attrition in the US Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; VICTIMIZATION; RECRUITS; VIOLENCE; HEALTH; RAPE; AGGRESSION; DEPRESSION; SAMPLE; IMPACT AB A prospective study examined whether adult premilitary sexual victimization predicted women's military attrition. In a survey of female Navy recruits (N = 2,431), 56% reported some form of adult unwanted sexual contact before entering the military, with 25% reporting completed rape. Approximately one-third of respondents left the Navy before completing their 4-year term of service. When rape, attempted rape, and lower-level unwanted sexual contact were considered simultaneously, only rape predicted attrition. Women who reported premilitary rape, compared with those who did not, were 1.69 times more likely to leave the military. The pattern of results held across the 4-year period examined and after controlling for demographic predictors. C1 USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000007 PM 17436768 ER PT J AU Dove, MB Joseph, HJ AF Dove, Mary Baker Joseph, Hyacinth J. TI Sociodemographic profile of women entering a military substance use disorder treatment center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Pacific Nursing Research Conference CY MAR, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI ID SCREENING-TEST; ALCOHOLISM; ABUSE; DRUG AB This retrospective study reviewed medical records to determine sociodemographic characteristics of women in a substance use treatment center at a Pacific Regional Medical Command facility. Data were collected from records between September 1, 1999, and August 31, 2002. Three questions were investigated, as follows. (1) What are the sociodemographic characteristics of women entering substance abuse treatment? (2) Are there coexisting conditions (psychiatric history and/or family history of abuse or psychiatric conditions) that accompany the substance abuse problem? (3) What are the referral sources for patients entering treatment? Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The sample was primarily Caucasian, between 18 and 25 years of age. The most frequently occurring conditions were depression and anxiety. The smallest number of referrals was from primary care managers. The findings support the need for thorough screening and assessment for substance use in women and assessment of primary care managers' compliance, knowledge, and skills in evaluating substance use in women. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Dove, MB (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000012 PM 17436773 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Anderson, GP Delehanty, JB Baumann, R Hayhurst, A Goldman, ER AF Liu, Jinny L. Anderson, George P. Delehanty, James B. Baumann, Richard Hayhurst, Andrew Goldman, Ellen R. TI Selection of cholera toxin specific IgNAR single-domain antibodies from a naive shark library SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE single domain antibody; cholera toxin; IgNAR; spiny dogfish shark; naive display library; panning ID ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; VARIABLE DOMAIN; AFFINITY MATURATION; PHAGE DISPLAY; NURSE SHARK; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIGHT-CHAINS; FRAGMENTS; GENE AB Shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR, also referred to as NAR) variable domains (Vs) are single-domain antibody (sdAb) fragments containing only two hypervariable loop structures forming 3D topologies for a wide range of antigen recognition and binding. Their small size (similar to 12 kDa) and high solubility, thermostability and binding specificity make IgNARs an exceptional alternative source of engineered antibodies for sensor applications. Here, two new shark NAR V display libraries containing > 10(7) unique clones from non-immunized (naive) adult spiny do.-fish (Squalus acanthias) and smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) sharks were constructed. The most conserved consensus sequences derived from random clone sequence were compared with published nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) sequences. Cholera toxin (CT) was chosen for panning one of the naYve display libraries due to its severe pathogenicity and commercial availability. Three very similar CT binders were selected and purified soluble monomeric anti-CT sdAbs were characterized using Luminex(100) and traditional ELISA assays. These novel anti-CT sdAbs selected from our newly constructed shark NAR V sdAb library specifically bound to soluble antigen, without cross reacting with other irrelevant antigens. They also showed superior heat stability, exhibiting slow loss of activity over the course of one hour at high temperature (95 degrees C), while conventional antibodies lost all activity in the first 5-10 min. The successful isolation of target specific sdAbs from one of our non-biased NAR libraries, demonstrate their ability to provide binders against an unacquainted antigen of interest. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; erg@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Hayhurst, Andrew/0000-0003-4612-8707 FU NCI NIH HHS [CO6 RR12087] NR 35 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1783 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.299 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 129WB UT WOS:000243759700034 PM 17007931 ER PT J AU Dobano, C McTague, A Sette, A Hoffman, SL Rogers, WO Doolan, DL AF Dobano, C. McTague, A. Sette, A. Hoffman, S. L. Rogers, W. O. Doolan, D. L. TI Mutating the anchor residues associated with MHC binding inhibits and deviates CD8+T cell mediated protective immunity against malaria SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; circumsporozoite protein; protective immunity; MHC binding; T cells; immune deviation ID YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; T-CELL; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNIZATION; PEPTIDE; MICE; RESTRICTION AB We investigated whether immune responses induced by immunization with plasmid DNA are restricted predominantly to immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes, or are raised against a breadth of epitopes including subdominant CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change one or more primary anchor residues of the immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope on the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein, and in vivo protective efficacy and immune responses against defined PyCSP CD8+ and/or CD4+ epitopes were determined. Mutation of the P2 but not P9 or P 10 anchor residues decreased protection and completely abrogated the antigen-specific CD8+ CTL activity and CD8+ dependent IFN-gamma responses to the immunodominant CD8+ epitope and overlapping CD8+/CD4+ epitope. Moreover, mutation deviated the immune response towards a CD4+ T cell IFN-gamma dependent profile, with enhanced lymphoproliferative responses to the immunodominant and subdominant CD4+ epitopes and enhanced antibody responses. Responses to the subdominant CD8+ epitope were not induced. Our data demonstrate that protective immunity induced by PyCSP DNA vaccination is directed predominantly against the single immunodominant CD8+ epitope, and that although responses can be induced against other epitopes, these are mediated by CD4+ T cells and are not capable of conferring optimal protection against challenge. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Epimmune Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Dobano, C (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Ctr Salut Int, Hosp Clin, IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. EM cdobano@clinic.ub.es; dooland@nmrc.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Dobano Lazaro, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2235 EP 2248 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.11.003 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 143YA UT WOS:000244761100010 PM 17169429 ER PT J AU Poole, ST McVeigh, AL Anantha, RP Lee, LH Akay, YM Pontzer, EA Scott, DA Bullitt, E Savarino, SJ AF Poole, Steven T. McVeigh, Annette L. Anantha, Ravi P. Lee, Lanfong H. Akay, Yasemin M. Pontzer, Emily A. Scott, Daniel A. Bullitt, Esther Savarino, Stephen J. TI Donor strand complementation governs intersubunit interaction of fimbriae of the alternate chaperone pathway SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FACTOR-ANTIGEN-I; DRIVES FIBER FORMATION; COLONIZATION-FACTOR; CS1 PILI; P-PILI; BIOGENESIS; PROTEINS; SUBUNIT; ADHESIN AB Fimbrial filaments assembled by distinct chaperone pathways share a common mechanism of intersubunit interaction, as elucidated for colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), archetype of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Class 5 fimbriae. We postulated that a highly conserved beta-strand at the major subunit N-terminus represents the donor strand, analogous to interactions within Class I pili. We show here that CFA/I fimbriae utilize donor strand complementation to promote proper folding of and interactions between CFA/I subunits. We constructed a series of genetic variants of CfaE, the CFA/I adhesin, incorporating a C-terminal extension comprising a flexible linker and 10-19 of the N-terminal residues of CfaB, the major subunit. Variants with a donor strand complement (dsc) of >= 12 residues were recoverable from periplasmic fractions. Genetic disruption of the donor beta-strand reduced CfaE recovery. A hexahistidine-tagged variant of dsc(19)CfaE formed soluble monomers, folded into beta-sheet conformation, displayed adhesion characteristic of CFA/I, and elicited antibodies that inhibited mannose-resistant haemagglutination by ETEC expressing CFA/I, CS4 and CS14 fimbriae. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that CfaE was confined to the distal fimbrial tip. Our findings provide the basis to elucidate structure and function of this class of fimbrial adhesins and assess the feasibility of an adhesin-based vaccine. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grand Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32-HL07291]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM055722] NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1372 EP 1384 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05612.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 136SY UT WOS:000244245600010 PM 17302815 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL AF Ritchie, Elizabeth A. Elsberry, Russell L. TI Simulations of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Phasing between the upper-level trough and tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TRANSFORMATION STAGE; VERTICAL MOTION; PART I; MODEL; MIDLATITUDE; REINTENSIFICATION; CLIMATOLOGY; MESOSCALE AB Whether the tropical cyclone remnants will become a significant extratropical cyclone during the reintensification stage of extratropical transition is a complex problem because of the uncertainty in the tropical cyclone, the midlatitude circulation, the subtropical anticyclone, and the nonlinear interactions among these systems. In a previous study, the authors simulated the impact of the strength of the midlatitude circulation trough without changing its phasing with the tropical cyclone. In this study, the impact of phasing is simulated by fixing the initial position and amplitude of the midlatitude trough and varying the initial position of the tropical cyclone. The peak intensity of the extratropical cyclone following the extratropical transition is strongly dependent on the phasing, which leads to different degrees of interaction with the midlatitude baroclinic zone. Many aspects of the simulated circulation, temperature, and precipitation fields appear quite realistic for the reintensifying and dissipating cases. Threshold values of various parameters in quadrants near and far from the tropical cyclone are extracted that discriminate well between reintensifiers and dissipators. The selection and distribution of threshold parameters are consistent with the Petterssen type-B conceptual model for extratropical cyclone development. Thus, these simulations suggest that phasing between the tropical cyclone and the midlatitude trough is a critical factor in predicting the reintensification stage of extratropical transition. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ECE Bldg,Room 125, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ritchie@ece.unm.edu RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 862 EP 876 DI 10.1175/MWR3303.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150KB UT WOS:000245214600009 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Hamill, TA Whitaker, JS Bishop, CH AF Wang, Xuguang Hamill, Thomas A. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Bishop, Craig H. TI A comparison of hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter-optimum interpolation and ensemble square root filter analysis schemes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; ERROR COVARIANCE; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SINGULAR-VECTOR; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; MODEL-ERROR; PART II; IMPLEMENTATION AB A hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF)-optimum interpolation (OI) analysis scheme is described and compared with an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) analysis scheme. A two-layer primitive equation model was used under perfect-model assumptions. A simplified observation network was used, and the OI method utilized a static background error covariance constructed from a large inventory of historical forecast errors. The hybrid scheme updated the ensemble mean using a hybridized ensemble and static background-error covariance. The ensemble perturbations in the hybrid scheme were updated by the ETKF scheme. The EnSRF ran parallel data assimilation cycles for each member and serially assimilated the observations. The EnSRF background-error covariance was estimated fully from the ensemble. For 50-member ensembles, the analyses from the hybrid scheme were as accurate or nearly as accurate as those from the EnSRF, depending on the norm. For 20-member ensembles, the analyses from the hybrid scheme were more accurate than analyses from the EnSRF under certain norms. Both hybrid and EnSRF analyses were more accurate than the analyses from the OI. Further reducing the ensemble size to five members, the EnSRF exhibited filter divergence, whereas the analyses from the hybrid scheme were still better than those updated by the OI. Additionally, the hybrid scheme was less prone to spurious gravity wave activity than the EnSRF, especially when the ensemble size was small. Maximal growth in the ETKF ensemble perturbation space exceeded that in the EnSRF ensemble perturbation space. The relationship of the ETKF ensemble variance to the analysis error variance, a measure of a spread-skill relationship, was similar to that of the EnSRF ensemble. The hybrid scheme can be implemented in a reasonably straightforward manner in the operational variational frameworks, and the computational cost of the hybrid is expected to be much less than the EnSRF in the operational settings. C1 NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Boradway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 NR 60 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1076 DI 10.1175/MWR3307.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150KB UT WOS:000245214600020 ER PT J AU White, CT Li, JW Gunlycke, D Mintmire, JW AF White, Carter T. Li, Junwen Gunlycke, Daniel Mintmire, John W. TI Hidden one-electron interactions in carbon nanotubes revealed in graphene nanostrips SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; TUBULES; GRAPHITE; DIAMETER; SHAPE; EDGE; SIZE AB Many single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) properties near the Fermi level were successfully predicted using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model characterized by a single parameter, V-1. We show however that this model fails for armchair-edge graphene nanostrips due to interactions directly across hexagons. These same interactions are found largely hidden in the description of SWNTs, where they renormalize V-1 leaving previous nearest-neighbor model SWNT results largely intact while resolving a long-standing puzzle regarding the magnitude of V-1. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP White, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carter.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Li, Junwen/H-6061-2011; Li, Junwen/C-9032-2015; OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 33 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1021/nl0627745 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 145LU UT WOS:000244867400051 PM 17295547 ER PT J AU Long, JP Simpkins, BS Rowenhorst, DJ Pehrsson, PE AF Long, J. P. Simpkins, B. S. Rowenhorst, D. J. Pehrsson, P. E. TI Far-field imaging of optical second-harmonic generation in single GaN nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE; FILMS; MICROSCOPY AB Means for assessing the nonlinear optical properties of nanoscale materials are of key importance for the advancement of active nanophotonics. By correlating second-harmonic generation (SHG) with electron backscattered diffraction from single GaN nanowires (NWs), we demonstrate that far-field microscopic imaging of SHG offers an approach for distinguishing crystallographic orientations of NWs lying on a substrate. The quasi-static approximation, which should prove useful in describing many nanophotonic behaviors, is shown to satisfactorily account for the SHG data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 831 EP 836 DI 10.1021/nl0624420 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 145LU UT WOS:000244867400052 PM 17326689 ER PT J AU Thomas, RK Baker, AC DeBiasi, RM Winckler, W LaFramboise, T Lin, WM Wang, M Feng, W Zander, T MacConnaill, LE Lee, JC Nicoletti, R Hatton, C Goyette, M Girard, L Majmudar, K Ziaugra, L Wong, KK Gabriel, S Beroukhim, R Peyton, M Barretina, J Dutt, A Emery, C Greulich, H Shah, K Sasaki, H Gazdar, A Minna, J Armstrong, SA Mellinghoff, IK Hodi, FS Dranoff, G Mischel, PS Cloughesy, TF Nelson, SF Liau, LM Mertz, K Rubin, MA Moch, H Loda, M Catalona, W Fletcher, J Signoretti, S Kaye, F Anderson, KC Demetri, GD Dummer, R Wagner, S Herlyn, M Sellers, WR Meyerson, M Garraway, LA AF Thomas, Roman K. Baker, Alissa C. DeBiasi, Ralph M. Winckler, Wendy LaFramboise, Thomas Lin, William M. Wang, Meng Feng, Whei Zander, Thomas MacConnaill, Laura E. Lee, Jeffrey C. Nicoletti, Rick Hatton, Charlie Goyette, Mary Girard, Luc Majmudar, Kuntal Ziaugra, Liuda Wong, Kwok-Kin Gabriel, Stacey Beroukhim, Rameen Peyton, Michael Barretina, Jordi Dutt, Amit Emery, Caroline Greulich, Heidi Shah, Kinjal Sasaki, Hidefumi Gazdar, Adi Minna, John Armstrong, Scott A. Mellinghoff, Ingo K. Hodi, F. Stephen Dranoff, Glenn Mischel, Paul S. Cloughesy, Tim F. Nelson, Stan F. Liau, Linda M. Mertz, Kirsten Rubin, Mark A. Moch, Holger Loda, Massimo Catalona, William Fletcher, Jonathan Signoretti, Sabina Kaye, Frederic Anderson, Kenneth C. Demetri, George D. Dummer, Reinhard Wagner, Stephan Herlyn, Meenhard Sellers, William R. Meyerson, Matthew Garraway, Levi A. TI High-throughput oncogene mutation profiling in human cancer SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS; TYROSINE KINASE JAK2; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; ACTIVATING MUTATIONS; LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA; POLYCYTHEMIA-VERA; GENE; SENSITIVITY; GEFITINIB AB Systematic efforts are underway to decipher the genetic changes associated with tumor initiation and progression(1,2). However, widespread clinical application of this information is hampered by an inability to identify critical genetic events across the spectrum of human tumors with adequate sensitivity and scalability. Here, we have adapted high-throughput genotyping to query 238 known oncogene mutations across 1,000 human tumor samples. This approach established robust mutation distributions spanning 17 cancer types. Of 17 oncogenes analyzed, we found 14 to be mutated at least once, and 298 (30%) samples carried at least one mutation. Moreover, we identified previously unrecognized oncogene mutations in several tumor types and observed an unexpectedly high number of co-occurring mutations. These results offer a new dimension in tumor genetics, where mutations involving multiple cancer genes may be interrogated simultaneously and in 'real time' to guide cancer classification and rational therapeutic intervention. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Hamon Ctr Therapeut Oncol Res, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg 2, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol & Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Surg Pathol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NCI, Genet Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ludwig Ctr Canc Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Dermatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Med Univ Vienna, Austrian Acad Sci, Dept Dermatol, Div Immunol Allergy & Infect Dis, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Austrian Acad Sci, Ctr Mol Med, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Genome Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Melanoma Program Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Max Planck Soc, Max Planck Inst Neurol Res, Klaus Joachim Zulch Labs, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. Univ Cologne, Fac Med, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. Univ Cologne, Ctr Integrated Oncol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. Univ Cologne, Dept Internal Med 1, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Garraway, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu RI Peyton, Michael/A-8728-2008; Nelson, Stanley/D-4771-2009; kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011; Meyerson, Matthew/E-7123-2012; Dutt, Amit/I-1911-2013; OI Dutt, Amit/0000-0002-1119-4774; Wagner, Stephan/0000-0003-4941-7029; Rubin, Mark/0000-0002-8321-9950; wong, kwok kin/0000-0001-6323-235X FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA070907, P50CA70907] NR 27 TC 615 Z9 632 U1 6 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1038/ng1975 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 140CK UT WOS:000244480000016 PM 17293865 ER PT J AU Avino, S Calloni, E Tierno, A Di Fiore, L De Rosa, R Milano, L Restaino, SR AF Avino, S. Calloni, E. Tierno, A. Di Fiore, L. De Rosa, R. Milano, L. Restaino, S. R. TI Adaptive Optics for the control of laser beam in gravitational wave interferometers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 21-27, 2006 CL La Biodola, ITALY DE adaptive optics; gravitational wave detectors ID FLUCTUATIONS AB In this paper we present the experimental results of the application of Adaptive Optics (AO) technique to control the laser beam in gravitational wave interferometer. In particular, we focus our attention on two specific applications. The first one is the reduction of laser geometrical aberrations by using an AO system based on interferometric wavefront detection. The second application is the use of deformable mirrors for the generation of the non-Gaussian flat laser beams proposed for the reduction of thermoelastic noise in future detectors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. AFRL, DEBS, USN, Res Lab,Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Calloni, E (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte Sant Angelo,Via Cinthia, Naples, Italy. EM enrico.calloni@na.infn.it OI Avino, Saverio/0000-0001-6623-9784; calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297; Milano, Leopoldo/0000-0001-9487-5876 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 572 IS 1 BP 518 EP 520 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.304 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 149EI UT WOS:000245129400173 ER PT J AU Tseng, CL Lin, KY AF Tseng, Chung-Li Lin, Kyle Y. TI A framework using two-factor price lattices for generation asset valuation SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OPTION AB In this paper, we use a real-options framework to value a power plant. The real option to commit or decommit a generating unit may be exercised on an hourly basis to maximize expected profit while subject to intertemporal operational constraints. The option-exercising process is modeled as a multistage stochastic problem. We develop a framework for generating discretetime price lattices for two correlated Ito processes for electricity and fuel prices. We show that the proposed framework exceeds existing approaches in both lattice feasibility and computational efficiency. We prove that this framework guarantees existence of branching probabilities at all nodes and all stages of the lattice if the correlation between the two Ito processes is no greater than 4/root 35 approximate to 0.676. With price evolution represented by a lattice, the valuation problem is solved using stochastic dynamic programming. We show how the obtained power plant value converges to the true expected value by refining the price lattice. Sensitivity analysis for the power plant value to changes of price parameters is also presented. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tseng, CL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM chungli@umr.edu; kylin@nps.edu OI Lin, Kyle/0000-0002-3769-1891 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 234 EP 251 DI 10.1287/opre.1060.0355 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 199AH UT WOS:000248668100006 ER PT J AU Driggers, RG Taylor, JS Krapels, K AF Driggers, Ronald G. Taylor, James S., Jr. Krapels, Keith TI Probability of identification cycle criterion (N-50/N-90) for underwater mine target acquisition SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optical imaging; imaging; performance; mines AB This research describes the derivation of a 50% probability of identification cycle criterion (N-50) for a set of underwater mines. Various levels of blur were applied to eight underwater mines and four nonmine objects with nine aspects in the visible spectra. Results were analyzed as a function of blur level and target size to give identification probability as a function of resolvable cycles on target. The results are applicable to underwater mine target acquisition estimates for visible electro-optical imaging systems and for laser-illuminated, range-gated imaging systems. This research provides for the design and analysis of electrooptical systems in the identification of underwater mines. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Night Vis & electron Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Naval Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & electron Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM Ron.driggers@nvl.army.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 AR 033201 DI 10.1117/1.2715458 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 166BG UT WOS:000246351400007 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Stievater, Todd H. Rabinovich, William S. TI Integrated waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavities with silicon/air Bragg mirrors SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONATOR; FILTERS AB We demonstrate in-plane microfabricated Fabry-Perot cavities with cryogenically etched silicon/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors and integrated silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides. Several DBR configurations and cavity lengths were measured. Various devices exhibit Q =26963, FWHM 0.060 nm, finesse F= 489, free spectral range FSR = 81.7 nm, and DBR mirror reflectance R = 99.4%. Thermo-optic tuning over 6.7 nm is also demonstrated. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pruessner, MW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marcelwp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 5 BP 533 EP 535 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000533 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 202XB UT WOS:000248936600031 PM 17392912 ER PT J AU Pepitone, MF Jernigan, GG Melinger, JS Kim, OK AF Pepitone, M. F. Jernigan, G. G. Melinger, J. S. Kim, O. -K. TI Synthesis and characterization of donor-acceptor chromophores for unidirectional electron transfer SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE SEPARATION; PHENYLETHYNE-LINKED PORPHYRIN; MULTIPORPHYRIN ARRAYS; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HEMICYANINE DYES; CARBON NANOTUBES; AMYLOSE; COMPLEX; DESIGN; ENERGY AB A series of electron-transfer chromophores containing a donor and acceptor linked by an alkyl spacer were synthesized, and their electronic spectra were investigated. By inclusion with amylose, the supramolecularly encapsulated chromophores exhibit enhanced fluorescence quenching with discrete distance dependence and acquire the ability to sustain self-assemblies of a densely packed supramolecular array on a SiOH/Si substrate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Inst Nanosci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pepitone, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oh.kim@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1021/ol063000y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 138FQ UT WOS:000244348900017 PM 17286407 ER PT J AU Barsic, PH Valls, OT Halterman, K AF Barsic, Paul H. Valls, Oriol T. Halterman, Klaus TI Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of layered superconductor/ferromagnet nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; DENSITY-OF-STATES; FERROMAGNETIC METAL; JOSEPHSON JUNCTION; MULTILAYERS; OSCILLATIONS AB We study the thermodynamics of clean, layered superconductor/ferromagnet nanostructures using fully self-consistent methods to solve the microscopic Bogoliubov-deGennes equations. From these self-consistent solutions the condensation free energies are obtained. The trilayer superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction is studied in particular detail: first-order transitions between 0 and pi states as a function of the temperature T are located by finding where the free energies of the two phases cross. The occurrence of these transitions is mapped as a function of the thickness d(F) of the F layer and of the Fermi wave-vector mismatch parameter Lambda. Similar first-order transitions are found for systems with a larger number of layers: examples are given in the seven-layer (three-junction) case. The latent heats associated with these phase transitions are evaluated and found to be experimentally accessible. The transition temperature to the normal state is calculated from the linearized Bogoliubov-deGennes equations and found to be in good agreement with experiment. Thus, the whole three-dimensional phase diagram in T, d(F), and Lambda space can be found. The first-order transitions are associated with dips in the transition temperature T-c to the nonsuperconducting state, which should facilitate locating them. Results are also given for the magnetic moment and the local density of states at the first-order transition. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Barsic, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM barsic@physics.umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 10 AR 104502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.104502 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151ZF UT WOS:000245329100079 ER PT J AU Gambardella, P Claude, L Rusponi, S Franke, KJ Brune, H Raabe, J Nolting, F Bencok, P Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Grazioli, C Veronese, M Carbone, C AF Gambardella, P. Claude, L. Rusponi, S. Franke, K. J. Brune, H. Raabe, J. Nolting, F. Bencok, P. Hanbicki, A. T. Jonker, B. T. Grazioli, C. Veronese, M. Carbone, C. TI Surface characterization of MnxGe1-x and CryMnxGe1-x-y dilute magnetic semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MN; SPECTRA; GE; (GA,MN)AS; MOMENT; FILMS AB We have used x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to characterize MnxGe1-x and CryMnxGe1-x-y films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The surface layers of the as-grown films probed by XPEEM present segregation of Mn-rich phases. XAS using both total electron yield and fluorescence yield detection shows that the films are heavily oxidized after exposure to air. Etching in HF and HCl can be used to reduce oxidation, but inhomogeneities in the surface composition might not be completely eliminated depending on the Mn concentration. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements reveal that neither the etched nor the as-grown films present remanent ferromagnetic behavior down to a temperature of 5 K within the probing depth of the fluorescence yield (similar to 20 nm). Mn is paramagnetic in both the oxidized and etched samples, with an increased tendency to order magnetically toward the interior of the films. Cr in CryMnxGe1-x-y possesses a paramagnetic moment only in the oxidized form. A comparison of the XAS line shapes obtained in the present study with those of Mn impurities deposited on Ge and GaAs surfaces demonstrates that the interpretation of XAS spectra of Mn-doped dilute magnetic semiconductors in the literature is often affected by residual oxidation. C1 ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ICN, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Gambardella, P (reprint author), ICREA, Campus Univ Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Carbone, Carlo/B-2626-2010; Raabe, Joerg/C-4818-2012; Franke, Katharina/G-4470-2011; Brune, Harald/E-7284-2017; OI Raabe, Joerg/0000-0002-2071-6896; Brune, Harald/0000-0003-4459-3111; Carbone, Carlo/0000-0002-8675-7850; Grazioli, Cesare/0000-0002-6255-2041 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 125211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.125211 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151ZQ UT WOS:000245330200049 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, I. I. TI Electronic structure and magnetism in the frustrated antiferromagnet LiCrO2: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID O CATHODE MATERIALS; EXCHANGE INTEGRALS; OXIDES; LI; BATTERIES; NACRO2 AB LiCrO2 is a two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnet, isostructural with the common battery material LiCoO2 and a well-known Jahn-Teller antiferromagnet NaNiO2. As opposed to the latter, LiCrO2 exibits antiferromagnetic exchange in the Cr planes, which has been ascribed to direct Cr-Cr d-d overlap. Using local density approximation (LDA) and LDA+U first-principles calculations, I confirm this conjecture and show that (a) direct d-d overlap is indeed enhanced compared to isostructural Ni and Co compounds, (b) the p-d charge-transfer gap is also enhanced, thus suppressing the ferromagnetic superexchange, (c) the calculated magnetic Hamiltonian maps well onto the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange model, and (d) the interplanar inteaction is antiferromagnetic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 9 AR 094407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.094407 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151YZ UT WOS:000245328500045 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Berry, AD Campbell, PM Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, Gerald M. Berry, Alan D. Campbell, Paul M. Baronavski, Andrew P. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. TI Surface plasmon dynamics of high-aspect-ratio gold nanorods SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE ultrafast transient absorption; high-aspect-ratio gold nanorod; electrochemical deposition; surface plasmon resonance ID ENHANCED INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-PHONON RELAXATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COHERENT EXCITATION; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; AU PARTICLES AB Ultrafast transient absorption studies are reported for high-aspect-ratio gold nanorods that were fabricated by electrochemical deposition in polycarbonate templates. The nanorods are 60 nm in diameter with distribution of lengths of up to 6 mu m. The average aspect ratio was similar to 50, resulting in a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPRL) band in the mid-IR, as well as a transverse (SPRT) band in the visible. The rods were excited at 400 nm and probed at a range of wavelengths from the visible to the mid-IR to interrogate both SPR bands. The dynamics observed, including the electron-phonon coupling time and coherent acoustic breathing mode oscillations, closely resemble those previously reported for gold spherical nanoparticles and smaller-aspect-ratio nanorods. The electron-phonon coupling time was similarly determined to be 3.3 +/- 0.2 ps for both of the SPR bands. Also, oscillations with a 32-ps period were observed for probing near the SPRT band in the visible region due to impulsive coherent excitation of the acoustic breathing mode, which are consistent with the 60-nm diameter of the nanorods determined by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the dynamics for long gold nanorods are similar to those for smaller nanoparticles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s11468-006-9021-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 237DP UT WOS:000251353600004 ER PT J AU Apte, A Apte, UM Venugopal, N AF Apte, Aruna Apte, Uday M. Venugopal, Nandagopal TI Focusing on customer time in field service: A normative approach SO PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE field service; customer service; service quality; service operations ID VEHICLE-ROUTING PROBLEM; HEURISTIC ALGORITHM; SCHEDULING PROBLEMS; WINDOW CONSTRAINTS; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; DEMANDS; MODEL AB Although customer convenience should be rightfully considered a central element in field services, the customer experience suggests that service enterprises rarely take the customer's preferred time into account in making operational and scheduling decisions. In this paper we present the results of our exploratory research into two interrelated topics: the explicit inclusion of customer time in nonemergency field service delivery decisions and the analysis of trade-off between the customer's convenience and field service provider's cost. Based on prior research in service quality we identify and illustrate two time-based performance metrics that are particularly appropriate for assessing service quality in nonemergency field services: performance and conformance quality. To determine vehicle routes, we develop a hybrid heuristic derived from the existing and proven heuristic methods. A numerical example closely patterned after real-life data is generated and used within a computational experiment to investigate alternate policies for promise time windows. Our experiment shows that over a reasonable range of customer cost parameters the policy of shorter promise time windows reduces the combined total cost incurred by the provider and the customers and should be considered C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Verizon Business, Network Planning & Engn Syst, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. RP Apte, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM auapte@nps.edu; umapte@nps.edu; gopal.venugopal@verizonbusiness.com NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 13 PU PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SOC PI BALTIMORE PA UNIV BALTIMORE, 1420 CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA SN 1059-1478 J9 PROD OPER MANAG JI Prod. Oper. Manag. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 181QC UT WOS:000247450200003 ER PT J AU Jones, LR Klingner, DE AF Jones, L. R. Klingner, Donald E. TI The consummate comparative public administrationist: A tribute to Ferrel Heady, 1916-2006 SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT; NATIONS; CONTEXT; WORLD AB Ferrel Heady died on August 16, 2006, at his home in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Together with Fred Riggs, he is widely known and respected as one of the founders of comparative public administration. In this tribute to our friend and colleague, we touch on the highlights of his distinguished career as a scholar, an academic administrator, and a person who lived up to his own high standards of honesty and integrity in every aspect of his life. We assess his body of work, attempt to summarize its significance, and reproduce comments about him sent to us by his friends and colleagues. This tribute is accompanied by reflections on Ferrel written by Fred Riggs. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Colorado, Grad Sch Publ Affairs, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM dukedmb@aol.com; dklingne@uccs.edu NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 188 EP U1 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00706_1.x PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 156KB UT WOS:000245645600001 ER PT J AU Metzbower, EA Moon, DW AF Metzbower, E. A. Moon, D. W. TI Hardness changes on pass by pass basis in mild steel gas metal arc welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE gas metal arc welding; hardness maps; mild steel A36; softening; tempering ID MACROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE AB A series of welds were fabricated in mild ( ASTM A36) steel. The first pass was the entire length of the plate and each subsequent pass was indented similar to 25 mm. This allowed us to determine the change in hardness on a pass by pass basis by mapping the hardness over each weld pass. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM metzbower@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1179/174329307X164247 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128ED UT WOS:000243640100011 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Koytcheff, RG Lau, CGY AF Kostoff, Ronald N. Koytcheff, Raymond G. Lau, Clifford G. Y. TI Global nanotechnology research metrics SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE t AB Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature. An extensive nanotechnology/nanoscience-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) databases. The nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) was obtained using bibliometrics. A novel addition was the use of institution and country auto-correlation maps to show co-publishing networks among institutions and among countries, and the use of institution-phrase and country-phrase cross-correlation maps to show institution networks and country networks based on use of common terminology (proxy for common interests). The use of factor matrices quantified further the strength of the linkages among institutions and among countries, and validated the co-publishing networks shown graphically on the maps. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Inst Def Analyses, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 8 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 EI 1588-2861 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 70 IS 3 BP 565 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s11192-007-0303-5 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 140MO UT WOS:000244509600003 ER PT J AU Mays, ML St Cyr, OC Quemerais, E Ferron, S Bertaux, JL Yashiro, S Howard, R AF Mays, M. L. St Cyr, O. C. Quemerais, E. Ferron, S. Bertaux, J. -L. Yashiro, S. Howard, R. TI An attempt to detect coronal mass ejections in Lyman-alpha using SOHOSWAN SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; LASCO; SWAN; SPACECRAFT; COMETS; SMEI AB In this study, the possibility that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) may be observed in neutral Lyman-alpha emission was investigated. An observing campaign was initiated for SWAN (Solar Wind ANisotropies), a Lyman-alpha scanning photometer on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) dedicated to monitoring the latitude distribution of the solar wind from its imprints on the interstellar sky background. This was part of SOHO Joint Observing Program (JOP) 159 and was an exploratory investigation as it was not known how, or even if, CMEs interact with the solar wind and interstellar neutral hydrogen at this distance (approximate to 60 and 120 R (S)). The study addresses the lack of methods for tracking CMEs beyond the field-of-view of current coronagraphs (30 R (S)). In our first method we used LASCO, white-light coronagraphs on SOHO, and EIT, an extreme ultraviolet imaging telescope also on SOHO, to identify CME candidates which, subject to certain criteria, should have been observable in SWAN. The criteria included SWAN observation time and location, CME position angle, and extrapolated speed. None of the CME candidates that we discuss were identified in the SWAN data. For our second method we analyzed all of the SWAN data for 184 runs of the observing campaign, and this has yielded one candidate CME detection. The candidate CME appears as a dimming of the background Lyman-alpha intensity representing approximate to 10% of the original intensity, moving radially away from the Sun. Multiple candidate CMEs observed by LASCO and EIT were found which may have caused this dimming. Here we discuss the campaign, data analysis technique and statistics, and the results. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mays, ML (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, 1 Univ Stn C1600, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lmays@physics.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 241 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-0196-8 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 154JM UT WOS:000245503000011 ER PT J AU Butler, RE Burke, R Schneider, JJ Brar, H Lucha, PA AF Butler, Ralph E. Burke, Rachel Schneider, James J. Brar, Harpreet Lucha, Paul A., Jr. TI The economic impact of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: results of a double-blinded, prospective, randomized trial SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-American-Gastrointestinal-Endoscopic-Surgeons CY MAR 12-15, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Amer Gastrointestinal Endoscop Surg DE clinical papers/trials/research; costs; hernia; pain; quality of life ID HERNIORRHAPHY; PAIN AB For this study, 66 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of unilateral primary inguinal hernia were randomized to undergo laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal (TEP), laparoscopic transabdominal (TAPP), or open inguinal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh (Lichtenstein type). Both the operative team caring for the patient postoperatively and the patient were blinded to the operative approach by placement of a large dressing covering the abdomen, which was not removed until postoperative day 3. The patients recorded their pain level on a visual analog pain scale daily. Medication usage also was recorded. All patients were seen at 7-day intervals until they returned to work. The patients were interviewed during their postoperative visits by an investigator blinded to the operative approach and questioned regarding their ability to return to work and their pain levels. The average number of lost work days in all the groups was 12, and there was no significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.074). The average operating time for the TAPP procedure was 59 min, less than the time required to complete either the TEP or the Lichtenstein approach, which had equivalent operative times (p = 0.027). The material cost was significantly lower for the Lichtenstein repair ($1,200 less) than for either of the laparoscopic approaches, a saving primarily related to consumable operating room supplies. The TEP repair costs were minimally higher than those for the TAPP repair ($125 more). No significant differences were noted in the postoperative pain scales, and the use of postoperative oral analgesics was equivalent. The higher operative costs noted for the laparoscopic hernia repairs were not offset by a shortened convalescence. Postoperative pain appears to be equivalent regardless of the operative approach chosen and is easily managed with oral analgesics. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 620 Johm Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s00464-006-9123-6 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 145DK UT WOS:000244845300006 PM 17235721 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Baker, NL AF Langland, Rolf H. Baker, Nancy L. TI Interpretations of an adjoint-derived observational impact measure - Reply SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM langland@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 2 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00218.x PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 140QO UT WOS:000244520900011 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, Jason TI Gentility and the comic theatre of late Stuart London. SO THEATRE JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0192-2882 J9 THEATRE J JI Theatre J. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1353/tj.2007.0073 PG 2 WC Theater SC Theater GA 144UC UT WOS:000244820800047 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Kane, CJ Amling, CL Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Presti, JC AF Freedland, Stephen J. Kane, Christopher J. Amling, Christopher L. Aronson, William J. Terris, Martha K. Presti, Joseph C., Jr. CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Upgrading and downgrading of prostate needle biopsy specimens: Risk factors and clinical implications SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; GLEASON SCORES; CANCER; GRADE; OBESITY; MORTALITY; ACCURACY; IMPROVES; DATABASE; SCHEME AB OBJECTIVES The prostate biopsy Gleason grade frequently differs from the radical prostatectomy (RP) grade. Given the critical role that needle biopsy plays in treatment decisions, we sought to determine the risk factors for upgrading and downgrading the prostate biopsy specimen. METHODS We determined the significant predictors of upgrading (worse RP grade than biopsy grade) and downgrading (better RP grade than biopsy grade) among 1113 men treated with RP from 1996 to 2005 within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database who had undergone at least sextant biopsy. The Gleason sum was examined as a categorical variable of 2 to 6, 3+4, and 4+3 or greater. RESULTS Overall, the disease of 299 men (27%) was upgraded and 123 (11%) was downgraded, and 691 men (62%) had identical biopsy and pathologic Gleason sum groups. Upgrading was associated with adverse pathologic features (P <= 0.001) and the risk of biochemical progression (P = 0.001). Downgrading was associated with more favorable pathologic features (P <= 0.01) and a decreased risk of progression (P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, greater prostate-specific antigen levels (P < 0.001), more biopsy cores with cancer (P = 0.001), and obesity (P = 0.003) were all significantly and positively associated with upgrading. In contrast, biopsy Gleason sum 3+4 (P = 0.001) and obtaining eight or more biopsy cores (P = 0.01) were associated with a lower likelihood of upgrading. CONCLUSIONS Men whose disease was upgraded were at a greater risk of adverse pathologic features and biochemical progression. Men with "high-risk" cancer (greater prostate-specific antigen levels, more positive cores, and obese) were more likely to have their disease category upgraded, and obtaining more biopsy cores reduced the likelihood of upgrading. C1 Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol Surg, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Prostate Ctr, Durham, NC USA. San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Urol, Birmingham, AL USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Med, Div Urol, DUMC, Box 3850, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM steve.freedland@duke.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1, P50 CA092131, P50 CA092131-01A10005, R01 CA100938, R01CA100938]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000865, M01 RR000865-310710] NR 19 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.036 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 155GS UT WOS:000245566500020 PM 17382152 ER PT J AU Hausdorff, WP Hajjeh, R Al-Mazrou, A Shibl, A Soriano-Gabarro, M AF Hausdorff, William P. Hajjeh, Rana Al-Mazrou, Abdulrahman Shibl, Atef Soriano-Gabarro, Montse TI The epidemiology of pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region - Current status and needs SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE pneumonia; meningitis; surveillance; Middle East ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; SAUDI-ARABIA; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN AB Information about the burden and epidemiological characteristics of meningitis and other invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis is of great value to healthcare decision makers to prioritize public health interventions. A group of regional experts in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African regions formed the MENA Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Regional Advisory Group to collate and discuss such information on an annual basis. This paper provides an up-to-date summary of the available epidemiological data regarding these pathogens in these regions. In doing so, it highlights the need for additional surveillance studies to better measure the burden of these diseases, as well as the potential impact of introduction of new vaccines against these pathogens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. King Saud Univ, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Hausdorff, WP (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rue Inst 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. EM william.p.hausdorff@gsk.com NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1935 EP 1944 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.018 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146PZ UT WOS:000244948100003 PM 17241707 ER PT J AU Wang, J Chatrathi, MP Collins, GE AF Wang, Joseph Chatrathi, Madhu Prakash Collins, Greg E. TI Simultaneous microchip enzymatic measurements of blood lactate and glucose SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lactate; glucose; microchip; electrochemical detection ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEM; ASSAYS; CHIPS; ELECTRODES; BIOSENSOR; DEVICES; REACTOR AB A miniaturized capillary electrophoretic (CE) microchip device for the simultaneous measurements of lactate and glucose is described. The new microchip bioassay protocol integrates an electrophoretic separation of lactate and glucose, post-column enzymatic reactions of these metabolites with their respective oxidase enzymes, and an amperometric (anodic) detection of enzymatically-liberated hydrogen peroxide at a gold-coated thick-film carbon detector. Factors influencing the response have been examined and optimized, and the analytical performance has been characterized. Applicability of the microchip assay to clinical samples, such as serum and blood, is demonstrated. The microchip protocol obviates cross enzymatic reactions and interferences from major oxidizable constituents common to dual glucose-lactate enzyme electrodes. Such ability to rapidly separate and quantitate lactate and glucose on a small microchip platform should find important clinical and biotechnological applications. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Chem & Biochem, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Chem & Biochem, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM joseph.wang@asu.edu RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 FU PHS HHS [R01A 1056047] NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 585 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.12.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 139AO UT WOS:000244404600002 PM 17386641 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Rowland, LB Kim, J Fatemi, M AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Rowland, Larry B. Kim, Jihyun Fatemi, Mohammad TI Properties of epitaxial GaN on refractory metal substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONG PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EMISSION AB The authors demonstrate here that GaN films with good surface morphology and structural, optical, and electronic properties can be grown on metallic titanium carbide substrates. X-ray rocking curve and Raman scattering measurements confirmed the high crystalline quality of the wurtzite structure film. Variable temperature photoluminescence measurements of sharp and intense emission lines provided insights into the nature of the recombination processes, the carrier background type, and the carrier concentration. The high quality of the interface and substrate Ohmic contacts was verified. The ability to grow high-quality films on metallic substrates provides the means for advanced vertical and high-power and/or high-temperature device fabrication. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Aymont Technol Inc, New York, NY 12302 USA. Korea Univ, Coll Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil RI Rowland, Larry/C-4487-2008; Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 9 AR 091910 DI 10.1063/1.2709512 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 141PR UT WOS:000244591700030 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Rendell, RW Ancona, MG AF Prokes, S. M. Glembocki, O. J. Rendell, R. W. Ancona, M. G. TI Enhanced plasmon coupling in crossed dielectric/metal nanowire composite geometries and applications to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; RESONANCE-SPECTRUM; PERIODIC ARRAY; GALLIUM OXIDE; SCATTERING; ZNO AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was performed on Ga2O3/Ag and ZnO/Ag nanowires, which were arranged in either a crossover or noncrossing geometry. Results indicate a high SERS sensitivity (near 0.2 pg) for nanowires arranged in a crossing geometry. It is suggested that this is due to the dielectric core/metal shell structure, as well as to the nanowire crossings, which are regions of very high electric fields. Finite element simulations of the electric field near two crossed wires confirm an enhanced plasmon resonance in the vicinity of the crossing, which extends spatially in the crossings and around the nanowires. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 9 AR 093105 DI 10.1063/1.2709996 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 141PR UT WOS:000244591700077 ER PT J AU Kim, H Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Kim, Heungsoo Auyeung, Raymond C. Y. Pique, Alberto TI Laser-printed thick-film electrodes for solid-state rechargeable Li-ion microbatteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE thick-film electrodes; laser direct-write; Li-ion microbattery; gel polymer electrolyte ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; DIRECT-WRITE; LITHIUM; BATTERIES; LICOO2; DEPOSITION; CATHODES AB Laser-printed thick-film electrodes (LiCoO2 Cathode and carbon anode) are deposited onto metallic current collectors for fabricating Li-ion microbatteries. These microbatteries demonstrate a significantly higher discharge capacity, power and energy densities than those made by sputter-deposited thin-film techniques. This increased performance is attributed to the porous structure of the laser-printed electrodes, which allows improved ionic and electronic transport through the thick electrodes (similar to 100 mu m) without a significant increase in internal resistance. These laser-printed electrodes are separated by a laser-cut porous membrane impregnated with a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) in order to build mm-size scale solid-state rechargeable Li-ion microbatteries (LiCoO2/GPE/carbon). The resulting packaged microbatteries exhibit a power density of similar to 38 mW cm(-2) with a discharge capacity of similar to 102 mu Ah cm(-2) at a high discharge rate of 10 mA cm(-2). The laser-printed microbatteries also exhibit discharge capacities in excess of 2500 mu Ah cm(-2) at a current density of 100 mu A cm(-2). This is over an order of magnitude higher than that observed for sputter-deposited thin-film microbatteries (similar to 160 mu Ah cm(-2)). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 9 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 25 PY 2007 VL 165 IS 1 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.11.053 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 148SB UT WOS:000245093800054 ER PT J AU Geer, AJ Lahoz, WA Jackson, DR Cariolle, D McCormack, JP AF Geer, A. J. Lahoz, W. A. Jackson, D. R. Cariolle, D. McCormack, J. P. TI Evaluation of linear ozone photochemistry parametrizations in a stratosphere-troposphere data assimilation system SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; 3-D MODELS; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES AB This paper evaluates the performance of various linear ozone photochemistry parametrizations using the stratosphere-troposphere data assimilation system of the Met Office. A set of experiments were run for the period 23 September 2003 to 5 November 2003 using the Cariolle (v1.0 and v2.1), LINOZ and Chem2D-OPP (v0.1 and v2.1) parametrizations. All operational meteorological observations were assimilated, together with ozone retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). Experiments were validated against independent data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and ozonesondes. Additionally, a simple offline method for comparing the parametrizations is introduced. It is shown that in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, outside the polar night, ozone analyses are controlled by the photochemistry parametrizations and not by the assimilated observations. The most important factor in getting good results at these levels is to pay attention to the ozone and temperature climatologies in the parametrizations. There should be no discrepancies between the climatologies and the assimilated observations or the model, but there is also a competing demand that the climatologies be objectively accurate in themselves. Conversely, in the lower stratosphere outside regions of heterogeneous ozone depletion, the ozone analyses are dominated by observational increments and the photochemistry parametrizations have little influence. We investigate a number of known problems in LINOZ and Cariolle v1.0 in more detail than previously, and we find discrepancies in Cariolle v2.1 and Chem2D-OPP v2.1, which are demonstrated to have been removed in the latest available versions (v2.8 and v2.6 respectively). In general, however, all the parametrizations work well through much of the stratosphere, helped by the presence of good quality assimilated MIPAS observations. C1 Univ Reading, DARC, Reading, Berks, England. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Meteo France, Toulouse, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geer, AJ (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM alan.geer@ecmwf.int OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 7 BP 939 EP 959 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138XK UT WOS:000244396400001 ER PT J AU Perez-Moreno, J Asselberghs, I Song, K Clays, K Zhao, YX Nakanishi, H Okada, S Nogi, K Kim, OK Je, J Matrai, J De Maeyer, M Kuzyk, MG AF Perez-Moreno, Javier Asselberghs, Inge Song, Kai Clays, Koen Zhao, Yuxia Nakanishi, Hachiro Okada, Shuji Nogi, Kyoko Kim, Oh-Kil Je, Jongtae Matrai, Janka De Maeyer, Marc Kuzyk, Mark G. TI Combined molecular and supramolecular bottom-up nanoengineering for enhanced nonlinear optical response: Experiments, modeling, and approaching the fundamental limit SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; DYE INCLUSION COMPLEX; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; QUANTUM LIMITS; HYPERPOLARIZABILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; HEMICYANINE; SALT AB The authors study the combination of two independent strategies that enhance the hyperpolarizability of ionic organic chromophores. The first molecular-level strategy is the extension of the conjugation path in the active chromophore. The second supramolecular-level strategy is the bottom-up nanoengineering of an inclusion complex of the chromophore in an amylose helix by self-assembly. The authors study a series of five (dimethylamino)stilbazolium-type chromophores with increasing conjugation length between the (dimethylamino)phenyl donor ring and the pyridinium acceptor ring in conjunction with four amylose helices of differing molecular weights. The first hyperpolarizabilities of the self-assembled inclusion complexes, as determined with frequency-resolved femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering at 800 and 1300 nm, are compared with experimental values for the free chromophores in solution and with theoretical values. While the experimental values for the hyperpolarizability in solution are lower than the theoretically predicted values, an enhancement upon inclusion is observed, with the longest chromophore in the best amylose helix showing an enhancement by one order of magnitude. Molecular modeling of the inclusion of the chromophore suggests that the coplanarity of the two rings is more important than all-trans configuration in the conjugation path. The fundamental limit analysis indicates that the inclusion inside the amylose helix results in an optimal excited-level energy spacing that is responsible for breaching the apparent limit. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Louvain, Dept Chem, Lab Biomol Modeling, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. USN, Res Labs, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Perez-Moreno, J (reprint author), Univ Louvain, Dept Chem, Lab Biomol Modeling, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM javier.perezmoreno@fys.kuleuven.be; inge.asselberghs@fys.kuleuven.be; songkai75@gmail.com; koen.clays@fys.kuleuven.be; yuxia.zhao@mail.ipc.ac.cn; hnakanis@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp; okadas@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp; zae69543@pine.zero.ad.jp; okkim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; jtje@sunfc.co.kr; janka.matrai@fys.kuleuven.be; marc.demaeyer@fys.kuleuven.be; kuz@wsu.edu OI Kuzyk, Mark/0000-0003-3609-9754 NR 73 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 7 AR 074705 DI 10.1063/1.2484035 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 138VL UT WOS:000244391300041 PM 17328625 ER PT J AU Laurent, P Titarchuk, L AF Laurent, Philippe Titarchuk, Lev TI Effects of downscattering on the continuum and line spectra in a powerful wind environment: Monte Carlo simulations, analytical results, and data analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID CONVERGING FLUID-FLOW; VELOCITY IONIZED OUTFLOW; BLACK-HOLE WINDS; X-RAY SOURCES; COMPTON-SCATTERING; EMISSION-LINE; ACCRETION; IRON; VARIABILITY; REFLECTION AB In an earlier paper, the general formulation and results for photon reprocessing (downscattering) that included recoil and Comptonization effects due to divergence of the flow were presented. In a second paper we showed the Monte Carlo (MC) simulated continuum and line spectra. We also provided an analytical description of the simulated continuum spectra using the diffusion approximation. We have simulated the propagation of monochromatic and continuum photons in a bulk outflow from a compact object. Electron scattering of the photons within the expanding flow leads to a decrease of their energy, which is of first order in V / c ( where V is the outflow velocity). The downscattering effect of first order in V / c in the diverging flow is explained by semianalytical calculations and confirmed by MC simulations. We conclude that redshifted lines and downscattering bumps are intrinsic properties of the powerful outflows for which the Thomson optical depth is greater than 1. We fitted our model line profiles to the observations using four free parameters, beta = V / c, the optical depth of the wind tau, the wind temperature kT(e), and the original line photon energy E-0. We show how the primary spectrum emitted close to the black hole is modified by reprocessing in the warm wind. In the framework of our wind model, the fluorescent iron line K alpha is formed in the partly ionized wind as a result of illumination by central source continuum photons. The demonstrated application of our outflow model to the XMM-Newton observations of MCG-6-30-15 and to the ASCA observations of GRO J1655 - 40 points out a potential powerful spectral diagnostic for probes of the outflow-central object connection in Galactic and extragalactic black hole sources. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Coll France, Federat Astroparticule Cosmol, F-75231 Paris, France. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laurent, P (reprint author), Astroparticule & Cosmol, Paris, France. EM plaurent@cea.fr; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI laurent, philippe/E-6211-2013 NR 41 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 2 BP 1056 EP 1074 DI 10.1086/510572 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138BG UT WOS:000244336900039 ER PT J AU Godon, P Sion, EM Barrett, P Szkody, P AF Godon, Patrick Sion, Edward M. Barrett, Paul Szkody, Paula TI A far-ultraviolet study of the nova-like V794 Aquilae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (V794 Aquilae); ultraviolet : stars; white dwarfs ID RESONANCE-ABSORPTION LINES; HOT WHITE-DWARF; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; LOW-STATE; WAVELENGTHS LONGWARD; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ACCRETION DISK; URSAE MAJORIS; LYMAN LIMIT; ATOMIC-DATA AB V794 Aql was observed in a high state with the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST STIS) on 2003 August 28, and with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) on 2004 May 13. We present here a spectral analysis of the FUSE and HST STIS spectra. For a 0.9M(circle dot), the best fit is an accretion disk with a mass accretion rate M = 10(-8.5) to 10(-8.0) M(circle dot)yr(-1) with an inclination of 60 degrees when assuming E(B-V) = 0.2. The corresponding distance to the system is d = 690 pc. A single white dwarf model leads to a rather hot temperature ( between 30,000 and 55,000 K depending on the assumptions) but does not provide a fit as good as the accretion disk model. The same disk model is the best fit to the FUSE spectrum, the HST STIS spectrum, and the combined FUSE + HST STIS spectrum, implying therefore that the disk model is the best fit not only in the least x(2) sense, but also as a consistent solution across a large-wavelength span of observation. We find that the model fits are in much better agreement with the dereddened spectra when E(B - V) is large, as excess emission in the longer wavelengths renders the slope of the observed spectra almost impossible to fit, unless E(B - V) 0.2. A large reddening value is in agreement with the hydrogen column density we find, N(H (I)) = 4.5 x 10(20) cm(-2) and N(H-2) = 3 x 10(17) cm(-2) and with the E(B - V) value derived from the existing archival International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra. C1 Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Godon, P (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM patrick.godon@villanova.edu; edward.sion@villanova.edu; barrett.paul@usno.navy.mil; szkody@astro.washington.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 2 BP 1092 EP 1103 DI 10.1086/510775 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138BG UT WOS:000244336900041 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AN Stadermann, FJ Zinner, E Stroud, RM Alexander, CMO Nittler, LR AF Nguyen, Ann N. Stadermann, Frank J. Zinner, Ernst Stroud, Rhonda M. Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Nittler, Larry R. TI Characterization of presolar silicate and oxide grains in primitive carbonaceous chondrites SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; Galaxy : evolution; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : evolution ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; SIC GRAINS; AGB STARS; INTERPLANETARY DUST; SPINEL GRAINS; STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CRYSTALLINE SILICATE; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS AB Raster ion imaging of the oxygen isotopes with the Nano SIMS ion microprobe has been used to identify presolar grains in two primitive meteorites. Eleven presolar silicates and eight presolar oxides were identified in the primitive carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094 for abundances of 325 and 360 parts per million (ppm), respectively. In addition, nine presolar silicates and five presolar oxide grains were identified in the CO3 chondrite ALHA 77307, for abundances of 320 and 200 ppm, respectively. These abundances, which are matrix-normalized and corrected for instrumental detection efficiencies, are much higher than those of other presolar phases, with the exception of nanodiamonds, although the latter may not all be presolar. The chemical compositions of six presolar silicate grains from ALHA 77307 were elucidated by Auger spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of one presolar silicate grain revealed a nonstoichiometric composition and an amorphous structure as indicated by the diffuse electron diffraction pattern. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the presolar silicates indicate origins in red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars. Analysis of the Si isotopic compositions of 10 presolar silicates provides further constraints on the effects of Galactic chemical evolution. C1 Washington Univ, Lab Space Sci, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Nguyen, AN (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM nguyen@dtm.ciw.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 98 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 2 BP 1223 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/510612 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138BG UT WOS:000244336900052 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Pick, M Hoang, S Demoulin, PD AF Vourlidas, Angelos Pick, Monique Hoang, Sang Demoulin, Pascal TI Identification of a peculiar radio source in the aftermath of large coronal mass ejection events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : radio radiation AB We report the discovery of a new radio feature associated with coronal mass ejection (CME) events. The feature is a low-frequency (< 1 MHz), relatively wide (similar to 300 kHz) continuum that appears just after the main phase of the eruptive event, lasts for several hours, and exhibits a slow negative frequency drift. So far, we have identified this radio signature in a handful of CME events and suspect it might be a common occurrence. The radio continuum starts almost simultaneously with the commonly observed decimetric type IV stationary continuum ( also called flare continuum), but the two seem unrelated. The emission mechanism, whether plasma emission or gyroresonance, is unclear at the moment. On the basis of our preliminary analysis, we interpret this radio continuum as the lateral interaction of the CME with magnetic structures. Another possibility is that this continuum traces the reconfiguration of large-scale loop systems, such as streamers. In other words, it could be the large-scale counterpart of the post-CME arcades seen over active region neutral lines after big CME events. This Letter aims to bring attention to this feature and attract more research into its nature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vourlidas@nrl.navy.mil; monique.pick@obspm.fr RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/512607 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138BJ UT WOS:000244337200015 ER PT J AU Wang, CF Choi, YS Lee, JC Hu, EL Yang, J Butler, JE AF Wang, C. F. Choi, Y- S. Lee, J. C. Hu, E. L. Yang, J. Butler, J. E. TI Observation of whispering gallery modes in nanocrystalline diamond microdisks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; CENTERS; FILMS AB Nanocrystalline diamond microdisks have been fabricated and characterized. The process conditions were chosen to ensure smooth and vertical sidewalls. Focused ion beam milling was used to create ultrasmooth sidewalls. Whispering gallery modes were observed near the nitrogen-vacancy center emission wavelength (637 nm) by photoluminescence and near similar to 1550 nm by evanescent fiber coupling. The cavity quality factors (Q) are about 100 in both experiments. The Q's for these disks were calculated to be as high as 10(5) by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. The authors believe the Q's to be limited by absorption and scattering within the nanocrystalline cavity material. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Wang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chioufu@physics.ucsb.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 AR 081110 DI 10.1063/1.2709626 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 139GP UT WOS:000244420600010 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Smith, DJ McCartney, MR Katzer, DS Storm, DF AF Zhou, Lin Smith, David J. McCartney, Martha R. Katzer, D. S. Storm, D. F. TI Observation of vertical honeycomb structure in InAlN/GaN heterostructures due to lateral phase separation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; STABILITY; FILMS AB The microstructure of InxAl1-xN/GaN heterostructures (where x similar to 0.13-0.19), grown by molecular beam epitaxy, was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Observations in the cross-section and plan-view geometries show evidence for lateral phase separation originating at the GaN surface that results in a vertical honeycomblike structure within the InAlN layers. The lateral dimensions of the honeycomb cells are similar to 5-10 nm. The vertical walls are In rich with a width of similar to 1-2 nm and align roughly perpendicular to < 11 (2) over bar0 > and < 1 (1) over bar 00 > directions. The phase separation is attributed to random compositional fluctuations during the early stages of growth, possibly associated with misfit-strain relaxation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM linzhou@asu.edu; david.smith@asu.edu RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 16 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 AR 081917 DI 10.1063/1.2696206 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 139GP UT WOS:000244420600032 ER PT J AU Lininger, LA Cullum, ME Lyles, MB Bienek, DR AF Lininger, Linda A. Cullum, Malford E. Lyles, Mark B. Bienek, Diane R. TI The impact of incomplete vaccination schedules on the magnitude and duration of protective antigen-specific IgG responses in recipients of the US licensed anthrax vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax; vaccine efficacy; antibody; human ID IN-VITRO CORRELATE; GUINEA-PIGS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; SPORE CHALLENGE; RHESUS MACAQUES; HUMANS; IMMUNITY; TOXIN AB Using a cross-sectional analysis design, we measured serum anti-protective antigen (PA) concentrations in individuals receiving six or fewer US licensed anthrax vaccinations. Samples were collected front 363 individuals with a mean of 29.6 +/- 8.42 months after their last vaccination (range 3-57 months). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed and validated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was used to evaluate the range and status of anthrax vaccine-induced serum antibody concentrations. A significant correlation (r=0.73, P < 0.001) was found to exist between the number of vaccinations received and specific anti-PA immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. We observed two discrete groups comprised of one to three doses (5.9-11.7 mu g/ml) and four to six doses (26.2-30.2 mu g/ml). These data indicate that anti-PA IgG is present at low but detectable levels after as few as two vaccinations (5.9 +/- 6.43 mu g/ml). These findings may have significance for anthrax vaccine recipients who are unable to complete the primary or full regimen with this licensed product. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Bureau Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), Naval Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM drbienek@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1619 EP 1625 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 135MX UT WOS:000244158800006 PM 17150286 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Peters, TM AF Reid, Jeffrey S. Peters, Thomas M. TI Update to "Reconciliation of coarse mode sea-salt aerosol particle size measurements and parameterizations at a subtropical ocean receptor site'' regarding the use of aerodynamic particle sizers in marine environments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COUNTING EFFICIENCY AB In the January 2006 issue of Journal of Geophysical Research, Reid et al. presented their findings regarding the sometimes large biases found in the measurement of the size and inferred mass concentration of coarse mode sea-salt particles. This was done on the R/P Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) off of the coast of Oahu, Hawaii, where long fetches of the clean marine environment could be studied. As part of this analysis, data from optical particle counters and TSI aerodynamic particle sizers (APS) (model 3320) were compared to filter mass and chemistry. It was found that a ground-based APS 3320 gave superior performance on measurement of sea-salt properties relative to other size spectrometers when previously published correction factors were used. However, a calibration study of APS instruments by Volckens and Peters (2005) was published while Reid et al. (2006) was in press. Volckens and Peters (2005) found significant differences in counting efficiency between wet and dry particles that included evidence for particle impaction inside the APS's acceleration nozzle. This finding does not impact Reid et al.'s (2006) key results or conclusions. However, it does bear relevance to specific comments made regarding what was suggested as appropriate use of APS-type instruments. It also has bearing on some unexplained anomalous behavior in the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) wing-mounted APS unit. In this short note we briefly review the APS performance bibliography, provide correction factors for size estimates presented in Reid et al. (2006), and discuss how the most current findings impact the study of coarse mode sea salt. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper St,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D4 AR D04202 DI 10.1029/2006JD007501 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138LH UT WOS:000244363600003 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Ray, R Little, B Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Ray, Ricky Little, Brenda Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Diversifying biological fuel cell designs by use of nanoporous filters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; BIOFUEL CELLS; POWER; CHALLENGES; BACTERIUM AB The use of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in biological fuel cells limits the diversity of novel designs for increasing output power or enabling autonomous function in unique environments. Here we show that selected nanoporous polymer filters (nylon, cellulose, or polycarbonate) can be used effectively in place of PEMs in a miniature microbial fuel cell (mini-MFC, device cross-section 2 cm(2)), generating a power density of 16 W/m(3) with an uncoated graphite felt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode. The incorporation of polycarbonate or nylon membranes into biological fuel cell designs produced comparable power and durability to Nafion-117 membranes. Also, high power densities for novel larger (5 cm(3) anode volume, 0.6 W/m(3)) and smaller (0.025 cm(3) projected geometric volume, average power density 10 W/m(3)) chamberless and pumpless microbial fuel cells were observed. As an additional benefit, the nanoporous membranes isolated the anode from invading natural bacteria, increasing the potential applications for MFCs beyond aquatic sediment environments. This work is a practical solution for decreasing the cost of biological fuel cells while incorporating new features for powering long-term autonomous devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bradley.Ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1444 EP 1449 DI 10.1021/es061634u PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135NZ UT WOS:000244161600061 PM 17593755 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Laskoski, M Qadri, SB AF Keller, Teddy M. Laskoski, Matthew Qadri, Syed B. TI Ferrocene catalyzed carbon nanotube formation in carbonaceous solid SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; METAL PARTICLES; SINGLE; COMPOSITES; GROWTH; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCAPSULES; DIFFRACTION AB Carbon nanotubes are formed in a carbonaceous solid from thermal decomposition of various amounts of 1,4-diferrocenylbutadiyne in the presence of an excess amount of a multi(ethynyl)aromatic compound. Only a small amount of the feffocenyl compound is needed to achieve the formation of carbon nanotubes in high yield. The method described here permits the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes in a shaped, solid configuration. The carbon nanotubes form under atmospheric pressure during the carbonization process above 500 degrees C in the carbonaceous solid. The Fe atoms, nanoclusters, and/or nanoparticles formed from the decomposition of the 1,4-diferrocenylbutadiyne are the key to the formation of the carbon nanotubes in the developing carbonaceous solid by reacting with the developing polycondensed aromatic ring system. The carbonaceous solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM teddy.keller@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 6 BP 2514 EP 2519 DI 10.1021/jp0665527 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LY UT WOS:000245005700024 ER PT J AU Dayal, P Guenthner, AJ Kyu, T AF Dayal, Pratyush Guenthner, Andrew J. Kyu, Thein TI Morphology development of main-chain liquid crystalline polymer fibers during solvent evaporation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE LCP; morphology; phase behavior; structure; modeling ID THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; PHASE SEPARATIONS AB A nonequilibrium thermodynamic approach has been developed for describing the emergence of fiber morphologies from a liquid crystalline polymer solution undergoing solvent evaporation, including fibrillar structures, concentric rings, and spiral structures. We utilized Matsuyama-Kato free energy for main-chain liquid crystalline polymer (MCLCP) solutions, which is an extension of Maier-Saupe theory for nematic ordering and incorporates a chain-stiffening, combined with Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing. Temporal evolution of the concentration and nematic order parameters pertaining to the above free energy density of liquid crystalline polymer solution was simulated in the context of time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory coupled with the solvent evaporation rate equation under the quasi-steady state assumption. The emerged morphological patterns are discussed in relation to the phase diagram of the MCLCP solution and the rate of solvent evaporation. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1002/polb.21055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 133KW UT WOS:000244012800005 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M Nichols, CJ Virgin, LN AF Todd, Michael D. Nichols, Jonathan M. Trickey, Stephen T. Seaver, Mark Nichols, Christy J. Virgin, Lawrence N. TI Bragg grating-based fibre optic sensors in structural health monitoring SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fibre optics; Bragg gratings; strain measurements; structural health monitoring ID CHAOTIC INTERROGATION; STRAIN-SENSOR; TIME-SERIES; SYSTEM; FILTER; INTERFEROMETER; COUPLER; SCHEME AB This work first considers a review of the dominant current methods for fibre Bragg grating wavelength interrogation. These methods include WDM interferometry, tunable filter ( both Fabry Perot and acousto-optic) demultiplexing, CCD/prism technique and a newer hybrid method utilizing Fabry - Perot and interferometric techniques. Two applications using these techniques are described: hull loads monitoring on an all-composite fast patrol boat and bolt pre-load loss monitoring in a composite beam in conjunction with a state-space modelling data analysis technique. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdt@ucsd.edu NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1851 BP 317 EP 343 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1937 PG 27 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131BF UT WOS:000243842300003 PM 17255042 ER PT J AU He, MQ Motayed, A Mohammad, SN AF He, Maoqi Motayed, Abhishek Mohammad, S. Noor TI Phase separations of single-crystal nanowires grown by self-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN NANOWIRES; INAS WHISKERS; GAAS; STABILITY; INDIUM; NH3 AB The fundamentals of phase separations of single-crystal III-V nitride nanowires grown by self-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method have been studied. Experimental tools, such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, have been used to characterize the nanowires. The study indicates that nanowires with diameters exceeding about 100 nm undergo phase transitions and/or crystal structure deterioration. The study highlights a relationship between the crystal structure and the kinetics of growth of nanowires. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 6 AR 064704 DI 10.1063/1.2432111 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 136US UT WOS:000244250200031 PM 17313235 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF AF Bendler, John T. Fontanella, John J. Shlesinger, Michael F. TI Anomalous diffusion producing normal relaxation and transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID VISCOSITY; TIME AB From the Arrhenius law a probability distribution of timescales is derived by treating both the prefactor and the activation energy as random variables. In the defect-diffusion model this probability distribution is used to calculate the properties of the anomalous diffusion of defects. The timescales represent the pausing time distribution between movements of a defect. The conditions are determined for these mobile defects to produce stretched exponential relaxation. The diffusion of a single defect is anomalous, but the collective effect of all defects produces a characteristic relaxation timescale. The temperature and pressure dependence of this timescale is used to determine conductivity, dielectric relaxation, and viscosity. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, ONR 30,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM shlesim@onr.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 AR 065121 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/6/065121 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130OU UT WOS:000243809700022 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Doyle, JD Haack, T Dorman, C Signell, RP Lee, CM AF Pullen, Julie Doyle, James D. Haack, Tracy Dorman, Clive Signell, Richard P. Lee, Craig M. TI Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ADRIATIC SEA; FLUXES; FLOW; JET AB A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(R)) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS(R) is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west Adriatic barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west Adriatic ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the Adriatic. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of similar to 12% over the northern Adriatic during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM julie.pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C3 AR C03S18 DI 10.1029/2006JC003726 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 138NY UT WOS:000244370600001 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Turner, S Taitt, CR AF Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Turner, Stephanie Taitt, Chris R. TI Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 spiked into food matrices SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; biosensor; immunosensor; food pathogen ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; APPLE JUICE; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; GROUND-BEEF; 0157-H7; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Food poisoning causes untold discomfort to many people each year. One of the primary culprits in food poisoning is Escherichia coli O157:H7. While most cases cause intestinal discomfort, up to 7% of the incidences lead to a severe complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome which may be fatal. The traditional method for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in cases of food poisoning is to culture the food matrices and/or human stool. Additional performance-based antibody methods are also being used. The NRL array biosensor was developed to detect multiple antigens in multiple samples with little sample pretreatment in under 30 min. An assay for the specific detection of E coli O157:H7 was developed, optimized and tested with a variety of spiked food matrices in this study. With no sample pre-enrichment, 5 x 10(3) cells mL(-1) were detected in buffer in less than 30 min. Slight losses of sensitivity (1-5 x 10(-4) cell mL(-1)) but not specificity occur in the presence of high levels of extraneous bacteria and in various food matrices (ground beef, turkey sausage, carcass wash, and apple juice). No significant difference was observed in the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in typical culture media (Luria Broth and Tryptic Soy Broth). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 584 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 133NX UT WOS:000244020700010 PM 17386586 ER PT J AU Kramer, KE Rose-Pehrsson, SL Hammond, MH Tillett, D Streckert, HH AF Kramer, Kirsten E. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. Hammond, Mark H. Tillett, Duane Streckert, Holger H. TI Detection and classification of gaseous sulfur compounds by solid electrolyte cyclic voltammetry of cermet sensor array SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cermet; sensor array; pattern recognition; gas sensor; probabilistic neural network; cyclic voltammetry ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; SIGNAL-PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; FAST FEATURE-EXTRACTION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; WAVELET TRANSFORM; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; TEMPERATURE; NOSES; IDENTIFICATION AB Electrochemical sensors composed of a ceramic-metallic (cermet) solid electrolyte are used for the detection of gaseous sulfur compounds SO2, H2S, and CS2 in a study involving 11 toxic industrial chemical (TIC) compounds. The study examines a sensor array containing four cermet sensors varying in electrode-electrolyte composition, designed to offer selectivity for multiple compounds. The sensors are driven by cyclic voltammetry to produce a current-voltage profile for each analyte. Raw voltammograms are processed by background subtraction of clean air, and the four sensor signals are concatenated to form one vector of points. The high-resolution signal is compressed by wavelet transformation and a probabilistic neural network is used for classification. In this study, training data from one sensor array was used to formulate models which were validated with data from a second sensor array. Of the 11 gases studied, 3 that contained sulfur produced the strongest responses and were successfully analyzed when the remaining compounds were treated as interferents. Analytes were measured from 10 to 200% of their threshold-limited value (TLV) according to the 8-h time weighted average (TWA) exposure limits defined by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). True positive classification rates of 93.3, 96.7, and 76.7% for SO2, H2S, and CS2, respectively, were achieved for prediction of one sensor unit when a second sensor was used for modeling. True positive rates of 83.3, 90.0, and 90.0% for SO2, H2S, and CS2, respectively, were achieved for the second sensor unit when the first sensor unit was used for modeling. Most of the misclassifications were for low concentration levels (such 10-25% TLV) in which case the compound was classified as clean air. Between the two sensors, the false positive rates were 2.2% or lower for the three sulfur compounds, 0.9% or lower for the interferents (eight remaining analytes), and 5.8% or lower for clean air. The cermet sensor arrays used in this analysis are rugged, low cost, reusable, and show promise for multiple compound detection at parts-per-million (ppm) levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6181, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM susan.rosepehrsson@nrl.navy.mil RI Bueno, Ligia/P-1359-2014 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 584 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.030 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 133NX UT WOS:000244020700012 PM 17386588 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CA Naciri, J Martin, BD Farahat, W Herr, H Ratna, BR AF Spillmann, Christopher A. Naciri, Jawad Martin, Brett D. Farahat, Waleed Herr, Hugh Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Stacking nematic elastomers for artificial muscle applications SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT-2005)/9th International Conference on Advanced Materials (ICAM 2005) CY JUL 03-08, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Int Union Mat Res Soc, Mat Res Soc Singapore, Suntec Int Convent & Exhibit Ctr DE liquid crystal elastomer; mechanical properties; thermal actuator; contraction forces; stacked actuators ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL ELASTOMERS; ACTUATOR; ELASTICITY; POLYMERS AB Nematic liquid crystal elastomers are thermally actuated to produce macroscopic, anisotropic shape changes. Uniaxial contraction and extension of liquid crystal elastomers can be achieved by cycling the temperature of the material through the nematic to isotropic phase transition. In this report, a new approach is introduced by layering liquid crystal elastomer films to create thermally actuated stacks. A heating element and thermally conductive grease embedded between elastomer films provide a means for rapid internal heat application and distribution when a current is passed through the heating element, thus providing contractile force production in a minimal amount of time. Upon voltage application, stacks composed of two 100 mu m-thick films and a single heating element produce 18% strain between contracted and relaxed states. In addition, the stacked elastomer films are capable of producing 10% contraction within 1s and the blocked stress of the thermally actuated stacked films is calculated to be 130 kPa. The stacking approach provides new opportunities to use liquid crystal elastomers in applications requiring forces greater than those capable of being produced by single elastomer films. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Biomech Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Spillmann, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cspillmann@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 SI SI BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2006.04.045 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 140OT UT WOS:000244515800035 ER PT J AU Jacoby, BA Bailes, M Ord, SM Knight, HS Hotan, AW AF Jacoby, B. A. Bailes, M. Ord, S. M. Knight, H. S. Hotan, A. W. TI Discovery of five recycled pulsars in a high Galactic latitude survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; pulsars : general; stars : neutron; surveys ID RELATIVISTIC CELESTIAL MECHANICS; HIGH-FREQUENCY SURVEY; DATA-ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; RADIO PULSARS; POPULATION; PLANE; MOTION; MASS AB We present five recycled pulsars discovered during a 21 cm survey of approximately 4150 deg(2) between 15 degrees and 30 degrees from the Galactic plane using the Parkes radio telescope. One new pulsar, PSR J1528 - 3146, has a 61 ms spin period and a massive white dwarf companion. Like many recycled pulsars with heavy companions, the orbital eccentricity is relatively high (similar to 0.0002), consistent with evolutionary models that predict less time for circularization. The four remaining pulsars have short spin periods ( 3 ms < P < 6 ms); three of these have probable white dwarf binary companions and one ( PSR J2010 - 1323) is isolated. PSR J1600 - 3053 is relatively bright for its dispersion measure of 52.3 pc cm(-3) and promises good timing precision thanks to an intrinsically narrow feature in its pulse profile, resolvable through coherent dedispersion. In this survey, the recycled pulsar discovery rate was 1 per 4 days of telescope time or 1 per 600 deg(2) of sky. The variability of these sources implies that there are more millisecond pulsars that might be found by repeating this survey. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. RP Jacoby, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bryan.jacoby@nrl.navy.mil; mbailes@astro.swin.edu.au; ord@physics.usyd.edu.au; hknight@astro.swin.edu.au; ahotan@astro.swin.edu.au RI Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1086/509312 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600035 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI The spatial resolution properties of composite compact finite differencing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE compact finite differencing; numerical methods; resolution errors; dispersive errors; dissipative errors ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCHEMES; SIMULATION AB Demand for spectral-like spatial routines to resolve fine-scale physics is easily satisfied by compact finite differencing. Commonly, the lower-order multi-parameter families at (and near) non-periodic boundaries are independently tuned to meet or exceed the high-order resolution character of the field stencil. Unfortunately, that approach quantifies a false influence of the boundary scheme on the resultant interior dispersive and dissipative consequences of the compound template. Knowing that each composite template owns three ingredients that define their numerical character, only their formal accuracy and global stability have been properly treated in a coupled fashion. The present work presents a companion means for quantifying the resultant spatial resolution properties. The procedure particularly focuses on the multi-parameter families used to diminish the dispersive and dissipative errors at the non-periodic boundaries. The process introduces a least-squares technique of the target field stencil to optimize the free parameters of the boundary scheme. Application of the optimized templates to both the linear convection and Burgers equations at a fictitious non-periodic boundary showed major reductions of the predictive error. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 74,Bldg 1346-4,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 221 IS 2 BP 558 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.06.026 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 139WQ UT WOS:000244463800006 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, D Fromm, M Trentmann, J Luderer, G Andreae, MO Servranckx, R AF Rosenfeld, D. Fromm, M. Trentmann, J. Luderer, G. Andreae, M. O. Servranckx, R. TI The Chisholm firestorm: observed microstructure, precipitation and lightning activity of a pyro-cumulonimbus SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS SMOKE INJECTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; WIND-TUNNEL; FIRE; ELECTRIFICATION; PARTICLES; SUPERCELL AB A fire storm that occurred on 28 May 2001 and devastated the town of Chisholm, similar to 150 km north of Edmonton, Alberta, induced a violent fire-invigorated cumulonimbus cloud. This pyro-cumulonimbus (pyro-Cb) had overshooting tops of 2.5-3 km above the tropopause, and injected massive amounts of smoke into the lower stratosphere. Fortunately, this event occurred under good coverage of radar, rain gauge, lightning and satellite measurements, which allowed in-depth documentation of the event, and gave us an opportunity to study the cloud top morphology and microstructure, precipitation and cloud electrification of the pyro-Cb. The combination of heat and smoke created a cloud with extremely small drops, which ascended rapidly in violent updrafts. There appeared to be little freezing up to the homogeneous freezing isotherm level of -38 degrees C. A cloud with such small and short-lived highly supercooled drops is incapable of producing precipitation except for few large graupel and hail, which produced the observed radar echoes and charged the cloud with positive lightning. The small cloud drops froze homogeneously to equally small ice particles, for which there is no mechanism to aggregate into precipitation particles, and which hence remain in the anvil. The lack of significant precipitation implies that only a small fraction of the smoke is scavenged, so that most of it is exhausted through the anvil to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Comparisons with other cases suggest that a pyro-Cb does not have to be as violent as the Chisholm case for precipitation to be strongly suppressed. However, this level of convective vigor is necessary to create the overshooting updraft that injects the smoke into the lower stratosphere. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Meteorol Serv Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Rosenfeld, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM daniel.rosenfeld@huji.ac.il RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 7 BP 645 EP 659 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 134QA UT WOS:000244097200004 ER PT J AU Du, MH Feng, J Zhang, SB AF Du, Mao-Hua Feng, Jun Zhang, S. B. TI Photo-oxidation of polyhydroxyl molecules on TiO2 surfaces: From hole scavenging to light-induced self-assembly of TiO2-cyclodextrin wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYSIS; EFFICIENT AB First-principles calculations are carried out to study photo-oxidation of glucose, as a prototype of polyhydroxyl carbohydrates and alcohols, on TiO2 surfaces. We reveal the microscopic mechanisms for the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes at the TiO2-molecule interface as detailed from hole trapping, deprotonation, to the formation of an electron-hole recombination center. These revealed mechanisms further lead to the understanding of the light-induced self-assembly mechanism for TiO2-cyclodextrin nanowires. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Matheson Tri Gas, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 066102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.066102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400042 PM 17358958 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Velea, LM Soto, CM Whitaker, CM Gaber, BP Ratna, B AF Martin, Brett D. Velea, Luminita M. Soto, Carissa M. Whitaker, Craig M. Gaber, Bruce P. Ratna, Banahalli TI Reversible control of kinesin activity and microtubule gliding speeds by switching the doping states of a conducting polymer support SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY BINDING; MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; KINETIC MECHANISM; POLYPYRROLE FILMS; ATP HYDROLYSIS; MOTOR PROTEINS; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; DRIVEN; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) AB We describe a method for reversibly controlling the ATPase activity of streptavidin-linked kinesin by changing the doping states of a conducting polymer support. When the polymer ( poly( CH2OH-EDOT)) was electrochemically switched from its dedoped ( semiconducting) state to its doped ( conducting) state, the ATPase activity of the adsorbed kinesin complex decreased by 35% with a concomitant decrease in the gliding speeds of kinesin-driven microtubules. When the polymer was switched back to its original dedoped state, nearly identical increases were observed in the kinesin ATPase activity and microtubule speeds. Use of a fluorescent ATP substrate analogue showed that the total amount of kinesin adsorbed on the poly( CH2OH-EDOT) surface remained constant as the doping state of the polymer was switched. The microtubules exhibited nearly identical speed differences on the doped and dedoped surfaces for both chemical and electrochemical doping methods. Michaelis - Menten modelling suggests that the doped surface acts as an 'uncompetitive inhibitor' of kinesin. This work represents an investigation into the phenomenon of an electrically switchable surface exerting a moderating effect on the activity of an adsorbed protein that does not contain a bound, electroactive metal ion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Martin, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bdm@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; bratna@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 AR 055103 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/5/055103 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 131FX UT WOS:000243854900003 ER PT J AU Palchan, T Kaganovich, D Sasorov, P Sprangle, P Ting, C Zigler, A AF Palchan, T. Kaganovich, D. Sasorov, P. Sprangle, P. Ting, C. Zigler, A. TI Electron density in low density capillary plasma channel SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY LASER-PULSES; WAVE-GUIDE; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; DISCHARGE; DYNAMICS; BEAMS AB A low density plasma channel of 10(17) cm(-3) is created in a capillary discharge. The plasma channel is characterized through the hydrogen plasma spectra in the Balmer H-alpha line. The measured plasma density profiles were found to be in qualitative agreement with the hydrodynamic simulations. Guiding over many vacuum diffraction length using a plasma channel operating in the low density regime is demonstrated. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palchan, T (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM talap@phys.huji.ac.il RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 061501 DI 10.1063/1.2472525 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300017 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Tai, H Hiltner, A Baer, E Shirk, JS AF Jin, Y. Tai, H. Hiltner, A. Baer, E. Shirk, James S. TI New class of bioinspired lenses with a gradient refractive index SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanolayers; coextrusion; biomimetic; gradient refractive index ID FOCUSING PLASTIC ROD; CRYSTALLINE LENS; OPTICAL-FIBER; CO-POLYMER; MICROLAYER COEXTRUSION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; FILMS; EXTRUSION; COPOLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION AB The recognition that eye lenses in nature often employ a gradient refractive index to enhance the focusing power and to correct aberrations has motivated us to construct a synthetic lens using the layered concept encountered in biological lenses. The result is a highly flexible technology for the fabrication of gradient-refractive index lenses that is based on a method of polymer forced assembly. Polymeric nanolayered films with incremental differences in the refractive index are assembled according to a prescribed design and molded into the desired shape. The exceptional flexibility of the process lies in the wide range of lens shapes and index profiles that can be realized. A lens with any refractive index distribution can be achieved within the refractive index range of available coextrudable optical materials. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hiltner, A (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM ahiltner@case.edu NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 1834 EP 1841 DI 10.1002/app.25404 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 119LM UT WOS:000243013800056 ER PT J AU Crawford, CB Sindile, A Akdogan, T Alarcon, R Bertozzi, W Booth, E Botto, T Calarco, J Clasie, B Degrush, A Donnelly, TW Dow, K Dutta, D Farkhondeh, M Fatemi, R Filoti, O Franklin, W Gao, H Geis, E Gilad, S Haeberli, W Hasell, D Hersman, W Holtrop, M Karpius, P Kohl, M Kolster, H Lee, T Maschinot, A Matthews, J McIlhany, K Meitanis, N Milner, RG Redwine, RP Seely, J Shinozaki, A Sirca, S Six, E Smith, T Tonguc, B Tschalaer, C Tsentalovich, E Turchinetz, W van den Brand, JFJ van der Laan, J Wang, F Wise, T Xiao, Y Xu, W Zhang, C Zhou, Z Ziskin, V Zwart, T AF Crawford, C. B. Sindile, A. Akdogan, T. Alarcon, R. Bertozzi, W. Booth, E. Botto, T. Calarco, J. Clasie, B. Degrush, A. Donnelly, T. W. Dow, K. Dutta, D. Farkhondeh, M. Fatemi, R. Filoti, O. Franklin, W. Gao, H. Geis, E. Gilad, S. Haeberli, W. Hasell, D. Hersman, W. Holtrop, M. Karpius, P. Kohl, M. Kolster, H. Lee, T. Maschinot, A. Matthews, J. McIlhany, K. Meitanis, N. Milner, R. G. Redwine, R. P. Seely, J. Shinozaki, A. Sirca, S. Six, E. Smith, T. Tonguc, B. Tschalaer, C. Tsentalovich, E. Turchinetz, W. van den Brand, J. F. J. van der Laan, J. Wang, F. Wise, T. Xiao, Y. Xu, W. Zhang, C. Zhou, Z. Ziskin, V. Zwart, T. TI Measurement of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor ratio from 1(H)over-right-arrow((e)over-right-arrow,e ' p) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; SCATTERING CROSS SECTIONS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; MOMENTUM-TRANSFERS; GAS-TARGET; NUCLEON; NEUTRON; (GEV/C)(2); DEUTERON AB We report the first precision measurement of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio from spin-dependent elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized hydrogen internal gas target. The measurement was performed at the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring over a range of four-momentum transfer squared Q(2) from 0.15 to 0.65 (GeV/c)(2). Significantly improved results on the proton electric and magnetic form factors are obtained in combination with existing cross-section data on elastic electron-proton scattering in the same Q(2) region. C1 MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Bates Linear Accelerator Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Crawford, CB (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011 NR 71 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 052301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.052301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100023 PM 17358849 ER PT J AU Hanafi, HA Fryauff, DJ Modi, GB Ibrahim, MO Main, AJ AF Hanafi, Hanafi A. Fryauff, David J. Modi, Govind B. Ibrahim, Moustafa O. Main, Andrew J. TI Bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies at a peacekeeping duty site in the north of Sinai, Egypt SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Leishmania; vector; Phlebotomus papatasi; military; peacekeeping; Sinai; Egypt ID SCOPOLI DIPTERA-PSYCHODIDAE; SAND FLIES DIPTERA; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; PAPATASI DIPTERA; JORDAN-VALLEY; AUTOGENY; DESERT; CAUGHT; TRAPS AB A longitudinal entomological survey for sandflies was conducted from 1989 to 1991 at a focus of enzootic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast Sinai, Egypt, within the border region monitored by multinational peacekeepers. Standardized sampling with CDC light traps, oiled paper "sticky traps", and human landing collection was employed to determine monthly trends in species composition, density, sex ratio, and reproductive status of vector sandflies. Each collection method independently defined sandfly seasonality as the period May-November in 1990, and March-October in 1991. Plebotomus papatasi was the only anthropophagic species found and comprised more than 94% of the sandfly population. Two population peaks (May, July) were observed for this species in both survey years. Density of P. papatasi in underground bunkers was higher than outside but inflated by a greater proportion of male flies. During 1990, the proportion of gravid P. papatasi increased progressively during the 5 months period from May to September and averaged 29.5% and 29.7% for interior and exterior collections, respectively. Density of R papatasi was greater during 199 1, but proportions of gravid flies were significantly lower in each survey month and averaged 14.9% and 12.3% for interior and exterior collections, respectively. Seasonal rates of Leishmania-infected P. papatasi averaged 0.8% and 0.9% in 1989 and 1990, but fell to zero in 199 1, suggesting an unstable focus of Leishmania major transmission. Proportions of gravid flies may be a valid indicator of the physiological age and epidemiologic importance of the vector sandfly population at this focus. The strong correlation of sticky trap indices to human-landing/biting rates shows that this is an accurate, inexpensive, and no-risk alternative to human bait collections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Sci Directorate, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Hanafi, HA (reprint author), NAVMEDRSCHU THREE, Res Publicat Div, Code 101,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM HanafiH@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.12.005 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 155WL UT WOS:000245609200003 PM 17270138 ER PT J AU Suesz, D AF Suesz, David TI Vietnam to Iraq (Max Boot's article 'From Saigon to Desert Storm') SO AMERICAN HERITAGE LA English DT Letter C1 USN Reserve, Perkasie, PA USA. RP Suesz, D (reprint author), USN Reserve, Perkasie, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HERITAGE SUBSCRIPTION DEPT PI NEW YORK PA FORBES BUILDING 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-8738 J9 AM HERITAGE JI Am. Herit. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 132PQ UT WOS:000243955100008 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI Towards the new army: Conservative republic and military reform 1871-1879. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1086/ahr.112.1.287 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 137DH UT WOS:000244272600149 ER PT J AU Halvorson, H Schlett, C Riddle, M AF Halvorson, Heather Schlett, Carey Riddle, Mark TI Response to Dr. Dupont's comments regarding our recent article: Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome - A meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RISK C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Halvorson, H (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 102 IS 2 BP 459 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00904_10.x PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 133UH UT WOS:000244038900041 ER PT J AU Rebmann, T Carrico, R English, JF AF Rebmann, Terri Carrico, Ruth English, Judith F. TI Hospital infectious disease emergency preparedness: A survey of infection control professionals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background: Hospital preparedness for infectious disease emergencies is imperative for local, regional, and national response planning. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted of a survey administered to Infection Control Professionals (ICPs) in May, 2005. Results: Most hospitals have ICP representation on their disaster committee, around-the-clock infection control support, a plan to prioritize health care workers to receive vaccine or antivirals, and non-health care facility surge beds. Almost 20% lack a surge capacity plan. Some lack negative pressure rooms for current patient loads or any surge capacity. Less than half have a plan for rapid set-up of negative pressure, and Midwest hospitals are less likely than other areas to have such plans. Smaller hospitals have less negative pressure surge capacity than do larger hospitals, About half have enough health care workers to respond to a surge that involves 50 patients; few can handle 100 patients. Many do not have sufficient ventilators or can handle <= 10 additional ventilated patients. Most do riot have enough National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved respirators, and less than half have sufficient surgical masks to handle a significant surge. Conclusions: United States hospitals lack negative pressure, health care worker, and medical equipment/supplies surge capacity Hospitals must continue to address gaps in infectious disease emergency planning. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Biosecur, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Publ Hlth & Informat Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Rebmann, T (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Biosecur, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Suite 361, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM rebmannt@slu.edu NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.07.002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 135RZ UT WOS:000244172000005 PM 17276788 ER PT J AU Fryauff, DJ Owusu-Agyei, S Utz, G Baird, JK Koram, KA Binka, F Nkrumah, F Hoffman, SL AF Fryauff, David J. Owusu-Agyei, Seth Utz, Gregory Baird, J. Kevin Koram, Kwadwo A. Binka, Fred Nkrumah, Francis Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Mefloquine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children 6-24 months of age in northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PHARMACOKINETICS; INVITRO; KINETICS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROPHYLAXIS; CHLOROQUINE; VOLUNTEERS; METABOLITE; EFFICACY AB Mefloquine (MQ) single dose 20 mg/kg treatment of falciparum malaria was evaluated in 186 children of 6-24 months of age in northern Ghana. There were 15 RII/RIII-type parasitologic failures, all with Day 2 MQ blood levels significantly lower than children whose parasitemias cleared before Day 7 and remained clear through 28 days. Predictors of RII/RIlI parasitologic response were vomiting after MO dosing, Day 2 MQ levels < 500 ng/mL, and undetectable Day 2 levels of the carboxymefloquine metabolite. There were 50 cases of delayed RI parasitologic failure, but 71 % of these cases had undetectable Day 28 blood levels of MQ and drug levels in the remaining 29% ranged below the 620 ng/mL level that suppresses MQ sensitive strains of P. falciparum. Drug levels among infants that tolerated MQ well were not associated with age, weight, hemoglobin, parasitemia, and pre-existing symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea. An observed recurrent parasitemia of 34,400 trophozoites/mu L against a MQ blood concentration of 550 ng/mL was taken as indication of tolerance to suppressive levels of the drug at this location. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Upper East Regi, Ghana. Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Legon, Ghana. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Branch, PSC 452,Box 52, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM fryauffd@nmrc.navy.mil; seth.owusu-agyei@ghana-khrc.org; gcutz@nmcsd.med.navy.mil; jkevinbaird@yahoo.com; KKoram@noguchi.mimcom.net; FBinka@indepth-nework.org; FNkrumah@noguchi.mimcom.net; slhoffman@sanaria.com RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 BP 224 EP 231 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 135GN UT WOS:000244142200004 PM 17297028 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, John M. TI Application of topical corticosteroids to sites of positive immediate-type allergy skin tests to relieve itching: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: In many allergy clinics topical corticosteroid cream is applied to sites of positive skin tests in an attempt to alleviate itching. Objectives: To determine whether or not this practice is effective. Methods: Patients with 5 or more positive skin test results were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups after skin test result reading: application of 2.5% hydrocortisone in moisturizing cream, moisturizing cream alone, or no topical application. Immediately after the skin test results were read (baseline) and at 5, 15, and 30 minutes, patients rated their itching on a 100-mm visual analog scale. Results: Average itch scores for all groups combined were 44, 33, 22, and 12 at 0, 5, 15, and 30 minutes, respectively. No differences were found among the groups at any time point. No correlation was found between the baseline itch scores and age, sex, number of positive skin test results (>= 3-mm wheals), or number of large positive skin test results (>= 15-mm wheals). Conclusions: The application of corticosteroid cream to sites of positive immediate-type allergy skin tests does not provide relief of itching; therefore, this practice should be abandoned. Instead, patients should be informed that any itching they may be experiencing will substantially resolve during the next 30 minutes and that application of such topical treatment will not hasten the relief of itching. C1 USN, Div Allergy, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), Scripps Clin, Div Allergy Asthma & Immunol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kelso.john@scrippshealth.org NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 137ER UT WOS:000244276300014 PM 17304888 ER PT J AU Bouvet, M Luiken, GA Kaushal, S Quigley, MM Talamini, MA Moossa, AR Hoffman, RM AF Bouvet, M. Luiken, G. A. Kaushal, S. Quigley, M. M. Talamini, M. A. Moossa, A. R. Hoffman, R. M. TI Vivo imaging of human pancreatic cancer using a fluorescent antibody to CA 19-9 for intraoperative visualization of tumors SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 15-18, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Soc Surg Oncol C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Fluoro Probe Inc, Coronado, CA USA. Balboa Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. AntiCanc Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 SU S BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 134PU UT WOS:000244096200171 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL Young, CY AF Lucke, Robert L. Young, Cynthia Y. TI Theoretical wave structure function when the effect of the outer scale is significant SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS; TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; FRONT; MODEL AB The wave structure function (WSF) for a plane wave, calculated from the basic Rytov theory, is usually expressed as 6.88(r/r(0))(5/3), but this does not include the effect of a finite outer scale (or of a nonzero inner scale) of turbulence. When separation distance r is only 5% of the outer scale, this expression overpredicts the WSF by a factor of approximately 2. Accurate evaluations of the Rytov formulas are given for the WSFs of plane and spherical waves in Kolmogorov and von Karman turbulence and for the structure function of the atmosphere's index of refraction. Simple formulas make the results easy to use. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Math, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7231, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.lucke@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1364/AO.46.000559 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 130EO UT WOS:000243782500016 PM 17230250 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Chen, JC He, JZ Wu, C AF Zhang, Yue Chen, Jincan He, Jizhou Wu, Chih TI Comparison on the optimum performances of the irreversible Brayton refrigeration cycles with regeneration and non-regeneration SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Brayton refrigeration cycle; regeneration; non-regeneration; optimal performance ID AIR REFRIGERATOR; COOLING-LOAD; OPTIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY AB An irreversible model of the Brayton refrigeration cycles with regeneration and non-regeneration is established in a unified way, in which the irreversibilities resulting from the internal dissipation of the working substance in the adiabatic processes and the finite-rate heat transfer in the regenerative and isobaric processes are taken into account. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling load, coefficient of performance (COP) and regeneration, are derived. The optimal performances of a regenerative and a non-regenerative refrigeration cycle are compared quantitatively. The advantages of the two cycle models are expounded, respectively. The optimal region of regeneration is determined. Moreover, some optimally operating parameters of a regenerative Brayton refrigeration cycle, such as the temperatures of the working substance at different state points, pressure ratio, and ratios of the various heat transfer areas to the total heat transfer area, are determined. The optimal relations between these parameters and the COP are presented by a set of characteristic curves. The results obtained may be helpful to the comprehensive understanding for the performance characteristics of the Brayton refrigeration cycles with non-regeneration and regeneration. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Nanchang Univ, Dept Phys, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM jcchen@xmu.edu.cn RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.07.012 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 100YQ UT WOS:000241706500014 ER PT J AU Lowe, M Harris, W Kane, RL Banderet, L Levinson, D Reeves, D AF Lowe, Michael Harris, Wayne Kane, Robert L. Banderet, Louis Levinson, Daniel Reeves, Dennis TI Neuropsychological assessment in extreme environments SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extreme environments; radiological; toxins; diving medicine; neuropsychology; altitude; fatigue advanced military training ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DEPLETED URANIUM; PERFORMANCE; SICKNESS; TOOL AB In this paper, we summarize studies that used ANAM tests to assess the effects of environmental stressors. The findings document performance changes resulting from conditions relevant to military operational medicine. These conditions included radiation exposure, toxins, high altitude, undersea conditions, Marine basic training, advanced military training, and fatigue. The results of these studies demonstrate that ANAM detects cognitive changes in extreme environments. (c) 2006 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Naval Aerosp Med Inst Code 35, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Clinvest Inc, Springfield, MO USA. RP Lowe, M (reprint author), USN, Naval Aerosp Med Inst Code 35, Acad 340 Hulse Rd Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM walddr@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S89 EP S99 DI 10.1016/j.acn.2006.10.010 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 161DZ UT WOS:000245995900009 PM 17147982 ER PT J AU Harris, HC Dahn, CC Canzian, B Guetter, HH Leggett, SK Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Monet, AKB Monet, DG Pier, JR Stone, RC Tilleman, T Vrba, FJ Walker, RL AF Harris, Hugh C. Dahn, Conard C. Canzian, Blaise Guetter, Harry H. Leggett, S. K. Levine, Stephen E. Luginbuhl, Christian B. Monet, Alice K. B. Monet, David G. Pier, Jeffrey R. Stone, Ronald C. Tilleman, Trudy Vrba, Frederick J. Walker, Richard L. TI Trigonometric parallaxes of central stars of planetary nebulae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; planetary nebulae : general; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : distances ID STATISTICAL DISTANCE SCALE; WHITE-DWARF PG-1034+001; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HOT; CALIBRATION; COMPANIONS; ASTROMETRY; HIPPARCOS; DISCOVERY; CATALOG AB Trigonometric parallaxes of 16 nearby planetary nebulae are presented, including reduced errors for seven objects with previous initial results and results for six new objects. The median error in the parallax is 0.42 mas, and 12 nebulae have parallax errors of less than 20%. The parallax for PHL 932 is found here to be smaller than was measured by Hipparcos, and this peculiar object is discussed. Comparisons are made with other distance estimates. The distances determined from these parallaxes tend to be intermediate between some short distance estimates and other long estimates; they are somewhat smaller than those estimated from spectra of the central stars. Proper motions and tangential velocities are presented. No astrometric perturbations from unresolved close companions are detected. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM hch@nofs.navy.mil OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 39 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1086/510348 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129LC UT WOS:000243730000027 ER PT J AU Lang, J Brooks, DH Lanzafame, AC Martin, R Pike, CD Thompson, WT AF Lang, J. Brooks, D. H. Lanzafame, A. C. Martin, R. Pike, C. D. Thompson, W. T. TI The in-flight monitoring and validation of the SOHOCDS Normal Incidence Spectrometer radiometric calibration SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; atomic data; techniques : spectroscopic ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; EMISSION MEASURE STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-REGION SPECTRUM; INNER SOLAR CORONA; BORON-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATA AB The scientific return from an extreme-ultraviolet spectrometer depends on the accuracy and precision of its radiometric calibration. For the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on SOHO, radiometric calibration started pre-launch in the laboratory and continued after launch by making comparison measurements of the same area of the Sun with calibrated sounding rocket payloads and also by intercalibration with the SUMER instrument on SOHO. The present work uses the measurement of line ratios to monitor and validate the calibration over the first six years of observation. As well as using branching ratios and line ratios independent of the electron temperature and density, line ratios dependent on electron temperature or density have also been used successfully to validate and monitor the calibration. The results indicate that, within the uncertainties, the radiometric calibration has been validated and maintained over the first six years of observations apart from three specific wavelengths, 338.98 angstrom, 315.0 angstrom, and 311.8 angstrom. Problems with lines at 608.4 angstrom, 303.4 angstrom (seen in second order), 335.4 angstrom, and 360.7 angstrom are attributed to difficulties with the burn-in correction. C1 CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catania Univ, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. NASA GSFC, Commun GSI L3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lang, J (reprint author), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM J.Lang@rl.ac.uk RI Thompson, William/D-7376-2012; Lanzafame, Alessandro/A-1129-2012 OI Lanzafame, Alessandro/0000-0002-2697-3607 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 463 IS 1 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20054477 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 132KO UT WOS:000243941900033 ER PT J AU Zavala, RT Adelman, SJ Hummel, CA Gulliver, AF Caliskan, H Armstrong, JT Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Pauls, TA AF Zavala, R. T. Adelman, S. J. Hummel, C. A. Gulliver, A. F. Caliskan, H. Armstrong, J. T. Hutter, D. J. Johnston, K. J. Pauls, T. A. TI The mercury-manganese binary star phi Herculis: Detection and properties of the secondary and revision of the elemental abundances of the primary SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : abundances; stars : chemically peculiar; stars : individual (phi Herculis AB) ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SOLAR ABUNDANCE; HGMN STARS; A-STARS; DAO SPECTROGRAMS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; F-STAR; B-STAR AB Observations of the mercury-manganese star phi Her with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) conclusively reveal the previously unseen companion in this single- lined binary system. The NPOI data were used to predict a spectral type of A8 V for the secondary star phi Her B. This prediction was subsequently confirmed by spectroscopic observations obtained at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. phi Her B is rotating at 50 +/- 3 kms s(-1), in contrast to the 8 km s(-1) lines of phi HerA. Recognizing the lines from the secondary permits one to separate them from those of the primary. The abundance analysis of phi Her A shows an abundance pattern similar to those of other HgMn stars, with Al being very underabundant and Sc, Cr, Mn, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, and Hg being very overabundant. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Dept Phys, Charleston, SC USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Brandon Univ, Dept Phys, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada. Univ Istanbul, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zavala, RT (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; adelmans@citadel.edu; chummel@eso.org RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 2 BP 1046 EP 1057 DI 10.1086/510108 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JS UT WOS:000243726000032 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM AF Sheeley, N. R. Wang, Y. -M. TI In/out pairs and the detachment of coronal streamers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE; MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; OUTER CORONA; INFLOWS; EVENTS; MOTIONS; ORIGIN; FLUX AB We previously described coronal events that originate in the 2-6 R(circle dot) field of view of the LASCO white-light coronagraph and involve the simultaneous ejection of material inward toward the Sun and outward away from it. Now, in a study of more than 160 in/out pairs, we have found that these features are density enhancements at the leading and trailing edges of depletions that occur when slowly rising coronal structures separate from the Sun. The outward component is shaped like a large arch with both ends attached to the Sun, and the inward component is often resolved into loops. We also found about 60 additional events in which the outward components began near the edge of the occulting disk and inward components were not visible, as if these events were in/out pairs that originated below the 2 R(circle dot) radius of the occulting disk. We conclude that in/out pairs belong to a broad class of streamer detachments, which include "streamer blowout'' coronal mass ejections, and we suppose that all of these events occur when rising magnetic loops reconnect to produce an outgoing helical flux rope and an ingoing arcade of collapsing loops. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 2 BP 1142 EP 1156 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JS UT WOS:000243726000040 ER PT J AU McDowell, P Bourgeois, B McDowell, PJ Iyengar, SS Chen, JH AF McDowell, Patrick Bourgeois, Brian McDowell, Pamela J. Iyengar, S. S. Chen, Jianhua TI Relative positioning for team robot navigation SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE component; formations; acoustic positioning; neural networks AB The research presented in this paper approaches the issue of robot team navigation using relative positioning. With this approach each robot is equipped with sensors that allow it to independently estimate the relative direction of an assigned leader. Acoustic sensor systems are used and were seen to work very effectively in environments where datum relative positioning systems (such as GPS or acoustic transponders) are typically ineffective. While acoustic sensors provide distinct advantages, the variability of the acoustic environment presents significant control challenges. To address this challenge, directional control of the robot was accomplished with a feed forward neural network trained using a genetic algorithm, and a new approach to training using recent memories was successfully implemented. The design of this controller is presented and its performance is compared with more traditional classic logic and behavior controllers. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McDowell, P (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Ind Technol, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM pm@selu.edu RI Chen, Jianhua/C-9845-2012 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 EI 1573-7527 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10514-006-9021-8 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 135UG UT WOS:000244178800002 ER PT J AU Montcalm-Smith, E Caviness, J Chen, Y McCarron, RM AF Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth Caviness, James Chen, Ye McCarron, Richard M. TI Stress biomarkers in a rat model of decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; hemeoxygenase-1; heat shock proteins; endothelin-1 ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; GENE-EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEME OXYGENASE-1; BUBBLE FORMATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; SPINAL-CORD; COMPLEMENT AB Introduction: Immune reactivity, stress responses, and inflammatory reactions may all contribute to pathogenic mechanisms associated with decompression sickness (DCS). Currently, there are no biomarkers for DCS. This research examined if DCS is associated with increased levels of biomarkers associated with vascular function, early/non-specific stress responses, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses. Methods: Rats undergoing a test dive to 175 ft of seawater (fsw) (6.2 ATA) for 60 min with a rapid decompression were observed for DCS (ambulatory deficit). Animals exercised on a rotating cage (similar to 3 m center dot min(-1)) throughout the dive and subsequent 30-min observation period. All animals were euthanized and blood and tissue samples (brain, liver, lung) were collected for analysis of CRP and ET-1 by ELISA and stress markers by PCR. Results: HO-1 and HSP-70 increased in the brain, and HO-1, Egr-1, and NOS increased in the lungs of animals with DCS. There was no difference in any stress marker in the liver, or in serum levels of CRP or ET-1. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that < 30 min after surfacing, there are genomic changes in animals with DCS compared with animals not showing signs of DCS. Identification of specific markers of DCS may permit use of such biomarkers as predictors of DCS susceptibility and/or occurrence. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Montcalm-Smith, E (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM TempleD@NMRC.navy.mil NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 132NY UT WOS:000243950700002 PM 17310878 ER PT J AU Dib, A Barlogie, B Shaughnessy, JD Kuehl, M AF Dib, Amel Barlogie, Bart Shaughnessy, John D., Jr. Kuehl, Michael TI Methylation and expression of the p1 61NK4A tumor suppressor gene in multiple myeloma SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter ID P16(INK4A); EVENT C1 USN Hosp, Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kuehl, M (reprint author), USN Hosp, Natl Canc Inst, Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM wmk@helix.nih.gov NR 10 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1338 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 135CX UT WOS:000244132800078 PM 17244692 ER PT J AU de Roode, SR Wang, Q AF de Roode, Stephan R. Wang, Qing TI Do stratocumulus clouds detrain? FIRE I data revisited SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE aircraft observations; boundary-layer clouds; conditional sampling; FIRE I; ISCCP; inversion structure; stratocumulus ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED LAYERS; DRIZZLE AB Analyses of aircraft observations of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE I) show the frequent presence of clear, but relatively moist, air patches near the stratocumulus cloud-top interface. A conditional sampling of measurements in these clear air patches shows that their thermodynamic properties do more resemble boundary-layer air characteristics than those of free troposphere air. From an aircraft leg through cloud tops it is demonstrated that turbulent mixing across the cloud-top interface can lead to the local dissipation of the cloud top. Analogous to the terminology used for shallow cumulus parameterizations this process can be considered as detrainment, with which we mean that after a mixing event across the cloud-top boundaries, mixed unsaturated parcels become part of the clear environment of the cloud. C1 Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP de Roode, SR (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM roode@knmi.nl; qwang@nps.edu RI de Roode, Stephan/J-8611-2012 OI de Roode, Stephan/0000-0003-3217-8009 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s10546-006-9113-1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 131WX UT WOS:000243903900012 ER PT J AU Hueman, MT Stojadinovic, A Storrer, CE Dehqanzada, ZA Gurney, JM Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Hueman, Matthew T. Stojadinovic, Alexander Storrer, Catherine E. Dehqanzada, Zia A. Gurney, Jennifer M. Shriver, Craig D. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Analysis of naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in breast cancer patients receiving a HER2/neu peptide (E75) and GM-CSF vaccine SO CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE HER2; neu; E75-peptide vaccine; memory T cells; naive T cells; immunophenotyping ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; HER-2 NEU ONCOGENE; PROSTATE-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; METASTATIC MELANOMA; EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS; DENDRITIC CELLS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; FLT3 LIGAND AB We are conducting clinical trials of the E75 peptide as a vaccine in breast cancer (BrCa) patients. We assessed T cell subpopulations in BrCa patients before and after E75 vaccination and compared them to healthy controls. We obtained 17 samples of blood from ten healthy individuals and samples from 22 BrCa patients prior to vaccination. We also obtained pre- and post-vaccination samples of blood from seven BrCa patients who received the E75/GM-CSF vaccine. CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CD45RO, and CCR7 antibodies were used to analyze the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by four-color flow cytometry. Compared to healthy individuals, BrCa patients have significantly more memory and less naive T cells and more effector-memory CD8+ and less effector CD4+ T cells. Phenotypic differences in defined circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations suggest remnants of an active immune response to tumor distinguished by a predominant memory T cell response and by untapped recruitment of naive helper and cytotoxic T cells. E75 vaccination induced recruitment of both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells while memory response remained stable. Additionally, vaccination induced global activation of all T cells, with specific enhancement of effector CD4+ T cells. E75 vaccination causes activation of both memory and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while recruiting additional naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the overall immune response. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Clin Breast Care Project Immunol & Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Clin Breast Care Project Immunol & Res Ctr, CBCP IRC Bldg 139, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM george.peoples@na.amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7004 J9 CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUN JI Cancer Immunol. Immunother. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00262-006-0188-9 PG 12 WC Oncology; Immunology SC Oncology; Immunology GA 110DT UT WOS:000242359200002 PM 16783576 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Keller, TM Qadri, SB AF Laskoski, Matthew Keller, Teddy M. Qadri, Syed B. TI Solid-phase synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from butadiynyl-ferrocene-containing compounds SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; CATALYTIC GROWTH; IN-SITU; COMPLEXES; NANOSTRUCTURES; DECOMPOSITION; NICKEL AB Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized from novel butadiynyl-ferrocene-containing compounds. The formation of the MWCNTs occurs in the solid phase at ambient pressure in a typical high-temperature furnace. Heat treatment of the various compounds to temperatures up to 1300 degrees C under atmospheric pressure resulted in the decomposition of the ferrocene units and the formation of Fe nanoparticles in the polymeric-to-carbon nanoparticle-to-carbon nanotube compositions. The Fe atoms, clusters, and/or nanoparticles are the key to the formation of the carbon nanotubes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies show the presence of a large quantity of MWCNTs in the carbonaceous solid residue. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 137CO UT WOS:000244270600030 ER PT J AU Jaisi, DP Dong, HL Kim, J He, ZQ Morton, JP AF Jaisi, Deb P. Dong, Hailiang Kim, Jinwook He, Ziqi Morton, John P. TI Nontronite particle aggregation induced by microbial Fe(III) reduction and exopolysaccharide production SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; electrophoretic mobility; EPS; Fe(III) reduction; nontronite; SEM; Shewanella putrefaciens ID COLLISION EFFICIENCY FACTORS; IRON-BEARING SMECTITES; POLYMER FLOCCULATION; STRUCTURAL FE(III); SURFACE-PROPERTIES; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORPTION; BACTERIA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MONTMORILLONITE AB Clay particle aggregation affects a number of environmental processes, such as contaminant sorption/desorption, particle movement/deposition, and sediment structure and stability, yet factors that control clay aggregation are not well understood. This study was designed to investigate how microbial reduction of Fe(III) in clay structure, a common process in soils and sediments, affects clay-particle aggregation. Microbial Fe(III) reduction experiments were conducted with Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 in bicarbonate buffer with structural Fe(III) in nontronite as the sole electron acceptor, lactate as the sole electron donor, and AQDS as an electron shuttle. Four size fractions of nontronite (D-5-D-95 of 0.12-0.22 mu m, 0.41-0.69 mu m, 0.73-0.96 mu m and 1.42-1.78 mu m) were used to evaluate size-dependent aggregation kinetics. The extent of Fe(III) bioreduction and the amount of exopolysaccharide (EPS), a major biopolymer secreted by CN32 cells during Fe(III) bioreduction, were measured with chemical methods. Nontronite particle aggregation was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum extent of Fe(III) bioreduction reached 36% and 24% for the smallest and the largest size fractions, respectively. Within the same time duration, the effective diameter, measured at 95% percentile (D-95), increased by a factor of 43.7 and 7.7 for these two fractions, respectively. Because there was production of EPS by CN32 cells during Fe(III) reduction, it was difficult to assess the relative role of Fe(III) bioreduction and EPS bridging in particle aggregation. Thus, additional experiments were performed. Reduction of Fe(III) by dithionite was designed to examine the effect of Fe(III) reduction, and pure EPS isolated from CN32 cells was used to examine the effect of EPS. The data showed that both Fe(III) reduction and EPS were important in promoting clay mineral aggregation. In natural environments, the relative importance of these two factors may be dependent on local conditions. These results have important implications for understanding factors in controlling clay particle aggregation in natural environments. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 29 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550108 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 148KG UT WOS:000245072700008 ER PT J AU Holman, DH Wang, D Raviprakash, K Raja, NU Luo, M Zhang, J Porter, KR Dong, JY AF Holman, David H. Wang, Danher Raviprakash, Kanakatte Raja, Nicholas U. Luo, Min Zhang, Jianghui Porter, Kevin R. Dong, John Y. TI Two complex, adenovirus-based vaccines that together induce immune responses to all four dengue virus serotypes SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EBOLA-VIRUS; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; TYPE-2 VIRUS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Dengue virus infections can cause hemorrhagic fever, shock, encephalitis, and even death. Worldwide, approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-infested regions with about 100 million new cases each year, although many of these infections are believed to be silent. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus; thus, immunity from one serotype will not cross-protect from infection with the other three. The difficulties that hamper vaccine development include requirements of the natural conformation of the envelope glycoprotein to induce neutralizing immune responses and the necessity of presenting antigens of all four serotypes. Currently, the only way to meet these requirements is to use a mixture of four serotypes of live attenuated dengue viruses, but safety remains a major problem. In this study, we have developed the basis for a tetravalent dengue vaccine using a novel complex adenovirus platform that is capable of expressing multiple antigens de novo. This dengue vaccine is constructed as a pair of vectors that each expresses the premembrane and envelope genes of two different dengue virus serotypes. Upon vaccination, the vaccine expressed high levels of the dengue virus antigens in cells to mimic a natural infection and induced both Immoral and cellular immune responses against multiple serotypes of dengue virus in an animal model. Further analyses show the Immoral responses were indeed neutralizing against all four serotypes. Our studies demonstrate the concept of mimicking infections to induce immune responses by synthesizing dengue virus membrane antigens de novo and the feasibility of developing an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine by vector-mediated expression of glycoproteins of the four serotypes. C1 GenPhar Inc, Div Biodef Vaccines, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dong, JY (reprint author), GenPhar Inc, Div Biodef Vaccines, 891 Lowcountry Blvd, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464 USA. EM dongj@genphar.com RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 37 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1128/CVI.00330-06 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 140MF UT WOS:000244508700011 PM 17192403 ER PT J AU Tribble, DR Sanders, JW Pang, LW Mason, C Pitarangsi, C Baqar, S Armstrong, A Hshieh, P Fox, A Maley, EA Lebron, C Faix, DJ Lawler, JV Nayak, G Lewis, M Bodhidatta, L Scott, DA AF Tribble, David R. Sanders, John W. Pang, Lorrin W. Mason, Carl Pitarangsi, Chittima Baqar, Shahida Armstrong, Adam Hshieh, Paul Fox, Anne Maley, Elisabeth A. Lebron, Carlos Faix, Dennis J. Lawler, James V. Nayak, Gautam Lewis, Michael Bodhidatta, Ladaporn Scott, Daniel A. TI Traveler's diarrhea in Thailand: Randomized, double-blind trial comparing single-dose and 3-day azithromycin-based regimens with a 3-day levofloxacin regimen SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; COMMUNITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NORFLOXACIN AB Background. Traveler's diarrhea in Thailand is frequently caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Rates of fluoroquinolone ( FQ) resistance in Campylobacter organisms have exceeded 85% in recent years, and reduced fluoroquinolone efficacy has been observed. Methods. Azithromycin regimens were evaluated in a randomized, double- blind trial of azithromycin, given as a single 1-g dose or a 3- day regimen ( 500 mg daily), versus a 3- day regimen of levofloxacin ( 500 mg daily) in military field clinics in Thailand. Outcomes included clinical end points ( time to the last unformed stool [ TLUS] and cure rates) and microbiological end points ( pathogen eradication). Results. A total of 156 patients with acute diarrhea were enrolled in the trial. Campylobacter organisms predominated ( in 64% of patients), with levofloxacin resistance noted in 50% of Campylobacter organisms and with no azithromycin resistance noted. The cure rate at 72 h after treatment initiation was highest ( 96%) with single-dose azithromycin, compared with the cure rates of 85% noted with 3- day azithromycin and 71% noted with levofloxacin (P = .002). Single-dose azithromycin was also associated with the shortest median TLUS ( 35 h; P = .03 by log- rank test). Levofloxacin's efficacy was inferior to azithromycin's efficacy, except in patients with no pathogen identified during the first 24 h of treatment or in patients with levofloxacin-susceptible Campylobacter isolates, in whom it appeared to be equal to azithromycin. The rate of microbiological eradication was significantly better with azithromycin- based regimens ( 96% - 100%), compared with levofloxacin ( 38%) (P = .001); however, this finding was poorly correlated with clinical outcome. A higher rate of posttreatment nausea in the 30 min after receipt of the first dose ( 14% vs. ! 6%;) was observed as a mild, self- limited complaint associated Pp. 06 with single- dose azithromycin. Conclusions. Single- dose azithromycin is recommended for empirical therapy of traveler's diarrhea acquired in Thailand and is a reasonable first- line option for empirical management in general. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit, Honolulu, HI USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Tribble, DR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Rm 3E21,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tribbled@nmrc.navy.mil OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 40 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1086/510589 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100011 PM 17205438 ER EF